Abstract Premixed combustion is widely used for simulation of combustion chambers of gas turbines, utilized for low NO x emission applications. However, this category of gas turbines is susceptible to combustion instability. Combustion instability has already been studied for industrial burners, ram jets, and pulse jets. But, with regard to modern gas turbines, there are limited works that are performed recently. Therefore, the main aim of this investigation is focused on thermo-acoustic instability modes in gas turbine combustion chambers. Both analytical and experimental methods are applied for this study. For this purpose, an experimental combustion chamber is designed and fabricated and various experiments are planned and performed in order to achieve the behaviour of combustion chamber during stable and unstable conditions. Moreover, an analytical method is applied and a computer code is written and elaborated for this purpose. Instability frequencies are derived experimentally and analytically and the results are compared with each other. Accordingly, good agreements are observed between the results. In addition, histograms, spectral diagrams, and wave forms of thermo-acoustic instability are achieved experimentally.


Thin films of layered manganese oxides with alkylammonium and alkali-metal ions in the interlayer were formed on a platinum electrode by a one-step electrochemical route. The interlayer distance was determined by the sizeof the electrolyte cations used.


This article discusses relations between the Funnel Beaker, Pitted Ware and Battle Axe Cultures in Southern Sweden during the late Middle Neolithic period, employing terms such as ethnicity, ethnic groups and material culture in the interpretation of the changes involved. People invented and re-invented, used and re-used principles, while still being able to communicate through the medium of material culture. It was this that made it possible to "live in cultural diversity".


In 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the plasma concentration of cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) was determined at the start of the first course of treatment at various intervals after a bolus injection. In 10 patients plasma concentration/time data were fitted to a biexponential equation and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the coefficient and exponents of such equations. The plasma half‐life (t½) of Ara‐C of the first phase varied from 1.2 to 1.9 min (mean 1.6). The t½ of the second phase varied from 8.8 to 18.9 min. All patients were treated with Ara‐C alone in a dose of 100 mg/m2 for 10 or 14 days. There was poor treatment response in five patients with second‐phase t½ of Ara‐C ranging from 6.6 to 10.7 min whereas there was complete remission in nine patients with t½ exceeding 12.7 min. In three patients plasma Ara‐C concentrations were measured during constant‐rate infusion of different amounts of drug. It appeared that the plateau concentrations were directly proportional to the dose, which indicated that in the therapeutic range no enzyme capacity‐limited elimination occurs.


Prohibiting land reallocation improves tenure security, but it remains unclear whether this sufficiently facilitates the development of farmland rental markets in China. To fill this gap, we investigate how farmland rental activities are influenced by full-scale land reallocation (FSLR) and partial land reallocation (PLR), which differ in scale and imposition. Employing the instrumental-variables and the difference-in-differences approaches, we find that PLR substitutes relation-specific contracting in the markets, while FSLR complements arms-length contracting. The different impacts are attributable to the difference in imposition rather than scale. These findings suggest the need for further reforms.


The invention relates to a cooling system used during spinal surgery. The cooling system comprises a refrigerating system, a filtering system and a special aspirator, wherein the filtering system is provided with a filtering system shell, a filter screen, an activated carbon layer and an ultraviolet lamp are sequentially arranged in the filtering system shell from an inlet to an outlet; the special aspirator comprises a negative pressure pipe front half section, a cold air outer pipe front half section, a negative pressure regulating opening, a cold air outer pipe rear half section and a negative pressure pipe rear half section; the head end of the negative pressure pipe front half section is 5-10mm longer than the head end of the cold air outer pipe front half section. The cooling system has the advantages that when the cooling system is used for partial cooling of the spinal surgery, other tissue or organs of a patient are unaffected; the cooling process is completed by an assistant during blood sucking, an operator does not need to stop the surgery, and surgery time is saved; the surgery area can keep a relatively-stable low-temperature state, and damage, caused by temperature fluctuation, on the spinal cord is avoided.


We report permanent increase in birefringence of a polarization maintaining fiber when exposed to actinic radiation. We further demonstrate the application of this effect in tuning a PM fiber based optical filter.


Ralph and Myrtle Mae Borsodi, two early twentieth century back-to-the-land writers based in rural New York state, wrote the rural agrarian smallholding as a kind of refugium, a philosophical and physical site for those self-sufficient smallholders to survive, even thrive, through an
 expected US cultural extinction. The centre of their back-to-the-land agrarian refugium is the heterocouple complete with attached gendered roles and expectations. For this self-sufficiency promoting couple, the rural back-to-the-land homestead was the future of a new and better America made
 up of decentralised, self-sufficient farms and workshops run by those Ralph termed 'quality-minded men'. Indeed, both in their writings and in real life, their self-sufficiency rested on the backs of urban factory workers, the poor and, most likely, people of colour - domestic labourers. Such
 exploitation was not incidental, but a key component of the ideal world imagined by this couple.


Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is one of the most popular and effective Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models used for sequence learning in applications such as ECG signal classification. Complex LSTMs could hardly be deployed on resource-limited bio-medical wearable devices due to the huge amount of computations and memory requirements. Binary LSTMs are introduced to cope with this problem. However, naive binarization leads to significant accuracy loss in ECG classification. In this paper, we propose an efficient LSTM cell along with a novel hardware architecture for ECG classification. By deploying 5-level binarized inputs and just 1- level binarization for weights, output, and in-memory cell activations, the delay of one LSTM cell operation is reduced 50x with about 0.004% accuracy loss in comparison with full precision design of ECG classification.


New metal-free (5, 8) and metallophthalocyanines (6, 9) containing four diazatetrathiamacrobicycles or crosswise-disubstituted attached with two nitro and two macrobicyclic groups were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of 7,8-dicyano-4,11,22,23-tetrathia-1,14-diazapentacyclo[12.10.10.05,10.016,21.026,31]tetratriconta-5,7,12,19,20,21,28,30,32-nonane (3), 8,10-dihydro-8,11-diimino-4,14,24,34,-tetrathia-1,17-diazapentacyclo[15.13.13.05,13.019,23.028,33]tetratriconta-5,7,12,19,20,22,28,30,32-nonaisoiminoindoline (4) or 6-nitro-1,3,3-trichloroisoindolenine (7) in the presence of the corresponding metal salt or a strong organic base. The new compounds were characterized by a combination of elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV–Vis and MS spectral data.


More and more studies have focused on responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change and phenological change, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is a primary component of global carbon cycling. However, it remains unclear whether the climate change or the phenological change has stronger effects on ANPP. In this study, we compared the effects of phenological change and climate change on ANPP during 2000–2013 across 36 alpine grassland sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that ANPP showed a positive relationship with plant phenology such as prolonged length of growing season and advanced start of growing season, and environmental variables such as growing season precipitation (GSP), actual vapor pressure (Ea), relative humidity (RH), and the ratio of GSP to ≥5°C accumulated temperature (GSP/AccT), respectively. The linear change trend of ANPP increased with that of GSP, Ea, RH, and GSP/AccT rather than phenology variables. Interestingly, GSP had the closer correlation with ANPP and meanwhile the linear slope of GSP had the closer correlation with that of ANPP among all the concerned variables. Therefore, climate change, mainly attributed to precipitation change, had a stronger effect on ANPP than did phenological change in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.


After the rural tax reform,the rural town institutions have become the vital issue of Chinese rural reform.This paper presents the concept of "scientific administration",which,in the light of the actual need and capability of rural society,bases on the integration of simplification,democratization and socialization of rural town institutions.In this way,the rural society can ensure a stable and incessant development.


Garlic nowadays has become a basic cooking ingredients in every dishes, and is widely used in food indsutries as well as medical purposes. The skin of garlic has to be peeled off before consumption. However, most people encountered problem as such difficulty to remove garlic skin, where by hand will cause irritation and smells. Worse as it comes to large quantity of garlic which is time consuming and might be detrimental to human health or skin.

Garlic peeling machine was built to overcome this issue. The principle of this garlic peeling machine is by the air pressure of the air compressor. The air flow in the machine blow the garlic to hit the wall to allow the garlic skin to peel off. By utilising this machine, user can now on no need to peel off the skin manually. The benefits of using this machine is save time and energy, as well as productivity increase.

The project is started by researching any possible problem arise on the project so that the objectives is clear to carry on the fabrication of the machine. The following stage is to design planning and dimension of the machine and it should be lead to the material selection process. After gather all the requirement, the machine can be build and testing.

The testing results will be recorded for discussion. Assumption for air pressure supply, input capacity and efficiency of the machine are determined. Although the machine was successfully fabricated, component within the machine is still able to have further improvement to handle different requirement aspect in the coming future.


Student affairs researchers have spent considerable energy studying the affect students' active participation in co-curricular activities has on student success, retention, and completion. Students becoming actively involved in co-curricular activities can have a positive effect on their overall success. However, much of the research pertaining to student engagement has primarily focused on residential student experiences and has often overlooked actively involved commuter students. This thesis contributes to the existing research by specifically investigating commuter student behavior. The study examines the success of commuter students aged 18 to 22 who are engaged in co-curricular experiences at a private, mid-sized, four-year university in New Jersey. The primary question guiding the research is: What are the experiences of commuter students aged 18 to 22 who are engaged in co-curricular activities at a private four year university in New Jersey? The study's line of questioning and theoretical framework is based on Astin's (1984) seminal I-E-O (Input-Environment-Output) model focusing on student involvement.


New Records of Helminths of the Corncrake, Crex crex (Aves, Rallidae) from Ukraine. Syrota, Ya. Yu., Korol, E. M., Kuzmin, Yu. I. — Th e article presents the records and brief descriptions of the trematodes Brachylaima fuscata (Rudolphi, 1819), Prosthogonimus cuneatus (Rudolphi, 1809), Prosthogonimus ovatus (Rudolphi, 1803), and the nematode Cardiofi laria pavlovskyi Ström, 1937 based on the specimens collected from four corncrakes, Crex crex Linnaeus examined on the territory of Ukraine. In the country, P. cuneatus , P. ovatus , and C. pavlovskyi are reported for the fi rst time in this host-species.


This paper provides practical 60 GHz link budget estimation results with IEEE 802.11ad standard-defined parameters and 60 GHz specific attenuation factors. In addition, the parameters from currently developing modular antenna arrays (MAAs) are adopted for estimating the actual link budgets of our 60 GHz integrated MAA platforms. Based on the practical link budget analysis results, we can estimate fundamental limits in terms of achievable data rates over 60 GHz millimeter-wave wireless links.


In current soil–cement practice, a disconnection exists between laboratory mixture design, pavement layer thickness design, and construction quality control. A device was developed to integrate all three of those aspects by allowing compaction of soil–cement into single-use plastic cylinder molds. The device was a metal split-mold design that surrounded the slightly modified plastic mold to prevent distortion of the specimen during compaction. Compaction was performed by use of two methods: a custom-built compaction frame (similar in concept to the ASTM D-1632 device) and a manual modified-Proctor hammer. This paper's objectives are (a) to demonstrate the feasibility of using the new device to produce suitable specimens and (b) to discuss possible applications. More than 750 soil–cement specimens were compacted under laboratory conditions with the new device. Specimens were analyzed for final dimensions (e.g., diameter and height), variability in unconfined compressive strength, and elastic modulus. Analysis showed that the device could produce acceptable test specimens with variability in unconfined compressive strength similar to that of traditional Proctor specimens and that values of specimen elastic modulus were similar to those found in literature. Currently, the Mississippi Department of Transportation is working toward incorporating this new compaction device into its soil–cement practices.


I also wanted to save money for my students, which is important since, as a whole, they are highly indebted upon finishing their degrees.


Rice-like grains are a potential substitute to rice as a quality protein source without sacrificing carbohydrate and fat content. In this study, 11 different combinations of rice-like grains were produced from IPB Var 6 (a non-waxy white corn) and Lagkitan (a waxy white corn). Physicochemical properties (gel consistency and gelatinization), cooking parameters (optimum cooking quality, cooking time, volume expansion, water absorption, and solubility index), sensory characteristics, and acceptability of each corn-based rice-like grain combination were determined. Results show that rice-like grains with higher IPB Var 6 proportions exhibited higher amylose content and are relatively more non-sticky or harder when cooked. Based on gel consistency, composites with higher amounts of IPB Var 6 were classified under rice-like grains that yield less tender cooked grains. In addition, composites with higher IPB Var 6 content have lower gelatinization temperature, required more water to be cooked, and expanded more during cooking. Generally, rice-like grains with 30CO:70CW proportion showed the highest preference score in terms of acceptability based on a seven-point Hedonic rating scale.


Induced absorption in carbon dioxide has been studied at a frequency of 9260 Mc/sec over the temperature range 270°—500°K and to pressures as high as 95 atm. Since the dielectric loss e″ is expected on the basis of the dispersion relations to be proportional to frequency throughout the microwave region the data has been fit with an expansion in the amagat density ρ of the form e′′/ν=Aρ2+Bρ3, where ν is in wavenumbers. It is found that A=2.5(1)×10−8(T/273)−3.0(1), and B/A=−1.05(8)×10−2(T/273)−2.3(3). The molecular quadrupole moment calculated from the first coefficient of the dielectric loss A is then 6.7×10−26 (esu).


Uterine leiomyomas are common benign solid tumors of the uterus. While the presence of fibroids is rarely life threatening, they are associated with symptoms affecting quality of life and fertility. Myomectomy is a standard fertility-sparing surgery which should be considered for women suffering from fibroid-related symptoms who do not desire hysterectomy or any alternative treatment option. While open surgery is thought to be reserved for large and numerous myomas, mini-invasive methods as laparoscopy and robot-assisted surgery have evolved in the hands of experienced surgeons to also deal with these more complex cases. Robotic myomectomy has its advantages in lower blood loss, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stay over open surgery, whereas the comparison outcomes with laparoscopic myomectomy are still uncertain. Advantages of the wristed instruments, three-dimensional vision along with the incorporation of correct surgical techniques could emphasize the benefits of the robotic assisted approach in large and numerous myoma cases. Careful and detailed assessment should precede the surgery to recognize risks and steps to reduce operation time, which tends to be the most presented drawback of robotic myomectomy. As the tendency of robot-assisted surgeries is growing, many authors share their experience or publish comparison studies with other surgical methods. Our article describes the current status concerning robotic myomectomy, reviewing publications from the past five years (2016-2021).


PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND CONTRASTIVE UNITS 1. Introduction 2. Segments, Prosodies and Letters PART TWO: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES AND SEGMENT TYPES 3. Distinctive Features and Major Classes 4. An Analysis in Binary Distinctive Features 5. r-processes and the Potentials of Multivalued Features PART THREE: THE SONORITY SYLLABLE AND PHONOTACTICS 6. Developing the Sonority Syllable Model 7. Phonotactics of the Monomorphemic Monosyllable 8. Extending the Phonotactic Description: polymorphemic monosyllables, and disyllables with schwa PART FOUR: SYLLABLES, SCHWA-DROP, AND PROSODY 9. The Syllable as domain of segmental phonology: consonant gradation and short /a, o/ 10. Stod and Sound Structure: a moraic analysis 11. Schwa-assimilation and "productive stod-addition" 12. Stress Phonologically: prosodic and segmental prominence PART FIVE: WORD STRUCTURE AND ITS RELATION TO PROSODY 13. Systematically Graded Productivity of Endings (SGPE): a model for word structure and its implications for Danish phonology 14. Prosody of Simplex Lexemes: stod and stress 15. Prosody of Simplex Words: stod and stress in inflection 16. Prosody of Complex Words: stod and stress in word formation 17. Epilogue: from word to utterance Appendix References Index


The function of the inlet of a particulate sampler is to capture particles in the air and duct them to a collection filter or a dynamic sensor. For a given inlet the aerosol concentration and size distribution registered by the sampler may be strongly modified by the orientation of the inlet, θ, relative to the ambient wind direction, and by the velocity ratio, R, defined as the ratio of wind velocity to inlet velocity. We have studied such dependence with a thin-walled inlet tube at wind velocities of 250 to 1000 cm/s, inlet velocities of 125 to 1000 cm/s, and angles of 0° to ±90°. For all the tested velocity-combinations differences in sampling efficiency were found for particles above 10 µm in diameter when the aerosol was sampled 15° upward vs. 15° downward from the horizontal. For θ=30 to 90° the sampling efficiency was found to be approximately a function of Stokes number with R as a parameter. At θ=90° the sampling efficiency was approximately a function of Stk . About half or more of the particle ...


Abstract Turbulent premixed flame propagation in a closed spherical vessel with a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow field is modelled using the one-point transport equation for the probability density function (pdf) in the thermodynamic space. The pdf equation is discretized using the control volume formulation on a one-dimensional spherical grid. Then the discretized equation is solved using the Monte Carlo method to follow particles with variable volumes on a grid moving with the expansion radial velocity. The mixing term is modelled using the Curl model, and the modified Curl model. The source term is simulated delerministically using a one-step chemical reaction mechanism. Transient solutions are obtained for spherical benzene-air flames using frozen turbulent flow. The pressure rise, the mass fraction burned, the flame speed, the entrainment speed, the burning speed, and the burned gas speed are calculated. The calculated entrainment speeds are compared with the ones reported in Bradley et al (1992) for KLc>5.3 where distributed reaction zones are assumed to govern the flame propagation. The effects of different turbulent flow field (uvS1) and the effect of the product (KLe) are discussed.


Antiferromagnetic materials are of great interest for spintronics. Here we present a comprehensive study of the growth, structural characterization, and resulting magnetic properties of thin films of the non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn$_{3}$Ir. Using epitaxial engineering on MgO (001) and Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ (0001) single crystal substrates, we control the growth of cubic ${\gamma}$-Mn$_{3}$Ir in both (001) and (111) crystal orientations, and discuss the optimization of growth conditions to achieve high-quality crystal structures with low surface roughness. Exchange bias is studied in bilayers, with exchange bias fields as large as -29 mT (equivalent to a unidirectional anisotropy constant of 11.5 nJ cm$^{-2}$) measured in Mn$_{3}$Ir (111) / permalloy heterostructures at room temperature. In addition, a distinct dependence of blocking temperature on in-plane crystallographic direction in Mn$_{3}$Ir (001) / Py bilayers is observed. These findings are discussed in the context of chiral antiferromagnetic domain structures, and will inform progress towards topological antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.


Summary Configuring a secure network is of paramount importance to all organizations. Accordingly staff should be appropriately qualified and trained. The Cisco Network Academy Program (CNAP) recently introduced the Cisco Network Academy Associate (CCNA) Security course for college students, university students and practicing professionals. This course is designed to provide the skills and knowledge to design, configure and manage a secure network. One of the key technologies employed by this course is the Security Device Manager (SDM). However it has been demonstrated that there are significant limitations with SDM. This problem is exacerbated when courses are offered on-line to remotely located students. This paper demonstrates that these problems are addressed when students are provided with an integrated multimedia based platform incorporating SDM and also the State Model Diagram (SMD) method of device configuration and management.


—Mechanisms by which dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria utilize iron and manganese oxide minerals as terminal electron acceptors for respiration are poorly understood. In the absence of exogenous electron shuttle compounds, extracellular electron transfer is generally thought to occur through the interfacial contact area between mineral surfaces and attached cells. Possible alternative reduction pathways have been proposed based on the discovery of a link between an excreted quinone and dissimilatory reduction. In this study, we utilize a novel experimental approach to demonstrate that Shewanella putrefaciens reduces the surface of crystalline iron oxides at spatial locations that are distinct from points of attachment. Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd


Several researchers have focused on studying driver cognitive behavior and mental load for in-vehicle interaction while driving. Adaptive interfaces that vary with mental and perceptual load levels could help in reducing accidents and enhancing the driver experience. In this paper, we analyze the effects of mental workload and perceptual load on psychophysiological dimensions and provide a machine learning-based framework for mental and perceptual load estimation in a dual task scenario for in-vehicle interaction (https://github.com/amrgomaaelhady/MWL-PL-estimator). We use off-the-shelf non-intrusive sensors that can be easily integrated into the vehicle's system. Our statistical analysis shows that while mental workload influences some psychophysiological dimensions, perceptual load shows little effect. Furthermore, we classify the mental and perceptual load levels through the fusion of these measurements, moving towards a real-time adaptive in-vehicle interface that is personalized to user behavior and driving conditions. We report up to 89% mental workload classification accuracy and provide a real-time minimally-intrusive solution.


ADDITIONAL NOTE.—During the reviewing of the V.C. records several specimens were seen of " apparent" Stereocaulon pileatum from S.E. England (V.C. 17), one specimen in actual fact being obtained from a wall of a London suburb and another on decorticate wood. In view of the general arctic-alpine affinities of S. pileatum and the apparent presence of Gleocapsa in the cephalodia instead of Stigonema, this material needs further investigation and will be the subject of a later communication.


Brown adipose tissue dissipates energy in the form of heat via uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 and has attracted much attention as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Lipolysis and thermogenesis in white and brown adipocytes are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system through the adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane. The β3-adrenergic receptor agonist is an excellent candidate for the treatment of obesity because the β3 isoform is expressed exclusively in adipocytes and is therefore devoid of actions on other cell types such as cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells through the other isoforms-β1 and β2. The attempts to develop clinically useful β3-adrenergic receptor agonists, however, have failed because of inadequate bioavailability and efficacy in humans1 .


The incidence, type and distribution of polyneuropathy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were assessed and also analyzed the causative factors. Forty-four patients, mean age 66.1 years (42 male, 2 female), have been investigated with arterial gas analysis, pulmonary function test, clinical and electrodiagnostic studies. None of them had conditions known to affect the peripheral nervous system such as metabolic disorders or drugs. In a selected group of 44 patients, electrophysiological findings of polyneuropathy were found in 22 patients(50%), clinical polyneuropathy were diagnosed in 13 patients(9 patients were diagnosed by electrophysiological studies, 4 patients were normal by electrophysiological studies). These findings indicate that subclinical polyneuropathy(13 patients, 30%) more commonly occurs than clinical polyneuropathy(9 patients, 20%) in associated with COPD. In the patients with polyneuropathy, the lesions were predominant axonal degeneration, the changes were more involved in leg than arm, more frequently affected sensory fibers. We could not find etiologic factor to cause polyneuropathy in COPD patients.


Objective: To compare the efficacy of fosfomycin trometamol and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Methods: Prospective clinical study was conducted among pregnant women who were followed as part of routine prenatal care at Government Hospital Sarwal, Jammu, India with complaints of lower UTI were assessed. 60 patients were enrolled, divided into 2 equal groups for treatment with single-dose fosfomycin trometamol and 5-day courses of cefuroxime axetil. Follow-up was carried out after 5 weeks. Results: The treatment groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, clinical compliance rate and adverse effects. But the patients who were taking 5-day courses of cefuroxime axetil showed statistically significant higher cure rate as well as lower recurrence rate as compared to fosfomycin trometamol group. Conclusion: Treatment with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol and 5-day courses of cefuroxime axetil were found similar in terms of compliance rate and adverse effects but effectiveness in curing the UTI significantly higher higher among patients who were taking 5-day courses of cefuroxime axetil therapy.


Optica Caroni's showcases became more dynamic effective the first quarter of 2007. The leading retailer for eyeglasses in the country chose UnoLink as its new supplier of content for the plasma screens located in stores nationwide. UnoLink's product "DIGITAL SHOWCASE" is now an integral part of Optica Caroni's communications & sales strategy. This important retailer chose UnoLink to design and update its screens after evaluating our applications in clinics and movie theatres. They specifically identified the possibility of showing original videos and updated graphics in an ongoing manner. The strategy presented by UnoLink fulfils the market expectations while the content matches the target, place and time when the spaces are shown; thus rendering the screens a fundamental tool to increase the effective traffic of people to the stores, instead of an added visual feature.


This article articulates the results of an ongoing study in an urban school in New York City in which student and teacher researchers engage in practices that support the science success of the schools' predominantly Latino/a and African American population. By situating the study in the nature of corporate and communal practices, the article demonstrates the necessity for an expansion of approaches to teaching and learning that includes students' ways of knowing. Furthermore, the article shows the emergence of analogy as an outcome of embracing communal teaching practices. For educators and researchers interested in urban teaching and learning, it is necessary to deconstruct the modes of thought and practice that currently influence urban education. It is also


Triplicate ponds (0.07-ha) were stocked with either a single size group (11–12 cm) or mixed size groups (either smalls 7–8 cm, mediums 11–12 cm or larges 15–16 cm) of all-male tilapia hybrids of female Tilapia nilotica x male T. hornorum. After 140 days, smalls, mediums and larges gained 1.89, 3.10 and 2.59 g/day in mixed stocking, respectively, while mediums in single stocking gained 2.59 g/day. In mixed stocking, growth of smalls was depressed due to competition with mediums, larges, or both. Larges apparently expended mre energy on nest building and guarding, thus allowing mediums to maximize their food intake and growth. Lack of a predetermined hierarchy under single stocking resulted in depressed growth.


The research is aimed at curricula development in the system of further education based on the competence approach and integration of managerial training and practical applications. The study was carried out in accordance with the systematic approach considering the dynamics and interactions of structural elements of training system; and factorial approach identifying the optimization options of pedagogical process. The research methods include the theoretical analysis and synthesis, experimental data analysis, personal involvement method, and interviews. The author identifies the factors hindering the process of further managerial training; emphasizes the need for personal and professional competences development; and describes the competence matrix method, designed for balancing the requirements for the leadership training and based on the European and National Qualifications Frameworks. The research outcomes can be used for coordinating the system of further managerial training with the labor market demands.


electricity market is that peak demand far exceeds availability. The negative consequences of the demand–supply imbalance have raised a question about the reliability of electricity supply in other areas of the country. Analysts and consumers alike are now asking if there will be sufficient electricity to meet the anticipated demand over the next few years. When thinking about the reliability of supply, two issues come to mind. The most obvious is the question of generation capacity. Are there enough power plants to meet demand? Second, and often overlooked, is the structure of the transmission network. Will the current system be able to move the expected increased amounts of electricity from power plants to consumers? Both of these elements determine the reliability of supply in a region. According to the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC), the reliability of supply is acceptable in most U.S. regions; problems are currently localized to the Western states and New York. However, continuous monitoring, planned additions to generation and transmission systems, and sensible restructuring schemes are vital to ensuring reliability of supply as more states progress in restructuring their electricity markets. NERC was formed in 1968 as a notfor-profit organization to promote the reliability of electricity supply for all of North America. Its members consist of 10 regional councils, which oversee reliability issues for the member states within their region (Chart 1 ). What follows is a brief outlook for each of these regions based on NERC's most recent reliability assessment.


The paper makes an on-the-spot investigation concerning the production,income increase and consumption in the areas of Longhe and Taiping of Dongshengyong in Yanbian,and a conclusion is drawn that in the circumstances of weak infrastructure in rural areas and inadequate public service facilities in urban districts,the phenomenon that rural consumption is becoming urbanized owing to marketization will result in the widening gap between urban and rural areas and may last for a long time.The paper points out that more attention should be focused on both how to increase the employment and income of farmers,and how to improve rural living conditions.


The wavelength of the illuminating radiation used in studies of photofield emission is comparable to the diameter of the shank of the field emitter. Under these conditions, diffraction is expected to play an important role in determining the absorption of energy from the electromagnetic field. The complicated geometry of the field emitter has so far prevented an exact calculation of this effect. By considering the diffraction of a plane wave by an idealized model of a field emitter, we have calculated the absorption of energy from an incident focussed laser beam. Calculations based on the present results yield accurate predictions of the magnitude of the temperature rise and its dependence on the position of the focal spot and on the direction of polarization of the incident beam.


This chapter focuses on the cost of manufacturing a product with a supporting discussion of the methods of management science analytics, which may be deployed for production design and operations optimization. It discusses the notion of optionality for several different purposes, namely, to identify equipment portfolio, design line throughput, purposefully select bottleneck(s), engineer product flexibility, and manage the inventory of work in process (WIP) and finished goods (FG) inventory under the uncertainty of commercial demand modeled endogenously with the plant operations. The chapter reviews discrete???event simulation and probabilistic financial methodology, which we have deployed to characterize an energy storage manufacturing process at General Electric. The goal is to manage throughput, inventory, expense, and fulfillment with an emphasis on the financial ramifications of production engineering and plant operational decision support. The chapter discusses the market and production coupling and treat product design as one of the distinguishing features of an alternative configuration.


A novel higher-order probe correction algorithm is introduced for the spherical near field antenna measurements. The measured signal is processed by the Fast Fourier Transform along $\varphi$ direction, and then are integrated by Gaussian quadrature along $\theta$ direction, thus converting the transmission formula into a series of small matrix equations. In a virtual example simulated by FEKO, a Yagi antenna is used as a higherorder probe to measure a Taylor array. And the receiving signal is transformed by the proposed algorithm to achieve a pattern with high accuracy.


Saturday, May 25 • 2:00pm - 3:30pm
Session 14A: DIY II / Fait-main II
1.Leslie Meier (Western University), Music Branding, Musical Labour, and the 'New D.I.Y.': Dynamics of Dependence and Levers of Control.
2.Larissa Wodtke (University of Winnipeg), Public Service Announcements with Guitars: What Happens When Rock 'n Roll Becomes the Cause?
3.Alexandra Boutros (Wilfrid Laurier University), "In Canada, labels haven't ever done shit": Materialities of DIY Hip Hop, Canadian Style.
Chair / President: Scott Henderson


Properties of cement pastes with fine-ground cerami cs used as an alternative binder replacing Portland ce ment up to 20% of its mass are investigated. At first, the particle s ize distribution of cement and fine-ground ceramics is measured using l aser analyser. Then, the material properties are studied in the ea rly hardening period up to 28 days. The hydration process of stud ied materials is monitored by electrical conductivity measurement us ing TDR sensors. The changes of materials' structures withi n the hardening are observed using pore size distribution measurement. The compressive strength measurements are done as well. Experimenta l results show that the replacement of Portland cement by fine-gro und ceramics in the amount of up to 20% by mass is acceptable solut ion from the mechanical point of view. One can also assume simil ar physical properties of designed materials to the reference m aterial with only Portland cement as binder. Keywords—Fine-ground ceramics, cement pastes, early age properties, mechanical properties, pore size distri bution, electrical conductivity measurement.


In this experimental study, the AISI H13 tool steel (58 HRC) is used for the experiment with CBN tool in a hard turning operation. The tests are carried out at various cutting speeds, feed rates and depth of cut as input parameter. During the experiment, cutting forces, flank wear and surface-roughness values are determined as output parameters. Three components (Ff, Ft and Fc) of the Cutting forces are measured during the tests using a lathe tool dynamometer, while the machined surface-roughness values are determined using a surface roughness tester. The tool maker's microscope is used to measure the flank wear. The measured values of cutting forces, surface-roughness and flank wear are used for the modeling with an art ificial neural network approach. Artificia l Neural Network (ANN) model is developed for the cutting forces, and surface roughness . Predicted values obtained from the ANN model are compared with experimental value. The results obtained indicate that the proposed modeling approach could be effectively used to predict the three component cutting force system and surface-roughness during hard turning. ANN model provides a possible way to a reduce time and save the cost of experiments.


Effects of flow shear on the ion-temperature-gradient-driven instability (ITG mode) is reported. The variable flow shear is created by controllable nonuniform radial electric field. The experimental results show that large flow shear is capable of suppressing the ITG mode but the strength of the required shear is significantly larger than that predicted by most theories.


The utility model discloses a medical sealed-off CO2 laser tube cooling device, which comprises a water tank and a water pump. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model is also provided with a wind cooling heat exchanger using a fan. The wind cooling heat exchanger is connected between the water tank and the water pump through a pipe. The wind cooling heat exchanger using a fan is added on the basis of the water cooling equipment consisting of the water tank and the water pump. The heat exchanger carries on a rapid wind cooling and makes the water temperature lower down quickly. The water cooled by the wind cooling heat exchanger reenters the sealed-off CO2 laser tube through the water pump to cool the laser tube in operation, thus making the cooling effect better.


The utility model relates to a casting type cable protector which is composed of a clamping body and two clamping rings, wherein the two clamping rings are removably connected with both ends of the clamping body, and a plurality of wire grooves are formed on an inner ring of the clamping body. The casting type cable protector is characterized in that antiskid bulges are uniformly arranged on the inner surfaces of the clamping rings, and a plurality of lightening holes are formed in the middle connecting part of the clamping body. According to the casting type cable protector, on one hand, the friction of the cable protector and an oil tube is increased through the antiskid bulges which are arranged on the inner surfaces of the clamping rings, and on the other hand, the weight of the cable protector is reduced through the lightening holes formed in the middle connecting part of the clamping body. Therefore, the connecting firmness of the cable protector and the oil tube is greatly increased, and the cable protector is prevented from moving up and down due to collision with a sleeve in the process of descending or lifting.


The influence of antioxidants and growth hormones on seed germination characters of date of seed production 2017and 2016 of some maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids was studded. The objectives was aimed to investigate the response of germination characters to antioxidants (Humic acid at 500 ppm, Ascorbic acid at 100 ppm, Folic acid at 15 mM and Salicylic acid at 100 ppm and H2O2 at 40 ppm) and growth hormones (GA3 concentrations at 0 ppm,25 ppm,50 ppm) produced during 2017 and 2016 seasons. A laboratory experiment was conducted at Giza Central Seed Testing Laboratory of Central Administration for Seed Certification during May and June 2018. Hybrids maize seed of T.W.C 310, T.W.C 323 and T.W.C 324. The result clearly indicated that 2017 season recorded highest final germination percentage %, germination rate (days), and Energy of germination%. On the other hand, of highest final germination percentage, Germination rate (Days), Germination Index G.I. % and Energy of Germination E.G. % were obtained from T.W.C. 310 cultivar. It could be concluded that, T.W.C. 310 cultivar surpassed final germination percentage, Germination rate (Days), Germination Index G.I, % and Energy of Germination E.G. % from T.W.C 324 and T.W.C 323. The results showed that there were significant differences among all studied Antioxidants. humic acid at 500 ppm, Ascorbic acid at 100 ppm, Folic acid at 15 mM and salicylic acid at 100 ppm and H2O2 at 40 ppm significantly the interaction between Date of production, Hybrids, Growth hormone and antioxidants concentrations as affected final germination percentage germination rate (days), germination index, and Energy of germination were non-significantly. In general, it could be concluded that soaking hybrid TWC 310 seed in salicylic acid at 100 ppm and gibberellic acid at 50 ppm for 24 hours for maximizing germination characters of new and old maize seed.


We give a quantum benchmark for teleportation and quantum storage experiments suited for pure and mixed test states. The benchmark is based on the average fidelity over a family of phase-covariant states and certifies that an experiment cannot be emulated by a classical setup, i.e., by a measure-and-prepare scheme. We give an analytical solution for qubits, which shows important differences with standard state estimation approach, and compute the value of the benchmark for coherent and squeezed states, both pure and mixed.


Psychological problems are common among college students,the causes of which can be physiological,social and personal.The mechanism of their early warning includes establishing indicator system,specifying their targets and range,assessing information and giving warnings.The intervention mechanism has three aspects:theoretical mode of intervening psychological problems,constructing intervention network and specific measures of strengthening awareness,education intervention as well as guidance intervention.To address the psychological problems of college students and to study their warning and intervention mechanism are of realistic significance in improving college students'mental health and constructing a harmonious society.


Current trends in Kenyan education programs in secondary schools indicate that human sexuality education is arousing interest and concern about the best approaches to use to create awareness on the place of sex among students .Although there are subjects in the curriculum that touch on sex education, they leave out certain aspects which predispose students to unhealthy sexual behavior which need to be addressed to augment the exiting knowledge level of sex education .Lack of this knowledge will lead the students to Sexually Transmitted Diseases . premarital sex, early pregnancies and other sexual vices which have an impact on academic performance .Therefore the reasons that can explain the basic content, objectives and need for human sexuality education program are not easily understood .The purpose of this study therefore was to unearth the need for objectives and content for human sexuality education as a first step in designing a curriculum for Kenyan secondary schools on this subject. A descriptive research design was used in this study. Data was collected from a population of N=3550 where a sample n= 494 was used in the study .Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedule and focused group discussion guides. The study found out that there was a strong need for a curriculum on human sexuality education and from the data collected from the field, the researchers recommended objectives and content for human sexuality education program for Kenyan secondary education.


Objective To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features and gene rearrangement of primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma.Methods 2 cases of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma were studied by the clincopathologic observation,immunohistochemical staining and PCR gene rearrangement analysis.Results 2 tumors were found incidentally by physical examimation.The tumor cells were composed of centrocyte-like cells and monocyte-like cells.The tumor cells invaded biliary duct and hepatic cords to form typical lymphoepithelial lesions.The tumor cells were positive for CD20,CD79 α,Pax-5 but negative for T cell markers.IgH gene rearrangement was found in 2 cases.Conclusion Primary hepatic MALT lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma,which is always found incidentally.Clinicopathologic,immunohistochemical and gene rearrangement analysis will be useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this primary hepatic lymphoma.


Over the past decade, improvements in nonlinear materials and new methods such as quasiphasematching, in combination with guided-wave geometries, have led to dramatic increases in the conversion efficiency of three-wave mixing devices.


ABSTRACT Studies on biodiversity of yeasts in Bulgarian food ecosystems are scarce. In present article 14 yeast strains were isolated from various commercial Bulgarian food products and characterized by DNA barcoding analysis. The analysis has shown occurrence in food products various yeasts from the following genera- Saccharomyces, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Isatchenkia, Candida and Rhodotorula.


1 must offer an apology for having no paper this evening, but my work has lately been such as to render it impossible for me to prepare one. But I shall make some remarks upon the subject assigned me. The trend of recent investigations goes to jjrove that tuberculosis is an infectious disease due to the presence of the tubercle bacillus. This attacks almost any portion of the body. The danger of infection is not from the moist state but from the expectorations of the persons having the disease. These expectorations become dry and are blown about in the air, and it is the inhalations of these that give rise to the most frequent forms of phthisis pulmonalis. We have several forms of this, but the form which I propose to discuss is the chronic ulcerative phthisis. That is the general form which we meet with in tuberculosis, and in which the process is slow, as the disease may run over a number of months or years, or may remain quiescent for a length of time. The inhaled bacilli usually attack the apex of the lung, and this is generally supposed to be due to the fact that the expansion here is less vigorous. Consequently the bacilli gain a vantage point there and set up the inflammation which we find accompanying tuberculosis. The disease is manifested by nodular bodies called tubercles, which we find in the bronchioles and elsewhere in the air passages. They excite a certain amount of inflammation wherever located, and this accounts for the fact that however small an area may be infected we never have a case without a case of secondary pneumonia. They are


Multi-view video is becoming a new trend in the multimedia industry. Due to large amount of data generated by such videos, efficient compression and fast encoding speed are hot research areas. Recently MV-HEVC, the multi-view extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has been introduced. It improves the coding efficiency but the encoding complexity has increased. In this paper we propose an early coding unit (CU) splitting decision of the dependent views from the coding tree units (CTUs) depth information of the base view. Maximum depth of the CU (dependent views) is limited to the maximum value of the depths of the eight neighboring CTUs of the co-located CTU in the base view. Experimental results reveal that our proposed technique achieves upto 63.08% reduction in encoding time, when compared with HTM reference software.


Abstract : The development of jet engines has become an integral part of maintaining air superiority. In order to achieve the most advanced engine, research has turned to traditional optimization methods to aid in creating new engine designs. To develop simplified mathematical models representative of the engine, the engine can be separated into its components. A jet engine has three major elements, the compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. This research attempts to make an initial analysis of a two stage compressor to determine values of blade angles and spacing to chord ratios for both stages that produce the highest possible efficiency for the overall two stage compressor. A pitch line model is developed for a two stage compressor and is used in conjunction with a optimization method to solve for the on design air angles and spacing to chord ratios. The results of the model were compared to examples available in current literature to ensure the model properly represents a compressor stage. The off design performance of the results was calculated to determine how the designs for on design operated under off design conditions. Since practical compressors are made up of many stages, consideration is given to which optimization method would be most useful in solving for a multistage compressor.


The natural history museums are part of the knowledge-based society – they develop themselves, they are creative and they undergo many changes. Each of elements mentioned in this dissertation, takes part in this process. Modern education should meet expectations of the knowledge-based society. Various ideas and concepts interject and complement each other. Participation, which can be found in the offers of the modern museums are alternative methods of gaining and mediation of knowledge. Interaction and modern approach to knowledge transfer in the Polish natural history museums are at the beginning of this journey e.g. Natural History Museum ISES PAS in Cracow. Participation in events and workshops, which can be found in the offer of modern institutions are alternative methods of gaining and mediation of knowledge e.g. Jardin des Science Museum in Dijon. The research results allow to formulate a conclusion, that the natural histoty museums influence creation of a knowledge-based cosiety. The reason of this, is the fact, that the modern museums have in their offer broader and more modern activities, based on various methods of mediation of knowledge, e.g. various types of communication. The results of the research include information of the changes in the museums functioning and "new museum staff competences' structure ". Further analysis can be focused on a theoretical and practical concept.


The purpose of this paper is to present a simple, unified critical state constitutive model for both clay and sand. The model, called CASM (Clay And Sand Model), is formulated in terms of the state parameter that is defined as the vertical distance between current state (v, p′) and the critical state line in v–ln p′ space. The paper first shows that the standard Cam-clay models (i.e. the original and modified Cam-clay models) can be reformulated in terms of the state parameter. Although the standard Cam-clay models prove to be successful in modelling normally consolidated clays, it is well known that they cannot predict many important features of the behavior of sands and overconsolidated clays. By adopting a general stress ratio-state parameter relation to describe the state boundary surface of soils, it is shown that a simple, unified constitutive model (CASM) can be developed for both clay and sand. It is also demonstrated that the standard Cam-clay yield surfaces can be either recovered or approximated as special cases of the yield locus assumed in CASM.

The main feature of the proposed model is that a single set of yield and plastic potential functions has been used to model the behaviour of clay and sand under both drained and undrained loading conditions. In addition, it is shown that the behaviour of overconsolidated clays can also be satisfactorily modelled. Simplicity is a major advantage of the present state parameter model, as only two new material constants need to be introduced when compared with the standard Cam-clay models. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Perpetual lifetimes and low maintenance are few of the attractive aspects of sensor nodes that harvest ambient energy. However, their operation depends heavily on the energy profiles of their harvesting source(s). In this work, we study the suitability of energy harvesting sensor (EHS) Nodes, powered using indoor lighting and vibrations, for a simple temperature monitoring application. To help these nodes sustain, we have proposed schemes that allow the nodes to sample and transmit data judiciously. Along with an adaptive sampling based on autoregressive (AR) model, we have proposed a regulating function based transmission scheme that regulates the amount of transmitted data based on the energy available at the node and the characteristics of the data so that even with limited transmissions the fidelity of the data is not lost. With the help of thorough evaluations, we can conclude that an EHS node fares quite well. Results show that adaptive sampling and transmissions based on regulating function not only save energy at the sensor nodes, but they also reduce the amount of data generated and accumulated in a network.


Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer found in women. Breast cancer mortality increases every year because it has not found an appropriate early detection method. MicroRNA can be used as a potential biomarker, because the profile of the microRNA feature in breast cancer will decrease or increase the value of expression compared to normal conditions. But because of the thousands of types of microRNA that make up breast cancer, a lot of money is needed to detect it entirely. Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network Method has good performance in generalization, so it is suitable to be used as a method for classification with many features. The classification results from the neural network model will be more accurate if the parameters used can be optimized precisely. Genetic algorithms can be used to optimize backpropagation neural network parameters as well as feature selection, because of its global search characteristics. This study aims to compare the performance of backpropagation artificial neural networks optimized parameters as well as feature selection using genetic algorithms (GABPNN_ FS) with backpropagation artificial neural networks optimized using genetic algorithms without feature selection (GABPNN). The results showed that the GABPNN had better results with an error value of 0.016115. But GABPNN_ FS has a faster average process duration of 53.2689 seconds. The best individual chromosome translation results on GABPNN_ FS for breast cancer classification based on microRNA profile are random state = 6098, learning rate = 0.7, number of neuron hidden = 6, and selected features = 707 features that produce accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity ie 97.50 %, 99.00% and 96.00%.


Efforts to reorganise pharmacy to encourage the provision of medicines management and patient care created new roles for pharmacists but they remained outside mainstream primary care.


Onin et al. (2008) and Ko et al. (2009) argue that article choice in L2-acquisition by L2 English speakers reflects systemic access to universal semantic features such as definiteness, specificity, and partitivity. Their study focuses on L2-English learners whose native languages lack articles. Ko et al.`s (2009) claim that universal semantic features such as definiteness are at play when these L2-English learners acquire English articles is based on the assumption that speakers of article-less languages such as Korean are not influenced by L1-transfer with regard to article acquisition since article-less languages simply do not have articles. The present study, however, shows that the acquisition of the English definite article by speakers of article-less languages also involves L1-transfer effects, though in a different way from Spanish. This kind of L1-transfer can account for the non-random error patterns attested in L1-Korean L2-English speakers. Thus, the present study argues that the claim from the two previous studies (that adult L2 English speakers from article-less L1 languages can access universal semantic features such as definiteness) is neither fully supported nor convincing.


An injector (1) for injecting a fluid into an exhaust gas treatment device (15) comprising an injector (2) which is positioned in an injector holder (3), wherein the injector (2) and an inlet opening (4), a component (5 ) of the Injektorhalters (3) in the inlet opening (4) extends. Such an injection device (1) is particularly suitable for the supply of urea water solution in the exhaust gas treatment device (15) of a motor vehicle.


Over the past two decades, many countries have embarked upon public service modernisation and development programmes that have sought to alter fundamentally the ways in which citizens are served. These programmes have varied both in their character and pace of change between member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, one common feature has been the efforts made by different public administrations, including here in Ireland, to seek the views of its citizens on a more
systematic basis in order to improve the quality of services delivered, to reduce the burden of red-tape and to assist in the development of policy initiatives more geared to the needs of those for whom they are intended.
It is within such a setting that this discussion paper focuses specifically on experiences to date and lessons to be learned when public service organisations seek to engage more effectively with their external customers, including not just citizens (who are themselves highly diverse in character) but a wide range of organisations (in the public, private and voluntary sectors), at local, regional, national and international levels. The terms of reference for this study were to:
1. Review and evaluate national/international documentary material, identifying and discussing the key issues to be addressed in order to consult effectively with external customers.
2. Consult with key personnel inside and outside the public service, in order to identify examples of good practice in Ireland and overseas, including innovatory approaches.
3. Explore the implications of different approaches to consultation by public service bodies through in-depth discussions in a selected number of such organisations.
4. Identify and discuss key issues to be addressed by public service bodies to encourage more widespread and effective consultation with external customers.
At the outset, the Committee agreed that the study would focus on consultative mechanisms and systems, as well as good practice.


A solar adaptive optics system for a high-dispersion spectrograph is developed at the 60 cm domeless solar telescope of the Hida Observatory in Japan. Details of its optical setup are described for implementing a scanning slit spectroscopy with wavefront correction. A wavefront sensor used in the system is specified and a technique of reducing computational cost in wavefront sensing is also described. In solar observations, the improvement of contrast in images obtained with the adaptive optics system was demonstrated when a sunspot was used as a target of wavefront sensing.


The focus of the present study is not only to analyse the declining trend of the sex ratio in Vadodara city but to examine the underlying causes. From the existing literature on the subject it is apparent that the causes lie within the various structures of the society. While discussing the causes responsible for sex determination (SD) and sex selective abortion (SSA) in India in general and Gujarat in particular it is essential to look at the normative construction of a girl in the society. This requires an examination of the socio-cultural, regional, religious and economic factors. As indicated in several studies, the phenomenon of son-preference and daughter aversion is largely responsible for declining child sex ratio (CSR) and needs to be understood and traced in the cultural context of a given area (Miller, 1981; Mazumdar, 1994; Mutharayappa et al, 1997; Mallik 2003, Visaria, L.2007; Patel, T. 2007; Ravindra, 2007; Bora and Tygai, 2008; Kaur, 2008; Larsen, Hatti and Gooch, 2008; Samaiyar, 2008). These studies indicate that the prevailing structure of patriarchy and the process of gender role socialisation are responsible for the problem.


 Plugging of uptakes and flues due to the carryover of dust from the primary smelting vessel  Corrosion of off-gas handling equipment due to the high acid dew point of the high strength SO2 gas produced in modern non-ferrous processes  The gas must be cooled in a manner that maintains the SO2 strength required for sulfuric acid production  Mechanical problems with dust collection equipment  Carry-over of dust to sulfuric acid production facilities


Although often unacknowledged and unrewarded, peer reviewing is a crucial part of the process of academic scholarship. Surprisingly, not much has been written on the process and experience of peer reviewing, besides a few articles in journals of teaching and learning in higher education. Nor has there been much consideration of peer reviewing as a critical component of the academic project within larger efforts to rethink the problematic euro-western, patriarchal and neoliberal logics that underpin higher education. This article makes a contribution to the emerging interest in the peer reviewing process by considering the experiences of authors in this regard and thinking about reviewing as a pedagogical practice which refuses reviewing as an individualist, competitive and gate-keeping practice. We address reviewing as a key component of the project of reconceptualising knowledge-making practices, within the context of current feminist decolonial and new materialist rethinkings of dominant neoliberal scholarship.  We propose affirmative, response-able peer reviewing as a critical part of the larger project of challenging current conditions and practices in higher education - for doing academia differently.


Filler treatment is one of the recognized methods that can be implemented to improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. However, no research has examined this particular issue from the dynamic perspective. Hence in this study, both untreated and treated polypropylene (PP)/muscovite (M)-layered silicate composites were tested under static and dynamic loadings of up to 1100 s−1, using a universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus, respectively. M particles were treated with lithium nitrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant, through an ion exchange treatment. This treatment process was successfully proven, using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Results show that the treated PP/M specimens with a fine state of dispersion level show better mechanical performances under a wide range of strain rates that were investigated, when compared with the untreated PP/M specimens. In addition, the mechanical properties of both the tested PP/M-layered silicate composites also show great dependency on the strain rate applied, where yield stress, compression modulus, ultimate compressive strength, and absorbed energy steadily increased when the strain rate was increased. However, the yield strain shows a contrary trend. Postdamage analyses were found to be consistent with the mechanical results for both tested specimens.


Russia and China are assumed to challenge democratization and to promote autocracy. In a first step, we analyze Central Asia as the most-likely case, considering both Russia and China as relevant external actors. We develop a concept for our analysis based on the different strategies of Russia (dominance) and China (doing-business) towards the region and present the results of a qualitative study of the main dimensions of autocracy promotion with respect to regional and bilateral schemes. In a second step, we extend a previous framework (Melnykovska and Schweickert 2011) and provide econometric evidence based on a panel of post-socialist countries. We show that bilateral schems are (still) more relevant for external influences in Central Asia and that (unintentionally) China's doing- business approach may in fact promote institutional change. Arguably, democratization should not be a precondition for cooperation as in European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) but rather be promoted by sweeping economic cooperation incentives.


To identify joints commonly exhibiting bone erosions using an extended 36‐joint sonographic (US) examination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to study bone erosion in relation to US‐detected joint inflammation.


Engine and hydraulic pump integrated control of a construction machine, the engine, having an actuator operated by a hydraulic fluid from the control valve and the control valve for controlling the hydraulic pump, the discharged hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump driven by the engine in the engine system for a construction machine, which, by calculating the change automatic mode index as a function of a second state value that indicates the work rate at which the first state value and the operator indicating the load on the hydraulic pump request power mode of the hydraulic pump depending on whether the power mode determination unit for determining whether or not to change, the change of the power mode is to set the number of revolutions of the engine according to the change if the pump power setting unit, and the power mode is to set the power mode of the hydraulic pump It comprises parts of the engine speed setting.


Abstract : A summary is given of the facilities necessary to adequately test the performance of electro-optic seekers and their components. The basic tests which need to be performed are reviewed, with special emphasis on those for imaging seekers. New developments in seeker technology have required a re-assessment of the standard tests, and some novel methods are proposed. Homing devices, Infrared tracking, Imaging techniques.


This document provides health care professionals, hospitals, health care systems and non-hospital affiliated centers with credentialing and privileging guidelines for providers who attend hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatments. The goal is to ensure optimal patient safety and the appropriate utilization of hyperbaric medicine.


Translation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) typically abrogates translation for the main ORF (mORF) and regulates protein expression. uORFs are present in nearly 50% of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, but their impact and regulation on biological processes are understudied. Mining of ribosome profiling data from next-generation sequencing analysis of human and mouse hearts reveals that most translated uORFs reside within mRNAs of transcription factors, which play essential roles in cardiomyocyte (CM) development and growth. We show that the uORF start codon synergizes with an immediate downstream double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) element to activate uORF and inhibit mORF translation. Biochemical and genetic evidence support that this mechanism is utilized by mRNAs encoding multiple transcription factors such as GATA4 (GATA binding protein 4), encoding a master transcription regulator of CM differentiation and pathological hypertrophy. Intriguingly, a trans-acting regulatory factor, DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3X, is involved in unwinding the dsRNA structure and promoting mORF translation. We develop two types of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that mimic the unwinding or stabilizing of the dsRNA secondary structure, thereby suppressing or enhancing the translation of this uORF, respectively. Genetic or chemical inactivation of this GATA4 uORF using CRISPR-Cas9 or ASOs in human embryonic stem cells lead to enhanced differentiation into CMs and cellular hypertrophy. At the organismal level, short-term treatment of isoproterenol and surgery-induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse models with uORF-enhancing ASOs reduces
 GATA4
 mRNA translation and antagonizes cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. As a summary, this uORF-dsRNA element is a new tunable regulator of cardiac transcription factor mRNA translation and can be targeted to alter cellular and organismal phenotypes. Moreover, mechanism-based translation-manipulating ASOs can serve as promising biotechnological tools to regulate gene expression
 in vitro
 and
 in vivo
 and can be adapted to create novel RNA-based therapeutics.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most common human prion pathology. The case report we describe is emblematic of this disease in its form of onset and progression. We have reported the symptoms and the diagnostic possibilities: a 82 years old man accused suddenly confusion, agitation, memory impairment with rapid progression of cognitive decline and psychiatric signs and the appearance of other neurological deficits that led the patient quickly to coma leading to death. Then, the pathological examination clarified the nature of patient's medical and it allowed players to make the diagnosis.


1. Quantitative ultrastructural examinations of axon terminals synapsing with normal α‐motoneurones in segment T9 of cat spinal cord provided estimates of their numbers, sizes and synaptic structure. One synapse, the C type, derived from short‐axon propriospinal segmental interneurones, was studied in detail.


Objective
To investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, and to provide a feasible new method for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of medical history of 13 patients who had polycystic ovary syndrome and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed. Telephone follow-up was conducted at the time of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery, the changes of menstruation, skin, hair, sex hormones and etc were investigated.

Results
No complications occurred in 13 cases. The symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome were relieved in different degrees after the surgery.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Key words:
Polycystic ovary syndrome; Laparoscopy; Gastrectomy


Automatically read results have been shown to be very accurate, When computer and manually read results were compared excellent agreement was found, i.e., ± 1 mEq/L for plasma sodium and chloride, ±0'5 mEqjL for bicarbonate and ±O'l mEq./L for potassium. When discrepancies were noted these were invariably due to errors in manual readings, and while computer readings are absolutely reproducible hand-read results are not. Routine application of the procedure will save time as well eliminate these human errors; readings from 100 peaks can be processed by the Elliott 803 computer in approximately 1 minute. Other benefits will follow when the potentialities of the computer are further exploited.


A potyvirus isolated from an ornamental Allium ampeloprasum cv. 'Murasame' showing mosaic and white necrosis on the leaves, collected in Kurashiki, was identified as an isolate of leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV). LYSV was transmitted by aphids, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, in a non-persistent manner and by sap-inoculation to 6 of 49 species from 4 of 11 families. A. ampeloprasum cv. 'Miyako' and A. giganteum were infected systemically and produced mosaic symptoms on leaves. Local lesions were produced on Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa, whereas systemic latent infection was produced on Spinacia oleracea and latent local infection was on Gomphrena globosa. Sap from the diseased C. quinoa was infective after 10min heating at 50C but not 55C, after dilution to 10-3 but not 10-4 and after 4 days but not 8 days at 20C. The virus particles were filamentous, about 820nm long. The virus was purified from locally infected C. quinoa leaves by clarifying sap extracted in 0.5M phosphate buffer with chloroform/carbon tetrachloride mixture followed by PEG precipitation, differential centrifugations through sucrose cushion and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. LYSV contained a single protein species of mol. wt. 36, 500 daltons. In ultrathin sections of the virusinfected C. quinoa leaves, cytoplasmic inclusions containing pinwheels, scrolls and short curved laminated aggregates were observed in the cytoplasms. LYSV reacted with LYSV antiserum donated from Ir.D.Z. Maat (the Netherlands) and the antiserum to LYSV produced by immunizing a rabbit (titer: 1/512), but not with antisera to bean yellow mosaic virus, clover yellow vein virus, freesia mosaic virus, iris mild mosaic virus, iris severe mosaic virus, narcissus yellow streak virus, onion yellow dwarf virus, turnip mosaic virus and potato virus Y.


Patients with alcoholic hepatitis with plasma B12 levels above 800 pg/ml have overt clinical manifestations of liver disease including severe hepatocellular damage. High plasma B12 levels significantly correlate (P less than 0.0001) with standard liver function tests, e.g. bilirubin, cholylglycine, alkaline phosphatase, AST and prothrombin time as an index of the severity of hepatic damage. Decrease in plasma B12 to normal titres implies a decrease in the severity of alcoholic liver disease, whereas increased plasma B12 levels relate to increased severity and mortality.


This paper introduces the market performance and technological advance of Korean Enterprises firstly,then analyses the strategy patterns of Korean enterprises with the case of Samsung.In the end,the paper offers some suggestions for Chinese enterprises.


Municipal solid waste (MSW) characteristics including generation rates, composition, proximate analysis, and recycling potential were evaluated for suggesting the appropriate recycling-based municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Padang City. Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-3964-1994 was used as guidance for obtaining MSW characteristic through 8 consecutive days sampling in 2016. MSW characteristics from domestic and commercial areas were compared and evaluated to find the most suitable recycling-based MSWM for each area. As a result, both areas show MSW differently in composition. Domestic area generates higher food and yard waste compared to commercial area. On the contrary, commercial area generates higher amount of dry waste. Recycling potential data shows that domestic area generates biodegradable waste (59.420 % weight) higher than that of commercial area (21.816 % weight), while commercial area generates marketable waste (47.949 % weight) higher than that of domestic area (5.730 % weight). Aerobic or anaerobic treatment facility must be implemented for domestic area, while sorting, collecting, sell and recycling activities of marketable dry waste must be carried out more intensive for commercial area. Such treatments and activities must be incorporated into 3R waste treatment facility/TPS 3R, integrated waste treatment facility/TPST, and waste bank (WB).


We investigate how cluster morphology is affected by the cosmological constant in low-density universes. Using high-resolution cosmological N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of flat cold dark matter (ΛCDM; Ω0 = 0.3, λ0 = 0.7) and open cold dark matter (OCDM; Ω0 = 0.3, λ0 = 0) universes, we calculate statistical indicators to quantify the irregularity of the cluster morphologies. We study axial ratios, center shifts, cluster clumpiness, and multipole-moment power ratios as indicators for the simulated clusters at z = 0 and 0.5. Some of these indicators are calculated for both the X-ray surface brightness and projected mass distributions. In ΛCDM all these indicators tend to be larger than those in OCDM at z = 0. This result is consistent with the analytical prediction of Richstone, Loeb, & Turner, that is, clusters in ΛCDM are formed later than in OCDM and have more substructure at z = 0. We perform a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on each indicator for these two models. We then find that the results for the multipole-moment power ratios and the center shifts for the X-ray surface brightness are under the significance level (5%). Our results also show that these two cosmological models can be distinguished more clearly at z = 0 than at z = 0.5 by these indicators.


presenting the selected educational activities addressed to Polish seniors, which aim at minimizing the risk of victimization occurring at the banking and shadow banking market. The empirical data necessary to perform the analyses originate from the OECD report and the author's survey studies carried out in November 2015 within the sample of 50 senior citizens residing in Lower Silesia region.


A. Regional cerebral metabolism in patients with thalamic painPET studies were performed in 11 cases of thalamic pain after CVD (cerebrovascular disease) to elucidate its metabolic features in the brain. They consisted of either a C15O2-15O2 continuous inhalation study to measure regional cerebral oxygen consumption (rCMRO2), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), or an 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) study to measure regional cerebral glucose utilization (CMRGL) Subjects (patients and controls) in the gas (C15O2-15O2) study were divided into 4 different groups : a thalamic lesion group with pain (P-Th group) (4 cases), a putaminal lesion group with pain (P-Put group) (6 cases), a thalamic lesion group without pain (NP-Th group) (2 cases) and a normal control group (N group) (3 cases). An FDG study was performed in 4 cases : 3 cases of thalamic pain and 1 normal control. Gas study was additionally performed in pain cases.In the P-Th group, rCMRO2 was relatively well maintained in most brain structures except lesioned sensory-thalamus. In the cerebral cortex around the central sulcus, the rCMRO2 level was almost normal. Furthermore, rOEF and the relative value of CMRGL, compared with rCMRO2, also increased in these structures. In the P-Put and NP-Th group, however, rCMRO2 decreased in all brain structures, as did rCBF, rOEF and CMRGL, and in the P-Put group, the oxygen-glucose molar utilization ratio (OGMUR) was within the normal limit. Therefore, CBF and oxygen metabolism in the thalamus on the CVD lesion side decreased in all cases with thalamic pain. In the P-Th group, it was suggested that the function of the nonspecific activating afferences, including the thalamic intralaminar nuclei, was maintained, and abnormal (excess) neural activity had occurred in the cerebral cortex around the central sulcus.B. Pathophysiology of thalamic painCT study in cases with thalamic pain showed that the damage to the ventral postero-lateral part of the thalamus was an important factor in the development of spontaneous pain. In the pain group the size of lesions was apparently smaller than that of other sensory disturbance groups in the chronic stage. Furthermore, thalamic electrophysiological study showed that the character of thalamic pain, both deep and superficial, was associated with that of local pathophysiology in the thalamic sensory nucleus. In the non-thalamic lesion group, we could recognize more deep than superficial pain, and BNA (background neural activity) was relatively well preserved in the ventral thalamus. It was also suggested that functional change or reorganization in the thalamic sensory nucleus occurred in this group. In the thalamic lesion group, superficial pain was predominant, and BNA decreased markedly in the ventral thalamus, particularly in the VC nucleus. Cerebral metabolic study in this group indicated that rCMRO2 was relatively well maintained in the cerebral cortex around the central sulcus, and rOEF and the relative value of CMRGL, compared with rCIVIRO2, also increased. These findings suggest that the function of the nonspecific activating afferences, including thalamic intralaminar nuclei, was maintained, and abnormal (excess) neural activity had occurred in the cerebral cortex around the central sulcus (senrori-motor cortex).These studies lead us to postulate that thalamic pain may be ascribed to both dysfunction of the thalamic relay nucleus and sensory cortex.


To mitigate global warming, a system dissolving huge amounts of CO2 gas captured from fossil fuel fired power plants into the ocean with high acceptance by the ocean environment is indispensable. To this aim, we propose a sequestration system of CO2 in the deep ocean. The system is an inverse-J pipeline set in the ocean at a depth of 200−3000 m. In the system, a pumping effect by buoyancy of the dissolving CO2 bubbles is used to transport CO2-rich seawater to great depths. In the present paper, we discuss characteristics and performance of our proposal on the basis of experimental and numerical investigation. In a laboratory-scale experiment (pipe diameter of 25 mm and pipe height of 7.69 m), we observed over 98% dissolution of injected CO2 gas into tap water. The liquid-phase flow caused by gas-lift effect was strong enough to transport the CO2-rich water including nondissolved tiny bubbles into the deep ocean. Then a numerical simulation based on the experimentally derived models was applied to a system...


The most important part of the new spin-foam loop quantum gravity formulation is the map $Y$: $H^{SU(2)} \rightarrow H^{SL(2,C)}$. It was only recently shown that the Y-Map is convergent in spite of the fact that the classical Peter-Weyl theorem is not applicable to it, as Lorentz group is not compact. In this paper we provide an alternative map $\tilde{Y}$. The $\tilde{Y}$ map has an advantage of preserving the Lorentz covariance, which gets broken in the case of Y-Map. The image of a new map $\tilde{Y}$ contains the weighted infinite sum of $SL(2,C)$ matrix coefficients. The sum is convergent and its limit is the square integrable functions of $SL(2,C)$ with the measure $L^2(g, e^{-|Y|^2/\hbar}\eta(g) du \,dY )$ according to the Holomorphic Huebschmann-Peter-Weyl theorem, which is applicable to the rational representations of the non-unitary groups, particularly non-unitary finite Lorenz representations. Since in LQG the unitary evolution is not mandatory as it does not follow from the Wheeler-DeWitt dynamics equation, the choice of the non-unitary representation is valid. As it was stated in the original LQG formulation: "there is no sense in which conventional unitarity is necessary in the theory".


Accurate predictions of flow patterns in liquid-liquid flow are critical to the successful design and operation of industrial and geo-energy systems where two liquids are jointly transported. Unfortunately, there is no unified flow pattern map, because all published maps are based on limited ranges of dimensional parameters. Dimensional analysis was performed on oil-water horizontal flows, to obtain some relevant dimensionless parameter groups (DPG) for constructing flow pattern maps (FPM). The following combinations of DPG were used: (i) the ratio of mixture Reynolds number to Eotvos number versus water fraction, (ii) the ratio of Weber number to Eotvos number versus water fraction, (iii) the mixture Froude number versus water fraction, (iv) the water Froude number versus oil Froude number, (v) the ratio of gravity force to viscous force versus water fraction. From twelve published experimental studies, 2696 data points were gathered and analysed covering a variety of flow patterns including stratified, stratified mixed, dispersed oil in water, dispersed water in oil, annular and slug flows. Based on the performed analysis, it was found that flow patterns could occupy more than one isolated region on the DPG-based flow pattern map. None of the combinations of DPG can mark out all the considered flow patterns, however, some combinations of DPG are particularly suitable for marking out the regions associated with some flow patterns.


The study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the academic performance of Bachelor of Science in Food Technology (BSFT) students of Bulacan Agricultural State College. Purposive sampling was used in the study wherein all BSFT students were instructed to answer a survey disseminated through social media platforms. The instrument comprises questions to obtain program selection information during admission test and a 5-point Likert scale (5-definitely true to me; 4-true to me; 3-uncertain; 2-not true to me; 1-definitely not true to me) to rate the given factors. Six factors were evaluated in this study which includes the course, study habit, learning style, motivation, teacher, and social factors. Results showed that the majority of students are positive in their academic performance. Students appear to be confident in their study habits. The BSFT students agree that the professors have demonstrated professional, ethical, and moral attitudes toward them.  Results also showed that BSFT students express more compassion in their studies than in their social life. It is recommended that activities to improve the engagement of students in the program should be created. This could be done through immersion in some of the actual work of food technology professionals e.g. research and community involvement. Realizing their contribution to society may improve their perception of the course and enhance their study habits toward better academic performance.


Abstract Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), Alaska yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), and Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) were submitted to supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SCC) and Soxhlet extracted (SE) with hexane. The components in the extracted oils were identified by GC-MS. The oils were evaluated against two common wood decay fungi, brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor). The SCC extraction yields of J. virginiana, C. nootkatensis, and C. lawsoniana were 3.27%, 3.22%, and 3.29%, respectively. The SE yields of J. virginiana, C. nootkatensis, and C. lawsoniana were 0.80%, 0.71%, and 1.52%, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that SCC extracted cedar oils had higher antifungal activities than SE cedar oils against both fungi. In vitro studies showed that C. nootkatensis oils have the strongest antifungal activity, followed by C. lawsoniana, and J. virginiana oil.


Abstract For certain uncountable cardinals κ, we produce a group of cardinality κ which is freely indecomposable, strongly κ-free, and whose abelianization is free abelian of rank κ. The construction takes place in Gödel's constructible universe L. This strengthens an earlier result of Eklof and Mekler.


Ever since electric power was generated, pricing of electricity proved to be a thorny issue. Thanks to the inputs of professional economists who did not enter the debate until the 1910s, there are two lines of argument that have shaped the orthodox view about rate setting in the power sector. One is related to the categorical imperitive that marginal cost (MC) pricing is first best on economic efficiency grounds. The other hinges on the problem that if a profit maximizing electric utility enjoys (rightly or wrongly) the status of a monopoly, it cannot be expected to base prices on marginal costs. This paper provides an outline of, and comments on both standard analytical problems and new concepts relevant to electricity pricing. To simplify matters, the focus is on the generation end, i.e., the emergent and highy controversial issues of transmission pricing will be neglected. The paper maintains the view that on economic grounds, pricing of electricity is essentially different from attaching price tags to, for instance, furniture. A key to the difference lies in cost characteristics. Power generation is an example of joint production with economies of scope; the power sector is saddled with substantial fixed costs, and there may exist scale and network economies. These features, which are discussed, have a strong bearing on the efficient industry structure and the way in which multiproduct pricing policies can sustain efficient production and investment plans.


l-Dihydrocarveol and its acetate were oxidized with a solution of selenium dioxide dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol, in the range of 15∼50°C. In the case of l-dihydrocarveol, the active methyl group of C9 position outside the ring was oxidized mainly. As the reaction products, dihydrocarvone, 8(9)-p-menthene-2,10-diol and 8(9)-p-menthen-2-ol-10-al were obtained. In the case of l-dihydrocarvyl acetate, the active methylidyne group of C4 position in the ring was oxidized mainly.trans (8)9-p-Menthen-2,4-diol and its monoacetate, 8(9)-p-menthen-2-ol-10-al acetate and 3, 8(9)-p menthadien-2-ol were identified. Excepting dihydrocarvone, these products are new compounds.


As the residential buildings have been higher and automated, the residents in the high-rise residential buildings have required more comfortable and cleaner waste treatment. They need fundamental answers for the disgusting waste treatment from their residences. Thanks to the development of the automated waste treatment such as pneumatic refuse collection system, a sanitized and comfortable living environment can be expected. From the date of Jan. 1st, 2005, Korean government prohibited the kitchen waste from filling in the reclaimed land. Considering the policy towards the reduction of the kitchen waste from foodstuffs, an effective method to reduce or reuse it should be arranged from nation-wide point of view. This study aims to collect the data on the waste treatment equipments to improve the quality of life and the comfort in the high-rise residential buildings, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of them, and finally to present the waste treatment system suitable for the high-rise residential buildings.


Communication between cortical and subcortical regions is integral to a wide range of psychological processes and has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions. Studies in animals have provided insight into the biochemical and connectivity processes underlying such communication. However, to date no experiments that link these factors in humans in vivo have been carried out. To investigate the role of glutamate in individual differences in communication between the cortex – specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) – and subcortical regions in humans, a combination of resting-state fMRI, DTI and MRS was performed. The subcortical target regions were the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsomedial thalamus (DMT), and periaqueductal grey (PAG). It was found that functional connectivity between the mPFC and each of the NAc and DMT was positively correlated with mPFC glutamate concentrations, whilst functional connectivity between the mPFC and PAG was negatively correlated with glutamate concentration. The correlations involving mPFC glutamate and FC between the mPFC and each of the DMT and PAG were mirrored by correlations with structural connectivity, providing evidence that the glutamatergic relationship may, in part, be due to direct connectivity. These results are in agreement with existing results from animal studies and may have relevance for MDD and schizophrenia. Copyright: ß 2013 Duncan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Electronic conductance through a single molecule is sensitive towards its structural orientation between two electrodes, owing to the distribution of molecular orbitals and their coupling to the electrode levels, that are governed by quantum confinement effects. Here, we vary the contact geometry of the porphine molecule by attaching two Au tip electrodes that resemble the mechanical break junction, via thiol anchoring groups. We investigate the current-voltage characteristics of all the contact geometries using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism along with density functional theory and tight-binding framework. We observe varying current responses with changing contact sites, originating from varied wave-function delocalization and quantum interference effect. Our calculations show asymmetric current-voltage characteristics under forward and reverse biases due to structural asymmetry of the tip electrodes in either sides of the molecule. We establish this phenomenon as a universal feature for any molecular electronic device, irrespective of the inherent structural symmetry of a molecule. This will provide fundamental insights of electronic transport through single molecule in real experimental setup. Furthermore, our observations of varying current response can further motivate the fabrication of sensor devices with porphine based biomolecules that control important physiological activities, in view of their applications in advanced diagnostics.


In this paper we estimate the impact of the 2004 U.S. tobacco quota buyout in both the U.S. and foreign tobacco markets. It is important to understand the impact of the buyout given the trend of decreasing demand for U.S. tobacco in domestic and international markets. While some empirical research has estimated the impact of the tobacco buyout, none has estimated the impact on both flue-cured and burley tobacco separately, and accounted for the response of imports. Using a multi-market partial equilibrium model with elasticity estimates from the tobacco literature and tobacco production cost data, we simulate the impact of the quota buyout on prices and shipments for U.S. and foreign suppliers in U.S. and foreign markets. We find that shipments of both U.S.-produced burley and flue-cured tobacco increase to both markets, while shipments of foreign produced tobacco falls to both markets. Also, assuming that supply is highly elastic from all sources, market prices for U.S.-produced tobacco are estimated to fall by about 20 to 23 percent, while market prices for foreign-produced tobacco are estimated to fall by less than one percent.


Lipid signaling pathways regulate many cellular processes in eukaryotes [1]. PLCs are the major players in lipid signaling, triggered by numerous environmental cues in plants. PLC signaling module is well established in animal system where, upon perception of a stimulus, PLC hydrolyze the membrane bound PI [2-5] P2 lipids to produce DAG and IP3. After hydrolysis, DAG remains attached to the membrane and activates protein kinase C (PKC) while IP3 moves to the cytoplasm to bind ligand gated Ca2+ channels (IP3 receptors) resulting in the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular reservoirs. This model doesn't hold completely true and still debatable in plant system, as the level of PI [4,5] P2 in plant membrane is very low, and no IP3 receptors, and equivalents of animal PKC have not been identified till date in plants. Instead, the phosphorylated products of DAG and IP3 i.e. PA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) and IP6 are thought to function as second messenger in plants [2].