I am delighted to write the editorial for the third issue of IIER for this year. The journal is enjoying much interest and increased submissions from national and international education scholars, who are working on a range of research issues and problems. A topic that has long captured my interest is the disparity of experiences of people's social and professional lives and the stability of traditional educational practices. This interest was reignited recently as I cleaned out a cupboard filled with old manuscripts and floppy discs (!!!) dating back to my PhD work. Incidentally, I also received my son's 2011 National Assessment Program – Language and Numeracy (NAPLAN) test results in the same week. The rapidly changing ways we do things today compared to only a decade ago are signalling the importance of information communication technologies (ICTs) in modern life based on convenience, speed, and (cost) effectiveness. This is in stark contrast with the ways in which our children are still experiencing school education. The discrepancy between modern life on the one hand, and school education practices on the other hand is, so it seems to me, an illustration of perceive to be a long-standing problem in much of Western school and teacher education. The interplay between professional, cultural and social change practices and outcomes and the stability of school education practices and valued outcomes is likely to affect the prospects of future knowledge workers in significant ways. The tension that is created between the 'master narrative' (sometimes referred to as grand narrative), which is represented by the ways in which many teachers teach and school students are made to learn 'the curriculum content', and the ways in which this practice could affect the learning of 21st century knowledge and skills is the focus of this editorial. Sitting by an open cupboard and sifting through long forgotten papers, I revisit the captivating writing of the French philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard (1984), who introduced the term 'master narrative'. This, he argued, is a normative procedure, more often than not implicit to a particular culture or way of life that specifies and controls social practices and inscribes them with values. Hence, the 'master narrative' of school and teacher education provides a script for 'good teaching' and 'good learning' in a stable, homogenous environment constructed by the dominant group in Western school education. disregarding the possibilities that ICTs provide for education and educational research, …


This essay is a survey of the main econometric approaches to estimation of the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models widely used by central banks and federal reserves. The paper discusses in detail the main econometric problems arising in inferences about the parameters of the log-linearized DSGE models. We examine three main estimation approaches: the minimum distance method, the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian approach. We focus on the problems of weak identification that are due to scarcity of macro data. The issues of economic modelling and methods of solving dynamic models are beyond the scope of the current essay.


Epidemiological studies have reported an association between obesity and increased incidence of ocular complications including cataract, yet the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Previously we had demonstrated accumulation of sorbitol in the lens of obese rats (WNIN/Ob) and more so in a related strain with impaired glucose tolerance (WNIN/GR‐Ob). However, only a few (15–20%) WNIN/Ob and WNIN/GR‐Ob rats develop cataracts spontaneously with age. To gain further insights, we investigated the susceptibility of eye lens proteins of these obese rat strains to heat‐ and UV‐induced aggregation in vitro, lens opacification upon glucose‐mediated sorbitol accumulation ex vivo, and onset and progression of cataract was followed by galactose feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The results indicated increased susceptibility toward heat‐ or UV‐induced aggregation of lens proteins in obese animals compared to their littermate lean controls. Further, in organ culture studies glucose‐induced sorbitol accumulation was found to be higher and thus the lens opacification was faster in obese animals compared to their lean littermates. Also, the onset and progression of galactose‐ or STZ‐induced cataractogenesis was faster in obese animals compared to lean control. These results together with our previous observations suggest that obesity status could lead to hyperaccumulation of sorbitol in eye lens, predisposing them to cataract, primarily by increasing their susceptibility to environmental and/or physiological factors. Further, intralenticular sorbitol accumulation beyond a threshold level could lead to cataract in WNIN/Ob and WNIN/GR‐Ob rats. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5):472–478, 2013


Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference Systems (ANFIS) both analytical methods are used to predict the values of Atterberg limits, such as the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. The main objective of this study is to make a comparison between both forecasts (SVM a ANFIS) methods. All data of 54 soil samples are used and taken from the area of Peninsular Malaysian and tested for different parameters containing liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index and grain size distribution and were. The input parameter used in for this case are the fraction of grain size distribution which are the percentage of silt, clay and sand. The actual and predicted values of Atterberg limit which obtained from the SVM and ANFIS models are compared by using the correlation coefficient R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE) value.n The outcome of the study show that the ANFIS model shows higher accuracy than SVM model for the liquid limit (R2 = 0.987), plastic limit (R2 = 0.949) and plastic index (R2 = 0966). RMSE value that obtained for both methods have shown that the ANFIS model has represent the best performance than SVM model to predict the Atterberg Limits as a whole.


By means of a 'trio-ethnography' exercise, three teachers use observations from current schools and compare them with the school they experienced in their childhood and their ideal one. They take two situations from a school day (entering the centre, entering the classroom) and they try to identify situations and moments where bodies are present at school. This triple contrast allows them to understand ideas and reflections upon bodies' schooling within a changing system that, in turn, tries to be overcome by the authors. Throughout a narration, the text suggests new personal stories dealing with issues such as physical marks due to the rupture with the family protection environment, schooled bodies, silenced, targeted and routined bodies, exposed bodies, castigated or harassed bodies, or confident and unconfident bodies.


An oval cross-sectional-area twin jet were studies experimentally studied under constant heat flux conditions to clarify the effect of both Zn-water nanofluid along with such oval twin jet on the thermal characteristic and provide the lack data in such field. The validation was conducted with comparable study and it showed acceptable deviation. The emerged results referred to that the Nusselt number is remarkably increase as the nanoparticle concentration, Reynold number and the distance between nozzles increase. The higher enhancement was found to be 2.1% at high Reynold number value (Re=1000), S/D=5 and nanoparticle concentration ϕ=0.5.


The study identified the levels of pollution such as turbidity, chloride, silica, solids and E-coli in potable water at the point of treatment in Eleyele treatment plant and at various points in the consumer premises, some distance away from the treatment plant to ascertain the quality of water in the pipe distribution network within Ibadan city. Water samples were collected at eleven different locations and subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological tests and analyses. The results showed that the physical and chemical quality of Eleyele water works compete favourably with international standards such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO) but the bacteriological quality was suspect. Deterioration in water quality with respect to bacteriological quality in the distribution network could be as a result of pipe rust, and old age, leading to constant pipe leakages and burst wherein the E-coli contaminated water infiltrated into the pipe distribution network. In order to avoid E-coli contamination, the study recommends that maintenance of water pipe distribution networks should be planned, implemented and controlled at the same optimum level and operation as for the treatment facilities and the protection of the water source in order to meet international standards.


Walter Pater is often criticized for claiming that the aesthete is a solipsist and that art exists for its own sake. However, an analysis of Pater's intellectual ties at Oxford and of his essay "Winckelmann" reveals that Pater actively questions aesthetic autonomy as theorized by German idealists. Skeptical of Hegel's argument that art offers access to a sense of freedom, Pater asserts that aesthetic experience emphasizes our subjection to a material world of sensation. This challenge to the liberal individualism of German aesthetics has been overlooked by politically oriented interpretations of Pater's work that focus on his queerness.


There are developmental fault structures,complex geological environment,strong human engineering activities in the territory of Nanzhao county,resulting landslides,collapses,mudslides and other geological disasters in this region frequently occur,which have a serious impact on local people's production and living and economic development. In this paper,the interpretation of remote sensing,ground mapping,field survey,detailed exploration and laboratory tests and other means have been taken combined to carried out large-scale detailed investigation of geological disasters in the area,software such as mapgis has been used at the same time to vector and coupling analyze the field survey results. So that we have a comprehensive understanding of the development of geological disasters. The number of geological disasters developed in the area are totally 232,including 92 collapses,75landslides,52unstable slopes,5mudslides and 8ground subsidence,the main type of geological disasters is collapse,landslides and unstable slopes. This paper has combined the topography,geological structure,soil type,rainfall conditions and engineering activities and other conditions to analyzed the relationship between the development of the geological disaster and the geological environment,gotten a comprehensive and systematic understanding about geological disasters' forming and the law of development and distribution,meanwhile provides a strong support for economic development and geological disaster prevention planning.


The United Nation agreed to adopt the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) until 2008 to solve the significant differences enough to result in different labels or MSDS for the same chemical in different jurisdictions. Though the GHS is an ideal solution in the respect of pursuing only one format of a MSDS throughout the world, it may cause confusion at the beginning due to lack of information. So the Korean Ministry of Labor (MOL) revised the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA) and related public notice on the classification & labelling of chemicals according to the GHS in 2006. The transition period for the implementation of the GHS for substances was set until Jun 30, 2010, and for mixtures until Jun 30, 2013. To promote the implementation of the GHS in Korea, we developed an application program for constructing MSDS database and a management program for providing MSDS contents on the web in accordance with the GHS. We analyzed the sixteen sections of MSDS by the GHS guideline, and the result showed the necessity to construct logically connected DB for chemical identifier, hazard classification, label, standard phrases and regulatory information. Each section of a MSDS was divided into sub-databases to update the database efficiently. According to Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), the sub-databases were automatically assembled and subsequently a full MSDS is produced. At present, MSDS database for 6,314 substances has been built and provided through internet as the MSDS Editing program. During the service period from January 1 to March 31, 13,666 users have searched MSDSs for 33,401 substances. During program review, some comments about the classification results and other MSDS element sources were reported but no technical bug reported. We expect that the MSDS DB management system in accordance with GHS will accelerate the implementation of the GHS in Korea.


The article presents results of study of bactericidal properties (bactericidal, phenol and temperature factors, protein index) new disinfectant preparation "FAG". As a result of the carried out researches it is established that the product "FAG" for those abilities meet the requirements that apply to new means of disinfection and is promising for use in veterinary medicine.


The accurate segmentation of the bone from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the hip is important for clinical studies and drug trials into conditions like Osteoarthritis. This paper presents an automatic segmentation scheme that utilises a deformable model robust to different field of views by training shape priors from partial and full bone surfaces. The deformable model with these priors were used to segment the hip joint within 16 unilateral 3T MR images having different field of views, so that parts of the model outside the image could be ignored fully without affecting the accuracy of the segmentation within the image. Mean and median Dice's Similarity Coefficients of 0.91 & 0.92 for the femur and 0.86 & 0.88 for one half of the pelvis were obtained using a leave-one-out approach.


Background/Aim. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular
 dystrophy (BMD) are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. They are
 X-linked recessive diseases, where males are affected and females are mostly
 healthy carriers of the mutation. It is estimated that 2/3 mothers of DMD
 probands are carriers, while 1/3 of patients have de novo mutations. The aim
 was to confirm the carrier status of females in the families of DMD/BMD
 probands, using direct genetic methods. Methods. We tested 38 females from
 31 families of DMD/BMD probands with deletion/duplication in the dystrophin
 gene. Also, 4 cases of prenatal diagnosis of DMD/BMD were included. We
 preformed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the multiplex
 ligation-dependent method (MLPA) for deletion detection, i.e.
 deletion/duplication in the dystrophin gene. Results. In 31 DMD/BMD
 probands, we identified 87.1% deletions and 12.9% duplications of one or
 more exons. Of the 29 tested mothers, mutations were found in 17 (14
 deletions and 3 duplications). Mutations were found in 57.9% (11/19) mothers
 of DMD and in 60% (6/10) mothers of BMD, respectively. Also, in probands
 with deletions 56% (14/25) of mothers were carries and in probands with
 duplications 3 mothers of 4 (75%). Of the 9 other female relatives,
 mutations were found in 4. In prenatal diagnosis, we identified deletion in
 one male and one female foetus of one mother. Conclusion. The study showed
 that mothers were carriers in almost 60% of sporadic cases of DMD/BMD with
 deletions and duplication. Also, the carrier frequency tended to be higher
 in mothers of the probands with duplication (75%) then in probands with
 deletions (56%). In the case of a mother who was confirmed as a carrier,
 deletion was detected in 2 of 3 foetuses.


A growing interest in e-Government practices is currently expressed within public administrations. This paper describes the evolution of our study in the field of impacts of digitization on the management of administrative procedures. We present a full description of the methodology used, the assumptions and the analysis model on which our study is based. Due to its complexity and its interdepartmental characteristic, the building permit procedure is selected to be the representative administrative process of concern. As Swiss public administrations is the central subject of our research, a description of the relevant legal framework of the country is presented. Specifically, the case study of the Canton of Valais is described in detail. The experience gained from the semi-structured interviews conducted for this case study is exposed


Anxiety disorders are currently the leading mental illness in the United States. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by both intense cognitive abnormalities, such as worry and intolerance of uncertainty, and physiological responses, such as a tight chest or increased heart rate. Although the diagnosis of GAD is becoming more prevalent, if the diagnostic criteria found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V (DSM-V) were relaxed, the diagnoses of GAD would approximately double. There is a large subclinical population of individuals who have anxiety symptoms that disrupt daily functioning but may not meet every diagnostic criterion, therefore never warranting a clinical diagnosis. The current paper reviews literature suggesting that individuals with clinical or subclinical levels of GAD display abnormal neural circuitry, suggesting that the two groups are more alike than they are different. Intuition guts.indd 85 11/13/19 10:22 PM 1 Muir: The Spectral Nature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019 86 Anxiety disorders are currently the leading mental illnesses in the United States, where 33% of the population are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder at some point during their lifetime (Bandelow & Michaelis, 2015). Anxiety is currently defined by a variety of emotional and personality traits such as worry, fear, stress, expecting negative outcomes, and rumination over perceived severity of negative outcomes (Donnellan, Moran, Moser, Schroder, & Yeung, 2013; Gu, Yu-Xia, & Yue-Jia, 2010). Anxiety disorders can be debilitating as worry can sap time and energy, and somatic symptoms detract from daily activities (Alvarez et al., 2012; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013; Arkin, Cornwell, Grillion, & Vytal, 2012). In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5), there are 12 different diagnoses listed under the general term of anxiety disorder (APA, 2013; Banich et al., 2016). These diagnoses include social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Generalized anxiety disorder is currently one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders in the United States (Alvarez et al., 2012). Due to the prevalence of GAD, it is essential to understand the etiology and maintenance of the disorder in order to adequately treat the various symptoms that disrupt daily life. In order to receive a diagnosis of GAD, an individual must have experienced worry over a period of at least six months, accompanied with feelings of inability to control the worry (APA, 2013). Additionally, the individual must have also experienced various somatic symptoms (i.e., increased heart rate, muscle tension) associated with the anxiety (Alvarez et al., 2012; APA, 2013). Although the diagnosis of GAD is prevalent, the criteria found in the DSM-V is especially stringent and may not capture every individual who is experiencing anxiety symptoms that disrupt his or her daily functioning (Chiu et al., 2007; Cramer, Dobos, Gass, Haller, & Lauche, 2014; Wittchen, 2002). Many individuals still experience the symptoms of GAD but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for an official diagnosis. If the criteria for GAD found in the DSM were to relax, such as the length of time over which worry must be experienced Dimensions of Anxiety Intuition guts.indd 86 11/13/19 10:22 PM 2 Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology, Vol. 14 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 8 https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition/vol14/iss1/8 87 before receiving a clinical diagnosis, the prevalence of GAD would approximately double (Chiu et al., 2007; Cramer et al., 2014). These individuals have anxiety at a subclinical level because their symptoms are neither severe enough nor long enough to warrant a formal clinical diagnosis, but they are still experiencing a disruption of daily functioning. It is important to separate individuals who have anxiety-like symptoms for a short amount of time due to stressful life events from people who have chronic bouts of anxiety symptoms (Abe et al., 2018; Chiu et al., 2007). However, those who have chronic bouts of continuous anxiety symptoms can either be individuals who constantly have anxiety (i.e. individuals diagnosed with GAD) or individuals who have anxiety that comes and goes for extended periods of time (i.e. individuals with subclinical generalized anxiety). Previous literature has often focused on either healthy subjects or clinical populations, therefore ignoring the spectral nature of many psychopathologies including GAD (Besteher, Dietzek, Gaser, Langbein, & Sauer, 2017). Because anxiety disorders are spectral in nature, it has become increasingly important to understand a range of symptomatology through individuals with a clinical diagnosis and those without in order to understand the true etiology of the disorder (Besteher et al., 2017; Dannlowski et al., 2012). If research can parse out individual causes for anxious traits in psychiatrically healthy subclinical groups, understanding GAD populations may become easier as these two populations share characteristic difficulties (Chiu et al., 2007). As individuals with subclinical anxiety and individuals with diagnosed GAD may share core symptomatology, more fully understanding the subclinical populations will also lead to a better understanding of individuals diagnosed with GAD. One symptom present in both subclinical generalized anxiety and GAD is altered brain functioning. One example of altered brain functioning is error monitoring. Error monitoring, or the ability to detect and react to mistakes, is essential for adapting to one's surroundings in an appropriate manner (Dieterich, Riesel, & Weinberg, 2015). For example, if one is playing a computer Dimensions of Anxiety Intuition guts.indd 87 11/13/19 10:22 PM 3 Muir: The Spectral Nature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019 88 game and accidentally hits the wrong button, his or her ability to detect the error would aid them in not making the same mistake in the future. Error monitoring is enhanced in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (Aarts & Pourtois, 2010), suggesting a heightened sensitivity to errors and threats. This enhancement of error monitoring is unproductive, as time is spent worrying excessively about errors. Although not formally diagnosed with GAD, individuals in subclinical populations exhibit differential personality traits, brain functioning, and altered error monitoring when compared to healthy controls. Therefore, individuals with subclinical anxiety may require more support than is currently offered due to the lack of duration of their symptoms, which lie outside the qualifications for a full anxiety diagnosis according to the DSM-V. This literature review will examine the research available concerning individuals with subclinical levels of anxiety in order to better understand the neural mechanisms present in this population by examining (1) trait anxiety and (2) how trait anxiety differentiates brain functioning and error monitoring. Trait Anxiety in the Subclinical Population Trait anxiety as currently defined is a set of personality characteristics in healthy individuals that predisposes them to anxiety disorders and other pathologies (Fu et al., 2016). Individuals high on the trait anxiety scale have a difficult time tolerating any surprising outcomes and allowing uncertainty in the future; they often ruminate on the idea of failure (Compton et al., 2010; Song & Li, 2017). Further, when faced with stressful situations, individuals with high trait anxiety are more prone to anxiety-like responses, such as hypervigilance (Fu et al., 2016; Sandi & Wegner, 2018). However, due to the spectral nature of trait anxiety, individuals high on the trait anxiety scale may never be diagnosed with anxiety or other psychopathologies (Fu et al., 2016). Trait anxiety in subclinical and clinical groups differs in duration and severity. As previously stated, in order to be diagnosed with GAD the high levels of worry must last over six months. However, those with trait Dimensions of Anxiety Intuition guts.indd 88 11/13/19 10:22 PM 4 Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology, Vol. 14 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 8 https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition/vol14/iss1/8 89 anxiety may have periods of high anxiety but may not reach the stringent threshold of a continuous six months. This lends credence to the argument that there is a large spectrum of individuals who have subclinical anxiety but still experience anxiety symptoms for significant periods of time. Trait anxiety can further be broken down into two subtypes: anxious apprehension and anxious arousal. In anxious apprehension, worry and introspection are frequent, but there is also an external focus in order to detect and react to threats in the environment (Banich et al., 2016; Calamia et al., 2017; Donnellan et al., 2013). The consistent worry and rumination found in anxious apprehension is thought to be one of the reasons that GAD may last over a long period of time (Donnellan et al., 2013; Heller, Miller, Nitschke, & Palmieri, 1999; Hermann, Kress, Neudert, & Stark, 2017). Individuals high on the anxious apprehension scale experience constant worry over benign future events and any ambiguity (Donnellan et al., 2013; Heller et al., 1999). In contrast, individuals with anxious arousal often experience hyper physiological symptoms, such as increased error-related negativity amplitude in the presence of threats (Donnellan et al., 2013). Although anxious arousal and anxious apprehension may be seen in the same individual, these two dimensions of anxiety have very different neurological functioning (Gu et al., 2010). The dimension of anxious apprehension or the tendency to worry excessively is found mainly in GAD and individuals with high trait anxiety. Trait anxiety in GAD has been linked to altered brain


The most important factors are presented which cause that surgical treatment of tubal obliteration is not giving fully satisfactory results. The selection of patients for tubal reconstruction and the choice of operation term are discussed. The modern diagnostic methods in tubal obliteration are described with particular reference to USG and laparoscopy. The most important suggestions for the surgeon in preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management are made, discussing the problems of macroscopic and microscopic surgery. Particular attention is called to prevention of postoperative obliterative syndrome (intraperitoneal infusion of dextran and local and systemic glycocortico-therapy). Pregnancy developing after surgical treatment of tubal obliteration requires careful monitoring and should be regarded as high risk pregnancy.


Vitamin C tablets were manufactured with the solution of entericacrylic acid resin as wetting agent in granulation and tabletting.The acceleratedtest showed that such tablets possessed heat resistant character,could reduce theabsorption of moisture,retard the oxidation of drug by air and increase thestability of the tablets.


Debris flow is a very destructive natural disaster. This paper presents a novel masonry structure with strong resistance to debris flow—by using walls that are set with braces and filled with straw bricks. This structure was designed according to the concepts of sustainability. In order to study the dynamic response of this novel masonry structure under debris flow, finite element models of different masonry structures were established by means of LS-DYNA software. The responses of this novel structure and other traditional structures were calculated and compared when the rock of debris flow hits the center of the wall. Results showed that the out-of-plane stiffness of the impacted wall with cross braces was enhanced in this novel structure, leading to an increased resistance to the impact of debris flow more effectively. Furthermore, braces were able to stop rocks in the debris flow and dissipate the corresponding energy through deformation. These braces also improved anti-collapse capabilities, leading to an increase in the safety of people's lives and properties. This novel structure is a response to national policies and plans, which plays an active role in promoting sustainable development of society.


Pregnant gymnastics is gymnastics carried out during pregnancy with the aim of preparing the physical and mental of pregnant women, with the hope that the birth process will run smoothly and safely. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and motivation of pregnant women to do pregnancy exercise. This research is an analytical study with a cross sectional approach carried out at the Pekanbaru Women's Health Work Center. Sampling was done by accidental sampling to 26 respondents. Before this research was conducted, it had conducted validity and reliability tests on 20 respondents at the Umban Sari Rumbai Pekanbaru Health Center. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and motivation of pregnant women doing pregnancy exercises (P value 0,000 <? = 0.05). With this research, it is expected that the Puskesmas will further disseminate information on the importance of pregnant women taking pregnancy exercise classes by giving brochures to pregnant women or by installing pamphlets so that pregnant women are interested in participating in pregnancy exercises with adequate facilities and infrastructure


The surface-charges of cells are very important to study the vital characteristic of cells.Common methods only measure the changes of cell electrophoresis mobility (EPM) instead of the quantity of cell surface-charges.In order to measure the surface-charges of cells,a novel method to measure the surface-charges of cells by means of optical tweezers and electrophoresis in a microchannel was designed.With this method,the quantity of the electric charge of yeast cells was measured about 10~(-10)℃.Experimental results prove that this method can be used to measure the changes of cell surface-charges.A lab-onchip (LOC) for measuring the surface-charge of cells might be developed after improving this measuring system.


The security of computer networks plays a strategic role in modern computer systems. In order to enforce high protection levels against threats, a number of software tools are currently developed. Intrusion Detection Systems aim at detecting intruder who eluded the "first line" protection. In this paper, a pattern recognition approach to network intrusion detection based on ensemble learning paradigms is proposed. The potentialities of such an approach for data fusion and some open issues are outlined.


The paper describes the role of social capital in the process of an enterprise coming out of a crisis situation. The author presents various approaches to defining the social capital of an organization, while also providing a brief description of its structure. The work analyses the elements of social capital in an enterprise and indicates the necessity of their development. This in particular, refers to the role of partnership culture, which is based on mutual cooperation between the management and the employees. This culture is based on the feeling of involvement, solidarity, trust and interdependence. Mutual partnership ties are the basis of the success of an enterprise. With the aim of indicating the results of the impact of partnership culture on the process of an organization coming out of a crisis a case study has been outlined. As exemplified by the description of the German company Farben GmBH, the process of an enterprise coming out of a crisis has been presented in terms of unfavourable economic conditions. The success of the enterprise was possible thanks to the implementation of the values of partnership culture by the management and the employees.


Effects of electromagnetic field on the cooling curve and solidification structure of Al-Si alloy were described. The cooling curves of alloy in horizontal continuous casting were measured. The results indicate that with alternative electromagnetic field, the initial solidification temperature of the alloy can be increased from 645 °C to 656.4 °C, narrowing the temperature interval, and the solidification time is shortened. In addition, the solidification structure of Al-Si alloy can be evidently refined with exerting electromagnetic field, which is more and more refined and homogenized with the increase of exciting current to 120A. However, the solidification structure can be coarsened with exciting current increasing to 120 A.


Neuroeconomics seeks to explain how neural activity contributes to decision behavior. For value-based decisions, the primate orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to have a key role; however, the mechanism by which single OFC cells contribute to choices is still unclear. Here, we show for the first time a trial-to-trial relationship between choices and population-level value representations in OFC, defined by the weighted sum of activity from many individual value-coding neurons.


This paper studies the medium- to long-term eects of exposure to violence in early childhood (in-utero to age 5) on educational outcomes. To study this question, this paper exploits the massive escalation of violence and crime in Colombia in the 1980s and 1990s. Results show that one standard deviation increase in the homicide rate, in at least one year during early life, is associated with 0.1 fewer years of education, with a 1-percentage-point decline in school enrollment and a 3-percentage-point increase in the probability that a child is behind grade. The ndings also show that in utero and early-childhood exposure to violence has a more pronounced impact on human capital attainment than exposure at other stages of the life course (i.e., school age, adolescence). Furthermore, extensive robustness tests provide little evidence that selective sorting, mobility, fertility, or survival could drive estimates of violence on education.


Advances in Web-based services provide rich opportunities for a diverse set of advertising methods. In this paper, a time-lag type-in advertising method is proposed. In order to measure the effectiveness, the authors perform a comparative study. The current study examines the impact on recollection rate of the type-in advertisements that include a waiting time. Input-based advertising methods were compared both with and without a waiting time. The proposed input-based advertising method provides a 26.7 % better recollection scores with a 30-seconds wait time.


: Present study deals with the utility of an agricultural waste, Kodo husk, as an adsorbent in removal of dye, Malachite Green (MG). Surface study of Untreated Kodo Husk was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spec troscopy. Batch adsorption process was nsed to determine the adsorption characteristics of MG onto Untreated Kodo Husk (UKH). Which include the study of adsorption with respect to the changes in initial pH of dye solutions, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature. The dye adsorption equilibrium was attained for MG in 120 min of contact time. 1 he adsorption kinetic pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models, were selected to follow the adsorption process. It was shown that the adsorption data were well described by the pseudo-second order model. The equilibrium data were interpreted in terms of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption of MG on to UKH followed the Langmuir isotherm. The mono layer adsorption capacity of UKH was found to be 71.42 mg/g using the Langmuir equation. The determination of thermodynamic parameters established that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature in the temperature range of 303-327 °C.


This paper is devoted to the use of FRP composites to built durable and reliable footbridges. The objective of this paper is to disseminate results of the research project for the development of the FRP based solution for pedestrian bridges. It shows material testing, planning design and FEM analysis of the proposed solution as well as model testing procedure to be undertaken for checking static and dynamic performance of FRP composite girder.


Art that exists in every period of the process has different contents such as materials, techniques, concepts, themes that are far from modern and traditional art practice. Experimental works are the main factors affecting these contents. Although experimental works are mentioned with scientific content, they demonstrate themselves in every field of art, separate from science. Photography also adapted to the experimental possibilities at the highest level possible under the conditions. It is hardly possible to limit experimental photography due to its limitless possibilities. The "Invasion" technique, which is added to the literature as one of these techniques and is briefly defined as "being included in something and changing or spoiling the properties of that thing", is the subject of this study. This technique comes to the fore in experimental works of photography, as in many other fields of art. It is aimed to reveal how invasive interventions create a visual language during the recording of the photograph on the surface. With this study, it is aimed to eliminate the lack of literature in the field of photographic invasion. Qualitative research method was used in the research, in addition to the data obtained from the literature review, chemical, numerical and biologically invasive studies were interpreted with the descriptive analysis method. In line with all these data, it has been concluded that the invasion technique, which is included in the field of art, can also be included in the experimental photography as a new literature, visual expression technique for photography.


In this work we demonstrate the HORNET 2FBPSR survivable architecture and the associated protocols. With simple intuition, we can see that this architecture performs up to twice as well as that of conventional ring architectures under normal conditions, and in the worst case the performance is equal after a cut occurs. We experimentally demonstrate that when a cut occurs, the maximum amount of time that any two nodes lose the ability to communicate is equal to the propagation delay of the fiber between them (less than 1 ms for a typical metro ring architecture). The demonstration of the HORNET testbed presented here is a major step towards making next generation high capacity packet-based MANs a reality.


In response to assertions by Maine Public Utility Commission (PUC) staff members that private fire protection charges duplicated public fire protection charges and should be substantially reduced or eliminated, the Maine PUC established a Task Force to examine the issue. This article describes the approach the task force recommended for determining private fire protection charges, an approach that was adopted by the Maine PUC. The task force's alternative suggestion is also presented.


We present a detailed spectroscopic investigation, spanning four winters, of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRAS 02091+6333. Zijlstra & Weinberger (2002) found a giant wall of dust around this star and modelled this unique phenomenon. However their work suered from the quality of the optical investigations of the central object. Our spectroscopic investigation allowed us to define the spectral type and the interstellar foreground extinction more precisely. Accurate multi band photometry was carried out. This provides us with the possibility to derive the physical parameters of the system. The measurements presented here suggest a weak irregular photometric variability of the target, while there is no evidence of a spectroscopic variability over the last four years.


Purpose – The paper aims to identify synergies between the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the perspective of sustainable infrastructure development.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The paper analyzes the long-run empirical relationship between infrastructure investment and trade performance. The study also deals with assessment on the basis of panel OLS, Random Effect, and GMM techniques toward the achievement of the SDGs in the period 2008- 2017.

 Findings – The paper concluded that infrastructure investment in BRI countries has a positive impact on trade performance, and it promotes trade in Asian countries. It also draws attention to the fact that the joint work of these two global initiatives (BRI and Agenda 2030) could achieve aims in the future.

Research Implications – The outcome of this research can be observed as tentative, and further work is more desirable.


In this paper, we have automatically classified the breast tumor in mammogram images to benign and malignant classes using shearlet transform. First the region of interest (ROI) of the mammogram image is subjected to shearlet transform and various texture features are extracted from different levels and orientations. The dimensionality of extracted features are reduced by kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) method and ranked based on T-value. Ten ranked features are fed to k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier using minimum features. Our results show that shearlet transform coupled with KPCA is superior to shearlet transform.We have reported an accuracy of 89.8 %, sensitivity of 92.7 % and specificity of 93.8 % using KNN classifier for shearlet-KPCA method.


This review discusses the book 'New players, different game: understanding the rise of for-profit colleges and universities' by William G. Tierney and Guilbert C. Hentschke.


The virtual organization for small and medium-sized enterprises is a manufacturing system that is made up of multi-enterprises, whose functions can supplement each other. Each enterprise can use its manufacturing resources to finish a part of functions of virtual organization. Through analyzing the characteristics of virtual organization for small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper proposes the modularization building strategy in virtual organization. It indicates that the virtual organization is a manufacturing system composed by modules of different functions. These expectant functions of virtual organization can be completed by the combination of these modules of different functions. In order to improve the module search and the building efficiency of virtual organization, this research brings forward quick modularization building strategy of virtual organization for small and medium-sized enterprises. The strategy can be realized through the information coding of the enterprise's main information and resources and in the way of using codes to describe modules.


A therapeutic apparatus (500, 600) comprising a radiotherapy apparatus (502) for treating a target zone (318, 536) and a magnetic resonance imaging system (510, 532, 44, 602) for acquiring magnetic resonance imaging data (624). The radiotherapy apparatus comprises a radiotherapy source (300, 302, 304, 504) for directing electromagnetic radiation (310, 312, 314, 508) into the target zone. The radiotherapy apparatus is adapted for rotating the radiotherapy source at least partially around the magnetic resonance magnet. The magnetic resonance imaging system further comprises a radio-frequency transceiver (532) adapted for simultaneously acquiring the magnetic resonance data from at least two transmit- and-receive channels (528, 530). The therapeutic apparatus further comprises a processor (614) and a memory(620) containing machine executable instructions (636, 638, 640, 642, 644) for the processor. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to: calibrate(100, 200) the transmit-and-receive channels; acquire (102, 202) the magnetic resonance data; reconstruct (104, 204) a magnetic resonance image (626); register (106, 206) a location (628) of the target zone in the image; and generate (108, 208) radiotherapy control signals (630) using the registered image.


PURPOSE: A system for wirelessly controlling standby power by using a smart device is provided to skip extra switch manipulation by automatically turning on or off an electronic switch connected with a load through an application of the smart device according to a schedule or an alarm setting time. CONSTITUTION: A standby power blocking device(200) is connected with one or more of a plurality of lighting units(201) or socket units(202). The standby power blocking device turns on or off a switch to block or return the power supply of the lighting units and the socket units. A smart device(100) controls the standby power blocking device through Bluetooth communication. The smart device generates a control signal of the lighting units and the socket units according to a time setting schedule to deliver the signal to the standby power blocking device. A manager server(300) stores load information of loads connected with the socket units. [Reference numerals] (100) Smart device; (200) Standby power blocking device; (201) Lighting unit; (202) Socket unit; (300) Manager server; (AA) Lighting; (BB) Load


Ecological environment is the foundation of the ethnic culture and dancing. The Dais unique ecological environment, beautiful scenery and religious awareness and so on give birth to thd Dais dancing.The Dais dancing is the spontaneous embodiment of the ethnic spirit and feelings. Close-fitting tubular skirts,graceful figures,elegant makings,dancing postures and movements with various kinds of beautiful curves constitute the artistic features of the Dais dancing.


This paper presents characterization of 300-GHz wireless channel on a computer motherboard, where several different measurement scenarios have been considered. Results indicate that the presence of the ground plane and/or vertical parallel-plate structures in the channel introduces multipath that, if constructively superimposed, may create a path loss lower than free-space propagation path loss. In addition, it has been found that a few centimeters of vertical misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver result in a path loss greater than 5 dB. Furthermore, the results indicate that vertical components such as dual in-line memory modules with reflection coefficient close to one for all incident angles can be used to create directed non-line-of-sight (LoS) links with wide coherence bandwidth. Finally, for LoS propagation obstructed by large objects, such as a heatsink, the path-loss exponent of 1.77 is found, while the rotating fan causes periodic fading in the received power, indicating that channel equalization techniques will be needed to overcome deep fades. All these results indicate that optimal communications can be achieved by carefully positioning the antennas with respect to the motherboard layout.


The turnouts are one of the key points of the railway routes. In particular, turnouts in the main tracks are passed relatively high speed. This paper is focused on measurement and analysis of dynamic effects on railway turnouts. The main rail turnouts which are passed in speed of 160 km·h-1 and with different wear condition were selected. Attention was focused mainly on the crossing panel of the turnout, where the highest dynamic impacts occur. The turnout was measured twice: before and after frog repair by welding. The point of the paper is comparison of the crossing part of turnout in term of dynamic behaviour and assessment of influence of the transition geometry (wearing depth) on dynamic effects. Because dynamic impact from the wheel sets during the transition from the wing rail to the nose of the crossing depending on the quality of the transition geometry and also on the overall stiffness of the rail superstructure, the appropriate methodology of the measurement was designed. The methodology is designed for in situ measurement in condition of full operation and consists of two parts. Measuring of vibration and measuring of shifts of the bearers in the crossing panel. Piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensors (the accelerometers) were attached to plastic handles and glued to the cleaned surface of the measured structure. Three-axis accelerometer B&K 4524 B001 was placed at the foot of the wing rail, five accelerometers B&K 4507 B001 were placed at the bearer and one accelerometer B&K 4507 B004 was placed at the measuring bar embedded in the ballast. Shifts of the bearers ware measured by inductive displacement sensors HBM WA-10 T which were attached through magnetic holders to special frames. Frames are made of two steel bars embedded in the structural layers of subgrade and steel cross members connecting the two poles. This method created referential zero-point shift. For evaluation of measured data were used time analysis, frequency analysis using the amplitude spectrum and time-frequency analysis.


As used herein, all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid ["DPA"; 22: 5ω-3] is converted to docosahexaenoic acid ["DHA"; 22: 6ω-3]. Docosatetraenoic acid ["DTA"; 22: 4ω-6] to all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid ["DPAn-6"; 22: 5ω-6] A Δ4 desaturase is described that has secondary activity to convert. Herein, an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a Δ4 desaturase and a recombinant construct comprising such a fragment, as well as this Δ4 desaturase, are used in oleaginous yeast to produce long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ["PUFAs". ]] Is also described.


Time triggered devices are increasingly deployed in safety-critical distributed applications. Failures that manifest during the startup process of the synchronisation service pose a challenge to diagnose. The difficulty stems from the fact that most implemented diagnostic services for time-triggered systems employ the prior knowledge of the schedule to provide diagnosis. However, at the beginning of the startup process, when the global time base is not yet established, these diagnostic services are not viable. This work proposes the use of a fault injection framework to generate data that resembles the behaviour of failed components during startup. The data generated can then be used for developing fault diagnostic mechanisms. Due to the large data set that can be provided by fault injection frameworks, deep learning is proposed as a strategy for failure identification. The data generated from a fault injection framework is used to train the neural network to distinguish between correct behaviour, corruption and omission failures during startup.


Issues of social justice and equity related to the environment have taken place in the environmental justice movement. Previously, the environmental movement had focused, almost exclusively, on issues related to the conservation of the physical environment as well as the reduction of pollutants from the atmosphere, land and water. the environmental justice paradigm, however, has sought, since its origins in the united States three decades ago, to incorporate issues of social justice in the environmental movement, with performances of great national success. the concept of environmental justice is dual, both as a social movement, and as a paradigm with enormous implications in the area of public action. this article will consider, theoretically, the state of the art of environmental justice, with the aim of evaluating the impact this paradigm has on the environmental movement and on political issues.


Antagonistic bacterium controlling rice blast was tested on its inhibitive efficacy to the hypha growth and conidium germination of Pythium sp.,Sclerotium rolfsii,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.binincasae.The result showed that antagonistic bacterium was of different significant inhibition to four soil-borne pathogenic fungi.The inhibitive rates of 100-fold fermented Antagonistic bacteria liquid against the growth of the above four pathogenic fungi were between 26.47%~ 41.18%,while its inhibitive rate against the growth of Magnaporthe grisea was 69.85%.The inhibitive rates of initial fermented liquid against the conidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.binincasae were 86.88% and 76.34%,respectively.The action mechanism of the Antagonistic bacterium showed that it could break down hyphae,turn the hypha cells into swollen sacs,and inhibit conidial germination.


Nitronate anions derived from primary and secondary nitroal-kanes undergo cross-coupling reactions with diethyl alkylmalonate anions in alcohol/DMF solution when treated with silver nitrate. A catalytic amount of chloride ions is necessary to promote selective reaction.


This chapter visits major macroeconomic parameters, such as gross domestic product, savings, and investment, and studies their movement, especially the peaks and troughs in the six decades of planning, 1951–2011. The growth performance of the economy is assessed by comparing the realized growth rate with the target set in the Five Year Plans. It identifies the periods when the growth rate failed to meet the target, and pinpoints the reasons behind the shortfall. The growth rates are measured for agriculture, industry, and services sectors, and the structural changes in the economy are explored. Tracing the course of investment in the public and private sector in the mixed-economy framework, it shows how the share of these two sectors in total investment and domestic product altered over time. Finally, it unfolds the nexus between savings, investment, and economic growth that is evident in different phases of the Plan periods.


Inthis paper, anewcontrol method ofareversible PWM rectifier isdiscussed, wheretheinput voltage sensor andtheDC current sensor areeliminated; theperformance corresponds tothat ofthe original system canbeobtained byestimating theinput voltage andDCload current frommeasured input current andDC output voltage. Byusing this method, thesimplified circuit configuration with half number ofrequired sensors andreduction ofthecost will berealized. Because whenthesystem hasaninverter load, theDCload current includes thehigh switching frequency components, itwill be impossible tousedirectly theDCload current forthefeed-forward control. Therefore, thetreatment oftheDCload current forthefeed-forward control isalso investigated.


Slotted waveguide antennas (SWGA) are used in many radar and satellite applications. They are the antennas of choice when a high power capability and low manufacturing costs are desired. It is also possible to implement electronic beam steering easily with SWGA array. Apart from electrical advantages, waveguide antennas are mechanically very durable and they can withstand space conditions. In this work, a low cross polarization, low side lobe, travelling wave type edge wall SWGA is designed using a novel, non-inclined slot characterized using infinite array approach. The designed array is simulated and it is going to be manufactured.


Chlorfenapyr, an insecticidal pyrrole, was applied to concrete arenas at concentrations of 1.1,0.825, 0.55, and 0.275 g of active ingredient [AI]/m~2.Adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, were exposed for 2, 4, or 8 h at each concentration, then removed and held either with or without food (wheat flour) for 7 days.Survival was assessed when the beetles were removed from the exposure arenas and daily during the postexposure period.In the presence of food, survival was high regardless of concentration and the day on which post-treatment survival was assessed, but survival did decrease as the exposure period increased from 4 to 8 h.When the beetles were not given food after exposure, survival at each concentration and exposure period declined during the 1-week postexposure assessments.This pattern of decrease could be described by linear and non-linear equations.Results show the presence of food material greatly compromised effectiveness of the insecticide, and emphasize the importance of cleaning and sanitation in conjunction with insecticide treatments.


The invention relates to the field of medicines, in particular to an alcohol-expelling kidney-tonifying tablet candy which is prepared from maca, turnjujube, kudzu vine roots, dried tangerine or orange peel, fructus amomi, poria cocos, gorgon fruit, Chinese yam, liquorice, lycium barbarum, rhizoma polygonati, cinnamon and alpinia oxyphylla as raw materials. The alcohol-expelling kidney-tonifying tablet candy has the effects of expelling alcohol, protecting the liver, enriching essence and blood, preventing fatigue, protecting gastric mucosa and the like, is applicable to drunkenness and people needing to expel alcohol after being drunk, and is also applicable to people suffering from kidney deficiency with the symptoms such as body fatigue, waist and knee pain, cold intolerance, erectile dysfunction and insomnia and dreamful sleep, and is applicable to customers to take for a long time due to the warm but not dry medicinal property.


This study aims to examine the influence of on-line community's functions on members' attitude toward the community and off-line meetings. The result based on a survey study of 322 college students indicates that function of on-line community could be further categorized into 5 sub-functions, including 'information', 'communication', 'relationship', 'fantasy', and 'fun', that correspond to functional, social, and psychological needs by Wang et al. (2002). The results of a series of regression analyses reveal that the influence of on-line community's functions on attitude toward the community is significantly influenced by the extent of fulfillment of social and psychological needs with varying directions. Attitude toward off-line meetings is significantly influenced by the extent to which on-line community fulfil members' functional and social needs. Implications for on-line community management are discussed.


1255 May 2014 C HRONIC thromboembolic pulmonary disease is an important cause of severe pulmonary hypertension and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At 2-yr follow-up, 3.8% of survivors of an acute pulmonary embolic event develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) defined as a persistent mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 mmHg for 6 months after the inciting event.1,2 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is progressive in nature and carries a poor prognosis due to the limited efficacy of medical therapy. Surgical intervention by pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) or lung transplantation is the only effective cure.1 However, because the mortality rate of untreated CTEPH approaches 90% after 3 yr, the scarcity of available organs limits the viability of transplantation as a therapeutic option.3 Therefore, PTE has become the therapy of choice for patients with CTEPH, and a thorough understanding of the procedure and the medical management of these patients is necessary. We now review the anesthetic management and perioperative outcomes of the patients undergoing PTE.


Abstract The performance of eight organofunctional silane coupling agents as adhesion promoters for the bonding of aluminium with two 121°C and two 177°C curing structural film adhesives was investigated and compared to the chromic acid (FPL) etch pre-treatment process and two non-chemical pretreatments. Aspects considered were shear strength of joints at ambient and elevated temperatures and durability, as judged by the wedge test. The epoxy silane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, was found to be a very efficient adhesion promoter with all film adhesives evaluated. The cationic styryl silane, a neutral diamine monohydrochloride, showed promise with two adhesive systems. Four other neutral silanes were less effective. Performance of amine functional silanes was mixed. Although the shear strength of joints with the primary amine silane at its natural pH of ∼10.3 was relatively good, durability was poor. However, good durability was obtained if the primer was first adjusted to pH 8 with hydrochloric aci...


With the development of society,people need to use more cars.As a result,the increasing of the amount of cars brings huge traffic pressure and air pollution.Research on car rental and schedule is significant,aiming to satisfy the diversified needs for cars and make full use of car resource.In this paper,a platform for car rental based on BIRIS(Bilateral resource integration service mode) is built.The problem of dynamic vehicle scheduling with time windows is described in detail.Initial solution is made by local search and optimal solutions are gained by tabu search.Finally,many cases are used to verify the algorithm.


: Global climate change remains one of the biggest environmental threats over the coming century. The impacts on human population health are highly uncertain but are an important focus of the policy debate regarding mitigation and adaptation. Within the cCASHh-project complex integrative approach, aims to improve our understanding of future exposure, and adaptation possibilities and capacities to vector- borne diseases as well as heat exposure in different areas of the European Region. Methodology: An integrated framework, combining quantitative and qualitative computer modelling and integrated scenario analysis has been developed to address the future vulnerability of human health in Europe. The existing models incorporate the dynamic global and local interaction between the most important drivers. Results: This work will present the results of the future risk of vector- borne diseases under a changing environment as well as future risk of population exposure to heat stress under different adaptation scenarios. Climate change might also affect human health directly. Most climate scenarios show an increase in the frequency of temperature extremes, which would entail increases in thermal stress, and consequently on morbidity and mortality rates. The fact of a greying European population and a scenario-dependent increase of the degree of urbanisation would even super add to the potential morbidity and mortality rates related to heat stress. However, depending on the population's future health status, the ability to adapt autonomously and or social and institutional means available, the residual mortality rates might be lower. of on the household factors and cooking practices related to PM5 concentrations. Method: A cross sectional survey comprising of 864 households selected through cluster sampling in a semi-urban area, was conducted. People of age group (cid:1) 50 years living there were interviewed to assess their current and past cooking practices. In a sub-sample of 82 households PM5 levels were measured in the kitchen during cooking, and, living room and outdoors over a 24 hour period. Low volume air samplers (224 &endash; PCXR7, SKC make, USA) with a cyclone (50% cut off at 5 mm) and flow rate of 1.9 lit/min were used to measure PM5 levels. All the households (98%) reported using cattle dung and wood as their regular fuels, mud stove without a chimney was the most common type of stove (98%). Hara, a locally made that uses present in 55% of households. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stoves in more of households, all the used the 3% of the 3200 (cid:3) Abstract: Individuals are exposed to wide variety of pollutants in various indoor and outdoor microenvironments during the course of a typical day. Sources of pollution in various indoor and outdoor locations produce particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants with different physical and chemical characteristics, which may, in turn, result in different health responses. Thus, to fully understand the relationships between exposures to environmental pollutants and various health outcomes, personal exposures to principal sources of toxic chemicals have to be characterized. Proper quantification of the magnitude and timing of personal exposures to these sources will then require identification of key microenvironments, media, routes and pathways of exposure that contribute most to an individual's exposure. Source apportionment techniques can provide a useful method for determining personal exposure to PM and air toxics from specific sources. Contributions to personal exposures from sources that have only outdoor, indoor or both indoor and outdoor components can be developed for generating either personal or population-level source-specific exposure estimates, for use in epidemiologic analyses. A number of epidemiological studies have already evaluated the relationship between health outcomes and sources of ambient particulate matter and co-pollutants. These studies suggest the importance of examining sources and constituents of indoor, outdoor, and personal PM and other criteria pollutants. However, limitations of existing measurement data on indoor, outdoor and personal measurements to pollutants of concern (e.g., PM and its constituents or air toxics) and longitudinal time-activity data on susceptible population groups, hamper the investigation of health impacts of specific air pollution sources and its components. Future community health studies need to collect better information on indoor and outdoor sources of personal exposures to PM, PM species and various toxics co-pollutants. an abstract of a proposed presentation and does not necessarily reflect Abstract: Exposures to various indoor factors, particularly air pollutants, have been implicated in several health outcomes; yet most investigations had been conducted only with measurements of selected hazards. Our study was designed to examine associations between indoor air quality and sick building syndrome (SBS) of employees in 8 air-conditioned office buildings through a series of comprehensive environmental assessments and questionnaire administration. Airborne microbes, carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM10), formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured in every sampling site inside the study buildings. Frequency of reporting symptoms and other environmental variables, such as environmental tobacco smoke exposure and air change rate, were documented by self-administrated questionnaires. Information on gender, age of the occupant, degree of job satisfaction, recent experience of stress, and personal history of diagnosed allergic diseases were also obtained for adjustment in statistical analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between dichotomous scales of air pollutants and health outcomes of interest, after adjusting for variables described above. Our data show that concentrations of indoor formaldehyde, TVOC and airborne microbes are higher than most recommended levels quoted. Estimates of crude odds ratios show that most air pollutants, when analyzed by continuous scales, are associated with SBS of one or more types. Similar relationships are seen with environmental factors of interest and personal characteristics acquired. PM10 exposures were significantly associated with mostly irritant outcomes, in addition to headache in multivariate analysis. Interestingly, indoor TVOC concentrations appeared to be protective with respect to symptom of sneezing, while exposure to greater concentrations of indoor HCHO did not present additional adverse effects with concurrent presence of other indoor pollutants. Most strikingly, statistical associations were found between selected SBS and microbial concentrations, dichotomized at 1000 CFU/m3 for its being a reference concentrations adopted in many proposed guidelines. and PM10 is quantitatively demonstrated in this investigation. Further work should be designed to clarify the exact contribution of indoor TVOC exposures for increasing use of modern compounds, like essential oils, and decoration of synthetic materials are likely to result in rising concentrations of indoor TVOC in future indoor environments. difference between the moderate and minimal groups was not statistically significant. For non-Hispanic blacks, there was no difference in the proportion with detectable levels across the three smoking regulation categories. Discussion: These preliminary results suggest that at least for non-Hispanic white and Mexican American adults, those living in areas with extensive tobacco control laws have less ETS exposure compared to those living in areas with minimal or moderate smoking regulations. Multivariate analyses including covariates (age, gender, workplace smoke exposure, and cigarette smoke exposure in the home) will be conducted to further examine the relationship between tobacco control laws and ETS exposure and the lack of variability in cotinine levels by tobacco control laws among non-Hispanic blacks. Abstract: Air pollutants are related with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective: In order to investigate the effects of urban air pollutants on blood markers for cardiovascular risks (fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C reactive protein -HSCRP, and mucoprotein) we carried out a panel study with 48 traffic controllers working in high traffic avenues in Sa˜o Paulo City. Methods: All participants were males, mean age of 39.2 years ( (cid:7) 6.4), non-smokers, with at least complete high school education, and healthy. Blood samples were collected in working days, in three different periods: August 2000 (winter), January/February 2001 (summer), and August 2001 (winter), corresponding to different mean levels of air pollutants exposure. Linear regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the effect of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mm (PM10), CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 on the blood markers, controlling for temperature, humidity, age, and body mass index. Results: CO, SO2, PM10, and O3 where associated with changes in blood markers. In general, the effects presented short time lags. An interquartile range increase of CO (1.1 ppm) was associated with an increase of 25.78 mg/dl on fibrinogen (95% CI: 8.12–43.44), increase of 1.66 mg/l on HSCRP (95% CI: 0.09–3.23), and 0.28 mg/dl on mucoprotein (95% CI: 0.02–0.42). An interquartile range increase of SO2 (9.6 mg/m3) was associated with an increase of 0.49 mg/dl on mucoprotein (95% CI: 0.28–0.70), increase of 1.48 mg/l on HSCRP (95% CI: 0.22–2,74). An interquartile range of PM10 (33.6 Abstract: Studies of short term effects of air pollution have for many years been focused on respiratory effects. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that a major impact on mortality caused by air pollution is due to cardiovascular deaths. The aim of this panel study was to investigate the relation between


Online learning is different from the instruction provided in traditional classes in that the teachers and students do not have actual contact. Thus, the teachers can have little control over the students' learning situations. However, the teachers can observe the students' learning activities by analyzing their online learning portfolios. These portfolios usually comprise quantified serial of information figures. This study used data mining techniques such as a K-means cluster analysis algorithm in order to manage a cluster analysis of the students' various portfolios and to support general statistical methods. The cluster analysis effectively categorized students with similar portfolios into the same cluster; additionally, different clusters revealed different characteristics. In addition, this study also used a t-test and a test of independence of statistics in order to analyze the correlation and degree of correlation between the students' performance in online learning and their learning effects. Further, this study used statistics and a data mining technique to obtain a mining analysis of the portfolios, namely, the students' assignment scores, exam scores, and online learning records; it also applied a proposed interface to enable the teachers to observe the change in the students' learning situation during the learning process in order to analyze its connection with learning effects.


During the past few years, significant progress has been made in the development of new nanoenergetic materials consisting of mixtures of metal and oxidizer nanopowders. It has been found that such reacting mixtures release energy by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude faster than similar systems consisting of micron-size reactants. In some cases, combustion-front velocities reach hundreds of meters per second. These new reacting systems find applications in both civilian and military sectors, including fast vaporization of active chemical components, fast heating of thermal batteries and main ingredients of new environmentally benign percussion primers or electric matches. This paper presents experimental results on ignition and combustion front propagation characteristics in the Al-Bi 2 O 3 nanothermite system. The effect of different coatings and inhibitors of the reaction of aluminum with water in the presence and without the presence of bismuth trioxide is discussed. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the Al-Bi 2 O 3 reacting system and reaction kinetics measurements using differential scanning calorimetry are presented. Electrostatic discharge sensitivities of Al-Bi 2 O 3 , Al-MoO 3 , and Al-Fe 2 O 3 nanothermite systems were determined. It was found that all investigated nanothermite systems showed very high levels of electrostatic discharge sensitivity in the form of dry and loose powder.


The university management has its special nature,so this paper analyses it from such aspects as management objects,management aim,and management process and management nature,and puts forward several principles which should be stuck to in grasing the special nature of university management.On this basis,it advances specific coutermeasures to promote the construction and deve-lopment of qualified personnel of university management.


Yeh and Tsai recently proposed an enhanced mobile commerce security mechanism. They modified the lightweight security mechanism due to Lam, Chung, Gu, and Sun to relieve the burden of mobile clients. However, this article shows that a malicious WAP gateway can successfully obtain the mobile client's PIN by sending a fake public key of a mobile commerce server and exploiting information leakage caused by addition operation. We also present a countermeasure against the proposed attack.


One of the most important areas of medical science is oncology, which is responsible for both the diagnostics and treatment of cancer diseases. Over the years, there has been an intensive development of cancer diagnostics and treatment. This paper shows the comparison of normal (CCD-18Co) and cancerous (CaCo-2) cell lines of the human gastrointestinal tract on the basis of nanomechanical and biochemical properties in order to obtain information on the cancer biomarkers useful in oncological diagnostics. The research techniques used were: Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy and imaging. In addition, the studies included also the effect of the statins compounds: mevastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin and their influence on nanomechanical and biochemical changes of properties of cells tracking using AFM and Raman imaging techniques. The cytotoxicity of mevastatin and lovastatin was determined by using XTT tests.


By considering the two architecture programs′s practical application of the current information system disaster recovery,"two areas two centers"and"two areas three centers".In order to expand the comprehensiveness of the architecture programs,the "people′s air defense" of the construction engineering as the background of the new program named "one area two centers"were designed,and the all program′s resistive ability of facing the " irresistible force "and other features were analyzed,which can offer the appropriate security program of remote disaster recovery architecture program for enterprises′s information system.


An emulated digital VLSI CMOS architecture is described, where the main features are as follows: (i) variable accuracy, (ii) a complete CNN Universal Machine on the silicon, (iii) a good area time trade off. The whole architecture was defined on VHDL and the following key parameters of the implementation were computed namely, (i) the speed (1 ns/virtual cell/iteration), (ii) the number of the physical processing cells per cm/sup 2/ is 24 by using 0.35 /spl mu/m three metal layer CMOS technology.


Summary The analysis of mark–recapture data is undergoing a period of development and expansion. Here we contribute to that by presenting a model which includes both births and immigration, as well as the usual deaths. Data come from a long‐term study of the willow tit (Parus montanus), where we can assume that all births are recorded, and hence immigrants can also be identified as birds captured as adults for the first time. We model the rates of immigration, birth rate per parent, and death rates of juveniles and adults. Using a hierarchical model allows us to incorporate annual variation in these parameters. The model is fitted to the data using Markov chain Monte Carlo, as a Bayesian analysis. In addition to the model fitting, we also check several aspects of the model fit, in particular whether survival varies with age or immigrant status, and whether capture probability is affected by previous capture history. The latter check is important, as independence of capture histories is a key assumption that simplifies the model considerably. Here we find that the capture probability depends strongly on whether the individual was captured in the previous year.


Standard entropy calculations in quantum field theory, when applied to a subsystem of definite volume, exhibit area-dependent UV divergences that make a thermodynamic interpretation troublesome. Such divergences cannot be reabsorbed by local counterterms although, with a rather unusual procedure, they can be subtracted from the final result. A key issue here is which set of quantum degrees of freedom, i.e. which quantum subsystem of the theory, is associated with the region of space under consideration. In the case of a free scalar field in d+1 spacetime dimensions we show that by using an alternative localization scheme - related to the Newton-Wigner position operator --the entropy of a thermal state is free of divergences and has a perfectly sound thermodynamic behavior. In the high temperature/big volume limit our results are consistent with the standard calculation, once the divergent contribution is subtracted from the latter. In the limit of low temperature/small volume the entropy goes to zero but with a different dependence on the temperature.


Abstract Yellow fever is an endemic disease in America caused by an arbovirus that circulates in the sylvatic cycle between nonhuman primates and mosquitoes of the genera Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy and Haemagogus Williston.The main goal of this work is to report the distribution patterns of these genera in Argentina through an updated database built from published records as well as from own sample collections. These genera are represented in Argentina by a total of 18 species distributed in 14 provinces and 10 ecoregions. The ecoregions with greatest biodiversity were Paranense Forest, Yungas, Campos and Malezales. This database will also allow generating distribution maps for these mosquito genera, and their respective species in Argentina, to establish areas with high probability of viral circulation that are an essential input for vector surveillance, as a tool for public health decision-makers.


A real-time system for biomechanical parameter collection of soft tissues in vivo is described in this paper. It combines dynamic control loading/unloading, force measurement, with B/M mode ultrasonic measurement technology. It measures the soft tissues loading-force response and force-deformation effect while tissues are under dynamic loading. The system is fixed on a universal stand so that it can quantitatively measure the biomechanical parameters of soft tissues over the different parts of body in vivo.


Online platforms invest large sums in their search technology. Motivated by this observation, we investigate how lowering search costs affects the welfare of market participants, in a model where buyers with horizontally differentiated tastes search and then compete for differentiated goods in an auction. We identify a "matching effect", whereby lower search costs lead to better matches; and a "segmentation effect" whereby lower search costs endogenously shift market participation in favor of some goods and against others. We prove that there is a unique equilibrium, and demonstrate that the decentralized market achieves the social planner's solution. Decreasing search costs thus improves joint welfare; and yet surprisingly it is possible for segmentation effects to dominate matching effects, and joint seller revenue to fall.


Today, HR is not treated as a single function. It's a collection of highly specialized capabilities — each with distinct objectives, tasks and needs. There is an ever-increasing pressure on Human Resource (HR) function to support strategic goals and to focus on value adding activities. Organizations have realized the growing importance of using Information Technology (IT) in leveraging their Human Resource (HR) functions. This takes the form of e-HRM (Electronic Human Resource Management). The e-HRM revolution relies on cutting-edge information technology, ranging from Internet-enabled human resources information systems (HRIS) to corporate intranets and portals. The driving forces are intensifying competition, need to manage workforce on a global level, to improve HR service delivery and to bring cost savings. e-HRM enables HR leaders to become architects in the development of competitive organizational social systems. This paper reviews the research work done in the field of e-HRM. It provides insights into a framework of e-HRM, along with benefits and limitations. It discusses the impact of e-HRM on HR professionals. It seeks to identify implications for future research in this field. Key words : Human Resource(HR), Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM), Human Resource Information System(HRIS), Information Technolo


The possibilities of analysis with the use of modern methods of monitoring the parameters mechanical vibrations, revealed the most interesting features of the formation and propagation of vibroacoustic waves.


It comprising a container (1) OF LETTERS AND MOBILE FUND HAS A CARRILLO (10) carrying rollers (13) driving the bottom card PACKAGE, ISOLATED BY TACO (21). THE CODE OF VALUE OF THE CHARTER CARRIED reads as SHIFTING THE CARRILLO SENDING TO FREE THE LETTER transported in a distribution box (36). CARRILLO EXCEEDS THE BOX Elegy, DESCANSANDO BACKSTOPS springs (40) and returns back ejecting LETTER (36) BOX BELOW (36). APPLICATION TO THE BRIDGE.


The architectural form of recreational complexes is inevitable without taking into account the structural skeleton, functional fullness and aesthetic perception of the object. The use of large-span structures plays a huge role in terms of the subsequent re-profiling of the recreational complex into a more modern facility that meets constantly changing modern requirements. Thus, in shaping, the role of modern design tools, computational design or parametrism, taking into account BIM-technologies, is taken into account. Dynamics and transformation are important aspects of the parametric architecture in the design and construction of recreational facilities. Architectural shaping of the large-span structural shells makes it possible to change the enclosing skeleton of the building and change the functional zones depending on the class, level and profile of the recreational complex.


AIM AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the antidiabetic and toxicological studies of the combination of Piper nigrum and
Artocarpus hetrophyllus. To achieve this primary aim we set a following objective. To evaluate the taxonomical studies
To study the pharmacognostical property of Piper nigrum and Artocarpus
hetrophyllus
To evaluate the various toxicological study –accute and sub acute toxicity-by animal
models
To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the combnation of Piper nigrum and
Artocarpus hetrophyllus by stz induced animal models SUMMARY: Phytochemical screening
Qualitative Phytochemical screening and ethno botanical survey on the Artocarpus
Hetrophyllus Leaf extracts the presented of certain phyto constitutions such, Proteins and amino
acids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, terpenoids.
Qualitative Phytochemical screening and ethno botanical survey on the Piper Nigrum Leaf
extracts the presented of certain phyto constitutions such steroids, tannins, flavonoids,
carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids
The phytochemical constituents such as glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and
flavonoids may be linked to the anti diabetic activity.Acute toxicity studies
To check the safety profile of the combination of the leaf extract of Piper Nigrum and
Artocarpus Hetrophyllus in the ratio of 1:1, it was subjected to the acute toxicity study which
conformed the absence of any toxicity or mortality at the higher dose of 2000mg/kg. Thus the
Extract can be classified as a safe drug category according to the Global harmonized Classification
System quoted in the OECD guidelines 1996.
Based on the Toxicity studies 100mg/kg is used as a dose of extract and middle dose
200mg/kg and higher dose as 400mg/kg used for sub-acute toxicity studies. Sub-acute toxicity studies
Sub-acute toxicity study was done and the results shows nontoxic nature for the Extract.
Also, all the animals from control and all the treated groups up to dose 400 mg/kg survived
throughout the dosing period of 28 days. Animals from all the treated groups exhibited comparable
body weight gain with that of controls throughout the dosing period. No significant changes in the
organ weight were observed. Furthermore no specific cell damage was noticed by the microscopic
examination. The central and autonomic profiles were normal throughout the study and no specific
alterations were noticed. CONCLUSION: The presented study is an attempt to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of the combination
of the leaf extract of Piper Nigrum and Artocarpus Hetrophyllus in the ratio of 1:1 on
Streptozotocin induced diabetic in albino rats.
The Phytochemical study was screening showed the presence of tannins, carbohydrate, Flavonoids
and reducing sugar which is responsible for the anti-diabetic activity.
The animals were induced with STZ at a dose of 60mg/kg intraperatoneal and the diabetic animals
were treated with Extract at a dose of 200mg/kg for 28 days orally. The serum glucose, body
weight were measured which show significantly increased when compare with positive control
group. The finding of the presence investigation suggests the Extract has potential for its evaluation as
protective agents against toxicity induced by Streptozotocin.
Mechanism of the extract is not completely established which may further done for protective
action in the future studies


The thermo-mechanical vibration characteristics of doubly-curved nanocomposite shells reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets are investigated by considering a uniform distribution of graphene and a first-order shear deformation theory. The mechanical properties of the nano-composite shells are estimated by using the modified Halpin–Tsai model. The governing equations are first derived by a variational formulation using Hamilton's principle and are solved using the Galerkin technique. Numerical results are presented for various shell curvatures and compared with those available in the archival literature. Furthermore, parametric studies are offered to highlight the significant influence of graphene nanoplatelets' weight fraction, dimensions of graphene nanoplatelets, and temperature variation, on the free vibration of the nano-composite shells. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 1 September 2018 Accepted 4 September 2018


An electromagnetic analysis is performed on the ITER shield modules under different plasma disruption scenarios using the OPERA-3d software. The modeling procedure is explained, electromagnetic torques are presented, and results of the modeling are discussed.


Significance This study defines the biochemical and biological specificity of RNA 5′-end discrimination by the human innate immune response protein denoted IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5). Cellular and recombinant protein interaction assays revealed an adaptable RNA binding site that, considering both WT and mutant proteins, can broadly accommodate and distinguish phosphate-containing 5′ ends. Comprehensive profiling of IFIT5-associated cellular RNAs by thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing identified a broad spectrum of IFIT5-bound precursor and processed tRNA transcripts and revealed a surprisingly flexible order of human tRNA processing reactions. Our findings for IFIT5 illuminate new structural specificities of protein–RNA recognition important for innate immunity. Interferon (IFN) responses play key roles in cellular defense against pathogens. Highly expressed IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are proposed to function as RNA binding proteins, but the RNA binding and discrimination specificities of IFIT proteins remain unclear. Here we show that human IFIT5 has comparable affinity for RNAs with diverse phosphate-containing 5′-ends, excluding the higher eukaryotic mRNA cap. Systematic mutagenesis revealed that sequence substitutions in IFIT5 can alternatively expand or introduce bias in protein binding to RNAs with 5′ monophosphate, triphosphate, cap0 (triphosphate-bridged N7-methylguanosine), or cap1 (cap0 with RNA 2′-O-methylation). We defined the breadth of cellular ligands for IFIT5 by using a thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase for RNA sequencing. We show that IFIT5 binds precursor and processed tRNAs, as well as other RNA polymerase III transcripts. Our findings establish the RNA recognition specificity of the human innate immune response protein IFIT5.


Becoming a victim of verbal and social bullying in middle school can lead to illness, psychological stress, and maladjustment. The coping strategies that students utilize when they are bullied may influence the likelihood and s everity of these negative effects. In this study, we examined the predictions made by stu dents in two middle schools about the ways that they would cope with becoming a victi m of verbal and social bullying. We also analyzed influences for coping strategies and student willingness to seek help with bullying at school. The results show that middle sc hool students generally expect that they will utilize adaptive approach strategies in t rying to solve the problem or obtain support from others, but those who had been victimi zed in the last month were more likely than those not involved in bullying, to pred ict that they would engage in maladaptive avoidance coping strategies if victimiz ed in the future. Willingness to seek help was found to be enhanced by approach coping strategies, less aggressive attitudes, and lower perceptions of school bullying. Policy im plications for efforts to encourage approach coping strategies in middle school student s through educational interventions and school counseling are discussed.


Results: The urinary stones were mainly localized in the bladder (36.3%) followed by the kidneys (27.6%) and were more frequent in males (88%). The result of the analysis shows that the calculi belong to oxalate (84.5%), calcium (65.5%), magnesium (58.6%), urate (36.2%), phosphate (27.6%), carbonate (13.8%), ammonium (6.9%) and cystine (1.7%). The most frequent chemical constituent was calcium oxalate (48.3%) followed by ammonium urate (22.4%), calcium phosphate (15.5%) and magnesium phosphate (13.8%) and pure form of uric acid (13.8%). Oxalate containing stones were more frequent in males than in females while phosphates containing ones were less frequent in males than in females. Conclusion: The findings of the present work indicate that urolithiasis in the province of Al-Jouf represent common urological problem and is correlated with the nutritional, environmental and genetic factors.


Diabetes self management require compliance with complex management regimens to achieve glycemic control. Management of diabetes mellitus begins with the setting of food, physical exercise, weight control and optimal adjustment of medication. Treatment of diabetes mellitus to improve the quality of life of patients and prevent complications makrovasculer and mikrovasculer. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship of diabetes self-management to the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The design used in this study was cross sectional. The population in this study were all patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The sample in this study are patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 who came controls on poli Amelia Pare Hospital in September 2016. The analysis performed in this study using Spearman Rank Correlation. Obtained value of Rho = 0.33 which indicates the level of relationship is. Statistical test value t = 7.23 is greater than t table = 2.457, then H₁ acceptable and it can be concluded that there is a relationship between diabetes self-management and quality of life mellitus type 2 diabetes patients with a degree of closeness of the relationship that is being nurses in providing nursing care also pay attention to the patient's needs will be perceptions about the treatment. Nurses as educators can provide explanations and correct health information about treatment and care so that quality of life can be achieved. Keyword: Diabetes Self-Management, Quality of life, Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2


Background: Empirical evidence suggests that stress related to a period of tribulation tends to weaken the system, further increasing the danger of diseases. Given this fact, additionally to having a high risk of contracting COVID-19, partly attributed to suboptimal protection, HCWs are susceptible to poor psychological state outcomes. Objective: This study aims to assess and compare demographic and psychological factors amongst frontline healthcare workers like young doctors Method: A cross sectional online survey was conducted by sharing Zung self-administered anxiety questionnaire using Google form. The consent was obtained from 100 participants and snowball sampling method was followed in the study. The Chi square and p value was also calculated to ascertain any significance level and association between different variables. Results: Out of 100 participants, 13(13.5%) were found to have anxiety disorder. Males were found to have higher anxiety level than females. Conclusion: The early identification of the psychological distress and a timely intervention will improve the quality of life of doctors and also reduce the severity of the psychological sequelae. © 2021, MedSci Publications. All rights reserved.


A simple and rapid radiorespirometric method, for early detection of tubercle bacilli from sputum samples has been developed. A biphasic liquid scintillation vial system is used for detection of 14CO2 produced by metabolism of acetate 1-2-l4C on glycerol free Lowenstein- Jensen Media (LJM). Total 207 sputum samples were tested by smear, visual growth method (VGM) and radiorespirometric method (RRM) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains. Total 27.54 % sputum samples were scored positive by smear, 21.7% samples by VGM and 33.3 % samples by RRM. There is significant difference between three methods related to sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for detection of M. tuberculosis strains. RRM was found to be most sensitive and specific method amongst three. The average detection time by RRM was 9.48 days, compared to 34.47 days by VGM. There is a correlation of number of bacilli in smear and rate of growth in RRM and VGM. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijshls.2015.s11.5571 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.


A linear theory for the electromagnetic properties and interactions of an annular beam-ion channel system in plasma waveguide is presented. The dispersion relations for two families of propagating modes, including the electrostatic and transverse magnetic modes, are derived. The dependencies of the dispersion behavior and interaction for different wave modes on the thickness of the annular beam and betatron oscillation frequency are studied in detail by numerical calculations. The results show that the inner and outer radii of the beam have different influences on propagation properties of the electrostatic and electromagnetic modes with different betatron oscillation parameters. In the weak ion channel situation, the two types of electrostatic waves, that is, space charge and betatron modes, have no interaction with the transverse magnetic modes. However, in the strong ion channel situation, the transverse magnetic modes will have two branches and a low frequency mode emerged as the new branch. In this case, compared with the solid beam case, the betatron modes not only can interact with the high frequency branch at small wavenumber but also can interact with the low frequency branch at large wavenumber.