Abstract In this study, we evaluated the effects of the storage time on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compound content, and antioxidant capacity of jam prepared from grape peel extract to explore its potential as a supplementary food and/or functional ingredient. The ethanolic extract from Syrah var. grape peel exhibited high bioactive compound concentrations and antioxidant activity. The jam stability (prepared with 8.9% of extract) at 14°C was evaluated at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The jam was found to contain high concentrations of polyphenolic compounds (137.0 ± 3.2 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g), total flavonoids (128.5 ± 23.0 mg of equivalent/100 g), and total anthocyanins (92.5 ± 4.0 mg of cyanidin equivalent/100 g). However, a large reduction in the flavonoid (70%–90%), anthocyanin (29%–35%), and phenolic (23%–30%) content was observed during storage. The free radical‐scavenging activity (DPPH−), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assays revealed the great antioxidant potential of the jam prepared from grape peel extract, which exhibited significant levels of radical‐neutralizing activity, especially as determined by the DPPH method with EC50 values ranging from 2.3 ± 0.1 to 3.9 ± 0.1 µg/ml. High R 2 values (p > 0.90) were obtained for the correlation between the DPPH results and the concentrations of the compounds of interest. In summary, the high bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of the jam produced from grape peel suggest that it may provide health benefits as a source of natural antioxidants upon incorporation to several food industry products.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography in evaluation of fistulas in ano and to assess its possible role as a first‐line investigation, for follow‐up, and as a possible substitute for magnetic resonance imaging.


Abstract NUMEROUS reports involving genotype-environment interactions in egg production stocks of chickens were summarized by Tindell et al. (1967). Their study and those reviewed devoted considerable attention to the interaction of stock by location. Interactions of stocks with other specific environmental factors have received little attention. Significant strain by protein level interactions for egg production were reported by Harms and Waldroup (1962); Moreng et al. (1964); Deaton and Quisenberry (1965); Harms et al. (1966). The importance of such interactions could influence poultry breeding programs. This study is the second in a series conducted by participants in the Southern Regional Poultry Breeding Project (S-57) to determine the importance of genotype-environment interactions in egg production stocks. It was conducted to provide additional information concerning the importance of stock by location and stock by trial interactions for various egg production traits. In addition, two protein levels were included to evaluate the importance of stock…


In the context of technological and socio-cultural transformations, libraries are in search for landmarks and new formats of activity. The vector of transformation of library functions is from the preservation and transmission of information to agentive: structuring communities, managing information, communicative functions. Libraries are becoming conductors of social innovation. The article considers organizational culture as a catalyst for the development of libraries in the future. The authors pose the problem of inconsistency of organizational culture with new demands and needs, as well as justify the need for the formation of an innovative type of culture. The paper presents the results of quantitative and qualitative research in the Municipal Information Library System (MILS) of Tomsk in 2021. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with employees of three libraries of Tomsk MILS, one of which took part in the Federal project "Cultural Environment" of the National project "Culture" on the creation of model municipal libraries. The authors study organizational culture at the formal and informal levels. The analysis showed that each of the libraries demonstrated insufficient level of compliance with the context of social transformations. Barriers of organizational culture in public libraries are conservative mission, management attitudes to support performing competencies, features of clan culture (orientation to isolation, lack of openness for cooperation on the part of staff both within the library network and with external communities, underestimation of the role of partnership), technological focus of activities, etc. Reserves for the development of organizational culture are the willingness of staff to take initiatives, focus on support and building positive relationships in the team. As an opportunity to manage organizational culture, the authors note that transformations should begin with a change of emphasis in the library's mission based on a new spatial approach.


An analytical analysis of noise figure in FET resistive mixers is presented. For better accuracy, an empirical noise source model is employed for the intrinsic noise source. The contributions of each noise source and frequency component are represented in a phasor diagram, and a simplified noise figure formula is derived. The modelled noise figure is compared with the measured data, yielding excellent agreement.


Redundancy has always been an essential ingredient of networks, responsible and a contributor to for providing fault-tolerance. Uniformly deploying nodes, more than the minimal requirement, distributed redundancy helps maximize fault-tolerance only in cases likenode failure due to power depletionto "mechanical" node failure, but does not provide adequate tolerance to malicious attacks. However, in certain cases of node failure, due to malicious attacks(targeted attack), the use of such traditional measures of redundancy proves to be inadequate. Malicious attacks, by design, are often targeted to affect the most vulnerable or the most critical resources of a system. In sensor networks, because of the large amount of inherent redundancy, the most serious threats are the ones attacking critical paths in the networkattempting to break them, thus disrupting the overall function of the network. In this paper we define a set of graph properties that characterize the level of vulnerability of specific links. We use these properties to define a bio-inspired model of self-organization and adaptive reorganization that impart networks with resilience in the face of a variety of scenarios from simple power depletion to targeted malicious attacks. The proposed concepts of differential connectivity and differential elasticity, help us realize the objective of self-organizing nodes in a self-aware dynamic environment.


Green roofs are becoming popular in urban areas due to their potential benefits, including energy efficiency, urban heat island mitigation, and stormwater management. However, their water consumption can negatively impact water resources. Therefore, carefully managing the water consumption of green roofs is crucial to ensure they do not exacerbate existing water scarcity issues. This review explores the influencing factors and innovative solutions that increase the sustainability of water management on green roofs. A systematic quantitative review was conducted on published studies on green roofs. The review highlighted that while small-scale experimental studies are almost saturated, large-scale monitoring studies are still lacking. Modelling and assessing green roof settings based on climatic conditions and water availability and consumption are essential for successful water management. Using integrated technologies and sensing systems can increase water management efficiency and sustainability. Rainwater may be sufficient as a water source for green roofs in wet climates, while irrigation is still needed in other climates. Phytoremediation and biosorption can potentially increase runoff water quality. Improving hydrological performance by increasing rainwater retention and reducing water consumption capacity can reduce demand for other water resources and effectively manage small storms, mitigating pressure on city infrastructure and increasing water quality. Seeking non-potable sources, such as greywater, or harvesting enough rainwater to be used for irrigation during dry weather periods is highly advantageous for improving the sustainability of green roofs.


This paper explores the implementation of service-learning projects in a survey sampling statistics course. In these projects, students worked with a community partner to develop and administer a survey, analyze the data collected, and present the results. A study with 23 participants was  conducted to investigate whether students' attitudes towards community service changed after involvement in a statistical consulting-based service-learning project with a local non-profit organization. Results from  administering the Community Service Attitudes Scale (Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000) before and after the project indicated significant changes in several aspects of attitudes towards service. Qualitative information is also provided on themes from student reflection assignments. Project details and recommendations for instructors administering this type of service-learning project are discussed.
First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives


The transparent hybrid film comprises a layer of graphene deposited atop a layer of nanotubes, preferably carbon nanotubes. Two different production methods are disclosed. The film may be used as a transparent electrode with a variety of applications. Alternatively the film may be used as a channel material in a field effect transistor.


We propose a polarimetric fiber optic vibration sensor. The principle is based on the evolution of polarization when the constraint (vibration) is applied on a sensitive zone of the sensor. We study the effects of a vibration application on our system with a continuous frequency and the polarization evolution on the Poincaré sphere. The study has demonstrated a very good accuracy and a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results were achieved.


This study differentiated between the language of deceptive and genuine pleaders who were pleading for the return of a missing loved one during a televised press conference. The Wmatrix linguistic analysis tool was used to examine the language of 78 pleaders. Approximately half (n = 35) of these individuals were deceptive and were responsible for the disappearance. Transcripts of the pleas were analyzed for various linguistic cues, and a separate analysis was conducted across gender. Results revealed that deceptive pleaders used the word 'they,' singular indefinite pronouns (e.g., 'anybody,' 'somebody'), and exclusivizers/particularizers (e.g., 'just') significantly more than genuine pleaders, while genuine pleaders used more temporal words (e.g., 'days,' 'weeks'), and the word 'we' more frequently in their pleas. Specific gender differences were also revealed across credible and deceptive pleaders. Our analysis of linguistic differences across pleader veracity provides an enhanced understanding of the verbal elements of high-stakes deception and what differentiates truths from deceptions in high-stakes cases. It also provides further validation of the use of automated linguistic tools like the Wmatrix in forensic contexts.


Until recently, the tuberculin skin test (TST) has been the only tool available for diagnosing a latent TB infection. However, the development of new diagnostic tools, using the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)-specific early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) antigens, should improve the control of tuberculosis (TB) by allowing a more accurate identification of a latent TB infection (LTBI). Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assays have greater specificity in BCG-vaccinated individuals, and as less biased by nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Many comparative studies have suggested that those assays have a higher specificity than the TST, and the sensitivity of these assays are expected to remarkably improved if more MTB-specific antigens can become available. Nevertheless, the major obstacle to the widespread use of these tests is the limited financial resources. Similar to other diagnostic tests, the predictive value of IFN-γ assays depends on the prevalence of a MTB infection in the population being tested. Therefore, prospective studies will be meeded to establish the applicability of these new assays at multiple geographic locations among patients of different ethnicities, and to determine if the IFN-γ responses can indicate those with a high risk of progressing to active TB. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 497-509)


The article analyzes threats to regional economic security caused by a high degree of centralization of revenues at the Federation level with decentralization of expenditure obligations. The influence of the global economy on the formation of the revenues of the federal budget and the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation is determined. On the basis of the system approach, proposals have been developed to establish targets for the formation of interbudgetary relations from the point of ensuring regional economic security.


=2668617. While speed bumps are relatively novel in financial markets, a similar design has been used in betting markets – most prominently on Betfair – for more than a decade.


The mating behavior between the female and male of Apriona germari Hope with the similar physiological status was observed.The reproductive systems of both sexes,including male reproductive system,male accessory gland and ovary,were isolated and described.The contents of the total carbohydrate and protein in reproductive systems and the hemolymph from both virgin and mated male and female were also tested by anthrone colorimetry and Folin-phenol methods.The results showed that in males one hour after mating,the contents of the total carbohydrate and protein in the reproductive system both increased,the content of protein in the hemolymph decreased by 21.38%,and the contents of the total carbohydrate and protein decreased by 81.76% and 63.76%,respectively,in the male accessory glands which secreted some special proteins used as the mating factors.As for females,the total carbohydrate and protein in haemolymph and ovary both increased during the whole mating process.The company behavior of the male,which would be an important part of its reproductive strategies,would last over 4 h.


Nd-doped garnet thin-film waveguides which can be used as optical amplifiers were prepared on YAG substrates by rf sputtering. The composition, crystal property and optical propagation loss of the films were found to be quite sensitive to the substrate temperature (Ts). The film prepared at Ts=650°C was amorphous with a stoichiometric composition Y3Ga5O12, while that prepared at Ts=790°C showed a single-crystalline phase and the composition was represented by Y4Ga4O12 with the garnet structure. The propagation loss of light at λ=0.633 µm abruptly decreased from about 30 dB/cm to 5 dB/cm as Ts exceeded 700°C. Recrystallized thin films with the stoichiometric composition Y3Ga5O12 were prepared by thermal treatment, and the loss was reduced to about 2 dB/cm.


The objective of this work is the evaluation of the competitiveness state of companies operating within the manufacturing industry in Romania, 2001-2007. Since 1990, Romania has begun a long process of non - industrialization, which resulted in a significant reduction of the population occupancy in the industry, a reduction of the industrial production and hence exports, which came from this industry. It is therefore necessary to make such a study to identify industries with growth potential, especially since in the current context, it is necessary to adopt viable solutions to overcome the economic crisis. Following this analysis, the findings reveal that four of the 11 sectors analyzed are characterized, in 2001-2007, with a relative lack of competitiveness, and the other ones are positioned in the V area of the evaluation matrix, which means that, in the analyzed period, the static and dynamic economic situation of them was neutral, whichever showing a real growth potential.


The paper reports a recent efforts to develop and v alidate an efficient and rapid analytical assay met hod by GC/ GCMS for a series of 2H-benzoxazinone based 3-aryl3,4-dihydro-2H-benz[e]-1,3-oxazin-2-one. Such compo unds possess potent pharmacological importance and are o f the class of efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Chromatography was performed wit h a non-polar capillary column, Rtx-5 (length 30 me ter, id 0.25mm and film thickness 0.25μm), carrier gas nitr ogen/ helium used at flow rate 1.20 ml/minute with split/splitless injector and flame ionization detector. GC oven tem p rature was programmed from 80°C hold for 1.0 min. and then increase at rate 15°C/min to 160°C, held isothermal at 160°C for 1.0 minute, temperature again increas ed at rate 20°C/min.to 260°C, held isothermal at 260°Cfor 5 mi nute and increase to final temperature at rate 20°C /min. to 280 °C held isothermal at 280 °C for 5 minute. Inje ctor and detector temperatures were optimized 260°C and 280 °C respectively. Each analysis required 20minutes f or separation of a series of all seven analytes. Th e method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, speci ficity, system suitability, and robustness. The met hod proved to be accurate, precise, specific, rapid, and reproducibl e according to ICH standards. The method showed goo d recoveries (99.50 to 100.50 %) for all analytes, an d the relative standard deviations of intraand in ter-day were <2.0%. LOD and LOQ were from 0.17 to 0.34μg mL-1 an d 0.51 to 1.02μg mL-1 for all analytes. This method as shown to be convenient for routine analysis of3-ary l 3,4-dihydro-2H-benz[e]-1,3-oxazin-2-one.This meth od is novel since there has been no report about analysis of be nz-1,3-oxazine-2-ones derivatives or its class at μ g mL−1 levels using a simple GC method


A mixture of ψ components in an external field and interacting with potentials of 2, 3, …, n-bodies is considered. An exact equation for the entropy is derived. This equation gives the entropy as a sum of correlational contributions whose structure is increasingly complex. The first five terms are explicitly displayed.


While the importance of 'people factors' in software engineering has been recognised for over 25 years, few specific factors, and their impact on software engineering, have been identified. 'People factors' covers a wide and diverse set of issues. In this paper we focus on social factors, i.e. factors that arise from the various interactions that need to take place in order to develop software. We draw on three different studies we have conducted over the last 10 years to identify three specific factors and their impact on software development.


The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense at the knee joint at 3 different surface conditions by using the active knee joint angle reproduction test in the standing position. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) age 20~29 years were recruited for this study. The knee joint position senses were assessed at three different surface conditions: on the floor (stable condition), TOGU (soft condition), and seat fit (unstable condition) in a closed kinetic chain. Testing orders were selected randomly. The absolute angle error was defined as the absolute difference between target angles ( knee flexion) and subject perceived angle of the knee flexion. One way ANOVA was used to compare the absolute angle of error among 3 different conditions. The Independent t-test was used to compare the absolute angle of error between male and female. The error angles were significantly different among surface conditions ( for the floor, for the TOGU, and for the seat fit, p


The article covers author's methodological references of the research of such a problem, which is urgent for the modern Russian society, as spiritual lumpenization that has not yet become a subject of socio-philosophical analysis at a deep conceptual level. According to the author's interpretation, spiritual lumpenization is considered a process of reduction of the spiritual potential of a society associated with primitivization and impoverishment of forms of spiritual life, devaluation of supreme spiritual values, collapse of spiritual ideals in the spheres of culture, education, science, art, and creativity, and threatening the spiritual security of the society. The conceptual basis of the spiritual lumpenization research includes the following parameters of the study of its displays in the Russian social reality: the determining factors of spiritual lumpenization of the society; the forms of displays of spiritual lumpenization in the circumstances of sociocultural changes and in the course of implementation of social practices in the spiritual sphere; and the dynamics of the society values accompanied by the loss of life sense references and spiritual alienation. (Filyushkina D.V. Spiritual lumpenization of the Russian society as a subject of socio-philosophic research.


The intuition developed through experimentation provides a definite advantage for students learning image processing, a specialized branch of signal processing. The Vision and Image Processing (VIP) package was designed in 1985 as a software environment to support image processing research and education. Since 1988 VIP has been used for the lab portion of an undergraduate course on image processing in conjunction with Waterloo's Project BEACON. The authors explain the design of VIP, and discuss their experience with using the software for teaching.<<ETX>>


The utility model discloses an air-conditioning energy saving system using a natural cold source, comprising an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat radiation system, a chilled water circulation pipeline of the outdoor heat radiation system is communicated with the cold side of the indoor heat exchanger, the air-conditioning energy saving system is characterized in that, the outdoor heat radiation system comprises a water chiller (1), a chilled water pump (2), a cooling tower (3), and a pipeline constant pressure device (5), and the cooling tower (3) and the water chiller (1) are in series connection via a chilled water pipeline. The air-conditioning energy saving system using the natural cold source starts the cooling tower (3) when the outdoor wet ball temperature is lower, can reduce the return water temperature of the chilled water via the natural cold source, fully reduces the refrigeration load of the water chiller, and can shut down the water chiller when the outlet water temperature of the cooling tower reaches the outlet water temperature of the water chiller, realizing safe and high-efficient utilization of natural cold sources.


This paper presents the study to investigate the viability of using copper slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar. Two series of cement mortar mixtures were prepared with different proportion of copper slag at different workability. In the first series, various proportions of copper slag is substituted for sand ranging from 0% to 100% with constant workability. Second series consists of fully replaced copper slag for sand in the cement mortar, which was achieved by maintaining the same workability as that of the control mortar mixture from first series and a control mixture for this new workability with sand as fine aggregate. The strength of twelve trial cement mortar mixtures were tested. The results indicate high compressive strength upto 50% replacement of copper slag, after that the compressive strength decreases with increase in copper slag percentage in cement mortar. The copper slag content in the mortar adversely affected the compressive strength of the mortar mixtures as 4.2% and 21.1% improvement in the compressive strength of the cement mortar for 50% replacement compared and 100% replacement compared with the control mortar mixtures. The density of cement mortar increases with increase in copper slag. From these trial mixtures two optimized mixtures were selected and were used to cast the sandwich panels. This panels were tested for flexural behaviour and axial load compression behaviour. The behavior of sandwich panels were simulated using ANSYS and the results were compared with experimental results.


The work presents a design of millimeter-wave conformal microstrip antenna arrays. Based on the HFM and the parallel feed network, two conformal microstrip 4x4 arrays respectively on a cylinder and an elliptic cylinder surface are designed by the isotropic transformation theory (IT). Simulation results show that the conformal arrays work at 35 GHz and the gains are 20.43 dB and 20.61 dB at the center frequency respectively. This kind of conformal microstrip antenna array due to the lightweight, low profile, low cost, integrability with microwave circuitry and simple manufacturing is an attractive choice among different other microwave circuits and systems such as wireless systems, satellite communications and radars and so on .


Recruitment of secretory vesicles to the cell surface is essential for the sustained secretion of insulin in response to glucose. At present, the molecular motors involved in this movement, and the mechanisms whereby they may be regulated, are undefined. To investigate the role of kinesin family members, we labelled densecore vesicles in clonal β-cells using an adenovirally expressed, vesicle-targeted green fluorescent protein (phogrin.EGFP), and employed immunoadsorption to obtain highly purified insulin-containing vesicles. Whereas several kinesin family members were expressed in this cell type, only conventional kinesin heavy chain (KHC) was detected in vesicle preparations. Expression of a dominant-negative KHC motor domain (KHCmut) blocked all vesicular movements with velocity> 0.4 μm second-1, which demonstrates that kinesin activity was essential for vesicle motility in live β-cells. Moreover, expression of KHCmut strongly inhibited the sustained, but not acute, stimulation of secretion by glucose. Finally, vesicle movement was stimulated by ATP dose-dependently in permeabilized cells, which suggests that glucose-induced increases in cytosolic [ATP] mediate the effects of the sugar in vivo, by enhancing kinesin activity. These data therefore provide evidence for a novel mechanism whereby glucose may enhance insulin release.


The NI Executive's current response to peace walls has been shaped by two key documents, which set out their dedication to addressing the issue of physical segregation across Northern Ireland. Firstly, the Programme for Government (2011-2015) has a key commitment to 'actively seek local agreement to reduce the number of peace walls'. Secondly, in 2013 the NI Executive launched its Together Building United Community strategy which put in place a ten year programme to reduce, and remove by 2023 all interface barriers. Furthermore, the document stated that 'Taking down interface barriers is not something that can be achieved without engagement with, consent and support of the people who live there. We must be sensitive to the views and perceptions of residents and balance this against the responsibility on us to create the conditions within which division and segregation can become resigned to the past' (TBUC, 2013).


Automated steering of endovascular catheters has a potential of improving the outcome of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Nevertheless, actuation, tracking, and closed-loop position control of catheters remain a challenge. In this study, we present a modular framework for a three-dimensional (3-D) position control of magnetically actuated endovascular catheter. The catheter is fitted with a permanent magnet and deflected using externally generated magnetic field provided by BigMag—An array of mobile electromagnets. Pseudorigid-body modeling is used to formulate an inverse-model closed-loop position controller of the catheter. The shape feedback is reconstructed from a 3-D point cloud of catheter silhouette, obtained using stereo vision. Magnetic actuation is enabled using an inverse field map technique, mapping the reference magnetic field to BigMag configuration variables. The framework is tested in a series of experiments. The inverse map is validated, showing a mean magnetic field error of 2.20%. The accuracy of the shape reconstruction algorithm is 0.59 mm. Finally, the magnetically actuated catheter is steered across a series of trajectories with maximum reported catheter deflection of 68.43$^\circ$ and maximum tip speed of 5 mm/s. Across all trajectories, the best control performance metrics are the mean error of 0.57 mm and the RMS error of 0.77 mm.


Zero resource spoken term discovery in continuous speech is the discovery of repeated patterns in acoustic signals without any higher level linguistic information. These patterns are then combined to define the compositional units of that speech. We describe and implement an algorithm that tags similar subsequences among sequences of acoustic features. We then discuss the use of this algorithm as part of a complete spoken term discovery system. Our implementation leverages parallelization via modern GPUs, allowing many independent comparisons to be executed concurrently. This parallelization enables the described system to analyze large data sets in tractable time frames. The accuracy and performance of our approach are compared to existing approaches as well as human transcriptions on two corpora of continuous natural speech. Our system improved on published results for multiple metrics.


Bell's palsy is a disorder of the 7 th facial nerve that has the potential to develop into a disease known as facial synkinesis if the nerve heals incorrectly. Patients suffering from synkinesis experience involuntary muscular movements accompanying voluntary movements. This creates undesired affects for those who play a musical instrument requiring a correct embouchure to maintain tone quality. The goal for this project was to design and develop an embouchure assistive device for a clarinetist suffering from facial synkinesis to improve her ability to maintain the proper embouchure around the clarinet piece and increase her playing time to at least 30 min. Two different devices were created and tested with the clarinetist with the results showing definite improvement in the quality of play.


Is it lawful for the executive branch not to take action to enforce the Affordable Care Act? The Clean Air Act? When may courts review agency inaction? This essay explores these questions, with reference to the leading Supreme Court decision on the topic. It offers an assortment of legitimate grounds on which courts may test the question whether a failure to enforce the law, or to issue regulations, should be invalidated.


In the monastery of San Juan de la Pena, located in Aragon, one of the capitals in the cloister has an astonishing detail that is unique in medieval iconography. However, it has never been studied, perhaps because it was seen as simply the product of artistic imagination. Having eaten the forbidden fruit, Adam places his right hand between his throat and his chest to indicate that he is being suffocated by his sin and repents his actions. He makes this gesture using only the first three fingers of his hand. Why? This article attempts to explain the reasons behind this gesture.


The treasurer for Dominion Resources Inc. (Dominion), a major U.S. diversified producer and distributor of energy, was heading to meet with the company's investment bankers to discuss the impact of a large project upon Dominion's financing strategy for the next five years. The Cove Point liquefied natural gas (LNG) project would require $3.6 billion to build and represented one of the largest single capital investments in the company's 100-plus year history.
Excerpt
UVA-F-1740
Rev. Feb. 18, 2016
Dominion Resources: Cove Point
Scott Hetzer quickly shoved his notes and laptop into his briefcase and slipped on his suit jacket. Hetzer, the treasurer for Dominion Resources Inc. (Dominion), a major U.S. diversified producer and distributor of energy, was heading to meet with the company's investment bankers to discuss the impact of a large project upon Dominion's financing strategy for the next five years. The Cove Point liquefied natural gas (LNG) project would require $ 3.6billion to build and represented one of the largest single capital investments in the company's 100-plus year history.
It was February 15, 2013, and the recent boom in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) had turned the U.S. natural gas market on its head, creating the opportunity to transform Cove Point from an importer of natural gas into primarily an exporter. In the company's 2012 annual report, CEO Thomas F. Farrell II highlighted the project by stating, "We firmly believe that incorporating liquefaction and export capability into our Cove Point LNG import terminal located on the Chesapeake Bay in Lusby, Maryland, can be beneficial both to you, our shareholders, and to gas producers operating in the eastern half of the U.S." The surging demand for LNG had allowed Dominion to sign long-term contracts for 100% of Cove Point's projected capacity, mitigating the project's financial risk. By mid-2014, Dominion expected to receive the final required permits from the regulatory authorities, such that the only remaining task was to revise the company's financing strategy from 2013 to 2017 to include the $ 3.6billion investment.
After settling into the meeting room in Dominion's Richmond, Virginia, headquarters across from the team of bankers, Hetzer began, "Cove Point represents a terrific opportunity for all Dominion's stakeholders, but financing this sizable project clearly presents multiple financial challenges." Hetzer knew that determining the optimal mix of debt and equity would need to address the impact upon Dominion's credit ratings as well as regulators and Dominion's existing stock and debt holders.
. . .


In this chapter, the author emphasizes his agreement with Yiu-ming Fung that one should not think of koans as somehow or other necessarily irrational: "What is irrational is not the koan as a speech act in a non-literal sense, which is of the function of directing mental transformation, but the koan as a speech act in its literal sense". It concentrates author's reply mainly on disagreements. These are about his account of indirect speech acts and his accounts of metaphor. The author emphasizes the way metaphorical utterances can convey propositional contents different from the literal meaning of the sentence. In the indirect speech acts the literal meaning is intended and communicated. In metaphors it is not. In the case of indirect speech acts, one performs two speech acts: a literal secondary speech act and a non-literal intended primary speech act. Keywords: indirect speech acts; koans ; metaphors; Yiu-ming Fung


The cause of abnormity in the process of wind-whisk grinding can be determined by analyzing changes of the electric current, pressure, grinding sound and temperature etc, four main indexes in production process of the wind-whisk grinding system.


Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic bacterium and the most common cause of osteomyelitis, affecting 50% to 70% of cases. Many antistaphylococcal agents with varying activity against methicillin-susceptible S aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus are available in the US market. This article reviews the most common antistaphylococcal agents used in the treatment of bone and joint infections in adult patients and focuses on the antimicrobial agent's mechanism of action, US Food and Drug Administration-approved indications, place in therapy, monitoring parameters, and common side effects.


Summary Cotton leaf reddening was studied in irrigated vertisols at the Gezira Research Farm over three seasons. The percentage leaf reddening was negatively correlated with seed cotton yield. Plants showing symptoms of reddening produced smaller and fewer leaves which did not persist long enough to sustain the reproductive parts. Deficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be responsible for the reddening symptoms. Nitrogen application, late August sowing and frequent control of insect pests all significantly reduced the incidence of reddening. Other possible remedies are discussed.


This article argues, based on the work of Bakhtin and de Certeau, that there is no aesthetics without politics and that all academic discourse and practices are enacted through aesthetic forms with inherently political and ethical effects. The article is written in a script-form with indications on how to perform it, acting out or 'performing' in a direct way rather than adding to the arguments already present in organizational literature. In a prologue (which can be read after reading the script by readers who do not want to harm its open impact), we discuss aspects of this choice: through the use of a different form for telling a story, we want to focus on the political and ethical implications of an aesthetic approach to organizing and how this can influence scholarly work. The script wants to move readers through various spaces of speech where society becomes organized. Through such movements we want to contribute to the imagination of possible ways of 'performing oneself' as an academic citizen in society. As an imaginative experiment, this article hopes to inspire scholars to (re)consider their habitual forms of publication and public action, and to address the question of 'how to speak to it' including the question of aesthetic genres and societal relationships.


It was proved that, for [Formula: see text] every sufficiently large even integer can be represented in the form of eight cubes of primes and [Formula: see text] powers of 2. In this paper, we sharpen the value of [Formula: see text] to 204.


Objective This study was designed to evaluate the effect of high-calcium skim milk or potassium-enriched highcalcium skim milk on blood pressure compared with non-enriched skim milk. Design This was a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Each milk intervention lasted for 4 weeks, with a minimum of 4 weeks of wash-out between interventions. Methods We recruited 38 healthy people, aged over 40 years, to take part in a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study. We asked them to replace their usual liquid milk with two servings per day of skim milk (control), high-calcium skim milk or potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk. We measured office blood pressures (seated and standing) at the start and after 2 and 4 weeks of milk intervention and we measured daytime ambulatory blood pressures at the start and after 4 weeks of milk intervention. Each milk intervention was interspaced by a 4-week interval. Results Office systolic blood pressure (standing) decreased from 127 ± 16 to 124 ± 16 mmHg (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of skim milk and from 130 ± 18 to 126 ± 17 mmHg (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of high calcium skim milk. After 4 weeks of consuming the potassium-enriched high-calcium milk, systolic blood pressure decreased from 125 ± 18 to 117 ± 16 mmHg (P < 0.001) seated, and from 130 ± 16 to 122 ± 15 mmHg (P < 0.001) standing. There were no significant changes in office diastolic blood pressure after any milk. There was no change in ambulatory blood pressure after either skim milk or high-calcium skim milk. After 4 weeks of potassium-enriched high-calcium milk, ambulatory daytime systolic blood pressure decreased from 138 ± 13 to 135 ± 11 mm Hg (P < 0.05) and daytime diastolic blood pressure decreased from 80 ± 8 to78 ± 9 mmHg (P < 0.05). Conclusions High-calcium milk enriched with potassium has a small hypotensive effect in healthy people aged over 40 years.


Children hospitalized following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience complex and prolonged pain in response to the intensity of this treatment.


Abstract The historical development of marine cathodic protection design, along with the recently developed, first-principles-based slope parameter method, is reviewed briefly. It was projected that the remaining issues that require resolution before cathodic protection design can be optimized are improved methods for representing the slope parameter, anode current capacity, and mean current density. The present paper focuses on the last of these and, in so doing, evaluates data from a variety of field structures for which such information exists and from laboratory and field test programs. An analytical model for current density decay with time, as a consequence of calcareous deposit formation, is presented; and a new method is proposed for specifying mean current density in cathodic protection design of offshore structures.


The paper deals with the studying of high mountains soil-climatic conditions effect on larch restoration in the burned out forest as well as larch growth (in diameter) in the formed plantations. The steady boundary between larch and high-mountain steppe is observed


Electron diffraction was shown in Part I to be due to the quantum-mechanical activity of the diffractor rather than to a fictional wave-picture manifestation of the diffracted particles. Part II aims at eliminating further fictional elements, most of them based on inconsistency of interpretation. The controversy between the extremist views of Schrodinger and Born, either frequency resonance or quantum jumps, is removed by showing that consistency compels one to admit both to occur simultaneously. Attempts at saving duality and other fictions are criticized, such as the contention that (1) "duality is a fact" seen in the contrast of obvious particle effects and not so obvious particle effects, (2) that particles are material and waves are expectations by observing subjects, (3) that statistical law means the end of the sharp separation between subject and object, (4) that Heisenberg's empirical rule for the uncertainty of prediction means indeterminacy of existence. It is pointed out that quantum mechanics...


This experiment was carried out to determine the adequate machine peeling and retting time of peony roots, which are used as medicinal resources in Korea. When the roots were peeled for minitues in the peeling machine, the epidermis of root was removed, and higher yield was obtained and paeoniflorin content as compared with roots which were peeled for longer time. The paeoniflorin content of root varied with the different parts of root. The highest content was recorded in the upper part and the lowest in the middle part. The loss of paeoniflorin increased in the roots processed for expanded peeling and retting time. Lightness of peeled root was higher and was lower in the roots which were peeled by machine for longer time.


We appreciate the lengthy letter by Chou entitled "Critiquing the Critiques." At the outset, the letter reminded us of an exchange between Bogduk and Carragee in 2007 (1) criticizing each other – Bogduk claiming that Carragee et al utilized sophistry to discredit the study, whereas Carragee described Bogduk's argument as "inflated albeit entertaining rhetoric". Bogduk elaborated that the defense to sophistry is to inform the listeners of the fallacy of the argument, and to point out the opposite when it applies. In contrast, Carragee borrows Aristotle's caution in The Art of Rhetoric, that when one hears bombastic and exaggerated styles of argument, the substance is likely deficient (2). Here, it appears that Chou's argument could qualify for sophistry, and the art of rhetoric by rehashing the same arguments over and over again while leaving the substance out. ASIPP rigorously supports peer-reviewed and bias free research including evidence synthesis, as well as government funding of such efforts. The criticism is extremely important, especially when the work is generously supported by taxpayer funds or even membership dues as in the case of the American Pain Society (APS). It appears that Chou, instead of aiming at imagined inappropriate issues should focus and concern himself with valid points raised in the critique. Further, it appears Chou is begging for shielding for funding from government grants as well as membership dues from the societies from open scientific critical reviews by concerned professional societies, which is grossly improper. Physicians specializing in methodology, either working with the government or insurers or guideline developers, have a right to claim the supremacy of their methodology – at least in their own minds. However, they have a responsibility to understand the flaws in their vaunted methodology. Consequently, it is difficult to understand the wisdom of recommending or not recommending techniques without understanding them. Further, it has become quite a bit of a phenomenon and tradition for the experts who disagree with clinicians to act as victims. However, history shows it to be different. For example, if we look at the demise of Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) with its $75 million expenditures per guideline and proposed expenses of $200,000 to $300,000 for each systematic review, it would appear that this network


In this paper we introduce a formal argumentation framework to reason b ut the evolution of coalitions. We extend Amgoud's preference-based argumentation framework f or coalition formation to an argumentation framework with nested attack relations along the lines proposed by Mod gil, and we define an instance of the argumentation framework for reasoning about coalitions b ased on a new dynamic extension of Conte and Sichman's static dependence networks. We show how this ne w approach covers a wider range of attacks than Amgoud's task based coalition formation, including a ttacks weakening the stability of the coalition by removing dependencies. Moreover, we show how it ca n be used not only for coalition formation, but also for coalitions which evolve due to the addition of depend encies.


The life and creative path of I. K. Aivazovsky is widely known, yet researchers have not paid enough attention to psychogeography as one of the dominant factors determining the formation and development of his creative personality. Developing within 'situationist international' milieu, the term "psychogeography" is correlated with the scientific spheres of social psychology and philosophy, and is fully applicable to the art of the early 21 c. This term, in our opinion, should also be applied to the broad field of art history. Aivazovsky traveled all over the world. Travels in Italy, Western European countries, trips to Turkey and the Caucasus became milestones of his creative path, but he drew inspiration, first of all, in his native Feodosia. Turning to the study of the psychogeography of I. K. Aivazovsky's creativity, one should also turn to the genesis of his kind. Belonging to the Crimean Armenians played an important role in life of the future artist. The Armenian colony in Crimea has more than 600 years of history. Ivan Aivazovsky studied at the Armenian parish school at St. Sarkis Church, where he received his primary education. The inquisitive student sought to expand his knowledge in every possible way, in particular, memorized many legends and authentic historical facts related to the origin of his hometown, which also allows us to consider the genesis of personality, as well as the formation and then recognition of I. K. Aivazovsky as an artist and public figure, based on the concept of "psychogeography". Psychogeography is determined as the dominant factor of creativity and social activity of I. K. Aivazovsky. The lands of Feodosia are the most important historical and artistic space of I. K. Aivazovsky from the 1820s to 1900. The proof of this is his historical-religious, landscape works, his foundation of the "Cimmerian school of Painting", his works on the improvement of Feodosia. Two elements — the sea and the city — were perceived inseparably as the source of the philosophy of creativity, activity, giving the genesis of the psychogeography of his life in the scenery of the seaside town.


In this paper, the Cost - Quality -Time -Security model is lead into the projects innovatively; we describe the basic principle of the Particle Swarm Optimization Method, and introduce the integer programming as well as the structure of multi-attribute utility function. The discussion on the cost optimization in the construction phase of a substation have confirmed that the PSO method can determine the optimal solution with practical value effectively, and has a high ability of global optimization and search efficiency , so it is very applicable to solve the cost-optimization problems.


Tourism is revered for its ability to encourage development through the utilisation of 'free' natural and cultural resources. However, the benefits of tourism development are
often accompanied by negative impacts which degrade the social and environmental context in which tourist interactions occur. This issue is particularly significant in national parks due to the challenges presented by their often opposing dual remit: conservation and recreational access. Sustainable tourism development has been
recognised as a means of addressing this issue. However, to date, there has been a lack of research evaluating the understanding and application of sustainable tourism
development within national parks. This research addresses this gap.

A qualitative research strategy was adopted which utilised a multi-case study methodology involving the Yorkshire Dales and the New Forest. It employed a triangulated strategy which used primary and secondary data collection methods, adding credibility to the findings.

The findings revealed that some stakeholders experienced difficulty in understanding the concept due to complex and ambiguous terminology. Consequently, the underlying
principles were considered to be more significant. The meaning and operationalisation of the principles varied according to the contextually unique characteristics of
destinations. Overall however, it was acknowledged that the concept should not be seen as an end-goal, but as an on-going process, with the principles embedded into
planning and management processes if progress is to be achieved.

This study culminates by presenting two models; the first is intended to facilitate an evaluation of the main elements affecting sustainable tourism development, namely,
context, understanding and operationalisation. The second is intended for use by practitioners, to aid the identification of key principles and the elements of planning and management where these principles need to be embedded. Both models highlight the importance of contextual awareness and thus, further research is recommended to assess their relevance in other destinations.


ILLY CRYSTAL ONCE quipped, ''Change is hard work.'' This is true, but change also brings opportunity, and, when done well, change can be amazing. The Executive Committee (EC) of the Council on Renal Nutrition (CRN) has undergone some changes this year. We have said expected and unexpected goodbyes to some dynamic women, and we have welcomed a new group of members who will oversee a dynamic shift in the focus of the CRN. ThisspringwesaidanunexpectedgoodbyetoourChair, Jessie Pavlinac. Jessie's professional responsibilities, not only with work and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), but alsowith school, made it hard for her to devote the attention she wanted to give to the CRN. In the past 3 years while on the EC, Jessie has been instrumental in the development of the Standards of Professional Practice, working with the National Kidney Foundation and AND to review the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines for nutrition and investigating the conditions in which renal dietitians work. She has also been involved with other joint AND-CRN projects, and she has steered the CRN in a direction that will support the renal dietitian of today. I thank her for her work, and I will miss her very much. In accordance with the CRN bylaws and with an EC vote to accept, I will chair the EC until next year. During this year, I will mentor our new Chair-Elect, Judy Kirk. Her term as Chair will commence in the spring of 2015. I look forward to working with her because she has great vision of how the CRN can meet the changing needs of the renal dietitian. In addition to our unexpected goodbye to Jessie, we also said goodbye to Melissa Altman-Traub (Region 1 Alternate Representative), Stacy Wainscott (Region 3 Alternate Representative), KarenDunker (Region 5 Representative), Marisol Avila (Region 5 Alternate Representative), Trisha Furhman (Renalink Editor), Louise Clement (Strategies 1 Chair),andMarieBecker(ClinicalMeetingsChair).Thank you for thevaluable years of service on the Executive Committee. I look forward to working with you all again in the future.


The automatic tsunami detection algorithm needs to be put in the sea level observation system to give society a quick warning when a tsunami happens. This study designs an automatic tsunami detection algorithm consisting of three sub-algorithm: spike elimination, gap data filling, and tsunami detection. Spike elimination and gap data filling are used to improve the sea level data, which is often disturbed by spikes and gap data due to electronic factors. This algorithm was tested using time-series tide gauge data that contain tsunami waveforms in Indonesia from 2007 to 2019. About 54.52 % of 409 spikes have been eliminated while the gap data were successfully filled. Furthermore, tsunami detection, which uses DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) and TEDA (Tsunami Early Detection Algorithm) methods, can detect 7 of 10 tsunami waveforms. However, there are three undetected tsunamis and one false detection. This algorithm has an average delay of 7.7 minutes in detection time.


In the print version of the article by Joan M. Schwartz that was published in Journal of Archival Organization 6(3), pp. 201–210, there was an error in the title of the book discussed in the article. The title of the article should have read "Reading Robin Kelsey's Archive Style Across the Archival Divide." The book discussed is Robin Kelsey, Archive Style: Photographs & Illustrations for U.S. Surveys, 1850–1890. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2007. xii, 273 pp., 89 ill., $49.95. ISBN 978-0-52024935-6. Page references to Robin Kelsey's Archive Style are given in brackets throughout the essay. The title of the article has been amended in the online version and the publisher apologizes for the error.


The characterization of wastewater plays important role in treatability of wastewater. The effluent from paint industry contains high chemical oxygen demand and turbidity. The waste water contains drying oil latexes, preservatives, antifoam agents etc. Conventional wastewater treatment plant contains primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. Chemical treatment for the wastewater treatment contains coagulation, flocculation and floatation. Advance oxidation processes are used as tertiary treatment methods in many applications. Studies indicated that coagulants such as aluminium sulphate (Alum) [Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O], and anionic polyelectrolyte are very useful for the treatment. Modified Electro-Fenton Process was found very effective by few researchers. Use of iron and aluminium salts as coagulants is also effective for the removal of pollutants. It can be observed from the review that water-based paint wastewater can effectively be treated by Fenton process with rust catalysis in the mixed reactors.


Objective:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis(HGF) is an exceptional gingival benign lesion,which is characterized by diffuse and gradual hyperplasia.Its etiology and pathogenesis are not clearly understood.A case of child HGF who complained of gingival overgrowth is reported.In addition,pathogenesis,clinical signs, histological features and treatment plan are discussed and the relevant literatures are reviewed.


The Java programming course is a professional basic course for computer majors. This course has problems such as unclear teaching objectives, outdated teaching models, and single course evaluation models. In order to change a series of problems caused by traditional education methods, the OBE education concept is introduced into the teaching of Java programming courses, with results as the guide and students as the center, using the OBE concept to formulate teaching goals, refine the course goals, and adopt online and offline methods. The reform of the blended teaching model, the strengthening of school - enterprise cooperation, and the adoption of a diversified curriculum evaluation system. It is found in practice that the teaching concept based on OBE can improve students' learning effect and engineering practice ability.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Shakespeare file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Shakespeare book. Happy reading Shakespeare Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Shakespeare at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Shakespeare.


The ferromagnet-to-paramagnet transition of the four-dimensional random-field Ising model with Gaussian distribution of the random fields is studied. Exact ground states of systems with sizes up to ${32}^{4}$ are obtained using graph theoretical algorithms. The magnetization, the disconnected susceptibility, the susceptibility, and a specific-heat-like quantity are calculated. Using finite-size scaling techniques, the corresponding critical exponents are obtained: $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.13(5),$ $\overline{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=2.83(50),$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.42(20).$ For the specific heat both $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0$ (logarithmic divergence) and an algebraic divergence with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.26(5)$ are compatible with the data. Furthermore, values for the critical randomness ${h}_{c}=4.18(1)$ and the correlation-length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.78(10)$ were found. These independently obtained exponents are compatible with all (hyper)scaling relations and support the two-exponent scenario $(\overline{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=2\ensuremath{\gamma}).$


implausible idea of ethical relativity. The plethora of fussy qualifications and parenthetical remarks throughout is symptomatic. One can fairly argue that even Stiva and Betsy do not entirely escape the moral law Tolstoi so subtly embedded in the novel. Alexandrov writes with clarity and precision, but occasionally he lapses into semiotic jargon. Thus, discussing Anna's conflicted feelings after her 'fall', she 'senses semiotic disorientation' and enters 'into a world of new significance' in which she is stripped of her 'semantic garb'; she 'loses control of language ... the signifier she uses is not attached to the signified she expects'; she 'recodes her initial delusions' (pp. 110, 186), etc. He glosses Karenin's painful bafflement over Anna's changed behaviour as his failure 'to carry out the fundamental semiotic process of understanding alterity' (p. 108). Levin's faith is 'a matter of semiotic recoding' and not 'existential praxis' (p. 249). The translation of the intense experiences of human subjects into this deadening, value-free linguistic jargon drains the life from their dramatic predicaments and neutralizes their moral dilemmas. This book has been well researched and meticulously produced. Alexandrov has given much thought to this complex novel and produced an important study which amply demonstrates the fruitfulness of a text-centred approach. Although a number of his readings fail to convince, he raises crucial questions, gives some insightful answers and compels us to rethink our own interpretations. Specialists, students and admirers of Tolstoy's art will find much to stimulate their thoughts. It is a measure of Alexandrov's achievement that anyone writing on Anna Karenina will have to engage with this volume. DIANE OENNING THOMPSON


A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES.
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS
DEGREE IN LITERATURE
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES
FACULTY OF ARTS,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA


After analyzing the traditional process of dyeing and problems associated with it,the paper pointed out that nonlinear metering and dosing of assistants are required for the current dyeing technique.For this reason,an automatic control system of metering and dosing based on PLC(programmable logic controller) is designed in which the nonlinear metering and dosing of assistants is realized by combination use of the frequency changer and the PLC.A detailed discussion is made on the structure of the system,its working principle and process,and hardware and software design.The results of its application show that the dyeing quality is improved remarkably.


In the process of micro milling stainless steel 310S, the influence of milling parameters (cutting depth, ap, feed per tooth fz, cutting speed v),and down and up milling method were revealed, which provides reference for controlling burrs of stainless steel 310S, improving surface quality and optimizing cutting process. Based on the orthogonal test method, the coated carbide micro diameter cutter was used and milling experiments were carried out on stainless steel 310S.Top burr size data information was collected and analyzed. Up milling is better than down milling because the shape and size of burr are relatively small. With the increase of cutting depth, the shape of burrs appears long fibrous and tearing and wavy serrated, which means the burr getting large and worse. In order to minimize burrs, it is the good way to choose the sharp cutting tools and up milling, control the cutting depth and select feed rate.


The present invention forms the silicide on top of a step of cleaning a, the method comprising: providing a structure having an exposed end metallization layer (last metallization layer), the final metallization layer relates to a method of forming a semiconductor structure, a final metallization layer comprises the steps of forming a terminal on which the silicide.


A phototactic bird survey of "Daniaoao"(A valley for hunting phototactic migrant birds)was conducted in Damiao Mountain in September 2000,May and October 2001,May and October 2002,October 2003 and September 2005.Five "Daniaoaos" were found.A total of 58 species of phototactic birds belonging to 10 orders and 14 families were recorded in this region,among of which,16 are residents,15 summer breeders,17 winters and 10 transient migrants.The phototactic birds are composed of Ardeidae,Rallidae and Turnicidae.The dominating species of Ardeidae are Egretta garzetta and Ardeola bacchus;that of Rallidae is Amaurornis phoenicurus;that of Turnicidae is Turnix tanki.The cause of "Daniaoao" and the reason some residents can capture in "Daniaoao" were discussed.In addition,some advices were given for the conservation of phototactic birds in "Daniaoao".


The article describes good practices implemented with the cooperation of the Office of International Education and the Library of Lublin University of Technology in the scope of internationalisation of the university and with taking into consideration of the needs of foreigners supported by both of the units. The text presents instances of activities carried out by the library's employees in the scope of improving of international competences and selected solutions implemented to providing information for foreigners.


Abstract : The objective of this program was to determine the feasibility of using Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) as a deposition technique for fabricating IR rugate structures. Theoretical activities under the contract consisted of designing and modeling rugate structures containing ZnS and ZnSe or ZnSe and ZnTe. The experimental work resulted in the growth of high-quality epitaxial films of ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe on (001)-oriented GaAs substrates. Multi-layer structures (quarter-wave stacks and rugate filters) of ZnSe and ZnTe were deposited, but although certain aspects of these ALE structures were successful, the devices did not show the optical performance that was expected. This has been understood as resulting from differences in film nucleation and growth rates between the two candidate materials which were chosen for this program. Our conclusions are that, although ALE is capable of producing high-quality epitaxial and chalcogenide thin films, it is not a practical technique for fabricating IR rugate filters.


The paper presents a new option called Satisfied-performance option,and gives risk neutral pricing formula of satisfied-performance option under no arbitrage condition.Besides being used in mutual fund investment and rewards design of general portfolio,satisfied-performance option can be also used in corporation governance.


Corruption is a systemic threat of the highest order for the social relations existing in the Russian Federation. The consistency of the caused problem is characterized by the fact that the problem of corruption implies its focus on the destruction of absolutely all social institutions (public associations, movements, parties) and state institutions (legislative executive and judicial bodies).


The rich aquatic fauna of Assam especially the fishes often face the challenge of parasitic infestation. Channapunctata is often infected by different parasites which lead to different physiological changes. In present study, histological structure of gill, liver and kidney of parasite infested Channapunctata is studied. The liver of the infested fish showed vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and extensive tissue damage near portal vein. Gills showed degenerative and necrotic changes of gill lamellae, mucus cell and also epithelium detachment. Kidney also showed sign of infection, vacuole formation and tissue damage. The infestation also affects the behavior and growth of fish.


We propose a new approach to achieve eÆcient scalability in audio coders, and demonstrate its performance using the MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coder (AAC). In conventional scalable coding, the enhancement-layer performs straightforward re-quantization of the base-layer reconstruction error. This coding scheme implicitly discards useful information from the base-layer, and does not truly minimize a perceptually meaningful distortion criterion such as the noise-mask ratio. We reformulate the problem of scalable coding within a companding framework, and show that re-quantization in the compander's compressed domain achieves, in the asymptotic sense, optimal scalability. Based on this observation, we develop a scalable AAC coder which performs enhancement-layer quantization while exploiting all the information available at that layer. Simulation results of a two-layer scalable coder on the standard test database of 44.1kHz sampled audio show that the proposed approach yields substantial savings in bit rate for a given reproduction quality.


The cover picture shows the triplet-triplet-annihilation (TTA) upconversion between a visible-light harvesting IrIII complex and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). In the upper left-hand corner is the qualitative Jablonski diagram describing the photophysical process involved in the TTA upconversion. Although the coumarin-containing IrIII complexes are weakly phosphorescent, we proved that the long-lived 3IL excited state was populated upon photoexcitation by using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy at 77 K, and DFT calculations. The complexes were used as triplet sensitizers for TTA upconversion, and an upconversion quantum yield of up to 23.4 ° was observed. Thus, we propose that the T1 excited state of the triplet sensitizers does not necessarily have to be emissive. Details are discussed in the article by J. Zhao et al. on p. 3165 ff. The cover art was produced by Dr. Xin Liu (Dalian University of Technology).


In this paper we are studying normal forms concerning to hyperedge replacement grammars. In context freeness of these grammars we can transform each of it into an equivalent grammar without λ productions and without rewritings. After that, in a nondeterministic way, we'll create equivalent grammars in Chomsky Normal Form or Greibach Normal Form. Both normal forms are inspired by string grammars.


pupillary dilatation, alteration of pulse and respiration, and many of the symptoms which have been discussed. Attacks of opisthotonos are sometimes misdiagnosed as epilepsy. An abnormal posture of the head may be a sign of tonsillar herniation, and meningism may likewise be a sign of raised intracranial pressure. When the history has been taken and the child has been examined, it is helpful to see if the signs fit into those characteristic of the posterior fossa, the brain stem, the suprasellar region-including the optic pathways-or the cerebral hemispheres ; non-specific signs of raised intracranial pressure having first been set aside. For example, the finding of cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus, visual field changes or epilepsy, when taken in conjunction with the history, sometimes enables a pathological diagnosis to be made as well as one in more general terms. The four commonest intracranial tumours are the cerebellar astrocytomas and medullo blastomas, which occur with roughly equal frequency and account for 20-30 per cent each, the ependymomas, which account for about 18 per cent, and the craniopharyngiomas which occur a little more often than another half dozen or so tumours which are seen from time to time. Medulloblastomas and ependymomas can produce metastases which are carried by the cerebrospinal fluid to distant parts of the subarachnoid space. In this way an association of vomiting and pain in the right iliac fossa can lead to an appendicectomy in a child suffering from a medulloblastoma. The important differential diagnosis of an intracranial tumour in a child is from hydrocephalus-the cause of which should always be determined -from infective disorders (including tuberculous meningitis), from degenerations such as the lipidoses, and from subdural haematomas. Every child with unexplained persistent vomiting or headaches should have a skull X-ray, even if no abnormal neurological signs can be found. To think of the possibility of an intracranial neoplasm is more than half way to making the diagnosis. It is true that many of these neoplasms are irremovable or can only be alleviated, but in favourable circumstances more than one-third can be completely removed, and if treated early enough, these children can grow up to lead normal or almost normal lives. Guy's Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit, Maudsley Hospital, PETER H. SCHURR London, S.E.5.


This article is devoted to the analysis of roofing works' industrial injuries. The current state of the situation is considered on the basis of official statistical data. The problems and directions for development of an additional measures complex for improving the state of labor protection when performing this type of construction work have been identified. One of these measures is to develop a bitumen material stacker, the introduction of which will reduce industrial injuries and reduce the severity of roofers. The article discusses in detail the functioning of the bitumen material stacker, and also reveals the advantages of mechanization of roofing work in this way. The introduction of the invention, due to the mechanization of work processes, will reduce industrial injuries, diminish the roofers' hard work, increase quality of roof and the work process speed.


Simple Summary Despite advances in primary and adjuvant treatments, approximately 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients still die from recurrence and metastatic disease. Thus, alternative and more effective therapeutic approaches are expected to be developed. Drug repurposing is increasing interest in cancer therapy, as it represents a cheaper and faster alternative strategy to de novo drug synthesis. Psychiatric medications are promising as a new generation of antitumor drugs. Here, we demonstrate that spiperone—a licensed drug for the treatment of schizophrenia—induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Our data reveal that spiperone's cytotoxicity in CRC cells is mediated by phospholipase C activation, intracellular calcium homeostasis dysregulation, and irreversible endoplasmic reticulum stress induction, resulting in lipid metabolism alteration and Golgi apparatus damage. By identifying new targetable pathways in CRC cells, our findings represent a promising starting point for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for CRC. Abstract Approximately 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients still die from recurrence and metastatic disease, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing is attracting increasing attention because, compared to traditional de novo drug discovery processes, it may reduce drug development periods and costs. Epidemiological and preclinical evidence support the antitumor activity of antipsychotic drugs. Herein, we dissect the mechanism of action of the typical antipsychotic spiperone in CRC. Spiperone can reduce the clonogenic potential of stem-like CRC cells (CRC-SCs) and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in both differentiated and CRC-SCs, at clinically relevant concentrations whose toxicity is negligible for non-neoplastic cells. Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ kinetics upon spiperone treatment revealed a massive phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release, resulting in ER Ca2+ homeostasis disruption. RNA sequencing revealed unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, ER stress, and induction of apoptosis, along with IRE1-dependent decay of mRNA (RIDD) activation. Lipidomic analysis showed a significant alteration of lipid profile and, in particular, of sphingolipids. Damage to the Golgi apparatus was also observed. Our data suggest that spiperone can represent an effective drug in the treatment of CRC, and that ER stress induction, along with lipid metabolism alteration, represents effective druggable pathways in CRC.


Blood pressure and pulse rate are determined from measured oscillometric waveform data that has been processed to remove spurious data by considering the quality of the measured oscillometric pulses. The oscillometric blood pressure data is collected as cuff pressure is incrementally decreased. For each pulse complex individual quality values are calculated for measurements of the pulse complex features (e.g. amplitude of pulse, slope of pulse, pulse period etc.) and an overall quality assessment for the pulse is obtained based on the individual quality values. The pulse is accepted if it satisfies matching criteria and data collection continues until an overall quality threshold is satisfied. Blood pressure and pulse rate are then determined from the accepted measured data.


Tao Xingzhi valued the cultivation of the cultivation of the interesting of students' learning,he positively encouraged students to inquire into the behavior independently in the Nanjing high normal School,valued comprehensively the influence subtly of invironment in XiaoZhuang School and displayed the encourage of cognition in Yucai School.He made the beneficial discussion in stimulation and the cultivation of the students' interesting,accumulated the rich experience,obtained the prominent result,so it has the important model value to today's educational reform.


DURING THE COURSE of a seven-year follow-up study of the sequelae of arthropod-borne encephalitis, electroencephalograms were obtained from 195 persons whose encephalitis had been determined by laboratory tests to have been caused by the Western encephalitis or the St. Louis encephalitis virus. These tracings were taken at intervals ranging from less than one month (2 cases) to twelve years (1 case) after the acute encephalitis. Two-thirds of the tracings were made from six months to two years after the illness. Tracings were not obtained from any of the patients during their acute illnesses because there were no electroencephalography laboratories in the hospitals where the patients were admitted. The three neurologists who are authors of this paper began the present analysis with a review of the tracings and medical records for both the acute illness and the follow-up examinations. The tracings had been read and interpreted originally in the laboratories where they were done. If one of the reviewers disagreed with a laboratory's interpretation, the tracing was discussed with the other authors and a decision was made regarding the interpretation. Tracings were classified as normal, abnormal, or borderline. A "nicer" statistical result would have been possible if all the tracings could have been interpreted as either normal or abnormal; however, the inherent limitations of electroencephalogram interpretation, particularly in infants and children, necessitated the use of a '%orderline" category. Based on a review of his medical record, each patient's acute illness was rated as mild, moderate, or severe. Criteria for evaluating severity stressed the degree of central nervous system involvement, particularly presence, frequency, and duration of convulsions; degree of alterations in sensorium; length of time disturbances of consciousness persisted; presence and intensity of involuntary tremors, twitchings, and headache; extent of paralysis, if prment; and abnormal spinal fluid findings. Records of the patient's neurologic examina-


FIELD: manufacturing technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to capsule (2) for preparation of specified quantity of suitable for consumption beverage, using extractable product, for example, fried and ground coffee, containing first peripheral wall (14), second wall (16) covering first peripheral wall from first end (18), perforated and/or porous third wall (20), covering first peripheral wall from second open end (22), opposite to second wall, made for prepared beverage output from capsule, wherein first, second and third walls comprise inner space (24) containing extracted product. At that, in inner space extracted product has particles, corresponding to specified distribution by weight, wherein in 10-th percentile particles size makes 20-60 mcm, wherein in 50-th percentile particles size is equal to 400-600 mcm and wherein in 90-th percentile particles size is equal to 700-1,000 mcm. EFFECT: invention also relates to method of said capsule making, system containing such capsule for beverage preparation, and beverage preparation method. 34 cl, 6 dwg


TH E publicati on so soon of a th ird ed iti on of Copeman's "The Treatment of Rheumatism in General Practice" is s ufficient indication of t he popularity of th is ex cellent li ttle hook.' Those . who were fortuna te eno ug h to read the lirst ed ition , which appeared in 1933, will not be surprised a t it s s uccess. D. '. Copem an is a recognized authority on rh eumatic diseases , a nd in passing it is interesting to no te that he had a ccepted a n in vitation to open th e di scussi on on rheumatism which wa s to have been the m ain theme of the sixth session of t he Au stralasian Medi cal Con g ress, but which has necessarily been postponed. The present edition includes all th e features that made the original volume so valua ble. Many of the chapters have been rewritten and new matter has been added; bu t the general arrangement of the book, which proved so successful, has been retained . The new edition presents an up -to-date account of the rheumatic diseases, with practical sugges ti ons for treatment, in a form which mu st appeal to th e busy practitioner .


The essential oil of Artemisia herba alba has been extracted and tested as an inhibitor of lead corrosion in 0.1 M Na 2CO 3 medium, using stationary and transient electrochem ical techniques. The results obtained show that the esse ntial oil of Artemisia reduces the corrosion rate. The effectiveness of inhibition inc reases with the oil concentration to reach 77 % with 2000 ppm. The effect of temperature was also studied.


The Logical hidden Markov model (LHMM) is a combination of the first-order logic and the hidden Markov Model (HMM). As a branch of statistical relational learning, the LHMM is of great potential in many fields. In this paper, we combine the logical definitions in LHMM with particle filtering (PF), and propose a logical particle filtering (LPF) algorithm to filter the states with partially missing observations. To reduce the cost of time, a logical particle filtering with parallel resampling (LPF-PR) is further proposed. In experiments, an existed case about UNIX commands is used to test the performances of the LPF and LPF-PR. The results prove that the LPF can perform nearly as well as an exact inference algorithm even when some observations are missing, and parallel resampling can reduce the cost of time significantly when the number of particles is large.


Summary The Pillara Zn-Pb deposit is located on the northeast margin of the Canning Basin, Western Australia where it is hosted by a series north-northeast-trending, en echelon, conjugate normal faults that bound a central graben plunging gently to the northeast. Kinematic indicators on all fault surfaces indicate dominantly dip-slip movement. Extension increases from approximately 15% in the south to as much as 50% in the north of the graben structure. The complex array of faults is consistent with development in a northwest-southeast directed extensional stress field with a vertical σ1 prior to minor tilting of the sequence to the northeast. Northwest-southeast extension was localised within a northeast-trending transfer structure. Local controls on the development of mineralisation plunging shallowly to the northeast include dilation where faults steepen or overlap and where antithetic faults intersect the main bounding Western and Eastern Faults. Areas of greatest dilation are largely controlled by the orientation of individual fault segments relative to the local stress field and the intersection of the faults with a competent fenestral limestone unit (Unit 5) and lower platform and bank facies (Unit 1). Both units display low uniaxial compressive strengths compared to other limestone samples within the sequence. The intersection of north and northeast trending fault segments defines a steep, northerly plunge that appears to control high grade orebodies in the F10 system (A Lode and B Lode). Mineralisation is dominantly contained within tectonic breccia zones, open-space fill along faults, and extensive hanging-wall hydraulic breccia zones localised by fault relays and intersections with antithetic faults. The latter grade outwards from rubble-breccia through mosaic breccia to crackle breccia and stockwork vein zones. Veins and breccias may show a history from early marine calcite cements through to pre-ore marcasite and calcite-cemented crackle breccia (B0), to ore-stage breccias characterised by sulphide-cemented rubble breccias (OB1) at times incorporating sulphide breccia clasts (OB2), to post-ore breccias cemented by sparry calcite cement (OB3). The ore textures and paragenetic sequence are consistent with introduction of the ore fluids during active fault movement, and rapid precipitation into open cavities created during faulting.


The results of an immigrant student census in a port-of-entry school district are used to describe the educational backgrounds of Mexican immigrant students and to distinguish types of Mexican immigrant students by school entry patterns. Interviews with recently arrived Mexican immigrant parents reveal the educational and occupational expectations they hold for their children in the U.S. The study findings are used as a basis for raising policy questions and generating research issues.


The laws of Sparta offer to Levesque a term of comparison with the political system existing before the French Revolution: the scholar openly condemns the structure of medieval feudalism, but also he refers to those political and social aspects that survive the legal death of feudalism, completely disappearing only with the Revolution. Furthermore, criticizing Sparta, Levesque expresses his disappointment toward the policy of the Montagnards, who used the Spartan system as an ideological basis on which they constructed the new French society, leading the country to a dictatorship of few «equals» that looks like turning back with respect to the ideals of the Revolution.


At present there are two theories of 1/f noise in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) transistors. One is based on the McWhorter model (number fluctuations), the other on the Hooge model (mobility fluctuations). In both theories the influence of high electric‐field strengths on the mobility of carriers in the channel were left out of consideration. Here a new model of 1/f noise in MOS transistors is presented which is based on the Hooge model and takes into account the high electric‐field strengths in the channnel. The theoretical results agree well with experimental results.


The liberal heritage in an era of ideological consensus Political and social ideas in Latin America have been affected by two obvious though frequently unappreciated facts that distinguish the region from other parts of the 'non-Western', 'developing', or 'third' world with which it has often been compared. First, the culture of Latin America's governing and intellectual elites is integrally Western, that is, it has emerged within the broader confines of Western European culture, modified of course by the special characteristics Spain and Portugal imparted to their former colonies. Second, the nations of Latin America, with the exception of Cuba, gained their political independence at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is now common to refer to nineteenth-century Latin America as 'neo-colonial', which suggests a situation of economic and cultural dependence for nations that were politically independent. The implication is that independence was formal and superficial and that dependence was the deeper and more significant experience of the region. It is clear that the elites of ninteenth-century Latin America were tied to, even dependent on, Europe, and that their economic interests within the international capitalist system formed part of that tie. It is also clear that the bond with Europe was strengthened after 1870, with the burgeoning of the Latin American export economies. Less clear is that the circumstance of early political independence can be regarded as a superficial element in Latin American culture. On the contrary, the ideologies, political programmes and social theories of the nineteenth century, while intellectually 'European', were nonetheless distinctive and authentically 'Latin American', in part because they emerged in politically independent nations.


The single-term Walsh series (STWS) method is used to find the numerical solution of a singular nonlinear differential equation from fluid dynamics. The STWS method is better than the Runge-Kutta method for this problem.


The University of London was one of the last universities to set up an audiovisual department. It aimed to establish a new and specific professionalism rather than copy the ways of the broadcasters. The Audiovisual Centre has a multiplex existence, being just as prepared to give a small amount of assistance to someone else's production, as to produce a long series of elaborate television programmes.In the past 10 years over 1,000 teaching programmes have been made in video, film and tape-slide. Each year, 1,100 to 1,200 titles are distributed. This article describes the developing role of the Audiovisual Centre, and the lessons learned. Finally, its future role is seen as a widening of its sphere of activity to include the public sector, which is considered the most important development of the 1980s.


Octavian rose to power in Rome after the murder of Julius Caesar and was awarded the title Augustus in 27 BCE, after which he ruled the empire for forty years. The peoples of southern Britain were ruled by numerous war-leaders, and some of these friendly kings developed considerable power as a result of alliances they made with Augustus. This enabled Augustus to keep peace in southern Britain, although he considered invading on several occasions. During his reign, two kingdoms developed and subsumed several individual peoples as the result of the influence of their leaders. These kings received gifts from Augustus, which helped them to build their networks of power. Tiberius succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome and followed the same diplomatic policy with regard to Britain. The most prominent friendly king in southern Britain at this time was Cunobelin (Shakespeare's Cymbeline), who ruled at the oppidum of Camulodunum. When Caligula succeeded Tiberius in 37 CE he decided to invade Germany and Britain, although he failed to follow through with his plans, and he was quickly disgraced and murdered in 41.


One hundred and seventy four subjects (104 females and 70 males) were asked to assess the similarity of two photographed persons of the same sex but not the same age. Matched stimuli systematically differed on sex (male couples or females couples) and age (childhood, youth, adulthood, old age). The hypothesis tested by this experiment was that oriented age relation between two persons (younger vs. older) affects judgements of similarity


Anatomical and morphological studies of tropical crop plants are widely scattered in journals and reference books. This literature is all too often inaccessible to students and researchers in the developing countries of the tropics. In addition, the structure of many crops has never been carefully studied. These factors present a significant constraint on the teaching of and research in tropical agriculture, since all aspects of agriculture are based ultimately on a firm botanical understanding of the crop and especially its plant structure and function. Therefore, this monograph is presented in an effort to summarize previously published information and to offer new observations on the structure of one crop, the papaya. The format of the present monograph will serve as a basis for what is hoped will be a forthcoming series dealing with different tropical crops. The morphology, anatomy, and cytology of the different vegetative and reproductive parts of the plant are described in detail. The terminology used can be found in an introductory text of plant anatomy (for example Esau, 1977). The author welcomes suggestions or comments that could improve the usefulness of such a reference and could be incorporated in future monographs.


Parameter monitoring and control of greenhouse environment play an import ant role in greenhouse production and management. This paper involve a design and implementation of an database based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that is used to monitor and control the essential greenhouse parameters, such as, temperature, humidity and light intensity. This implementation supports the farmers to increase the crop production. All monitored parameters are transmitted through a wireless link to computer via coordinator to be analyzed, and then initiate suitable commands to the specific devices to overcome the drifts in an environmental parameters inside greenhouse. KeywordsWSN; ORACLE DATABASE;GREEN HOUSE;LM35;LDR.


Many avian brood parasites remove one or more host eggs before laying their own eggs in the host nest. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive significance of this behaviour, but none of them provides an adequate explanation. Here we provide a new hypothesis for explaining why a parasite removes host eggs before laying its own. In this study, we attempted to answer this question by constructing a mathematical model that focused on the changes in host decision making according to reduced clutch size as a consequence of egg removal by parasites. We assume that a host selects one of the following two options to maximise the number of its own chicks: trying to eject a suspicious egg from the nest (trying-to-eject) or acceptance without trying to eject the egg (acceptance). The option selected depends on the number of eggs in the nest. Our model provides a new explanation for egg removal behaviour by showing that the host should select trying-to-eject if there is a large number of eggs in the nest but acceptance with a small number of eggs. This is because the relative payoff for a host that selects trying-to-eject decreases with the number of eggs in the nest. Therefore, parasites benefit by removing the host egg because this behaviour reduces the number of eggs in the nest, thereby increasing the probability of their own eggs being accepted. Thus, hosts have evolved egg ejection to combat brood parasites, but it may also have facilitated the evolution of egg removal by parasites. This hypothesis may also apply to brood parasitic species that do not eject host chicks. In addition, this hypothesis may explain other parasitic behaviours, such as egg damaging and egg puncturing, which lead to reductions in the host clutch size.


Metabolic Syndrome is a group of conditions that increases the risk of developing heart disease and / or type 2 diabetes. It is estimated that it affects approximately 25% of the world population. On the other hand, diet plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of several pathologies, among which is the metabolic syndrome; therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the consumption of both simple and complex carbohydrates and their influence on the components of the Metabolic Syndrome in adults...


A new lifting-surface theory is developed for the computation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic pressures on thin structures in the presence of a free surface. Two interesting cases are treated: the steady case and the supercritical unsteady case. The theory is linearized and the problem is reduced to the solution of an integral equation where the unknown function is the pressure difference between the elements of the structure and the right-hand side the angle of attack. Forces and moments are presented in both the steady and unsteady cases. This theory allows the analysis of flutter and the study of steady drag and of the turn of ships.


Type 2 diabetes is still rapidly on the rise today, affecting 10.5% of individuals in the United States between the ages 45 to 64 and 18.4% of those between the ages of 65 to 74. In the past two decades, type 2 diabetes has doubled in all age groups. Many adults with type 2 diabetes experience difficulty managing their blood sugars, which can result in a range of further complications. One of the newest treatment options on the market today is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, Bydureon. Similar to Byetta, Bydureon has a main ingredient of exenatide. It offers once a week dosing as opposed to twice-a-day, which may be more appealing to patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a newly FDA released medication, Bydureon, once weekly dosage in adults with type 2 diabetes. A descriptive, comparative, retrospective study of 35 patients evaluated efficacy by examining Hgb A1C and body mass index in adults with type 2 diabetes at baseline and 3 months after Bydureon was prescribed. Data were collected by a chart review of records in a primary care practice. Results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between baseline to 3 month means in both Hgb A1C (t (34)= -3.05, p=.0044) and BMI (t (34) = -2.86, p = .0072) for patients using Bydureon. Health care providers need to individualize the patients' plans of care to address multifactorial areas of their diabetes care and provide them with an opportunity to successfully meet their goals. Practitioners must be knowledgeable about the treatment options available, including the newer GLP-1 receptor agonist, Bydureon and its efficacy for adults with type 2 diabetes. Chapter One: Introduction Diabetes mellitus, more commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of clinically heterogeneous metabolic disorders that are commonly characterized by glucose intolerance resulting from a defect in either the action and/or or secretion of insulin (Jones, Brashers, & Huether, 2010). It is estimated that some 25.8 million people of all ages in the United States (U.S.) have diabetes, approximately 8.3 percent of the total population (National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse [NDIC], 2011). Of these 25.8 million, only 18.8 million people are diagnosed. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. and one of the major causes of heart disease, stroke, renal failure, non-traumatic lower-limb amputations, and blindness. It is estimated that by 2030, the estimated worldwide population with diabetes will increase by 60 percent over the 2000 numbers (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2012). This increase is due to the general population aging, as well as the eating and physical activity habits in the world, with a parallel increase in obesity (Van Dijk, et al., 2011). Although there is no cure for diabetes, there are a variety of clinical management strategies that can avoid or minimize complications, increase the survival rates, and improve quality of life for the individual with diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2012). These strategies include patient education on management and monitoring of blood glucose levels, and maintaining blood glucose within the normal range. A number of antidiabetic medications have been developed to help individuals with type 2 diabetes achieve blood glucose levels. The most recent of these medications are the incretin mimetics including exenatide. Byetta, a twice daily subcutaneous dosage of exenatide was released by the FDA in April of