ABSTRACT Paclobutrazol (PP333) can enhance the resistance capabilities of plants to stress conditions. In this study, PP333 were sprayed on the lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) accumulator plant Pseudostellaria maximowicziana, which was planted in Pb–Zn contaminated soil, and the effects of PP333 on Pb and Zn accumulation levels in P. maximowicziana were studied. Spraying 10 mg/L PP333 increased, while 20, 30 and 50 mg/L PP333 decreased, the biomass of P. maximowicziana compared with the control. The 10 mg/L PP333 had no significant effects on the photosynthetic pigment contents of P. maximowicziana compared with the control, while the other doses increased the contents. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) and the Pb and Zn concentrations in P. maximowicziana were increased by PP333 compared with the control. These items had the increase trend with the increase of PP333 concentrations. Only 10 and 20 mg/L PP333 increased the amount of Pb extracted by P. maximowicziana shoots, while all of the doses increased the amount of Zn extracted by P. maximowicziana shoots. Thus, low concentration of PP333 could promote the growth and heavy metal extraction ability of P. maximowicziana shoots, with the 10 mg/L being the best.


A ripple-based constant on-time (RBCOT) buck converter with a virtual inductor current ripple (VICR) control can relax the stability constraint of large equivalent series resistance (ESR) at an output capacitor, but output regulation accuracy deteriorates due to the issue with output DC offset. Thus, this paper proposes a wave tracking reference (WTR) control to improve converter stability with low ESR and concurrently eliminate output DC offset on the regulated output voltage. Moreover, an adaptive on-time (AOT) circuit is presented to suppress the switching frequency variation with load current changes in continuous conduction mode. A prototype chip was fabricated in 0.35 µm CMOS technology for validation. The measurement results demonstrate that the maximum output DC offset is 4.1 mV and the output voltage ripple is as small as 3 mV. Furthermore, the switching frequency variation with the AOT circuit is 11 kHz when load current changes from 50 mA to 500 mA, and the measured maximum efficiency is 90.9% for the maximum output power of 900 mW.


Trends in the environmental impact of military aviation between 1960 and 2000 are articulated. The focus is on community noise, local air quality, and global climate impacts and the discussion is restricted to fixed-wing aircraft. Comparisons are made to trends within the commercial air transport industry. The unique features of military aircraft technology and operations responsible for the differences in environmental impacts are described. The discussion also considers the effects of environmental restrictions on the deployment and combat readiness of military aviation services. Regulations designed to mitigate environmental impacts from military and civil aviation are also reviewed


A Monte Carlo method for the collisional guiding-center Fokker-Planck kinetic equation is derived in the five-dimensional guiding-center phase space, where the effects of magnetic drifts due to the background magnetic field nonuniformity are included. It is shown that, in the limit of a homogeneous magnetic field, our guiding-center Monte Carlo collision operator reduces to the guiding-center Monte Carlo Coulomb operator previously derived by Xu and Rosenbluth [Phys. Fluids B 3, 627 (1991)]. Applications of the present work will focus on the collisional transport of energetic ions in complex nonuniform magnetized plasmas in the large mean-free-path (collisionless) limit, where magnetic drifts must be retained.


Let (X,Y) be a twodimensional random vector and let be a random sample drawn from its distribution. In this paper we consider the kernel estimate r n (t) of the regression function r(t = E(Y ‖ X = t)that is defined by where k is a weight function satisfin certain roerties and {a n } is a seouence of positive numbers tending to zero n → ∞. With the help of the in variance principle for the empirical process and some consistency statements a limit theorem for the maximum of the normalized deviation of the estimate from the regression function itself is proved.


Law No. 19.758 incorporated into Article 46 (1) of theOrderly Text of Accounting and Financial Management a subsectionwhich creates an exception in favour of the State Health ServicesAdministration, which allows its officials to contract with the Stateunder certain assumptions.This exception raises some questions about conflicts of interest in thefield of public procurement and its limitations, what should be envisagedand harmonized with Article 27 of the Civil Service Ethics Code, recently approved by Law No. 19.832 which leads us to conclude that based on theprinciples of hierarchy, specialty and temporality of legal norms, a tacitand partial repeal of article 46 of the Orderly Text has operated.


ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of the municipal urban agriculture (UA) policy implementation at the local level, based on a comparison of three regions of the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil—namely extreme south, east, and north. Our findings show that although UA policymaking of the past has led to successful improvements at the municipal level, implementation is carried out timidly. They also show that policy implementation is still more remarkable in the southern region, less so in the eastern region, and almost nonexistent in the northern region. Our analysis suggests that three factors explain local differences in policy implementation: (1) access to land, (2) farmers' organisations, and (3) the actions of nongovernmental organisations. We conclude that these aspects are producing a vicious cycle of differences between the three regions. Regions that have greater access to land also have greater potential for food production and more support to assist farmers' production and organisation. As a result of these conditions, they are benefited with more policy implementation that reinforces the conditions for accessing food markets and public interest in reinvesting in them, reproducing inequalities related to policy implementation between the regions.


In recent years in Venezuela, there has been a crisis on demand, production and marketing of cement, primary building material. In this work the chemical and physical mechanical characterization made a Top Trademark blended cements in the country, characterizing them according to: chemical composition, Blaine fineness, setting time and compressive strength. The results show that these cements do not meet the minimum requirements established in the Venezuelan standard for use in the manufacture of structural concrete.


Rapidly rotating nuclei provide us good testing grounds to study the pairing correlations; in fact, the transition from the superfluid to the normal phase is realized at high-spin states. The role played by the pairing correlations is quite different in these two phases: The static (BCS like mean-field) contribution is dominant in the superfluid phase, while the dynamic fluctuations beyond the mean-field approximation are important in the normal phase. The influence of the pairing fluctuations on the high-spin rotational spectra and moments of inertia is discussed.


The paper presents a complex methodology for statistical and reliability analyses of concrete structures. It describes the virtual simulation concept and tools used on the way from assessment of experimental results to reliability analysis. The methodology is represented by consequent steps starting by material parameters identification based on artificial neural networks and finite element modelling. The aim is finally to perform advanced reliability assessment using appropriate stochastic finite element model. Software tools are briefly described. Selected examples of application illustrate the applicability of the approach.


BACKGROUND: This study evaluated a polymeric ion exchanger impregnated with nanoparticles of hydrated ferric oxide as a selective sorbent for anionic P(V) species. The hybrid impregnated anion exchanger (HAIX) employed as sorbent combines the durability and mechanical strength of a polymeric weak base anion exchange resin with the high sorption affinity of hydrated ferric oxide towards P(V) species.; RESULTS: The P(V) loading capacity of the sorbent at a pH simulating the expected conditions in treated wastewaters was 92+/-3mg P-PO4 g(-1) in single component solutions. The sorption of P(V) is affected slightly by the common ions typically present in these effluents such as Cl-, SO42- and NO3-, and a reduction of only 5% was observed (89+/-2 mg P-PO4 g(-1)) in multicomponent solutions. The sorbent can be regenerated (95+/-3%) using 4% (w/w) sodium hydroxide solution.; CONCLUSIONS: HAIX displays high selectivity for phosphate and small affinity for SO42-, NO3- and Cl- ions, which provides excellent conditions for its application at pH values typical of secondary wastewater effluents. HAIX exhibits higher and competitive phosphate removal capacity compared with data reported in the literature for materials based on HFO and for adsorbents prepared by impregnation of HFO onto polymeric supports. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry


Egypt's milk sector is still largely traditional with a majority of the population consuming unpasteurized milk. This traditional sector represented nearly 80% of Egyptian milk consumers in 2011. The DAIRY project entitled "Understanding the traditional Milk Supply chain functioning in El Cairo City, Egypt" aimed at understanding the functioning of these small dairy units and milk intermediaries and the key-factors of their viability. The approach was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (narrative approach, interviews, surveys, factorial analyses, cartography of value chain, literature) at the farm and value chain levels. This Atlas highlights a great potential for the milk sector in Egypt in link with the traditional mixed crop-livestock systems in rural areas, the long tradition and culture of milk processing and cheese consumption, and the high and increasing demand due to demographic growth and urbanization. However, the dairy sector copes with important challenges: the increasing consumption of industrial products, sanitary control, farm viability in link with feed price, etc., that require specific support. (Resume d'auteur)


visual education in the primary school What to say and what to do when mostly your friends love reading? Are you the one that don't have such hobby? So, it's important for you to start having that hobby. You know, reading is not the force. We're sure that reading will lead you to join in better concept of life. Reading will be a positive activity to do every time. And do you know our friends become fans of visual education in the primary school as the best book to read? Yeah, it's neither an obligation nor order. It is the referred book that will not make you feel disappointed.


The scientific evaluation on heat insulation and preservation of rammed earth construction can provide an effective proof for its superiority in preserving the thermal environment of the construction.By taking eco-hotels in Zhejiang Anji County as research objects,33 test points have been set.The indoor and outdoor air temperature of eco-hotels and the surface temperature of building envelopes had been recorded by using data logger,temperature transmitter and other equipments from January 27 to February 2 in 2007.Then,the data of a period had been selected for comparison and analysis and the results had been obtained as follows.In January when the temperature difference between day and night in Anji was not large,if without particular thermal insulation measures and equipments,the indoor temperature of eco-hotels fluctuated very little,showing that rammed earth construction had obvious capacity for heat preservation and insulation,that its heat stability was evident and that it could ensure excellent indoor thermal environment.


In this paper we examine the possibility of improving the OFDM modulated HomePlug networks using Turbo TCM with 64QAM constellation for higher data rate transmission. We simplify the standard Turbo TCM into a punctured parity-concatenated trellis code in which a TCM code is used as the inner code and a simple parity-check code is used as the outer code. The study shows that the system can offer much higher spectral efficiency, for example, 39 Mbps, which is 3 times higher than the current HomePlug1.0 system. We show several essential requirements to achieve high rate such as frequency and time diversifications, multi-level error protection.


Three-dimensional (3D) battery architectures are attracting a great deal of interest in recent years. Particularly appealing is the concept of nanoscale 3D battery architectures where electrode materials with nanoscale characteristic lengths are configured in 3D complex geometries to result in a 3D battery cell. This would result in short transport length both in the electrodes and in the electrolyte, and lead to increased rate capability and energy per unit area. At the same time, going nanoscale could have dramatic effects on fundamental material properties. In our study, we have found that besides rendering faster kinetics and enabling better utilization of the active material for electrode reactions, nanostructured materials often display unique structural characteristics that may alleviate various problems associated with lithium intercalation into conventional microcrystalline compounds. They may even exhibit reaction behavior and properties qualitatively different from those of conventional materials.


Like many a composition instructor, I have often designed writing assignments that attempt to get students forging genuine connections between the personal and the political. Yet these assignments have not always been met with overwhelming enthusiasm from my classes, to put it politely. One possible cause for this type of response may be related to the word politics, as it seems invariably to elicit a mixture of apathy and confusion from students. So over the past several years, I have been experimenting with an assignment that by passes overt references to politics and instead cuts straight to the conflicts surrounding students' lives—that is, the tensions bubbling up on college campuses. In this article, I reflect further on the origins of this assignment and give an overview of the engaging topics students choose to explore.


Traditionally, the materials which are regarded as antigens recognized by γδ T lymphocytes are protein and carbohydrate, not nucleic acid or lipid. Recently, it has been demonstrated that γδ T cells can recognize lipid A and directly induce immune responses that involve CD1 (cluster of differentiation type 1) family and Toll like receptors (TLRs). This is a review about the interacting-mechanism, immunological effect and clinical application of them.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.


In order to improve the energy efficiency of the optical wireless communications, a joint power allocation and relay selection scheme is proposed for a relay assisted non-line-of-sight optical wireless communication system employing coherent detection with a dual optical channel multiplexing technique. The proposed joint power allocation and relay selection scheme aims to improve energy efficiency of the optical wireless communication system by minimizing the total average transmit power, and provides the delay aware quality-of-service guarantee through maintaining a minimum required effective capacity over the atmospheric turbulence fading channels. The joint power allocation and relay selection problem is formulated as a non-convex and combinatorial optimization problem, and the solution of this optimization problem is obtained using a time-sharing relaxation technique. Subsequently, a fast-convergent algorithm is proposed for the joint power allocation and relay selection by considering the delay aware quality-of-service requirements of the services transmitted over the optical wireless communication channels. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed joint power allocation and relay selection scheme in terms of the energy saving for different statistical delay constraints.


Metamorphic testing (MT) is an innovative approach to alleviating the oracle problem in software testing, which uses metamorphic relations of the program under test, instead of the test oracles, to verify its outputs. To alleviate the oracle problem of testing web services, we had previously proposed an MT framework for web services. In this paper, we further improve the efficiency and automation of this framework by leveraging metamorphic relations to iteratively generate test cases. We present a fixed-size iterative MT algorithm and implement it in the MT framework. We conduct three case studies to evaluate the fault detection effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Experimental results suggest that, compared with the conventional MT, iterative MT can achieve a comparable fault detection effectiveness, but with significantly fewer resources. Observations and limitations are summarised to provide new insights into the application of iterative MT.


Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a hereditary disease characterized by skin, ocular, and cardiovascular lesions. The main ocular feature of PXE is the presence of angioid streaks in the retina. Methods: We report the case of a patient with PXE. The diagnosis of PXE was made by the presence of cutaneous lesions typically. Results: For our patient, the ophthalmological manifestations of PXE were the angioid streaks and "peau d'orange" without choroidal neovascularization. The particularity of our case was the onset of Granulomatous anterior uveitis. Conclusions: Is this an unusual manifestation of PXE or just a coincidence? Only a systematic and regular ophthalmological examination of new PXE cases can answer this question.


This is a fascinating, mammoth "pedagogical history of mathematical physics" (p. 1) that chronicles teaching and research in electromagnetism in Cambridge for over half-a-century between about 1850 and 1930, during which it provided a home for leading physicists from James Clerk Maxwell to Paul Dirac. Its concern however is not individual education but the public. The book will appeal most to avid readers of the history of education or of Victorian England or who—like me—adore many of the people listed here in the huge index (that is far from complete). The chief asset of this book renders it a lasting contribution to the study of the history of physics. It illuminates a unique chapter in a silent revolution. This was the arrival of field theory (in the form of Maxwell's equations), the quasi-official endorsement of the theory, its becoming the received view. It was the change from Newtonian space (as the stage on which material particles interact) to Faraday's space (as a field of forces). The transition involved familiar items: the embedding of fields in Newton's space by filling it with ether, Maxwell models of the ether, the failure of Michelson and Morley to find traces of it, and finally Einstein's replacement of Newton's mechanics. One item was missing from this story, and it was the dissemination of Maxwell's equations. Warwick's book is a detailed description of it: for decades Maxwell's great Treatise on Electricity served very successfully as the major textbook in Cambridge scientific training. There is more to it. In particular, Faraday's books for adolescents had contributed significantly, as did the German translation of Maxwell's Treatise, put to use in Göttingen and elsewhere. Warwick ignores the first item but he notices the second (p. 253n). This does not detract from the significance of his story, however, since Göttingen tried to emulate Cambridge with little success (p. 263). This story is the core of the book. The book belongs to a pioneering trend of social history of science. Its concentration on one small segment of the history of scientific training is because of the enormity of the available, untapped material. Warwick offers two complementary explanations for his choice. First, he chose a typical case (p. 504). Second, the case is special: Cambridge then was the cradle of a new field of knowledge, namely, mathematical physics. This is a tolerable exaggeration. He considers the trappings Philosophy of the Social Sciences Volume 38 Number 1 March 2008 150-161 © 2008 Sage Publications http://pos.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com


Tolerance is an attitude towards openness by recognizing the existence of all kinds of differences, both in terms of ethnicity, skin color, language, customs, culture and religion. For humans, following God's instructions is the right decision to deal with differences. Because God always reminds us of the diversity of people, be it religion, ethnicity, skin color, customs and so on. This study aims to describe the cultivation of tolerance by responding to differences in worship practices in students of class XII IPS 2 to MAS Tazakka Musi Rawas Utara. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The determination of research subjects was carried out purposively. The research subjects were school principals, teachers, and fifth grade students. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity testing techniques are source triangulation, technical triangulation, and cross check. The results of the study show that inculcating tolerance at MAS Tazakka Musi Rawas Utara provides a strong belief in students at school by prioritizing tolerance, so students can interpret ethical learning materials, giving students high habits in doing good deeds, tolerance, in everyday life, by carrying out programs to monitor extracurricular activities, namely the existence of muhadaroh, prayers, tambourines, and scouting activities.


This paper demonstrates a new application of cluster analysis to segment business school students according to their degree of satisfaction with various aspects of the academic program. The resulting clusters provide additional insight into drivers of student satisfaction that are not evident from analysis of the responses of the student body as a whole. The results show how predictors of satisfaction cited in prior studies, such as quality of advising and degree of social integration, are important to some students but less important to others.


This paper argues that all subject noun phrases can be given a quantified formalisation in terms of the intersection between their denotation set and the denotation set of their verbal predicate. The majority of subject noun phrases, however, are only implicitely quantified and the task of retrieving the most plausible quantifier for a given NP is non-trivial. We propose a formalisation which captures the underspecification of the quantifier in subject NPs and we show that this formalisation is widely applicable, including in statements involving kinds. We then present a baseline for a quantification resolution system using syntactic features as basis for classification. Although the syntactic baseline provides a respectable 78% precision, our error analysis shows that obtaining true performance on the task requires information beyond syntax.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) enables users to offload computing tasks to edge servers for provisioning low-latency and computation-intensive services. To manage heterogeneous resources and improve service flexibility, MEC is entailed by new technologies, i.e., software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), which allow services running on common commodity hardware instead of proprietary hardware. However, data processing via software on commodity servers may induce high latency due to limited processing capacity, which impedes the quality of service. Meanwhile, MEC is a resource-sharing system and thus fairness should be considered. In this paper, we propose a network function parallelism (NFP)-enabled MEC (NFPMec) framework for supporting low-latency services. To reap the potential benefits of the NFPMec, we formulate the fairness-aware throughput maximization problem (FTMP) with aim of maximizing the fairness-aware system throughput while satisfying the QoS requirements. We propose a relaxation-based generalized benders algorithm (RGBA) to decouple the FTMP into two sub-problems based on the non-linear convex duality theory. After relaxation, the sub-problems are solved by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) approach. The convergence of the RGBA is theoretically proved. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NFPMec outperforms SDN-enabled MEC networks in terms of resource utilization, service latency and system throughput.


Abstract Background The provision of eHealth has increased in the COVID-19 era with the aim of improving access to care without the risk of infection. Perceiving eHealth beneficial may affect the use. This study examined which patient-related factors are associated with the perception that eHealth facilitates access to care. Methods A nationwide survey was sent to 61,600 Finnish residents during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2020-February 2021). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether the service needs (self-rated health, met service needs, challenges accessing traditional care) and eHealth experience (e-visits, need for guidance, data security concerns) were associated with perceiving that eHealth facilitates access to care. The model was adjusted for age, gender and education. Results The study included 21,409 respondents who had used healthcare services in the past 12 months (55.0% female, mean age 52.88, SE .18). The majority (63.8%) agreed with the benefit that eHealth facilitates access to care. Patients in good health (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13-1.37), whose service needs were met (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.52) and who had no challenges in accessing traditional care (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.36) had greater odds of perceiving the benefit compared to their counterparts. Patients with experience of e-visits (OR 2.60, 95% CI 2.28-2.96) and without need for guidance (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.52-1.91) had greater odds of perceiving the benefit compared to their counterparts. Conclusions Patients in good health, with met service needs and with easy access to traditional care appear to perceive eHealth more beneficial than their counterparts, which might exacerbate the already existing inequalities in healthcare access and health outcomes. Promotion of eHealth skills might increase equitable opportunities to benefit from eHealth for those patients whose service needs could be met without traditional face-to-face encounter. Key messages • Patients in good health, with met service needs and without difficulties accessing traditional healthcare appear to find eHealth more beneficial than their underprivileged counterparts. • Promotion of eHealth skills might increase equitable opportunities to benefit from eHealth for those patients whose service needs could be met without traditional face-to-face encounter.


The recent advancement in detector technology contributed towards the development of photon counting detectors with the ability to discriminate photons according to their energy on reaching the detector. This provides spectral information about the acquired object; thus, giving additional data on the type of material as well as its density. In this paper, we investigate possible reduction of dental artifacts in cone-beam CT (CBCT) via integration of spectral information into a penalized maximum log-likelihood algorithm. For this investigation we simulated (with Monte-Carlo CT simulator) a virtual jaw phantom, which replicates components of a real jaw such as soft-tissue, bone, teeth and gold crowns. A maximum-likelihood basis-component decomposition technique was used to calculate sinograms of the individual materials. The decomposition revealed the spatial as well as material density of the dental implant. This information was passed on as prior information into the penalized maximum log-likelihood algorithm. The resulting reconstructions showed significant reduced streaking artifacts. The overall image quality is improved such that the contrast-to-noise ratio increased compared to the conventional FBP reconstruction. In this work we presented a new algorithm that makes use of spectral information to provide a prior for a penalized maximum log-likelihood algorithm.


This work proposes a double auction artificial stock market based on the Santa Fe market structure. Our market tries to shed light on some facts that usually arise in real stock markets, specially the creation of technical figures in price series. The origin of these figures is believed to be caused by the self-fulfilling prophecy effect, which will be investigated with the proposed market.


Research in Plant Physiology has grown substantially in México since 1980 in comparison with previous years. The reasons for su ch increase are dueto i) the interaction between mexican scientists and scientists from other countries in meetings carried out in Mexico, ii) the creation of a graduate programme in plant physiology, iii) the economic support of the main academic institutions to this discipline and iv) the increase in the number of scientists working in plant physiology. The research carried out in this field has been done mainly in native or introduced cultivated plants of agronomic importance. Sorne of the scientific contributions are presented.


In this paper, a bicomplex number is described in four- dimensional space and its a variety of algebraic properties is presented. In addition, Pauli-spin matrix elements corresponding to base the real matrices forms of the bicomplex numbers are obtained and its the algebraic properties are given. Like i and j in two different spaces are defined terms of Euler's formula. In the last section velocities become higher order by giving an exponential homothetic motion for the bicomplex numbers. And then, Due to the way in which the matter is presented, the paper gives some formula and facts about exponential homothetic motions which are not generally known.


Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem. Organisms are developing resistance not only to commonly used antibiotics but also to high end and less commonly used antibiotics. Aim: The present study has been designed to find out the recent trend of antibiotic resistance profile of uropathogens as urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infections among outdoor and indoor patients. This will help clinicians to select most appropriate antibiotics to treat their patients empirically. This will also help in not only preventing the development but also reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Microbiology Department, F.H. Medical College, Etmadpur, Agra, India, from March 2019 to August 2019. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients and transported within an hour and were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, organisms were identified and sensitivity test was done by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method using Mueller Hinton Agar. Results: Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family showed resistance to almost all groups of antibiotics except piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin while gram-positive organisms were found to be sensitive only to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin. Situation with nonfermenters (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.) was alarming as they were found resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, and also significant resistance with imipenem was seen. Only colistin, polymyxin B and piperacillin-tazobactam showed satisfactory results and could be considered for use in empirical treatment. Conclusion: Present study shows how serious the problem of increasing antibiotic resistance is and emphasizes the need of continuous surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogens that will help to formulate an effective antibiotic policy to guide the clinicians.


Glucocorticoids have profound effects on the skeleton due to their actions on the cells of bone and cartilage. The consequences of these effects have serious clinical implications, and glucocorticoids cause osteoporosis and impaired longitudinal growth. New knowledge about the mechanisms of glucocorticoid action on skeletal cells is welcome, so that their detrimental effects can be prevented and possibly reversed. Glucocorticoids, like other hormones, act directly on target genes and regulate them at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Alternatively, they may act by modifying the synthesis, receptor binding, or binding proteins of growth factors secreted by target cells. Some of the skeletal effects of glucocorticoids are beneficial because they may induce the differentiation of cells of the osteoblastic lineage into mature osteoblasts, an effect in part mediated by bone morphogenetic protein-6 (1). Unfortunately, most of the skeletal effects following chronic exposure to glucocorticoids result in decreased skeletal mass and short stature (2–4). Glucocorticoids decrease the replication of skeletal cells, and as such they deplete a cell population capable of synthesizing appropriate matrix proteins. In addition, they have direct effects on the skeletal matrix, down-regulating type I collagen gene expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, and up-regulating collagenase 3 expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms (2). Collagenase 3, a matrix metalloproteinase expressed by osteoblasts and chondrocytes, is capable of degrading type I and type II collagens, which are major constituents of the bone and cartilage matrix. Consequently, glucocorticoids not only decrease the synthesis of important matrix proteins but also increase the levels of proteases capable of their degradation. This would result in a decrease in a skeletal matrix necessary for appropriate growth and mineralization. Glucocorticoids not only decrease bone mass, but they also impair the longitudinal growth of children. Although much attention has been turned to the GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis, the cause of the impaired growth due to glucocorticoid excess has remained elusive. Glucocorticoids decrease IGF-I expression in liver cells, the main source of circulating IGF-I; however, the circulating levels of IGF-I are not decreased in patients receiving glucocorticoids in excess (5, 6). Similarly, there is no consistent decrease in GH levels; therefore, actions of glucocorticoids on the activity of GH or on the expression and activity of growth factors secreted by cartilage cells have been postulated. This concept is further supported by the fact that glucocorticoids have marked effects on the synthesis of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in skeletal and nonskeletal cells (2). In osteoblast cultures, glucocorticoids decrease IGF-I messenger RNA and polypeptide levels by inhibiting IGF-I transcription, and decrease the expression of IGFBP-1, 3, 4, and 5 (7, 8). E-Box binding sites in the 270 to 122 region of the IGFBP-5 gene appear responsible for the inhibitory action of glucocorticoids on IGFBP-5 transcription. This effect is of particular interest because IGFBP-5 is a binding protein with the potential to enhance the effects of IGF-I on bone cell growth. Therefore, a decrease in IGFBP-5 could result in further impairment of IGF-I actions on the skeleton. Although glucocorticoids do not have a consistent inhibitory effect on IGF-II expression, they increase IGFBP-6 transcription, and as a result IGFBP-6 polypeptide levels in osteoblasts (2). Because IGFBP-6 binds IGF-II with higher efficacy than IGF-I and prevents IGF-II biological effects, its increase by glucocorticoids may be a way of reducing the levels of free IGF-II in the local bone microenvironment, and decreasing its effects on the skeleton. In the current issue of the journal, Jux et al. (9) extend our knowledge of glucocorticoid actions on the skeleton and examine the actions of GH in chondrocytes and its interactions with locally produced IGF-I. The studies reported demonstrate that glucocorticoids decrease basal, GH-, and IGFI-induced chondrocyte cell replication. The effects of GH on chondrocyte growth are mediated by IGF-I and are prevented by IGF-I neutralizing antibodies. This observation confirms the relevance of local factors on skeletal growth. The inhibitory actions of glucocorticoids on IGF-I secretion in chondrocytes are similar to those observed in osteoblasts, indicating that they cause a generalized decrease in skeletal IGF-I expression. This effect may be, at least in part, responsible for the inhibitory actions of glucocorticoids on skeletal growth and bone formation. This concept is strengthened by the fact that IGF-I is among the most abundant growth factors present in skeletal tissue, and its effects are opposite to those of glucocorticoids on bone formation (2, 7). IGF-I has modest mitogenic activity for skeletal cells, whereas glucocorticoids are inhibitory. IGF-I increases collagen synthesis and decreases collagenase 3 expression by skeletal cells, whereas glucocorticoids decrease collagen and increase collagenase synthesis in these cells. The opposing actions of glucocorticoids and IGF-I favor the concept that their effects on IGF-I expression play a central role in the inhibition of skeletal cell function. The studies described by Jux et al. (9) also explain peripheral tissue insensitivity to GH because glucocorticoids prevented GH and IGF-I mitogenesis and induction of their Received May 6, 1998. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ernesto Canalis, M.D., Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, Connecticut 061051299. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 0013-7227/98/$03.00/0 Vol. 139, No. 7 Endocrinology Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 1998 by The Endocrine Society


This paper presents a comparison between the approaching index switching algorithm (AISA) and a fuzzy controller for attitude control in a nanosatellite in 3-axes. AISA is designed to switch between two different controls based on an index value. The first controller accelerates the system to reach the desired angle. The other controller is decelerating the system before approaching the desired angle. A reaction wheel (RW) is used to provide the torque required to rotate the satellite about its axis. The purpose of the controller is to change the rotational speed of the RW so that the satellite points in the correct direction. This comparison reveals that the AISA controller is much more efficient in maneuvering and accurate in contrast to fuzzy control. The control effort is preserved by 66% compared to the fuzzy control effort. This shows that the use of this type of intelligent control system represents a significant advantage over the conventional control systems currently used for satellite attitude control.


Sports medicine is seen as one of the fields that we, as health practitioners, work together as a team for the betterment of the athlete. I believe that we do this well. Health practitioners also need to be able to work well with another team to truly get the best for the athlete—the management team.1 The personnel in this relationship can appear to have different goals with the management/coaching staff wanting fit players 'now', and the medical staff wanting to protect the short-term and long-term health of the athlete. Add to the mix the athlete who wants to get out there and play but sometimes needs to be protected from himself or herself.

It is amazing that this can, and does, work well at times. However, for all those who have …


716 died during the interim period. Therefore, out of 24 patients who initially underwent surgery, the retrospective cohort encompassed 22 pa‐ tients, and the prospective cohort, 20 patients (all were at least 1 year after surgery at inclusion). The data included preoperative details, sur‐ gical procedure, as well as clinical and echocar‐ diographic follow ‐up. The study was approved by the local institutional ethics committee.


In this paper a numerical and experimental study of the effect of blowing/suction through a perforated surface on a turbulent boundary layer at a Mach number M=1.4 was carried out. Most of the calculations were performed by Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the kappa-ω SST turbulence model. The calculated geometry completely repeated the experimental one including the perforated surface. The numerical data were compared with experimental measurements obtained by the PIV method. Analysis of the data made it possible to find the limits of applicability of the numerical method for the flow under study. Keywords: supersonic flow, gas blowing/suction through a perforated surface, boundary layer, turbulence model kappa-ω SST, PIV method.


There has been an increasing interest in the business world in exploring the opportunities of tapping into the underserved four billion consumers living in poverty globally (also termed the Base-of-the-Pyramid segment or BoP). This article provides a review of BoP literature that supports the notion of possible social value creation in BoP ventures by businesses. The authors suggest that business schools have an ethical and societal role to incorporate more BoP related topics in their curricula while income inequality has increasingly become a major economic and social challenge globally.


We apply the coupled dynamics of time-dependent density functional theory and Maxwell equations to the interaction of intense laser pulses with crystalline silicon. As a function of electromagnetic field intensity, we see several regions in the response. At the lowest intensities, the pulse is reflected and transmitted in accord with the dielectric response, and the characteristics of the energy deposition is consistent with two-photon absorption. The absorption process begins to deviate from that at laser intensities ~ 10^13 W/cm^2, where the energy deposited is of the order of 1 eV per atom. Changes in the reflectivity are seen as a function of intensity. When it passes a threshold of about 3 \times 1012 W/cm2, there is a small decrease. At higher intensities, above 2 \times 10^13 W/cm^2, the reflectivity increases strongly. This behavior can be understood qualitatively in a model treating the excited electron-hole pairs as a plasma.


Botrytis cinerea Pers. has been grown in pure culture, and the mycelium used to alter the flavor of white wines. In the range of pH 3 to 8 the weight yield of mycelium is maximum at pH 4 to 5. Growth was observed over the range of pH 3 to 8. Myceium production is better on media containing autolyzed yeast than on simpler media. On potassium bitartrate medium, the addition of autolyzed yeast increases yield and rate of growth. Maltose is a better carbon-energy source than glucose, sucrose, or tartrate, as evidenced by weight yield of mycelium. Yields of mycelium are maximum at lower temperatures in the range of 30 to 15°C. The yield of mycelium can be predicted from the rise in the pH curve when the organism is grown on potassium bitartrate because the released potassium ion causes an increase in pH of the culture fluid. The mold produces an alcohol-precipitable polymer from several substrates including potassium bitartrate. The freshly harvested mycelium is tan in color and has a mushroom-like odor.


The potential field source surface (PFSS) model is widely used to derive the magnetic field of the solar corona. The only free parameter in the PFSS model is the radius of the so‐called source surface, where magnetic field lines are forced to open. The radius of this surface is typically set to 2.5 solar radii in research and operational PFSS numerical models. Here, using Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) synoptic maps of the photospheric field, solutions of the PFSS model for various heights of the source surface are investigated for 2006–2018. In particular, numerically derived open solar magnetic flux and coronal holes are examined. Solutions of the PFSS model based on GONG synoptic maps are particularly important since they are often used to drive operational space weather forecast models. Comparisons between observations and numerical results in this paper suggest that the radius of the source surface is significantly lower than 2.5 solar radii during the active phase of solar cycle 24. The fact that the source surface location depends on the solar activity suggests that relations which associate solar wind properties with the coronal magnetic field in the PFSS‐based solar wind modes should be revisited. Furthermore, although the correction of the polar magnetic field is part of GONG synoptic map production pipeline, the results suggest that better treatment of polar fields is needed to cover observational gaps. The issue with the polar fields in GONG maps is particularly pronounced in recent years.


A model of aquifer geometry of Ponnaiyar River basin is simulated with in agreeable degree of accuracy. The Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) together lithologs forms the data base in the determination of depth, thickness and spatial distribution of overburden, weathered rock, fractured rock and bed rock and the corresponding themes are shown as surface plot, Contours, 3D plot and cross section with the effluent use of GIS packages Arc View. There exist close correspondence between the pattern of drainage and the aquifer dimension. Along the rivers and parts of the foothills region, deep weathered and/or fracturing is noticed. Themes of topsoil, weathered rock, deep weathered rock and fractured rock are integrated digitally in order to obtain the places where thickness of all the three are more, thus suitable for artificial recharge (RWS). The results generated from this research will be of great help in various numerical solutions and GIS analysis pertaining to this basin. The technique of resistivity method proved to be successful where the data analyzed ingroup for specific area reveled satisfactory results in characterizing the aquifer geometry, although the utility of this technique for locating water well sites in hard rock areas cost doubt in certain cases.


Abstract The physical parameters of the atmosphere and its chemical composition for a post-AGB star HD 187885 are determined from high resolution spectra. The effective temperature Teff = 8000 ± 200 K and the surface gravity log g = 1.0 ± 0.3 were derived. The star was found to be metal-deficient with [Fe/H] = −0.51. The α-elements, except of Ca and Ti, and the s-process elements are overabundant. These results partly confirm and supplement the data available in the literature. The spectrum shows many circumstellar lines formed in the multiple expanding shells. Numerous diffuse interstellar bands seen in the spectra may also originate in the same shells.


Twenty-two women, found to have circulating antithyroid antibody (AAB) either before or during pregnancy, were observed during 23 pregnancies. The maternal AAB titers began to fall as early as the first trimester, tended to strike a plateau at a low level in the third trimester, and rose again during the first few months after the termination of pregnancy. These antibodies were demonstrated in the cord blood of 8 newborn infants of 9 mothers who had demonstrable circulating AAB at the time of delivery, but could not be demonstrated in the cord blood of 7 newborn infants of mothers whose AAB titers had fallen to zero by the time of delivery. AAB disappeared from the blood of all infants during the first 3 months of life. No clinical evidence of hypothyroidism was found in the living off spring at birth or at the time of follow-up examination for as long as 2 years after birth. The levels of serum protein-bound iodine at birth in 6 newborn infants with proved transplacental transfer of AAB, and later in 4 o...


Parallel manipulator is suitable for the high precise task because it than has higher stiffness, larger load capacity and more excellent precision, due to the closed-lop structure, than serial manipulator. But the controller design for parallel manipulator is difficult because the parallel manipulator has both the complexity of structure and the interference of actuators. The precision improvement of parallel manipulator using a classical linear control scheme is difficult because the parallel manipulator has the tough nonlinear characteristics. In this paper, firstly, the kinematic analysis of a parallel manipulator used at the experiments is performed so as to show the controllability. The analysis of internal singular configuration of the workspace is performed using the kinematic isotropic index so a sto show the limitation of control performance of a simple linear controller with fixed control gains. Secondly, a control scheme is designed by using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller so that active joints of the parallel manipulator track more precisely the desired input trajectory. This adaptive fuzzy logic controller so that active joints of the parallel manipulator track more precisely the desired input trajectory. This adaptive fuzzy logic controller is often used for the control of nonlinear system because it has both the inference ability and the learning ability. Lastly, the effeciency of designed control scheme is demonstrated by the real-time control experiments with IBM PC interface logic H/W and S/W of my won making. The experimental results was a success.


Thank you very much for downloading kindred nature victorian and edwardian women embrace the living world. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this kindred nature victorian and edwardian women embrace the living world, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


During the rapid development of information technology,Internet have been popularized in higher Vocational School,became an important part of vocational students' study and life.To the rapid development of higher vocational school Ideological Political Work,it brings tremendous opportunities and challenges,strongly impact on traditional ideological and political education.Do well with the job,we must actively adapt to the turn of events,strengthen,improve and innovate ideological and political work.


- -In recent years, carsharing, as an effective method which may alleviate environmental pollution, tackle rising prices of fuel and meet the demand of expense economizing, while also has been widely concerned by the whole society. Customer satisfaction can reflect the past and present operation effect of an enterprise and its future financial situation. High customer satisfaction can win customers for an enterprise and help it be in a favorable position in the competition. This paper focuses on the study of customer satisfaction of one-way carsharing system, aiming to help carsharing organizations to clarify customer expectations and needs. By using SWOT Analysis and customer journey map analysis, the current research status in this field is summarized and the customer behaviours and touchpoints are explored. Through the analysis of the salient problems, the difficulty of parking and finding an available car are identified as a major obstacle to the development of shared cars. In summary, this paper looks forward to the future development of carsharing industry and proposes three ways to help carsharing enterprises to define development direction clearly, including establishing incentive mechanism, adopting advanced technology, and developing driverless technology.


The Irish Midlands is ranked first in the world in terms of zinc metal discovered per sq. km. with over 14 Mt of contained metal found to date. The largest deposit at Navan exceeding 150 Mt of production plus remaining resources, and four other deposits having been brought into production since 1962 and a further 20 prospects discovered including the major Pallas Green deposit. The deposits such as Navan, Tynagh, Silvermines, Lisheen, Galmoy and Pallas Green and others that host this vast resource show varying host-rocks, mineral textures, thermo-chemical and isotopic signatures. However, amongst this apparent diversity lie some major similarities that form the basis of the definition of being "Irish-type" which form a specific spectrum of styles that lie between MVT-type and SedEx-types. In order to develop any robust model for ore deposit formation it is critical to establish reliable age constraints and an understanding of the depositional and structural environments for the host rocks and thus the mineralizing processes. In the Irish Midlands there is an abundance of geological and isotopic evidence that places the age of the mineralization within a short time frame related to two extensional periods around 347Ma and 345Ma in the late Courceyan to early Chadian. The host carbonate sequences that host the mineralization encompass an upward deepening transgressive sequence initially deposited in shallow basins. By using isopach plots of conodont biozones sedimentation pat-terns show that both lithological and thickness variations are strongly influenced by active basin evolution around these times. Mineralization is geologically constrained to have occurred at relatively shallow depths and is largely contemporaneous with diagenesis and dominantly occurred before locally catastrophic basin breakup (rifting) occurred setting the shape of later (post-ore) carbonate sedimentation. Although intra-cratonic basalt dominated volcanism is present in the Irish Midlands the mineralization generally pre-dates these volcanics, which appear to be coeval with the rifting in the latest Chadian to early Arundian. The critical factor in the size of the mineralized bodies appears to be the degree of "openness" of the mineralizing system. Thus, near surface exhalation and/or the unroofing by erosion of, or dissolution and collapse of hangingwall units, appears to be a critical aspect in the development of large-scale mineralizing systems. Closed "tight" deep fracture-controlled systems where lithification had advanced are not economic. In simple terms mineralization occurred at relatively shallow burial depths of between 250m and the contemporaneous seafloor and this is possibly the defining feature of the Irish-type deposits.


Applications of single Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) to suppress power system multi-mode oscillations is presented in the paper. Based on independent active power and reactive power control loops and damping torque analysis, the feasibility of damping power system multi-mode oscillations using single FESS is studied. Based on modal analysis, the effective control loops are determined to install auxiliary damping controllers in FESS and the effective feedback signals to select to suppress each oscillation mode. And the eigenvalue analysis and non-linear simulation results show that single FESS has ability of damping power system multi-mode oscillations by an example of four-machine power system with FESS-based stabilizers.


Objective To study the clinical effect of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy(MECT) on memory of patients with depression.Methods 49 patients were selected as the study group.They received MECT three times per week,and then assessed their memory by the California Verbal Learning Test(CVLT) and the Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS) before and after 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks treatment of MECT.Results Both of the scores of CVLT and WMS before the treatment were statistically different from that after the treatment,and most of the items in CVLT and WMS were different from the 1st week and before;most of which were significantly enhanced than that of before;while the 2nd week period had not apparently changed than before.Conclusion The sustained utilization of MECT probably has significant effect on improving the function of memory in patients with depression,although it had negative influence on the early stage.


University extension has been expected to fill the existing gap between academia and society in order to improve the University and contribute to societal development. Different types of interventions have been sought being professional development programmes an example. However, professional development programmes intended for Pre-K teachers have significantly been scarce in the field of in-service teacher education in Medellin, Antioquia. This paper reflects on a pedagogical experience through a professional development programme as a result of a joint effort amongst Universidad Catolica Luis Amigo, a private local enterprise and an office of local government. The Pre-K Teachers' Professional Development Programme aimed at (re) signifying teaching strategies and developing the English communicative dimension of a group of about 425 pre-k teachers and librarians from different public local schools around the city and its rural areas. Such didactic transformation and language development contributed to the English language to be introduced gradually and naturally in the Pre-K setting. The programme's inner dynamic and pedagogical interests proved not to be in alignment with the interests and expectations of the office of local government, the enterprise and the University Extension division.


O pen source has emerged recently as viable model of software development. With great success stories such as Linux, Perl, Apache, and others, the open source movement has produced truly useful software, even appearing to challenge the long established commercial giants. The development model has worked for operating systems and Web servers, but could an open source AI project be successful? Of course, many academics have always made their source code available to other researchers, but rarely has an AI project drawn a large, collective effort such as is common with open source projects. However, some open source, or free unrestricted use, AI projects have recently made the spotlight. One such project is the Festival speech synthesis system from the Centre for Speech Technology Research at the University of Edinburgh. Festival is a general, multilingual speech synthesis system supporting many API's (application programming interfaces). In addition, Festival has a complete development environment for further research into speech synthesis techniques. Festival is written in C++ and comes with a Scheme-based command interpreter (a freely available project in its own right, named SIOD) for general control. The goal of Festival is a tall order: to make " speech synthesis as natural, flexible and efficient as human speech. " They haven't quite reached that goal yet, but you can sample Festival's current state-of-the-art from the CSTR Web site (listed below). Although Festival has been developed completely at CSTR, many other groups have contributed to its success, including:-Faculte Polytechnique de Mons are working on MBROLA (as in " umbrella "), a collection of voices for Festival, including Portuguese,guages, both male and female versions are available.-IMS, University of Stuttgart, offers a text pre-processor to create German-speaking Festival.-CMU has developed the Festvox project, which offers documentation , tools, scripts, and examples of building new voices in Festival.-Oregon Graduate Institute's Center for Spoken Language Understanding offers a speech toolkit for easily building spoken language systems, including speech recognizers, and dialog builders that work with Festival. CSTR provides an excellent set of tools for getting started in text-to-speech research, but it is also a very nice system if you are only interested in adding speech to an existing project. Festival even comes with a speech server, so you need only send the text string you want spoken to a device, and it does the rest. On the other end of the speech problem lies, of course, recognition. CMU …


Thirty patients with renal allografts were monitored for 15 postoperative days by colour‐coded Doppler imaging and categorized as stable, rejection, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporine toxicity. All forms of graft dysfunction showed significantly raised resistance (P<0·01) and pulsatility (P<0·01) indices (RI and PI, respectively). It was not possible to use Doppler imaging to differentiate the cause of graft dysfunction, but stable grafts in patients with high cyclosporine levels had significantly higher RI (P<0·04) and PI (P<0·04) than similar grafts in patients with cyclosporine levels in the therapeutic range.


Learning evaluation can provide opportunities for teachers to make plans and estimations, whether the predetermined goals will be achieved according to the planned target time. If based on the data from the evaluation results it is estimated that the goal will not be achieved as planned, the teacher would try to find the factors causing the problems found, and provide solutions to the problems. The corona pandemic period really needs an online learning and evaluation process, the use of web-based applications will be able to provide assistance to teachers who can quickly assess learning evaluations on teaching materials as well as make time efficiency. The method of making an application is by Rapid Application Development (RAD) or rapid prototype; it is a model for developing a software system with a tiered pattern. The main thing used is a tool in the form of a web-based learning evaluation application resembling an application that can carry out evaluations related to a certain exam process as a trial during entry data training of all existing subjects by the teacher concerned with the authority as a teacher, scheduling and instructor arrangement by the principal, and finally student entry by the operator. Each application a different task according to its function.


Malaria is still a major contributor to high rate of the global infectious disease–related mortality and morbidity due to its marked effects and alteration on the haematological parameters of infected individuals. This study was conducted to determine the following: prevalence and intensity of malaria, the associated risk factors of in Awka metropolis from January to June 2021. A total of 1060 subjects were enrolled int the study. Prevalence of malaria parasites was determined using thick and thin films. A total 925 individuals were infected with malaria parasite giving a prevalence of 87.3%. Of the 925 individuals infected, 743(80.3%) had mild infection, 150 (16.2%) moderate infection. The study showed that more males (94.2%) were infected with the malaria parasite than females (80.6%). The highest prevalence of malaria (94.3%) occurred among those less than ten years old while the least prevalence (72.2%) was recorded among those more than sixty years old. The prevalence of malaria in relation to age was statistically significant (p<0.05). In relation to occupation, farmers recorded the highest prevalence of malaria (94.7%) while civil servants had the least prevalence (65.4%). Based on literacy level, the highest prevalence of malaria was recorded among those with primary education (96.8%) while those with tertiary education had the least prevalence (84.3%). On marital status, married ones had the highest prevalence of malaria (91.9%) while the singles had the least prevalence (80.1%). The high prevalence of malaria in Awka calls for intensive education and free supply of insecticide treated nets.


The invention discloses a biodegradation natural plant cellulose material, which belongs to a biodegradation material and is aimed to solve the problem of the prior art that biodegradation is not achieved and the environment is polluted. The biodegradation natural plant cellulose material contains master batches with the following weight percentages: 50 to 60 percent of natural plant cellulose derivatives; 20 to 30 percent of protein; 1 to 5 percent of vegetable oil; 10 to 20 percent of dextran; and accessories with the following weight percentages can be added on the basis of the master batches: 0.1 to 0.15 thousandth of LTHO auxiliaries; 10 to 20 percent of linear PE7042; 30 to 60 percent of PE; and the remainder components are the master batches. The products produced in the decomposition of the cellulose materials are soil humic acid and carbon dioxide. The thin film produced by the material of the invention is widely applicable to the technical fields of agricultural films, dailynecessities packaging, industrial packaging, etc.


Figure I. Serum creatinine andwhole blood cyclosporine levels inrelation tometronidazole andcimetidine administration incombination with cyclosporinc. invasive amebiasis. Onday46, treatmentwithmetronidazole wasresumed at a dose of 2250 mg/d, which was followed by a significant improvement in the patient'scondition. Cyclosporine monitoring was done by RIA on wholeblood. Cyclosporine troughblood levels increased from850ng/ml on day 44to 1930 ng/ml on day 57 (Figure I). The serum creatinine concentration remained in the normal range; and therefore the cyclosporine dose was not changed, although the metronidazole dosewasreduced to 1500 mg/d on day57.For thenextfewdays the patientwasfeeling well, her temperature wasnormal,and the urineoutput wasabout 2 Lid. On day62,a reduction in the urineoutput wasnotedand the serumcreatinine rose to 237.3 I"m/L.Ultrasonography and cystography confirmed thediagnosis of urinarybladderleak.Thiswastreatedbyexternaldrainageand placement of an indwelling catheter. On day62eimetidine wasdiscontinuedand thedoseof metronidazole wasreduced to 1200 mg/d. Onday64the cyclosporine trough blood level was ISOO ng/ml and hencethe cyclosporine dose was reduced to 5.7 mg/kg/d (400 mg/d), Over the next few days, the patient's renal functionstabilized with a urine output of approximately 3 L/d and serumcreatininebetween 90 and 100I"m/L. Repeated ultrasonographic and cystographic examinations didnot showrecurrence of the leak. Duringthe next month the patient's conditionimproved. Cyclosporine levels were measuredweekly and showed that immediately after stoppingtreatmentwithcimetidinebut continuing withmetronidazole 1200 mg/d, wholeblood troughlevel rangedbetween 1200 and 1380 ng/m!. After stoppingthe metronidazole treatmenton day 101, the cyclosporine troughwholebloodlevels werebetween 885 and 501 ng/m!. Routineliverfunctiontestswerewithinnormallimits. 1\vo years after transplantation, the patient is well, has normal allograft function,andtroughcyclosporine levels are in the therapeutic range. CycIosporlne Interactions with metronidazole and cimetldlne


The role of deficient calcium as a factor limiting the distribution of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Illinois was investigated by comparing the availability of calcium and its subsequent inges- tion by wild pheasants on an area (Neoga) of old glacial till originating from the Illinoian glacial age and on an area (Sibley) of more recent till originating from the Wisconsin glacial age. The amount of calcitic grit, and the amount of calcium contained in the calcitic grit, collected from roads and agri- cultural fields on both areas were similar, as were the amounts of calcium found in the soils from the two areas. The amounts of calcium found in the grit from gizzards of hens and young from both areas were very similar. The number and hatchability of eggs per incubated clutch, the production of chicks per hen, and the ash content of femora and of entire carcasses of hens during the nesting season were similar among pheasants at both Neoga and Sibley. Wild pheasants, particularly hens and young, seemingly possess the ability to select (1) calcareous grit from noncalcareous grit, (2) calcitic grit from dolomitic grit, and (3) calcitic grit with a high calcium content from that with a low calcium content; this habit of selective calcium ingestion may allow pheasants to prosper on areas where cal- careous grit is found only in relatively small quantities. The availability of calcium and its subsequent ingestion by pheasants at Neoga, an area of old glacial till, are apparently adequate for the establishment of self-maintaining pheasant populations.


Summary Three digestion trials were conducted during the summer months at three different periods of permanent pasture (oats, rye grass, clovers, and volunteer grasses) growth from May through August, 1959. A combination of internal (lignin) and external (Cr 2 O 3 ) indicators was used to determine digestibility and intake of grazed herbage as the only source of forage in the total ration of milking cows. Forage samples were collected regularly throughout the experimental period. Milk weights, pasture scores (quantity and quality), and ambient temperatures were recorded daily. Milk production adjusted for expected decline in lactation was significantly higher (P Regression analyses indicated that pasture quality score was the only significant variable in predicting milk production among the variables studied. Thus, a simple method of pasture evaluation appears to be of benefit in determining when to commence supplemental summer forage feeding to lactating cows grazing permanent pasture as the sole source of forage.


This chapter starts with the universal recognition of the concept of individual criminal responsibility in ICL as perhaps the most important result of its historic precedents of Nuremberg and Tokyo. It offers a profound analysis of the 'historic' case law on individual criminal responsibility, namely the post WW II case law (Nuremberg, Tokyo, the one by the allied powers and Germany), but also relevant case law on other (mainly) State-sponsored criminality (especially in Latin America). It then turns to the 'modern' law of individual criminal responsibility and thus analyses the law and jurisprudence of the UN Ad Hoc Tribunals, of the mixed tribunals and, with a particular emphasis, of the ICC. In terms of doctrine a special focus lies on the forms of participation which enable us to hold the masterminds of the international crimes accountable, that is, joint criminal enterprise (JCE) and indirect perpetration by way of an organization (Organisationsherrschaft). In this respect, the chapter deals with what is probably the most important field of the ongoing theoretization of International Criminal Law.


I am a civil procedure person, not an official torts person, but fairly often torts and civil procedure seem to be joined at the hip. And that seems particularly true with regard to the effects of technological change on tort litigation practice. I've been working on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for more than twenty years and find that it's usually the torts cases that are the focus of the most intense disputes regarding procedure issues. For this Symposium, I intend to focus on five topics, but the last one is mainly an advertisement for the second panel at the Symposium:

(1) E-Discovery
(2) The more general impact of technology on torts practice
(3) The growing importance of technology on manner of proof
(4) The MDL "boom"
(5) TPLF -- third party litigation funding


The degree of isolation of the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in late winter and spring is investigated quantitatively by using a three-dimensional global tracer transport model, in which the transport is computed from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyzed data. The evolution of the spatial distribution of passive tracers provides information about variations in the vortex structure, as well as about the magnitude of the transport out of the Antarctic vortex. The vortex structure revealed by tracers released inside the vortex at 72.5 hPa corresponds well with the satellite-derived distribution of total ozone. The model computations indicate that in late winter and spring of the years 1990-1993, there is a quasi-horizontal cross-vortex transport of about 0.24% per day of the total tracer amount, while per day, 0.83% of the vortex mass descends into the troposphere. This indicates that roughly 65% of the vortex air is flushed out during August-September-October, the approximate lifetime of the Antarctic vortex. This number is insensitive to changes in model resolution, although the quasi-horizontal outflow into the midlatitude stratosphere increases at the expense of the downward outflow if a coarser resolution is used. It is concluded that during late winter and early spring (i.e., the period of major ozone depletion), the vortex is a fairly well isolated air mass.


In order to explore the impacts of world championship games on the level of serum leptin and soluble leptin re- ceptor and analyze the relationship of the relationship between leptin, sOB-R and endocrine system, this study conduct a contest research with attention to the serum and feature index, in a sample of 8 female athletes, 4 male athletes during three weeks before the competition and one week after the competition. The results show that leptin were lowered in both girls and boys. SOB-R were elevated in girls but lower than the one of boys. But no significant difference appeared in mor- phologic index between two times. Testosterone, cortisol, TSH decreased in both teams but FT4 increased in boys and girls. The training that prepared for competition and the competition can reduce the level of leptin. Among female athlete, serum leptin had the minus correlation with sOB-R. Leptin may also had relation with nerve-endocrine system, and function on hypothalamus and hypothyroid. After championship, Gender difference were found in the change of sOB-R, also, the sOB-R seemed independent with leptin.The sOB-R maybe have a delayed change after leptin.


Based on the runoff data of three inland rivers from the control hydrologic stations for mountainous runoff(Zamusi,Yingluoxia,Changmapu) from 1956 to 2006,the numerical method,Mann-Kendall nonparametric test,Hurst index analysis methods were used to analyze the annual variation of runoff in recent 50 years.The results showed that there was marked runoff change in record series but in different years;Shiyang River had a decreasing tendency especially in the 1990s,runoff of Heihe River and Shule River were increasing,Shule River had a marked change in 1997;Hurst index analysis indicated Heihe River had an high increasing tendency,Shiyang River had an low increasing tendency.


Aerobics is a body exercise combining gymnastics, dance and music. In aerobics training and competitions, music runs through. Based on multimedia information technology, this article introduces the software and hardware of aerobics computer music production, aerobics music arrangement steps and operation methods, and provides a certain reference for aerobics music production and research.


The teaching of introductory physics courses to large groups of students has been conducted in the past by the use of large lecture halls. Problems that arise in such situations are numerous, some of the major ones being (1) making equipment large enough to be seen by everyone, (2) finding storage space for much large equipment, (3) keeping the lecture hall free of students for one whole period to provide ample time for setting up demonstrations, etc. Methods for solving these problems are presented here. By building three lecture room fronts on a single turntable, two complete lecture periods become available for setup time. Roll-in tables are not satisfactory. By using TV cameras with TV monitors suspended from the ceiling, demonstrations can be made clearly visible to everyone. An alternate solution, and in many respects the best one, is to develop several TV studio areas, use TV methods entirely, and by closed circuit transmission to monitors in small classrooms, reach students in groups of twenty-five or thirty. A teaching assistant in each of these rooms is then available for more intimate discussions.


We evaluate Dijksterhuis, Bos, van der Leij, & van Baaren (2009),
 Psychological Science, on the benefit of
 unconscious thinking in predicting the outcomes of soccer matches. We
 conclude that the evidence that unconscious thinking helps experts to make
 better predictions is tenuous both from theoretical and statistical
 perspectives.


Cesarean section – the problem or the problem solver in modern obstetrics? 1030-1100: Forceps in modern obstetrics when and how? Kim Hinshaw (UK) 1100-1115: Does the method of intrapartum monitoring matter in vaginal breech delivery? Susanne Albrechtsen (NO) 1115-1130: Maternal morbidity depending on mode of delivery Nanneli Pallasmaa (FI) 1130-1145: When does active pushing get dangerous for the fetus? Branka Yli (NO) 1145-1200: Discussion


Tel: +82-33-730-0667, Fax: +82-33-730-0667, Email: email@example.com Objectives: This study was carried out to analyse Hand Greater Yang Skin in human. Methods: Hand Greater Yang meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver. And subsequently body among superficial fascia and muscular layer were dissected in order to observe internal structures. Results : A depth of Skin encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established Skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as compass. The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang in human are as follows: The skin close to 0.1chon ulnad of 5 nail angle, ulnad base of 5 phalanx, ulnad head of 5 metacapus(relevant muscle: abductor digiti minimi muscle), ulnad of hamate, tip of ulnar styloid process(extensor carpi ulnaris tendon), radiad of ulnar styloid process, 2cm below midpoint between Sohae and Yanggok(extensor carpi ulnaris), between medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulnar(ulnar nerve), The skin close to deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, platysma muscle, inner muscles such as teres major muscle, infraspinatus muscle, supraspinatus muscle, levator scapulae muscle, splenius cervicis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, zygomaticus major muscle, auricularis anterior muscle. Conclusions: The Skin area of the Hand Greater Yang from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or muscles involved in the pathway of Hand Greater Yang meridian, collateral meridian, meridian muscle, with the condition that we consider adjacent skins.


The aim of present investigation includes the collection, authentication of Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl leaves and assess powder microscopical features with the help of standard pharmacognostical procedures listed in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias to establish identity and quality of the powdered form of leaf drug. Collected leaf samples were washed properly, shade dried and powdered in a mixer grinder. The powdered material was taken on microslide, stained with various colouring reagents and observe under microscope for various cellular arrangements. The leaf powder consists of abundant thick-walled fibres with tapering ends. Thick walled rectangular parenchyma cells are seen in leaf powder, these parenchyma cells have 2-4 cross walls. The lamina showing the venation pattern. The vein-islets are polygonal, narrow, thick straight boundaries. The characteristic epidermal trichomes and epidermal glandular trichomes are common in the powder, these are important diagnostic characters to identify the powder form of the drug. The guard cells in the stomata are narrow elliptical with stomatal aperture.


The study was designed to depict the seasonal dynamic in relative abundance of macrophyte species, nutrient availability and their content in macrophytes to assess the capability of different species to store nutrients in nutrient rich lake Velenjsko jezero. The concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the lake sediment, water and aboveground biomass of macrophytes (Nuphar luteum, Najas marina, Najas minor, Potamogeton lucens andPotamogeton pectinatus) were measured at three locations monthly from June to September 2004. Seasonal variability in the contents of total phosphorus in macrophyte tissues was high, but all examined species reached similar maximal concentration in the beginning of their growth. Later in the season, concentrations declined to a high degree. Seasonal variability in the contents of total nitrogen was smaller. Floating-leaved species Nuphar luteum was present in a low amounts and contained much more total nitrogen in its above-ground tissues than the submersed species. Because of different species lifespans, differences in the content of nutrients among species were very high in particular month. Nuphar luteum, Najas minor and Potamogeton lucens were rarely present in the lake and they contributed less to storing nutrients in their biomass. Potamogeton pectinatus was commonly present in the early summer, but in August Najas marina prevailed by far and its growth had high effect on the concentration of nutrients in sediment and water. Thereforenremoving of 1 t dry weight of Najas marina biomass from the lake would contribute to removal of 2.7 kg of phosphorus and 28.2 kg of nitrogen from the lake.


Objective To explore the causes of complications of permanent pacemaker implantation in elderly patients and strategies of management.Methods A total of 393 elderly patients,including 251 males and 142 females,aged(77.5±5.3)years(ranged from 60 to 94),were enrolled.Of them,237 had sick sinus syndrome,144 had advanced atrioventricular block,and 12 had double bundle branch block;255 of the patients had received single chamber pacemaker implantation,135 dual chamber pacemaker implantation,1 tri-chamber pacemaker implantation and 2 implanted cardiac defibrillator(ICD).Results There were 29 complications altogether(7.4%),including 14 lead dislocation(3.56%),6 pocket haematomas(1.53%),3 infection of pocket(0.76%),2 abandoned leads falling into the right ventricle(0.51%);2 pacemaker syndrome(0.51%),1 part fracture of lead electrode(0.25%)and 1 myocardial perforation(0.25%).Conclusion The key points to reduce the incidence of complications pacemaker implantation are careful preparation before operation,skillful aseptic technique and close observation and follow-up after operation.Early effective management of the complications can prevent them from becoming more serious.


City originates from arts and develops on demand(Lynch, 2001). The city has been constantly remodeling the order of life in one era after another, wherein there are inevitable conflicts between the new-born and the decadent, the progressive and the conservative, new updates and long-term accumulation. Taking historic district as an object, this paper studies the spatial prototype and temporal type of architecture texture based on the endogenous nature of urban spatial development that is in a complex diachronic form. The paper proposes the isomorphic type and similar type of architectural texture to provide a theoretical basis for future research and renovation of historic district.


This paper presents the biped Veronica actuated with the MACCEPA actuator. The MACCEPA is an electrical actuator of which the compliance and equilibrium position are fully independent and both are set by a dedicated servo motor. 6 such actuators are used to power the planar biped Veronica. The control concept is based on "controlled passive walking". Instead of continuously controlling the biped, the control parameter sets for each joint are only changed a few times during walking. Between the discrete control actions the motion is passive due to the compliant actuators. So this robot behaves like an actuated passive walker. Because the compliance is adaptable, different natural frequencies can be selected. This means that the walking motion is not restricted to a fix walking speed


Experimental hypertension was induced in rats by two methods. In the course of hypertension development the rats of experimental groups were treated with following tricyclic antidepressive agents: Imipramine, Opipramol, Amitriptylline and Nortriptylline injected in doses of 5.0 or 0.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Higher doses of the above drugs inhibited the development of hypertension, whereas the lower doses had no effect on arterial blood pressure.


. We study the slow-roll inflationary dynamics in a self-gravitating induced gravity braneworld model with a bulk cosmological constant. For E (cid:1) M 35 /M 24 we find important corrections to the four-dimensional Friedmann equation which bring the standard chaotic inflationary scenario into closer agreement with recent observations. For M 35 /M 2Pl (cid:2) E (cid:2) M 35 /M 24 we find five-dimensional corrections to the Friedmann equation, which give the known Randall–Sundrum results for the inflationary parameters.


Context: This study was undertaken in 100 patients scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Aim: The objective of this study was to study the effect of addition of intrathecal fentanyl to bupivacaine clonidine mixture on the quality of subarachnoid block and compare it with intrathecal bupivacaine clonidine mixture without fentanyl. Settings and Design: In this prospective and double blind randomized controlled study, one hundred patients, between 20-40 years of age, of either sex, weighing between 40-65 Kg, measuring more than 150 cm in height, of ASA Grade I and II who were undergoing orthopaedic lower limb surgeries were selected in order to study the quality of subarachnoid block and post-operative analgesia produced by a combination of bupivacaine clonidine and fentanyl in comparison with bupivacaine clonidine. Materials and Methods: The patients were randomly divided in two groups of 50 each: Group BC: 2.4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (12 mg) + 0.2 ml (30 μg) clonidine + 0.4 ml of 0.9% NaCl. Group BCF: 2.4 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (12 mg) + 0.2 ml (30 μg) clonidine + 0.4 ml (20 μg) of fentanyl. The total volume of solution in both the groups was 3.0 ml. The quality of subarachnoid block and post-operative analgesia were studied. Statistical Analysis Used: The data thus obtained was statistically analysed using the following tests: Unpaired student's t-test. Average % change in data over baseline values to detect trends. A 'P' value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference in duration of sensory and motor blockade in group BCF compared to BC. The duration of analgesia as assessed by, either VAS score of >5 or demand of additional analgesia was > 524.6 ± 32.21 mins in group BC and > 774.4 ± 59.59 mins in group BCF. This prolongation of duration of analgesia in group BCF compared to group BC has statistical significance. Blood pressure and heart rate changes were not significantly different among groups, whereas sedation and pruritus were significantly more frequent in Group BCF. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that addition of 20 μg fentanyl to intrathecal 30 μg clonidine and 12 mg bupivacaine enhanced the duration of post-operative analgesia with moderately increased sedation and was not associated with hemodynamic instability or other complications.


Flow monitoring is widely applied in software-defined networks for monitoring network performance. Especially, the detection on heavy hitters can prevent the Distributed Denial of Service attack. However, many existing approaches fall in one of two undesirable extremes: (i) inefficient collection where only accuracy is concerned in the method; (ii) low accuracy caused by the sacrifice with fast detection. As a result, we aim to find a balance between the accuracy and efficiency of flow monitoring, where the network resources can be saved and the error rate can also be confined simultaneously. In this paper, we present ReFeR, a novel "Report- Feedback-Report" scheme to improve the detection efficiency of heavy item detecting while ensuring low error rate of the measurement. ReFeR leverages the binary order of magnitude of item measurement to replace the long statistical information shared between switches and controller; after the items are analyzed with the magnitude, only fewer uncertain items are involved in further detection, where their information (i.e., significant digits) is provided for final judgment. Theoretical analysis and simulated evaluation have proved the effectiveness of our solution. ReFeR keeps the error rate under $1\%$ and the saving rate larger than $20\%$ in most cases as the selecting fraction $\alpha> \frac{5}{24}$, which guarantees both high efficiency and low error rate compared with existing methods.


Purpose – Research shows that socially responsible practices in small enterprises are mainly directed at employees, and the work environment is a target. The practices are mainly informal and non‐reported. However, studies of health and safety initiatives within a corporate social responsibility (CSR) context in small firms are absent. This paper aims to focus on the issues surrounding the debates.Design/methodology/approach – Case studies of CSR and work environment in 21 small Danish firms obtained from three industries have been designed to generate insight into CSR motives and practices directed at health and safety. The investigation applied qualitative methods and theoretical approaches to CSR, small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and occupational health and safety.Findings – The CSR initiatives are mainly motivated by ethical reasoning and by creating attractive workplaces to retain employees. The initiatives are particularly directed at employees' health and the psychosocial issues, and in m...


The current state of affairs in private law as a megasphere of law is undergoing continuous development. The purpose of the article is to consider current trends in the development of private law with regard to the Russian legal system. The study identifies historical prerequisites of the current state of affairs in private law in Russia, demonstrates the significance of the doctrine of dividing law into private and public that is conceptualized in the legal science, and, within its framework, the problem of a modern measure of private law is defined. The article explores the agreement-based legal regulation as a means of defining the law, examines the efficiency of the regulation that contributes to the stabilization of economic relations in Russia. The paper studies the need for state regulation of private-law relations, draws conclusions that such regulation has a positive impact, examines the role of public-law categories in private law in Russia. Discussion in the article is based on the principles of methodological pluralism and complexity, which allows us to examine the system of private law from different sides.


In 5 spring trials, the percentage of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) showing big vein symptoms was consistently low for the resistant line 72-136 and consistently high for the susceptible 'Great Lakes 65.' Results were less consistent for the moderately resistant 'Merit' and for 'Calmar.' During periods of low temperatures a lower percentage of big vein infected plants than healthy plants was harvested. Results were variable at high temperatures but, in general, differences were less.


Human gestures can express rich information, so gesture recognition technology is more and more widely used in human-computer interaction. In the gesture recognition system designed with piezoresistive sensor, the accuracy rate will decrease due to the aging of sensor. In this paper, a wearable gesture recognition system with piezoresistive sensor was designed. By collecting a small number of data sets at different aging stages of the sensor, we retrained the algorithm and extended the service time of the system.


Physics is increasingly moving towards nano-scale technology, and with this comes the need to understand small lattices or quasi-lattices supporting a small number of quanta. Often this gives the quantum equivalent of a classical breather, though with some interesting differences. In this short paper we review some work on quantum lattice problems, concentrating mainly on the quantum discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (QDNLS) model. The corresponding classical DNLS lattice is discussed elsewhere in this book. Our eventual aim is to understand such systems as quantum dot arrays, BoseEinstein Condensate lattices, and even models for Quantum Computers. We adopt here a pedagogical approach with many details omitted– see for a fuller description of the background material in our approach, and 3,4 for some other interesting developments by other authors. Consider the classical DNLS model in one spatial dimension with nearest-neighbour interactions


We prepared three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deficient in superoxide dismutases, one lacking cytoplasmic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (∆sod1), one lacking mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase (∆sod2), and the third, a double mutant lacking the genes for both (∆sod1∆sod2). Study of the growth of these strains in the presence and absence of oxygen or paraquat (a superoxide radical generating agent) showed that strain ∆sod1 exhibited an increased sensitivity to oxygen and paraquat relative to the SOD-competent controls. Deletion of the sod2 gene did not change the strain's sensitivity to oxygen and paraquat when the yeast was grown anaereobically. However, this strain revealed sensitivity to paraquat when grown in the presence of oxygen. The double mutant had the phenotype of the ∆sod1 strain. Different concentrations of four compounds (β-carotene, quercetin, vitamins A and E) were tested for their suppressor action on the ∆sod1, ∆sod2 and ∆sod1∆sod2 strains. Quercetin showed strong suppression of the oxygen sensitivity of ∆sod1 and the double deleted strain at 25 and 100 µM. At 1 and 25 µM, vitamin A also stimulated the growth of the investigated strains. Under our experimental conditions, the impacts of β-carotene and vitamin E was not significant.


The ionosphere is an essential component of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that can affect the accuracy and dependability of GNSS location. MATLAB provides comprehensive tools for the analysis of ionospheric data and its impact on GNSS positioning. To examine the ionospheric data utilized in GNSS positioning, we advise utilizing MATLAB in this application. The analysis is based on a determination of the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the ionosphere in order to account for the ionospheric delay in the GNSS signals. The system consists of a GNSS receiver module connected to a microcontroller with Wi-Fi capabilities, which transmits data to Matlab. The data is processed in Matlab before being used there. Then, in order to account for the ionospheric delay in the GNSS signals, the TEC of the ionosphere is calculated using Matlab. The recommended system provides a scalable and flexible environment for GNSS-based ionospheric data analysis. The system is practical for a range of applications, including surveying, geodesy, and navigation, and it may be readily adapted to fulfill specific customer requirements.For Matlab analysis, the approach has a number of advantages. In order to measure the TEC of the ionosphere precisely, it first provides cutting-edge signal processing technologies. Additionally, it makes it possible to display ionospheric data in a number of different ways, such as maps, graphs, and time-series plots. This can be applied to the data to identify patterns and trends. The proposed MATLAB-based system offers a scalable, flexible, and cutting-edge platform for the estimation of the ionosphere's TEC and the correction of the ionospheric delay in the GNSS signals.


The S.I.R.A.X program was conceived in order to create organised and consultable archives of X-ray radiographs. In 2003 in fact, the Archaeological Superintendency of the Marches Region set up an X-ray camera and inaugurated an important project to catalogue the 3000 X-rays taken by the Archaeological Superintendency of Tuscany between 1970 and 2000. This is one of the most important X-ray archives in existence and the Restoration Laboratory of Ancona conceived the S.I.R.A.X. program in order to reorganise it along with the other X-rays which they had taken themselves. S.I.R.A.X. is organised along two main lines: the management form is for data entry activity and the creation of an identification card for a more detailed individual report; the consultation mode facilitates the information retrieval. The program presents a simple and immediate interface which is easy to use, not only by experts but also by people not usually involved in this kind of activity. In accordance with this plan, S.I.R.A.X. will be made available on the Internet as soon as possible.


Th is paper is divided in three parts. Th e fi rst, more descriptive, provides an overview of the current Brazilian Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing criminal policy, its international origins as an global prohibition regime and the related processes of internalization in Brazil with 2 Re vi st a Br as ile ira d e Po lít ic as P úb lic as , B ra sí lia , v . 2 , n . 2 , p . 1 -2 7, ju l./ de z. 2 01 2 Felipe Dantas de Araújo the creation of a specifi c criminal legal microsystem (Law 9.613/1998) and of the National Strategy Against Corruption and Money Laundering (ENCCLA), an multidisciplinary instance, composed by many governmental agencies, that creates criminal policy. Th e second part, epistemological, is about the critical criminology movement, highlighting points and elements of evolution of this theory that are somehow incompatible with the AML-CTF, consisting of epistemological barriers that prevent or cause a lack of analytic concern of critical criminology about the AML-CTF criminal policy. In the third part is developed the hypothesis of this paper, which is: despite some current theoretical developments of critical criminology are not compatible with the investigation of criminal policy AML-CTF, it is possible to conceive, within the paradigm of critical criminology, a research agenda that approaches this paradigm to the specifi c criminal policy in study, therefore allowing the construction of a positive scientifi c infl uence of criminology on the AML-CTF. Despite the lack of specifi c doctrinal material on money laundering under the focus of critical criminology, it was adopted as methodology the review of classic texts of Brazilian and Latin American critical criminology, and the analysis of offi cial publications and reports about the AML-CTF criminal policy. From these eff orts, a schedule of dialogue was created, that consists in fi ft een possible contact points between the paradigm of critical criminology and the criminal regime of the AML-CTF.