A ROSAT x-ray survey, with complimentary optical photometry, of the open cluster NGC 6475 has enabled the detection of -50 late-F to K0 and -70 K/M dwarf new candidate members, providing the first reliable detection of low-mass stars in this low galactic latitude, 220 Myr old cluster. The x-ray observations reported here have a typical limiting sensitivity of Lx=1029 erg/s. The detection frequency of early type cluster members is consistent with the hypothesis that the x-ray emitting early type stars are binary systems with an unseen, low-mass secondary producing the x rays. The ratio between x-ray and bolometric luminosity among NGC 6475 members saturates at a spectral-type/color which is intermediate between that in much younger and in much older clusters, consistent with rotational spindown of solar-type stars upon their arrival on the ZAMS. The upper envelope of x-ray luminosity as a function of spectral type is comparable to that of the Pleiades, with the observed spread in x-ray luminosity among low-mass members being likely due to the presence of binaries and relatively rapid rotators. However, the list of x-ray selected candidate members is likely biased against low-mass, slowly rotating single stars. While some preliminary spectroscopic information is given in an appendix, further spectroscopic observations of the new candidate members will aid in interpreting the coronal activity among solar-type NGC 6475 members and their relation to similar stars in older and younger open clusters. © 1995 American Astronomical Society.


The paper introduces a new coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable hardware platform and a general model for prototyping cooperating host/accelerator platforms under real-time constraints. A new parallelizing compilation method derived from this model is explained, whereas novel "vertical" parallelization techniques are applied for such structural programmable accelerators. For performing real-time constraint analysis and fulfilment the process of task performance estimation for host/accelerator executions is explained. Additionally the paper explained the overall execution time estimation of multi-task applications.


We found a novel protopectinase that did not catalyze the degradation of polygalacturonic acid in the culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis IFO 12113. The enzyme was purified by CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography, heat treatment at 60°C, and column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650M and Toyopearl HW-55S. The enzyme was isolated as a homogeneous protein, and was finally isolated as crystals. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 30,000 by gel permeation chromatography and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 29,800 by sedimentation analysis. Its isoelectric point was around pH 9.4. The enzyme was thermostable; its activity was not lessened by being heated at 60°C for lOmin. The enzyme catalyzed the degradation of arabinogalactan from soybean seeds. Some strains belonging to the genus Bacillus, such as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cere us, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. firmus, B. licheniformis, B. macerans, and B. pumilus, produced the same kind of protopectinase.


A new recursive algorithm for Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT-II) has been suggested in this paper. The proposed algorithm is a combination of recursive technique and dual split radix technique. The suggested algorithm reduces number of multiplication as well as computational cycles significantly required for the computation of DCT -II. Architecture of the algorithm is also suggested. Proposed architecture is modular, regular and easily implementable in VLSI.


The disposal of voluminous, highly alkaline, bauxite residue (BR), the industrial by-product of alumina production by the Bayer process, constitutes an intricate global environmental problem. BR, containing valuable metals such as rare-earth elements (REEs)—in particular, scandium (Sc)—can be used as a secondary source for REE extraction. The scope of this study was the investigation of bioleaching as an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for the extraction of Sc from BR. The bioleaching parameters were studied on Greek BR and experiments were performed using different microbial cultures and solid to liquid ratios (S/L). The maximum extraction of Sc was 42% using Acetobacter tropicalis in a one-step bioleaching process at 1% S/L. The main organic acids produced were acetic, oxalic, and citric. The bioleaching data indicated a probable synergistic effect of the different organic acids produced by microorganisms along with a more targeted leaching mechanism.


Simple Summary Mammographic breast density is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer. We investigated the association between volumetric mammographic breast density measures, their changes over time, and breast cancer risk in a cohort of women participating in the FEDRA (Florence-EPIC Digital mammographic density and breast cancer Risk Assessment) study. For the 6148 study women (262 breast cancer cases, average 7.8 years of follow-up), repeated measures of mammographic breast density from full-field digital mammograms and repeated information on lifestyle habits, reproductive history, and anthropometry were available. The association between mammographic breast density measures (modeled as time-dependent covariates), their relative annual changes, and breast cancer risk was evaluated by adjusted Cox models. Higher values of volumetric percent density and dense volume were positively associated with increased breast cancer risk, while an inverse association was evident for increasing non-dense volume. No clear effect of annual changes in mammographic breast density emerged. Abstract Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). We investigated the association between volumetric MBD measures, their changes over time, and BC risk in a cohort of women participating in the FEDRA (Florence-EPIC Digital mammographic density and breast cancer Risk Assessment) study. The study was carried out among 6148 women with repeated MBD measures from full-field digital mammograms and repeated information on lifestyle habits, reproductive history, and anthropometry. The association between MBD measures (modeled as time-dependent covariates), their relative annual changes, and BC risk were evaluated by adjusted Cox models. During an average of 7.8 years of follow-up, 262 BC cases were identified. BC risk was directly associated with standard deviation increments of volumetric percent density (VPD, HR 1.37, 95%CI 1.22–1.54) and dense volume (DV, HR 1.29, 95%CI 1.18–1.41). An inverse association emerged with non-dense volume (NDV, HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.69–0.98). No significant associations emerged between annual changes in VPD, DV, NDV, and BC risk. Higher values of MBD measures, modeled as time-dependent covariates, were positively associated with increased BC risk, while an inverse association was evident for increasing NDV. No effect of annual changes in MBD emerged.


Introduction: A patient-centered approach to outcomes assessment necessitates knowledge of the outcomes that patients deem most important for their quality of life and overall health. To assess patient expectations with regard to seeking spine care, we conducted a prospective study of what outcome metrics were deemed most valuable to patients seeking evaluation at a tertiary spine surgery center. Materials & Methods: Patients seeking evaluation at an academic spine surgery practice at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia were offered a survey at intake. The two-question survey explored the issues most important for consulting a neurosurgeon. Survey data was acquired over three months in early 2010. Of the surveys distributed, 335 responded, with 147 patients completing the full survey and 188 responding to the first question alone. Results: Pain was the primary impetus for patients seeking evaluation: 73.4% of the total surveyed group reported that pain in the back or neck was one of the major concerns for their visit. Similarly, 51% of responders indicated that pain in the back or neck was the single most important issue they wanted addressed. Frequency of responses dropped significantly for the next responses, including weakness/numbness in the leg (39.7%), problems walking (39.7%), pain shooting down the leg (30.7%), and problems sleeping (30.1%). Conclusions: It is possible that current outcomes measures for spine surgery, including the VAS, ODI, SF-36, and EQ-5D, are either excessive or insufficient and should be adjusted to reflect patient concerns. Changing these measures, enforcing conformance with patient-centered choices of which outcome measures are most valuable, would be one approach to producing patient-specific outcomes measures in spine surgery. Alternatively, present measures may be more comprehensive, and by reducing measures to what patients care about, the quality of data captured may be limited. To determine future directions for patient-centered care, similar surveys should be rigorously conducted, reviewed, and compared to validated outcomes.


From the time adult education emerged as a field of study, it has suffered a crisis of identity by which the field is increasingly defined by a lack of consensus regarding its larger aspirations and operational boundaries. The purpose of this article is to begin deconstructing and reconstructing the field of adult education phenomenologically by (a) exploring the basic historical assumptions and socially constructed, collectivist realities on which adult education founded its theory and practice in the modern era, (b) elucidating the postmodern turn these realities have taken in the past half century, and (c) reconciling adult education's historical mission with new realities facing the field. This article ultimately concludes that any viable conception of adult education must not only make postmodern individuals better competitors in the global marketplace, but must also help them and the organizations they comprise to define themselves within a larger autopoietic web of relations.


One of the fascinations of being associated with the travel research field is this exciting diversity. What I propose to suggest today is that because of this diversity, with the seemingly divergent goals of the many elements that make up the travel industrytourism, hotels, airlines, ships, resorts, scenic and historical attractions, rental services, media-all seem to be promoting their own narrow self interest. Let me categorically state that there is nothing intrinsically wrong with the already existing mutual interest groups to discuss common problems. But in almost every major travel interest group there is a national organization (NATO, PATA, AH&MA, HSMA, etc.) operating on a chapter basis. There is a critical need for a National Travel Research Organization and I would like to share some of my thoughts with you. As I perceive this National Travel Research Organization, there are four major objectives that it would fulfill.


Aflatoxins are important mycotoxins of contaminated peanut products.Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic,accounting for over 70% of aflatoxin analogues.In present paper,aflatoxin B1 was transformed into hemiacetal,namely aflatoxin B2a,and then conjugated to protein as immunogen by reduction of sodium borohydride.After the fourth boost immunization,spleen cells of the immunized Balb/c mouse were fused with freshly isolated SP2/0 myeloma cells.Through selecting and identifying with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),one clone 3A12 was obtained from cultured semi-solid medium.Sensitivity of antibody 3A12 reached 6.1±0.025ng/mL.The cross-reactivities with other aflatoxin analogues(aflatoxin B2,G1 and G2) were 7.8%,20.2% and 0.6% respectively,with aflatoxin M1 less than 0.1%.It offered an important foundation for aflatoxin B1-specific immuno-assay technologies and products.


The mobilities of the solution-processed n-type organic semiconductor, N,N′-di((Z)-9-octadecene)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-e), were dramatically improved (up to 30 times) by blending with electron donors. The reason can be assigned to the facilitated charge transport due to the increased stack-ordering and crystallinity of the spin-coated thin films after blending. This provides a new way to enhance the performance of existing organic semiconductors by intentional blending.


Sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs can be used to estimate sediment yields. In proglacial lakes, the bed sediment typically accumulates as varves, reflecting changes in seasonal and annual sedimentation. This report compares the results from two different methods of measuring suspended sediment transport in a Norwegian glacial river and lake. Sediment yields obtained from a study of sediment cores in the proglacial lake Nigardsvatn along with measurements of the delta topset were compared with a 25-year record of sediment transport based on automatic water sampling and water discharge measurements at a monitoring station at the inflowing river. During the period from 1980 to 2005, analyses of sediment cores taken from the lake bed along with measurements and grain size distribution analysis of the delta indicated that a volume of 175,670 to 202,697 m³ was deposited in the lake Nigardsvatn and corresponding river delta. The year 1980 was selected as a convenient starting point because a large-magnitude flood with a 100-year recurrence interval occurred at the end of 1979, leaving an easily recognizable sediment layer and accurate reference point. Sediment cores were taken at a total of 24 locations throughout the lake and 25 locations in the delta. The densities of the sediment cores were found to vary between 1.3 and 1.5 g/cm³ during the period examined in this study, giving a total suspended sediment load of between 175,670 and 202,697 tons. The measurements carried out at the sediment station in the glacier melt-water river gave a value of 294,800 tons during the same period. A final value of 211,100 tons is calculated from the monitoring station results after deduction of the sediment fraction which passes through the lake without being deposited. This gives a discrepancy between the two methods of 8,403 to 35,430 tons (4-20%). This can be partially attributed to the difficulties of measuring the water discharge in the unstable glacier meltwater river. In conclusion, sediment cores may be used to extrapolate or correct measurements from sediment monitoring stations over longer periods but caution should be made when considering single years.


Deep learning has been successively applied in Tangut character recognition, the most expensive and time-consuming part of which is the data annotation. Each Tangut character consists of one to several radicals, i.e. graphical components, and the number of radicals is far less than the Tangut characters, therefore we could annotate the Tangut characters with their radicals rather than annotate each characters. We have applied multi-label learning in detecting the radicals contained in Tangut characters, based on which any Tangut character could be represented with its radical set. The multi-label classifier is trained on the character-level annotated data together with the "Tangut character-radical dictionary" that help generate the radical vector for each Tangut character. We use a similar architecture of deep neural network with the one for recognizing Tangut characters, and replace the softmax activation function of the output layer with sigmoid, and use the cross entropy loss function. The radical extraction neural network has been used in accelerating the Tangut character annotation. Besides Tangut characters, the method could be applied in recognizing other characters that have no annotated dataset.


Ethyl isocyanate reacts at 306 K with isolated hydroxyl groups on the surface of magnesium oxide to form a urethane. The adsorption reaction is reversed by evacuation at high temperatures. Adjacent interacting hydroxyl groups and molecular water on magnesium oxide react with ethyl isocyanate to give 1,3-diethylurea which is adsorbed on the oxide as a perturbed "carboxylate-type complex" and carbon dioxide which with water gives a surface bicarbonate species. The 1,3-diethylurea complex decomposes to surface ethyl magnesium carbonate on evacuation at elevated temperatures. The latter species is also formed when ethyl isocyanate reacts with the surface of magnesium oxide at 673 K. Other products of he high temperature reaction include cyanide and isocyanate groups as ligands of surface magnesium ions, adsorbed carbonate ions, and products of the polymerization reactions of ethyl isocyanate, isocyanic acid, and hydrogen cyanide.


A generalized theory for transport under applied electrochemical potential and temperature gradients that includes multiband effects is presented. This theory relies on a newly defined density operator for multiband wave packets, whose dynamics containing diffusive and scattering contributions are captured in a generalized equation of motion. Given that the multiband energy structure determines the transport explicitly, the case of N degenerate bands within an isotropic constant relaxation time is considered as a particular case for illustration. Electric and thermal currents as well as transport properties are obtained through linear response and comparison to transport in a single band wave packet is provided. Our theory opens avenues for studying novel multiband effects and scattering processes in transport beyond the semiclassical single band approach.


In survival contexts, substantial literature exists on estimating optimal treatment regimes, where treatments are assigned based on personal characteristics for the purpose of maximizing the survival probability. These methods assume that a set of covariates is sufficient to deconfound the treatment-outcome relationship. Nevertheless, the assumption can be limited in observational studies or randomized trials in which non-adherence occurs. Thus, we propose a novel approach for estimating the optimal treatment regime when certain confounders are not observable and a binary instrumental variable is available. Specifically, via a binary instrumental variable, we propose two semiparametric estimators for the optimal treatment regime by maximizing Kaplan-Meier-like estimators within a pre-defined class of regimes, one of which possesses the desirable property of double robustness. Because the Kaplan-Meier-like estimators are jagged, we incorporate kernel smoothing methods to enhance their performance. Under appropriate regularity conditions, the asymptotic properties are rigorously established. Furthermore, the finite sample performance is assessed through simulation studies. Finally, we exemplify our method using data from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.


Wetlands provide important and diverse benefits to people around the world, contributing provisioning, regulating, habitat, and cultural services. Wetlands in South Africa are under pressure from drainage, clearance for cultivation, and encroachment of invasive plants. The aim of this study was to assess ecosystem services in Mngazi and Mdumbi wetland sites. In Mdumbi site, two areas were identified while four areas were identified in Mngazi site based on hydrogeomorphic units (HGM). A WET-Eco Services Tool was used to assess goods and services in each wetland site. Questionnaires were also used to solicit the perceptions of communities on wetland impacts. Results revealed that the wetland systems in the lower reaches of Mngazi and Mdumbi Rivers do render a series of services varying from one system to another depending on the size and type of hydrogeomorphic unit. High confidence rating was revealed in provision of natural resources and erosion control in all the wetlands of each site while moderate confidence rating was revealed for provision of erosion control, phosphate trapping, toxicant removal and nitrate removal. Low confidence rating was observed by carbon storage, cultural significance, education, tourism and recreation. The stream flow regulation, sediment trapping, maintenance of biodiversity and sediment trapping varied among wetlands with no clear pattern. In contrary, the majority of respondents perceived the wetlands as bad environments for crime and disasters. These results highlight a need for awareness on ecological importance of wetlands for their effective management.


Figure 1. Shows [he survival in Ihe captive environmen! oflonghorn xx/pins held al d~~~~~rent temperatures. Survival was greatest in animals thal were held at amhienr temperature (5°C). The onset ofmortality was faster in ,jish held ui higher temperalures. Allowing the temperalure to return IO amhiem in the 15°C (T) prolonged the survival of fish as compared to the group that rcmaincd at 15°C.


Key Features: Full-color diagrams and clinical photos illustrate surgical approaches used to correct cleft deformities Treatment algorithms to guide readers in choosing the best treatment option for each clinical problemThis book is an excellent how-to guide that otolaryngologists, facial plastic reconstructive surgeons, plastic surgeons, oral maxillofacial surgeons, and speech pathologists will read cover-to-cover and refer to whenever they need a refresher on how to tackle a particular cleft or velopharyngeal disorder.


Abstract Objectives: Objective was to evaluate anti-Müllerian-hormone (AMH) and parameters for insulin resistance (IR) in the main phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and to investigate their correlation for the first time in non-obese Chinese women. Methods: Within this prospective study, 160 PCOS cases and 40 healthy women, matched by age and BMI, were included. In four groups (n = 40) according to the four phenotypes of PCOS by definition of the National Institute of Health (2012), AMH, ovarian volume and number of follicles 2–9 mm were assessed as well as insulin resistance indexes (Homeostatic Model Assessment) (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Results: AMH levels were higher in PCOS than in controls, with differences comparing the phenotypes, highest in the group with all three criteria for PCOS. However, for HOMA-IR and QUICKI and correlation to AMH no significant differences were found. Conclusions: AMH is a useful parameter to assess in the different phenotypes the severity of PCOS, and to compare with healthy women, for the first time demonstrated in Chinese patients. In contrast, the parameters for IR and their relation to AMH did not show clear differences comparing the four phenotypes, and need further investigation. Chinese abstract 目的 首次评估中国非肥胖妇女多囊卵巢综合征的主要表型(PCOS)中抗苗勒管激素(AMH)和胰岛素抵抗参数(IR,并且探讨它们的相关性。 方法 这项前瞻性研究包括了160例PCOS患者和40名健康女性,年龄和体重指数均匹配。根据美国国立卫生研究院所定义的多囊卵巢的4个主要表型分成了4组(n=40),分别对AMH,卵巢体积和2-9mm的卵泡数目以及胰岛素抵抗指数(稳态模型)(HOMA-IR)和定量胰岛素敏感性检测指数(QUICKI)进行了评估。 结果 PCOS组的抗苗勒氏管激素水平高于对照组,不同表型存在差异,其中最高组高出三个标准差,然而,对于HOMA-IR QUICKI和相关抗苗勒氏管激素没有发现显著差异。 结论 AMH是一个有用的参数,可以评估不同表型多囊卵巢综合征的严重程度,并与健康妇女比较,这是首次在中国患者中论证。与此相反,胰岛素抵抗及其与AMH的相关性,四个表型并没有表现出显著差异,需要进一步的研究。


Purpose
Few extant studies have focused on digital rituals and investigated the relationship between them and customer citizenship behavior in the context of online brand communities (OBCs). This study aims to examine the sequential mediation mechanism of emotional energy and spiritual brand identification under interaction ritual theory and identifies membership prototypicality as the moderator.

Design/methodology/approach
An online investigation of 515 OBC users was conducted to gather data, and structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The empirical results revealed that OBC rituals were positively related to customer citizenship behavior. Emotional energy and spiritual brand identification could play mediating roles in the relationship between OBC rituals and customer citizenship behavior. Furthermore, there existed a sequential mediation mechanism with emotional energy as the first mediator and spiritual brand identification as the second. The effect of OBC rituals on emotional energy was more significant for peripheral members than prototypical members.

Practical implications
Managers of OBCs should conduct various ritualistic strategies to stimulate users to perform customer citizenship behaviors. Discrete ritualized activities should be intended for members of different prototypicalities.

Originality/value
This study provides a profound insight on how OBC rituals foster customer citizenship behavior and is among the first to explore such a relationship. It also investigates the sequential mediation mechanism, thus broadening the research on the influencing processes of OBC rituals on customer citizenship behavior.


Instant messaging applications are increasingly claiming to offer end-to-end encryption. Yet actual, user perspectives on the necessity, appropriateness, and desirability of such "secure apps" are poorly understood. This work considers two user surveys on university students, and focusing on both user perspectives and claimed level of security understanding for three secure instant messaging apps – Signal Private Messenger, the Secret Conversation feature of Facebook Messenger, and Crypho. The first survey maps the students' knowledge of secure instant messaging and common usage of these apps, while the second survey takes a closer look at the awareness and practices among those students who have used at least one of the target applications.


The physical products of splashing water drops were investigated with respect to several parameters: impact velocity, drop size, surface tension, radius of curvature and roughness of the target surface, and the depth of liquid film covering the surface of the target. It is shown that the number of droplets produced by a splash increases with surface roughness, impact velocity and drop size, but decreases with an increase in liquid film depth and with a reduction in surface tension of the drop. For a given drop size, the number of splash products is proportional to the kinetic energy of the drop at impact. The size distribution of splash products is approximately log-normal; the mean size of the ejected droplets (approx. 120 *m diameter) increases with drop size, surface roughness and depth of liquid film, but decreases with increasing impact velocity and with a reduction in surface tension. Certain empirical relationships are established which permit the number of splash products, N, to be estimated in terms of the conditions of impact. One such relationship gives N=3.4 R3V2-63, where R(mm) is the radius of a water drop impacting a flat solid surface with velocity V(ms-1). It is also shown that water drops of less than 0.75mm in radius require an impact velocity greater than their terminal velocity if they are to eject droplets.


As IC technology continues to evolve and more transistors are integrated into a single chip, high chip temperature due to high power density not only increases packaging/cooling cost, but also severely degrades reliability and the performance of computing systems. In the meantime, as transistor feature size continues to shrink, it becomes difficult to precisely control the manufacturing process. The manufacturing variations can cause significant differences from core to core and chip to chip. We believe that the heterogeneity due to manufacturing variations, if handled properly, can in fact improve the design objectives of real-time applications. In this paper, we study the problem on how to reduce the peak temperature of a real-time application by judiciously mirroring the physical architecture of an individual device to the logical architecture where the application was initially designed upon. We develop three computationally efficient algorithms for deploying applications to individual devices. Our simulation study has clearly shown that, by taking advantage of the uniqueness of each individual physical chip, the proposed approaches significantly reduce the peak temperature. The experiments also show that these approaches are efficient and have low operational cost.


A two-fluid model was applied to simulate compressible two-phase flow in JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory) nozzle and supersonic jet two-phase flow.And,the interactional mechanism of gas phase and particle phase,rules of particles flowing at different sizes were studied.Program "Solve2D" solving two-dimensional axisymmetric compressible two-fluid model with body-fitted coordinate system was developed.The program was used to solve gas phase Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations with k-e turbulence model.For particle phase,Euler equations were solved.Two phases were coupled through source terms.Gas-particle two-phase flow field of JPL nozzle and jet were studied under different particle mass percentages and different particle sizes.


The utility model discloses a vortex coal powder burner. A first air pipe is communicated with a first air nozzle by an inlet elbow of first air passing through a straight pipe section of first air and the center of the first air pipe is provided with a center pipe. The inner portion of the first air nozzle is provided with a sleeve pipe and the inner portion of the first air nozzle and the circle passage between the sleeve pipe and the first air nozzle are provided with a burning stabilizer. The burning stabilizer comprises the cone posts whose heights are gradually increased towards the direction of the first air nozzle along the axle direction uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve pipe. The post bodies of the cone posts form wave peaks and the space between two contiguous wave peaks forms a wave trough. The outer wall of the center pipe on the inlet portion of the sleeve pipe is provided with a concentrator which is a ring body surrounding the center pipe. The utility model solves the technical problems of high cost, large workload on equipment modification and easy damage on the equipment component in the background art. The high efficient burning of the coal powder is realized and also the coal type adaptability is improved and the combustion supporting oil of underload is saved. The structure is simple, the improvement expense is cheap and the implementation is easy.


Control of invasive species is receiving increasing attention, both in terms of the development of methodological tools and the documentation of negative effects of such species on native flora. A recurrent question focuses on the problem of optimal spatial allocation of resources in order to minimize the invasive population, while respecting practical constraints. Several theoretical frameworks exist to compute the optimal management strategy when the spatial distribution of the species is known; however, knowledge on spatial distribution is not often available. We propose to use a method from the field of image analysis, where the problem of images segmentation from noisy data is common and several statistical methods are available. We adapted these methods to the management of invasive species where only a rough estimate of the invasive spatial distribution is known. This first estimate is then used to compute the probability of presence of the species over space. These probabilities are in turn used to set-up an integer linear programming problem to compute the optimal allocation of control effort under cost constraints. We illustrate our method with the example of melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) control.


Enzymatic selective dephosphorylation of 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 3', 5'-diphosphate (1) with nuclease-3'-nucleotidase P1 at 60° for 24 hr gave 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-phosphate (Ara CMP) (2) in good yield. The acylation of both N4- and the 2', 3'-hydroxyl groups of 2 followed by coupling with various alcohols and phenols in the presence of 2, 4, 6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis afforded the title compounds (4). The resulting 32 kinds of Ara CMP alkyl or aryl esters were examined to determine their biological activities, such as antiviral activity against herpes simplex type 1 in cultured human embryonic lung fibroblast cells, growth inhibitory activity against mouse leukemic L5178Y cells in culture and antileukemic activity against L-1210 in mice. Ara CMP esters were active in these assay systems.


The acoustic performance of dissipative silencers, including the effects of both a mean flow
in the airway and an induced internal steady flow in the absorbent, are analysed. Finite
element models, based upon the modified Galerkin method, have been derived for the
determination of the noise attenuation of silencers, both by forced response and eigenvalue
analysis. The corresponding computer programs, incorporating subroutines from the NAG
Finite Element library, have been developed. [Continues.]


Ten monohydric alcohols (methanol through tert-amyl alcohol), representing a class of amphiphiles that contrast surfactants which efficiently solubilize hydrocarbon and brine, were mixed with equal volumes of hydrocarbons and brine of various salinities. The resulting multiphase mixtures were examined for the number of coexisting liquid phases and the partitioning of the alcohol among them. The patterns of phase behavior are similar to those observed with amphiphiles classified as surfactants. The dependence on salinity, hydrocarbon character, and temperature is similar also. The patterns of phase behavior in the alcohol systems may be characteristic of all amphiphile--hydrocarbon--brine systems. 5 figures, 5 tables.


Medicinal uses of edible and other plants for prevention and cure of obesity and overweight associated metabolic and mental health problems have since long been known to scholars and practitioners of Ayurvedic and other traditionally known system of medicine. Modernized versions of numerous edible plant derived formulations mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts are at present some of the most popular, or best selling, herbal remedies in India and numerous other countries suffering from double burden of diseases caused by malnutrition and obesity. Preclinical and clinical information now available on edible plants and their bioactive constituents justify traditionally known medicinal uses of products derived from them for prevention and cure of obesity associated type-2 diabetes, psychopathologies and other health problems. Such information now available on a few edible Ayurvedic plants and their formulations and suggesting that their stress response regulating effects are involved in their broad spectrums of bioactivity profiles are summarized in this communication. Implications of recent physiological and pharmacological observations made with numerous phytochemicals isolated from edible plants for better understanding of traditionally known medicinal uses of herbal remedies are also pointed out.


Glass fabric and Kevlar fabric reinforced recycled nonwovens were produced to form G-Ply and K-Ply high-modulus composites. Three types of composites — non-hot-pressed (N-), hot-pressed (H-) and laminated (L-) composites, were respectively combined by various plies, including non-treated G-Ply or K-Ply, hot-pressed G-Ply or K-Ply, and laminated-together G-Ply or K-Ply. Their acoustic absorption and puncture resistance were respectively discussed in terms of plies number, fabric interlayer, ply sequence and backed air thickness. It is found that the maximum acoustic absorption coefficient occurs at lower frequencies as increase of layers. The K-Ply N-composite shows higher porous acoustic absorption coefficient but lower puncture resistance as compared to G-Ply at more than three layers. The backed air improves acoustic absorption of N-composite almost at entire frequency and H-, L-composites at certain vibrating frequency. For combinations of one K-Ply and four G-Ply, the K-Ply sequence has a significant effect on acoustic absorption of N-composite and L-composite.


The New South Wales Court of Appeal's recommendation to abandon the terms 'economic duress' and 'illegitimate pressure' in relation to lawful-act duress claims in the 'Australia & New Zealand Banking Group v Karam' case is discussed. The merits and demerits of the recommendation are analysed, putting four questions to verify the plausibility of the Court's recommendation.


The calibration of nearby visual binary stars on the HR diagram is used to determine the helium abundance, age and mixing length parameter for stars other than the Sun. Four Population I low mass systems with high-quality data are analysed by means of standard evolutionary stellar models: Cas, 70 Oph, Boo and 85 Peg. Complementing these results with those for the Sun and Cenit is shown that in the framework of the mixing-length formalism to describe convection, a unique value of the mixing- length parameter, equal to the solar one can be used to model these objects. Except for the 85 Pegasi system, which cannot be explained by means of standard stellar evolutionary models, the helium abundance is determined with a precision of 0.02 (p.e.) and the age with a precision of 2 Gyr (p.e.). A concomitant positive re- lation between metallicity and helium abundance is found for these stars, corresponding to a mean value of about Y=Z 32 (relative helium-to-heavier-elements enrichment param- eter) but there is no clear correlation between age and metal- licity. The consequences of the results of the use of the new parallaxes from the HIPPARCOSmission are briefly discussed.


Some of Oikawa's work is extended; the space P(F) of compact extensions of an open unbordered Klein surface of finite genus is introduced. Some properties of compactness and connectedness of P(I) are obtained starting from the compactness and connectedness of P(F"), F" th. complex double of ,F'. The uniqueness of the extension is also studied.


Objective: To estimate the image difference and characteristic of CT and MRI to diagnosis on avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH).Methods: 46 patients who were suspected ANFH in clinical received detecting with CT and MRI,image characteristics were summarized with image-reading,and detection rates were contrast between CT scaning and MRI scaning.Results: Image characteristic of ANFH in CT was abnormal joint space,astral-like and crescent-like bone loss of femoral head,cystic of bone and density change of trabecular bone,image characteristic of ANFH in MRI was low signal on T1-weighted and high low signal on T2-weighted,or mixed high signal on T1-weighted and T2-weighted.Detection rate was 97.4% on MRI scaning and 89.5% on CT scaning.Conclusion: CT and MRI scaning can resecive characteristic image change,and have a qualitative dignosis,and MRI is more accurate in condition assessment.


Objective:To discuss the risk factors of portal vein thrombosis(PVT) after the operation in patients with portal hypertension.Methods:The clinical data of 153 cases of hepatic cirrhosis complicated with portal hypertension receiving disconnection from January 2006 to December 2010 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were divided into two groups according to formation of portal vein thrombosis.Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the risk factors such as age,sex,having hematemesis or not before the operation,operation time,intraoperative blood loss volume,diameter of the portal vein,blood flow speed of the portal vein,blood platelet count and prothrombin time.Results:The formation rate of PVT was 18.30%(28/153).The diameter of the portal vein was widened significantly,blood flow speed of the portal vein was descended obviously and blood platelet count was increased remarkably in the portal vein thrombosis group compared with those in the non-portal vein thrombosis group(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the diameter of the portal vein and the postoperative blood flow speed of the portal vein were the independent risk factors of PVT after the operation.Conclusion:The widening of the protal vein diameter and the descending of the portal vein flow speed are the main causes of PVT after the operation of disconnection.


Objectives We compared 2 sociocultural cohorts with different duration of exposure to graphic health warning labels (GHWL), to investigate a possible desensitisation to their use. We further studied how a differing awareness and emotional impact of smoking-associated risks could be used to prevent this. Setting Structured interviews of patients from the general respiratory department were undertaken between 2012 and 2013 in 2 tertiary hospitals in Singapore and London. Participants 266 participants were studied, 163 Londoners (35% smokers, 54% male, age 52±18 years) and 103 Singaporeans (53% smokers, p=0.003; 78% male, p<0.001; age 58±15 years, p=0.012). Main outcomes and measures 50 items assessed demographics, smoking history, knowledge and the deterring impact of smoking-associated risks. After showing 10 GHWL, the impact on emotional response, cognitive processing and intended smoking behaviour was recorded. Results Singaporeans scored lower than the Londoners across all label processing constructs, and this was consistent for the smoking and non-smoking groups. Londoners experienced more 'disgust' and felt GHWL were more effective at preventing initiation of, or quitting, smoking. Singaporeans had a lower awareness of lung cancer (82% vs 96%, p<0.001), despite ranking it as the most deterring consequence of smoking. Overall, 'blindness' was the least known potential risk (28%), despite being ranked as more deterring than 'stroke' and 'oral cancer' in all participants. Conclusions The length of exposure to GHWL impacts on the effectiveness. However, acknowledging the different levels of awareness and emotional impact of smoking-associated risks within different sociocultural cohorts could be used to maintain their impact.


First the author considers the system (1) x> У> e)> s x, y, s) and its: Cut Cut degenerate system (2) ~ f ( t , as, y, 0), g(f, x, y, 0) =0. In both noncritical and critical cases, sufficient conditions are established for the existence of almost periodic solutions of system (1) near the given solutions of system (2). The main method of proof is that, by performing suitable transformation, the author establishes exponential dichotomies, and then applies the theory of integral manifolds. Secondly, for the autonomous system (3) ~ ~ f ( x , У> s), s ~ = g ( x , y, a), analogous results are obtained by performing the Cut Cut generalized normal coordinate transformation.


In decentralised economies the financial markets has a key role, being considered as institutions that transfer entrepreneurial risk to consumers. The entrepreneurial risk is assumed by the investors as part of the industrial or infrastructure investment that could be considered as the engine of the economic growth. The risk related to the investments finally is transferred from the investors to the tax paying population which statistically can be considered as risk-averse. The problem of the investors is to determine the optimum balance between the assumed risk and the expected performance, but having a limited investment capital. In this paper we examined a simple version of the problem convincing risk-averse people to accept the purchase of risky assets by receiving an additional premium on it. Also, we focus on behaviour of investors who spend the entire investment at the end of the analysed period, but for simplicity we detach the time component of the equation.


Gastric cancer is a very common malignant disease, which etiology is still unknown. It is believed that it is caused by a joint activity of both genetic and environmental factors. Gastric cancer between relatives in some families is almost four times higher and in connection with truncating mutations in the E-cadherin gene. The Helicobacter pylori increases the cancer risk by about 5 times. Digito-palmar dermatoglyphics have already been used for determining hereditary base of some malignant diseases (breast, lung, colorectal cancer etc.), which gives an important impetus towards investigations of the latent structure in patients with gastric cancer (36 males and 32 females) and the control groups (200 males and 200 females). The factor analysis has shown that in both males and females with gastric cancer 5 factors were extracted and in males 79.65% and in females 79.58% of total variance was explained, and this result is different from control group where in males 5 factors and 72.37% of total variance were explained while in control females 6 factors and 76.57% of total variance were explained. The palmar ridge counts are extracted on the first factor in all groups, but extraction of the b-c ridge count and c-d ridge count together is found in male patients on the second factor and in the female patients on the third factor. In control groups those variables are extracted separately. From the obtained findings it can be concluded that the results of latent structure in quantitative analysis of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics are affirming the existence of genetic differences in patients suffered with gastric cancer.


We have brought forward the weighted serial iterative(WSI) algorithm which is employed to resolve the design of diffractive optical elements(DOE).As an example,a DOE is designed for transforming the input Gaussian beam into nearly flat top by this algorithm.The computed results indicate that the WSI algorithm is better than the GS algorithm in profile error,efficiency and top uniform.


Using tissue explantation and cryopreservation biotechniques, a quail embryonic fibroblast primary cell line was successfully developed, which performed by using 20 quail embryo samples and a stock of 25 cryovials, each one containing 3.0×10 6 cells. Most of the cells were apparently fibroblasts in their morphology, and the population doubling time (PDT) was about 48 h. The cells were tested for microbial contamination and found free of infections from bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasms. The total chromosome number of a diploid cell was 78 According to karyotyping and chromosome analysis. All the tests showed that the quality of the cell line conforms to the quality criteria of the ATCC (American type culture collection).This work succeeded not only in preserving the genetic resources of quail cells, but it also established a new protocol to preserve cell of avian breeds.


The polymerization of oil-in-water ternary microemulsions containing water, styrene, and vinylbenzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride (VDAC) was investigated. VDAC has a polymerizable vinylbenzyl group in the hydrophilic head. Stable transparent microemulsions were prepared by the solubilization of styrene monomer without addition of any cosurfactant. Polymerization of the microemulsions using an oil-soluble free radical initiator leads to either a transparent latex suspension or a hydrogel, depending on the composition. The transparent hydrogels contain up to 92 wt % water and exhibit a reversible gel-to-sol transition on increasing temperature. The hydrogels can be diluted with water to form a clear solution above the gel-to-sol transition. The polymer structure was analyzed using NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure nanoparticle size, while dynamic rheological experiments were performed to characterize the structure of the hydrogels.


The electric field distribution of electric field periodic poling of ferroelectric is analyzed by finite element method in this paper.The impact of fringing field on poling progress is discussed in detail and a comparison between two approaches of electrode configuration,comb-like and frame-like,is made.The numerical analysis revealed a competing process of large period and small period area exhibited while simultaneously poling multiple period.Defects,such as broken strip and small protrusion occurring in the lithographically defined periodic electrode and residual bubble within electrolyte,are investigated,showing a great impact on the quality of poling.The numerical results achieved in this paper are useful for explaining some experimental phenomena.


We determined reference levels of minerals, fatty acids, and fat-soluble micronutrients in eggs from wild Attwater's Tympanuchus cupido attwateri and two (Minnesota, Nebraska) greater prairie-chicken T. c. pinnatus populations for comparison with eggs produced by captive Attwater's prairie-chickens to help guide formulation and evaluation of captive diets. Levels of all minerals found in wild Attwater's prairie-chicken eggs were similar to those in at least one of the two greater prairie-chicken populations, but these levels frequently differed between the two greater prairie-chicken populations. Ratios for n-6:n-3 fatty acids were >3 times higher for Minnesota greater prairie-chickens, which had more access to waste grain than Attwater's or Nebraska greater prairie-chickens. Captive eggs had n-6:n-3 ratios 6.7 times the pooled wild samples, while wild eggs had higher levels of anhydrolutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. More magnesium, zinc, and manganese were observed in wild eggs compared with those produced in captivity. Flaxseed was added to the captive breeder diet in an attempt to lower egg n-6:n-3 ratios, along with additional carotenoids found in marigold extract. These dietary modifications successfully lowered the n-6:n-3 ratio by 46%, but this ratio was still 3.6 times higher in captive eggs, consistent with the grain-based formulation of the breeder diet. Carotenoid additions successfully raised total carotenoids, but increases were primarily for lutein and not zeaxanthin or β-carotene as intended. Variability in egg nutrient composition among the three wild populations suggests that some tolerance exists in maternal diets, but impacts to offspring fitness are unknown. Given the purported importance of maternal nutrition to fitness of embryos and neonate chicks, we suggest additional research is needed to quantify the influence of key nutrient levels on offspring fitness for both captive and wild populations.


The research subject is the tourist in Freeway Service Area. In the past references, most of the researches focus on the hardware equipment, service quality, and Customer Satisfaction. This research aims to find out how is the relationship and impact between tourism rest image, travel service quality, customer satisfaction, travel relationship quality, customer's willingness to revisit the service area. The questionnaires are issued randomly in Qingshui, Tai'an, and Siluo service area, and the grand total provides 420 questionnaires, 130 questionnaires each service area. 400 questionnaires are collected. Ruling out the invalid ones, 360 of the questionnaires are effective. The effective correspondling rate is 86%. This research uses the statistical method of SPSS18 and AMOS to practice Descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Reliability and Validity, regression analysis, one-way ANOVA, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result is as below: 1.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between tourism rest image and relationship quality. 2.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between tourism rest image and satisfaction. 3.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between service quality and relationship quality. 4.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. 5.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between tourism rest image and revisiting willingness. 6.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between Service quality and revisiting willingness. 7.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between relationship quality and revisiting willingness. 8.There is a significant positive impact on the relationship between satisfaction and revisiting willingness. Keywords:Tourism Rest Image,Service quality,Relationship quality,Satisfaction, Revisiting willingness


The urban wetlands of Bogota have preserved endemic fauna among which stands out the spot-flanked Gallinule (Gallinula melanops bogotensis) as an endemis subspecies of the wetland system of the Eastern Cordillera in the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyaca. The few wetlands that still exist in the area of Bogota and its surroundings have been considered the most threatened ecosystems in Colombia and as a result the populations of G. m. bogotensis have dropped significantly. The aim of this study was to establish the abundance of the species through continuous monitoring for three consecutive years, indicating in turn the habitat requirements for maintaining the species. Direct counts were performed three times per month in the morning from January 2008 to March 2010 for a total of 69 days of sampling. To complement the study, specific observations were made during four full days taking activity data. Even if the wetland has suffered permanent changes a population with reproductive activity remains. The relative abundance of the population showed changes over the months, sectors and age groups sampled. The observations of the behavior of G. m. bogotensis showed a higher habitat use, reflected in greater abundance, relative to sectors that keep floating vegetation, while at the reeds, the round and recorded plant associations the species was less abundant in all the sectors studied.


Exposing bovine dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MΦ) to Salmonella typhimurium at a ratio of 1 cell to 10 bacteria had a cytotoxic effect that was not evident with a ratio of 1000 cells to 1 bacterium. This lower dose was considered to mimic more closely the in vivo situation and a comparison was made with this model of the consequences of infection for MΦ and DC. DC infected with S. typhimurium up‐regulated cell surface expression of major histocompatibility class I (MHC‐I), MHC‐II, CD40, CD80 and CD86. In contrast, infected MΦ did not exhibit detectable changes in expression of cell surface molecules, except for a marginal increase in CD40. mRNA transcription for tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase was up‐regulated in both infected DC and infected MΦ, although mRNA transcription for granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and IL‐12p40 was up‐regulated only in infected DC and for IL‐10 was only in infected MΦ. Infected DC had an increased ability to stimulate both allogeneic and antigen‐specific T‐cell responses compared to non‐infected controls. In contrast, infected MΦ showed an increased ability to induce allogeneic responses but this was less than seen for DC and no enhancement of ability to induce antigen‐specific T cell responses was seen. Thus, in a low‐dose infection model that does not result in the cytotoxicity of a substantial percentage of antigen presenting cells, bovine MΦ and DC respond differently to infection with S. typhimurium and this could have important implications for the development of the immune response.


A method and apparatus for separating isotopic ions by means of an opposed electric field and centrifugal force is described. The combined effect of centrifugal force and radial electric field can be adjusted to completely separate a heavier ion from a lighter one in one operation. Centrifugal accelerations of the order of 10/sup 5/g are required and are obtained by causing the solution of ions to be separated and to be pumped at high linear speed through a spiral conduit. The spiral groove is lincd with a conducting tape on which ions may be electrolytically deposited. Means for regulating flow rate and electric field strength are given. (T.R.H.)


Phase diagrams for reversibly associating one-end-functionalized chain molecules (with an emphasis on hydrogen bonding) are determined by computer simulations of a cubic lattice model employing canonical and grand canonical Monte Carlo methods. Due to the relatively short chain lengths used, the stability of the homogeneous state is strongly enhanced compared to mean-field random phase approximation predictions. Characteristic phenomenon such as reappearing phases and macrophase separation into two phases, at least one of which is microphase separated, are observed and discussed.


The invention discloses a clamp for transporting a semi-finished product of an alloy roll collar. The clamp comprises an upper clamping belt and a lower clamping belt; a cavity matched with the semi-finished product of the alloy roll collar is formed between the upper clamping belt and the lower clamping belt; and the upper clamping belt and the lower clamping belt are connected through a fixing device. The clamp provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience for use; and the semi-finished product of the alloy roll collar can be protected well by the upper clamping belt and the lower clamping belt provided by the invention, so that the semi-finished product of the alloy roll collar cannot deform or be damaged in a transporting process.


The concept of learning experience holds its eminent place within the paradigm of constructivism in contemporary educational science. The study process is being designed and construed to foster educative experiences in accordance with the desired learning outcomes. Transformative learning theory and the concept of perspective transformation marks a specific type of learning experience – one that reconstructs the frame of reference of the learner. Such a paradigmatic shift is also considered necessary for large-scale educational reforms to succeed. Transformative learning theory itself doesn't provide clear-cut solutions for implementation of a certain reform ideology, to the contrary – it questions the assumptions that guide one's action in order to construct a more inclusive, better informed and functional meaning perspective which may disagree with the assumptions that are imposed institutionally. As part of teacher professional development, transformative learning practices hold a promise for emancipation of the teaching profession and the development of agency. This article theorizes the concept of learning experience from the perspective of phenomenology and the theory of transformative learning, bringing forward the concept of transformative learning experience. The aim of the research is to explore the concept of transformative learning experience as an object of study within teacher professional development.


City charters tend to reflect the ideas, problems, and political power relationships that exist during the time that the charter is written and debated. Although a city charter is the basic framework of a city and is supposed to be analogous to what the U.S. Constitution is to the national government, city charters are seldom as general and tend to be too specific and, therefore, in greater need of amendment and periodic revision.


Maximum power point tracker algorithms play an important role in the optimization of the power and the efficiency of a photovoltaic generator 'PVG'. We made the comparison between two algorithms currently implemented for the power optimization of PVG. These algorithms are based on the Perturb & Observe and the Conductance-Increment methods allowing the Maximum Power Point Tracking, 'MPPT', principle. The study leads us to conclude that these algorithms are not well adapted for PVG exposures in very unfavorable but realistic external conditions.


The Bach Compendium (Bc)-an 'analytic-bibliographic' catalogue of Bach's works edited by Hans-Joachim Schulze and Christoph Wolff--appears at an opportune moment. One the one hand, the great flood of research unleased in the 1950s has reached the point where even the most tenacious specialist sometimes finds it hard to keep track of it all; at the same time, the pace of discovery has slowed, and the picture stabilized, enough to allow the kind of stock-taking that a project like this presupposes. Readers may thus expect the Compendium to provide a thorough, trustworthy guide to Bach's works that will not soon face the obsolescence that


Aurora von Königsmarck's letters from Medevi show the outstanding role this celebrated baroque poetess played in the gallant festival culture at the Swedish court. They tell of courtly festivals taking place at the famous health spa Medevi in August 1682. They uncover festivals which do not appear in official festival books. So these letters represent very important documents of cultural history, allowing a fresh sight on courtly festival culture. This article inquires the gallant performance of Aurora's letters, investigates them for well-known models, motifs and journals of courtly-gallant festivals and emphazises their political and aesthetical relevance. With her various artistical contributions Aurora tries to influence her position within the Swedish nobility. The festivals follow the French festival culture of Ludwig XIV. and are to be interpreted as synthesis of the arts, including several arts. Aurora's letters are not only descriptions, but also a part of this synthesis of the arts.


Objective To analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods The clinical data of 276 patients with pancreatic cancer who had been admitted to our department from September 1995 to August 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.Cox regression analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic head cancer or pancreatic body and tail cancer,and Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the median survival time.The effects of tumor location on the prognosis were examined by Log-rank and Breslow test.Results Cox regression analysis showed that the diameter of tumor,invasion of the superior mesenteric vessel and treatment method were the independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic head cancer;while age,lymphadenectasis and treatment method were the independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic body and tail cancer.The median survival time of patients with pancreatic head cancer and pancreatic body and tail cancer after radical resection were 460 days and 480 days,which were significantly longer than 240 days and 200 days of patients who received palliative treatment or gave up treatment.The median survival time of patients with whole pancreatic cancer was 117 days,which was significantly shorter than 330 days of patients with pancreatic head cancer and 300 days of pancreatic body and tail cancer.Conclusions Radieal resection is currently the best choice for pancreatic cancer.The prognosis is poor for patients with pancreatic head cancer(diameter≥4 cm)and invasion of the superior mesenteric vessel.Patients with age≤60 and lymphadenectasis are the factors resulting in poor prognosis of pancreatic body and tail cancer.The prognosis of patients with pancreatic head cancer and pancreatic body and tail cancer are close.Patients with whole pancreatic cancer is in the terminal stage with the worst prognosis.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms; Surgjcal procedure; Prognosis


Fixed-frequency digital current mode control (CMC) offers high performance and energy efficiency by using real-time controller tuning and energy optimization algorithms. The paper shows that the effect due to finite sampling leads to structurally different sub-harmonic instability that results in duty ratio saturations, thereby significantly increasing RMS current and ripple parameters. Using mixed-signal CMC (MCMC) with fixed-frequency trailing-edge modulation in a DC-DC boost converter, it is demonstrated using experimental results that an increase in the proportional gain kp results in sub-harmonic instability, in which structural stability property is lost for a relatively larger value of kp. This results in duty ratio saturations with substantially higher RMS current. On the other hand, constant off-time modulation using event-based sampling is shown to retain structural stability in MCMC for the entire operating range, which may lead to smooth bifurcation for a substantially higher of kp. Possible evolutions of the inductor current within a switching cycle are demonstrated and the onset of structural instability for the former is analyzed. Discrete-time models are derived and the benefits of using constant off-time MCMC are presented over fixed-frequency MCMC using experimental and simulation results. This paper will be helpful to identify suitable high performance digital CMC methods.


Significance Optical properties of materials are governed by nanoscale charge motion induced by ultrafast light fields. Here, we demonstrate that the electrostatic force originating from light-induced electron motion in a dielectric can be measured using atomic force microscopy. We observe changes in the force originating from second-order nonlinear optical interactions in the sample on a sub-15-nm scale and 100-fs time resolution. The time resolution is set by the light pulse characteristics, not by the properties of the force sensor. Our method does not rely on nonlinear tip–sample interactions, thus advancing the possibility to observe ultrafast nonlinear light–matter interactions with spatial resolution in any material. We envision this technique will allow the correlation of nanometer structure with light-induced time-resolved kinetics. The nonlinear optical response of a material is a sensitive probe of electronic and structural dynamics under strong light fields. The induced microscopic polarizations are usually detected via their far-field light emission, thus limiting spatial resolution. Several powerful near-field techniques circumvent this limitation by employing local nanoscale scatterers; however, their signal strength scales unfavorably as the probe volume decreases. Here, we demonstrate that time-resolved atomic force microscopy is capable of temporally and spatially resolving the microscopic, electrostatic forces arising from a nonlinear optical polarization in an insulating dielectric driven by femtosecond optical fields. The measured forces can be qualitatively explained by a second-order nonlinear interaction in the sample. The force resulting from this nonlinear interaction has frequency components below the mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever and is thus detectable by regular atomic force microscopy methods. The capability to measure a nonlinear polarization through its electrostatic force is a powerful means to revisit nonlinear optical effects at the nanoscale, without the need for emitted photons or electrons from the surface.


Wastewater containing unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was treated with oxidation method of chlorine dioxide, and the chemical reaction mechanism was determined through data analysis. The wastewater was treated with multistage oxidation column and activated carbon adsorption column. Results showed that mole ratio of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine to chlorine dioxide was controlled between 1: 9 and 1: 11,and multistage oxidation column series were used to enhance oxidization efficiency and utilization of chlorine dioxide. Under the conditions of mole ratio of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine to chlorine dioxide 1: 9,oxidation temperature 15℃,assembly time 15d,flow rate of wastewater through ф25×400 adsorption column (100g activated carbon) was 3mL/min. The treated wastewater can satisfy GB8978-1996 standard for wastewater discharge.


Medical Economics editorial board member Gregory Hood, MD, shares his opinion about the Supreme Court ruling on the Affordable Care Act.


The invention discloses a method for preparing one-dimensional nanorod self-assembled flower type three-dimensional Nb2O5. The method mainly comprises the following steps: by taking NbCl5, HO2CCO2H.2H2O and NH4F as raw materials, controlling the NH4F concentration and dripping speed, adding the mixed solution into a stainless steel high pressure reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner under the condition that any surfactant and template agent are not added, reacting at the temperature of 160-220 DEG C for 16-20 hours, cooling to room temperature, taking the material out of the reactor, performing suction filtration on the solution, washing for several times so as to remove impurities by using deionized water, drying at the temperature of 60 DEG C for 2 hours, thereby obtaining a white powdery substance; performing high-temperature calcination on the white powdery substance at the temperature of 450-600 DEG C in a muffle furnace for 2 hours, thereby obtaining the flower type three-dimensional Nb2O5. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in operating process, low in time consumption, readily available in raw materials, non-toxic and harmless in solvent and environmentally friendly.


Fatigue strength of axles depends on press fits at wheel seats, gear seats and journal bearings. A full-scale axle test machine has been used at the Railway Technical Research Institute for a decade. This paper presents results on fatigue of axles from fretting corrosion and minute cracks at the wheel seat. The effects of fillets, induction hardening and crack depth are reported. Crack propagation and permissible crack depth are now under investigation.


The study attempts to reveal the publication pattern of the scholarly literature published in "Parikalpana"-The KIIT Journal of Management from the period of 2004 to 2015 and to depict different facets of publication trends. Area of the study is confined to the publications accommodated in four volumes of the journal from 2004 to 2015 and employs the required bibliometric measures. The study reveals that the multi-authored articles of this journal are found more compared to the single and double authored publications. The degree of collaboration of the publications of this particular journal is 75. It is evident from the present study that, Male contributors (162) predominated over female contributors (62). Similarly, analysis of country-wise productivity, India, being the host country, is ahead of other countries of the world.


Abstract The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is used to investigate the detailed mesoscale flow structure over the Mexico City region for a 3-day period in February 1991. The model simulation is compared with rawinsonde and tethersonde profile data and measurements from two surface stations in the southwestern part of Mexico City. The model results show that downward momentum transfer from aloft increases southerly winds near the surface on the first case day, effectively sweeping pollution from the basin surrounding Mexico City. Thermally driven circulations within the basin, in adjacent valleys, and over the slope of the Mexican Plateau strongly influence winds within the Mexico City basin on the second case day. These wind systems produce a complex interaction of flows, culminating in the propagation of a 1-km-deep density current circulation through Mexico City that displaces the polluted basin air mass aloft. Regional northeasterly flows develop early in the morning of the third case day ...


Skeletal muscle is the main composition to body weight in fish,which provides an important indicator for somatic growth.To fully understand skeletal muscle development of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi) at the early stage,paraffin sections of the first dorsal myomere of skeletal muscle at 1-41 days after hatching were carried out;fiber numbers and total fibre area were measured to describe hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle.The results showed that skeletal muscle growth of mandarin fish included increasing of both fibre numbers(hyperplasia) and fibre area(hypertrophy) at the early development stage,the total fiber numbers in the right first dorsal myomere increased from 40 to 520,and the total fiber area increased from 805.30 μm2 to 186 422.77 μm2.During the 1-9 days after hatching,the relative increased fiber numbers decreased and the relative increased fibre area raised slowly,the contribution rate of hyperplastic growth dropped dramatically from 60.53% to 8.80%,as opposite to hypertrophic growth.At the period of 9-15 days after hatching,the relative increased fiber numbers raised and relative increased area was on a steady phase,the contribution rate of hyperplastic growth increased from 8.80% to 20.26%,while hypertrophic growth contribution ratio decreased slightly.At the 15-41 days after hatching,both the relative increased fiber numbers and area were on the rise,the contribution rate of hyperplastic growth decreased to a steady phase and hypertrophic growth(from 79.76% to 87.41%) gradually became the dominant contributor of skeletal muscle growth.


High-quality cellulose-acrylic ester molded plastic(CAEMP) was prepared by controlling molding temperature at140 ℃,under molding pressure 39.2 MPa for 12 min.The effects of cellulose particle size,mold discharging agent,polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) types and the mass ratio of cellulose to PMMA on properties of molded plastics were compared.High performance of molded plastics with 49 MPa flexural strength,2 708 MPa flexural modulus,1.98 kJ/m2 impact strength and 0.78 % water absorption was obtained under the conditions of cellulose diameter 19 μm,the use of PMMA-7 powder,mass ratio of cellulose fiber to PMMA of 75:25 and the use of organosilicon as mold discharging agent.


With the wide use of imaging systems in scientific studies, automated image analysis has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. Automated image analysis can extract meaningful information from raw images and generate novel insight, having superiority in processing efficiency and assessment objectivity over manual image analysis. Since many image analysis tasks can be essentially viewed as problems of feature mapping, feature extraction plays a pivotal role in automated image analysis. Feature extraction methods can be generally divided into hand-crafted methods and deep learning methods. Hand-crafted methods have comparatively better interpretability, and their processing procedures can be well controlled by explicitly defined parameters. Representative hand-crafted features include edges, lines, and blobs. Deep learning methods have a powerful ability to learn and represent features, and thus, they can accomplish comparatively more complex tasks. Hand-crafted methods and deep learning methods are not mutually exclusive. Many deep learning methods have greatly benefited from hand-crafted features. Therefore, it is still necessary to further explore the potential of hand-crafted features to have more explicit toolkits, and to provide more explanations for deep learning techniques. Moreover, it would be worth developing methods that jointly exploit the advantages of hand-crafted methods and deep learning methods.
In bioscience engineering, although a large amount of image analysis methods have been developed, there are still many particular tasks that remain unsolved. In aquaculture, the brine shrimp Artemia is a widely used cost-effective diet for fish and crustaceans, and recently, the number of Artemia studies is increasing. Since Artemia objects are very small in size, they are usually observed by a stereo-microscope, which can acquire a large amount of Artemia images containing many Artemia objects. Conventionally, most of the Artemia image analysis tasks are carried out manually, which is rather time-consuming and labor-intensive. Hence, it is quite necessary to design tailor-made methods for analyzing Artemia images.
In this thesis, on the one hand, we investigate several Gaussian-based convolutional kernels to extract hand-crafted features. We present the normalized first-order derivative of anisotropic Gaussian kernel that can detect multiscale edges with a good noise-robustness. This kernel is applied to contour detection and superpixel segmentation. Also, we develop a line detection method using the normalized and adaptive second-order anisotropic Gaussian kernel. This method can effectively detect multiscale lines in a noisy environment. For blob characterization, we propose the unilateral second-order Gaussian kernel that can quantitatively measure the blob prominence, scale, and position, while yielding little response for non-blob structures. The favorable properties of this kernel are confirmed in image denoising. Moreover, we propose a blob detection method using iterative Laplacian-of-Gaussian filtering and the unilateral second-order Gaussian kernel. This method can handle overlapping blobs effectively. On the other hand, aiming at automated Artemia image analysis, we propose an Artemia detection and counting method using U-shaped fully convolutional networks and deep convolutional networks. Besides, by jointly using deep learning techniques and hand-crafted features, we develop an automated method that can measure the Artemia length accurately in images. All the proposed methods are validated on either widely adopted datasets or in-house datasets.


Objective:To select the best extractive fraction of Ertong Tongbi Mixtrue(ETM),the effective parts of ETM was extracted and thier rationality was proved by pharmacological tests on anti-theumatioid.Methods:The extractive was divided into three groups(Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ).Rat arthritis model(AA modle)was made.The rat was infused by intragastric gavage with different groups of extractive,the degree of rat foot swelling was measured,the level of cytokine IL-2 and IL-6 in serum was tested,and the change of joints was checked by Pathological and histlolgy.Results:All extractive groups on foot swelling can mitigate inflammation and edema.The effects of group Ⅱ is gisnificantly compare to model group(P0.01).The effects of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ on releasing synovial membrane arthropathy and cartilage injuring are remarkable(P0.01).The groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ can decrease the level of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum of AA rat.Conclusion:The best extractive is group Ⅲ.


Topiramate (TPM) is a structurally novel broad‐spectrum anticonvulsant known to modulate the activity of several ligand‐ and voltage‐gated ion channels in neurons. These include an inhibitory effect on the AMPA and kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors, mixed modulatory effects (usually positive) on some types of GABAA receptors, negative modulatory effects on some types of voltage‐gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, and a positive modulatory effect on at least one type of K+ channel. The nature of these effects at the molecular level has not been established, but two previous studies have implicated the phosphorylation state of these receptor/channel complexes as an influencing factor in the activity of TPM. Here, we report that the ability of TPM to inhibit a kainate‐induced accumulation of free Ca2+ in cultured neurons from rat cerebral cortex is inversely related to the level of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (cAPK) mediated phosphorylation of kainate‐activated receptors/channels. Specifically, when cell cultures were pre‐treated with forskolin or dibutyryl cAMP, indirect activators of cAPK, the activity of TPM was abolished, whereas when the cells were pre‐treated with H89, an inhibitor of cAPK, the relative activity of TPM was enhanced. The results of this study support the hypothesis that TPM binds to phosphorylation sites on AMPA and kainate receptors, but only in the dephosphorylated state and thereby exerts an allosteric modulatory effect on channel conductance.


This article investigates, by probabilistic methods, various geometric questions on B n p , the unit ball of ln p . We propose realizations in terms of independent random variables of several distributions on B n p , including the normalized volume measure. These representations allow us to unify and extend the known results of the sub-independence of coordinate slabs in B n p . As another application, we compute moments of linear functionals on B n p , which gives sharp constants in Khinchine's inequalities on B n p and determines the 2-constant of all directions on B n p . We also study the extremal values of several Gaussian averages on sections of B n p (including mean width and l-norm), and derive several monotonicity results as p varies. Applications to balancing vectors in l 2 and to covering numbers of polyhedra complete the exposition.


It must have been quite an easy task patent the world's first invention, whatever it happened to be. The chances are, however, that it may not have brought the fortune that its owner anticipated. To the adventurous innovator there may appear perhaps two divisions of the world – inventors and exploiters of inventors. It may be more realistic to identify that there are developments looking for markets and markets looking for developments. It is the successful fusion, however, of these two end-points which indicates the way forward for both the health of research and development and the more broadly based health the economy.


The title of the bachelor thesis is Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union and its relationship to the state Ukraine . The bachelor thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a historical outline of the development of Ukraine, from ancient history to the moment of its creation in 1991. The second chapter deals with the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, namely its origins and development, its objectives and institutional structure. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to the question of Ukraine since 1991, its first issues and relations with the EU and Russia and the period around the Orange Revolution. Another chapter deals with the period of Ukraine after the Orange Revolution, when there were two important initiatives - the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership. The last chapter focuses on the very Ukrainian crisis while pursuing initiatives of its origin, its development, and finally reaction of the European Union.


This book builds on the lessons from public institutions and programs to support innovation, both successful and failed, from Europe and Central Asia (ECA) as well as China, Finland, Israel, and the United States. Field visits to these countries were hosted by the innovation and scientific agencies of the respective governments, strengthening the international experiences presented here. This book is a culmination of ten years of analytic and operational work led by the private and financial sector development department and the chief economist's office of the ECA region of the World Bank. Several regional reports and country policy notes exploring these issues have been published over the years. The book also reflects the lively discussion in the ongoing series of flagship events to promote knowledge based economies in the region. The most recent knowledge economy forum was held in Berlin in 2010, hosted by the fraunhofer center for Central and Eastern Europe. The book identifies policies that have an adverse affect on innovation. It also identifies policy gaps that, if filled, could have a catalytic effect on private sector innovation.


In the present invention, the orientation of a component is arranged and the component is accommodated in a cavity of an accommodation member. A component pathway (22) is provided above a transport surface (16s) on which a component (2) is placed, said pathway (22) extending from a first opening (22s) to a second opening (22t), said pathway (22) being longer than at least the distance between a pair of facing side surfaces (2b) of the component (2), and said pathway (22) being narrower than the distance between the end faces (2a) of the component (2). The accommodation member (12), which has a plurality of cavities (13) continuing from a main surface (12a) and extending in parallel to the main surface (12a), is disposed such that the cavities (13) extend in parallel to the transport surface (16s), one end side of the cavities (13) in the extension direction being adjacent to the second opening (22t), and the other end side of the cavities (13) in the extension direction forming an obtuse angle with the component pathway (22), the other end side of the cavities (13) in the extension direction being vacuum-suctioned by a suction member (14).


Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of'Golden Delicious' and 2 replicates of'Yorking'. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 6-yr-old and planted to a spacing of 20 × 30 ft. Carzol treatments were applied as alternate side applications with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/acre at 2.0 mph for a complete spray. The Swat treatment (14 and 28 Jun) and the Safer Soap and oil treatments were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a handgun. Approximately 3.3 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree (ca 240 gal/acre). All plots were oversprayed with Dithane M-45 on a biweekly schedule.


Ab initio electronic-structure calculations are reported for coherent and incoherent Nb/Cu multilayers. An incoherent unit cell describing three Nb BCC (110) layers and three Cu FCC (III) layers is constructed for the layers in the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation and with relaxed atomic positions at the interface. It is found that the total density of states is a combination of the broadened DOS curves of the parent metals and that at the interface Nb has a decreased, and Cu has an increased, indensity of states at the Fermi energy. These results are in agreement with experimental results and for Nb can be explained by a broadening of the density of states. Possible coherency for small modulation wavelengths is investigated by calculating the total energies for overall BCC (110) and overall FCC (111) Nb/Cu multilayers consisting of one layer of each metal and comparing these with the total energy results of the incoherent structure. The positive interface energy found for the Nb/Cu system favours the incoherent multilayers over the coherent multilayers where a positive structural energy is also involved.


This article deals with the importance of the cultural component in the formation of a linguistic personality, since it reflects the national mentality and serves as a guarantee of the effectiveness of mastering a foreign language and its subsequent use.


Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance and variable expressivity. It involves multiple organ systems. Pathogenesis of this syndrome is attributed to mutations in the PTCH-1gene. Diagnosis of this syndrome is based on major and minor criteria. The most common finding of this syndrome is multiple odontogenic keratocysts in the jaws. Recurrence of this lesion is most characteristic. A case report of 33 years male patient with GorlinGoltz syndrome is presented here.


Objective To explore the sex life qua1ity of patients with depressive neurosis and the importance of the therapy on the quality. Methods Questionnaire and MMPI tests were used to analyze thc factors affecting the sex life quality of the patients and to estimate the therapy efficacy. Results 86.8%The patients with depressive neurosis was not satisfied with tsex life. The sex life of most patients was recovered after the therapy. Conclusions The sex life qua1ity of patients with depressive neurosis is descendent.Descending sex life quality may aggravate depressive neurosis.Paying close attentiont to the sex life quality of the patients might be advantageous for their recovery from illness.


To the Editor.—Lucey and Hutchins1 investigate whether Sir William Osler, who performed almost 1000 autopsies during his career, performed even a single autopsy while at Johns Hopkins. Their article focuses on a patient with bilateral congenital cystic kidney disease and then quibbles with Bliss's biography as to whether the autopsy was performed by Osler (ie, as the ''prosector'') or whether Osler merely assisted William MacCallum, a Hopkins pathologist. Although it is admirable that the authors were able to identify the case in question within the records of the autopsy service at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and build a case for Osler being at the autopsy table as an assistant, the article does not address the more interesting question of why Osler never functioned as an independent autopsy pathologist at Hopkins. Osler was recruited to Hopkins from Philadelphia, where he was a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and a ''visiting physician'' at Blockley Hospital, an almshouse for treating indigent patients. It was at Blockley that Osler performed his 162 Philadelphia autopsies, and it is well documented that Osler and his residents played very loosely with institutional autopsy consent regulations, that Osler was constantly in trouble with Blockley administration because of this, and that Osler totally ignored the authority of Blockley's 2 staff autopsy pathologists, E. O. Shakespeare and H. F. Formad. According to Bliss, ''Complaints about post-mortem abuses reached the Blockley trustees, both from the public and from the pathologists whom Osler and his acolytes tended to ignore. . . . Blockley gradually tightened its procedures to rein in Osler and his residents.'' 2 During Osler's 4 years at Blockley, the autopsy consent procedures were adjusted several times to regulate or prohibit performance of autopsies by ''visiting physicians.'' 3,4 According to Henry Ware Cattell, a pathologist at the University of Pennsylvania and Blockley in the 1890s, the custom at Blockley, even though it was not strictly legal, had been to permit postmortem examinations on ''all persons dying in charitable institutions'' and that ''this custom prevailed . . . with practically no opposition, until lawsuits, arising out of this custom, caused it to be discontinued.'' 5 Essentially, Blockley was the Wild West on the North American autopsy frontier, and Osler and his deputies succeeded in stretching the limits even there. In stark contrast, Hopkins was not a charitable institution specializing in indigent patients, and William Henry Welch was not a pathologist who could be ignored. Welch was not only the founding physician at Hopkins; he was responsible for hiring Osler. It seems inconceivable that Welch, at the time of Osler's hiring, was not fully aware of these issues in Philadelphia. Undoubtedly, Welch made it clear that the autopsy room at Hopkins belonged to Welch and that Osler would be a welcome guest, but that he was not going to be doing autopsies on his own and duplicating his Philadelphia behaviors at Hopkins. Osler clearly played by ''the rules'' while he was in Baltimore, and this fact is reinforced by the article by Lucey and Hutchins.1


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate mammalian cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis by altering the expression of other genes, and serve multiple roles in tumorigenesis and progression. miR-106a has been implicated in several types of malignancies. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The present study reported that in this particular cancer, miR-106a exhibits a tumor suppressive role. It was demonstrated that the high expression of miR-106a in CRC cells is negatively associated with E2F transcription factor 1 protein level and positively associated with caspase activation, suggesting a potential molecular switch.


Layer boundary determination is important for earth model parameterization in inversion methods. Unfocused logging tools can produce responses that are asymmetric with respect to layer boundaries. This means we cannot extract accurate layer boundaries based on breaks in the slope. We have developed a neural network based approach to pick layer boundaries from unfocused log data by correcting for the shifted response. The neural network approach to layer picking provides a general way to solve the problem of layer boundary determination and avoids the need for a multitude of specialized algorithms for specific situations or tools.


According to Kraupl-Taylor (1966), 'psychopathology' is one of the 'over-long list of psychiatric terms which owe their popularity to their semantic uncertainty'. In this paper, the term (psychopathology' refers to more than the 'actual conscious psychic events' of Jaspers (1963) and is concerned with describing and explaining and perhaps also predicting behaviour (using this word in its broadest sense). Pyschopathology so defined is naturally of interest to the clinician who tries to understand and treat people with sexual problems. In this paper we shall first indicate elements of a psychopathology of sexuality which seem to us to be important. We shall then discuss in more detail variables which may affect sexual arousal and response; and we will indicate patterns of sexual arousal and of sexual object choice which may occur in persons with gender identity problems. The paper is based upon experience with patients with sexual dysfunctions and with transexualism seen at Guy's Hospital since 1975.


Citation: Fairchok M, Schofield C, Chen W, Pugh M, Bigg H, et al. (2017) Inverse Correlation between 25-OH Vitamin D Levels and Severity of Viral Respiratory Illness in Infants. J Infect Dis Epidemiol 3:030. doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510030 Received: January 13, 2017; Accepted: April 14, 2017; Published: April 17, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Fairchok M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


There is close relation between human body and psychology,healthy psychology lies with- in the healthy body.Unhealthy psychology can lead to physical abnormal and even suffer disease. Therefore,during the student's study in university,we should implement the necessary mental health education and find out the problems and solve it in time.Based on problems,reasonable mental therapy should be made in order to make student healthy and in an all-round way development.


Post tanning is one of the important operations in leather processing that provides required color, grain tightness, softness, fullness and lightfastness to the leather. The chemicals such as syntans, dyes and fatliquor were used in the post tanning operations to obtain these desirable leather qualities. As of now, phenolic derivatives, acrylics, melamine, protein hydrolysates, etc., were used as a synthetic tanning agent in leather industry. Recently, lignin has been employed as synthetic tanning agents in leather processing operation, which is currently in practice (Vedhanayagam et al. 2015). The lignin based syntan has better leather properties, when compared with commercial syntan. However, considerable amount of lignin which is unabsorbed during post tanning operations generates wastes. Lignin is naturally resistant for biodegradation, which needs to be degraded before letting them into the environment.


Introduction Contrary to programs for most other species, breeding and multiplication programs for poultry and pigs are using hybridization to benefit from line specialization and heterosis. The introduction of crossbreeding created a breakthrough in poultry breeding in the 1950's and –later and less markedly soin pig breeding. A second breakthrough technology in pig breeding –not so much in poultry breedingwas the application of BLUP breeding value estimation procedures. These technological breakthroughs have prompted the extinction of small, pure line and private farm based breeding programs and a consolidation among breeding organisations. Today very few (poultry) or some dozens (pigs) of breeding programs remain and these are exclusively (poultry) or increasingly (pigs) owned by private companies. Genomics is now truly coming of age when it comes to applications in animal breeding and this paper discusses the impact of this new development.


There is a revival of interest in the software product after several years of intense focus by the software engineering community on the software process. Similarly, within the software design community, there is a revival of interest in higher levels of design (e.g. software architecture) after several years of intense focus on object-oriented (OO) design methodologies (e.g. identifying objects, classes and inheritance relations). The increasing importance of software in systems is also driving the software architecture renaissance. Problems with software architecture have contributed to the difficulties of large projects like the FAA's Advanced Automation System [1]. Because architectural decisions are usually made early in the life-cycle, they are the hardest to change and hence the most critical and far-reaching. Without a good system and software architecture it is difficult to achieve satisfaction of the original performance and behavioral requirements and it is probably impossible to accommodate major design changes. Software architecture also provides the critical context for high leverage reuse of design and components. The importance of architectural context for reuse is derived from observing the common practices in mature engineering fields such as civil engineering and chemical engineering. Within software engineering, common practices and solutions within particular application areas can be reused to provide domain-wide leverage of architectural-level decisions. This article provides a brief overview of some of the important architecture related efforts.


This article analyzes the significance of image in politics, image formation in electoral processes. The article also gives general conclusions on the importance of socio–political advertising in the formation of image in the electoral processes.