In this article, output tracking for a class of nonlinear non-minimum phase systems with output delay is considered. By applying the first-order Padé approximation technique to deal with the time-delay function, the original control problem is reduced to the output-tracking problem of a new non-minimum phase system without delay. The bounded tracking profiles of the unstable internal dynamics in the new system are generated by using the nonlinear inversion-based method, and a complete sliding mode control scheme is proposed to stabilise the output-tracking error as well as the internal dynamics. Moreover, the proposed control scheme is applied to solve the flight-path angle tracking problem of an F-16 jet fighter.


Objective To determine whether atrial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)is altered in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods The right atrial tissue samples were taken from 75 patients with rheumatic heart disease who underwent heart valve replacement surgeries.34 patients were in sinus rhythm,11 patients had paroxysmal AF and 30 patients had persistent AF.Picrosirius red staining was used for quantitative analysis of collagen accumulation.The mRNA and protein level of TNF-α were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western-blotting analysis respectively.Results ①Atrial fibrosis tissue content significantly increased in both paroxysmal AF and persistent AF groups than that in the sinus rhythm group(all P0.001),the significant difference was also observed between the persistent AF and paroxysmal AF groups(P0.01).Collagen volume fraction was(CVF)significantly correlated with left atrial(LA)dimension and AF duration(all P0.01).②TNF-α expression at mRNA and protein level increased more significantly in the persistent AF group than the paroxysmal AF group and the sinus rhythm group(P0.05~0.001).The mRNA level of TNF-α was positively correlated with AF duration(P0.05).The protein level was positively correlated with LA dimension,AF duration and CVF(all P0.05).Conclutions The upregulation of TNF-α expression may have contributed to the atrial structure remodeling during AF.


Infection with HIV-1 is estimated to affect 850000 to 950000 persons in the United States (1). Of those infected, 25% (180000 to 280000) are thought to be unaware of their status (1). Almost all patients with untreated HIV infection eventually develop AIDS (2). In the United States, more than 500000 patients with AIDS have died; approximately 18000 died in 2003 (3). AIDS is the seventh leading cause of death in persons 15 to 24 years of age and the fifth leading cause in persons 25 to 44 years of age (4). Since 1992, 40000 new HIV infections have been diagnosed annually (5). Statistical modeling suggests that approximately half of HIV-infected persons in the United States acquire their infection by 25 years of age (6). Infection with HIV causes immune deficiency to a large extent by decreasing the level and function of CD4 T lymphocytes. In untreated patients with CD4 cell counts less than 0.200 109 cells/L, the chance of clinical progression or death over 3 years is approximately 86% (7). A higher HIV-1 viral load also predicts faster disease progression (7-10). To update its 1996 recommendations, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a new systematic review of the risks and benefits of testing for anti-HIV antibodies in asymptomatic adolescents and adults (11). Another article in this issue reviews screening in pregnant women (12). Methods The Figure summarizes the analytic framework and key questions for this review. Key question 1 addresses direct evidence on the effects of screening on clinical outcomes. The other key questions address the chain of evidence necessary to estimate the effects of screening on clinical outcomes if direct evidence is insufficient. Appendix A discusses the scope and methods used for this review in more detail. Figure. Screening for HIVanalytic framework for screening asymptomatic adolescents and adults. KQ Briefly, we identified relevant studies from MEDLINE (1983 through 30 June 2004) and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry (2004, issue 2), reference lists, hand searches of relevant journals, and suggestions from experts (Appendix B). We selected studies that provided evidence on the benefits and harms of screening, risk factor assessment, accuracy of testing, follow-up testing, interventions, acceptability of HIV testing, and cost-effectiveness of screening in outpatient settings in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. For interventions, we focused on studies of HAART (14, 15). We also reviewed studies on the effectiveness of counseling on risky behaviors (16) and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections (17). A separate report (13) reviews the effectiveness of other interventions (immunizations, more frequent Papanicolaou testing, and routine monitoring and follow-up). We assessed the internal validity and relevance of included studies using predefined criteria developed by the USPSTF (Appendix C) (18, 19). We rated the overall body of evidence for each key question using the system developed by the USPSTF. We used the results of the evidence review to construct an outcomes table estimating the effects of one-time screening for HIV infection in hypothetical cohorts of adolescents and adults. We calculated numbers needed to screen (NNS) and treat (NNT) to prevent 1 case of clinical progression or death or to cause 1 cardiovascular complication for each cohort. The point estimates and 95% CIs for NNS and NNT were based on Monte Carlo simulations. CD4 cell counts are reported as 109 cells/L; to convert to cells/mm3, multiply by 1000. This research was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality under a contract to support the work of the USPSTF. Agency staff and USPSTF members participated in the initial design of the study and reviewed interim analyses and the final report. Draft reports were distributed to 25 content experts for review. Agency approval was required before this manuscript could be submitted for publication, but the authors are solely responsible for the content and the decision to submit it for publication. Data Synthesis Does Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic Adolescents and Adults Reduce Premature Death and Disability or Spread of Disease? No studies compared clinical outcomes between patients in the general population who were screened or not screened for HIV. Can Clinical or Demographic Characteristics Identify Subgroups of Asymptomatic Adolescents and Adults at Increased Risk for HIV Infection Compared to the General Population? A substantial proportion of Americans report behaviors that could put them at risk for HIV infection (20) (Table 1). A recent U.S. telephone survey (n= 33913) found that 11% of sexually active respondents reported multiple partners within the last year, and 4.2% reported other high-risk behaviors (21). Adolescents (22, 23), men who have sex with men (24), and persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics also report high rates of recent risky behaviors (25). Even in settings with good access to health care, high-risk behaviors often remain undetected (26) or fail to lead to testing despite identification (27). Table 1. Asymptomatic Adolescents and Adults at High Risk for HIV Infection The largest (n= 1281606) U.S. study found that 20% to 26% of HIV-infected people identified at federally funded testing sites reported no risk factors (28). Other studies in a variety of settings indicated that 7% to 51% of HIV-positive patients reported no risk factors (26, 29-36). The rate of HIV positivity in patients reporting no risk factors was lower in low-prevalence (0.1% to 2.0%) than in high-prevalence (5%) sites (0.2% to 0.8% vs. 1.4% to 5.7%) (28). One good-quality prospective study in a sexually transmitted disease clinic evaluated different methods of selective screening, such as screening only persons with reported risk factors, screening those with reported risk factors or those in high-prevalence demographic groups, or screening everybody. In this study, screening only persons who reported risk factors (5.8% of those tested) would have resulted in 74% (79 of 107) missed diagnoses. A broader strategy (70% tested) of also screening persons in high-prevalence demographic groups (black men or persons > 30 years of age) would have resulted in substantially fewer (8%) missed diagnoses (37). Two retrospective studies found that similar selective strategies would have resulted in 33% to 41% of the population being tested and 7% (1 of 14) (38) to 13% (192 of 1474) (39) missed diagnoses. Four U.S. studies in high-prevalence (>1%) settings demonstrated an increased yield after the implementation of routine voluntary HIV screening (40-43). What Are the Test Characteristics of HIV Antibody Test Strategies? The use of repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay followed by confirmatory Western blot or immunofluorescent assay remains the standard method for diagnosing HIV-1 infection (44, 45). A large study of HIV testing in 752 U.S. laboratories reported a sensitivity of 99.7% and specificity of 98.5% for enzyme immunoassay (45), and studies in U.S. blood donors reported specificities of 99.8% and greater than 99.99% (46, 47). With confirmatory Western blot, the chance of a false-positive identification in a low-prevalence setting is about 1 in 250000 (95% CI, 1 in 173000 to 1 in 379000) (48). Three rapid (results available in 10 to 30 minutes) HIV tests are in use in the United States, 2 (Uni-Gold Recombigen, Trinity Biotech Plc., Bray, Ireland, and OraQuick Advance, OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) for true point-of-care testing (49) and 1 (Reveal G2, MedMira Laboratories, Inc., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada) performed in a laboratory. Three good-quality and 10 fair-quality studies evaluated accuracy of rapid tests on blood specimens against standard HIV testing (50-55). Ten were reported in manufacturer inserts (50-52). Most studies reported the accuracy of rapid tests before confirmatory testing because patients may be notified of results before confirmation is available (56). For the OraQuick test, 3 good-quality studies found sensitivities ranging from 96% to 100% and specificity greater than 99.9% (53-55). Three fair-quality studies found sensitivities ranging from 99.6% to 100%, with specificity 100% in all (50). For the Uni-Gold and Reveal tests, 7 fair-quality studies reported sensitivities ranging from 94% to 100% and specificities greater than 99% (50, 52). The positive predictive values for the Reveal and Uni-Gold tests were calculated at 25% to 50% in settings with a prevalence of 0.3% and at 85% to 95% in settings with a prevalence of 5% (57). One good-quality study among 5744 U.S. pregnant women (prevalence, 0.59%) found a positive predictive value of 90% (4 false-positive results) and a negative predictive value of 100% for the OraQuick test using blood (53). Two large (n= 3570 and n= 4442), good-quality studies of the OraSure Oral Specimen Collection Device (Epitope, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon) measured sensitivities of 99.9% and 99.2% and specificities of 99.9% and 99.2% (58, 59). Urine HIV tests generally appear less accurate than standard testing and are not in widespread use in the United States (60-63). A good-quality (n= 1255) study of the only U.S. Food and Drug Administrationapproved home collection kit (Home Access, Home Access Health Corp., Hoffman Estates, Illinois) found that the sensitivity and specificity obtained with use of fingerstick blood spot samples were both 100% compared with standard testing (64). More than 98% of participants in 2 studies obtained adequate samples for testing (64, 65). No studies have evaluated the optimal frequency of HIV screening, which partly depends on the incidence and the prevalence of undetected HIV infection in the group being tested (66). What Are the Harms Associated with Screening? Information on the frequency and consequences (anxiety, labeling) of false-positive test results is anecdotal (67


The applied software of visual design on involute-gear transmission is programmed by making use of the strong computation ability and visual function of MATLAB. The MATLAB programming technology of mechanical design diagrams and visual interface is discussed. Examples validate that it is intuitive, efficient and convenient.


Land use conversion is usually accompanied by a decline in soil organic carbon. This work is aimed to determine the soil organic carbon affected by the multiple land use in a particular soil series. The study was conducted in Ustic Haplohumults soil series of Kottayam district of Kerala including land uses like Cropland, Wetland, Agricultural land, Homestead and Mixed vegetation land. Change in land use induced significant losses of soil and particulate organic carbon. The maximum SOC content (7.39%) was observed in abandoned paddy field which is nearly 89% more than the lowest values of 0.76% recorded from the Homestead soil. Soil carbon sequestration potential of different land uses varies on spatial and temporal basis along with the interplay of environmental externalities. Potential for CO2 production and global warming of various soils was in accordance with C mineralization and this explains the role and capacity of various land use under consideration to store and release carbon. In the present study it was found that the soils of coconut plantation serve as a better system in terms of maximum SOC storage and minimum carbon emission. The present study reveals the significance and importance of specific land use category which is optimal for particular soil series towards soil carbon storage.


In this paper, an approximation iterative model based and a semi-empirical approximation model based on equivalence principle in the terahertz gap are described for predicting the bistatic normalized radar cross section of a homogeneous layer made up of two rough interfaces which have the same profiles. The model of two interfaces can be substituted with one interface by replacing the Fresnel reflection coefficients to equivalent reflection coefficients to get the efficiency improved. This model is valid for thin layer and low incidence angles. Results are presented to validate the model by comparison with iterative physical optics.


The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), earlier considered as the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), is now classified as a benign neoplasm owing to its aggressive nature which includes a high recurrence rate. This case report describes a symptomatic large intraosseous odontogenic cystic neoplasm in the left mandible presenting radiographically as a large multilocular radiolucency and associated with an impacted tooth. The typical clinical and distinguishing histological features of KCOT morphed by the presence of inflammation are discussed here together with an intriguing clear cell component and epithelial theques and their clinical relevance. The newly acknowledged neoplastic potential serving significant role in treatment planning has also been addressed. Various lesions can present intraosseously as large multilocular radiolucencies in the jaws. Histopathological examination remains the mainstay for the diagnosis of such lesions.


Objective To analyze the effect of applying TCM bone setting combined with external fixation for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Methods 104 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture admitted and treated in our hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were selected and assigned to the control group and the observation group according to therapeutic regimes. The control group was treated by open reduction and internal fixation and the observation group was treated by TCM bone setting combined with external fixation. Surgical related indicators and efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results The observation group had significantly shorter operation duration and hospital stay and less intraoperative blood loss than the control group, with statistical significance(P 0.05). The observation group had slightly higher rate of excellent and good therapeutic effects than the control group, without statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion TCM bone setting combined with external fixation has good efficacy for treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with small trauma and low expense. It is recommended to grasp surgical indications and contraindications and surgical opportunity in clinical practice so as to improve therapeutic effects to the largest extent.


Since the importance of human tissue in the research for therapeutics and drug development has been widely recognized, the frequency of human tissue use for research has increased. The Human Science Research Resources Bank (HSRRB) has been established by the Japan Health Sciences Foundation as the first bank of human tissue for research in Japan. This public bank supplies human tissues for medical research to the scientists in Japan. To collect the human tissue for this bank, St. Marianna University School of Medicine has established an in-house institutional bank system as the human tissue supplier. The job clinical research coordinator, and a newly formatted informed consent and masking system of personal information by a special security manager have all been introduced, and high-quality tissue storage was installed for this system. The details of our system is described in the present paper; the problems encountered and countermeasures for such problems are also discussed.


Now-a-days, environmental problem is faced all over the world. The things which are invented and used for our luxurious life are responsible for environmental pollution. Due to improper waste management, we facing land pollution. Land pollution is mainly due to waste plastic. This plastic can be reused or recycled to maintain the beauty of nature. To address this issue, in this paper, the waste plastic is used to make fibres. These plastic fibres were added in various percentages in the M25 grade concrete. This paper describes the performance of plastic fiber reinforced concrete (M25). The experiments were carried out on the specimens like cubes and cylinders which were casted in the laboratory and their behavior under the test was observed. The plastic fibers were added from 0.0 % to 0.8 % . The compressive strengths of concrete were determined after 7, 14 28 and 56 days of curing period. The test results were compared and the relationships between the standard concrete and Fibre reinforced concrete are presented.


The possibility of the direct excitation of surface polaritons (SPs) by the free-space laser fields at the interface of negative-index metamaterial (NIMM) layer and a bottom layer of cold double Lambda-type atomic medium is investigated. The giant field enhancement (up to |E/E0|2≈4.1), together with suppressed ohmic loss of the NIMM layer in a wide transparency window of a double electromagnetically induced transparency, results in the SPs generation. The excitation efficiency of these SPs can be effectively enhanced by applying the unidirectional atomic motion, modulation of the coupling laser characteristics, and using a probe laser with proper incident angle. Based on the special modulation of the driven fields parameters, the group velocity switching of the SPs is observed. In the nonlinear propagation regime of the SPs, a giant Kerr nonlinearity is produced by applying a negative unidirectional atomic velocity. The controllable optical Kerr effect in this coupler-free scheme results in the lossless propagation of the nonlinear SPs. It is revealed that the electromagnetically induced transparencybased system can be used for stable propagation of one-dimensional (1+1)D bright and dark superluminal polaritonic solitons. It is also shown that the proposed scheme could be easily realized in an experiment and hence can be used for various ultrafast optical devices.


Stack research and system issues in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) technology development and commercialization are discussed within context of status of MCFC development and commercialization in US. Status of MCFC development is addressed. Major known fundamental stack research issues remaining for the MCFC technology are identified and discussed. The cathode remains a focal point of performance improvement and cost reduction. The various aspects of MCFC power plant network and systems issues are also addressed and discussed. These include cost, heat loss management, startup and shutdown modes, dynamic response, footprint, packaging and integration, parasitic power losses, pressurization and reforming. Potential of MCFC networks is discussed. With the initial demonstration of full-area, fullheight 250-kW to 2-MW MCFC power plants, the spatial configuration of the MCFC stacks into networks in the fuel cell power plant takes on importance for the first time.


The influence of the background in colour reproduction can be described in colorimetric terms by the use of corrections to the colorimetric scaling factors. This leads to transformation formulae that describe the change of chromatic adaptation, and also to an extended definition of the so-called "colour of the state of chromatic adaptation." The method leads to an improved reconciliation between the specification of colour-rendering properties in both colour photography and multicolour printing and the visual evaluation. Certain problems in colorimetry may also become more easily understandable by the incorporation of such peripheral influences. Whereas the physiologically related scaling-factor corrections are of first-order importance, it is shown that stray-light effects, which are physical contributing factors, are only of the second order.


It advances a model of knowledge conflict process based on knowledge heterogeneity.Knowledge conflict has two paths — benign and malignant.Benign path will evoke the knowledge learning and innovation,and another path will lead intense interpersonal relation and fall of team coherence.The whole process will be affected by the importance and complexity of the conflict,conflict routine,interdependence,and informal communication.At last,it introduces a case study about Zhejiang Yada Group.


let alone doing so in concert with social movements and managing to reach and connect with a critical mass of working class people in the United States and elsewhere. One academic I know, someone with a special interest in the relationships between Latina/Latino and black workers in the South, is a person with a particularly fine ear. She is planning to conduct a series of interviews with working people in areas of the South where immigrants and native-born workers compete for scarce jobs and where corporate restructuring of work in the interests of increased flexibility affects all workers. Her idea is in part to listen acutely to people and the values that they express. She wants to hear the vocabularies they use, the groups with which they identify, and the traditions that draw their loyalty and satisfy their notion of the good and right.4 7 By listening, she hopes to discern how she and others can most effectively write and speak with workers about their opportunities to identify and act when it comes to lines of race, class, gender, and nation. It is not yet clear what the steps past listening might be, but her plan represents one kind of project, something that we might call deep preparatory research, that fits well with the long-haul effort by academics and professionals that I am recommending here. In concluding this essay, it strikes me that I should concede that a reader might well ask whether my soupy call to movement building is nothing but an argument from desperation. When ejected from all formal channels of influence, where else does a person have to go? Looking to the INTEGRATION (2002) (providing a helpful entry point to migration generally and MexicoU.S. migration in particular). For an eye-opening look at Mexico-U.S. migration from a critical Mexican perspective, see RaOi Delgado Wise, Critical Dimensions of Mexico-U.S. Migration Under the Aegis of Neoliberalism and NAFTA, 25 CAN.J. DEV. STUD. 591 (2004). 44. See Peter Dale Scott, Capital Flight Fuels Illegal Immigration, NAT'L CATH. REP. (Kansas City, Mo.), May 26, 2006, at 18. 45. See generally Thomas Clay Arnold, Rethinking Moral Economy, 95 AM. POL. SCI. REV. 85 (2001). 46. See Virginia Abernethy, Environmental and Ethical Aspects of International Migration, 30 INT'L MIGRATION REV. 132 (1996); Graeme Hugo, Environmental Concerns and International Migration, 30 INT'L MIGRATION REV. 105 (1996). 47. For earlier work that involved close listening by this scholar, see Barbara Ellen Smith, Market Rivals or Class Allies?: Relations Between African American and Latino Immigrant Workers in Memphis, in GLOBAL CONNECTIONS, LOCAL RECEPTIONS: LATINO MIGRATION TO THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES (Fran Ansley & Jon Shefner eds., forthcoming 2008). Cornell International Law Journal federal judiciary for immigration reform, for instance, would appear to be delusional in light of the Supreme Court's ugly decision in Hoffman Plastic Compounds v. NLRB4 8 as well as in other cases. 49 In its turn, Congress has proven itself incapable of taking present action on the issue.5 0 Meanwhile, at least among a seriously agitated minority of the citizenry, anti-immigrant sentiment is at a fever pitch,5 1 discouraging progressive policy reform in most state and local arenas. My argument, however, is not born only of the times. In my view, policy is always best imagined, won, and made real when those most affected by its terms are in motion and in full voice. Perhaps the current bleak landscape makes it unusually clear that winning decent political change will require "looking to the bottom." Even if the channels to power were more open to the massive policy changes that I believe are needed, I would still argue that more people like those of us who gathered at Ithaca for this symposium should do immigration policy not from above but from below. Even if Congress were less paralyzed, immigration deliberations in that body would produce unacceptable results unless and until a stronger movement of low-wage immigrants and other working people can exert the political and ideological clout to change the terms of the debate. The movement that is needed-one that reaches beyond a class-purged civil rights frame to embrace a broad and combative vision of economic justice-is necessary both to achieve a decent version of immigration reform and to tackle the many other problems that flow from the development model currently dominating the world economy. We know from other popular movements, not least the African American freedom movement in our own country that touched and transformed so many lives, my own included, that seemingly invincible systems can indeed change, once people find each other and a way to stir. 48. See generally Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB, 535 U.S. 137 (2002). 49. See Christopher David Ruiz Cameron, Borderline Decisions: Hoffman Plastic Compounds, The New Bracero Program, and the Supreme Court's Role in Making Federal Labor Policy, 51 UCLA L. REv. 1 (2003). 50. See Editorial, House of (Immigration) Blues, L.A. TIMES, July 3, 2006, at B14. 51. See Pamela Constable, Klan Leaflets Denounced in Manassas, WASH. POST, Sept. 6, 2006, at B2. Vol. 41


Aerobic capacity (VO2 max) strongly influences biological functions including both liver and brain function. Low aerobic capacity has far reaching impacts with both increased risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous work has shown that poor liver function was associated with decreased cognitive function and increased risk of AD. In addition, diet and lipid metabolism play a critical role in brain health, however, the full relationship between these factors and AD risk needs to be elucidated.


Baidu Map API is widely used in China. cnmapsearch use Baidu Map API to extract the specified information by keyword around the specified location. The keyword and the size of range could be specified by users. Before using this command, a Baidu secret key from Baidu Map API is needed.


In the aftermath of the global economic crisis, macroeconomics is centrestage once again, not only in the industrialized countries or emerging economies but also in poorer developing countries. The focus is on recovery, stability and growth in economies everywhere. For some time now, there has also been an increasing consciousness, if not a growing concern, about human development. The focus is on the well-being of people, ordinary people, but in the developing world alone. It would be reasonable for an economics undergraduate or a concerned citizen to believe that there is a relationship between the state of economies at a macro level and the living conditions of people at a micro level. Yet, a reading of the literature on the two subjects, macroeconomics and human development, suggests that these are two different worlds. The twain almost never meets. The discussion seldom intersects. The debates are separate. Even if this characterization is caricature, or an exaggeration, it does capture a virtual reality. In the conventional discourse on macroeconomics, human development is at best marginal and at worst irrelevant. There are plausible reasons that cannot suffice as an explanation. For macroeconomics, whether theory or policy, the time horizon is the short run, whereas human development is about the long term. More important, perhaps, macroeconomic objectives, which no longer focus on full employment, are different in their concerns and do not address, let alone incorporate, any aspect of human development. Consequently, those concerned with macroeconomic policies neglect, or do not pay sufficient attention to, their implications and consequences for human development. In the unconventional discourse on human development, macroeconomics or its constraints are seldom recognized, even if its consequences are often highlighted. Indeed, this literature is conspicuously silent on the concerns or dilemmas of macroeconomics. This may be attributable in part, but only in part, to different time horizons. The reason, perhaps, is a focus on the ends rather than means which is where the connection with macroeconomics lies. Hence, those engaged with human development, whether Journal of Human Development and Capabilities Vol. 13, No. 1, February 2012


One of the main parameters characterizing workers' health state is transitory disablement morbidity. Among the occupational groups of railway workers in Mongolia, conductors occupy first place in morbidity, with values over 2.4 times higher than an average for all railway workers. Findings are high level of occupational conditionality for cardiovascular diseases (RR = 3.22; EF = 69; c2 = 7.46) and for genito-urinary tract diseases (RR = 4.84; EF = 79; c2 = 20.21), and diseases concerning pregnancy, delivery and post-partum (other obstetric conditions) (RR = 11.85; EF = 92; c2 =.11.21).


A simple, direct, and universal fabrication method for holographic blazed gratings is proposed and a 79 lines/mm holographic echelle grating with 4 μm depth quasi-triangular grooves experimentally demonstrated as an example of a blazed grating fabricated directly by Fourier synthesis exposure. With the method, we converted a periodic grating groove profile into the exposure energy spatial distribution on the surface of a photoresist with the response characteristics of the particular photoresist. Then the exposure energy could be decomposed into a series of sinusoidal functions using Fourier series, and realized by superposing a series of two-beam interference patterns. In contrast with mechanically ruled gratings, the fabrication process of holographic gratings is quite quick and low cost, and especially no Rowland ghosts appear in their dispersion spectrum. The reported work will offer a new approach for blazed grating fabrication with a holographic process.


A genetic algorithm with master-slave structure is proposed. The algorithm is formulated in a form of hierarchical structure. The global search is performed at the master level, while the local search is carried out at the slave level. Through the harmonizing mechanism between master and slave level and special translation function designed for the slave level, the algorithm can execute global exact search without relying on complex coding and genetic operators. The simulation and results from comparison with other algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm


The results of many years of interdisciplinary rescue excavations at the La Tène cemetery in Veliko polje near Zvonimirovo in central Prodravina have considerably enriched the previously meager knowledge of the material remains and spiritual world of the Late Iron Age in northern Croatia. During excavations conducted in the southern section of the cemetery in 1998, the double grave LT 11 was found, which, based on its goods, was dated to the late phase of the Middle La Tène, i.e. the Mokronog IIB phase. Anthropological analysis of the incinerated bones indicates that the remains of a child were interred in the grave, while to burial of a man belong goods such as military equipment and his attire. Upon archeozoological analysis, the incinerated remains of a pig placed as a sacrifice to the deceased were also found.


Medical image analysis is one of the research fields that had huge benefits from deep learning in recent years. To earn a good performance, the learning model requires large scale data with full annotation. However, it is a big burden to collect a sufficient number of labeled data for the training. Since there are more unlabeled data than labeled ones in most of medical applications, self-supervised learning has been utilized to improve the performance. However, most of current methods for self-supervised learning try to understand only semantic features of the data, but have not fully utilized properties inherent in medical images. Specifically, in CT or MR images, the spatial or structural information contained in the dataset has not been fully considered. In this paper, we propose a novel method for self-supervised learning in medical image analysis that can exploit both semantic and spatial features at the same time. The proposed method is experimented in the problems of organ segmentation, intracranial hemorrhage detection and the results show the effectiveness of the method.


This paper questions the role that credit unions play in the Chilean financial system, particularly if they allow financial inclusion. For this purpose, using unique statistical information existing at the CMF, the credit and savings behavior of credit unions' members is studied, with granularity at the individual level. The results indicate that credit unions effectively contribute to financial inclusion, providing financial services mostly to people with low incomes, elderly, women, and inhabitants of small communities, far from the large urban centers.


We modify Schutzenberger's "jeu de taquin" and Knuth's generalization DELETE of the Robinson?Schensted correspondence to apply to unrestricted rather than just column-strict plane partitions. The "jeu de taquin," DELETE, their modifications, and the Hillman?Grassl mapping are essentially equivalent. We extend the combinatorial methods of Bender and Knuth to give an extension of an elegant, unpublished result of Stanley. Our main result is equivalent to the evaluation of the generating function for column-strict plane partitions of fixed shape with parts less than or equal tom. We prove MacMahon's "box" theorem and give a generating function for plane partitions with parts less than or equal tomand the parts below rowrform a column-strict plane partition with at mostccolumns.


To achieve the goal of the Paris Climate agreements, i.e. to limit global temperature increases to as close to 2 deg C above preindustrial levels as possible, the role of fiscal instruments is potentially very important. A global carbon tax, while not likely politically, would be one such instrument. There is great uncertainty about the design of a green financial architecture and the effects of a carbon tax on growth, financial stability and inequality. In this paper, we propose the eIRIN System Dynamics model with heterogeneous agents as a tool to simulate green fiscal and targeted monetary policies, displaying their effects on firms' investments, unemployment, wages, credit market and economic growth. Rooted in a balance sheet approach, the stock-flow model is characterized by heterogeneous agents and sectors that interact through a set of markets. The production function is based on a Leontief function with no substitution of the three production factors (Labour, Capital, and Raw Materials). Simulations show that a green scenario based on the introduction of green sovereign bonds would benefit the real economy (in terms of unemployment and capital) and contribute to financial stability, as a difference from a green scenario based on the introduction of a carbon tax. Also, the green bonds scenario performs better than the business as usual, resource-intensive scenario.


This article explores a "tool" that may be used for the informal phase of negotiations of alliances in emerging markets. Four different partner perspectives of the partners of an alliance are analyzed: how the foreign investor views his own contributions to the venture, how the foreign investors views the local partner's contributions, how the local partners views the contributions of the proposed foreign investor. Three categories of difference in perception are identified. These four perspective and three categories are discussed using the appropriate research findings for relevant literature. The article discusses the implications for business negotiations of the identified perceptual conflicts for international business practitioners, researchers, and policy makers.


The present invention describes a method and apparatus for implementing a virtual tag. The method may include receiving a first digital image data and the virtual marking data to be the first digital image data associated with real-world objects, wherein said first digital image data captured by a first mobile device, and the said virtual tag data comprises metadata received from a user of the first mobile device. The method may further comprise describing the real-world object to generate a first digital signature of the first digital image data, and in response to said generated substantially in real time the digital signature is inserted into said first digital image a searchable index. The method may further comprise storing the association between the virtual and the virtual tag data and tag data inserted into the digital image of the index in the first digital signature in the tag database.


Although it is commonly known that the dominant trend in the development of modern post-industrial society is globalization, today we can already talk about 'glocalization' as a bidirectional process of integration and localization, complementary to the dialectical development of mankind. This process implies the unification of all spheres of social life in a single global space and the isolation of individual regions and ethnic groups as a protective reaction to preserve their uniqueness and identity. The described social trends are now becoming decisive for the development of the education system as the main social institution. Migration processes and related problems of integrating migrants into a new society, preserving the national language and culture, searching for identity – all these phenomena necessitate innovative methodological solutions that should be implemented in the context of learning the Russian language at a multicultural Russian school. The article considers topical problems related to the implementation of the program of teaching the Russian language in a multicultural environment. The authors propose a conceptual definition of a multicultural school. They analyze the pedagogical experience of individual educational institutions developing their own training methods for use in a multicultural environment. This analysis makes it possible to identify socio-adaptive, cultural, psychological and linguistic aspects of teaching Russian in a multicultural school. Along the way, an increase in the psychoemotional burden of teachers working in multi-ethnic classes is noted. Additionally, the effective experience of implementing preschool language training of non-native speakers in the Moscow region is analyzed. In line with the above, the authors review the current situation with regard to teaching the Russian language in the multiethnic regions of Russia through the example of the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia) and Tatarstan. In particular, it is noted that for the regions of the Russian Federation it is methodologically incorrect to use the term "multicultural school", since in the national constituent entities of the Russian Federation there is a special type of "national" school, and a program for studying Russian as a non-native language is also being implemented.


The paper basically studied digital modeling technique and digital designing technique on amusement equipment based on Pro/E, and manufacture the production designing instrument on roller coaster based on Pro/Toolkit.


Stretchable electronics offers a new way for making wearable devices that are unobtrusive and conform to the user's body shape. Electronics manufactured on a stretchable substrate allows integration of electronics into e.g. clothing, disposable patches and wearable accessories while retaining user comfort. This paper presents a LED matrix display manufactured on thermoplastic polyurethane. A 5x17 LED matrix was fabricated with bare die semiconductor LED chips and a reference device with chip scale packaged components. Reliability under stretching is investigated with and without protective measures, namely support adhesive and laminated cover layer. It was found that the bare die samples could withstand no more than 6% strain whereas the packaged components could reach 18%. In a cyclic stretch test the best performance was recorded from a sample laminated with pressure sensitive adhesive, again chip scaled components faring better that the bare dies.


The evaluation of economy benefits of small watershed warping dams system program mainly includes foundation benefit, economic benefit, ecological benefit, social benefit on project construction. The thesis takes this small watershed planning scheme 30- year computation time as object of study ,on its soil conservation benefit, storage benefit, planting benefits and rationalities irrigation benefit, block mud benefit, economic indexes such as flood protection benefits were analyzed and calculated ,for dam system planning scheme of the economic rationality assessment provides evaluation basis. Using natural "catch-basin" concept, the people of loess plateau created warping dam whose role is storing muddy and releasing clearing, intercept sediment and silting farmland, which is a kind of soil and water conservation engineering measures. Since liberation, in the middle Yellow River area has built more than 110,000 warping dams, exceeding 0.3million hm2 place has been silting into dam land and accumulated retard mud 2.1 million tons. Since 1990s, in order to give full play to the operation safety and overall benefit of warping dams, which has formed the construction concept of dam is "in tributaries as skeletons, small watershed as a unit, matching key dam, small and middle warping dams to construction the dam system of gullies"[1]. Further assure the operation safety and the overall benefit of warping dams, which has been brought into full play. A watershed which is in order to limitation of control the flood and sediment to realize the long-term goals of soil and water conservation. Through the field survey and measurement, selected the dam system layout scheme , determinded the engineering construction scheme of the dam system of the river basin, dam system altogether layout 5 key dam (including 3 seats new dams , 2 seats old dam which is need reinforcement ) ,15 seats small and middle warping dams ,and the project under construction will last for 3 years. Basis to the specification requirement, we need evaluation analysis the planning scheme for engineering benefit. Dam system's engineering benefits include foundation benefit, economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit. Basis to the specification requirement, engineering planning after the project implementation produced by the foundation and economic benefit emphatically analyzes, ecological and social benefits are briefly analyzed[2].


In this paper, we propose finite mixtures of multivariate skew Laplace distributions to model both skewness and heavy-tailedness in the heterogeneous data sets. The maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of interest are obtained by using the EM algorithm. We give a small simulation study and a real data example to illustrate the performance of the proposed mixture model.


Phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes are emerging as a new generation of phosphorescent materials showing great potentials in many applications, owing to their unique features including highly efficient phosphorescence, diverse structural/molecular design, and ease of synthesis, structural diversity, rich physical properties (e.g., triboluminescence, stimuli‐responsivity, etc.), high abundance, and low cost. The research on phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes is just in its infancy but rapidly flourishing indeed, and their potential applications are also emerging in many aspects. Herein, the recent progress on the molecular design of new manganese(II) complex‐based materials, mechanism of phosphorescence, photophysical properties, and their representative applications is highlighted, which covers topics such as: i) structural features and photophysics of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes; ii) molecular design strategies of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes (e.g., neutral complexes, ionic complexes, coordination polymers, and other types of complexes); and iii) their emerging applications in the fields of organic electroluminescence, information recording and security protection, temperature sensors. Finally, some perspectives together with future research focus of the field are described.


To the Editor: Hyperprolactinemia and its consequences, including sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, pituitary tumors, and gynecomastia, are potential side effects of many antipsychotics.1 Treatment recommendations include decreasing the dose of the antipsychotic, switching to a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic, or adding medications such as direct-acting dopamine agonists1; however, options are limited with long-acting injectable antipsychotics. A series of reports and clinical trials have shown that the antipsychotic aripiprazole, a partial dopamine D2 receptor agonist, can lower prolactin concentrations and potentially reduce prolactin-related effects (eg, sexual dysfunction) when given with oral antipsychotics.2–5 We report, for the first time, the adjunctive use of aripiprazole for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and associated gynecomastia related to long-acting injectable antipsychotics.

Case 1. Mr A, a 29-year-old man of Indian ancestry with DSM-IV schizophrenia and nicotine dependence, was hospitalized for a suicide attempt in late 2009. Risperidone microspheres 25 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks and oral risperidone 1 mg twice daily were started. He responded to treatment and continued on this regimen; however, prolactin levels were elevated (21.9 ng/mL; reference, 2–14 ng/mL) 3 months later. Oral risperidone was discontinued, but intramuscular risperidone was continued; about 10 months later, prolactin levels were higher, (29.8 ng/mL; reference, 2–14 ng/mL) Two months after this finding, Mr A reported sexual dysfunction and left breast tenderness and redness, with no galactorrhea evident on physical examination. He was prescribed oral aripiprazole 2.5 mg daily, and, after a month, breast tenderness and redness resolved, with no worsening of psychotic symptoms. Prolactin level dropped to 18.6 and 16.3 ng/mL (reference, 3.5–19.4; new reference standards were reported due to a change by the laboratory in the assay to measure prolactin levels) 2 months and 5 months later, respectively. Risperidone 25 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks and oral aripiprazole 2.5 mg daily were continued with no reported symptoms of breast tenderness and with an improvement in sexual function.

Case 2. Mr B, a 58-year-old African American man diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia and cocaine abuse in remission, was treated with fluphenazine decanoate 25 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks starting in 1991 and then with 15 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks starting in 2002. In 2009, he first reported breast tenderness and enlargement with no galactorrhea. He reported worsening of these symptoms in early 2011. Prolactin level in the middle of 2011 was 9.9 ng/mL (reference, 2–14 ng/mL) and then 12.2 ng/mL a week later. Bilateral tender gynecomastia, 3 cm on the left and 2 cm on the right, without galactorrhea was noted after about a month. Serum estradiol, testosterone, human chorionic gonadotropin β, and luteinizing hormone levels were all within normal limits. A trial of oral tamoxifen 10 mg daily was initiated by the endocrinologist, but despite 4 weeks of treatment, the patient reported continued breast tenderness and had a significantly elevated prolactin level (33.2 ng/mL; reference, 3.5–19.4 ng/mL). Four months later, tamoxifen was stopped; prolactin level decreased to 19.9 ng/mL (reference, 3.5–19.4), but breast tenderness continued. That same month, oral aripiprazole 5 mg daily was added to treatment with fluphenazine decanoate. A month later, Mr B reported resolution of breast tenderness and improvement in psychiatric symptoms; serum prolactin level was 12.7 ng/mL (reference, 3.5–19.4 ng/mL). Over the next few months, Mr B reported well-controlled psychotic symptoms without breast tenderness; prolactin concentration was 5.2 and 5.6 ng/mL (reference, 3.5–19.4 ng/mL) after 2 months and 4 months, respectively. However, after 4 months, he reported new breast swelling and tenderness, and the dosage of oral aripiprazole was increased to 10 mg daily. Complete resolution of breast soreness was seen after 1 month.

The majority of reported cases to date have shown that aripiprazole can reverse hyperprolactinemia and related side effects associated with other oral antipsychotics.2–5 A recently published open-label study by van Kooten and colleagues6 found, similar to this report, that aripiprazole given adjunctively with long-acting injectable risperidone can decrease prolactin concentrations.6 However, in that report, none of the participants had symptoms related to hyperprolactinemia. While several studies have shown that aripiprazole can decrease serum prolactin level, serum prolactin level does not correlate with related side effects in men.7 Therefore, it is important to determine if addition of aripiprazole can reverse hyperprolactinemia-induced side effects in addition to causing decreases in serum prolactin. We report, for the first time, that low-to-moderate adjunctive doses of aripiprazole can reverse gynecomastia associated with hyperprolactinemia caused by long-acting injectable antipsychotics.


Abstract Aim: Pregnancy in women of advancing maternal age is linked to incrementally worsening perinatal outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of maternal age on delivery outcome in women that spontaneously labour at term. Methods: This was a retrospective study of women that spontaneously labour at term. Women with singletons in spontaneous onset labour beyond 37 weeks of gestation were divided into five maternal age groups: <19 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years and >35 years by their age at delivery. The main outcome variables are augmentation of labour, caesarean section, assisted vaginal delivery, and perineal trauma, while admission of the newborn into the neonatal unit within 24 h following delivery was the secondary outcome measure. Results: A total of 30,022 met the inclusion criteria with primiparae and multiparae accounting for 46 and 54%, respectively. Increasing age in primiparae was associated with; augmentation of labour OR 2.05 (95% CI 1.73–2.43), second degree perineal tear 1.35 (1.12–1.61), assisted vaginal delivery 1.92 (1.53–2.41) and caesarean section 4.23 (3.19–5.12). While that for multiparae; augmentation of labour OR 1.93 (1.05–3.52), perineal trauma 2.50 (1.85–3.34), assisted vaginal delivery 4.95 (91.82–13.35) and caesarean section 1.64 (1.13–2.38). The secondary outcome measure did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Increasing maternal age is an independent risk factor for operative delivery, and perineal trauma. However, maternal age has no significant effect on admission of infants into the NICU during the first 24 h following delivery.


This paper mainly introduces the method about the system of different global positioning and depth measuring that is applied to the work of settling block to sweep bed in inland river channel, and this method is analyzed and compared with the traditional sweep bed practice.


The system of open-pit mine's production dispatching geographic information system is established by MapInfo software.The information of work equipment's running state is collected by GPS technology automatically,and dispatching instructions to the terminal of work equipment are sent by GPRS communication.The scientific and accuracy of the dispatching work are improved,and the problems of too many kinds of equipment,too much quantity of equipment and difficulties in dispatching coordination in the work site are solved.The practice proves that system of intelligent dispatching can meet the needs of the mining dispatching management.This paper mainly introduces the process of system construction and the evaluation of application effect.


Management models are grounded in three basic pillars: people, processes and technologies.In this scenario, management model is fundamental for business incubators to be able to meet the demands of new entrepreneurs in different areas of their business developments.Therefore, the objective of this article is to map the management models of business incubators both nationally and internationally.For that, the methodology used was integrative review of the literature using the Scopus database and regulations, international and national documents.As result, a limitation has been identified in the models found as they describe the business incubator as a transformation mechanism without making explicitly better management practices for the continuous improvement of the incubated enterprises.


Although the author endeavors to deduce from the text of the Popol-Vuh the characteristics of each period, having in mind the archaeological remains and the surviving practices today subsisting in remote Indian villages, we think that his conclusions are weakened even more when these surviving practices are mostly adduced from only one ethnic branch, that of the Chorti; to be absolutely foolproof these practices should have been studied also in other branches of the Maya family.


rish, and Spish committees) under the Habsburgs rule, as a result of the Uzhhorod Union, appeared an independent Ecclesia localis et particularis graeci ritus uniti.


Introduction: Olfactory changes are frequently shown in Parkinsonian patients and may be related to dysregulation of Dopaminergic control. While studies have suggested that exposure to manganese (M...


We consider a dynamic lot sizing problem with finite capacity for a process that can be kept warm until the next production period at a unit variable cost ω t only if more than a threshold value has been produced and is cold, otherwise. That is, the setup cost in period t is K t if x t−1 < Q t−1 and k t , otherwise (0 ≤ k t ≤ K t ). We develop a dynamic programming formulation of the problem, establish theoretical results on the structure of the optimal production plan and discuss its computational complexity in the presence of Wagner-Whitin-type cost structures. Based on our stuctural results, we present an optimal polynomial-time solution algorithm for k t = 0, and also show that an optimal linear-time solution algorithm exists for a special case. Our numerical study indicates that utilizing the undertime option (i.e., keeping the process warm via reduced production rates) results in significant cost savings, which has managerial implications for capacity planning and selection.


This monographic issue of the periodical "Studj romanzi" is dedicated to the palaeographical method introduced by Armando Petrucci and to the relationships of that wide method of scientific investigation with other branch of knowledge such as romance philology and linguistic


This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on transparency in the oil and gas sector in Lebanon. It examines the role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) – namely, the Lebanese Oil and Gas Initiative, Lebanese Transparency Association-No corruption, and Lebanese Center for Policy Studies – in mitigating corruption risks. It also studies the key petroleum legislation related to countering corruption, and discusses the debate pertaining to the establishment of a National Oil Company and a Sovereign Wealth Fund. While the Oil and Gas sector can be a savior of Lebanon's socioeconomic crisis in the long run, it can also be a resource curse and lead to further corruption if not well-managed. The thesis concludes that building a transparent sector requires the government to establish an overall vision for the petroleum sector, develop policies related to the technical and financial management sides, and accentuate the monitoring role of CSOs against corruption and mismanagement.


Taekyun Shin, D. Weinstock, M. D. Castro, H. Acland, M. Walter , Hyun Young Kim, Meejung Ahn, H. G. Purchase: Neuronal Constitutive and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in the Brains of Listeria monocytogenes-Infected Cattle. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 43-47. Nitric oxide (NO) is important for intracellular signaling and neurotransmission. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders through excess generation of NO. In this study, we examined the expression of both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in Listeria monocytogenes-infected brains of cattle by immunohistochemistry. Microabscesses, focal gliosis, and perivascular cuffing characterized the histopathological changes in the brain in listeriosis. L. monocytogenes antigen was present in the microabscesses and perivascular cuffs. Mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils were the most numerous inflammatory cells in the affected areas of the brainstem. In natural listeriosis, brain cells, including neurons and some neuroglial cells, expressed both nNOS and iNOS. The immunoreactivity of iNOS was more intense than that of the control. In some lesions, inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages) expressed nNOS and iNOS in the microabscesses and perivascular cuffs, while inflammatory neutrophils in the same lesion were not stained with iNOS. These findings suggest that normal bovine brain cells, including neurons and neuroglia, constitutively express iNOS and nNOS, and that there is increased expression of these molecules in L. monocytogenes infections. Furthermore, inflammatory cells, including macrophages, expressing both nNOS and iNOS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningoencephalitis in cattle. Listeria monocytogenes, encephalitis, nitric oxide synthase Nitric oxide (NO) is a readily diffusible, apolar gas, synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (Murphy et al. 1993). The enzyme responsible for NO formation exists in three forms: two constitutive forms, neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). In the brain, the constitutive NOSs are most important in the initial generation of NO in the central nervous system (CNS). NO is important for intracellular signaling and neurotransmission (Moncada et al. 1991; Bredt and Snyder 1992). Besides its expected physiological role, NO is likely involved in CNS disorders, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Van Dam et al. 1995; Cross et al. 1997), bacterial meningoencephalitis (Jungi et al. 1997), and viral encephalitis (Hooper et al. 1995; Van Dam et al. 1995; Iwahashi et al. 1999). Listeriosis is a complementary model of an intracytoplasmic organelle infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of animals (Johnson et al. 1995) and humans (Cooper and Walker 1998). Animals affected by listeriosis show circling behavior followed, in most ACTA VET. BRNO 2001, 70: 43–47 Address for correspondence: Takeyun Shin, DVM, PhD. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Cheju National University, Cheju 690-756, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-64-754-3363 Fax: +82-64-756-3354; E-mail: email@example.com http://www.vfu.cz/acta-vet/actavet.htm


SUMMARY Worldwide, coastal and floodplain wetlands are rapidly urbanizing, making them highly vulnerable to biodiversity loss, biological invasion and climate change. Yet urban wetlands management is an understudied area of global environmental research. Different policy approaches and institutional arrangements in place for urban wetlands governance have to be studied comparatively to obtain a better understanding of the current issues. This paper investigates four urban wetland policy regimes and the application of ecological reference points across four countries. The regimes are discussed within the context of global policy trends, urbanization patterns and environmental change. The analysis illustrates that the four cases deviate substantially in certain characteristics and converge in others. Global trends such as environmental treaties and restructuring of city spaces are common policy drivers for all cases. Conversely, the localized specific problems have yielded specialized policy responses in each case. Declaration of fixed biological reference points for wetlands were not used at any stage of the policy development process. However, the wetland managers formally or informally set up ecosystem-services oriented benchmarks for urban wetland management. Globally-applicable normative policy directives or universal ecological reference points seem bound to fail in urban wetlands governance. However, in designing effective urban wetland policy and institutions at the regional scale, both context-specific and generalized lessons from empirical policy evaluation of multiple case studies need to be jointly considered. Based on the characteristics of the policy regimes analysed in this study, a hypothetical framework for urban wetland policy evaluation is proposed; this has yet to be validated by empirical application to actual cases.


Since its introduction over 50 years ago, nylon has proved a highly useful fibre in the clothing industry. In this article, Les Jacques looks at developments which have been made in nylon fibres to ensure its continuing importance in the industry.


Dengue virus belong to the Togaviridae family of Flavivirus. The serotypes 1,2,3 and 4 induce dengue?s hemorrhagic fever and the shock syndrome in dengue?s patients. Previous studies isolate the virus from peripheral blood of animals and cultured cells. Electron microscopic observations on peripheral blood of 14 patients with serologic evidences of dengue?s virus infection and 5 healthy individuals. Vacuoles in the cytoplasm of monocytes and electron dense viral particles, within cytoplasmic vesicles, were observed. Numerous plasmocytoid cells, atypical lymphocytes and naturally cytotoxic lymphocytes in the samples were examined. Tubuloreticular structures in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes and monocytes due to increased levels of interpheron alpha during the infection were observed. No previous studies on the ultrastructure of human peripheral blood cells during the infection with dengue?s virus, related to the moment of sampling during viremia.


Abstract The article analyzes the process of creating and functioning of two representative organizations of entrepreneurs – the Congress of Mining Industrialists of the South of Russia (1874, Kharkiv) and the Congress of Mining Industrialists of the Kingdom of Poland (1882, Warsaw). Both institutions were a form of activity of the regional economic elites and represented their socio-economic interests. After a comparative analysis of associations of mining industrialists in Ukrainian and Polish territories, the article highlights common features, their structure, forms of activity and representative powers. Based on the research, it was found that, despite strict government control, they played an important role in defending local interests and developing the industry they represent, and the fruitful cooperation of the Miners' Congresses of the South of Russia and the Kingdom of Poland allowed for the implementation of the agreed and, above all, effective pressure on the state authorities of the Russian Empire.


The method for direct synthesis of zinc stearate from stearic acid and zinc oxide in presence of catalyst was studied. The optimum technological conditions were obtained by orthogonal test and verification test as follows. The reaction time was 90min, temperature was 135℃, peroxidate was used as catalyst with amount of 3% to the weight of stearic acid. This process had advantages of short flow, simple process, low cost, and no waste water. The quality of zinc stearate product was accorded with the demands of literature reported.


The need to balance the positive and negative effects of patent monopoly is at the heart of design and reform of the patent system. However, by scrutinizing prior studies on optimal patent design, this paper has found that the basis for this balanced approach is flawed. Furthermore, a macroeconomic analysis of the patent system confirms that there is no trade-off in patent protection, unless the patent system generates only marginal negative effects. Based on this analysis, the paper suggests an alternative patent system design which is able to stimulate innovation directly while minimizing deadweight loss.


Using the methods of literature,video observation and statistics,the authors compared and analyzed the offence with defense conversion ability between Chinese Men's Basketball Team and opponents in the group match of the 29th Olympic game to find the shortage and gap of Chinese Men's Basketball Team's offence to defense conversion ability of and put forward correspond suggestion.


Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis is a rare dermatologic condition characterized by erythematous papules, nodules, and plaques, most commonly on the trunk and limbs. It is commonly associated with comorbidities such as arthritis, autoimmune disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies. In addition, the rash can be medication-induced, which is differentiated by histopathologic results. Diagnosis is confirmed with skin biopsy, and treatment is individualized to each patient. Here we report an 89-year-old man with sudden onset lower extremity interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with the concurrent diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment of the skin lesions was attempted with a combination of steroids, antibiotics, antifungals, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, without complete resolution.


The fluidization characteristics of fine particles have been studied in both the fluidized bed and spouted bed. The effect of different system parameters (viz. static bed height, particle size, particle density and superficial velocity of the fluidizing medium, rotational speed of stirrer, and spout diameter) on the fluidization characteristics such as bed expansion/fluctuation ratios, bed pressure drop, minimum fluidizing/spouting velocity, and fluidization index of fine particles (around 60 micron particle size) have been analyzed. A stirrer/rod promoter has been used in the bed to improve the bed fluidity for fluidization process and spout diameter has been varied for spouted bed. Mathematical expressions for these bed dynamics have been developed on the basis of dimensionless analysis. Finally calculated values of these bed dynamics are compared with the experimentally observed values thereby indicating the successful applications of these developed correlations over a wide range of parameters.


In this paper,the Bellman inequality and some problems concerned are discussed.The important inequality in reference [1] is generalized and a more general form of Bellman inequality under certain conditions obtained Finally,some other relevant problems are also dealt with.


8030 Background: The prospective, multicenter international phase II PTLD-1 trial of sequential treatment (ST, 4 cycles of weekly rituximab followed by 4 cycles of CHOP-21 + G-CSF) in adult CD20-positive PTLD demonstrated excellent efficacy (90% overall response rate, ORR) and safety (11% treatment-related mortality, TRM). As the response to rituximab predicted overall survival (OS), the trial was amended in 2007 introducing risk-stratified sequential treatment (RSST) according to the response to rituximab (NCT00590447). Methods: Following rituximab on days 1, 8, 15 and 22, RSST consisted of 4 3-weekly courses of rituximab monotherapy for patients (pts) in complete remission (CR, low risk) while all others (high risk) received 4 cycles of R-CHOP-21 + G-CSF. Key exclusion criteria were CNS involvement, HIV infection, severe organ dysfunction not related to PTLD, and ECOG > 2. Primary endpoint was ORR. This is an analysis of the first 91 patients treated with RSST. Results: 79/91 pts had monomorphic, 12 pol...


This article is mainly concerned with the treatment of wastewater from an ink production plant. The wastewater is highly contaminated with organic and inorganic matter. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 5200 to 27458 mgO2/l. The end-of-pipe has been treated using two alternatives namely, the first treatment alternative chemical coagulation using ferric chloride (FeCl3) aided with lime, followed by photocatalytic oxidation. The second treatment alternative was direct via heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation using titanium dioxide/ultraviolet (TiO2/UV) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The optimum operating conditions required for photocatalytic oxidation such as contact time, doses of H2O2 and TiO2 were investigated. The results indicated that the direct treatment of raw wastewater using photocatalytic oxidation reduced the COD, total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity up to 81%, 95% and 90%, respectively, while the corresponding residual values were 1700 mgO2/l, 82 mg/l and 100 nephelometric tu...


The commercial vehicle is independent front suspension,the bumper block has limited and buffered function when vehicle is running. Topology optimization of the bumper block is performed with the Opti Struct software,bumper block have been optimized from topology optimization results,and theoretical analysis and test prove the correctness of new structure. To meet the user requirements, the bumper block weight is reduced to realize weight and cost reduction of the automotive.


Properties of naturally deposited soils generally exhibit considerable spatial variation. Apart from possibly explainable or at least detectable average trend or drift, generic type of fluctuations may be part of it. This paper focusses on a Bayesian type of statistical inference which leads to reliable estimates of the scales of fluctuations and yields, and indications of its variances. The procedure is robust, in the sense that numerical instability hardly occurs, contrary to a direct fitting procedure, which has been investigated.


In this paper, we propose a low decay, low bias dataset synthesis framework that models Machine Learning (ML) dataset theory using Python classes and instruction files, and whose simulation results show an 11.58% entropy decrease at classification time relative to state-of-the-art training sets. The demand for signal-domain Neural Networks (NNs) have increased significantly in recent years with respect to the classification of observed radio activity. In particular, there has been a growing interest in choosing appropriate training data in order to enhance NN performance at classification time. Developing ML based signal classifiers requires training data that captures the underlying probability distribution of real signals. To synthesize a set of training data that can capture the large variance in signal characteristics, a robust framework that can support arbitrary baseband signals and channel conditions is presented.


This paper examines to study institutional change of the State Islamic University (SIU), Malang. This study gets some summaries: First, that institutional change of SIU indicates that social sphere of higher education coloured with struggle for implementation of Islamic universality in education field.   Struggle in social sphere of higher education cannot be discharged from spirit of Islam people to make a "more active" social sphere in Indonesia society. Spirit of universalization of Islamic values cannot be discharged from event pushing universitization of SIHE in the early 21 C. Second, successness of institutional change in SIU, Malang because: (a) its elite actors able to mobilize its modalities both economic, social, culture, symbolic, spiritual, political, and leadership capitals; (b) there is braveness from elit actors to put a window of opportunity as institutional actor for implementation of MoU between Minitry of Religious Affairs, Indonesia and Ministry of Education, Sudan by transform State of Islamic College of Malang (SICM) become Indonesia-Sudan Islamic University (ISIU).  This Institutional change from SICM to ISIU, actually as an opportunity transformation from institutional problem toward international problem.


Abstract The paper deals with development of efficient and improved traffic flow model to predict the space mean speed, ūs, in terms of the mean free flow speed, uf, and the density, k. The Greenberg model (which is based on fluid-flow analogy concept)satisfies the boundary condition only at jam density, kj. It violates the boundary condition at zero density, k, in the sense that it can only be attained at infinitely high speeds according to Khisty and Lall [1] and Papacostas and Prevedouros [2]. The intent of this research work is specifically to arrive at an improved version of Greenberg model (CSUF model). The CSUF model will be accomplished by expansion of natural log expression in Greenberg expression and considering only linear terms. The correlation coefficient will then be calculated. Existing experimental results will be used to validate the model. These results will then be compared with the results already existing in the literature from the Greenberg model as well as the Underwood and Eddie model.


Nowadays, the high rate of human population growth and the consequently higher world food supply are general concerns. Moreover, it is completely necessary to meet the demands for food without over-exploiting natural resources. In addition to the above it is important to seek available and economic feed resources for animal nutrition that are not directly used for human consumption. Focusing on the poultry nutrition, traditional sources of protein are soybean meal and animal meal. These feedstuffs are expensive, and are in high demand for many purposes, so insects could be perfectly used as an alternative cheaper protein source for a partial or total replacement in the future. In the literature we found several experiments focusing in insects as feedstuffs. Besides, the interest in insects is growing and research is developing in paralel to the increasing cost of traditional raw materials. Thereby, more information concerning chemical composition of insects, and their availability is needed. The aim of this study was to test the validity of insects as feedstuff for broiler chickens. On the one hand, the nutritional composition of 3 insect species (Tenebrio molitor, Ephestia kuehniella, and Tribolium confusum) was determined with the purpose to assess their potential use in animal nutrition. In dry matter basis the results obtained in crude protein (ranging from 42.47% to 58.77%) and ether extract (ranging from 24.99% to 34.13%) support the idea that they can indeed be used in animal nutrition. On the other hand, a feeding trial was conducted in order to compare the effect of adding larvae of insect species Sitophilus zeamais to the diet on the performance parameters. A total of 36 female broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain were randomly allocated to 12 cages (3 animals per cage) and cages were randomly distributed in 2 treatments (6 cages per treatment). Animals fed the insect-infested diet had higher final body weight (P=0.015) and higher average daily feed intake (ADFI, P=0.015) compared to animals fed the untreated (control) diet. Average daily gain (ADG) was found to be slightly higher, although not quite statistically significant (P=0.083). In addition, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass yield. Furthermore, a microbiological study was also carried out in order to detect pathogens. The results were negative for both Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. These results, led to conclude that insects could be a valid and safe ingredient for their use as broiler chicken feed. Moreover, the recycling role of insects must be considered in early future, mainly because they are able to perform a significant transduction of low amount of nutrients, present in many forms of waste, into a good quality protein as pointed out by several authors.


Since 91 percent of national park visitors come to a park, at least in part, for the natural sounds, analysis of the perceptions visitors have of sound in national parks is extremely significant. In the summer of 2011, several pilot surveys were tested at Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado for their abilities to provide an accurate reflection of visitors' perceptions of the soundscape. The 2011 surveys were modified in various ways to create the current 2013 survey, which uses "pleasantness" of park sound as the main visitor response metric. The testing plan for the 2013 survey is non-labor intensive for respondents and researchers; rather than closely monitoring activities of respondents, and having them closely monitor the sounds they hear, this survey requires respondents to complete a short questionnaire every 30 to 60 minutes and an end-of-hike survey. Much like how day-night sound level (DNL) has traditionally been predicted for a cluster of houses around airports or highways, global sound mea...


Preface. 1. Devices and Device Modelling. 2. Linear Circuit Analysis. 3. Large Signal Amplifiers. 4. Regulated Power Supply Circuits. 5. Digital Electronics. 6. Signals and System I/O. 7. Answers and Solutions. Appendix. Index.


Abstract Employers' associations, and their influence on the economic transformation in Eastern Europe, have been largely ignored. In spring 1994, the Hungarian Parliament passed a law on Chambers which will render three new Chambers the supreme regulating source for all entrepreneurs' licensing, training and economic actions; membership will be compulsory. Drafters of the law claim the Austrian/German system as a model, but it is more reminiscent of the socialist structure of authoritarian/state corporatism. What prompted this development in a society with long exposure to market forces? As old normative patterns disintegrate, associations motivated by financial survival compete with the state for the power to dictate new norms. Co‐evolutionary theory demonstrates the complex interaction of actors at the macro, organizational and micro levels of this competition and how it is translated into policy.


The goal of the present study was to explore the effects of emotions on time perception. More specifically, the effects of three types of stimuli – faces expressing fear (FEF), disgust (FED) and pictures of disgusting food (PDF) – were compared using a temporal bisection task. The results showed that, compared to FEF, time intervals seem significantly shorter when participants are exposed to PDF. However, no other differences were found between conditions. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in Weber ratio (WR) between all of the conditions.


After careful consideration of the article by Mr. Alexander Lyall (from the Royal Infirmary, Greenock) on ' Myanesin in Anaesthesia,' (Glas. med. J., 1947, 28 : 313), the undersigned feel that it should not be allowed to pass without comment. The impression left by the article, and emphasized in the discussion, is that here is the drug which is to solve the problems of the occasional or ' relatively inexperienced '


This numerical study focuses on verification and validation of turbulent multiphase flow simulations, particularly flows within the gas/liquid stratified flow regime. It has been identified that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of such flows available in the literature do not demonstrate sufficient criteria and techniques for examining grid convergence, nor do they offer a sufficient comparative study amongst existing Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling approaches. The present numerical investigation demonstrates the possibility of utilizing the Richardson extrapolation and the calculation of the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) to confidently select an appropriate grid size. The method of selecting an appropriate computational mesh is feasible, and the motivation for conducting such research is necessary before performing simulations for turbulent multiphase flows. Additionally, the different capabilities and limitations of RANS turbulence models available for multiphase flows have been assessed in the present study.


The labile binding site of C3 was first described by Muller-Eberhard et al. in 1966.' The binding site was not found in native C3 or in preformed C3b. However, when native C3 was incubated with erythrocytes bearing the surface-bound C42 enzyme, the C3-convertase of the classical activation pathway of complement, conversion of C3 and C3b took place and was accompanied by the specific binding of a fraction, about lo%, of the C3b on the cell surface. The majority of the C3b generated was found in the fluid phase with the binding activity lost. Thus, it was concluded that a potential binding site must reside in native C3 and it is activated upon the enzymatic conversion of C3 to C3b. The activated C3b, which will be referred to as C3b* in this article, either binds to the cell surface or loses its binding capacity upon the decay of the binding site. Further workshowed that the decay of the binding site occurs at a rather fast rate. Fluid-phase C 42, which had the capacity to convert native C3 to C3b,* did not promote the binding of C3b to bystander cells at any detectable level.' An important conjecture was made accordingly: C3 activated on the surface of one cell either binds to that cell or is inactivated in the fluid phase, but it cannot bind to other cells in the proximity; C3b+ will become inactivated in the fluid phase to C3b before it can reach, by diffusion, to bystander cells. This concept provided us with the understanding of how the complement system can specifically attack foreign cells, which in some cases are similar to cells of the host. Foreign cells, which activate the classical' and/or the alternative' pathways of complement, focus the binding of C3b to their own surfaces. Host cells, which do not activate the complement pathways, are free from the binding of C3b and subsequent complement-mediated activities such as attack by the membranolytic unit of complement6 and complement-mediated phagocytosis.' How does C3b interact with foreign cells of different forms and origin, especially when these cells are defined only with respect to the host and are therefore, in effect, cells of all varieties? One would like to formulate a generalized mechanism to describe the binding activity of C3. This mechanism, however, must account for the binding of C3b to surfaces ranging from the membranes of erythrocytes' and other mammalian cells,' the cell walls of bacteria' and yeast: and immune complexes,'o,'' to totally


Abstract : During the Vietnam War and the years following, there has been a contentious debate regarding the nature of the conflict. Some proponents argue it was an insurgency while others claim it was a conventional war, with each side advocating the implementation of either a counterinsurgency or conventional strategy. Both sides are correct in their assessment because both an insurgency and a conventional war existed inside South Vietnam. When General Creighton Abrams took command of the Military Assistance Command-Vietnam (MACV) following the 1968 Tet Offensive, he enacted a One War Strategy designed to combat both the insurgency and conventional war. II Field Force-Vietnam executed the One War Strategy inside Military Region 3. From early 1969 until its departure in 1971, II Field Force conducted full-spectrum operations. Its four lines of effort (advisor mission, combat operations, pacification, and Vietnamization) incorporated offensive, defensive, and stability tasks. During this period, the corps successfully secured Saigon, interdicted North Vietnamese Army units infiltrating into Military Region 3, destroyed the Viet Cong insurgency, trained the South Vietnamese Army's III Corps, and redeployed itself back to the United States. II Field Force successfully waged both a counterinsurgency and major combat operations inside South Vietnam's Military Region 3.


Objective Try to explore the features in time and place of inpatients' accidentally falling-down,provide some measures for prevention and care treatments.Methods 37 falling-down events by inpatients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Most of those accidents happened from midnight to 8 o'clock in the morning,the accident-rate was 51.35%.Most of the incidents took place near the bed and in toilet,the oc currence rate was 56.76% and 29.73% accordingly.Conclusion To effectively prevent the occurrence of accidentally falling-down,we should improve a better way to distribute human resource for nurses and provid better environment.Further more,we can make patients,their families and accompanied people well educated by healthy guidance.


A study was made on milk from three dams and serum from their 28 pigs for the relationship of antibodies capable of neutralizing or causing hemagglutination inhibition of swine influenza virus. Both neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were present in the colostrum of the dam in high titer, but the titers dropped considerably during the first four weeks. Thereafter the rate of loss was less rapid. Neither antibody was found in the serum of the newborn pig prior to nursing, but both-were present in the serum in high titer within 30 hours. The loss of titer in the serum after 30 hours was gradual over an 8-week period.


Although a well-corroborated scientific theory, the theory of evolution has continued to cause dilemmas for some individuals who have not easily been able to accommodate the concepts of this theory within their "cognitive culture." The reason lies in the overlap of some ideas that the theory advocates with other social, epistemological, and religious beliefs. This study describes how 11 college biology students who completed a course on the theory of evolution perceive the relationship among their epistemological beliefs about science, their beliefs about religion, and their perception of nature and causality and their position regarding the theory of evolution. It also compares the different positions of the students to that of the course instructor. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the data and identify the various positions of the students and course instructor. The students' positions ranged from complete acceptance to complete rejection of the theory of evolution. The results suggest that students' personal beliefs should not be dismissed or underestimated when teaching the theory of evolution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 395–419, 2008


Almost thirty years ago, CSCW published an article written by Joan Greenbaum detailing how and why CSCW should consider the framing of "labor" over "work" in researching and designing information systems [17]. This argument is especially salient in the present day, with the increasing wariness of algorithmically-mediated monitoring, surveillance, automation, and management in work processes. Despite its salience, Greenbaum's paper has had relatively low engagement in CSCW so far. As such, this workshop responds to Greenbaum's call-to-action, asking: 1) Where is CSCW research now in thinking about "work" vs. "labor" in designing systems? and 2) How can we support emerging CSCW scholars in grounding themselves in theories of work that includes—if not centers—a labor-oriented economic frame? Following a Freirean pedagogy model of social action involving a cycle of reflection and action, this workshop will aim to generate a critical consciousness around labor issues in CSCW. Ultimately, by crafting individual commitments to labor, this workshop will aim to contribute to a more worker-centered future.


We measure the branching ratios of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:1) K (cid:1) and (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:2) 0 K (cid:1) relative to the Cabibbo-favored decay modes (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) and (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:2) 0 (cid:1) (cid:1) to be 0 : 044 (cid:2) 0 : 004 (cid:3) stat : (cid:4) (cid:2) 0 : 003 (cid:3) syst : (cid:4) and 0 : 038 (cid:2) 0 : 005 (cid:3) stat : (cid:4) (cid:2) 0 : 003 (cid:3) syst : (cid:4) , respectively. We set an upper limit on the branching ratio at the 90% confidence level for (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:1) K (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:5) of 4 : 1 (cid:6) 10 (cid:5) 2 relative to (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) , and for (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:2) 0 K (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:5) of 2 : 0 (cid:6) 10 (cid:5) 2 relative to (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:2) 0 (cid:1) (cid:1) . We also measure the branching fraction for the Cabibbo-favored mode (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:2) 0 (cid:1) (cid:1) relative to (cid:1) (cid:1) c ! (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) to be 0 : 977 (cid:2) 0 : 015 (cid:3) stat : (cid:4) (cid:2) 0 : 051 (cid:3) syst : (cid:4) . This analysis was performed using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 125 fb (cid:5) 1 collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC.


Purpose. Consider the principles as methodological aspects of the geospatial organization of the tourist environment of the city of Kiev, which includes the specifics of tourism activities in the capital city, factors of formation and methodological features of the formation of the tourist environment. Methodology. Analytical, historical, graphical and systematic methods of scientific research are used. Approbation. The main conceptual issues of the geospatial organization of the tourist environment in the capital city were studied by domestic scientists (M. Boyko, Yu. Zabaldina, A. Mazaraki, S. Melnichenko, I. Smirnov, T. Tkachenko and others) and found their place in the previous works of the author of this article . Scientific novelty. The relationship between tourism service providers and their consumers is dictated by the presence of modern approaches and methods of forming the tourism environment. Today, theoretical, methodological and practical studies of the process of tourism development in the capital city are debatable, given the fact that theoretical structures have not yet been clearly formed in the scientific literature that would make it possible to formulate the main components of relationships in the tourism environment. In this article, the author proposes to consider the theoretical aspects of the geospatial organization of the tourist environment in the capital city, which has a developed social, economic, political and infrastructural system, which makes it possible to consider it as a model of the geospatial organization of tourism. Practical significance. The article raises debatable issues related to the realities of modern life of people within the framework of innovative approaches to the activities of the tourism sector in Ukraine, with its problems, challenges and practical solutions. The materials of the publication can be used during the educational process in higher educational institutions that train specialists for the Ukrainian tourism industry, the practical activities of tour operators and agencies, in the process of work of departments and professional institutions involved in the tourism system of providing services or the processes of studying issues of introducing innovative technologies in the tourism sector of Ukraine.


Abstract A prospective surveillance of hospital acquired infection in Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Khon Kaen Hospital. The aim of this study is to find out the nosocomial infection. The data was collected between 1 st October 1990 – 30 th September 1991. There were a total of 344 PICU discharges during this period. Total death were 137 (mortality rate = 39.83 per 100 patient discharges). Hospital acquired infections were found in 92 cases (26.74%). This accounted for 147 episodes of infections (1.6 episodes per patient). The most common infection was pneumonia 46 infections (31.30%). The overall mortality rate of hospital acquired infections was 12.5 percent of the cases. The mortality rate was the highest in cases with septicemia 65.12%, followed by pneumonia 34.88%. The most common organisms was Klebsiella pneumoniae 40.21% of all organisms.


This paper describes isothermal precision forging processes of a magnesium‐alloy upper housing. A model test using pure lead and FEM simulation were carried out to study the forming processes. Several technological methods were employed to reduce the forging pressure or to improve the die fill in the experiment. Isothermal precision forging, combined die structure and local loading method were used to form the upper housing. In order to improve the quality of product, preforming, final forging and coining steps were adopted. The experimental results show that isothermal precision forging is a reliable method to produce the upper housing.


Most experiments on thermal oxidation of cobalt have shown the parabolic growth rate consistent with the diffusion of cations through neutral cation vacancies. Here, we present experimental results on the oxidation of Co metal by low-energy oxygen bombardment at room temperature, which scales with the dose of implanted oxygen, Φ, as Φ1/6. This type of oxide growth, predicted theoretically for diffusion of cobalt cations by doubly charged cation vacancies, has not been observed previously in thermal oxidation of Co. Our results demonstrate that oxidation of Co, which involves formation of both monoxide, CoO, and spinel, Co3O4, oxide structures, can be indeed driven by doubly charged vacancies, as predicted theoretically, when oxidation conditions enhance both the production of point defects and the mobilities of cobalt cations and oxygen anions within cobalt oxide.


This paper describes a novel intrusion detection method based on fuzzy reasoning drived by neural network (NN). In order to overcome the difficulty of specifying the membership functions of rules depending on experiences of experts in multi-dimension space, neural network is introduced to distinguish non-linearly input/output characteristics of complex system and to generate rule sets and membership functions automatically. The NNs in this experiment are trained using data generated artificially, eliminating both problems, which are the facts that A BP NN is initialized randomly and must undergo" supervised learning" before being used as a detector and that obtaining training data with knowledge of the desired output for each input vector. The technique demonstrated in this experiment appears to be sensitive and robust, moreover, which is able to detect unknown attack and plays down false alarms and missing alarms.


The compositions of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of 50 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars which have been popularized in Guizhou province during recent 50 years were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The quality score at Glu-1 was calculated for each cultivar using the quality rating system described by Payne et al (1987). The results showed that the HMW-GS compositions of 50 cultivars were abundant, and 12 subunit patterns and 16 subunit combinations were detected in these cultivars. The mean quality score in 50 cultivars was 6.9, ranging from 5 to 10. The mean quality score in 28 cultivars which had been bred in Guizhou province was 6.3, ranging from 5 to 8, which was lower than that of whole Chinese-grown wheat cultivars. The frequency of 5+10 subunit among them was 17.9%, while the mean quality score in 22 introduced cultivars was 7.7, ranging from 5 to 10, the frequency of 5+10 subunit in introduced cultivars was 42.9%. Moreover, 14 cultivars carried 5+10 high-quality subunits, 7 cultivars carried 2~* subunit and 2 cultivars carried 17+18 subunits were screened for application in the quality breeding program. The strategy and method of the quality breeding in Guizhou was also discussed in the paper.


The article examines how organizations that are permanently embedded in competing institutional logics hybridize such logics at the organizational level. The factors that determine organizational s...