In this paper, a new three-port multidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed for integrating an energy storage system (ESS) to a bipolar DC microgrid (BPDCMG). The proposed converter provides a voltage-balancing function for the BPDCMG and adjusts the charge of the ESS. Thanks to the multi-functional operation of the proposed converter, the conversion stages of the system are reduced. In addition, the efficiency and weight of the system are improved. Therefore, this converter has a significant capability when it comes to use in portable BPDCMGs such as electric DC ships. The converter modes are analyzed and small-signal models of the converter in each of the independent modes are extracted. Finally, comprehensive simulation studies are carried out and a BPDCMG laboratory prototype is implemented in order to verify the performance of the proposed voltage balancer using the burst mode control scheme.


The performance of a detection method was degraded by the high dimensional data containing irrelevant and redundant attributes. This paper proposed an intrusion feature selection model based on genetic neural network. The feature selection layer was inserted in between input layer and hidden layer of the traditional genetic neural network, and the connection switch was set between the input layer and feature selection layer. If the switch state is off, the features are selected; otherwise the features are given up. Experimental results showed that this approach can maintain the original integrity of the information, effectively reduce the redundancy. It can improve the detection speed effectively with high detection accuracy.


In order to expand the application fields of potato pulp and broaden the categories of edible film materials,the authors used potato pulp as raw material,sodium alginate and chitosan as film forming agent,glycerol as plasticizer and stearic acid as fatty substances for preparing edible inside packaging film of potato pulp by means of flow casting.Through orthogonal experimental design and analysis,optimum technological parameters for edible inside packaging film of potato pulp were obtained: the dosage of potato pulp 15 g,sodium alginate 1.2 g,chitosan 0.2 g,glycerol 1 mL and stearic acid 0.2 g,and SEM,infrared spectroscopy and X-diffraction were utilized for analysing compatibility of the edible film.


With the development and proliferation of smart grid and the relevant techniques, smart the electricity monitor is increasingly important for improving the overall performance of power network. With a number of new attributes, the smart electricity monitor is significantly different from these conventional electricity meters. For example, it actively provides the information for the management, reliability and maintainability purposes and acts as an irreplaceable component in the power network. In this paper, we mainly focus on the design and implementation of the smart grid which integrates a series of innovative functions, for example demand forecasting and status estimation. Specifically, the research backgrounds pertaining to this field will be briefly introduced and the state-or-the-art mathematical models related to both demand forecasting and status estimation will be constructed accordingly. Also, to investigate their feasibility and efficiency, a set of simulations based on MATLAB will be conducted and the simulated results will be presented. Finally, a complete and innovative prototype of smart electricity use monitor integrating forecasting and status estimation functions can be constructed, verified and analysed in depth by both of mathematical expressions and simulated results.


Human annotation of discourse corpora typically results in segmentation hierarchies that vary in their degree of agreement. This paper presents several techniques for unifying multiple discourse annotations into a single hierarchy, deemed a "gold standard" — the segmentation that best captures the underlying linguistic structure of the discourse. It proposes and analyzes methods that consider the level of embeddedness of a segmentation as well as methods that do not. A corpus containing annotated hierarchical discourses, the Boston Directions Corpus, was used to evaluate the "goodness" of each technique, by comparing the similarity of the segmentation it derives to the original annotations in the corpus. Several metrics of similarity between hierarchical segmentations are computed: precision/recall of matching utterances, pairwise inter-reliability scores ( ), and non-crossing-brackets. A novel method for unification that minimizes conflicts among annotators outperforms methods that require consensus among a majority for the and precision metrics, while capturing much of the structure of the discourse. When high recall is preferred, methods requiring a majority are preferable to those that demand full consensus among annotators.


in the context of socialist market economy,literature once lost its natural characteristics.The main contents of China's traditional thoughts and culture such as"unity of heaven and human","being human-oriented","being robust and ambitious",and so on can be intervened into the today's litera- ture,thus resulting in transcendency in literature and bringing about respect to work,persistence and prospering for the writers and critics.


This research aims to determine the effect of economic growth and local revenue on the level of regional financial independence in districts/cities in East Java province for the period 2006-2016. This study's secondary data sources came from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and The Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK RI) audit reports. We choose the panel data analysis technique to provide more information, more variation, less co-linearity between variables, more degree of freedom, and more efficiency. The results showed that the variables of economic growth and local own-source revenue, either alone or together, had a significant positive effect on the level of regional financial independence.


The mandate of Human Reproduction Update involves several roles: (i) to provide a synthesis of evidence that can aid scientists and clinicians in their daily work; (ii) to help reproductive specialists understand concepts from related disciplines; and (iii) to summarize current knowledge generated by basic science as the foundation of future scientific and clinical advancement. Given that review and synthesis are central to good scientific and clinical practice, and that a grasp of the current state of knowledge is a prerequisite to designing new studies, it is pertinent to ask which reviews are most likely to fulfil the needs of readers. A related question concerns whether systematic reviews meet the needs of all review topics and all readers. Summarizing evidence or knowledge is a difficult problem in reproductive medicine, as in other branches of science and medical care (Eddy et al., 1992). For each question there may be multiple studies that use different designs and inclusion criteria. For clinical questions, the interventions, outcomes and measures of effect may vary: the effect measures in treatment studies include odds ratios, relative risks and absolute differences. For scientific questions, the experimental species, models and designs may differ. Moreover, it is always uncertain whether all of the relevant evidence has been evaluated. Even when the search has been exhaustive, there are no simple guides on how to interpret conflicting results and whether to accept apparently outlying studies. The choices that the reviewer makes to address the variable conditions and uncertainties may be conservative, strict and exclusive, or liberal, open and inclusive. The decisions made by the reviewer may not be consistent throughout and these choices may or may not satisfy the reader who seeks out the review to address a clinical or research question. Faced with uncertainty and doubt, readers nonetheless must form an impression of the evidence and synthesize the state of knowledge in order to address the clinical or research question that stimulated their interest in the review. We argue that the reader is better served when the choices made in the review, regardless of whether they are strict or open, should be explicit, transparent, clearly stated and reproducible by interested readers. This list of objectives for reviews is more easily satisfied by systematic reviews, which use explicit methods to methodically search, critically appraise and synthesize the available literature on a specific issue. The question or issue need not be clinical: indeed, the concept evolved primarily in psychology studies (Light and Pillemer, 1984). The systematic review attempts to reduce reviewer bias through the use of objective, reproducible criteria to select relevant individual publications and assess their validity. A systematic review may include a meta-analysis or statistical summary of the individual study results: the aggregate of effects from several studies yields an average treatment effect that is more precise than the individual study results (Schlesselman and Collins, 2003). Thus, the systematic review involves explicit, transparent methods which are clearly stated, and reproducible by others. Whether a systematic review of randomized controlled trials adheres to the guidelines can easily be evaluated by means of a widely used checklist (the QUORUM statement) (Moher et al., 1999). The strengths of the systematic review include the narrow focus of the question, the comprehensive search for evidence, the criterion-based selection of relevant evidence, the rigorous appraisal of validity, the objective or quantitative summary, and the evidence-based inferences (Cook et al., 1997). For some review topics, however, the strengths of the systematic review may turn into weaknesses. The primary problem is that the narrow focus and prescribed methods of the systematic review do not allow for comprehensive coverage. For example, the historical review is an irreplaceable means of tracing the development of a scientific principle or clinical concept, but the narrative thread could be lost in the strict rules of systematic review. As other examples, it would be burdensome to apply systematic methods to a survey on aneuploidy and fertility in the aging female or to an assessment of mouse knockout models and polycystic ovarian phenotype. Such topics would require the wider scope of a traditional narrative review, in Human Reproduction Update, Vol.11, No.2 pp. 103–104, 2005 doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh058 Advance Access publication December 23, 2004


This chapter discusses the stability of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation with special emphasis on the critical thresholds and state transitions found in model experiments. The thermohaline ocean circulation is a major heat transport mechanism which causes the relatively mild climate in the North Atlantic region (including Europe) in the modern times. The formation of North Atlantic Deep Water and the associated large-scale meridional transports in the Atlantic are maintained by a positive salinity feedback (first identified by Stommel in 1961). A second pos itive feedback is res ponsible for the tendency of deep convection to reoccur in the same regions. These two feedbacks are the main reason for the non-linear behaviour of the thermohaline ocean circulation found in models; their characteristic processes, time and length scales are discussed. Simulations of plausible circulation changes during the last glacial maximum and due to future greenhouse warming are presented.


Background: Extra-articular proximal and distal metaphyseal fractures of tibia pose a significant challenge to the surgeons. Debate continues regarding choice of fixation devices. Evaluate these fractures fixation with intramedullary expert tibial nail and extramedullary locking plate and screws.
Materials and methods: This is a prospective interventional study which had been conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram from July, 2018 to June, 2019. Total 60 cases (30 cases in each group) with proximal and distal metaphyseal tibial fractures (AO/OTA 41A2 to A3 and 43A1 to A3) were taken. Functional assessment was done atleast 6th month of surgery using Tegner Lysholm knee scoring scale and Kaikkonen ankle scale.
Results: According to assessment scale, excellent outcome was observed in 20 (66.7%) patients, good in 05 (16.7%), fair in 03 (9.9%) and poor in 2 (6.7%) patients in ETN group while in LPS group, 18 (60%) patients were excellent, 05 (16.7%) good, 04 (14.3%) fair and 03 (9.9%) patients were poor. Difference in functional outcome in both the groups was statistically non-significant.
Conclusions: There was no significant difference statistically in functional outcome of patients treated with intramedullary and extramedullary fixation method.
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 59-64


An issue on form, and the issue of form itself, might seem in the context of contemporary performance practices and the wider cultural and political environment, to be retrospective, a theme consigned to a formalism associated (at least within performance arts) with the structuralism of the 1970s or the modernism of the mainstream. Yet the question of formof how, where, with and for whom performance takes place, becomes visible or manifests itself as a point of resistance or a moment of slippage or connectivityseems to be as immediate and pressing as ever. The association of the term 'form' itself however has shifted. Form and its relation to timeto the yet-to-comeits relationship to politics, to space, to cultural environment, is perhaps no longer to be used in its more conventional association with the imposition of fixed organizational frameworks on the materials and contexts of performance, but in an active sense of processes of formation, the sets of relational processes that reflect the intensities, differences, transformations and translations that constitute the work of performance.1 Such a view of 'form' is of course exemplified widely in practice across the field of contemporary performance and informed by a relational view of performance as a shared moment of becoming, an event within an always wider and more complex set of associated processes and contexts that make connections (in terms of performance) between texts, histories, political economies and psychodynamics. Such conceptualizations are reflected inter alia in the writings of Nicholas Bourriaud on relational aesthetics and the limitations of static forms. Starting with the assertion that 'art is a state of encounter' where form exists only in the dynamic relationship enjoyed by an artistic proposition with other formations, artistic or otherwise', he goes on to propose that


The article addresses the problem of addictive behavior. It examines the role of anxiety as a risk factor and the protection from adolescents' addictive behavior. It presents comparative results of an empirical study of the anxiety levels of the adolescents who are at risk of computer game addiction, and the adolescents who do not have behavioral problems. The adolescents who are at risk of computer game addiction, show high and low levels of anxiety, and the adolescents who do not have behavioral problems, demonstrate an average (optimal) level of anxiety. The high and low anxiety levels increase the risk of addiction. The optimal level of adolescents' anxiety is a protective personal coping resource. The results of the study contribute to the effectiveness of preventive and remedial work with children and adolescents with regard to their addictive behavior.


Work-in-Progress. "I felt so dumb, and it's not fair that I cannot grasp this information to save my life, and other people can with no problem." Why do some students feel empowered in the classroom, and feel they have control over their own learning, while others do not? Our qualitative investigation is a part of a larger mixed-methods study about students' situational motivations in introductory STEM courses. We used grounded theory to analyze students' responses to surveys about emotion, course relevance, and motivation. We investigated two emergent phenomena we called "internalization" and "externalization." Our definitions of these are based on a student's perception of who or what influences the outcomes of their activities: the students themselves, or external factors such as the instructor, peers, or the educational system as a whole. Our findings indicate that (1) internalization correlates with cognitive autonomy, students' perception of course content having high personal relevance, and group projects in project-based learning environments; and (2) externalization correlates with lecture-based environments and students' perceptions of lack of personal relevance in the course content. Our analyses suggest that project-based learning environments may serve to empower students, but only when course content is found to be relevant.


Objective To explore the role of IL-8 in OX-LDL-induced U264.7 cells.Methods OX-LDL-induced RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by IL-8 for 48 hours,Cells and supernatants were collected.CD14,CD34,CD86 and the early/ terminal apoptotic rate of U264.7cells were examined by flow cytometry,and the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The levels of IL-1β,IL-10 in the supernatants were determined by ELISA.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of CD14,CD34 and CD86 in experimental group were significantly increased(P0.05).The rate of terminal apoptosis was significantly increased(P0.05),but the rate of early apoptosis and CD86 level were not affected(P0.05).The levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein were significantly increased.The levels of IL-1β increased and IL-10 decreased significantly in the supernatants compared with those in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The proatherogenic effect of IL-8 in atherosclerosis(AS) may be partly through up-regulating CD14,CD34 expression in macrophages by increasing IL-8 mRNA and protein,promoting its secretion of IL-1β and suppressing IL-10 level,boosting macrophage terminal apoptosis to participate in the inflammatory responses of AS.


Met-enkephalin and related proenkephalin A-derived peptides circulate in plasma at picomolar concentration as free, native pentapeptide and at nanomolar concentration in cryptic forms. We have optimized conditions for measurement of immunore-active Met-enkephalin in plasma and for generation by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B of much greater amounts of total pep-tidase-derivable Met-enkephalin in plasma of rats, dogs, and humans. Free Met-enkephalin (11 pM) is constituted by native pentapeptide and its sulfoxide. Characterization of plasma total Met-enkephalin derived by peptidic hydrolysis revealed a small amount (38 pM) of Met-enkephalin associated with peptides of molecular mass < 30,000 D, and probably derived from proenkephalin A, but much larger amounts of Met-en-kephalin associated with albumin (1.2 nM) and with a globu-lin-sized protein (2.8 nM). Thus, plasma protein precursors for peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin differ structurally and chemically from proenkephalin A. Met-enkephalin generated from plasma by peptidic hydrolysis showed naloxone-reversible bioactivity comparable to synthetic Met-enkephalin. Prolonged exposure of adult, male rats to restraint stress produced biphasic plasma responses, with peaks occurring at 30 s and 30 min in both free native and total peptidase-deriv-able Met-enkephalin. Repeated daily exposure to this 30-min stress resulted in adaptive loss of responses of both forms to acute restraint. Initial plasma responses of Met-enkephalin paralleled those of epinephrine and norepinephrine, but subsequently showed divergence of response. In conclusion, Met-en-kephalin circulates in several forms, some of which may be derived from proteins other than proenkephalin A, and plasma levels of both free native, and peptidase-derivable Met-en-kephalin are modulated physiologically. Preliminary reports of this work have been published in abstract form Introduction Met-Enkephalin and a number of proenkephalin A-derived peptides are widely distributed within the central nervous system and in many peripheral tissues including adrenal medulla, sympathetic nerve terminals and ganglia, pancreas, gastroin-testinal tract, and pituitary (1, 2). Co-secretion of enkephalin-related peptides and catecholamines has been demonstrated from chromaffin cells in vitro, from isolated perfused adrenal glands and from adrenal gland in vivo (3-7). Although circulating Met-enkephalin has been quantitated by a number of laboratories, considerable variability in plasma concentration has been described (8). Met-enkephalin is degraded rapidly in plasma and changes in circulating levels in response to stimuli have been difficult to document. Indeed, very little is known regarding the in vivo regulation of secretion of Met-enkepha-lin-related peptides and of the plasma levels of Met-enkepha-lin. It has been shown clearly that in a number of tissues, including adrenal medulla and brain, enkephalin-containing peptides are …


We derive the CRBs (Cramer Rao bound) for the joint estimation of the TOA (time of arrival) and the AOA (angle of arrival) in wideband (WB) MISO (multiple input single output) and MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems.We consider both cases of orthogonal and non-orthogonal transmitted signals. We compare the CRBs obtained in SISO (single input single output), SIMO (single input multiple output), MISO and MIMO systems under the assumption that the total transmitted energy is the same for all systems. We show that SIMO and MIMO are equivalent for TOA estimation, and MISO and SISO as well when the transmitted signals are orthogonal. For non-orthogonal signals, MIMO is better than SIMO, and MISO is better than SISO when the received signals are constructive. For AOA estimation, we show that MIMO is better than SIMO and SIMO is better than MISO when the transmitted signals are orthogonal. For non-orthogonal signals, MIMO is much better when the received signals are constructive. The CRBs obtained for non-orthogonal signals are very sensitive to the angle. Numerical results obtained in a typical scenario are provided.


Capillary zone electrophoresis has been utilized for the analysis of chemical equilibria in aqueous solution. Electrophoretic mobility of analyte changes along with the addition of interacting reagent in the migrating solution, and precise measurement of the electrophoretic mobility allows analyzing equilibrium reactions. The capillary electrophoretic method including mathematical analyses was validated through complex formation reactions, and it was applied to the investigation of ion association reactions. Various types of interactions have been clarified; con


Like other businesses in industry, there is a;need to have a software system to give managers and other deGision making executives easy access to up-to-date operating information. This information includes inventory; bookkeeping, and product maintenance activities between central/headguarters and branch stores. The traditional way to prpvide information to those who make critical decisions is to build a centralized data warehouse utilizing various legacy systems. This project intends to explore the feasibility of using a data mart^ structure to expedite the decision-making process and to implement key functions of such a design. This would provide users with critical, timely, and accessible decision-making information. The task of this ; project is to build the communication channel within the enterprise management territory and to provide crucial marketing business intelligence in a timely fashion. The purpose of this project is to develop a Decision Making Database System(Dl^S) that utilizes Object Linking and Embedding(OLE) technologies to simulate how to integrate existing data from many different formats and Ipcatibns into data mart can be regarded as a special kind Of data warehouse in which a summarized, highly focused pprtion of


of large quantities of pottery or flints, the problems involved in coding complicated objects limited its use. She quoted the French work on a Fichier mecanographique which had attempted to computerize bronze implements. The relatively simple shapes of tools had been successfully dealt with and the results had been published (Jean Deshayes: Les outils de bronze de l'Indus au Danube (IVe au lie millinaire, Paris i960). Axes, however, had produced too many three-dimensional variations, and could not be represented by a simple outline drawing. Subtleties which cannot be coded will escape the computer. The attempt to produce a Fichier to deal with cylinder seals had also run into difficulties. The computer can be used as a sorter but not as substitute for intuition and aesthetic judgment. The question arose whether the computer could be used for establishing criteria for the identification of forgeries. Mrs. Lourie pointed out that an exa t copy of a genuine object would not be differentiated from the original by the computer.


In this article,the author introduces the method of foundation treatment.The method is several types of piles combining existing piles to strengthen foundation.The method is chosen according to some conditions,such as the building demanding on foundation,comprehensive construction cost,treatment effect,etc.After the treatment,the bearing capacity and deformation of the foundation can meet the demands of the building.


The citizen journalism it conforms at present as a recovery of the access of the citizenship to the mass media. This reformulation of the active participation of the public ones in the informative process concerns in a direct way different fields of the journalistic activity: the nature of the journalism, the professional training of the reporter, the labour with the sources, the structure and organization of the mass media, the preceptive of the journalistic genres and the journalistic ethics. His advent, and perhaps his consolidation, intensifies the need to explain, in every case, the benefits and prejudices that his irruption provokes in the professional job and in the own society. Now, in the practice, the interpretive report is a journalistic genre difficultly attainable for the common one of the citizens.


The negative impacts of soil compaction on crop yields can often be alleviated by subsoiling. However, this subsoiling operation is often conducted at unnecessarily deep depths where it wastes energy and disturbs surface residue necessary for erosion control and soil quality. A corn (Zea mays L.)-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) rotation experiment was conducted for four years on a Coastal Plain soil with a hardpan in east-central Alabama to evaluate the potential for site-specific subsoiling (tilling just deep enough to eliminate the hardpan layer) to improve crop yields and conserve energy. Both crops showed benefits of subsoiling as compared to the no-subsoiling treatment. Site-specific subsoiling produced yields equivalent to deep subsoiling treatment while not excessively disturbing surface soil and residues. INTRODUCTION The depth and degree of soil compaction has been found to vary greatly throughout Southern U.S. fields. Subsoiling at a uniform depth has been found to be particularly effective in reducing the effect of compaction on crop yields (Campbell et al., 1974). However, subsoiling at a depth deeper than necessary wastes subsoiling energy and unnecessarily disturbs excessive amounts of soil and crop residue. Also, subsoiling at a depth shallower than necessary wastes subsoiling energy without eliminating the compacted soil condition. Adjusting the depth of subsoiling to match the hardpan depth throughout a field, i.e., site-specific subsoiling, was investigated as a potential method for soil compaction management. Measurements of the hardpan depth taken in the Southeastern U.S. indicate that between 25 and 75% of subsoiling energy could be saved if some form of site-specific subsoiling could be developed and used (Fulton et al., 1996; Raper, 1999). Also, some data indicate that subsoiling deeper than necessary may reduce yields (Raper et al., 2000). Therefore, this study was initiated to evaluate whether the concept of site-specific subsoiling was viable. METHODS AND MATERIALS A 20-ac field from the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station's E.V. Smith Research and Education Center in east-central Alabama, USA was used for this experiment. The coastal plain field was comprised of a Toccoa fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Typic Udifluvents) that had excessive soil strength and required annual subsoiling. A complete set of soil cone penetrometer measurements (ASAE, 1999a; ASAE, 1999b) were obtained with the Multiple-Probe Soil Measurement System (Raper et al., 1999) on an approximate 300-ft grid. Cone index measurements were analyzed to determine depth to the hardpan over the entire field.


This paper first introduces the label distribution protocol (LDP) in the MPLS network and then discusses and analyzes some key issues of the scaling capability of the LDP protocol in detail. Some deficiencies in the current LDP protocol and problems for further research have been pointed out.


Relational literacies1 are ripe with coalitional possibility as they can open people to new ways of understanding, learning, imagining, and being in relation to others' stories, interests, and contexts. As such, they can be understood as both events and practices. As events, relational literacies are interactive occasions. Shirley Brice Heath understands a literacy event as "any occasion in which a piece of writing is integral to the nature of participants' interactions and their interpretive processes" (93). While we maintain an emphasis on process, interaction, and context, we move from Heath's engagement with alphabetic literacy to also include non-alphabetic literacies. Therefore, an event for us implies interaction around "a piece of writing" as well as around multimodal, technological, embodied, imagined, and/or performed works (see Martin). Understood as practices, relational literacies imply the labor of making meaning, of shared knowledges, or of producing and developing new knowledges together. In other words, relational literacies are understandings and knowings in the world that are never produced singularly or in isolation but rather depend on interaction. This interdependency animates the coalitional possibilities inherent in relational literacies. The rhetorical function of relational literacies is to treat "community histories as meaningful [and to] make people and places knowable and understandable"—legible to one another for purposes of shared social action (Licona and Russell 2). Relational literacies and Abstract: "Relational literacies," informed by women-of-color feminisms and literacy studies, implies the desire and possibility for shared action and conocimiento. It is a third-space concept related to borderlands rhetorics, coalitional gestures, relational knowledges, and queer migration politics that can intervene into the delegitimation of particular bodies/bodies-of-knowledge. They can also be understood as multimodal, participatory, and embodied meaning-making practices and performances. Relational literacies, at play in the accompanying experimental video, are related to queer temporalities that are both pastand future-oriented at once and have the capacity to produce knowledge from home spaces, abuelit@ wisdoms, and wild imaginings.


Harmonious society is a kind of ideal social mode,advanced ideology,and realistic social activity.Establishing socialistic harmonious society is a pursuit of ideal society and a huge system engineering.It is very essential to have strong material foundation,sound democracy foundation,prosperous cultural foundation and fine environment foundation.We should attach great importance and grasp the source of strength of establishing a harmonious society.That is mainly the theories source,knowledge source,self-source and subject-source.Observing,analyzing and considering problem systematically and dialectically combining with the present condition of our society,is very important and urgent.


In his outline of Theory U, an awareness-based social change methodology, Scharmer (2018) depicts seven stages of presencing which he suggests can enable deeper modes of perception and knowing, to help us actualise our highest potential for social, economic, and cultural renewal. In this paper I attempt to shine a deeper light into the seven stages of presencing, by drawing from the fields of transpersonal psychology, quantum physics, and consciousness studies. In doing so, my objective is to operationalise in psychological terms key processes in presencing, such as "letting go", letting come", "connecting to source", and "dialoguing with the universe". I explore what such processes may involve and what they may demand of presencing practitioners.
In the first half of the paper, I map Scharmer's (2018) seven stages onto three core streams of consciousness which inform the human experience, reflecting on the features and qualities of each stream, and considering what psychosomatic dynamics may be at play as we enact the trajectory of the U. In depicting the three streams of consciousness, I highlight some of the challenges which presencing presents, suggesting that it is, in essence, a depth-psychological and spiritual approach.
In the second half of the paper, I explore the practical and ethical implications of presencing, considering what capacities and attitudes may need to be nurtured in practitioners to support skilful facilitation and enactment of the U process. I also consider what frameworks could be deployed to facilitate safe and effective practice.


Results of surgical treatment of prostatic adenoma in patients, who received medicamental therapy in pre-hospital stage were analyzed. The financial cost of surgical and medicamental treatment of prostatic adenoma was counted.


In a multiple-access communication system, many users utilize the same spectral bandwidth by transmitting, for example, during assigned time slots using time-division multiple access (TDMA). The users of a cellular system based on TDMA can encounter cochannel interference because carrier frequencies are reused in nearby cells. In this paper, we investigate adaptive beamforming and equalization algorithms for cochannel signal detection in the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). In particular, we are interested in iterative weight refinement techniques where the beamformer weights are successively adapted using re-encoded TDMA data to improve signal estimation. The data of a GSM channel are processed in two stages that include the following series of steps: frame synchronization, adaptive beamforming, signal detection, adaptive equalization, and soft-input decoding. The algorithms are evaluated using the number of frames passing the parity check as the performance measure for real GSM data collected with an array of antennas


The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to an insecticide composition for preventing and controlling piercing-sucking mouthpart pests, and application of the insecticide composition. The insecticide composition for preventing and controlling the piercing-sucking mouthpart pests comprises active ingredients of thiamethoxam, buprofezin and chlorpyrifos; the active ingredients account for 5-40% of the total weight of the insecticide composition; and the weight percentage of thiamethoxam to buprofezin to chlorpyrifos is (1-5):(1-5):(2-7). The insecticide composition is used for preventing and controlling aphid, aleyrodid, leafhoppers and thrips.


Abstract An efficient simplification procedure of the optical flow (OF) algorithm as well as its hardware implementation using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology is presented. The modified algorithm is based on block matching of subsets of successive frames, and exploits onedimensional representation of subsets as well as the adaptive adjustments of their sizes. Also, an l1- norm-based correlation function requiring no multiplication/division operations is used. As a result, it was possible to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm without compromising the processing accuracy. Both the accuracy and the limitations resulting from the introduced simplifications have been verified based on several examples of both synthetic and real movie samples. The presented algorithm has been implemented using VirtexII-1000 FPGA to realize a digital stabilization system for the CMOS camera images. Experimental results fully confirm the efficiency of the presented algorithm when working with limited computational resources. This demonstrates the possibility of using our algorithm in the autonomous navigation and other battery-powered systems.


Damage to the cervical epithelial layer due to infection and inflammation is associated with preterm birth. However, the individual and/or collective roles of cervical epithelial layers in maintaining cervical integrity remain unclear during infection/inflammation. To determine the intercellular interactions, we developed an organ‐on‐chip of the cervical epithelial layer (CE‐OOC) composed of two co‐culture chambers connected by microchannels, recapitulating the ectocervical and endocervical epithelial layers. Further, we tested the interactions between cells from each distinct region and their contributions in maintaining cervical integrity in response to LPS and TNFα stimulations. The co‐culture of ectocervical and endocervical cells facilitated cellular migration of both epithelial cells inside the microchannels. Compared to untreated controls, both LPS and TNFα increased apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence as well as increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions by cervical epithelial cells. In summary, the CE‐OOC established an in vitro model that can recapitulate the ectocervical and the endocervical epithelial regions of the cervix. The established CE‐OOC may become a powerful tool in obstetrics and gynecology research such as in studying cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition and the dynamics of cervical epithelial cells in benign and malignant pathology in the cervix.


Regional expressway scale is the foundation of transportation supply capacity.Rational scale certification of expressway is the basic method to balance the supply and demand of regional expressway.From the point of economic development,combined with the technical and economic characteristics of the expressway,this paper discussed the scale features including network effects,marginal effectiveness,and efficiency delay of regional expressway.According to the principle of demand oriented and cost oriented combination,the forecasting model was established using bi-level programming approach,considering maximization of the cost-effectiveness of regional expressway network construction,and equilibration of the transportation supply and demand,several constraints of construction were also taken into account.While,the Particle swarm optimization method was used to solve the problem.At the last section,the paper verified the model using the data of a province in the central region of China,forecasted the rational network scale in 2020,and the results showed the rationality of the model.


Background: Benzimidazoquinazolinones and related quinazolines are classes of heterocycles that are of considerable interest because of the diverse range of their biological properties. Although numerous classes of quinazolines have been conventionally synthesized, their syntheses have been suffered due to the multiple steps that sometimes have described in their preparation and also their chemical transformations that have been taken hours or even days to be completed. However, microwave energy can offer numerous benefits for performing synthesis of organic compounds including reduced pollution, increased reaction rates, yield enhancements, and cleaner chemistries.


1 Authors are listed in alphabetical order by last name. 2 This study was completed by Sose Grum and Taylor Czasnojc. Although there were some components of the study that were completed individually, most of the research was completed as a collaborative effort with much revision and discussion. For data curation, Taylor and Sose both interviewed a respondent, one that was a continuing college student and one that was not. We thank Dr. Molly King, Dr. Laura Nichols, Dr. Cara Chiaraluce and Dr. Di for their extensive aid and support.


The study's abstract summarizes the findings of years of research in the area of quality management of industrial production and construction production, which were based on mathematical modeling techniques, process, and outcomes of implementing the developed program of monitoring and quality control in the enterprise's production process. The objective of this work is to show to the scientific community the useful outcomes of mathematical modeling in software applications. Quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers. Defects or failures in constructed facilities can result in very large costs. Even with minor defects, re-construction may be required and facility operations impaired. Increased costs and delays are the result. In the worst case, failures may cause personal injuries or fatalities. Accidents during the construction process can similarly result in personal injuries and large costs. Indirect costs of insurance, inspection and regulation are increasing rapidly due to these increased direct costs. Good project managers try to ensure that the job is done right the first time and that no major accidents occur on the project. The research focused on describing applicable mathematical models, viewpoints, and practical outcomes of their use in the applied sector to evaluate quality control. This mathematical model was applied by the authors. The outcomes of using this approach are presented in the article. By utilizing mathematical modeling techniques, the authors created an experimental software management and quality assessment system. The authors continue their study in this area to enhance prognostic and diagnostic processes based on mathematical modeling methodologies for diagnostic systems and quality management systems.. The independent quality control, which was based on some traditional inspection techniques and used mathematical modeling techniques, revealed a negligible partial discrepancy in the results of the estimation, proving both the efficacy of the product and the suitability of the mathematical modeling concept.
Keywords: Quality control, mathematical modeling, construction quality.


This paper describes the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Yakut. A brief description of the Yakut language and its status in Russia is given after which the use of the Yakut version of MAIN in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) is described.


The root bark of Ulmus macrocarpa has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as edema, infection and inflammation. Nevertheless, the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effects remain unclear. In this study, as part of our ongoing screening program to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of new compounds from traditional medicinal resources, we investigated the effects of U. macrocarpa water extract (UME) on immune modulation in a murine RAW 264.7 macrophage model. As immune response parameters, the productions of as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 were evaluated. Although the release of IL-1β remained unchanged in UME-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, the productions of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased, along with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase, TNF-α and IL-10 expression at concentrations with no cytotoxicity. UME treatment also induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) indicating that UME activated macrophages through the activation of NF-κB, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, pre-treatment with UME significantly attenuated the production of NO, but not TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10, in lipopolysaccharidestimulated RAW 264.7 cells suggesting that UME may be useful in preventing inflammatory diseases mediated by excessive production of NO. These findings suggest that the beneficial therapeutic effects of UME may be attributed partly to its ability to modulate immune functions in macrophages.


For many years, a group of the Association des Archéologues de Lot-et-Garonne (AA47) has been working on roman roads in the Nitiobroges' territory. This paper presents the results of research on the course of the Aginnum-Divona road, the only ancient one in Lot-et-Garonne to have delivered a milestone but which is not however mentioned in the Itineraries. Since the Middle Ages, it has been known as Camino na Bruniquel. The investigation was based on archives, ancient maps and cadastres and on the interpretations of aerial photographs and satellite images combined with field reconnaissance. This Camino has been systematically followed on its presumed course from Agen to the limit of the Nitiobroges' territory, in order to locate the possible still existing sections of the roman road in situ. This work has been regularly transmitted in reports to the SRA.


The university training program according to the CDIO approach is built in the direction of developing learners' qualities and capacities through a scientific, logical and measurable learning-outcome system. As the first course to benefit from the CDIO approach training program at the University, 120 students of K58 need to be surveyed and evaluated on their professional competencies to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program after one cycle of application, which is the basis for promptly improving and adjusting the training program. This study conducted a survey of these graduates on four groups of professional competencies. The obtained results reflect the improvement in training quality of the Primary Education sector, and at the same time serve as a practical basis for activities to improve and develop primary school teacher training programs in the future, to meet the innovation requirements of the country's education in the context of industrialization, modernization of the country and international integration.


We report, for the first time, numerical and experimental investigation of propagation of multi-bound solitons in optical fiber. The results show clearly the interaction of multi-bound solitons in optical fiber.


Summary • The practice of medicine is a business of communications. Communications can be facilitated by technology. Healthcare providers organized in medical practices, hospitals, and nursing homes have tremendous needs to effectively communicate within their organizations and between their organizations. The focus on electronic medical records comes not only from the need to communicate but also from a desire to reduce administrative costs and to improve services and quality of care to patients. Frustration with the inadequacies of a paper chart‐filing system drives providers in all delivery venues toward technology at an increasing rate. Implementation barriers to technology adoption in medical practices can be overcome by incremental approaches and knowledge‐transfer assistance from affiliated community healthcare partners such as hospitals.


In general, average Reynolds equation is defined in terms of shear flow factors in order to determine the effects of surface roughness on partially lubricated contacts. This paper is essentially devoted to the application of flow factors model to real shaft and bearing surfaces, obtained by metrological measures. Additionally, the average Reynolds equation is completed by "cross" flow factors. The "cross" flow factors may have an important role if model is applied on either longitudinally or transversely oriented surfaces (surfaces with directional patterns oriented with an angle).Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Our objective is to compute the neighborhood degree-based topological indices via NM-polynomial for starphene. In the neighborhood degree-based topological indices, we compute the third version of the Zagreb index; neighborhood second Zagreb index; neighborhood forgotten topological index; neighborhood second modified Zagreb index; neighborhood general Randic index; neighborhood harmonic index; neighborhood inverse sum index; first, second, third, fourth, and fifth NDe indices; fourth atom bond connective index; fifth geometric arithmetic index; fifth arithmetic-geometric index; fifth hyper-first and second Zagreb index; general first neighborhood index; and Sanskruti index. These neighborhood topological indices are computed both direct and via the NM-polynomial approach.


Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.. INTRODUCTION Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use. Package labeling or labeling is any written, electronic, or graphic communications on the packaging or on a separate but associated label. OBJECTIVE OF PACKAGING : Packaging and package labeling have several objectives: 1. Physical protection: The objects enclosed in the package may require protection from, among other things, shock, vibration, compression, temperature, etc. 2. Barrier protection: A barrier from oxygen, water vapour, dust, etc., is often required. Permeation is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain desiccants or Oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf life. Modified atmospheres or controlled atmospheres are also maintained in some food packages. Keeping the contents clean, fresh, sterile and safe for the intended shelf life is a primary function. 3. Containment or agglomeration: Small objects are typically grouped together in one package for reasons of efficiency. For example, a single box of 1000 pencils requires less physical handling than 1000 single pencils. Liquids, powders, and granular materials need containment. 4. Information transmission: Packages and labels communicate how to use, transport, recycle, or dispose of the package or product. With ' pharmaceuticals, food, medical, and chemical products, some types of information are required by governments. Some packages and labels also are used for track and trace purposes. 5. Marketing: The packaging and labels can be used by marketers to encourage potential buyers to purchase the product. Package graphic design and physical design have been important and constantly evolving phenomenon for several decades. Marketing communications and graphic design are applied to the surface of the package and the point of sale display. 6. Security: Packaging can play an important role in reducing the security risks of shipment. Packages can be made with improved tamper resistance to deter tampering and also can have tamper-evident features to help indicate tampering. Packages can be engineered to help reduce the risks of package pilferage: Some package constructions are more resistant to pilferage and some have pilfer indicating seals. Packages may include authentication seals and use security printing to help indicate that the package and contents are not counterfeit. Packages also can include anti-theft devices, such as dye-packs, RFID tags, or electronic substance surveillance tags that can be activated or detected by devices at exit points and require specialized tools to deactivate. Using packaging in this way is a means of loss prevention, 7. Convenience: Packages can have features that add convenience in distribution, handling, stacking, display, sale, opening, reclosing, use, dispensing, and reuse. [Korde*, 3(5): May, 2016] ISSN 2349-6193 Impact Factor (PIF): 2.243


The Duncan memorial lecture Dr Duncan was the first medical officer of health in Britain and is remembered in many ways including an annual lecture in the city which benefited from his vision and experience, Liverpool. We are pleased to be able to publish the 1993 lecture which is the second in our lecture series following the 1993 Cochrane lecture published earlier this year. Social inequalities and accidents Several articles pick up the theme of social inequalities ard health and the three short reports focus on accidents of various types in the old and the young. Short reports continue to be a way of communicating results much more quickly than normal, especially since the number of papers submitted to the Journal each year has dramatically increased lately. Health expectancy compared with life expectancy A methodological article presents the case for adding health to years in calculations of expected life span-a rather different approach to quality of life-but advises caution in using and interpreting various methods of calculation. The UK Society for Social Medicine We have a long-established tradition of publishing abstracts of lectures and posters accepted by peer review for the Annual Scientific Meeting of this Society which numbered in its members several ofthe founders ofthis Journal. Although this is a special connection we welcome the submission of abstracts from other similar societies. Editorial Why we need qualitative research "The almost sole recognition given to quantitative methods has trained students inadequately, established flawed standards of practice and research, and delayed the development of essential medical knowledge.... When qualitative methods are clearly established in our research repertoire, the advance of medical knowledge will be greatly acceler-ated".' Aetiological and health services research are dominated by quantitative methods: research tends to be considered real and serious only when it uses these approaches. Quanti-fication has acquired a bogus value-if something can be measured or counted it gains a scientific credibility often not afforded to the unmeasured or unmeasurable. Because of this, a finding or result is more likely to be accepted as a fact if it has been quantified than if it has not. On occasions, our love affair with numbers goes even further: sometimes we may suspend our critical faculties when faced with quantitative information, whether derived from routine or ad hoc sources. As a result, many well known, widely accepted "facts" of doubtful accuracy have become entrenched in our supposed knowledge of …


Anthocyanin pigments and nectar constituents of Cheirostemon platanoides and Kigelia pinnata were analyzed in an effort to define provisionally a "bat syndrome" of floral phytochemical characters. Amounts and composition of sugar, protein, amino acid, and phenolic nectar constituents are presented. Genetic homology with related taxa appears to dominate over special adaptation to pollination by bats in determining floral pigments, but some evidence of adaptative change is present in nectar sugar composition. The contribution of nectar constituents to bat nutrition and energetics is discussed. THE EXISTENCE OF SYNDROMES of morphological characters associated with particular classes of pollinators is well documented. Recent evidence suggests that adaptively significant syndromes of phytochemical characters may also be associated with pollinator classes. Such studies have centered around floral pigments (Harborne and Smith 1978) and nectar constituents, especially sugars (Baker 1978). The existence of a morphological "bat syndrome" is well established (Faegri and Pijl 1966). This report provisionally defines a corresponding phytochemical bat syndrome. The taxa under investigation are Cheirostemon platanoides Humboldt and Bonpland (Chi ranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat.) (Sterculiaceae) and Kigelia pinnata DC. (Bignoniaceae). Cheirostemon is a monotypic genus native to montane cloud forests of southern Mexico and Guatemala. Kigelia consists of six species and is native to tropical Africa. Both of these taxa have been reported as "classical" bat-pollinated plants (Vogel 1958, Harris and Baker 1958). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nectar samples were taken from Cheirostemon platanoides plants cultivated at the Botanic Garden of the University of California at Los Angeles and from Kigelia pinnata cultivated at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum. Samples were frozen and stored at -20 C until analysis. Corolla colors were determined by comparison with Royal Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart standards. Corolla pigments were extracted into acidified methanol and purified by one-dimensional paper chromatography in BAW (BuOHHOAc-H20, 4:1:5). Pigments were identified by determining of Rf values with four solvents using standard methods (Harborne 1967). Total solids in nectar were determined in the field with a hand refractometer. Nectar sugar composition was determined by paper chromatography with appropriate standards using an ethyl acetatepyridine-water (12:4:5) solvent. Sugars were visualized using a benzidine spray, and subjective judgments of relative amounts were made on the basis of


The study intends to investigate the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between Organization justice and Turnover Intention. Data for the study was collected through convenience sampling technique from 221 employees of commercial banks on five points likert scale through a self administrative questionnaire. Descriptive and casual comparative research design was used to conduct the research study using correlation and hays process macro approaches. The findings of the study revealed that job satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between organization justice and Turnover Intention. In this regard, management authority of commercial banks can re-formulate their policies and strategies for their employees with regard to organization justice to minimize Turnover Intention and enhance job satisfaction.


Hypertension in children is frequently not diagnosed. Despite a 2013 statement by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force that "evidence is


The reversible resistance switching (RS) controlled by current pulse pairs, accompanied with an overshooting relaxation, is observed in bulk La(0.225)Pr(0.4)Ca(0.375)MnO(3). We demonstrate that the reversible RS effect is not the result of current-induced intrinsic transition of charge-ordered insulator (COI) into ferromagnetic metal (FMM) phase, but the outcome of Joule-heat-assisted transition between the FMM and COI phases. A local thermal-cycle assisted rearrangement of the FMM phase in the COI matrix is controllable by a current pulse, opening a possibility for multistate memory applications. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3241997]


The Internet of Things (IoT) supports a wide range of applications including smart cities, traffic congestion, waste management, structural health, security, emergency services, logistics, retails, industrial control, and health care. IoT is mega-technology that can establish connection with anything, anyone, at any time, place, service on a platform and any network. It has a great impact on the whole block chain of businesses, smart objects and devices, systems and services that are enabled by heterogeneous network connectivity and is developed as a smart pervasive framework of smart devices. IoT devices are in use in many fields, they connect to complex devices, interface with hostile environments and are deployed on various uncontrolled platforms, therefore faces many security issues and challenges. Since the IoT offers a potential platform for integrating any type of network and complex system it could encounter vulnerabilities inherent to the individual systems which are available within the integrated network. This research paper is a study of the security issues of the individual systems responsible for IoT interconnection and their impact towards the integrated IoT system.


he invention relates to a storage system for objects, in particular containers (3), and to a voltage supply unit for an object, wherein the storage system comprises storage places for the objects, in particular for the objects which are to be stored and/or retrieved, wherein a primary conductor (40) is arranged in each case at one or more storage places, the primary conductor (40) being in particular arranged in a stationary manner, wherein a voltage supply unit is detachably connected to the object, said voltage supply unit having a secondary winding which can be inductively coupled with the primary conductor (40), and wherein the object has an electrical load, especially a refrigeration unit, the electrical load being supplied with electricity by the voltage supply unit.


In the absence of curative treatment, such as stem cell transplant, regular transfusions remain the mainstay of therapy for individuals with thalassemia major, a syndrome that results from marked ineffective erythropoiesis and the resultant anemia. The primary objectives of transfusion therapy are twofold: to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis and to ensure appropriate growth and development through childhood. In practice, a number of different transfusion protocols are in use across the developed world, with on‐demand transfusion still being the paradigm in most of the developing world with limited resources.


This paper describes the design and development of a system that incorporates a low-cost and flexible home control and monitoring system for accessing and controlling household appliances (like lights, fans, door locks, etc., ) remotely by sending SMS using a custom made Android Smart Phone Application. The cellular communication (GSM) is a potential solution for such remote controlling activities. Remotely, the system allows the home owner to monitor and control the home appliances via mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages. The system uses the Android Application for control of appliances and therefore the system is more adaptable and cost-effective and also providing ubiquitous access for appliance control. Keywords— Mobile handset; Android Application; Arduino Uno microcontroller; short message service (SMS); GSM SIM900 module; AT command set.


This paper is concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions of a higher
 dimensional lattice delayed cooperation system with nonlocal diffusion.
For sufficiently small intraspecific cooperative delays, we construct upper
 and lower solutions
under two different parameters conditions. And then, by using the monotone
 iterative and Schauder's fixed point theorem,
we obtain the existence of traveling wave solutions.
The lower bound of the wave speed is in accordance with the properties of linear determined.


Major religious traditions devote significant effort to understand the nature of the relationship between God and the world. The lure of this discussion stems from the profound implications it bears on humanity's religious experience. Namely, God and human relationship is, consciously or unconsciously, conceptualized in the light of the perceptions of God and cosmos relationship. The fundamental questions pertaining, especially, to the psychological aspects of human religiosity are answered with an eye on the metaphysical assumptions on the God-cosmos relationship. For example in formulating an answer to the problem of theodicy, the entire relationship of God and the world must be examined. How does God relate to my sorrows Major religious traditions devote significant effort to understand the nature of the relationship between God and the world. The lure of this discussion stems from the profound implications it bears on humanity's religious experience. The fundamental questions pertaining, especially, to the psychological aspects of human religiosity are answered with an eye on the metaphysical assumptions on the God-cosmos relationship. Charles Hartshorne, one of the most influential philosophers of religion of the last century, develops a set of metaphysical concepts in order to understand the God-cosmos relationship in the age of science. In his system, God and the world exist in a dynamic and mutually enriching relationship, and the immanence or dependence of God upon the world is the most notable hallmark.


Simulating a realistic-sized equity premium in macroeconomic models has proved a daunting challenge, hence the "equity premium puzzle". "Resolving" the puzzle requires heavy lifting. Precise choices of particular preferences, shocks, technologies, and hard borrowing constraints can do the trick, but haven't stopped the search for a simpler and more robust solution. This paper suggests that soft, but rapidly rising borrowing costs, imbedded in an otherwise standard overlapping generations model can work. Its model features ten periods, isoelastic preferences with modest risk aversion, Cobb-Douglas production, realistic shocks, and reasonable fiscal policy. Absent borrowing costs, the model's equity premium is extremely small. Adding the costs readily produces large equity premiums. These results differ from those of Constantinides, Donaldson, and Mehra (2002). In their model, hard borrowing constraints on the young can produce large equity premiums. Here soft, but rising borrowing costs on all generations are needed.


The most crucial religious needs of the aging person are the need for affirmation in the face of death and the need for a coming to grips with life as a totality. These needs occur in the inner, subjective life and if successfully met provide meaning and assist growth as the aging person prepares to face death. Christian faith has a more important role in serving these needs than present Church practice would indicate.


Stingless bee honey samples were evaluated by sensory descriptive analysis using free choice profile methodology. Appearance, flavor, and aroma were described and the data were treated with Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Individual descriptive terms ranged from 8 to 20. Plotting the samples in a bidimensional plan indicated that appearance attributes (color and viscosity) and sweet, sour and acid flavor were strongly correlated with x axis (Dimension 1) while coconut, wood, acid, sour, and sweet flavor aroma attributes were correlated with y axis (Dimension 2). The affective test was also performed and with the exception of the Melipona scutellaris honey, all the other samples showed good acceptance. Honeys that were described as sweeter and less acid were preferred by nontrained assessors, indicating that the regular consumer recognizes honey produced by Apis mellifera bee as a standard.


1-Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran * Corresponding author email: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT: Because of the nonlinear I-V characteristic of PV array and maximum power point (MPP) varying in different condition it is necessary to use one of the conventional MPP tracking (MPPT) methods to reach optimum state of PV array working. There are a many methods for MPPT that used widely. The method that is used in this paper is perturb and observe (P&O) method. P&O isn't the best method to reach MPP, but due to its low-cost and ease of implementation is first choice to use. In this paper using adaptive P&O through SEPIC converter solves slow dynamic of conventional P&O in fast irradiation level changing. The simulation is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK


proportion of gastrointestinal disease attributable to foodborne transmission and the degree of under-reporting. Here, we offer a re-evaluation of the ANZFA estimates in the light of the CDC assumptions. Australian National Centre for Disease Control data (see Table) show an annual mean of approximately 22000 notified cases of gastroenteritis in Australia for 1995 to 1999, inclusive. ANZFA assumes all cases of gastroenteritis are of foodborne origin (which is clearly not the case), while the CDC assumes different rates of foodborne transmission for different pathogens. Applying the CDC rates for food borne transmission reduces the estimated number of foodborne gastroenteritis cases to 16525 (Table). While ANZFA assumes a multiplier of 100 in accounting for under-reporting of foodborne illness, CDC again use different mutipliers depending on the pathogen, ranging between twofold (for Listeria and S. typht) and 38-fold for organisms causing non-bloody diarrhoea (Salmonella, Campylobacter and ~rsinia). Applying the CDC multipliers to the Australian data decreases the ANZFA estimate of 2.3 million cases to 617426 cases (Table). Finally, ANZFA and CDC assume different contributions to overall levels of foodborne disease from non-notifiable bacterial (eg, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Vibrio and Bacillus) and viral disease (eg, Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Norwalk virus). The ANZFA assumption is 30%-40%,3 while the CDC assumption is 72%. Thus, from ANZFA estimates (see Table), the To THE EDITOR: The Australia and New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) has estimated the incidence offoodborne disease in Australia as 4.2 million cases annually. This, which works out at 220 cases per 1000 population, shows a higher level in Australia than in countries with similar food systems, such as the United States (175 cases/1000), New Zealand and the United Kingdom (190 cases/l Ouu);! Recently, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC)2 quantified foodborne disease in the USA. Several of the assumptions they used in doing so were different from John L Sumner," Tom A McMeekln,t Tom Ross*


Asexual propagation methods include cuttings,grafting,tissue culture,layering with roots, burying roots and etc. According to recent planting experiment,practice and related data,a comprehensive analysis of asexual propagation techniques on Pinus yunnanensis Franeli is made,and the current practice of asexual propagation is focused on cutting and grafting. This paper elaborates asexual propagation techniques on Pinus yunnanensis Franeli from aspects of spike strips and matrix selection,relationships coordination of temperature humidity and light,cutting methods and management,and rootstock and scion selection after grafting,grafting method and time.


Here is an in-depth look at the colorful past, controversial present, and exciting and challenging future of cooperative cataloging. Over the years, librarians have struggled to develop a successful cooperative cataloging system that catalogs bibliographic items through the joint action of a group of independent libraries and makes bibliographic records accessible to both group members and nonparticipating libraries. Cooperative Cataloging chronicles the programs that have been tried and helps readers understand the importance of cooperative cataloging, its strengths and weaknesses, and its promise for the future. The chapters in Cooperative Cataloging reflect the major issues discussed by the newly formed Cooperative Cataloging Council. Its goals are to provide access to materials in libraries'collections, to increase the availability of unique records created under mutually acceptable standards, and to provide leadership in the information community. Some of the important cooperative cataloging efforts covered in this book include: the National Coordinating Cataloging Program (NCCP) cooperative cataloging outside the United States CONSER the National Coordinated Cataloging Operation (NACO) the United States Newspaper Program cooperative cataloging microform sets Catalogers, library administrators, technical services administrators, and library school students will gain a better understanding of the past from this comprehensive historical perspective on cooperative cataloging. They will also benefit from discussions of current programs and valuable suggestions for improving libraries'ability to provide bibliographic access to information resources. Cooperative Cataloging helps information professionals lay a solid foundation for successful cooperative cataloging in the future.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation McDonald, Lani Maureen, "The resilience of the child as a factor in successful adjustment to permanent placement" (1978). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2744.


Crystalline polymers such as β-cyclodextrin (βCD) can be modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) diglycidyl ether cross-linkers (262, 394, 500 Da). Here we show that the quantity and length of the PEG soft segments influence the solubility and malleability of the products, which are water-soluble and easily converted to nitrated analogues under standard reaction conditions. Inert and nitrated derivatives containing longer PEG segments showed the ability to self-heal. The degree of cross-linking and decomposition temperatures and energies depended on the quantity and length of the soft segment. Nitrated cross-linked βCD containing longer PEG segments did not ignite following an electrostatic discharge of 4.5 J. The chemical stability of βCD/PEG binders was tested by heat flow calorimetry at 80 °C. We found that the balanced incorporation of soft PEG and rigid βCD segments improved the processability of cross-linked βCDs and desensitised their nitrated derivatives, offering new solutions for inert and energetic binders.


The recent experimental work on photomeson production from hydrogen and deuterium has concentrated on experiments designed to test the accuracy of the ChewLow theory. Two experimeats were performed: (a) measurement of tha differential cross section for photoproduction of positive pions by 260-Mev photons on hydrogen at angles from 0 to 160 deg , and b) the relative yield of positive pions from deuterium and hydrogen measured at angles from 20 to 60 deg and meson energies (lab system) ranging from 45 to 140 Mev. For these experiments a liquid hydrogen target wvith a condenser for liquefying deuterium was used. The positive pions were identified by their characteristic pi - mu decay. The main emphasis in these experiments was on small angle measurements. In this angalar region the measured differential cross section from hydrogen shows clearly the effect of the direct interaction of the incident photon with the meson current of the nucleon. An analysis of the angular distribution from 0 to 180 deg of these data and that from the Illinois and California Institutes of Technology experiments by the method suggested by Moravcsik shows that the magnitude of this effect is in good agreement with the theory. In the experimentmore » on the relative yield from D and H, the Chew--Low theory predicts the magnitude of the spin-flip and no-spin-flip interactions. In this case, the magnitude of the effect is largest at small angles. The experimental points are in reasonably good agreement with the numerical results from the work of Uretsky, which is based on the Chew-Low theory and uses a plane-wave approximation corrected for the 'S neutron-neutron scattering in the final state. (auth)« less


Online knowledge repositories typically rely on their users or dedicated editors to evaluate the reliability of their content. These evaluations can be viewed as noisy measurements of both information reliability and information source trustworthiness. Can we leverage these noisy evaluations, often biased, to distill a robust, unbiased and interpretable measure of both notions? In this talk, I will first argue that the temporal traces left by these noisy evaluations give cues on the reliability of the information and the trustworthiness of the sources. Then, I will introduce a temporal point process modeling framework that links these temporal traces to robust, unbiased and interpretable notions of information reliability and source trustworthiness. Finally, I will elaborate on large-scale experiments on real-world data gathered from Wikipedia and Stack Overflow and show that our modeling framework accurately predicts evaluation events, provides an interpretable measure of information reliability and source trustworthiness, and yields interesting insights about real-world events.


The employee job anxiety has been a concept which has been gain more attention in the present world specially in relation with the changes of environment and economy. Available literature has been provided evidence to prove the fact that supervisors can be anxiety provoking factor within organization and emotional intelligence and personality can shaped the behavior of supervisors. However, despite the available evidence there were no reviews to be found in relation to this area. Hence, this review aims to highlight the gap in the existing empirical studies and to provide suggestions for future research. This study has conducted the review by searching papers through Google Scholar and Emerald Insight which have been published in 1990-2022. As with the findings of selected articles the gap in the existing studies have been able to be highlighted and there were many empirical studies were available in relation to job anxiety. Accordingly, suggestions for future studies have been given based on the findings of the review.


This paper analyzes how to manage state-owned assets in water conservancy by using capital operation.First,the paper explains the meaning of capital operation.Then the paper analyzes the feasibility of using capital operation in water conservancy and shows some problems in our country.Finally,according to the character of water conservancy in our country,the paper forms the 3-level structure of capital operation in water conservancy.


In this paper, we study the secrecy communication in two-user MISO interference networks where an eavesdropper is only interested in one of the transmitters, i.e., transmitter 1. We propose a generalized beamforming design to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of transmitter 1 while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of the other destination. The non-convex problem can be transformed into a two-stage problem. The inner stage is a semidefinite program (SDP) problem based on the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and the outer stage is a one dimensional line search problem. It is also shown in the proof that the SDR is always tight and yields a rank-one solution. Furthermore, we also propose a low-complexity null-space beamforming design scheme in which the beamforming vectors can be obtained by solving a second-order cone program (SOCP) problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the two proposed schemes in improving the secrecy rate performance.


The article considers problems of innovation development in regions, which, as a rule, is provided with innovation activity of companies located in a specific territory. Innovation development of regions should be considered from the point of view of the level of innovation development of relevant branches of industry. The article considers Ukrainian regions and 23 indicators of innovation activity. Application of multidimensional scaling allowed placing regions and indicators in the three-dimensional environment for adequate reproduction of observed distances between them. Selection of a method and system of indicators is justified by optimal nature of the criteria that characterise regional differentiation of the level of development of regions.


In this paper a new heuristic algorithm is presented by setting the minimal weighted flowtime as the goal of flowshop scheduling. The new algorithm is developed by the introduction of lower bounds on completion times of jobs and the development of heuristic preference relation for the scheduling problem is under study. Incorporated with some new consideration to enhance the performance of the former literature's algorithm, the new algorithm is tested by many sets of data and the statistical outcome shows that the new algorithm is superior to that of the literature. It is observed that generally the new algorithm gives a superior solution and about 2.71% improvement in both makespan and weighted flowtime.


Sparse decomposition by overcomplete dictionary combined by orthogonal bases means that a signal is sparsely decomposed by overcomplete dictionary combined by orthogonal bases.For the extremely high complexity of usual algorithms for sparse decomposition,a quick MP algorithm is proposed.The algorithm adopts the idea that inner product operation is transformed to algebra operation by the properties of orthogonal base.Simulation results of the leleccum signal decomposed by overcomplete dictionary combined by Dirac base and DCT base show that the calculating speed of the algorithm in this paper increases by about ten times compared with MP's.


Accident scenarios involving explosives workers handling cased charges can result in low-velocity impact insults. A series of experiments was performed with 1mm thick metal plates encasing 25.4mm x...


The set of laws governing education and child welfare are complex and often conflicting. This Article presents a path that advocates, states, and the federal legislators can pursue to shape education law and policy to better serve the hundreds of thousands of youth who are in foster care at any given time. Social science literature chronicles three major obstacles to foster youth's educational progress: First, foster youth experience high mobility rates and often lose class time and credits as they are shuffled from home to home and school to school. Second, foster youth suffer when the education and child welfare systems fail to effectively collaborate. Finally, since foster youth generally have no active parental figure in their lives, they are often impaired by a lack of educational advocacy. While recent scholarship and policy revisions have addressed the issue of mobility, the second and third deficiencies remain largely untouched by legal scholars and policymakers alike. Moreover, these problems are becoming increasingly severe. Laws like the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) have made education and child welfare agencies increasingly anxious about sharing information and collaborating. Education reform efforts have also focused increasingly – almost obsessively – on parental choice as a solution to the educational woes in low-income areas. This approach puts foster youth who have no advocates or parents to 'choose' educational options for them at a distinct disadvantage. This Article examines several innovative legal initiatives designed to address these issues and argues that Congress needs to both eliminate the barriers these programs face and encourage the proliferation of similar reform initiatives. Finally, the Article proposes a course of action for lawyers, courts, and agencies to take as Congress considers how to best approach law and policy changes.


The internal disorder of a D-dimensional hydrogenic system, which is strongly associated to the non-uniformity of the quantum-mechanical density of its physical states, is investigated by means of the shape complexity in the two reciprocal spaces. This quantity, which is the product of the disequilibrium and the Shannon entropic power, is mathematically expressed for both ground and excited stationary states in terms of certain entropic functionals of Laguerre and Gegenbauer (or ultraspherical) polynomials. Emphasis is made in the ground and circular states.


Abstract : The equations are developed for the case of a reverse yielded thick- walled cylinder. It is assumed that a cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure which causes plastic flow throughout the wall; the size of the cylinder is such that the residual stresses developed during pressure release cause the cylinder to reyield in compression. The stress equations for the subsequent reapplication of pressure to the reyielded cylinder are also developed.


The National Institute of Nursing Research's (NINR) Research Centers program is an extramural funding approach to increase research capability in nursing science by supporting skilled new investigators and promoting collaboration between groups and across institutions, through shared resources and expertise. The Committee for the Assessment of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Centers of Excellence Programs (Manning, McGeary, & Estabrook, 2004, p. 1) confirmed the value of Centers in "supporting research that benefits from a multidisciplinary, team-based approach, especially research aimed at understanding complex biomedical systems, and for translating basic scientific discoveries into useful clinical application." In its over-20-year history, the Centers program has contributed significantly to the advancement of NINR's goals to build research infrastructure, expand research capacity, and increase training opportunities (Grady, 2009). In this article, we draw from the insights of directors of 25 Centers on their challenges and successes, and we share their recommendations to enable current and future Centers to enhance science to support the health of individuals, families, and communities.


Job fortunes of bachelor's and master's degree recipients in chemistry, and particularly of bachelor-level chemical engineers, appear to have improved compared with the class of 1994. But jobs are still scarce for many new Ph.D.s in the chemical sciences. The National Association of Colleges & Employers (NACE) 1995 salary survey, to be released next month, will show a marked improvement in starting salaries for bachelor-level chemical engineers. According to Dawn Oberman, director of employment information for NACE, the average starting salary for chemical engineers is up 2.7% from last year to $40,268, a sign of higher demand. Last year, starting salaries for chemical engineers declined slightly from 1993. Bethlehem, Pa.-based NACE—formerly known as the College Placement Council—collects information on job offers from 365 colleges and universities. Of about 12,000 offers to bachelor-level graduates in all disciplines, 680 went to chemical engineers. NACE data for chemistry students is incomplete and will...


Global Navigation Satellite Systems' signals reflectometry, originally envisioned for ocean altimetry, has become a promising remote sensing technique. Among other applications, it has been proposed for ocean scatterometry for sea state determination. Most of the proposed scatterometry techniques have as a product an average sea state descriptor over the whole observed ocean region. However, a Delay-Doppler Map (DDM) measurement is actually collecting the scattered power in different points of the observed surface so it has been recently proposed to invert the DDM measurements in order to obtain the scattering coefficient (σ0) distribution over the observed surface. In this paper, this technique is applied to the numerical simulation of oil slicks detection.


By exposing samples to various irradiance levels from a calibrated thermal radiation source, the ignition responses of blackened alpha-cellulose and cotton cloth with and without fire-retardant additives were compared. Samples treated with retardant compounds which showed the most promise were then isothermally pyrolyzed in air for comparisons between the pyrolysis rates. Alpha-cellulose samples containing a mixture of boric acid, borax, and ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate could not be ignited by irradiances up to 4.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s-1 (16.7 W/cm/sup 2/). At higher irradiances the specimens ignited, but flaming lasted only until the flammable gases were depleted. Cotton cloth containing a polymeric retardant with the designation THPC + MM was found to be ignition-resistant to all irradiances below 7.0 cal cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ (29.3 W/cm/sup 2/). Comparison of the pyrolysis rates of the retardant-treated alpha-cellulose and the retardant-treated cotton showed that the retardant mechanism is qualitatively the same. Similar ignition-response measurements were also made with specimens exposed to ionizing radiation. It was observed that gamma radiation results in ignition retardance of cellulose, while irradiation by neutrons does not.


COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF INDOMETHACIN (INDO) AND IBUPROFEN (IBU) ON CEREBRAL PERFUSION AND OXYGENATION IN PRETERM INFANTS. † 1371


Mixed oxide-covered mesh electrodes containing Sn, Ru, and Ir with a nominal composition of Sn0.5IrxRu(0.5x)O2 were prepared by thermal decomposition. The oxide films were supported on stainless-steel fine meshes to generate fluid-permeable electrodes for use in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactors. The surface properties, compositions, and structural properties of the mixed oxides were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The SEM study showed that the mixed oxide coatings had a rough superficial morphology with several cracks and/or fissures. The EDS data revealed a small discrepancy between the nominal and true concentrations of different elements in the ternary mixture, which was attributed to the stock solutions containing precursor salts. From the XRD spectra, it was evident that the mixed oxide thin films display good crystallinity and resulted in formation of a solid solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acidic solution revealed reversible pseudocapacitive voltammetric behaviour of solid-state surface redox transitions (Ru III /Ru IV and Ir III /Ir IV ). In situ surface characterisation of the mixed oxide thin films based on CV and consideration of the intensive dimensionless parameters electrochemical porosity () and morphology factor () demonstrated that substituting Ru with Ir in the ternary mixture caused variations in the surface morphology of the electrodes. A linear correlation was verified between the parameters  and .


Objective To investigate the expression of CD14+CD16+monocytes in peripheral blood of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods The expression of CD14+CD16+monocytes in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry in 50 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(group A)and 30 healthy controls(group C).Serum level of IL-6in two groups was detected by ELISA.Results There were significant differences in blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,glomerular filtration rate,hemoglobin and triglyceride between two groups(P0.05).The expression of CD14+CD16+monocytes in group A was higher than that in group B[(8.86±0.81)%vs.(2.84±1.81)%](P0.01).The expression of CD14+CD16+monocytes in group A was positively correlated to that of IL-6and triglyceride(r=0.83 and 0.45,P0.01).Conclusion CD14+CD16+monocytes are involved in immunoinflammatory responses in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis,which may be related to the STAT pathway mediated by IL-6.


This article examines the development of regulation in the European Union (EU) of sex equality in social protection. It applies research methodologies suggested by 'new institutionalist' and 'historical institutionalist' perspectives on European integration. It does not aim to replace existing accounts, but simply to add an additional perspective to the analysis. The article suggests that new insights can be gained by observing the impact of the question of 'division of competence' on the issue of regulation of sex equality in social protection by the EU. The focus on division of competence illuminates relationships between institutions involved in the process of policy formation and implementation, especially the European Commission and the European Court of Justice. It may also illuminate policy outcomes and the directions in which the EU's sex equality law (and possibly social law more generally) has developed and may develop in the future.


Approved: Paul ft. Komar Field observations are made of the formation of backwash ripples on the beachface, formed by undular hydraulic jumps generated by backwash down the beach face colliding with wave bores. Measured ripple wavelengths range from set averages of 48 to 70 cm. Within a particular set of ripples there is a tendency for the spacing to decrease in the offshore direction. These field observations are compared with laboratory experiments where undular jumps are generated in a flume, and with a computer simulation model which models both the flow within an undular hydraulic jump and the resulting sediment transport which gives rise to the backwash ripples. The computer model involves a numerical solution of the Boussinesq equations which govern the fluid flow, and sediment transport equations which relate the sand transport rate to the local mean flow velocity. The computer model permits a study of the detailed time-history of the undular jump development and the formation of the backwash ripples. This model shows good agreement with the field observations of backwash ripples, predicting an offshore Redacted for Privacy decrease in their spacing as observed. The laboratory experiments showed a similar result so long as the Eroude number of the supercritical flow before the jump occurs is small, on the order of 1.4. Differences between the computer model and experiments were small and arose principally from the neglect of internal friction and surface tension in the model. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the simultaneous application of computer simulation models and laboratory experiments to understand complex flow and sediment transport conditions such as occur on beaches. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BENEATH AN UNDULAR HYDRAULIC JUMP


To analyze the role of wind farms in reducing the impact of a hurricane, three layouts with realistic numbers of wind turbines are proposed near the coast of New Orleans during hurricane Katrina. The configuration with a strong wake that covers the city of New Orleans is chosen and further evaluated. In the wake, the wind speed reduction ranges from 1 m/s to 6 m/s and the surge reduction is about 6% to 21% for the selected sector.


In order to complement ecological information with genetic data we isolated and characterized 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers from raccoons (Procyon lotor). Three multiplexed panels comprising the loci were developed and 29 individuals from a contiguous habitat patch in northern Indiana, USA were genotyped. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 18, and overall heterozygosities ranged from 0.31 to 1.00. One locus was identified as possibly being X-linked, since males appeared to be hemizygous. Data generated using these markers will be used to further our understanding of small-scale raccoon population dynamics in a highly fragmented landscape.


Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a novel functional material, which has found increasing applications in different engineering aspects. This research presents a finite element analysis of the potential benefits of SMA dowel bars on the jointed concrete pavements (JCP). With a 3-dimonsional (3D) Finite element modelling (FEM) and application of the damaged plasticity model, the tensile damage around the three types of SMA dowels are calculated, and the results are compared to conventional steel dowel bars in the JCP. It was found that SMA dowels considerably reduce the damages around the dowels through the concrete slabs. The load transfer efficiency (LTE) of the pavement equipped with these smart dowels are also have been discussed. To gain further understanding of the pavement behavior, a dynamic load was repeated a thousand times on the model. The damage and the LTE under repetitive loads have been investigated, and it is concluded that SMA dowels can maintain their load efficiency even under highly repeated loads, while causing less tensile damages to the pavement.


One need to choose the right method to d etermine concentration of total dissolved protein in any particular
condition or application. Here we report the analysis and co mparison between several methods used in
determination of dissolved protein, i.e. 280 nm direct absorbance method, Biuret Assay, Lowry Assay, Bradford
Assay and also BCA Assay. The effect of contaminants present in the sample, such as ammonium sulphate and
sodium dodecilsulphate, to the protein determinat ion was also studied. Each particular method showed its own
cha racteristics regarding sensitivity and susceptibility to the presence of certain contaminant. For general
application, Bradford A%ay migh t obviously be the first choice of method, due to the procedure's simplicity. So
far, Bradford Assay has been also proven to be a fast, sensitive, select ive and stable method in the presence of
ammonium sulphate and SDS in the sample. The best linearity was also found in the Brdaford Assay.


'Fuji' apples were treated with 42 mmol·m-3 of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 h at 20°C then stored at 0, 10 or 20 oC for 70 days. MCP treatment reduced respiration on fruit held at 10 and 20 oC and inhibited ethylene production regardless of storage temperature. Treated fruits held at 20oC presented respiration rate similar to those of untreated fruits held at 10oC. For fruit held at 10 or 20oC, MCP treatment inhibited softening, loss of acidity and color changes on fruit surface. However, there was no considerable benefit of 1-MCP treatment on maintenance of fruit quality during short-term (70 days) and storage at 0oC. Results indicated that 1-MCP is an effective mean to delay ripening and to retain fruit quality during transport and retailing at high temperature conditions (10 or 20oC). Fruit stored at 20oC longer than 40 days may exhibit high incidence of shrivel and decay, regardless of 1-MCP treatment.