This series of studies is being written on the assumption that all thoughtful bacteriologists will welcome information that really comes to grip with the realities behind such problems as the following, viz., the reason for the inagglutinability of freshly isolated typhoid strains, the origin of spontaneous agglutinability in salt solutions, the origin of cultural and serologic heterogeneity as shown especially among the enteric organisms, the normal mechanism for the origin of variants and biotypes in pure line strains, the essential homogeneity of the three so-called species of organisms causing blastomycosis, and the significance of secondary or daughter colonies among the bacteria. The studies also involve an inquiry into the real significance of the pleomorphic cycle and a clue is afforded to that most interesting of medical questions, viz., the origin of virulence under natural conditions. These studies aspire to interpret morphology, broadly speaking, in the light of function; to associate, but not to identify changes in function with certain definite morphologic alteration. Physiology has been made to serve always as the court of last resort when morphologic change appeared important. It has been nearly fifteen years since we were started on these studies by reason of certain observations, which current bacteriology


Abstract In this paper, we first study the representation of news text, build the content tree using the CTWE text method, and combine the word vector with the interrelationship between words in the content tree. Then, a feature word extraction technique is applied to filter key information, and Single-pass hierarchical clustering algorithm is used to classify the news content, and a data mining algorithm is applied to realize news delivery. Finally, the impact of information's initial value and credibility on the transmission process is examined, and the model's feasibility and practicality are assessed. The results show that the RMSE value of the data mining model is 0.0408, the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.9334, and the cosine similarity is 0.9596, and the model in this paper has the smallest deviation from the real data and the greatest similarity compared with other models. This study confirms the unique advantages of the data mining model in news dissemination.


Growing cuttings of Kusum (Schleichera oleosa), is a major hurdle for the Lac growers in India. This species is primarily known as the lac host tree for lac production besides other multiple uses. Due to high population pressure and market demand, the natural population and genetic diversity of this species is declining day-by-day. Maintaining the selected best germplasm through clonal propagation is the need of the hour. Mass multiplication through cuttings could only be the right choice of the grower if found successful. But, no successful cuttings of Kusum have been reported till date. Therefore, an experiment was carried out during 2018-21 following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to standardize the plant growth media and the seasons for growing cuttings at the very initial stages of the experiment. The result revealed that the root, shoot and leaf growths in cuttings of Kusum are significantly influenced by the different plant growth media. The maximum rooting initiation (43.33±0.96%) was observed in the cuttings grown in media of Coco peat : FYM : Vermicompost (2:2:1). The maximum rooting (44.50±1.85 %) in the cuttings prepared from seedlings of less than 5 years old and 33.75 ± 1.49 % rooting in the cuttings prepared from 10-20 years old plantation, were recorded in the month of May. Based on the present investigation, it is concluded that the plant growing media having the composition of Coco peat : FYM : Vermicompost (2:2:1) is more appropriate and recommended for growing cuttings of Kusum. Moreover, the month of May is highly recommended for growing cuttings of Kusum for maximum success. Regarding selection of mother plant, it is advised to select the Kusum plant from the plantation aged less than five years old.


Electromyogram (EMG) signal is an electrical manifestation of muscle contractions. EMG signal collected from surface of the skin, a non-invasive bioelectric signal, can be used in different rehabilitation applications and artificial extremities control. This study has proposed to utilize the surface EMG (SEMG) signal to recognize patterns of hand prosthesis movements. It suggests using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to identify motion commands for the control of a prosthetic hand. In this work a hybrid method for training fuzzy system, consisting of back-propagation (BP) and least mean square (LMS) is utilized. Also in order to optimize the number of fuzzy rules, a subtractive clustering algorithm has been developed. The myoelectric signals utilized to classify, were six hand movements. Features chosen for SEMG signal were time and time-frequency domain. Neuro-fuzzy systems designed and utilized in this study were tested independently and in a combined manner for both time and time-frequency features. The results showed that the combined feature implementation was the best in regard to identification of required movement tasks. The average accuracy of system for the combined approach was 96%.


The paper deals with the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) application to the comfort optimization of some complex architectural projects in which the physical interaction effects between the building and its environment affect strongly the building's comfort conditions and the HVAC system behaviour. The author reports on his practical experience of modelling aerodynamic and thermodynamic interaction effects between internal and external air flows. The selected examples range from the investigation of the pollutant transport around several skyscrapers in the city of Frankfurt to the simulation of internal air flows in very complex large spaces like modern atria or shopping malls.


The paper presents a knowledge-based program for automatic generation of a highly structured set of World Wide Web (WWW or web) pages, starting from a knowledge base represented using a frame (object-oriented) paradigm. This program is one of the modules of an intelligent tutoring computer system for advanced computer programming [TrN96]. The tutoring system is built around a structured (frame-like) object-oriented knowledge base developed in the XRL environment [Bat87], written in Common-Lisp.


This article attempts to account for China's economic growth in terms of labor, capital, and total factor productivity by estimating a Cobb-Douglas production function using official Chinese data. It is an extension of Gregory C. Chow's earlier work in 1993 and has two purposes: to find out whether the parameters of the production function have changed and to use the production function to forecast GDP growth up to 2010.


Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is used to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and connected neuronal networks in surgical candidates suffering from intractable focal epilepsy. Identification of the SOZ is usually based on visual inspection of iEEG signals, but new computer-based quantitative iEEG analyses are being developed to improve and expedite SOZ detection. Two main questions arise. First, which signal features are the best proxys to identify the SOZ and the propagation pathways constituting epileptic networks? Second, how can the results of data analysis be represented in a clinically useful and meaningful manner? This chapter adopts an epileptogenicity mapping approach based on maps of ictal high-frequency oscillations superimposed on neuroanatomy and illustrates the main concepts underlying mapping of seizure networks. Future quantitative iEEG approaches should complete and operationalize understanding of seizure networks. Quantitative neuroimaging of iEEG features of seizures should help provide better presurgical assessment of patients undergoing resective surgery.


Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) currently remains one of the significant problems of pediatric urology. The main goal of treatment is to prevent MTCT recrudescing flow pyelonephritis of the renal parenchyma damage, hypertension and CKD. Recent decades have seen significant changes in views on standards of treatment of children with VUR. Debated, today questions about the effectiveness of long-term antibiotic therapy and surgical correction method. Endoscopic reflux correction was first proposed in 1881 Matouschek E., as an alternative to conservative therapy and open surgery. The purpose of the study - assessment of the effectiveness and long-term results of endoscopic reflux correction of the first four degrees, and its place in the overall strategy of treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.


The article is considered the actual problem of application of practical methods of social work with refugees and the compelled immigrants. Social work with those categories of migrants, as a rule, is organised in extreme conditions. Work with voluntary emigrants and immigrants is organised better. The investigated social phenomenon testifies to a new stage in development of social and economic attitudes in a modern Russian society. The occurred social changes have rendered serious influence on change of the social validity. The new phenomenon was the compelled migration: streams of refugees and the compelled immigrants. As a whole the technology of social work with migrants provides not only system of rendering assistance to separate individuals and the groups which have appeared as a result of migration in a complex vital situation, but also reorganization of the social environment, the account of a migratory situation, character of migratory streams, number of migrants, their categories.


Deterioration and aging of the technical fleet of thermal power facilities lead to an unpredictable shutdowns of power equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to create a special approach in maintenance and repair programs, taking into account the possibility of predicting the moment of onset of the defect, its development, as well as the time of possible equipment failure. The equipment maintenance system used at the enterprises is based on the collection of retrospective data on defects and failures on the main and auxiliary equipment of the TPP and summarizing statistics on identical or similar equipment samples. Analysis of domestic and foreign methods of maintenance and organization of repair, as well as possibility of their application in modern power engineering is given. In order to create an efficient production asset management system, which addresses the problem of finding a balance between the potential risk of losses associated with both the operation of equipment and the cost of correcting defects, new class systems are now used in the software market, which carry out equipment maintenance based on the forecast. In order to optimize the equipment maintenance system and ensure uninterrupted and reliable operation of the equipment at minimum operating costs, as well as to reduce equipment downtime, unscheduled and emergency operations, it is advisable to use a modern approach to manage both reliability and risk, as well as the cost of asset ownership. This will enable to control the economic efficiency of the use of production assets. The necessity of creation of an algorithm of implementation of repair programs of power equipment base on technical condition for its use in digital power systems is shown. An algorithm is proposed for implementing the repair program of power units of electric power plants, including steam boilers and turbines of thermal power plants, differing by taking into account the technical condition of power equipment, which allows recognizing the defect that has appeared, determining the cause of its occurrence, its evolution and the duration of possible equipment failure. In the developed repair maintenance algorithm, it is proposed to make a transition from statistical empirical assessments of the technical condition of the equipment to objective estimates obtained on the basis of automated technical diagnostics systems and predictive analysis of situations.


Owing to frequent overflow of sewage-polluted creeks and rivers in Sao Paulo city, the population that lives in those surrounding areas is constantly exposed to a high risk of infection by many pathogens. Our aim was to evaluate the occurrence of human adenovirus, especially F species (HAdV-40 and HAdV-41), in sewage and creek water in Sao Paulo city. A total of 95 water samples were collected from July 1998 to June 1999 and from September 2000 to December 2001 at Sewage Pumping Station Edu Chaves and Creek Pirajussara. Four-litre samples were concentrated by a two-step procedure based on filtration through electropositive filter membrane and ultracentrifugation. Adenoviruses were detected in 69 samples (72.6%) after amplification of a sequence of the hexon gene by PCR. The discrimination of human adenovirus F was done by RFLP. A first screening was performed by restriction of PCR product with TaqI, followed by the discrimination of HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 by R saI restriction. Sixty-two (89.8%) samples showed F species viruses. Among them, human adenovirus, serotype 41, was the most frequently detected in 17 (62.9%) out of 27 samples and serotype 40 was identified only in 7 (25.9%) samples. No seasonal distribution of adenoviruses was observed.


Flux trapping measurements in hollow super conducting lead cylinders were undertaken to determine whether the reduction in trapped field is due to the length of the cylinder or whether even an infinitely long cylinder would display similar behavior. An infinitely long hollow cylinder was simulated by arranging a niobium guard ring at each end of the cylinder. The experiments seem to indicate that magnetic fields as large as the critical field may be stably trapped in soft superconducting cylinders. (C.E.S.)


The present invention provides a metabolic syndrome relieving or preventing agent containing barley bran, or a α- amylase treated as an active ingredient. The present invention also provides a metabolic syndrome relieving or preventing agent containing a water-insoluble component of the α- amylase treated product of barley bran as an active ingredient. According to the present invention, to suppress accumulation of visceral fat, to enable improvement or prevention of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome relieving or preventing agent derived from natural products is provided.


An effective cotton spinning requires efficient opening & cleaning of raw material. The beating point of coarse cleaning machine (Uniclean) influences neps generation, fiber length and short fiber content. By keeping this view, to change various setting, Cleaning Intensity (C.I) and Relative Amount of Waste (RAW) of cleaning machine which affects fiber rupture, cleaning efficiency, good fiber loss percentage in waste. The effect of beater speed of coarse cleaner was studied for quality characteristics of cotton. The results in respect of neps generation, fiber length and short fiber content showed highly significant differences in the mean values for different combination of settings as well as cleaning segments. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 16-04-2019 Date of acceptance: 01-05-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Polycarbonate (PC) and phenoxy resin (PKFE) have similar structures derived from bisphenol A. PKFE resin possesses pendant hydroxyl groups along its backbone; instead of the carbonate carbonyl groups found in polycarbonate, PKFE contains 2-hydroxypropyl groups instead. This difference in structure significantly influences thermomechanical properties when these materials are blended with phenyltrisilanol polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). While POSS exhibits some level of solubility in the each of the polymer matrixes tested, the glass transition temperatures of phenoxy composites increase with incorporation of POSS, while the glass transition temperatures of polycarbonate composites decrease significantly. Addition of POSS to PC also results in embrittlement of the composites; POSS thus serves as an antiplasticizer in the PC/POSS system. In the case of PKFE/POSS composites, significant interactions are evidenced by the change in the shape of the infrared spectra for the C−H phenyl stretch. Whil...


. Since many years, retailers have tried to leverage the benefits of e-commerce by transferring concepts of online shops into retailing. However, shopping experience in physical stores is different from the one in online shops due to potential stress factors arising in-store. Two previous scientific works focused on unobtrusively detected customers' perceived stress in order to provide tailored mobile services in real-time. The purpose of this paper is to assess the adoption of the envisioned stress-based smart retail service amongst potential customers. The results show that tailored services are perceived positively and thus, have the potential to contribute to an enhanced shopping experience.


AAPG Bulletin, v. 67, no. 9 (September 1983), p. 1484. Review of "Selected Structural Basins of the Midcontinent, USA," edited by Paul Dean Proctor and John W. Koenig. Corrected address: Department of Geology, 208 Norwood Hall, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65401. Corrected price: $7. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2160------------


The objective of this article is to highlight important aspects of the 1979 Preschool Education Program since 40 years have elapsed since its edition. This document is part of a broader investigation related to the presence of constructivist theory in education taught in Mexico. The conclusion is that the content and organization of the 1979 Preschool Education Program make it possible to verify the presence of behaviorism in Mexican preschool education.


This research aimed to explore the factors predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the high-risk population. A cross-sectional study had been conducted in the high-risk populations investigated with and without CKD were the participants. A total of 1,463 samples was enrolled by a multistage sampling technique was used to recruit participants from five provinces in the lower northern of Thailand. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression. The results were revealed the risk factors affecting CKD including aged, dyslipidemia, being ill of diabetes mellitus, being unable to control blood pressure, being unable to control blood sugar level, taking add more salty seasoning to the cooked food, cooking with sodium salt over the prescribed amount, using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, lack of exercise, herbal plants consumption as drugs that are toxic to the kidney, edema, foamy urine, and nocturia. All risk factors were able to co-predict the risk to CKD about 83.2% at the 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, to prevent early states with CKD in the high-risk populations, the focus should be on encouraging health literacy because health literary it has a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. The health care provider needs to concentrate on increasing health literacy for self– management with them.


A low-cost, highly sensitive pre–column capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with diode-array detector (DAD) for determination of alendronate in pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed. The analyte was labeled with 4–methoxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride (MOBS–F) at 40 °C. Solid pharmaceutical preparations tablets of alendronate sodium were analyzed as real samples by proposed method with satisfied results.


There are two different kinds of political attitudes in the field of the philosophy of politics in the contemporary western world: the Western Right think of the technology as means or methods irrelevant of political ethic from freedom notion and often layout fine future for technology;The Western Left think of technology as a kind of political ethic preference from equality notion and put it into the criticism of political ethic.These two different kinds of political opinions should be considered complementary because the human beings and technology are constructed each other in the real society.This relation of mutual construction has the purport that we could find some negative effects which technology bring us through the opinions of the Western Left on the basis of not denying the Western Left 's hot expect for technology and then give technology justice,democracy,ecology and efficiency in order to push the constant development of technology.


The Life Sciences Division (LSD) of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has a long record of radiation dosimetry research, primarily using the Health Physics Research Reactor (HPRR) and the Radiation Calibration Laboratory (RADCAL) in its Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Program. These facilities have been used by a broad segment of the research community to perform a variety of experiments in areas including, but not limited to, radiobiology, radiation dosimeter and instrumentation development and calibration, and the testing of materials in a variety of radiation environments. Operations of the HPRR were terminated in 1987 and the reactor was moved to storage at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant; however, RADCAL will continue to be operated in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Secondary Calibration Laboratory program and will meet all requirements for testing dosimeters under the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP). This manual is to serve as the primary instruction and operation manual for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's RADCAL facility. Its purpose is to (1) provide operating protocols for the RADCAL facility, (2) outline the organizational structure, (3) define the Quality Assurance Action Plan, and (4) describe all the procedures, operations, and responsibilities for the safe and proper operation of all routine aspects of the calibration facility.


This research uses the network-analytic concepts of homophily, tie strength, and range to explore gender differences in characteristics of middle managers' information and career support networks. When the effects of position and potential for future advancement were held constant, women's networks were less homophilous than men's. Women high in advancement potential, however, relied to a greater extent than both high-potential men and less high-potential women on close ties and relationships outside their subunits. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that different types of networks may provide alternative routes to similar career resources for men and for women.


Abstract: Uncivil behaviors have detrimental consequences that can impact healthcare team cohesion, resulting in conflicts and poor teamwork. This article details civil and uncivil behaviors and how the latter affects healthcare, and provides a tool to prepare nurses for uncivil encounters. Uncivil behaviors have detrimental consequences that can impact healthcare team cohesion, resulting in conflicts and poor teamwork. This article details civil and uncivil behaviors and how the latter affects healthcare, and provides a tool to prepare nurses for uncivil encounters.


Geological time, like all other kinds of time, can only be measured by the succession of events. If the events considered are constant in their recurrence and uniform in their nature, their number will afford the means of measuring the length of time. Thus the oscillations of a given pendulum, the rotation of the earth on its axis, and its revolution round the sun are sufficiently constant and uniform to afford a basis for our seconds, days, and years. Of such uniform and constantly recurring events geology affords no examples by which we could measure the length of geological time.


Taking the materialist dialectics as the analytical means,we can find that the modernization for man in today's China is the relationship of dialectical unity between the process of the subject to object and the object to subject and the modernization in today's China is the same relationship between the modernization of the social subject and the social object.The modernization for man has been obtained the unprecedented possibility of overall-advancement in the modernization in today's China.


In this article we study the Gross-Schoen diagonal cycle on a triple product of Shimura curves at a place of bad reduction. We relate the image of the diagonal cycle under the Abel-Jacobi map to certain period integral that governs the central critical value of the Garrett-Rankin type triple product $L$-function via level raising congruences. As an application we prove certain rank $0$ case of the Bloch-Kato conjecture for the symmetric cube motive of a weight $2$ modular form.


In 3G systems, the achievable peak data rates on the uplink are much smaller than the downlink data rates due to noise rise constraints resulting from the nonorthogonal nature of the CDMA uplink. In this paper, we present a new time-orthogonal approach called high-speed data burst transmission mode. The concept is based on slot-synchronized slot-orthogonal transmissions whereby high-speed data transmissions take place in slots orthogonal to the slots used for low data rate transmission and physical layer control signaling. Using this approach very high data rates are achieved during data burst transmission because the noise rise constraint is relaxed due to the orthogonal nature of the transmissions. The simulation results show that the uplink capacity of the proposed scheme is comparable to the downlink capacity thus making the system symmetrical.


From the perspective of political economy, this paper explores the connotation of urbanization. Then, the index system of the level of productivity is constructed, the result of quantitative analysis showing as follow:"The level of productivity is the Granger cause of the level of urbanization", and it is one-way causal relationship, when the level of productivity improves 1 percentage, the level of urbanization will raise 3.115 percentage; The exploration and adjustment of the distribution of productive forces, industrial policy options and so on, led to the volatility of the urbanization process in China. In the aspect of relations of production, the Household registration institution, land institution, social security institution, education institution and so on, led to the urban-rural dual structure, which has been impacting on China's urbanization process. Final, some suggests are put forward for the New-type urbanization of China to develop stably, based on the historical influence factors of urbanization.


Large Deviation theory is the branch of Probability theory that deals with rare events. Sometimes, these events can be described by the sum of random variables that deviates from its mean more than a "normal" amount. A precise calculation of the probabilities of such events turns out to be crucial in a variety of different contents (e.g. in Probability Theory, Statistics, Operations Research, Statistical Physics, Financial Mathematics e.t.c.). Recent applications of the theory deal with random walks in random environments, interacting diffusions, heat conduction, polymer chains [1].In this paper we prove an inequality of exponential type, namely theorem 2.1, which gives a large deviation upper bound for a specific sequence of r.v.s. Inequalities of this type have many applications in Combinatorics [2]. The inequality generalizes already proven results of this type, in the case of symmetric probability measures. We get as consequences to the inequality: (a) large deviations upper bounds for exchangeable Be...


Many current automatic license plate (LP) recognition systems are designed to handle a fixed form of LPs. In the present work, we develop an effective system using deep convolutional neuron network (CNN) that can process LPs with different layouts (e.g., variable character lengths, diverse colors, square-like and rectangular shapes). Firstly, we make an attempt of gathering a sufficient large and diverse Vietnamese LP dataset and manually creating the annotations for images. Secondly, a CNN model is derived to detect the LPs in images and predict the LP's shape (i.e., one-row or two-row form). Thirdly, we design an efficient and unified CNN model to predict the characters of an input LP image patch. The proposed system has been extensively validated on two datasets (Vietnamese and Chinese LPs), demonstrating promising accuracy (e.g., 95% – 99%) and real-time CPU inference in comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches.


Based on the information technologies and the semantic fields for the technical terms of industrial enterprises of the XVIII century were investigated. The field analysis was carried out according to three sources containing the terms of industrial equipment the travel notes of the leaders of the Orenburg scientific detachments. The study of semantic fields was carried out on the basis of the Semograph information system and the SciVi visual analytic program. Using the example of the semantic fields Industrial enterprise and Industrial equipment studied the relationships between the fields, the volume and the weight of terms included in the field.


Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most common infections worldwide. Spread by sexual contact, various STDs directly cause much morbidity and mortality. General as well as specific aspects of STD prevention are discussed.


A white dwarf (WD) gains substantial angular momentum during the accretion process that grows it toward a Chandrasekhar mass. It is therefore expected to be rotating quickly when it ignites as a Type Ia supernova. The thermal and shearing profiles are important for subsequent flame propagation. We highlight processes that could affect the WD shear during accretion, as well as during the ~1000 yr of pre-explosive simmering. Baroclinic instabilities and/or the shear growth of small magnetic fields provide sufficient torque to bring the WD very close to solid-body rotation during accretion. The lack of significant shear makes it difficult to grow a WD substantially past the typical Chandrasekhar mass. Once carbon ignites, a convective region spreads from the center of the WD. This phase occurs regardless of progenitor scenario, and therefore it is of great interest for understanding how the WD interior is prepared before the explosive burning begins. We summarize some of the key properties of the convective region, including a demonstration that the mass enclosed by convection at any given time depends most sensitively on a single parameter that can be expressed as either the ratio of temperatures or densities at the top and bottom of the convection zone. At low Rossby numbers, the redistribution of angular momentum by convection may result in significant shearing at the convective/nonconvective boundary.


This paper mainly discusses the application theory and practice method of building information model(BIM) in the construction phase of the project(from 3D to 4D and 5D), and discusses the present situation of the application of BIM technology in the construction enterprise. Finally combined with China's national conditions, the barriers of the application of BIM technology in the construction phase are analyzed and countermeasures are explored.


Presents the use of an image recognition technique within an AM/FM system for automatic map reading to provide information for distribution system design in a new residential neighbourhood and for AM/FM system database updating. The author describes how an architect's map of a new neighbourhood can be understood and used to give an electrical equivalent indicating the position and magnitude of the electrical load centres, and he describes how the types of premises on maps can be correctly classified using a counter-propagation neural network. The above results of automatic map reading can be output directly to the AM/FM system with information regarding the equipment and the electrical network to be used in the new neighbourhood.


This paper suggests a new way to implement high speed AES on Intel Core2 processors and AMD Athlon64 processors, which are used all over the world today. First, Core2 Processors of EM64T architecture's memory-access-instruction processing efficiency are lower than calculus-instruction processing efficiency. So, previous AES implementation techniques, which had a high rate of memory-access-instruction, could cause memory-bottleneck. To improve this problem we present the partial round key techniques that reduce the rate of memory-access-instruction. The result in Intel Core2Duo 3.0 Ghz Processors show 185 cycles/block and 2.0 Gbps's throughputs in ECB mode. This is 35 cycles/block faster than bernstein software, which is known for being the fastest way. On the other side, in AMD64 processors of AMD64 architecture, by removing bottlenecks that occur in decoding processing we could improve the speed, with the result that the Athlon64 processor reached 170 cycles/block. The result that we present is the same performance of Matsui's unpublished software.


In the article the authors examine the state of institutional practices in the field of harmonization of inter-racial and inter-ethnic relations in the United States. On the base of research of American scientists it is proved that current institutional practice is characterized by the priority of legal regulation, which is connected on one hand with the liberal tradition, on the other with the fact that racial segregation and discrimination was overcome by legal practice. The ethnic factor, which was not recognized in American political life for a long time, requires a reformatting of institutional practices towards the rise of political participation of ethnic groups, which has an indirect confirmation in the growth of conflict with ethnoterritorial or "transnational" characteristics.


This paper illustrates the interchangeable virtual instruments (IVI) tools and architectural elements that enable users to develop software systems that are independent of the underlying instruments. The paper begins by describing how IVI drivers and associated IVI shared components are used to develop a system. An example using a spectrum analyzer and signal generator is presented. The paper then explores how the resulting system can be maintained over time, and the specific steps a customer takes to interchange instruments. The paper then describes where the resulting system may fall short of behaving like the original system. The specific steps that are needed to make the new system behave like the original one are described. Then, these steps are generalized to show what a customer needs to do to create a system that will remain stable when exchanging instruments. Finally a brief description of the IVI measurement and stimulus subsystems (IVI-MSS) standard shows how additional architectural steps can simplify the long-term maintenance of the system.


This thesis deals with translation equivalents of English articles into Czech language. It is based on a research on the English-Czech parallel corpus KACENKA (Korpus anglicko-ceský-elektronický nastroj Katedry anglistiky) version 1.0, 1998 created by Ing. Mgr. Jiři Rambousek and PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasova from the Department of English and American Studies, the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno. The thesis interconnects linguistics and translation, specifically corpus linguistics, grammar and the problem of non-equivalence in translation. It deals with the lexical aspect of the translation of English articles. Two translations of The Jungle Book included in KACENKA are compared from the point of view of direct translation equivalents of English articles used by the two translators – Milos Maixner and, Hana and Aloys Skoumalovi.


CONTEXT
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global problem, despite effective drug therapies. Access to TB therapy during conflict situations has not been studied.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of irregular TB treatment due to an armed conflict in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Ongoing retrospective cohort study conducted in the capital city of Bissau among 101 patients with TB who received irregular or no treatment during the civil war (war cohort; June 7-December 6, 1998) and 108 patients with TB who received treatment 12 months earlier (peace cohort; June 7-December 6, 1997) and comparison of an additional 42 patients who had completed treatment before June 6, 1998, and 69 patients who had completed treatment before June 6, 1997.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Mortality rates, compared by irregular (war cohort) vs regular (peace cohort) access to treatment, by intensive vs continuation phase of treatment, and by those who had previously completed treatment for TB.

RESULTS
Irregular treatment was associated with an increased mortality rate among patients with TB. The mortality rate ratio (MR) was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-8.12) in the war cohort, adjusting for age, sex, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, residence, and length of treatment. Each additional week of treatment before the war started increased probability of survival by 5% (95% CI, 0%-10%). In the intensive phase of treatment, the adjusted MR was 3.30 (95% CI, 1.04-10.50) and in the continuation phase it was 2.26 (95% CI, 0.33-15.34). Increased mortality among the war cohort was most marked in HIV-positive patients, who had an adjusted MR of 8.19 (95% CI, 1.62-41.25). Mortality was not increased in HIV-positive or HIV-negative patients who had completed TB treatment when the war started.

CONCLUSIONS
Interruption of treatment had a profound impact on mortality among patients with TB during the war in Guinea-Bissau. Regular treatment for TB was associated with significantly improved survival for HIV-infected individuals. In emergencies, it is crucial to ensure availability of TB drugs.


Here, we describe the water-free synthesis of polyaniline nanostructures as a new chemical oxidative polymerization technique. Large slabs and allihn condenser type structures of polyaniline were obtained in the absence and presence of para-toluenesulfonic acid.


The article analyses the geographical identities of the citizens of Kishinev and speci fi cally stresses their visualization – boards, lea fl ets, graphitty , mass-media and other printed and written materials. This method is used in the work of P.Shtompki 'Visual sociology' which presents a photo as a documentary evidence.


Objective: To observe the value of high-frequency color ultrasound Doppler in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism. Methods: We used ACOSON ASPEN color ultrasound Doppler and the frequency of probe was 5~10MHz.The patients having no testis in the affected scrotum were examined along the testis descending way, especially groin,pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity. The solid echo rolls similar to the shape of testis were found and they squirmed along with the change of abdomen pressure. 18 cases of cryptorchidism were analyzed. 17 cases in the test group were confirmed by operation. Results: Of 18 cases of retained testis,16 were located in groin; a low echo node was found in right abdomibal cavity of 1 case, around which having reticular tissue which confirmed by operation was greater omentum; a low echo node doubted to be the testis was found behind the peritoreum of 1 case and we (suggested) the patient should take further examination. Conclusion: It is hard to make clear the concrete place of retained testes by clinical examination. Of other examinations the cost is high and the operation is complicated. This test found that there were 89% retained testes locating in groin and the diagnosis rate was 94%. For the places of retained testes are surface and they squirmed along with the change of abdomen pressure, high-frequency color ultrasound Doppler is the best method diagnosing this disease which can provide the place, size and shape of retained testes and it has great value in the respect of having a clear diagnose and deciding therapeutic plan early which can make the retained testes descend into the scrota and promote their growth.


The present paper has as problem the questioning of the existence of decisional autonomy and its consideration as a necessary foundation for the realization of one's selfdetermination over their own body. In order to solve the questioning, it has been made a qualitative, exploratory-explanatory bibliographical research, by using the deductive method. The conclusion


This paper proposes the application of some of the analytical instruments developed in cognitive studies to poetic discourse as a preliminary step for a global treatment of poetry based on the principle of relevance. The lack of contributions of this type in the Hispanic field makes this exploration more important. This application has been structured according to the three levels of discourse analysis: the sentence level to which the principles of cognitive grammar are applied; the textual level, where the viability of the theory of textual worlds in poetry is shown; and the discursive level, where the problems of the poetic subject and the generic identity of poetry are reconsidered from a cognitive perspective.


The pion-nucleon sigma term is shown to be equal to the Goldberger-Treiman discrepancy at tree level. Its value estimated this way is very sensitive to the pion-nucleon coupling constant g_{pi NN}. This relation, when combined with the pion-nucleon S-wave scattering lengths, yields a new determination of g_{pi NN} at tree level. The results of a one-loop analysis are also summarized determining an allowed range for the induced pseudoscalar coupling constant g_P.


We investigated the resultant velocity that Steven from Steven Universe would be accelerated to due to an explosive decompression within a "Moon base", and if his velocity would cause him to be ejected out into the solar system. Using fluid dynamics and the conservation of momentum, we found Steven's outward velocity to be 96% smaller than the escape velocity and hence would not escape the gravitational influence of the Moon.


Peroxidogenic bacteria, the residential organism in the oral cavity , has been isolated from human subjects, and studied on its distribution and biological properties. The author obtained some conclusion as follows. 1. In the method of isolation using BEB agar, these organisms were residential in saliva (oral cavity) and vagina. Especially, they could be isolated from the saliva of newborns following a vaginal delivery. 2. Isolation of this organism occured in about 40% of the specimens of gastric juices . 3. Peroxidogenic bacteria could not be isolated from the feces of healthy adults. However, isolation from feces was seen in 10-30% of patients with gastrointestinal disease . The rate of detection was especially high in obstructive jaundice and infantile pseudocholera (70%). 4. Among the peroxidogenic bacteria isolated from the oral cavity and stomach , the mitis type of genus streptococcus (Bergey's manual) was discovered . On the other hand, the bile resistant streptococci were seen in a high percentage. Bile resistance was seen in most of the strains isolated from the intestine. 5. As the results of indentifying experiments of isolated bile resistant strains, a considerable difference was seen from mitis type streptococci concerning to the biochemical properties. They also disagree with the enterococcus group, no strains show agreement with those described in the section of genus streptococcus of Bergey's Manual . However, many similarities were found in these isolated strains with Aerococcus viridans described by Cowan et al. Concering to the serological reaction of Lancefield, this organism does not belong to group D. 6. For the production of H2O2 by bacteria, presence of O2 is required . As the results of studies through anaerobic culture, there appears to be an accumulation of product preceding H2O2. 7. Since the strains isolated from the oral cavity and the digestive tract have identical biological properties, peroxidogenic streptococci isolated from the intestine appear to be the same as those isolated from the oral cavity. 8. After oral administration of the isolated bacteria to animals (rabbit, rat) the corresponding organism could not be isolated from the feces or isolated transiently . After intraintestinal injection through laparotomy, the organism could be isolated from the feces transiently. From these animal experimental results and those of isolation experiments , they cannot be considered normal intestinal flora.


Many robotics researchers are exploring new possibilities of intelligent robots in our everyday life. Interactive robots, which have various modalities, can communicate with humans as new information media. In this talk, we argue recent research activities of intelligent interactive robots in Japan. Then, we consider a constructive approach to developing interactive humanoid robots in ATR Media Information Science Laboratories. Cognitive scientists and robotics engineers work together in ATR.


Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are involved in most steps of the genetic expression including catalysis of central cellular functions. RNA function depends crucially on the specific tridimensional folding of the molecule which in turns depends on the sequence and on the way the bases pair through hydrogen bonds (secondary structure). Hence, determination of RNA tridimensional structures is fundamental for understanding their function. A common method to investigate RNA structures of large molecules is the use of chemical probes such as SHAPE (2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) reagents, DMS (dimethyl sulfate) and CMCT (1-cyclohexyl3-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfate), the reaction of which is dependent on the local structural properties of each nucleotide. In order to understand the interplay between local flexibility, sugar pucker, canonical pairing and chemical reactivity of the probes, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on a set of RNA molecules for which both tridimensional structure and chemical probing data are available and we analyzed the correlations between geometrical parameters and the chemical reactivity. Our study confirms that SHAPE reactivity is guided by the local flexibility of the different chemical moieties but suggests that a combination of multiple parameters is needed to better understand the implications of the reactivity at the molecular level. This is also the case for DMS and CMCT for which the reactivity appears to be more complex than commonly accepted.


In this paper, we address the problem of camera and object motion detection in the compressed domain. The estimation of camera motion and the moving object segmentation have been widely stated in a variety of context for video analysis, due to their capabilities of providing essential clues for interpreting the high-level semantics of video sequences. A novel compressed domain motion estimation and segmentation scheme is presented and applied in this paper. MPEG-2 compressed domain information, namely Motion Vectors (MV) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients, is filtered and manipulated to obtain a dense and reliable Motion Vector Field (MVF) over consecutive frames. An iterative segmentation scheme based upon the generalized affine transformation model is exploited to effect the global camera motion detection. The foreground spatiotemporal objects are separated from the background using the temporal consistency check to the output of the iterative segmentation. This consistency check process can coalesce the resulting foreground blocks and weed out unqualified blocks. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.


It is clarified that oral expression represents thoughts individually and the biggest hindrance of oral lan-guage teaching is the subjective emotional factor with which students accept and express information.The psycho-logical motive of learners and the function of oral expression from the angle of information processing system of psycholinguistics are explored.On the basis of psycholinguistics theory combined with teaching practice myself,the thorough illustrations are followed: sensory memory and introduction of teaching;short-term memory and class practice;long-term memory and oral communication.Aiming at renewing teaching methods and enriching teaching content,oral teaching prompts students to accept information voluntarily and improves their abilities.


Timing of N uptake and N 2 fixation may be important determinants of yield and seed N concentration in spring sown lupine (Lupinus albus L.). This study was initiated to determine N 2 fixation, N and dry matter (DM) accumulation and distribution patterns, and nodulation as influenced by Bradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus) inoculation and N fertilizer (.)


Objective To study the preventive effect of M.smegmatis vaccine for people infected with M.tuberculosis.Methods 1.Animal Test: Guinea pigs infected with M.tuberculosis were randomized into two M.smegmatis vaccine groups(group A and B) and control group(group C).Guinea pigs in A and B group were injected with 7.0μg and 35.0μg vaccine every week for 4 consecutive weeks.The effect of M.smegmatis vaccine was evaluated through PPD skin test?pathological index and load of M.tb.2.Human Test: 31 volunteers with strongly positive reactions in PPD skin test were randomized into group D?E and F.They were injected with M.smegmatis vaccine 6 times at doses of 8.7μg、17.5μg and 35.0μg respectively every two week.The PPD reactions of the volunteeres were observed before and after injection.Results 1.Animal Test: PPD reaction of Guinea pigs in group A?B and C was(9.87±3.36?7.04±3.09?12.67±1.47)mm respectively,both A and B group had significant difference when compared with group C(P0.01).Pathological index in group A、B and C was 34.6 ± 13.7?29.6 ± 12.3?49.6 ± 16.7 respectively,and two vaccine groups had significant difference when compared with group C(P0.05).The log of number of M.tb from Guinea pigs'lungs in group A、B and C was 4.32 ± 1.58?4.00 ± 1.39?4.94 ± 0.41,and group B had significant difference when compared with group C(P0.05).2.Human Test: PPD reaction was(36.1±4.5?34.0±3.6?33.5±3.1)mm in group D?E?F respectively before injection of vaccine,and(20.6±0.6?16.0±1.6?17.82±1.2)mm after injection.There was significant difference(P0.05)for PPD reaction before and after injection for all the three groups.Conclusions M.smegmatis vaccine has good preventive effect for people infected with M.tuberculosis.


Introduction: The current pandemic has caused several social and behavioural changes at a national level. These changes had a negative impact on mental health and sleep quality. Sleep is one of the main regulators and repairers of the body and is involved in both cognition and memory as well as immunity and hormonal balance. Objective: This study seeks to identify the main sleep disorders aggravated by the COVID-19 Pandemic and their consequences to the population. Methods: A bibliographic narrative review was made with articles dating from the last 5 years (2016-2021), which were extracted from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and "Google Academic" databases, using the following keywords and descriptors in Portuguese and English; "Sleep/Sono", "Sleep Disorders/Disturbios do Sono", "Insomnia", "Pandemic/Pandemia", "COVID-19", "Immunity/Imunidade", "Viral Infections/Infeccoes virais", "Coronavirus", "Sleep-Wake Cycle Rhythm/Ritmo ciclo-vigilia", "Biological Clocks/Relogios biologicos" and the Boolean operator "and/e". Results and Discussion: Insomnia and sleep-wake cycle changes have been quite evident among the population and were mainly aggravated by the increase of anxiety and depressive symptoms taking place during the pandemic. Students have gone through major routine changes disrupting their daily activities, such as physical activities, class schedules, and use of electronic equipment, which in turn accentuate sleep problems affecting their academic performance and learning. Conclusion: The pandemic has changed many habits and routines, with students among those who were affected the most, both in terms of psychological disorders affecting quality of sleep, as well as irregular sleep that itself influences cognition and learning. Insomnia has proved to be frequent in the population, and its effects on the body, especially regarding the immune system and emotional regulation are not favourable for confronting the new coronavirus.


Abstract A retrospective study over a 6-year period was undertaken to determine the trend in age at booking for antenatal care at West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust and to investigate the relationship between maternal age at booking for antenatal care and mode of delivery. Between 2006 and 2011, there was an 80% increase in the number of women over the age of 40 years booking for antenatal care. The overall caesarean section rate in this cohort of women increased from 34.6% in 2006 to 53.7% in 2011, comprising of an increase in both elective and emergency caesarean sections. It appears that increasing maternal age may explain a significant proportion of the rising caesarean section rate in our unit.


In this paper we show that groups of transformations defined on antidiscrete topological spaces are the only ones among pseudogroups. It means that if a topological structure of a pseudogroup is the weakest then an algebraic structure of this pseudogroup is a group.


Queensland, Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. Outdoor workers are regularly exposed to high doses of ultraviolet radiation, and are at increased risk to develop non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. In 2010, a health promotion intervention to improve sun protection among outdoor workers in Queensland commenced. The intervention employed a mixed methods approach and a participatory action research framework.

Fourteen workplaces were recruited from building and construction, rural and farming, local government, and public sector organisations. Management and workers were engaged in cycles of assessment, reflection and discussion, planning, implementation and reassessing, over a 14-month intervention period. Overall, at least one workplace representative from each workplace (range 1-3) and in depth focus groups were held with a subset of workers (range 3-16) to assess sun safe behaviours pre and post intervention.

Workers' attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and willingness to engage in sun protection differed depending on workplace characteristics and support. A familiar theme among workers spoke of sun safety as being "common sense" and the "workers individual responsibility". Often there was a discrepancy in the perceptions of the workers, compared to the view of workplace representatives and the workplaces position or policy on sun safety. In larger workplaces, especially Government Departments, workers were more aware and followed sun safe practices compared to smaller workplaces where sun safety was not a high priority.

These results indicate that a workplace culture which places high values on safety and polices more broadly may also have a positive effect on sun safety among outdoor workers as well. In addition, the specific characteristics of the workplace and the outdoor work tasks influence workers willingness to engage in sun safety measures.


Bereavement is associated with increases in prevalence of mental health conditions and in healthcare utilization. Due to younger age and bereavement by sudden and violent deaths, military widows may be vulnerable to poor outcomes. No systematic research has examined these effects.


In the Qajar era especially with the coming of Naseredin al-Din Shah, political and economic relation of Iran improved with other countries. In this century also among Europe countries, Britain had the most roles. The aim of this survey is an analysis of the history of cultural and political relations with Iran and Britain in the Naseri era (Qajar era).its method is descriptive and we also gather the data by librarian research. The results showed that Iran had a lot of importance for the Britain. In the Naseri era there was a relation in the field of economy, military, culture with the Britain. In the field of economy, because Iran was more suppliers of raw materials, the Britain had more control on Iran economy and it led to getting the concession to the Britain from Iran such as Reuter concession. In the field culture, the foundation of Dar al-Fonoun and the presence of western teachers caused to widespread a series of western science in Iran. Iran and Britain relation in the field of military led to Treaty of Paris that this treaty caused a lot of benefits for Britain


The formation of aggregates plays a key role in shaping soil microenvironment, which in turn influences microbial community structure and organic carbon (C) dynamics in soil. Carbon in large macro-aggregates (>2 mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25–2 mm), and free organic matter (>0.053 mm) was significantly positively correlated with C, lignin, and polyphenols. Carbon in micro-aggregates and fine particles (


Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and chlorpyriphos were monitored in various body parts of goat, sampled from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the goat liver, gizzard and fat samples were contaminated with all the four HCH isomers namely α, β, γ and δ. Heart samples were contaminated only with α (BDL 0.208) and γ (BDL 0.195) isomers of HCH. Whereas, γ (BDL 0.019) and δ (BDL -0.074) isomers of HCH were present in flesh samples. Gizzard samples of goat were contaminated with chlorpyriphos, β-endosulfan (BDL 0.417) and o, p-DDT (BDL -0.194). The maximum levels of HCH, endosulfan, DDT and chlorpyriphos residues in mutton were 0.681, 0.417, 0.194 and 0.469 μg g-1, respectively. Flesh was the least contaminated part in goat. Out of ten gizzard samples analysed only one sample was contaminated with β-HCH, β-endosulfan and o, p-DDT residues and out of 15 fat samples analysed only one sample was contaminated with β-HCH above the maximum residue limit (MRL).


The invention provides a fade-on fade-off LED lighting lamp with adjustable luminance. The lamp is characterized by comprising a 5V direct current power supply, a rectangular pulse generator and pulse width modulating circuit, and a light emitting diode driving circuit, wherein the type of a time-base circuit IC1 in the rectangular pulse generator and pulse width modulating circuit is NE555. In the dark night, eyes are unconformable when the lighting lamp is turned on to full bright or turned off by sudden outage, thus being inconvenient for the study and rest of people, and also having very disadvantageous affect on the human eyes. Is there a possibility to design a lighting lamp which can light gradually when turning on the switch of the lighting lamp, and can go out slowly when the lighting lamp is turned off? If the working mode can be achieved, the physiological requirement of the human eyes can be met as the human eyes are no longer stimulated by strong light in the night. The fade-on fade-off LED lighting lamp adopts the pulse width modulating circuit which can adjust the luminance of the light emitting diode, thus being an energy-saving, economical and practical technical scheme.


It is important to identify the genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships for achieving desirable citrus cultivars. In present investigation IRAP markers were used to determine genetic diversity among 29 citrus genotypes. From 5 used primers, 49 polymorphic bands were amplified. Primers IRAP-1 and IRAP-2 (with 15 and 7 amplified bands), produced maximum and minimum polymorphic bands, respectively. Similarity among samples was calculated using NTsys software and Jaccard coefficient. Rang of similarity was 0.34-0.90 based on polymorphic bands with average of 0.65. Cluster analysis has been done based on Jaccard's similarity matrix and the UPGMA method. Cluster analysis has divided citrus genotypes into five separate groups. According to the similarity matrix results, the lowest similarity (0.34) was belonged to Dansi mandarin and Pommelo and the highest similarity (0.90) was belonged to unknown natural types G74 and Siavaraz orange 3 (G6). In current research Pommelo and mandarin confirmed as true species of citrus in distinct cluster.


Retailing provides a crucial link between producers and consumers in a modern market economy. The performance of this sector has a strong influence on consumer welfare. Retailers not only provide consumers with a wide variety of products, but also a wide range of complementary services (such as assurance of product delivery), which can lead to more informed choice and greater convenience in shopping. They also provide producers with much needed information on consumers demand pattern. Productivity and efficiency in retail operations lowers price level and reduce distortions in the price structure. Through backward and forward linkage, performance of retailing services affects the performance of interlinked sectors such as tourism, recreational and cultural services, manufacturing of consumers goods agro-good producing industries etc. The present paper focus on emerging retail sector in India and how it is getting ready to drive growth.


Objective To determine the ultraviolet absorption (sun-screening effect) for 50% alcohol extracts of 100 Chinese herbal medicine most in use.Methods Scan the samples from 200nm to 400nm by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and contrast them with scutellaria root and sophora flower-bud.Results There are 31 samples in UV-C,10 samples in UV-B and 1 samples in UV-A whose ultraviolet absorption is in the range of 80%~90%.And there are 23 samples in UV-C,11 samples in UV-B whose ultraviolet absorption is more than 90%.Coptis root is a broad-spectrum sun-screening agent.Conclusion The method is the primary screening test of sun-screening agents.It is simple,directly and it can determine a lot of samples at the same time.


The Intercultural Community Intervention Project (ICI Project) is a proposal to generate intercultural community processes that, based on the existing, promote interaction, harmony and social cohesion in territories of high diversity, favoring community integration and training, through the creation of joint and participatory structures in which political representatives, public administration professionals, social entities and citizens can jointly face their challenges.
It provides a highly innovative intervention model by integrating, in a same approach and methodology,the philosophy and praxis of community intervention with those of interculturality and mediation, adapting in its application to the various territorial realities.
The results achieved show the suitability of the model to generate an articulated and participatory response, corroborating its hypothesis that more organized and cohesive communities are better able to face adversities and improve their quality of life.


FIELD: metallurgy; casting. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device for treatment of metal melt using magnetic fields on continuous casting plants. Proposed electromagnetic braking device containing yoke, coil and ferromagnetic core, is installed independently from mould and is made for moving in and out or on mould of continuous casting plant by means of one re-placing device. Such arrangement of electromagnetic braking devices on continuous casting plants eliminates or decreases skewing tendency caused by presence of axial drive along heavy-weight guides requiring large space. EFFECT: facilitated re-equipment of continuous casting plants. 8 cl, 2 dwg


The selection of proposals to be funded under NASA's Space Physics Division Research and Analysis (R&A) Program in fiscal year (FY) 1989 has been completed, and the results of this selection are summarized here.

These proposals were submitted in response to NASA Research Announcement (NRA) NRA-88-OSSA-02, issued in February of this year. The NRA covered most but not all of the Division's R&A programs, as can be seen in Table 1. Basic R&A programs in Heliopsheric Physics, Ionospheric Physics, Magnetospheric Physics, and Solar Physics were reviewed, along with the Cosmic Physics Theory and Data Analysis. Not included in this review were the experimental portion of the Cosmic Physics program, the Suborbital Program (sounding rockets and balloons), and the Solar-Terrestrial Theory Program.


Highways in the United States are at a turning point because of their condition and the cost to repair or replace them. Local public funds for highway construction and repair are not keeping pace with inflation due to reduced purchases of fuel and in some cases constraints on state and local funding, e.g., property tax limits. This paper addresses the funding dilemma by focusing on local financing, including sources of funding, the use of such funds, the range of opportunities for additional sources, and an evaluation of their merits. Based on a review of funding sources and their advantages and disadvantages, we conclude that while there are newly emerging sources such as toll financing, private financing, severance taxes, and others, the suitability of a specific source will necessarily vary. This is because each area has a unique financing philosophy and unique physical characteristics. (Author)


This paper presents the development and application of an H∞ fault detection and isolation (FDI) filter and fault tolerant controller (FTC) for smart structures. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation is obtained to design the full order robust H∞ filter to estimate the faulty input signals. A fault tolerant H∞ controller is designed for the combined system of plant and filter which minimizes the control objective selected in the presence of disturbances and faults. A cantilevered flexible beam bonded with piezoceramic smart materials, in particular the PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate), in the form of a patch is used in the validation of the FDI filter and FTC controller design. These PZT patches are surface-bonded on the beam and perform as actuators and sensors. A real-time data acquisition and control system is used to record the experimental data and to implement the designed FDI filter and FTC. To assist the control system design, system identification is conducted for the first mode of the smart structural system. The state space model from system identification is used for the H∞ FDI filter design. The controller was designed based on minimization of the control effort and displacement of the beam. The residuals obtained from the filter through experiments clearly identify the fault signals. The experimental results of the proposed FTC controller show its e effectiveness for the vibration suppression of the beam for the faulty system when the piezoceramic actuator has a partial failure.


This chapter discusses how a pictor doctus such as Otto Vaenius used figures (putti and angels) in paintings, engravings, and emblems, emphasizing some allegorical iconographies that have been, for the most part, invented by him. As for religious paintings, it is worth noting that, for some pictures, he implicitly refers to various sources, either biblical or exegetical. Many angels and putti are to be found in Vaenius' paintings, designs and emblems. Perhaps his most original one is that of the Triumph of the Catholic Church , intended for humanist viewers, who were likely to meditate on the Catholic Faith. To these erudite eyes, it was clear that angels act as messengers and enlighten the meaning of all the paintings. In the paintings, they are depicted as bridges between an inaccessible and invisible God, and the viewers whose destinies are ephemeral. Keywords: angels; emblems; Otto Vaenius; putti; religious paintings; Triumph of the Catholic Church


Objective To analyze the value of the MRI and ultrasonography(US)in the prenatal diagnosis of absence of cavum septum pellucidum(CSP).Methods Fetal absence of CSP was suspected in 67 pregnant women by prenatal US from January 2009 to June 2011 in Qingdao Women Children Hospital.Prenatal systemic ultrasonography was performed.The findings of prenatal US and MR images were analyzed.Diagnostic accuracy was compared in these 2 imaging studies through the pathological and image data obtained after postpartum/odinopoeia,Results Among the 67 fetuses,there were 31(46.3%) with agenesis of corpus callosum(ACC),22(32.8%) with holoprosencephaly,and 14 suspected to be with isolated absence of CSP.Only 3 fetuses were full-term born,and identified without any obvious congenital abnormality in nervous system.The oldest was 2 years and 1 month old.And they belonged to isolated absence of CSP.According to the pathological and image data after postpartum/odinopoeia,MRI had 100% accuracy in the diagnosis of prenatal CSP,100% for ACC,93.3% for holoprosencephaly and 75% for isolated absence of CSP.Conclusion When the absence of CSP is found in US diagnosis,further examination should be performed continuously and analyzed with gestational weeks.And attention should be paid to its correlation with malformations in central nervous system.For isolated absence of CSP,malformation must be carefully diagnosed.MRI is more accurate in diagnosis for absence of CSP than US.


Objective To train students'divergent thinking and the ability of innovation in functionalexperimental lesson. Methods Ask students to make the assumptions of animals' death and to verify them by anatomy in the experimental test,then to analyze them in multilateral ways. Results This method could heighten studtns'initiative and improve their ability of ob-servation and analysis. On the other hand,divergent thinking could be trained and interest of in-novation could be improved by this way. Conclusion The quality of teaching can be improved by overall analysis of the cause of animals'death


Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare and severe skin reaction with a
high mortality rate. This case report describes a case of toxic epidermal
necrolysis in a 7-year-old patient caused by an adverse drug reaction.


Turbulence in fluid flow is one of the most challenging problems in classical physics. It is a very important research problem because of its numerous implications, such as industrial applications that involve processes using mixtures of components, heat transfer and lubrication and injection of fuel into the combustion chambers and propulsion systems of airplanes. Turbulence in flow presents characteristics that are fully nonlinear and that occur at high Reynolds numbers. Because of the nonlinear nature of turbulent flow, an increase in the Reynolds number implies an increase in the Kolmogorov wave numbers, and the flow spectrum becomes larger in both length and time scales. Because of the variety of frequencies and wave numbers involved in turbulent flows, the computational cost becomes prohibitive. An alternative is to solve part of the frequency spectrum; the other part must be modeled. In this context, the Navier-Stokes equations must be filtered, modeled and solved based on the large eddy simulation (LES) methodology. The part of the spectrum related to the higher frequencies or wave numbers that is not solved must be modeled. In the present work, the [Smagorinsky (1963)] model and the dynamic Smagorinsky model [Germano, Piomelli, and Moin (1991)] were used. The goal is to show the importance of turbulence modeling in the simulation of turbulent flows. The problem of homogeneous isotropic turbulence in a periodic box was chosen. There are several ways to model and simulate this flow, and in the present work, a body force was added to the Navier-Stokes equations in order to model the injection of energy at low wave numbers. Because of the energy cascade, the energy injected to the large structures is transferred to the small structures to achieve the Kolmogorov dissipative scales. When the energy spectrum reaches steady state, it is maintained at equilibrium. Many values were used for the Smagorinsky model constant (Cs), yielding an excessive energy transfer for 1 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia UFU, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica FEMEC, Av.: João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Bl.:5P, CEP: 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Escola de Engenharia Elétrica e Computação, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av.: Universitária, 1488, Qd.: 86, Bl.: A, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brasil 114 Copyright © 2011 Tech Science Press CMES, vol.75, no.2, pp.113-139, 2011 Cs = 0.30 and an insufficient energy transfer for Cs = 0.10. Therefore, energy was accumulated at the higher wave number of the spectrum. The value Cs = 0.18 was determined to be acceptable. This value is the same one that was determined analytically by [Lilly (1992)]. The mean value Cs = 0.12 was determined using the dynamic Smagorinsky model simulation.


,\ resear ·Ir project has been conducted co investigate the impact of the initial air leakage characteristics on the hygrothermal 11,.,formm1c:e of insulated walls retrofitted with rigid ins1�latio11 added either on the wann side or on the cold side of the wood w11f.I'. This paper presents the experimental setup developed to study and document the air leakage patterns. Tlrc• rt!search project involves the construction of a test hut inside an environmental chamber where winter, and then spring, ttc•e1dy-swte conditions are simulated. The methods used to assess the impact of the air leakage characteristics are the three dimensio11al monitoring of temperatures and the two-dimensional monitoring of moisture contents within the assemblies. Temper cu11re 11umi1Vring results are presented using isothenns for the assemblies with no rigid insulation added.


We report phosphinidenes (PR) stabilized by an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chelate. These adducts include the parent phosphinidene, PH, which is accessed via thermolysis of coordinated HPCO. The reported FLP-PH species acts as a springboard to other phosphorus-containing compounds, such as FLP-adducts of diphosphorus (P2) and InP3. Our new adducts participate in thermal- or light-induced phosphinidene elimination (of both PH and PR, R = organic group), transfer P2 units to organic substrates, and yield the useful semiconductor InP at only 110 °C from solution.


The historical and modern aspects of understanding of pedagogical rhetoric are examined. The main modern conceptions of understanding of pedagogical rhetoric are analysed as well as its object, subject and aim and its role both among branches of science studying speech and in the system of professional training of teachers. The experimental programme of teaching in pedagogical rhetoric is suggested.


A new cage-type alkaloid, asparagamine A (1), was isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae). The relative stereostructure was elucidated by spectroscopic, chemical and single crystal X-ray analyses as a novel polycyclic pyrrolizidine derivative.


Abstract Few Ti alloys have been designed for ease of sintering. This paper considers the design of alloys for processing using the mixed elemental technique, in which powders are mixed, cold pressed in a die to near net shape and sintered under vacuum at high temperature. The authors describe steps in the process of developing a Ti–Ni–Sn alloy, able to be sintered to near full density at a sintering temperature as low as 1100°C without requiring unusually fine powder or high compaction pressure. Higher sintering temperature allows the Ni content of the alloy to be reduced, but swelling of the alloy probably imposes an upper limit on practical sintering temperature. The increase in green density, and hence sintered density, conferred by Sn in Ti–Sn alloys, and the increase in sintered density due to the high diffusivity of Ni in Ti–Ni alloys, are combined in Ti–Ni–Sn alloys.


This article concerns with the implementation of a computational framework for numerical simulations of the kinetics of reactions induced by radiation via water radiolysis in iron salts and the comparison with experimental results which allowed the study of the effect of low temperatures in such contexts. A clear dependence of the absorbed dose with the temperature was observed for the iron salt, in particular at liquid nitrogen temperature. This model has a temperature-dependent source term that is a linear function of the radiation dose intensity. Finally, the agreement of the theoretical predictions with the experimental results suggests that the model is reliable for predicting the behavior of the frozen solutions not addressed experimentally in this paper for dose evaluations. These features make it attractive for application to different samples and circumstances.


The aim of this paper is to estimate spatio-temporal parameters of an individual based model of Trichogramma female foraging behaviour in a mass rearing system. The system consists of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trich-ogrammatidae) and the host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This paper deals with the analysis of the foraging behaviour of single females. We used direct visual observation for building an ethogram with the following behavioural states: searching, drumming, drilling, oviposition and host-feeding. We estimated the distribution of the time spent in the behavioural states using the gamma distribution and built a transition probability matrix between the behavioural states. The mean time duration for searching, drumming, drilling and oviposition was similar for all behavioural states in our experiments and amounted to half of a minute. Host feeding, however, lasted more than 2 min. An image analysis system was used to record the paths of single Trichogramma females foraging on a spatial lattice arrangement of host eggs. Paths were analysed using a vector autocorrelation function. The velocity vector was analysed separately for the speed and directional components. The analysis showed a short time memory for the directional process and a negligible memory for the speed component. We used a stochastic differential equation, an Ornstein Uhlenbeck-process, for modelling the directional changes. We then combined it with the information about the speed changes and obtained simulated paths. Visual assessment with recorded paths showed good agreement; the characteristic loops and circlings, as well as the longer meanders were faithfully represented. The theoretical and simulated processes overestimated the mean squared displacement in the first few hundred seconds but provided a good fit thereafter.


E-voting systems are becoming popular with the widespread use of computers and embedded systems. Security is the vital issue should be considered in such systems. This paper is dealing with the convenient and secured voting machine, which is useful to the voters and society. Two major features of this voting machine is to make the voting system convenient and secured by using few hardware and software resources. Most of people will fail to vote because the voting station where the person was registered to vote might be very far and due to some of the security issues many votes have been wasted. All such problems can be solved by our proposed voting system. We have designed voting system using RFID tag, RFID reader as authentication purpose, and voting machine is designed using microcontroller and other input and output devices and GSM technology. Here in this proposed system people belonging to any place or city can be able to vote from any place or city which is nearby to them. All the voting information is sent to one central station via GSM so that the data obtained will be secured here even if it lost in respective stations. Hence voting efficiency can be increased so that the eminent and good leader can be elected for the better India.


The development and effective application of Fog Computing technologies require the most complex tasks related to the management and processing of huge data sets, including the tasks of rational construction of low-level networks that ensure the functioning of end devices within the IoT concept. The article describes the use of graph theory methods to solve such problems. The proposed graph model can provide the ability to determine the basic properties of systems, networks, and network devices within the concept of Fog Computing, the optimal characteristics, and ways to maintain them in working condition. This paper shows how to plot graphs, and then customize the display to add labels or highlighting to the graph nodes and edges of pseudo-random task graphs which can be used for evaluating Mobile Cloud, Fog and Edge computing systems. The graphs are described and visualized in Matlab code. Each task has an amount of computational work to perform, expressed in Megacycles per second. Each edge has an amount of data to transfer between tasks, expressed in kilobits or kilobytes of data. The set can be used by researchers to evaluate cloud/fog/edge computing systems and computational offloading algorithms. The task graphs can be used in single-user systems, where one mobile device accesses a remote server, or in multi user systems, where many users access a remote server through a wireless channel.


The private sector plays an important and often predominant role in providing healthcare products and services in many developing countries. As such, there is a strong rationale and growing interest in public health development programmes to promote the private sector as a constructive partner to deliver healthcare products and services, and for development organizations to increasingly look to the private sector as a vehicle for delivering essential services to hard-to-reach underserved populations in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this paper is to share key lessons learned for designing and implementing sustainable public health development projects utilizing a market development approach by: i) exploring the rationale for promoting the private health sector; ii) outlining lessons learned and key principles for designing and implementing programmes that work with commercial private healthcare actors; and iii) outlining opportunities for promoting commercial sustainability of healthcare products an...


The study aimed at analyzing a comprehensive account of the dominant type of article errors, finding out the causes of errors, and determining appropriate pedagogical approaches to reduce the errors in students' descriptive writing tasks. The analysis was based on the Surface Structure Taxonomies of errors comprising omission, addition, and substitution. The data were collected from written samples encountered by 40 first-semester students of Plantation Management, Samarinda State Polytechnic of Agriculture. One of five different topics should be chosen and written by the student in approximately forty-five minutes. The study's results revealed three types of English article errors that emerged in students' writing involving omission as the dominant English article error type, addition, and substitution as the second and the third one. The cause of errors emerging in the students' writing was the first language interference (Indonesian) that strongly influences the process of foreign language (English) acquisition of the articles due to the differences in rules between Indonesian and English structures. Pedagogical implications included a contrastive comparison between languages that may improve learners' ability to instantly recognize differences in article usage between their language systems, conducting simple writing tasks as routine exercises for students, error correction in a flexible way, providing English reading materials and encouraging learners to read the materials extensively.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has finalized an update to its national air quality standards for harmful fine particle pollution, including soot, a move health and environmental advocates heralded as "an important win for the American people and our environment."


This article discusses how to evaluate the relative merits of tapered roller-bearing vs. ball-bearing idlers for use in belt conveyors. Considered are: bearing load capacity; bearing life; bearing life under misalignment conditions; relubricatable vs. factory sealed idlers; relubrication frequency, and rotational resistance. Each of these factors are discussed and some criteria are provided for selecting the best belt conveyor idler for a material handling application.


The wvitev reviewed and set up a conclusion that there are problems of library professional title assessment during these ten years and analyzed that both subjective cause and objective cause are among the existing problems.Some ideas about improving the job of library professional title assessment are given afterwards.


By comparative study for supersonic combustion experiments both in clean airstream and vitiation airstream,typically simulating the combustor entrance condition of Mach 4 flight,individual and combined influence of H2O and CO2 vitiation on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance was investigated.The total temperature,total pressure,oxygen mole fraction and fuel equivalence ratio are matched between the test runs with clean airstream and vitiation airstream.Hydrogen fueled combustion experiments were conducted in clean air and vitiation air of various levels,under two equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42,respectively.The H2O vitiation levels examined were expected to be 7.5%,18% and 26%,respectively.The CO2 vitiation levels examined were expected to be 3.0% and 7.5% respectively.The experimental results suggest that the combustion induced pressure rise can be significantly inhibited by H2O and/or CO2 vitiation.The direct extrapolation of vitiated test results to flight condition may possibly result in overfueling combustion,even inlet unstart.The H2O and/or CO2 vitiation also influence the shock waves in the isolator,resulting in the tendency of supersonic combustion mode.


A rapid,accurate and economic XRFS method for the analysis of Si-Al-Fe alloy is described in this paper.The sample powder is directly pressed into discs and quantitative analysis.A method of matrix correction is also presented.


Programming languages like Fortran or C define exactly the layout of array elements in memory. Programmers often use that definition to access the same memory via variables declared as arrays of different types. This is done, for instance, to access a slice of larger array or to access data as a linear array, so that subscript computation is simpler giving performance improvements on some architectures and allowing the use of single procedure to perform some operation (e.g., copying) on variables of different types. For many real programs this practice makes changing the layout of an array impossible without violating the semantics of the program since the same memory block may be accessed via a variable of a different type---such an access will now receive wrong array elements. .pp On the other hand, changing array layout is often necessary to obtain good parallel performance or even to improve sequential performance by providing better cache locality. The techniques that achieve that range from manually inserted array distribution directives to automatic compiler transformations. .pp Our paper demonstrates that the problem of changing array layouts in the presence of multiple variables of different types accessing the same memory can be solved with our algorithms for 1) detecting overlapping arrays, 2) using procedure cloning to reduce overlapping, 3) array type coercion, and 4) code structure recovery. We describe the algorithms used in our compiler and present experimental results showing speedups which are not possible with other techniques.


ENaC expression (mRNA and protein) while pinacidil (K ATP activator) upregulated it. ENac expres- sion could also be regulated after changes in Na + and K + fluxes (with ouabain, valinomycin, monensin). To further study the ENaC regulation mechanisms, we tested the impact of the K + channel modulators on ENaC promoter activity in transfected A549 cells. We found a 2-fold increase in ENaC promoter activity following pinacidil treatment. Regulation of ENaC channel by K + transport is a new avenue and could be of great ben-efit for the resolution of lung pathologies characterized by ion and fluid transport dysfunction. Financial support of NSERC OBJECTIVE: There is considerable genetic variation in asthma suscepti- bility and in response to glucocorticoids, the most commonly used asthma therapeutic. There is also variable asthma susceptibility between Balb/c (hyperresponsive) and C57BL/6 (hyporesponsive) mice. The objective of this study was to determine whether these mouse strains also exhibit vari- ant GC responsiveness. METHODS: Mice were subjected to OVA sensitization followed by intranasal administration of budesonide. Airway responsiveness to metha- choline was measured in anesthetized mechanically ventilated animals. Real-time PCR was used to quantify lung GR and IPO13 (mediates nuclear import of GR) mRNA. Plasma IgE was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Both Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice had significantly increased respiratory resistance following OVA challenge. Budesonide treatment improved pulmonary function of C57BL/6 but had no effect on Balb/c mice. OVA-induced IgE levels were several fold higher in Balb/c compared to C57BL/6. While budesonide treatment normalized IgE levels in C57BL/6 mice, IgE in Balb/c mice remained unchanged. OVA sensitization lead to significant reduction in IPO13 and GR mRNA levels in both mouse strains. Budesonide treatment restored IPO13 mRNA in C57BL/6 mice to control levels and stimulated GR mRNA to 3-fold over control. In Balb/c mice, budesonide restored GR and IPO13 mRNA to control levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a significant difference in steroid responsiveness in C57BL/6 vs. Balb/c mice. The resistance to exogenous steroid observed in the Balb/c mice may reflect a dysregulation of handling of endogenous steroid which in turn may contribute to hyper- responsiveness. BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key Th2 mediator in asthma pathogenesis. While the IL-13 receptor (IL-13R), comprised of the IL-4R α and IL-13R α 1 subunits, is expressed by various hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cells including dendritic cells (DC), airway smooth muscle (ASM) and airway epithelial cells, functional IL-13Rs are not expressed on T cells. We are interested in defining mechanism(s) by which IL-13 regulates T cell function and pathogenesis in experimental asthma. HYPOTHESIS: T cell specific overexpression of IL-13 enhances DC maturation, host T cell recruitment and ASM remodeling in the airways of rats with experimental asthma. METHODS: We have developed methodology to produce high titer recombinant retroviruses with the ability to transduce primary ovalbumin (OVA)-specific Brown Norway (BN) rat CD4+ T cells. We will generate gene-modified CD4+ T cells overexpressing IL-13 and the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) marker. Following retroviral transduction, gene-modified T cells will be purified magnetically, FACS-sorted and then adoptively transferred into naïve BN rats that will subsequently be challenged with OVA on three occasions. We will assess the effects of T cell- specific IL-13 overproduction on several of the classic pathological features of asthma including (1) airway eosinophilic inflammation, (2) mucus production and (3) ASM remodeling. We will also examine its role in (4) DC maturation in the lungs and draining lymph nodes, as well as (5) host T cell recruitment to the lungs. SIGNIFICANCE: These studies will define the role of IL-13 in the abil- ity of adoptively transferred T cells to induce pathogenesis in experimental asthma. BACKGROUND: Asthma and allergic rhinitis may result from a similar allergen-induced inflammatory process, but to determine possible mechanisms by which the PURPOSE: the of challenges on upper and lower airway inflammation in rhinitic subjects with or without asthma. METHODS: Thirty-six subjects with allergic rhinitis were recruited: 21 mild asthmatics (A) and 15 non-asthmatics (R). Subjects underwent a nasal control challenge with normal saline followed by 4 consecutive daily aller- gen challenges. At each challenge day, increasing allergen dilutions were sprayed into each nostril until a positive response occurred. Induced spu- tum (IS) and nasal lavage (NL) with differential cell counts were obtained 7 hours following the control, the first and the last challenge. RESULTS: No difference between groups was observed in the percentage of IS and NL eosinophils at any points (p>0.05). No change in the per- centage of IS eosinophils was observed after one and 4 days of challenge compared with control day (p>0.05), but some subjects (A=4 (19%) and R=3 (20%)) had an increase ( ≥ 2%) after the first and/or the last challenge. An increase in the percentage of NL eosinophils was observed after 4 days of challenge compared with control challenge (mean±SEM: 16.9±23.0% vs 3.8±9.6%; p<0.05), but not after 1 day (8.8±17.1%; p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated nasal allergen challenge is effective to induce upper airway inflammation, but only induces lower airway inflam- mation in about one in 5 subjects. The presence or absence of asthma did not appear to make a difference. in close association with resi-dent cells, such as fibroblasts, raising the possibility of cross talk between these two types of cells. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of T cells interaction with bronchial fibroblasts on IL-6 production. METHODS: Bronchial fibroblasts were isolated from mild asthmatics and non atopic healthy controls. T cells were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy and asthmatic subjects. Co-culture of confluent healthy (BNF) or asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (BAF) with T cells were performed in presence or absence of blocking antibody anti CD18. RESULTS: Direct contact of T cells significantly stimulated IL-6 production by both BNF and BAF. This effect was significantly higher in BAF than BNF (881±113.39%vs 452.70±92.40%; p=0,02). Coculture with anti-CD18 showed a significant inhibition of IL-6 expression in BAF (881±113.39% vs 517.35±162.97%; p=0.03) but, not in BNF (452.70±92.40% vs 429.13±80.93%). ICAM-1 expression on fibroblasts showed a high BAF expression compared to BNF (62.33±5.73% vs 43.27±5.6%; p=0.05). Twenty four and forty eight hours of coculture also leads to activation of T cells from both asthmatic (24h: 8.13±1.74% vs 19.85±4.55%; 48h: 8.58±1.06% vs 34.44±5.76%) and healthy donors (24h: 7.58±0.72% vs 21.39±3.96%; 48h: 7.14±1.17% vs 24.44±4.72%). CONCLUSION: Cellular interaction particularly between T cells and fibroblasts play an important role in the amplification of the inflammatory response in asthma. les deux conditions. En fin d'effort (iso-temps-100%), la chute de la FMV était significativement corrélée avec la différence de ventilation entre l'état fatigué et non-fatigué (r=0.70, P =0.036). Enfin, la diminution de force avait tendance à être corrélée avec la diminution du temps d'endurance (r=0.60 ; P=0.087). CONCLUSION : La fatigue des membres inférieurs est associée à une charge ventilatoire supplémentaire en fin d'effort. Although pressure support ventilation (PSV) promotes inspiratory muscle unloading, it also downregulates respiratory drive and deactivates inspira- tory muscles. During higher intensity exercise, COPD patients exhibit a plateau in their transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) secondary to dynamic hyperinflation and reduced diaphragm neuromechanical coupling, whereas diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) continues to increase. We hypothesized that inspiratory muscle unloading with PSV would result in a greater diaphragm deactivation in COPD patients compared to healthy individuals. AIM: To compare the effect of PSV on EAdi suppression and mechanical output in such subjects. METHODS: Ten patients (FEV1: 49±13% pred) and nine healthy subjects breathed for six minutes each with 0 and 10 cm H2O of PSV at rest and during 40% and 60% of their maximum exercise workload. RESULTS: PSV increased minute ventilation (VE) in both healthy subjects (P=0.004) and COPD patients (P<0.001); healthy subjects reached a higher VE with PSV than patients during exercise (P=0.03). With increased exercise intensity, COPD patients had larger EAdi and smaller Pdi increases than healthy individuals. PSV application during exercise reduced both EAdi and Pdi in healthy subjects, thus preserving diaphragm neuromechanical coupling, whereas in COPD patients it resulted in greater EAdi deactivation, improving coupling. The larger the EAdi exhibited without PSV, the greater the resulting EAdi suppression that was achieved with PSV (r=0.57, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: PSV during exercise results in greater EAdi downregu-lation and improved neuromechanical coupling in COPD patients com- pared to healthy individuals. Current guidelines recommend treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) for patients at risk of developing active TB. Physicians must weigh the benefits of TB prevention against the risk of adverse events. Our objective was to determine rates of adverse events, hospitalization and completion associated with LTBI therapy. A historical cohort of all Québec residents dispensed at least 30 days of LTBI therapy between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2003 was con-structed using the provincial healthcare databases. For each case, two age and sex matched controls were identified. Rates of therapy completion, hospitalization, and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: Over 6 years, 9,393 Québec residents were dispensed at lea