Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a global health problem, with 2.1 million new infections globally in 20151 and 455 newly diagnosed cases in Singapore in the same year.2 It is increasingly evident that novel strategies are needed to achieve significant reductions in new HIV infections. These include the use of treatment as prevention (TasP), wherein highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is initiated early after the diagnosis of HIV infection to suppress viral load and reduce infectivity;3 as well as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), where a 4-week course of HAART is administered after high risk exposures to reduce the likelihood of infection.4 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a new and promising addition to the HIV prevention armamentarium, which has heretofore been focused on behavioural risk reduction, and which may have plateaued in effectiveness— as evidenced by the relatively stable incidence of HIV infections despite ongoing prevention efforts. PrEP involves the use of anti-retroviral drugs (primarily the co-formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF] and emtricitabine [FTC] known by its trade name Truvada) by HIV-negative individuals who are at high risk of contracting HIV to prevent infection. These populations include men who have sex with men (MSM) that report high risk sexual behaviour, HIV-negative partners in serodiscordant couples and women at-risk. The evidence underpinning the use of PrEP is derived from numerous large, randomised controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy in preventing HIV infection. Of note is that none of the major trials were led or initiated by pharmaceutical companies. Amongst MSM and transgender women, the iPrEx trial of daily-administered PrEP demonstrated an overall reduction of HIV transmission risk of 44%; those with detectable plasma levels of Truvada had a 92% reduction in risk compared to those with undetectable drug levels, underlining the efficacy of PrEP when therapy was adhered to.5 The French and Canadian iPERGAY trial of on-demand PrEP (taken before, then 24 and 48 hours after each sexual act) showed that MSM randomised to receive Truvada had a 85% risk reduction of HIV infection compared


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mortality rates of 566,602 patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on sex, age, and the presence or absence of underlying diseases and determine whether the underlying disease provides prognostic information specifically related to death. Methods: The mortality rate was evaluated using conditional probability to identify the significant factors, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using a multivariable logistic regression analysis were estimated. Results: The mortality rate of patients with underlying health conditions was 12%, which was 4 times higher than that of patients without underlying health conditions. Furthermore, the mortality rates of women and men with underlying health conditions were 5.5 and 3.4 times higher than the mortality rates of patients without underlying health conditions, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis including sex, age, and underlying health conditions, male sex (OR: 1.83), age ≥ 41 y (ORs > 2.70), and underlying health conditions (OR: 2.20) were confirmed as risk factors for death. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to older patients with underlying diseases and male patients with underlying diseases as the probability of death in this population was significantly higher.


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Syed Ghufran Hashmi Name of the doctoral dissertation Towards metal free counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells Publisher School of Science Unit Department of Applied Physics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 41/2014 Field of research Photovoltaics, Micro and nanotechnology, Renewable energy Manuscript submitted 17 January 2014 Date of the defence 16 May 2014 Permission to publish granted (date) 11 March 2014 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract This thesis provides a technical overview of results from addressing the critical steps in preparing counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) on flexible substrates (mainly plastics) to pave the way towards low-cost DSCs. The aim was to develop low-temperature counter electrode inks and pastes that could be suitable for high volume manufacturing processes. A special focus was given on the mechanical stability (flexibility and adhesion) of the materials that were deposited through a low-temperature route.This thesis provides a technical overview of results from addressing the critical steps in preparing counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) on flexible substrates (mainly plastics) to pave the way towards low-cost DSCs. The aim was to develop low-temperature counter electrode inks and pastes that could be suitable for high volume manufacturing processes. A special focus was given on the mechanical stability (flexibility and adhesion) of the materials that were deposited through a low-temperature route. Different low temperature inks and pastes based on carbon composites were tested as a replacement to expensive platinum nanoparticles based catalyst layer and showed good mechanical stability, comparable photovoltaic performance and low charge transfer resistance in complete dye-sensitized solar cells. Indium doped tin oxide (ITO) layer that is normally used as a conductor on plastic substrates was successfully replaced with a single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film deposited as a low-temperature curable ink on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate. The SWCNT films exhibited remarkably good mechanical stability when subjected to bending and tape adhesion tests. Coating the film with a thin layer of conducting polymer poly (3, 4ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) increased its catalytic performance comparable to a reference platinum counter electrode. Relevant to scaling up DSC preparation, a two way electrolyte filling method was studied as a means to suppress performance losses that occur due to non-homogenous distribution of electrolyte components. The method enhanced the photovoltaic performance of a segmented measurement cell by up to 42% compared to traditional one way filling of the electrolyte. The aforementioned results provide pathways for the future development of robust flexible counter electrodes that can be beneficial especially from the perspective of high throughput roll-to-roll processing of flexible DSCs on polymer substrates.


In this paper we consider anisotropic S=1/2 antiferromagnets through a projected fermion description. The success of projected fermion methods for the isotropic system is reviewed. We present an analytical approximation to Gutzwiller approximation and illustrate it's use by showing that it is consistent with the SU(2) symmetry of projected fermions. The anisotropic antiferromagnet is written in terms of a fermion mean field. We consider the case of Ising anisotropy and show that in the Ising limit a procedure of minimizing the post-projection energy of a fermion mean field state gives the correct Ising ground state.


The content of the concepts of "public administration", "rural area", "integrated rural area development" and "public administration of integrated rural areas development" are determined. The conceptual principles of public administration of the integrated rural area development are substantiated due to the activation of servicing cooperatives to solve the most actual problems of territorial communities. It is determined that its essence consists in administrative decisions by the administrative management through introduction of effective mechanisms, tools and levers of state and regional policy. It is summarized that public administration should be carried out taking into account the project-targeted approach to increase the level of social and economic development of rural communities, rational use of natural resources and preservation of the environment. It is proved that servicing cooperatives are the effective tool for self-organization of community representatives and serve as a unifying center for rural population. Their capabilities are not only in combining of commodity producers to meet economic interests in harvesting, processing and marketing of agricultural products, but they could be engaged also in providing quality services in the spheres of housing and communal services, servicing of communal property, the carry out and utilization of solid household waste, organization of civilized landfills, provision of landscaping. Due to the public-private partnership the local self-government bodies could be delegate some of their powers to cooperatives and support them through financing of measures of social and economic programs of integrated development of rural areas.


In this work, Al/Al2O3 nanocomposite thin film is deposited on Si substrate by radio frequency sputtering to form a metal-insulator-semiconductor structure. It is found that the current conduction at low fields is greatly enhanced with temperature. The current increase can be attributed to the decrease in the tunneling resistance and/or the formation of some tunneling paths due to the release of some measurement-induced charges trapped in the thin film as a result of increase in the temperature. The current conduction evolves with a trend toward a three-dimensional transport as the temperature increases.


This paper examines findings from a case study of Sisterhood Indonesian Fisherwomen Organization (PPNI) and their innovative action to address multiple problems of women in the fisheries. In the fisheries and the fishing community, women make an important contribution. Unfortunately, the role of women in the fisheries sector has long been underestimated, invisible, and particularly marginalized. Moreover, women are also facing multiple burdens in terms of poverty, climate crisis and socio-political challenges. By using qualitative approach, this paper focuses on the empowerment strategy and initiative conducted by PPNI and its members to resolve the problems faced by the fisherwomen. PPNI consisted of sixteen local artisanal fisherwomen organizations in the islands of Indonesia. In most cases, the livelihoods of fisherwomen are often constrained by poor access to market and limited entrepreneurial skill for producing value added products, as well as limited participation on the regulation process. PPNI also provide activities including livelihood diversification, community education, advocacy, coastal meeting, and capacity building from local to international level program. This paper also explores the innovative action of PPNI's members in Central Java and East Java to struggle in order to get recognition and legitimacy as fisherwomen and obtain a legal identity. This paper argues that members' deliberation is the key success of PPNI's initiatives. Further, to tackle their problems and to handle common interests, PPNI establish norms to be followed and use their social, economic, and knowledge capital. PPNI also massively builds engagement with other non-governmental organizations and the government to work cooperatively in order to provide social acceleration and social protection for women in the fisheries sector. Annisa Meutia Ratri The Indonesian Institute of Sciences/LIPI email@example.com Susan Herawati People's Coalition for Fisheries Justice/KIARA firstname.lastname@example.com The Empowerment of Women in Contemporary Indonesia UCLA | February 8-9, 2019 Women's Environmental Leadership in Urban Agriculture


The Havemann-Taylor Fast Radiative Transfer Code (HT-FRTC) is a fast radiative transfer model based on Principal Components. Scattering has been incorporated into HT-FRTC which allows simulations of aerosol as well as clear-sky atmospheres. This work evaluates the scattering scheme in HT-FRTC and investigates dust-affected brightness temperatures using in-situ observations from Ice in Clouds Experiment – Dust (ICE-D) campaign. The ICE-D campaign occurred during August 2015 and was based from Cape Verde. The ICE-D campaign is a multidisciplinary project which achieved measurements of in-situ mineral dust properties of the dust advected from the Sahara, and on the aerosol-cloud interactions using the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft.


Piano spectrum recognition system (PSRS) for the smart piano guiding framework is designed and implemented in this paper. Here, the Fourier transform method is used to analyze the difference between the frequency spectrum of the piano and other musical instruments. After analysis, it can be known that each musical instrument has its corresponding frequency multiplier amplitude, which can be recognized by extracting its timbre characteristic matrix and distinguish the timbre of different musical instruments. Also, the spectrum sensing algorithm is developed to establish a digital piano audio signal multi-source information acquisition model, and the system is implemented with the integration of efficiency estimation.


Identifies three main player types in the European snackfood industry: followers, fliers and financiers. Describes the characteristics of each group. Analyses the forces for change as: macro forces, market forces and industry forces. Suggests what the response to these forces for change should be and proposes strategies for success and survival for each player group.


Changes in the rate of cement hydration affect the rate of concrete compressive strength formation. Under certain conditions, an increase in the cement hydration rate improves the concrete compressive strength. This is especially true for reactive powder concretes. The paper studies the effect of micellar solutions, consisting of a mixture of a micelle-forming surfactant and compounds of transition elements. A feature of the study was investigating the simultaneous effect of micelle-forming surfactants and compounds of transition elements on the change in the concrete strength. The study found that given micellar solutions and compounds of transition elements alter the nature of the concrete strength formation, namely increase the rate of strength formation of reactive powder concretes in the initial period due to micellar catalysis of cement hydration and maintain increased compressive strength at later stages of hardening through the impact of compounds of transition elements, formation of minerals, containing high amount of chemically-bound water. It is proved that micellar catalysis can be used to control the processes of cement hardening and strength formation of artificial stone, produced in the cement hydration, thereby reducing the time to achieve the concrete design strength and increasing the absolute value of compressive strength of such concretes at 28 days using compounds of transition elements.


The observation and the understanding of frustration effects in superconducting networks have promoted extensive studies in this field since 1983. Perhaps the major impact of this subject results from the direct correspondence between the Ginzburg-Landau equation for the superconducting transition and the Schrödinger equation. This duality makes these systems excellent model systems for accurate testing of general properties of the electronic states on artificial lattices. Thees studies have been extended in two directions : measuremnts of fiux quantization in self similar or quasiperiodic networks, investigation of the mixed state and equilibrium magnetization below Tc. Measurements have also been performed on the magnetoresistance of various periodic and non periodic networks in the weak localization regime. Comparison with theoretical prediction based upon the A.A.S. model and its extension by Douçot and Rammal to arbitrary networks, provides a very accuratetest of the weak localization theory in periodic as well as self similar networks. The most recent developments in this field are reviewed, in this paper.


We introduce a new equivalence relation on the set of all polygonal billiards. We say that two billiards (or polygons) are order equivalent if each of the billiards has an orbit whose footpoints are dense in the boundary and the two sequences of footpoints of these orbits have the same combinatorial order. We study this equivalence relation with additional regularity conditions on the orbit.


In order to solve some key problems occurred in hydraulic projects which are completed and during construction, based on the characteristics of high dams and super high dams, as well as dams with defects, the paper discussed the current research on concrete dams, earth dams and face-slab rock fill dams. What's more, the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and the further research needed was pointed out, for reference.


A study was conducted on fly ash mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and sodium silicate (waterglass) as alkaline activators for producing a geopolymer. This research studied the effect of the oxide molar ratios of Si02/Al2O3, water content of the alkaline activator and the waterglass per cent for each alkaline-activator/fly-ash ratio. Fly ash-based geopolymer samples with different alkaline activator (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) weight ratios were prepared at a constant curing temperature of 70°C, a curing time of 24 hour and total additional water content of approximately 17% sample weight. The compressive strength test results for the samples produced with a 15 M sodium hydroxide solution and 7 days aging indicated increased compressive strength with increased sodium silicate content, but there was no significant change in workability in the mixing and moulding steps during sample preparation. Increasing the waterglass content in the activator significantly increased the geopolymerisation reaction rate, and increasing the water content provided more dissolution of the SiO2 and Al2O3 species.


N. S. Baboolal (E-mail: email@example.com) is Lecturer, and H. D. Maharajh (E-mail: email@example.com) is Senior Lecturer, Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West-Indies, Trinidad. M. Konings (E-mail: email@example.com) is affiliated with Psychiatric Hospital PMS Vijverdal, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and is Research Assistant, Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of West-Indies, Trinidad. Address correspondence to: N. S. Baboolal at the above address.


For the determination of trace elements in neutron irradiated selenium by gamma-ray spectrometry the separation of the matrix activity Is often necessary, in model experiments the decontamination of cation and anion impurities from the matrix Solution was investigated by the counter current ion migration. After a processing of 3 hm the trace activities of Co, Cr, Ga, Na and Zn were decontaminated from Se with a factor of > 10 3. For the trace element= As and Te representing the anionic comtltuent~, a decontamination factor of 3 �9 10 2 was obtained.


This study seeks to examine the perceived effects between self and others in terms of both positive and negative video game. One hundred and sixty-four participants participated in the study and filled out questionnaires. Following assumptions of the third-person effect, the results showed that participants perceived others as more vulnerable to the negative effects of video games. Social distance also has effect on the magnitude of the third-person effect. The positive effects of video games yielded mixed results. Possible explanations are provided in the discussion.

 Key words: Video games, positive effects, perceived influence, negative effects, third person effect.


ABSTRACT A survey of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) was carried out in Northern Greece. Five treatments (including control) were applied: Metaflumizone 24%, Teflubenzuron 15%, and biological factors such as Bacillus thuringirensis and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The results showed that the above mentioned biological factors can be used successfully enough in controlling L. dispar Particularly the entomopathogenic nematode S. carpocapsae, which was used for the first time in Greece against L. dispar, has a great potential as a control agent against this pest, since its performance could be improved by admixture of polyhedrosis viruses. In addition to this comparative analysis, the genetic variation between two populations from Northern Greece was assessed for the first time, in order to detect possible implications during the application of control measures. Intraspecific variation remained very low, which could be attributed to the high dispersal rate of the gypsy moth, in concert with the continuous distribution range due to the large number of potential host plants. Consequently, control measures could be applied uniformly since intraspecific diversity could not account for a "population-based" application of control agents.


OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the variability and time resource utilization of bedside 3-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular volume analysis (3D-LVVA) in congenital heart disease (CHD). Background. There are currently limited data on the resource utilization and variability of 3D-LVVA in the CHD.

METHODS
Four reviewers of varying experience levels were timed performing 15 on-scanner 3D-LVVAs. Inter- and intraobserver variability for left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV), and ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated.

RESULTS
Median age was 12.7 years (0.6-33 years). Diagnoses were: normal (n = 4), cardiomyopathy (n = 4), ventricular septal defect (n = 2), and atrioventricular canal, tricuspid atresia, bicuspid aortic valve, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart transplant (n = 1 each). For interobserver variability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all possible combinations of reviewers were: LVEDV, 0.991-0.999 (P < .01); LVESV, 0.98-0.99 (P < .01); LVEF, 0.95-0.98 (P < .01). Bland-Altman plot mean differences (+/-2SD) were: LVEDV, -3 +/- 14%; LVESV, -5.4 +/- 21.4%; LVEF, 1.2 +/- 14.7%. Interobserver variability of LVESV was not dependent on ventricular volumes (P = .25; r(2) = 0.01) or heart rate (P = .43; r(2) = 0.003). For intraobserver variability, ICCs for 2 reviewers were LVEDV, 0.99, 0.99 (P < .01); LVESV, 0.99, 0.99 (P < .01); and LVEF, 0.94, 0.94 (P < .01), respectively. Bland-Altman plot mean differences (+/-2SD) were: LVEDV, -1 +/- 9.2%; LVESV, 0 +/- 19.6%; LVEF, -2.2 +/- 24%.

CONCLUSION
Reviewers with varying experience levels can accomplish 3D-LVVA at the bedside with acceptable inter- and intraobserver reproducibility, providing the rationale for integrating 3D-LVVA into the care of CHD patients.


In a particular embodiment, the memory device is disclosed. The memory device includes a first memory cell and second memory cells. The memory device includes a second bit line associated with the second memory cell and a first bit line associated with the first memory cell. The memory device also coupled to the first memory cell includes a shared source line coupled to the second memory cell.


The digital signal processing (DSP) is a relevant area in the electrical/computer engineering field, since several applications have been observed during the past decades. On the other hand, students have demonstrate difficulties to understand not only the eventual applications, but also its mathematical concepts and theory. Actually, open source packages are available and increasing, but the use of these tools are not very widespread in electrical engineering curric ulum. This paper presents the use of Scilab -Cloud software platform for teaching some fundamentals of digital signal processing in undergraduate level, particularly for electrical engineering curriculum. Therefore, some experiments have carried out with un dergraduate electrical engineering students and a questionnaire answered by them evidenced the potential of Scilab -Cloud as an interesting alternative tool to foster and motivate students for learning DSP skills.


The article is devoted to problems of defining the notion of autoaggressive behavior of youth population in society of Russia. The author names social, psychological, biological conditions and factors of determination of increasing autoaggression risk. It can be of use for researchers in the field of sociology of risk and sociology of deviations.


Problem. In case high pressure heat exchanger is replaced by hydrodistributor the question of its running arises. The article proposes the method of hydrodistributor running proposed for utilization in the mine air conditioning system. Literature review. Research workers of the Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture possess more than 20 author's patents issued by the state of Ukraine for hydrodistributors. However, this article proposes a more updated hydrodistributor functioning without hydraulic impacts in normal conditions. Aim. The article proposes the method of a device (hydrodistributor) operating without hydraulic impacts in air conditioning systems.The investigation of hydraulic impact using electric model showed that hydraulic impacts that occur as a result of switching fluid currents in hydrodistributor can be technically controlled. In order to perform such control it is necessary to select hydraulic distributor that would allow to perform slow valve lock which would result in weak hydraulic impacts or would prevent them from occurrence.Rubber [2] membranes should be replaced with movable insulating diaphragm whereas sealed tanks should be replaced with rather long pipelines with the amount of pipes increased up to six.Operating schedule of this device is given in Picture 1. Pressure increase during hydraulic impact depends on the type of valve resistance fluctuation and is an effective tool used to soften hydraulic impact that depends on the selection of such valve closure time where the pressure does not exceed the acceptable level. The less the speed loss in the pipeline is, the smaller the pressure increase will be. The lower the speed of valve closure is, in other words, the shorter impact T phase is comparing to the time of full closure of the valve t3, the less the change in the valve closure degree would be according to Δ α / D = T / t 3 during each Δ α / D phase. To ensure ongoing operation of the system during coldbearer supply it is proposed to accept a minimum amount of 6 tanks, three of which will function as a cold bearer supplier supplied to the processed horizon and the other three will return defrosted cold bearer to refrigerating machine (Picture 1b). In [1] with the coefficient of local valve resistance ξ = 0,46 full closure of the valve is performed within 15 sec. With water velocity that equals to 1meter per second head loss in the valve are calculated to be 0,025 m. Insulating membrane covers the distance equal to the length of sealed tank one way per minute. Opening of the valve is performed within 15 seconds, closure will be performed within 15 seconds and the work for the fully closed valve will be performed within 30 seconds the period will be 1 minute.Reliability of the elements combination that the present system represents is determined depending on the reliability of each its element taking into consideration their effect on the system operation. Reliability of the system depends on its elements, their role and the type of reciprocal junction.Conclusion. 1. The economy of heat during the application of the proposed hydraulic distributor in the system of cold bearer of mine air conditioning system distribution will make approximately 30 40 %.With the application of proposed hydraulic distributor in the mine air conditioning system the technical effect lies in the fact that hydraulic impacts are eliminated, mine air conditioning system becomes simplified and more reliable.In the process of choosing hydraulic distributor, its design and structure, the calculation of its performance reliability, graph illustrating conjugation of tanks functioning during liquid distribution (see Pic.1) was performed as well as utilization of total six tanks was decided. Three of them will accept cold bearer from the refrigerator situated at mine's surface and the other three supply it to cooling in the bottomhole directly to air-cooling units. The system will function without hydraulic impacts.In case high pressure heat exchanger is replaced by hydraulic distributor, total electricity economy according to the given costs will be more than UAH 1,5 million per year for one mine with the utilization of one air-cooling unit.


A method is described for the determination of the protein content of milk by steam distillation following addition of NaOH and BaCI2. Excellent agreement was obtained between the protein values as determined by this method and the Official Macro-Kjeldahl procedure.


This thesis addresses the dialectic between the values of capitalism and those of moral economy, and the implications of that dialectic for how people who are engaged in alternative economic practices in Palermo and western Sicily experience their agency. It examines in particular the local commodity network created by people who practised ethical consumption and who worked in fair-trade retail and organic farming. It is based upon fifteen months of fieldwork in the city of Palermo, Sicily's capital, and its rural province, among predominantly lower-middle-class citizens.

In contrast to abstract views of the market logic as the dominant one in industrialised societies, the people of Palermo and western Sicily drew upon numerous values from outside a capitalist belief system to conceptualise the economy as a moral construct. However, the ways in which they did so were mobile, contested and ambiguous, and varied along the lines of production, exchange and consumption. The thesis explores how notions of value, normativity and motivations to behave ethically in economic processes all had to be negotiated through the demands of daily life. It therefore argues that the economic, political, and cultural constraints faced by people striving to build alternative economies cannot be overlooked, thus interrogating ethnographically the central anthropological issue of how and if economies are embedded in social relations.

The thesis begins with an outline of the three main groups of actors—consumers, fair-traders and farmers—and how they embody the recent historical transformations that have taken place in Sicily. It then looks in detail at each group, analysing how agency is played out both at the symbolic and practical level. The final chapter highlights the commonalities and contradictions shown by this local moral economy.


This briefing is part of a continuing series on U.S. manufacturing offshoring and examines what is known about the size and composition of U.S. offshoring activity to China. An accompanying paper described incentives U.S. firms have had to offshore production to China, the world's largest manufacturing economy. These incentives have included cost advantages, scalability options, policy mechanisms, and strategic interests (e.g., securing access to inputs and proximity to fastest‐growing consumer base). This briefing builds upon those findings, by showing that U.S.‐based multinationals have been heavily involved in China's manufacturing revolution. The latest data suggest that U.S. affiliates employed more than 1.7 million workers in China in 2014, nearly half of which were in China's manufacturing sector (e.g., semiconductor firms). It also shows that U.S. firms have invested heavily in their Chinese affiliates' operations, and that as of 2014, U.S. parents' affiliates in China sold more to the local market than U.S. affiliates in Japan, Mexico, and India, combined.


Whilst in recent years there has been an increasing trend to design mobile APPs for foreign language learning, most of the available APPs support mainly one way teacher-to-learner interaction and use mobile devices to deliver content rather than encouraging learners to interact amongst each other. To address this lack and to provide learners with more versatile opportunities to communicate amongst each other, by sharing, assessing and co-constructing their knowledge, we designed an APP based on a highly interactive, ubiquitous and constructive learning approach. This means that learning contents are not just being delivered to our learners but, instead of this, they are being integrated into versatile tasks that although individually performed, affect the community of learners. The current paper presents our first experience using the Guess it! Language Trainer APP. Firstly, we detail how the APP was used to support students' language learning outside the classroom, secondly, how it helped learners to get actively involved in their own learning process by adding themselves content to the knowledge base, and thirdly, we show how the data on students' usage of the APP and participation in the learning process is used to automate the assessment of different competences by the language instructor. A pre-posttest comparison showed very good results on students' language acquisition. This is complemented with the analysis of the system logs that highlight firstly, that students dedicated to playing the APP much longer time than we estimate they usually employ for independent learning and secondly, that they significantly improved their learning outcomes whilst using the APP. Additionally, other objective indicators on proficiency of other skills such as the ability to explain terms in a foreign language or the competence to assess definitions of mates were obtained automatically.


Objective To reduce extrahepatic side effects of ACV in treatment of chronic hepatitis B , the drug was conjugated with lactosaminated poly L lysine (Lac PLL) which selectively enters hepatocyte by Asialoglycoprotein receptor. Methods Lactosylation of the poly L lysine was performed by reductive lactosamination in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. The conjugate Lac PLL ACV was prepared via the ACV imidazolides incubated with lactosaminated poly L lysine at 37 ℃ under pH9.5. Pharmacokinetic properties of the conjugate were studied by determining ACV concentration in plasma and liver by HPLC after intravenously administered to Kunming mice. Results The conjugate was stable in human plasma. After i.v. injection, maximally about 60% of the injected dose was taken up by the liver. The T 1/2 ,AUC, CL values in liver were about 4.2,56.6,1/57 times of the i.v.ACV group.Conclusion The results suggested that the Lac PLL were a suitable carrier for targeting antiviral drugs ACV to liver.


This paper explores the ways in which apology functions as a stance act at public speech events. Rather than focusing on speakers' intentions, in this study I pay attention to indexical meanings as...


The testlet design is very popular in educational and psychological assessments. This article proposes a new cognitive diagnosis model, the multiple-choice cognitive diagnostic testlet (MC-CDT) model for tests using testlets consisting of MC items. The MC-CDT model uses the original examinees' responses to MC items instead of dichotomously scored data (i.e., correct or incorrect) to retain information of different distractors and thus enhance the MC items' diagnostic power. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm was adopted to calibrate the model using the WinBUGS software. Then, a thorough simulation study was conducted to evaluate the estimation accuracy for both item and examinee parameters in the MC-CDT model under various conditions. The results showed that the proposed MC-CDT model outperformed the traditional MC cognitive diagnostic model. Specifically, the MC-CDT model fits the testlet data better than the traditional model, while also fitting the data without testlets well. The findings of this empirical study show that the MC-CDT model fits real data better than the traditional model and that it can also provide testlet information.


The utility model relates to an iron capable of storing electric source line, comprising a case, a chassis, a water storage cruse, an adjustable support bar, an air duct blow head, a steam can device, a water-supply pipe, and a circuit arrangement. The utility model is characterized in that a device capable of storing electric source line is arranged on the chassis, comprising a groove for storing lines which is provided with a fender filament plate in the lower part and a lacing thread plate in the side wall, and one head of the chassis is provided with an adapter groove for storing electric source line. The utility model has the advantage that the electric source line is stored at the chassis of the iron when the iron is not used, which is convenient for collecting and carrying the iron.


Look at the cover of this journal issue. Do you see features that resonate with twenty-first century business? This painting from the 1600s illustrates active lives of buying and selling.1 Yet observe the light that washes across the canvas to illumine the marketplace darkness. Then and now economic exchange meets human needs and shapes community flourishing. Almost four hundred years after this painting's creation our business exchanges do not look like this one. Physical presence may be immaterial to our transactions as we buy apps, information, ideas, and style as well as food. How often now are women, men, children, and animals together in a common economic space? Our organization of producers and sellers is more varied. Financial markets involve global capital flows, not just local currencies. Business in this century is different. Yet do we still not seek light to improve transparency, enable what we construct, and add beauty to business? Abraham Kuyper, a Dutch theologian of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, believed that such light arises from God's common grace. He based this perspective on God's covenant with Noah after the flood, about which he observed that "many people ... admire the rainbow without being aware of the underlying covenant.... We must begin with placing the lofty significance of that Noahic covenant in more radiant light once again."2 Then, building on the ideas of other theologians, including John Calvin, Kuyper thoughtfully distinguished common grace for creation from the saving grace to which Christians respond.3 Kuyper wrote,


Histamine is a chemical mediator released from basophils or mast cells and plays an important role in allergic reactions. The formation ofhistamine from L-histidine is catalyzed by L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC, EC4. 1.1.22) which is localized in various tissues including brain, stomach and fetal liver as well as in basophils and mast cells (1). Recently Joseph et al. isolated HDC cDNA from rat fetal liver cDNA library and determined its nucleotide sequence (2). Here we present the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA coding for human HDC. A cDNA library of human basophilic leukemia cell, KU-812-F (3), was constructed in the Okayama-Berg expression vector (4) and screened with the synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to nucleotide sequence of the rat HDC cDNA (nucleotide residues 547 -596 and 970-1019) (2). One clone


Abstract This paper explores factors influencing smallholder farmers' attitudes towards integrated soil fertility management (ISFM). ISFM is paramount to improve soil fertility for sustainable agricultural productivity, especially in contexts where smallholder agriculture is an important local livelihood and economic activity, as in many countries of the Global South. Alongside the development and availability of new technologies to enhance soil fertility, smallholder farmers' attitudes towards these innovations in specific contexts are key to determining the extent and outcomes of their uptake. A better understanding of these is thus essential to inform measures to increase ISFM practices among smallholder farmers. This study aimed to assess farmers' attitudes towards ISFM and the factors that determined them based on a case study of the Wanka watershed, northwestern Ethiopia, a major cereal-producing area. Using a mixed methods approach, data obtained from a household survey (146 respondents), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple regression model. The findings revealed that the attitudes of smallholder farmers towards ISFM in the study area were generally positive, as they considered ISFM compatible with agronomic principles and important to increase agricultural productivity sustainably. The extent of farmers' farming experience, the length of time of applying chemical fertilizer, the number of livestock, and the size of plots were found to be significant predictors of attitudes towards ISFM. The study concludes that considering these factors can better inform interventions designed to enhance farmers' choice of ISFM technologies for improved soil fertility management and sustainable crop production in the study area and other contexts.


Home education researchers have studied many facets of home schooling in America. They have studied the academic progress, the social interactions, the college acceptance and the characteristics of adults who were home schooled. But in spite of the fact that many home educators consistently claim they home school because they want to pass on their faith, there are no major studies and few research questions that link the method to religious values acquisition. This action research report discusses the results of an online survey of 1693 home-educated adults and parents of home-educated adults who were asked questions about whether home schooling was effective in passing on the faith commitments of the parents. The survey determined 95% of parents and 85% of students believed home education was an important key to the religious values acquisition, and 90% of parents and 94% of students felt the faith taught by the parents was indeed adopted by the students. Since the sample was self-selected and not randomly selected, little can be definitively stated; further study is suggested to confirm or disprove my findings. Document Type Thesis Degree Name Master of Education (MEd) Department Graduate Education First Advisor John Van Dyk


This article presents an assessment instrument relevant to the speech-language skills of limited English proficient children. The function of the speech-language specialist as a member of the asses...


According to the engineering requirements of harmonic elimination and reactive power compensation which a transformer substation putting forward to, this paper successfully develops a new injection type hybrid active power filter. The author presents in detail a parameter design method of this hybrid active power filter. Some application notices , experiment results and engineering application effects are also given here. The detecting result shows that the hybrid active power filter meets the requirement of the design and the harmonic suppression effect is obvious.


distinction between those works addressed to the general public which tend to enlighten them with regard to the healthful regulation of their bodily functions and the avoidance of causes of disease, and those which profess to bring down the rules for the diagnosis and treatment of disease within the popular capacity. Of the former subjects they cannot, in our estimation, know too much, and every particle of fresh information has its use. In regard to the latter class, we regard the old adage " A little knowledge is a dangerous thing," as pre-eminently true; there being, in


The syntheses of new 3-arylideneamino-1-(2-alkythio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesul-fonyl)guanidines 2-8 and 1-arylidene-2-(2-alkylthio-4-chloro-5-R 3 -benzenesulfonyl)-3-methylaminoguanidines 9-16 are described. The in vitro antitumor screening of compounds 2, 3, 9 and 10 was evaluated at the Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald. The remaining compounds 5, 11-14 and 16 were screened at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 55 human tumor cell lines, and relationships between structure and anticancer activity in vitro are discussed. The highest anticancer activity was found for 2-(2-benzylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenze-nesulfonyl)-3-methylamino-1-(5-nitrothienylidene)guanidine (12) (GI 5 0 in the range 0.3-0.6 μM), while other compounds exhibit reasonable (16) or moderate (9, 13) anticancer activities.


While there is no universal logic of induction, the probability calculus succeeds as a logic of induction in many contexts through its use of several notions concerning inductive inference. They include Addition, through which low probabilities represent disbelief as opposed to ignorance; and Bayes property, which commits the calculus to a 'refute and rescale' dynamics for incorporating new evidence. These notions are independent and it is urged that they be employed selectively according to needs of the problem at hand. It is shown that neither is adapted to inductive inference concerning some indeterministic systems. 1. Introduction2. Failure of demonstrations of universality2.1. Working backwards2.2. The surface logic3. Framework3.1. The properties3.2. Boundaries3.2.1. Universal comparability3.2.2. Transitivity3.2.3. Monotonicity4. Addition4.1. The property: disbelief versus ignorance4.2. Boundaries5. Bayes property5.1. The property5.2. Bayes' theorem5.3. Boundaries5.3.1. Dogmatism of the priors5.3.2. Impossibility of prior ignorance5.3.3. Accommodation of virtues6. Real values7. Sufficiency and independence8. Illustrations8.1. All properties retained8.2. Bayes property only retained8.3. Induction without additivity and Bayes property9. Conclusion Introduction Failure of demonstrations of universality2.1. Working backwards2.2. The surface logic Working backwards The surface logic Framework3.1. The properties3.2. Boundaries3.2.1. Universal comparability3.2.2. Transitivity3.2.3. Monotonicity The properties Boundaries3.2.1. Universal comparability3.2.2. Transitivity3.2.3. Monotonicity Universal comparability Transitivity Monotonicity Addition4.1. The property: disbelief versus ignorance4.2. Boundaries The property: disbelief versus ignorance Boundaries Bayes property5.1. The property5.2. Bayes' theorem5.3. Boundaries5.3.1. Dogmatism of the priors5.3.2. Impossibility of prior ignorance5.3.3. Accommodation of virtues The property Bayes' theorem Boundaries5.3.1. Dogmatism of the priors5.3.2. Impossibility of prior ignorance5.3.3. Accommodation of virtues Dogmatism of the priors Impossibility of prior ignorance Accommodation of virtues Real values Sufficiency and independence Illustrations8.1. All properties retained8.2. Bayes property only retained8.3. Induction without additivity and Bayes property All properties retained Bayes property only retained Induction without additivity and Bayes property Conclusion


Abstract: A homochiral metal-organic framework (MOF) based on enantiopure ( R )-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid was synthesized. X-ray crystal diffraction studies revealed that the MOF adopts a one-dimensional infinite right-handed helical tubular structure along the a -axis, which serves as a host for the inclusion of guest dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules. Keywords: homochiral metal-organic framework; chiral ligand; helix structure; one-dimensional network 1. Introduction The field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has grown explosively in recent years [1-8]; numerous studies have been reported owing to the potential applications of MOFs in gas storage [9-15], separation [16-23], luminescent materials [24-32], and heterogeneous catalysis [33-41]. While several MOFs have been discovered so far, only a few examples of chiral MOFs for enantiomer separations or heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis have been investigated [42]. We recently reported the synthesis of a


We studied the carbohydrate metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using glucose tolerance test (GTT) and were evaluated using this test to improve diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDS). Found that COPD patients with the exception of the risk factors listed in recommendations of who and the International diabetes Federation (IDF), GTT identifies NDU significantly more often than in the assessment of glucose of blood plasma on an empty stomach, this confirms the hypothesis put forward earlier by the authors of this work about the significant role of COPD in the pathogenesis of CMDS and in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This indicates the appropriateness of assigning COPD to the risk group for DM2, and, consequently, performing GTT in this cohort of patients. At the same time, GTT is a simple and fairly informative method of diagnosing CMDS and can be used as a screening method regardless of the fasting blood glucose level. It was also found that the prevalence of glucose tolerance disorders is much less common in Western Europe than in Eastern Europe, which is close to the values of our data.


Fifty‐eight children with acute haema‐togenous osteomyelitis have been studied. The incidence of infection by penicillin‐resistant organisms was found to be 54.5 % in 33 cases in which an organism was recovered. Tetracycline has been found to be more effective than penicillin in the primary treatment of this condition.


In this paper, a Word Spotting model is presented, that is motivated by some characteristics of the human visual system. The proposed bio-inspired model works at two different levels. First, a Global Filtering module enables to define several candidate zones. Then, a Refining Filtering module facilitates the selection of good retrieved results. These two modules are based on a process of accumulation of votes resulting from the application of generalized Haar-Like-features. The process does not need the segmentation of documents neither in lines nor in words. The proposed approach is evaluated using the George Washington Database and outperforming state-of-the-art performances.


13 DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark required for proper gene expression 14 and silencing of transposable elements. DNA methylation patterns can be modified by 15 environmental factors such as pathogen infection, where modification of DNA 16 methylation can be associated with plant resistance. To counter the plant defense 17 pathways, pathogens produce effectors molecule, several of which act as proteasome 18 inhibitors. Here we investigated the effect of proteasome inhibition by the bacterial 19 virulence factor Syringolin A on genome-wide DNA methylation. We show that 20 Syringolin A treatment results in an increase of DNA methylation at centromeric and 21 pericentromeric regions of Arabidopsis chromosomes. We identify several CHH DMRs 22 that are enriched in the proximity of transcriptional start sites. Syringolin A treatment 23 does not result in significant changes in small RNA composition. However, significant 24 changes in genome transcriptional activity can be observed, including a strong 25 upregulation of resistance genes that are located on chromosomal arms. We 26 hypothesize that DNA methylation changes could be linked to the upregulation of 27 some atypical members of the de novo DNA methylation pathway: AGO3, AGO9 and 28 DRM1. Our data suggests that modification of genome-wide DNA methylation 29 resulting from an inhibition of the proteasome by bacterial effectors could be part of a 30 epi-genomic arms race against pathogens. 31 32


Within the framework of the Glauber theory, we divide the many particle systeminto two subsystems formed. by the "valence" particles and "sea" particles respective-ly. Then the multiple scattering amplitudes can be divided into "sea","sea","sea","valence", "valence","sea", and "valence","valence" multiple scattering amplitude.For the calculations of these different amplitudes different effective approximatemethods are proposed, Finally, for "sea"."sea". "sea""valence", "valence" "sea"and "valence"."valence" processes, we obatain the respective S-matrices which phy-sically clear and convenient in calculation.


The language of economics and economic imperatives are driving standardized school reform in the United States without input from teachers. This teacher action research project responds to concerns about contemporary school reforms by considering how economics-minded dialogue about literacy education can help teachers support students' literacy practices. The study explores the use of an economic model for planning, implementing, and evaluating composition instruction based in sociocultural literacy research. The model classifies classroom activities according to economic principles of connectedness and production. This model supported collaborative dialogue about writing instruction problems. Three phases—cycles of planning, implementation, and evaluation of instruction—progressively demonstrated how thinking economically about literacy instruction supported a teacher's decision making toward student-centered writing instruction. The study frames economic analysis as a positive support for students' acquisition of new literacies. It also suggests how teachers may make sense of economics-oriented educational reform goals for literacy instruction.


This paper narrates the source,distribution and hazard of the acid mine drainage.It analyses and summarizes the present status of the economical and practical technology of treating acid mine drainage such as modification of mineral dressing flow,neutralization method,sulfuration method,displacement neutralization method,etc.The paper also further expounds the developmental prospects of the technology of treating acid mine drainage.


A marking device suitable for use to mark a bowl in lawn bowls comprises a body member 1 having a hollow elongate chamber 2 adapted to house a chalk stick 5, and having an upper and lower opening, the upper opening 13 being adapted to allow the chalk stick 5 to protrude upwards from the upper opening, an adjustable means 11 for adjusting the longitudinal movement of the chalk stick within the body member so that, in use, the chalk stick end may be adjusted to extend beyond the upper opening of the body member and a sealing cap 12 adapted to seal the upper opening of the body member. The chalk stick 5 is formed in situ in the body member and is prepared by combining an aqueous slurry comprising a sellable chalk powder, a water miscible volatile solvent, water and an essential oil.


Introduction Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) play an important role in summarizing the best clinical practices, thereby promoting high standards of care in specific medical fields. These systems can serve as tools for gaining knowledge and mediating between clinical guidelines and physicians thereby providing the right information to the right person at the right time. Objective This review aims to evaluate the effect of CDSSs on adherence to guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and VTE events compared to routine care without CDSSs in non-surgical patients. Methods In order to conduct a systematic literature review, the published studies were identified through screening EMBASE, the international clinical trials registry, OVID, Cochrane database, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases, from 1982 to March 2021. The included studies were reviewed by two independent reviewers; the proportion of patients that correctly received VTE prophylaxis has been next extracted for further analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into two groups: CDSS-recommended VTE prophylaxis and routine care without using a CDSS. Results Twelve articles (three randomized controlled trials, seven prospective cohort trials, and two retrospective cohort trials) were in fine analyzed. The use of CDSSs is found to be associated with a significant increase in the rate of using the appropriate prophylaxis for VTE (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the incidence of VTE (p < 0.05). Conclusion Implementation of CDSSs can help improving the appropriate use of VTE prophylaxis in non-surgical patients. Further, evidence-based and interventional studies on the development of CDSSs can provide more in-depth knowledge on both this tool design and efficiency.


Islamic banking is an investment and financing system which expands globally. The Islamic banks have only been established for some 30 years but the banking system is based on long-going traditions ...


Despite a great deal of speculation about the potential advantages and disadvantages of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for social support processes, few attempts have been made to summarize the findings from this body of scholarship. The present chapter reports a state-of-the-art review of research on computer-mediated support in an effort to determine whether the purported promise and peril of CMC has been realized. Empirical studies examining the use of CMC for acquiring social support and the outcomes of support acquired online are reviewed and synthesized. The review concludes with an agenda for future research identifying pressing questions for computer-mediated support scholarship.


The production of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) parts for aircrafts is very time and cost intensive. To be able to compete with metal based technologies both the area of application as well as the production of CFRPs must be reconsidered.
For this reason the Center for Lightweight Production Technology (ZLP) at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Augsburg analyses the whole process chain along the production of CFRPs, starting from the choice of the material to the final assembly, on optimization potentials.
Process automation and optimization is demonstrated on the basis of an aircraft skin segment demonstrator produced out of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) material. This material class offers alternative processing technologies compared to their thermoset counterparts. Technology solutions for each process step are developed like automated preforming, Out-of-Autoclave vacuum consolidation, combined laser and milling processing as well as automated dustless assembly.
An alternative production process for structural parts of aircrafts could be demonstrated using the advantages of thermoplastics.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board ethical commitment and the performance of the company. When directors embed ethics in discharging their duty, it will prohibit frauds, unnecessary actions and decisions that are detrimental to the company.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected data for two years i.e. 2013 and 2014 from the annual report of the biggest 500 companies by market capitalisation as of 31 December 2013 listed under Bursa Malaysia stock exchange. Board ethical commitment is measured based on the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) and various international best practices while corporate performance is measured based on return on equity, return on assets, net profit margin, market to book value and TobinQ.

Findings
This study found that ethical commitment by the board has a significant positive relationship with corporate performance. The findings are robust to the alternative performance measurements and lagged one-year corporate performance.

Research limitations/implications
This paper enhances the theoretical understanding of the contribution of the board of ethical commitment to the sustainable performance of the company. However, this study suffered from a limited data collection period of two years only from the annual report of the company.

Practical implications
This study provides an indicator that the directors need to provide a good ethical leadership example to the employees and committed to built a good ethical work culture in the organisation via establishment of code of ethics. In addition, this code needs to be promoted, enforced and embedded in the operations of the organisation.

Originality/value
This study is original as it not only examines board ethical commitment from MCCG 2012 but also international best practices from various countries such as UK, USA and Europe. It also contributed to the literature and theoretical understanding of the importance of board ethical commitment specifically in developing countries like Malaysia that scarce in the literature.


Reports about filial piety culture in China Youth Daily can effectively reflect the status of the filial piety culture development and it's potential. This paper takes the reports of China Youth Daily from July 2006 to June 2012 as the source of filial piety culture, and we get 152 effective samples. The results show four major features of the filial piety culture reports: youth-groupbased reports; diverse report forms; strong education orientation and distinct political imprint.


Yeast (Kluyveromyces fragilis) concentrations up to 90 g dry weight/litre were obtained by dialysis culture in an 8 litre fermenter and the concentrations of lactose in the whey ultrafiltrate reservoirs were reduced to 5–8 g/litre during the cultivation period. A marked and progressive fall in cell yield was observed as the concentration of yeast increased. Modelling experiments indicated that this fall was consistent with the effects of maintenance energy requirements and that the effect could be minimised by a four-fold increase in the rate of dialysis. The feasibility of achieving the required increase with improved membranes was confirmed in experiments in which the rate of dialysis using existing membranes was shown to be doubled by either prior enzymic hydrolysis of the lactose or by doubling the membrane area.


The aim of this project is to develop a reproducible virus segmentation program which can help to detect adenovirus particles in food vacuoles of eukaryotic organisms. In this report, we show that with the help of neural networks, U-net in particular, we can accomplish the task efficiently. Based on the model we develop, we can achieve the IoU of 0.3762 on the test set, which can achieve a satisfactory prediction.


Aiming at the problems of the diversity of power grid residents' loads and the satisfaction of the user side in the process of demand response (DR), combining the DR model and the idea of data mining, proposes a DR model based on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) technology, which considers user satisfaction with electricity. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional DR model, this model can minimize the impact of DR on residential users' power consumption comfort, reduce the cost of power consumption for users while enhancing their satisfaction with power consumption, and make the load power curve more stable, which is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Through the in-depth mining of historical power consumption data of users using NILM technology, the basis for the improvement of DR is provided, which is conducive to continuously improving the implementation effect of DR and giving full play to the important role of DR in the safe and stable operation of the power grid.


In this article are discussed problem of conformation of organizational culture of educational institute, are defined actuality of searching effective ways of conformation of organizational culture of educational institute. The problem of searching conceptual positions and connected with them tools and methods of task-oriented conformation of organizational culture of educational institute are gained the special actuality in condition of modernization of education in time when formed organizational culture provides effective function of educational institute and it subjects in changing society. The analyzing of pedagogic and scientific literature and educing of specifics of practice determination of that problem let us to denote the basic directions of conformation of organizational culture of educational institute. Mass-media of educational institute we choose as the tool of formulation reference points of specific model. By our opinion mass-media is method of conformation of organizational culture of educational institute and also the special media space where children with adults can organize real info-product and join the process of communication, but they are not only passive consumers of information. In the article the pedagogical potential of mass-media as method of conformation of organizational culture of educational institute is explained.


This review examines three books published in the field of poetics in 2020: Candice Amich's Precarious Forms: Performing Utopia in the Neoliberal Americas; Ren Ellis Neyra's The Cry of the Senses: Listening to Latinx and Caribbean Poetics; and Anthony Reed's Soundworks: Race, Sound, and Poetry in Production. I show that these three books, which discuss poetry in connection with other art forms, each call for a reordering of the senses through which we perceive and analyze poetry (and other texts). While Ellis Neyra advocates multisensorial listening and Reed calls for a mode of listening attentive to what remains unnamed within current perceptual and political schema, Amich shows the importance of paying attention to the embodied rhythms and tactility of poetry and performance texts. For all three authors, these alternatives to individualized, detached, and indeed deadened linguistic contemplation proffer strategies for remaking not only common sense, but the common itself. The chapter is structured under the following headings: 1. Introduction; 2. Poetics; 3. Sensoria; 4. Politics.


Tony Ralston and Peter Henderson have written columns for this issue discussing mathematics for computer science. This column considers possible implications for the classroom. While the ideas in this column are not particularly new, perhaps they will stimulate discussion.


DICOM3.0 standard is the key technology to the implementations of the PACS,HIS and telemedicine,it defines the rules of pixel data and other digital information when they are transferred or stored between different modalities.This paper made an analysis of the typical medical images file format and an in-depth discussion of window displaying technique.An improved display algorithm was proposed in this paper.


There is a need to train journal peer reviewers to provide professional, constructive, and actionable feedback: i.e., develop their feedback literacy. Journals and publishers can improve the way they support peer reviewers' feedback literacy by raising awareness and providing guidance and exemplars of good practice. Existing online peer‐review training resources developed by major publishers only focus on content of feedback but neglect the socio‐emotional aspect of feedback. Resources to develop peer reviewers' feedback literacy should be formulated by adopting knowledge‐based, skills‐based, and community‐based approaches.


This study aims to improve the reading ability of school students elementary school, where we all must have known that elementary school students class low, of course, not all of them can or are not fluent in reading, so they like it or not want parents to play an active role in children's education to improve abilities read their own children. But in reality there are still many parents who are busy with their respective jobs so that the activity of guiding children learning at home is not paid enough attention and there are also parents who do not understand their children's learning materials. The purpose of this research is to examine literature study regarding the effect of parental guidance on ability reading for low grade students. The data collection technique used was interviews with students' parents. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively. The results of this study indicate parental guidance in reading ability their children can be seen from the way the parents make a schedule of learning activities at home well, create a pleasant atmosphere when guiding their children learning, by bringing in tutors when parents are less able to teach their children to read, giving them attention and always setting aside time to guide their children learn when their parents are busy working, and provide children with learning facilities and give them an award when their child's learning achievement increases, namely by giving applause, praise or you can give it a gift so that the child feels proud and becomes active for it Study. The conclusion of this study is parental guidance is good and right will have a good impact on children, in addition to needing guidance from teachers in children's schools also need guidance from their respective parents when at home.


Embodiments of the invention relate to integrated circuits with on-die decoupling capacitors. An integrated circuit includes a decoupling capacitor and an internal circuit. The decoupling capacitor is coupled to a first external terminal of the integrated circuit. The internal circuit in the integrated circuit is coupled to a second external terminal of the integrated circuit. The decoupling capacitor is coupled to provide supply voltage current to the internal circuit through the first and the second external terminals and through external conductors. The external conductors are outside the integrated circuit.


This paper investigates the potential for automatic mapping of typical embedded applications to architectures with multimedia instruction set extensions. For this purpose a (pattern matching based) code transformation engine is used. The experiments show that about 85% of the loops which are suitable for Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) parallelization can be automatically recognized and mapped.


This dissertation consists of three papers that explore the geographic context of elections. Through case studies of migration and same-sex marriage, this research demonstrates how elections are the products of stratified social, economic, and political environments that area highly variable across space. This dissertation also details the implications for local, state, and national elections. The first two papers of this dissertation explore how compositional effects of migration fundamentally alter political landscapes. In addressing this research question, Appendix A tackles the primary obstacle of compositional migration research— collecting migration data containing individual party identification. This paper makes a significant contribution by serving as the first study to pioneer a methodological approach that predicts individual partisanship of migrants according to socioeconomic characteristics with logistic regression state models. The results underscore the importance of migrant origins and destinations in considering the political effectiveness of migration flows. Relying on the methodological framework in Appendix A, Appendix B calls attention to the oversimplified, undertheorized, and highly problematic definitions of migration responsible for the cursory understanding of migration's compositional effects. Specifically, the paper suggests what recent U.S. migration trends portend for compositional changes in Democratic and Republican partisanship at the state level through a concept of 'political effectiveness'. This research makes several important


Read January 8, 1872. Includes plates. Plate no. 1: Fig. No. 2: Ideal section from S.E. to N.W. across the Appalachians. Fig. No. 3: Azores or Western Islands. Plate No. 2: The Hawaiian Group.


The use of metal-on-metal THA has taken origin from the use of Mc Kee prostheses in our Institute in 1967. In 3rd Division of "Istituto Gaetano Pini" in Milan have been performed more than 1300 implants of these prostheses between 1967 and 1983. The analyses of implant surfaces after removal have demonstrated an almost null debris and good liability regarding implant stability. Even if someone assumed, in the past, the carcinogenic effects induced by metal debris, recent publications showed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of cancer between patients treated with metal-on-metal prostheses and normal population. The very good results in follow-up and the evidence of limited debris of metallic contact surfaces have encouraged us to continue with this experience using large head prostheses with metal-on-metal interface. We implanted 73 Artek cup in 1997–2000 years, an uncemented pre-assembled cup, fixed by pure press fit. The advantages with this cup derived from his low profile (1/3rd of sphere) and contemporary use of large diameter heads (38 mm), similar to McKee's model (35–41.5 mm). This design allowed us not only to preserve bone-stock, but even to reduce displacement risk. These advantages were increased by the absence of interposed PE surfaces, which inevitably suffer from time-related degeneration. In the last years we increase the use of hard surface THA, usually performing the implant of pressfit cups with metallic liner and large diameter heads (32 and 36 mm) or ceramic-ceramic interface. We believe in better indication (null-wear) of ceramic-ceramic THA in 60 years we implant metal-on metal THA: we think that can guarantee very low debris rates and, if used in association with modular components and large diameter heads, a sensibly increased ROM and lower displacement rate. We implanted 73 Artek cup in 1997–2000 years, an uncemented pre-assembled cup, fixed by pure pressfit. The advantages with this cup derived from his low profile (1/3rd of sphere) and contemporary use of large diameter heads (38 mm), similar to McKee's model (35–41.5 mm). This design allowed us not only to preserve bone-stock, but even to reduce displacement risk. These advantages were increased by the absence of interposed PE surfaces, which inevitably suffer from time-related degeneration. In the last years we increase the use of hard surface THA, usually performing the implant of pressfit cups with metallic liner and large diameter heads (32 and 36 mm) or ceramic-ceramic interface. We believe in better indication (null-wear) of ceramic-ceramic THA in 60 years we implant metal-on metal THA: we think that can guarantee very low debris rates and, if used in association with modular components and large diameter heads, a sensibly increased ROM and lower displacement rate. The common use of hard surface THA has to be considered "gold standard" even in the elderly, in a constantly increasing mean-life era with corresponding better quality of life: we believe that is mandatory to offer, even to these patients, a long-lasting and high result hip arthroplasty.


Source Citation Silva P, Galli M, Campolo L, for the IRES (Ischemia Residua) Study Group. Prognostic significance of early ischemia after acute myocardial infarction in low-risk patients. Am J Card...


We designed a silicon pressure sensor interface circuit with digital calibration capability. The interface circuit is composed of an analog section and a digital section. The analog section amplifies the weak signal from the sensor and the digital section handles the calibration function and communication function between the chip and outside microcontroller that controls the calibration. The digital section is composed of I2C serial interface, memory, trimming register and controller. The I2C serial interface is optimized to suit the need of on-chip silicon microsensor in terms of number of IO pins and silicon area. The major part of the design is to build a controller circuit that implements the optimized I2C protocol. The designed chip was fabricated through IDEC's MPW. We also made a test board and the test result showed that the chip performs the digital calibration function very well as expected.


This paper seeks to set the scene for the ensuing articles in this themed issue by placing the recent developments with interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in their historical context. It argues that use of this instructional technology has already had a profound impact upon teaching and highlights the importance of educational researchers considering both the micro and the macro context when they explore the impact of any instructional technology use. The paper moreover suggests that the IWB is emerging as the second great revolutionary instructional technology and is shaping as the development that is fundamentally changing the nature of schooling, moving it from its traditional paper‐based form to digitally based organisation. The author's provocative stance stems from a perspective of directing and networking schools. Many of the subsequent papers elaborate examples of IWB use in classrooms, helping the reader to evaluate the argument using recent empirical research.


Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA *Author for correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com "Due to very high efficacy rates and fewer side effects than systemic corticosteroid therapy, β-blockers have become accepted as the first line in treatment of infantile hemangiomas."


Objective To explore the protective effects on liver injury and the influence on serum cholinesterase(ChE)of peritoneal dialysis(PD)in rabbits with omethoate poisoning.Methods The rabbit model of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP) was established by intragastric administration of 25 mg/kg(0.5LD50)40% omethoate.18 male Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into control group and peritoneal dialysis group(PD group).Rabbits of control group(n=9)were given pralidoxime chloride and atropine by intramuscular injection.Animals of PD group(n=9)were given peritoneal dialysis for ten times after inserted peritoneal dialysis tube besides upper medicine treatments.The measurements of liver function,albumin(Alb),serum cholinesterase(ChE) and pathological changes under light microscope of livers of both groups were observed.Results Serum cholinesterase declined obviously and the measurements of liver function had changed significantly in these two groups after intoxication.But serum cholinesterase recovered quickly and the changes of measurements of liver function were significantly mild in PD group compared with control group.However albumin decreased in PD group compared with control group.Liver cells were injuryed and showed the signs of toxic hepatitis in both groups observed by light microscope.Liver cells were significantly injuryed in control group compared with PD group.Conclusion PD can protect liver during AOPP through removing intoxicants slowly and continuously and promote the recovery of ChE.


A coaxial sweep scheme for use in ion-beam lasers is proposed. Space charge and emittance effects which normally tend to defocus ion beams are effectively controlled.


TO THE EDITOR: Adrenocortical insufficiency causes various physical symptoms, including weakness, fatigue, and loss of appetite due to cortisol deficiency. It is also known to cause psychiatric symptoms such as depression or apathy. However, there are only a few reports of delirium associated with this insufficiency (1). We present a case of delirium, which was caused by secondary adrenocortical insufficiency because of isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency.


A 59-year-old man with knee arthritis suddenly developed left posterior thigh pain and complete paralysis of his foot. EMG/nerve conduction studies localized the lesion to the distal sciatic nerve in the thigh (absent motor units from the short head of biceps femoris but normal vastus lateralis). Imaging demonstrated an intraneural ganglion cyst in the tibial nerve extending up to the sciatic nerve (figure 1), which was resected (figure 2). Synovial fluid escaped from a capsular defect, tracking up a tibial articular branch of the sciatic nerve, causing secondary compression of the peroneal division.1,2 Intraneural ganglia typically involve the peroneal nerve.


OBJECTIVE
To document the frequency, clinical presentation, outcome and spectrum of species in Candida blood stream infection.

METHODS
A prospective, descriptive cohort study was conducted from June 1st till November 30th 2012 at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation in Karachi, Pakistan. All patients > or = 15 years of age from nephrology, urology, gastroenterology, oncology or intensive care units with candidemia were included.

RESULTS
Of 2457 positive blood cultures, 145 (6%) were positive for Candida species in 121 patients. Seventy seven patients were included for further analysis as clinical data was available for these. The majority of patients had renal failure (89.6%) and 44% had femoral line. Non- albicans species were isolated in 70 (90.9%) patients; Candida parapsilosis in 28 (36.4%), C. lusitaniae in 23 (29.9%), C. tropicalis in 16 (20.8%), C. glabrata in 3 (3.9%) with only 7 (9.1%) with C. albicans. Mortality was 23.4% (18 patients).

CONCLUSION
Frequency of candidemia and species distribution with predominantly non-albicans candida in our study is similar to that reported from other developing countries. Mortality is high. The majority of our patients had line related candidemia. Therefore prevention of line infection must be our top priority.


An apparatus and a method for producing three-dimensional objects is specified. The device has a container (1) for a medium (2) and a three-dimensionally positionable dispenser (4) for dispensing a material (3), the addition of which to the medium (2) leads to the formation of solid structures in the medium (2). on. The addition of the material (3) by moving the dispenser in the XYZ direction onto a platform (8) below the fill level of the first material (2) in the container (1) leads to the formation of three-dimensional objects.


The Horn of Africa is one of the most important regions in the world, and the multitude of military bases in the region seems to support this fact. It is no wonder that the Bab-el-Mandeb is an important strait in international trade, serving as the true end of the Suez Canal. China's first overseas military base in Djibouti, a small country already oversaturated with the military bases of various countries, could therefore show the increasing assertiveness of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its ambition in establishing itself as a global superpower. This analysis provides a brief overview of this naval base and explores what functions it has, how it compares to its neighbouring military bases, and what potential there is to it.


A new culture-based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with mutation, CPSOM, is proposed in this paper to improve the overall optimization performance of the original PSO and combat with the well-known premature problem. In the CPSOM, the Evolutionary Programming (EP) mutation operator is applied to a proportion of the particles in the population space based on the influence function. The mutation operation is directed by the knowledge stored in the belief space, and the mutation proportion can vary linearly with the growth of the swarm generations. Our CPSOM is investigated using ten high-dimension and multi-peak functions. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that it can indeed outperform both the original PSO and EP.


Abstract Public policy on violence prevention has increasingly focused on early childhood interventions to reduce violence over the life course. This paper examines public attitudes toward funding of programs in schools to enhance learning and to reduce violence. The data come from telephone surveys in a large Southern US City collected from 2004 to 2007. The paper explores the relationship between public funding of programs and increased taxes for programs. PLUM Ordinal Regression models were used to predict attitudes toward prevention programs controlling for demographic variables and political affiliation. Implications of these findings are discussed for understanding of attitudes toward school-based programs and their funding.


The following errorwas introduced during the production process. On Page 9, the captions offigures 7 and 8 are interchanged. 'Figure 7. EDS spectrumof cryo-processed 25% cobalt sample' and 'Figure 8. X-ray spectrumof unprocessed 25% cobalt sample' should be changed to 'Figure 7. X-ray spectrumof unprocessed 25% cobalt sample' and 'Figure 8. EDS spectrumof cryo-processed 25% cobalt sample'. PUBLISHED 18October 2019


The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) are signals calculated from the EEG signals registered as responses to an acoustic activation of the auditory system. The BAEP signals provide an objective, electrophysiological diagnostic method, widely applied in examinations of auditory organs, in particular for such cases, when the application of traditional audiometric methods is difficult or impossible, e.g. in examination of little children and infants. The shape of the time-dependent signal, and its possible distortion, and particularly the presence or absence of characteristic waves are of great diagnostic importance. In the present work methods of preliminary processing and automated identification of wave V are presented, using the SOM type neural networks for determination of structure of the feature space and classification.


Objective:To explore the postoperative administration and effect for sinusitis and nasal polyps after endoscopic surgery in order to standard the best scheme of treatment.Method:Fifty cases were recorded the recovery of nasal cavity and were treated by intranasal local glucocorticoid.Result:Recurrence had been found in five cases of type Ⅰ,third stage, and in six of type Ⅲ six months later.Others had been cured.Conclusion:Following-up survey after endoscopic surgery plays an important role in treating sinusitis and nasal polyps,and intranasal local glucocorticoid has positive effects in promoting the repairment and anti-inflammation of the nasal septum.


There is obvious urban-rural finance difference in China,which is not only embodied in its scale and structure but in its efficiency.Based on the dynamic panel-data model of different provinces in China,this paper uses the data from 29 provinces and municipalities during 1992-2009 to analyze the impact of urban and rural finance difference on urban and rural income disparity,and the results show that,under the control of other variables,urban and rural financial scale difference,structural difference and efficiency difference are positively related to urban and rural income gap,that the enlargement of urban and rural financial difference leads to further enlargement of urban and rural income gap and that the narrowing of urban and rural income gap not only needs to shrink urban and rural financial difference but also needs to specifically emphasize the development of rural economy and education cause.


To the Editor.— In the X-RAY SEMINAR case, "Osteoblastic Lesions of Unusual Nature" (219:377, 1972) several findings cast some doubt on the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, osteosclerotic variant. The presence of multiple, discrete, purely osteosclerotic lesions, absence of dysproteinemia despite extensive disease, and the histopathologic finding of a mixture of plasma cells and lymphoid elements which Vickery noted as being an atypical picture for multiple myeloma seem to point to another diagnosis—plasma cell granuloma.1,2 There are few unequivocal cases of untreated myeloma with sclerotic bone lesions, unless complicated by fracture or amyloidosis. The histological features of plasma cell granuloma are the infiltrates of uniformly mature plasma cells with occasional Russell bodies; intermingling of other chronically inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes, which tend to occur in aggregates and may be missed in small biopsy specimens; and a background of fibrous tissue. Plasma cell granuloma will not recur if completely excised,


We study issues of duality and dual equivalence in noncommutative manifolds. In particular, the question of dual equivalence for the actions of the noncommutative extensions of the self-dual model in 3D space-time and the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model is investigated. We show that former model is not dual equivalent to the noncommutative extension of the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model, as widely believed, but a deformed version of it that is disclosed here. Our results are not restricted to any finite order in the Seiberg-Witten expansion involving the noncommutative parameter {theta}.


S. F. Garanin, V. N. Mokhov All-Russian Institute of Experimental Physics 607200, Arzamas-16, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) performed 2-D calculations of the MHD nozzle chamber designed for plasma preheating in the MAGO system proposed by All-Russian Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF). The calculation results agree with measured time derivatives of the magnetic fields in the chamber while differing from neutron yield data obtained by VNIIEF both experimentally and theoretically. VNIIEF carried out 1-D calculations which suggest some sources of discrepancy between LANL and VNIIEF data. The following sources are to be pointed out: (1) different models for gas breakdown; (2) VNIIEF considered the insulator vaporization at the chamber inlet while LANL did not.


In management information system for EC network resources,in order to display Web pages retrieval results according to different topics to help the users quickly locating the required information and effectively improving user experience,the solution was put forword for related problems. The solution includes user-defined domain dictionary,feature selection based on clustering features dictionary and initial center point construction based on topics domain words. From experimental results,this solution can effectively improve the quality of text clustering for EC Web pages. The text clustering solution can be extended to other specific domains.


With the promulgation of new curriculum standard and application of multimedia technology in high school English class,the transformation of the traditional mode of teaching is brought out.With this transformation,the roles of the teachers and students in classroom teaching are changing.Application of multimedia technology in English classroom possesses the advantages of bringing authentic language situations into the classroom as well as stimulating students' motivation and interest,etc,but also has some limitations.In the English classroom teaching with application of multimedia technology,the students' role is the subject of learning,and student's cognitive law should be fully taken into account on classroom design,so as to inspire student's creative thought.


Objective: To assess the performance of the training course on the disclosure of a diagnosis of cancer intended for fifth year medical students of the University of Nantes.


Importance Tonsillectomy is common in children, but little is known about parental preferences and values concerning this surgical procedure. Twitter offers an opportunity to evaluate parental understanding and experience of tonsillectomy care. Objective To identify parental perspectives about tonsillectomy in children that may not be apparent in a routine clinical encounter. Design, Setting, and Participants In this qualitative study, social media platform Twitter was searched for posts (tweets) published between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, by US-based parents about their child's tonsillectomy. Modified grounded theory was applied to develop a coding taxonomy to classify the tweets. Tweets were assessed for thematic synthesis and classification, and descriptive statistics were obtained for each theme. Main Outcomes and Measures Themes of parental experiences and perspectives about their child's tonsillectomy. Results Of the 5801 total tweets retrieved, 782 (13.5%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Tweets were categorized under 2 overarching themes: procedural concerns (549 tweets [70.2%]) and attitudes or experiences (498 [63.7%]). Common tweets under procedural concerns mentioned surgical indication for tonsillectomy (55 tweets [7.0%]); eg, "strep–I think it's tonsil removing time…") and recovery (227 tweets [29.0%]), including child's attitude (89 tweets [11.4%]; eg, "so hard to get my daughter to eat") and parental experience (87 tweets [11.1%]; eg, "tonsillectomy recovery sucks for the parent as much as the kid!"). Common tweets regarding attitudes or experiences included the tenor of overall care (225 tweets [28.6%]; eg, "Tonsillectomy is a bear") and fears or apprehensions (209 tweets [26.6%]). Conclusions and Relevance These social media findings may be used to guide clinicians in educating and counseling parents as well as further engaging parents and children in shared decision making for tonsillectomy.


Aims:  β‐d‐fructofuranosidase fructohydrolase (FFH, EC 3·2·1·26) is an enzyme which hydrolyses the α‐1,4 glycosidic bonds of sucrose and releases monosaccharides. The present study deals with the kinetics of improved extracellular FFH production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture.


The term seaquake is used to mean shaking caused exclusively by an earthquake but felt on board a vessel at sea, excluding effects from tsunamis. Thousands of such occurrences are known which are occasionally listed in the casualty reports of Lloyd's List and in other sources, causing considerable concern to mariners but rarely serious structural damage to seaworthy vessels. Seaquakes, because the sensation they often create is one of the ship running aground, have been responsible for some of the fictitious reefs and shoals shown in early navigation charts. This research note brings to attention a little known case of a damaging seaquake which is of interest for the study of the vulnerability of offshore engineering structures and marine vessels, particularly submarines, as well as containers for the disposal of nuclear waste, and also provides information on the earthquake source responsible for the seaquake, that with the data available cannot be obtained by normal seismological methods. On the 28th February 1969 the motor tanker 'Ida Knudsen', a 32,000-tonne vessel built in 1958, was sailing in ballast from Lisbon to the Persian Gulf when it experienced a 'violent vertical shock'. This happened at about 02 h 45 min (GMT) when the ship was at a position 36-12"N-10.70"W in 2,700 fathoms of water. At the time the general state of the sea in this part of the Atlantic was 3 to 4 with moderate swell, and the windforce was 4 to 5.


A finite unit calculational method is recommended in this paper to use in footing groove precipitation optimum design and construction task on line control. By the given mathematical model, calculational method and utilizing skill of computer programs, simulative calculation could be carried through quickly before taking out precipitation in the footing groove, so the footing groove precipitation optimum design and on line control of construction task could be realized. As an example, Wuhan mansion's deep footing groove precipitation project is used to illustrate this method. The practice indicates that it is a good calculational method of footing groove precipitation optimum design and construction task on line control..


With the rapid development of broadband network access technology,home users are increasing the demand for media enter-tainment.This paper presents the overall implementation scheme of the embedded home media proxy server of hybrid control archi-tectue based upon ARM -Linux development model,and introduces the design of the system access control middleware in detail.Thesystem selects S3C2440A microprocessor as core module of the hardware platform,uses P2P download software with powerful featuresand integrates at least three functions such as network proxy,resources download and storage management.Test results show that thedownloading performance of the system is stable and efficient.


N-linked glycosylation is widely considered as the most complex modification of proteins in the eukaryotic kingdom [1]. N-glycans play a crucial role in the biosynthesis, folding, stability, biological activity and metabolic clearance of the proteins to which they are attached [2, 3]. They control m...


ABSTRACT Time dependent nonlinear dynamic response of new proposed plates made up of functionally graded (FG) basalt/nickel composites have been explored under different dynamic blast loadings. Four different approximations are considered to simulate the FG composite plates made up of basalt/nickel according to rules based on Homogenous-Laminated Model (HLM), Continuous Model (CM), Power-Law Model (PLM), and Sigmoid-Law Model (SLM). Large deflection theory of thin plates has been used to consider the geometric nonlinearity effects. The basalt/nickel FG composites under blast loads and extreme environments would be a good option and would find many application areas in the near future.


Objective To understand the status of the awareness of contraception in unmarried female doctors.Methods A survey was conducted in the unmarried lady doctors from four general hospitals in Guangzhou area by using cluster sampling technique.Results A total number of 559 unmarried female doctors were surveyed.The awareness of condom use,contraceptives,natural family planning,and postcoital contraception was markedly higher than that of other contraceptive methods.But the awareness rate of anticonceptive injections,subcutaneous depot,spermicidal spray,or vaginal diaphragm was significantly lower.The sources of information on reproductive physiology and contraception were mainly from Internet,professional education,television programs,and newspapers or magazines.About 83.80 % of the subjects considered that education on sex,reproductive health,and contraception was necessary and that the professional guidance was the most reliable way of eduation.Conclusions The unmarried female doctors have some degree of awareness of various types of contraception due to their medical knowledge but further education is still needed.School and family education is insufficient and current propaganda on reproductive health and contraception is not enough.

Key words:
Contraception; Sex education; Reproductive health


The photoinduced reduction of duroquinone (DQ) and a long-chain substituted duroquinone (C/sub 11/DQ) by zinc porphyrin was studied by means of laser photolysis techniques in micellar solution. The mean time required for intramicellar electron transfer is 0.2 ..mu..s for DQ and C/sub 11/DQ. Quenching through intermicellar migration of the acceptor occurs only in the case of DQ for which the rates of entry and exit into and from the micelle are 5 x 10/sup 10/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ and 6 x 10/sup 5/ s/sup -1/. C/sub 11/DQ is immobilized by the long chain in the micelle and migration does not occur on a millesecond time scale. Partial charge separation is achieved in the case of C/sub 11/DQ through ejection of the cation from the micelle.