Spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) based digital processing-in-memory (PIM) has been recently proposed for energy-efficient processing of convolutional neural network (CNN) without analog-to-digital converters (ADC). However, since only computations between operands stored in the same row are possible in the digital PIM, it consumes considerable energy for data transfer between memory rows when computations between data stored in different rows are performed. In this paper, we present energy-efficient digital PIM architecture that supports the distributed accumulation scheme. In the proposed PIM architecture, the computations for accumulation are distributed to the memory arrays and peripheral circuits, and only a portion of the workload for the accumulations which does not require heavy data transfer cost is performed in the memory array. Then, the remaining of the accumulations that needs complicated data transfer among the memory array are performed using the peripheral circuits. In addition, as the value of the partial sums is read before accumulation, the zero-skipping technique, which cannot be applied when the computations are fully performed in the memory array, can be also applied in the proposed PIM architecture. The simulations with 28nm CMOS process show that the proposed digital PIM architecture with zero prediction achieves the energy savings up to 54.3% over the conventional digital PIMs.


Twitter is a typical social network platform in web 2.0, which has attracted a large number of users participating in it. While retweeting allows users to forward those tweets posted by their followees, thus prompting information spread in social networks and causing greater impact on social life. In this paper, we focus on understanding and modeling user's retweeting behavior through implicit social relationships and its effects on information diffusion on Twitter social network. To achieve this goal, we first define two influences between users as Authority and Familiarity, which are corresponding to the unidirectional-follow and bidirectional-follow relationship, respectively. And then we consider the tweet influences from retweeted number and retweeting similarity. Both determine which tweet to be retweeted through the interactions between users. Further, we use a tweets queue with limited size to model a user's limited attention, because he can only pay attention to a portion of tweets shared on his homepage. On this basis, we build an agent-based model which simulates the user's retweeting behavior-based information propagation by incorporating both user influence and tweet influence into the key process of selecting a tweet. Finally, we execute simulation experiments and compare the statistic characteristics between the actual data and our simulated results. The experimental results have shown an applicability of our proposed model and methods on exploring retweeting behaviors through implicit social relations on Twitter. Keywords-information propagation; retweeting behavior; social relationship; agent-based model


The fly ash collected from Koradi Thermal Power Station, NagpuL Maharashtra was characterised for its physical, chemical and nutrient capacitv. The particle size distribution showed wide variation in the AI >fe > Ca , Ti > Mg > K. The DTP A extractable micronutrients were in the order of fe>Mn>Zn>Cu where as available N, P, K show the trend as N>K>P. Physical and cheIllical properties of fly ash are discussed. Additional keywords: macronutrient, micronutri~nt.


With the advancement of sensor technology, the image resolution of optical satellites improves, increasing image size in the process. For satellite imagery mosaic composition, the task of performing colour balancing becomes more intensive due the sheer size of data needed to be processed. In order to reduce the processing time for color balancing, the proposed procedure takes advantage of the graphics processor unit's data-parallel capabilities using compute unified device architecture (CUDA). By repartitioning the image data and modifying the conventional colour balancing algorithm to suit CUDA's requirements, we are able to cut down the processing time to a fraction of the original time taken by conventional methods, showing CUDA's capabilities in remote sensing image processing applications.


The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary method to study the asymptotic properties of the integer part of the k-th root positive integer, and give two interesting asymptotic formulae.


It is possible for humans and animals alike to be contaminated with mycotoxins such as ergot alkaloids, aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fusariotoxins. Aflatoxins are evaluated as strong carcinogens but their real occurrence and importance seems to be low in Europe. Ochratoxin A has become notorious mycotoxin especially in northern parts of Europe. Nephropathies are considered to be induced by ochratoxins. Immunosuppressive trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and the estrogenic zearale none occur at high degrees in European cereals. Their roles in human diseases need further elucidation


A two species competition model with diffusion is considered. The parameters describing the growth, interaction, and self-limitation of the species are spatially inhomogeneous and temporally almost periodic. The boundary conditions are homogeneous and of Neumann or Dirichlet type. First, a convergence theorem is derived in the single species case. Roughly speaking, it states that one of the following alternatives will occur: either every positive solution converges to a unique strictly positive almost periodic solution, every positive solution converges to the trivial solution, or every positive solution is neither bounded away from the trivial solution nor converges to it. Then appropriate conditions for uniform persistence of both species as well as for extinction of one of the species are established. Moreover, it is shown that uniform persistence implies coexistence in the sense that there is a strictly positive solution whose hull is almost automorphic. The above results generalize earlier work in the time independent and time periodic cases for both single species population models and two species competition models. The approach developed in this paper for dealing with almost periodic equations can be applied to more general nonautonomous equations, as we will indicate by briefly discussing applications where merely time recurrence is supposed.


Himalayan mountains have rich biodiversity and species endemism. Simultaneously, critical level of socio-economic vulnerability and poverty presents significant potential for Community Based Conservation (CBC) practices aiming to provide both environmental and social benefits. Community based anti-poaching operation is poorly documented that hinders in assessing CBC practices in the field. To assess the effectiveness of Community Based Anti-Poaching Unit (CBAPU) in and around of Beeshazari lake of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Unemployment and the consequent poverty were found as the key reason of poaching and other illegal activities. Patrolling, surveillance and information gathering against illegal activities, rescue of wildlife and awareness raising activities were the major activities of CBAPU, which has significantly contributed to wildlife conservation. Inadequate financial resource was found to be the greatest hindrance for anti-poaching operation in an organized and effective way.


Objective By explore epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among students in Guangyuan city,to provide basis for its prevention and control.Methods With epidemiological methods,descriptively analyzed the three distribution of infectious diseases among students during 2005-2010.Results The reported incidence rate of students in Guangyuan city fluctuated between 291.17 /105 to 1 055.95 /105,with the average annual incidence of 678.88 /105,which was above the crowd incidence of 58.18.24 /105.The major disease was respiratory disease,which happened all months around the year,and peaked in January,March,April and November.In elementary school and junior high school,the major disease were chicken pox,mumps,hand-foot-and-mouth disease;while in high school was tuberculosis and hepatitis B.Conclusion Students in Guangyuan city face a higher risk of infectious disease,therefore,department cooperation should be strengthened,prevention and control work should be conducted for different types of students.


Two samples, one of 453 undergraduate students from a private university in Mexico City and another of 485 from a public university, were given a Spanish version of the BSRI, and 58 new items of sex role traits developed in Mexico. Eight BSRI masculine items were significantly endorsed by males in both samples, and 10 feminine items were significantly endorsed by females. Fourteen other BSRI items were differentially endorsed in the expected direction in only one of the samples. Of the new items, 1 positive and 7 negative masculine items were significantly endorsed by males in both samples, whereas 3 positive and 1 negative feminine item were significantly endorsed by women. Twenty-two new items were significantly endorsed by one of the sexes in the expected direction, in only one of the samples. Some sex role traits are relevant to both American and Mexican college students, whereas others are relevant in the Mexican culture.


This study was carried out to confirm the effects of functional groups that could derive secondary bonding and silica contents on mechanical properties and thermo-reversible characteristics of grafted EPDM-silica composites, which was produced by blending silica or introducing silica hybrid through ionic bonding after grafting methacrylic acid onto EPDM. The storage modulus of graft copolymer had appeared to be higher than cross-linked EPDM vulcanizate at room temperature, and decreased by a gentle slope as temperature increased, and then began to decrease more sharply as secondary bonding force became weaker at higher temperature. When silica hybrid was introduced through ionic interaction, storage modulus and mechanical properties were found to be higher due to not only hydrogen and ionic bonding, but also nanosized silica particles, which were bonded to the elastomer structure in uniformed distribution. When the graft copolymer had only hydrogen bonding, recycling of the elastomer caused mechanical properties to be reduced by 20–30%. However, the recycling characteristics of elastomers having both hydrogen and ionic bonding were excellent as more than 90% of their initial mechanical properties were maintained even after five times of reprocessing. Graft copolymer composite had better adhesion strength with other rubber due to increased polarity than EPDM, and dismantlement of bonded adherends was possible by applying heat treatment of microwave.


1. The Linguistic Landscape in Egypt before Islam. - 2. Islam and the Decrease of Greek Documents in Egypt. - 3. Greek Documents from the Eighth Century. - 4. Dating the Documents. - 5. The Difficulty in Distinguishing between Greek and Coptic. - 6. Further Specification of Documents. - 7. The Latest Greek Documents. - 8. Conclusion. - 9. Graphs and Appendices [1. Greek or Coptic I: Theban Legal Documents; - 2. Greek or Coptic II: The Wadi Sarga ostraca; - 3. P. Lond. Copt. I 1130: A Bilingual Coptic-Greek Document].


Political advertising is a kind of political activi ty according to the active relation to the world, actions on realization of pr ivate or group social interests which are carried out as system of methods of psychologic al influence on mass audiences by means of the specialised organisations for the purp ose of changing people's behaviour to the side necessary for achieving adver tiser's political aims. Political advertising uses both rational, and emoti onal ways of influence on an audience, guided both on realized, and on not reali zed reactions of recipients. During the current election campaign, are increasin gly used special tools to achieve a particularly important political goal. Th ese include not only all kinds of rumors and dirt on a competitor, but also a manipul ative technology in political communication. Special role these technologies play in political advertising. [1, 182] Division of advertising communications into kinds o ccurred in the 20 th century and originally all technologies, whether it was adv ertising, propagation, public relations developed together. This circumstance gra nts the right to speak about advertising meaning all kinds of communications. At that time the world represented the arena of struggle of two antagonistically poles , each of them was carrying out its advertising policy. In the western countries, and f irst of all in the USA, political advertising was actively used and perfected the ski ll on numerous elections in authorities. In Ukraine, unfortunately, for long time political dvertising was forgotten, superseded by propagation and propagandas. The firs t political campaigns of the new post reorganizational period differed by nonprofess ionalism as construction of advertising appeals was still carrying a print of S oviet times. The basic lack of political advertising of the early 90th is blind co pying of foreign experience. But each following large advertising campaign was a new step in development of political advertising in our country.


The present invention provides cis-3,4-dihydroxy-2- (3-methyl-butanoyl) -5- (3-methylbutyl) -4- (4-methylpentanoyl) cyclopent-2-en-1-one and substantially to provide the enantiomerically pure its composition. These derivatives, (+) - (4S, 5R) -3,4- dihydroxy-2- (3-methyl-butanoyl) -5- (3-methylbutyl) -4- (4-methylpentanoyl) cyclopent - 2-en-1-one, (-) - (4S, 5R) -3,4- dihydroxy-2- (3-methyl-butanoyl) -5- (3-methylbutyl) -4- (4-methylpentanoyl ) including cyclopent-2-en-1-one, and their salts and crystalline. The present application further the disclosed compounds and compositions, PPARy activation, GPR120 activation, inflammation inhibition and symptoms respond to PPARy modulation, compounds for treating metabolic disorders such as symptoms and diabetes to comply with GPR120 modulation or to provide a composition.


ABSTRACT For senior British officials in late colonial Burma, an important part of the explanation for the province's soaring murder rate was the reluctance and often outright refusal of Burmese witnesses to murder to engage with the police and courts in bringing killers to justice. That reluctance or refusal, it was said, substantially reduced the arrest and in particular the conviction rate in murder cases, thereby weakening the deterrent impact of the law. British officials explained the reluctance or refusal in terms of alleged weaknesses in the Burmese character and social organisation. In contrast, this paper argues that the Burmese had strong reasons for failing to engage, in that they could have little confidence that the colonial police and courts would in fact bring murderers to justice. Self-help justice, revenge-killing, was a far more certain path. The final section of the paper examines a number of measures considered or implemented by the British colonial administration in the 1920s and 1930s to curb the murder count, measures which in fact merely exposed the Burma administration's limited reach and indeed ambition in seeing murderers caught and convicted.


Summary

Twelve samples of raw milk mature Kashar cheese at different stages of ripening were collected from retail outlets. The average pH, moisture, fat-in-dry matter, protein, salt-in-dry matter and titratable acidity contents of the samples were 5.33, 39.39%, 45.20%, 27.33%, 6.62% and 0.65% (as lactic acid), respectively. Indices of proteolysis varied from 10.72% to 23.75% and 7.09% to 12.26% for pH 4.6-soluble and 12% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen fractions, respectively, and total free amino acid concentrations ranged from 6.36 to 36.03 mg Leu g−1 of cheese. The cheeses were analysed for volatile compounds by Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 113 compounds were detected and identified belonging to the following chemical groups: acids (eleven), esters (sixteen), ketones (sixteen), aldehydes (six), alcohols (twenty-seven), sulphur compounds (seven), terpenes (seven) and miscellaneous compounds (twenty-three). The potential effect of each compound on the flavour profile of Kashar cheese is discussed. Acids, esters, ketones and alcohols were found at considerable levels in the samples. Kashar cheeses obtained from different retail outlets displayed some differences in terms of chemical composition, proteolysis and patterns of aroma compounds; and may be attributed to their production technologies and age-related variations.


Thin films of ZnTe and Cd1−xZnxTe (x<0.5) have been deposited by the direct combination of the elements on the surface of W/graphite, ceramic, and glass substrates at 550–600 °C in a hydrogen or helium atmosphere. Their microstructure, crystallographic, optical, and electrical properties were studied. Because of the greater stability of ZnTe than CdTe, the Zn/Cd molar ratio in Cd1−xZnxTe films is always less than that in the gas phase. The optical band gap of ZnTe has been determined to be 2.25 eV and that of Cd1−xZnxTe is a linear function of the composition. Preliminary work on Cd1−xZnxTe /CdS heterojunctions has also been carried out.


Localization is an important problem in autonomous mobile robots navigation. To solve this problem, robots must also be able to learn, maintain and update models of their environments. This paper describes a full implementation of a simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) method. SLAM is the problem of an autonomous vehicle starting at an unknown position which then incrementally builds a world map and estimates the robot absolute pose according to the map. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used for estimation and data fusion. For perception, the method combines an adaptive break point detector, first and second order analysis, and the RANSAC algorithm for robust fitting of laser scan data in order to extract a model composed of line segments and their uncertainty. A dynamic cache is proposed and introduced in the world model in order to speedup the map search in the measurement prediction and feature matching phases of SLAM. Experimental results of simulation and real-robot experiments with a Nomad 200 are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the SLAM methods and improvements attained with the cache of feature method.


This study aims to know the pattern of interrelatedness between disparity of income distribution with the level of economic growth and percapita income in 35 regencies/ cities of Central Java. The data used are secondary data and the time series of the data are 2007 and 2008.
The processing of collecting data is used by DASP (Distributive Analysis Stata Package) and Excel. Methode which used are Gini Rasio Index and Tipology Diagram, consist of 4 (four) quadrant.
The result of this study explain that disparity of income distribution in Central Java is low; it is around 0,28 in 2007 and 2008. By tipology diagram we can recognize that the tendency of some regencies/ cities in Central Java are classified in category: low disparity in income distribution with low in economic Growth and low income percapita.


The operating principles of a few kinds of plasma antenna are presented in this paper.The impedance, efficiency and noise of the monopole,surface wave driven plasma antenna are addressed in detail, and the generation of plasma in the plasma antenna with high-voltage pulse and the exciting process for generating electromagnetic waves are presented.


We have previously reported a quantitative method using HPLC-mass spectrometry for the immunosuppressant drug sirolimus to support Phase II and III clinical trials [1]. For regulatory purposes the method used an 8-point calibration curve (0.2 to 100 μg/L) with weighted 1/x2 regression for calculation of concentrations. In this study we investigated the analytical performance of single-point linear through zero calibration (10, 25 and 80 μg/L) and 2-point calibration (0.2 with 10, 25 and 80 μg/L) against the original 8-point calibration to determine sirolimus concentrations.


This work identifies as one of the greatest contemporary population problems the aging of the population in Spain and in the world due to widespread adoption of family planning and the small family norm and to the incessant increase of life expectancy. The resulting increase in the aged population places an onerous burden on the young. At the same time that couples make great efforts to curb their reproduction with no thought to moral restraint others attempt to resolve infertility problems through the same artificial techniques used in animals. In Spain as in many other developed countries the only fertility index that is increasing is that of adolescent mothers. Geneticists tampering with problems of fertility and reproduction frequently produce monstrosities and deformations. The acceptable solution to infertility in the past adoption was natural effective and beneficial for all parties. The 2 basic causes of Spains fertility decline are the decline and loss of love and the limitless increase of self-centeredness of the individual and couple. Secondary causes vary from the so-called liberation of women their desire for independence and salaried work to destruction of the home shortly after the wifes abandonment of it for work. An enduring marriage requires a sound choice of spouse and mutual comprehension understanding and forgiveness. Children can help cement a marriage; a couple without children is incomplete and imperfect.


Building-level population data are of vital importance in disaster management, homeland security, and public health. Remotely sensed data, especially LiDAR data, which allow measures of three-dimensional morphological information, have been shown to be useful for fine-scale population estimations. However, studies using LiDAR data for population estimation have noted a nonstationary relationship between LiDAR-derived morphological indicators and populations due to the unbalanced characteristic of population distribution. In this article, we proposed a framework to estimate population at the building level by integrating POI data, nighttime light (NTL) data, and LiDAR data. Building objects were first derived using LiDAR data and aerial photographs. Then, three categories of building-level features, including geometric features, nighttime light intensity features, and POI features, were, respectively, extracted from LiDAR data, Luojia1-01 NTL data, and POI data. Finally, a well-trained random forest model was built to estimate the population of each individual building. Huangpu District in Shanghai, China, was chosen to validate the proposed method. A comparison between the estimation result and reference data shows that the proposed method achieved a good accuracy with at the building level and at the community level. The NTL radiance intensity was found to have a positive relationship with population in residential areas, while a negative relationship was found in office and commercial areas. Our study has shown that by integrating both the three-dimensional morphological information derived from LiDAR data and the human activity information extracted from POI and NTL data, the accuracy of building-level population estimation can be improved.


Copyright: © 2014 Robak T. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) is a B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by marked splenomegaly, progressive pancytopenia and reactive marrow fibrosis [1]. The annual incidence of HCL is estimated to be 0.3 cases per 100 000 [2]. Hairy cells characteristically stain strongly positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a typical pattern of B-cell antigen expression (CD19, CD20) and coexpression of CD11c, CD25 and CD103. Cell surface markers which are associated with normal B-cell activation, especially CD22, CD25, CD72 and CD40, are strongly expressed by leukemic cells [3]. Recently, the BRAF V600E mutation has been found in all evaluated patients with HCL and has been described as a disease-defining genetic event [4]. Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant (HCL-V) is a rare and indolent form of small, mature, B-cell leukemia comprising about 2% of leukemias [5]. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recognizes HCL-V as a provisional entity distinct from classic HCL.


Despite the commercial importance in fisheries in South East Asian countries, there is lack of comprehensive documentation on the Pangasiid catfish's systematics and biology. The taxonomy of these species is still problematic due to morphological similarity and difficulty to differentiate between some species complexes. Major taxonomic revision of Pangasiidae in 1991 by Roberts & Vidthayanon, strongly recommend four genera (Pangasius Vallenciennes, 1840; He/icophagus Bleeker 1858; Pangasianodon Chevey, 1930 and Pteropangasius Fowler, 1937). However, the latter two genera were considered as subgenus of Pangasius since there are some shared characteristics with the other species in the genus Panqasius, thus no sufficient evidence to distinguish them as a valid genus using the conventional identification method. Molecular studies that are currently tried to resolve these ambiguities by using different genes, however, come with differen To resolve this problem, current researchers attempt to use molecular tools. t conclusion. These independent works with different gene created phylogenetic inconsistencies. This paper synthesizes and highlights current phylogenetic works done on pangasiidae family by comparing three different trees inferred from three mitochondrial DNAgenes namely cytochrome b (539 basepairs), 125 rONA (737 basepairs) and 165 rRNA (570 basepairs). Consensus of the trees and interfamily relationships are discussed. Evidence in confirming the previously suggested subgenera are shown. This preliminary work is necessary in order to gather baseline information for determining the Peninsular Malaysian pangasiid status and fill the distribution gap of pangasiid evolutionary history by connecting the lost biogeographic relationship between the species occurred in continental Asia and Indo-Malaya Archipelago.


Raman spectrum intensity can be enhanced by a factor of 10~3 by a liquid-core optical fiber. A spectrometer is made from liquid-core optical fiber which is used as sample room and enhancement system of Raman light. This spectrometer has smaller volume, smaller weigh and lower cost, but sensitivity is higher .Using this spectrometer good Raman spectra is obtained for liquid and sample in liquid.


The rapid prototyping technique has been developed over several decades. As the application becomes more widespread, the qualities of the parts produced by a rapid prototyping system must be considered. The area-forming rapid prototyping system is an emerging technology. This system has the advantage of a short build time but displays a weakness in the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. To improve these weaknesses and simultaneously maintain a short build time, this study optimizes the process parameters using the grey relational Taguchi method. From the results, the best combinations of process parameters both for each quality and for multiple qualities are discovered. The optimization of process parameters is verified using the extra samples.


Abstract: This article explores a unique type of songs performed by a Black minority musical group in southeastern Tunisia. Taifa, a group of Black singers, mainly from the rural working class appeared as a response to the economic marginalization of Blacks after the abolition of slavery in Tunisia in 1846. It explores the way this musical group developed and how it came to be associated with the norms of respectability among the local society. It also delves into the themes of Taifa songs that, I contend, show an incremental journey of integration into the predominant Arab/Berber majority and an adjustment to Tunisia's social and political changes, which were reflected in the changes in the themes of Taifa songs after the Tunisian Revolution.


The designs of diggers produced in various countries are analyzed in the paper. Optimum designs with the most effective economic and agrotechnical parameters are highlighted in particular.


This unsigned tract published in 1645 is one of the most interesting and historically significant documents in the polemic literature of the Puritan Revolution; it has also been described as "one of the halfdozen most important contributions ever made to the theory of religious toleration in England." The authorship has never been established, though some speculation has attributed the work to Francis Rous, Puritan mystic and leading member of Parliament. But certain references in contemporary documents, together with considerations of thought and style provide conclusive evidence that the pamphlet is from the pen of Joshua Sprigge, army chaplain, Fellow of All Souls College, constant advocate of toleration, and author of several sermons and political tracts, among them the important history of the army under Fairfax, Anglia Rediviva.


preschool education is a central issue of nowadays' education.When focusing on the preschool education,it can be found that the music always plays an important role on it.This paper aims to discuss the effect of music to the growth of young children,as well as the effect to the development of young children's mental and emotion,then to illustrate the importance of education of music for the comprehensive development of them.


In the last 20 years since 1980's,the climate has been obviously warming than that before thirty years and the mean annual temperature rises 1℃, The order of temperature increase from the most t the least is winter,spring,summer and autumn. The warming center is in Huma. the Temperature rise is mainly characterized as 1.7℃ increase of the lowest temperature and 1.16℃ decrease of annual temperature range. The influences of hazardous climate is as follows:(1)wind velocity has decreased ,heavy wind number has decreased ;(2)rainstorm number has increased;(3)heavy drought number has increased ;(4)flood number has decreased;(5) low temperature number has obviously decreased;(6)mean first frost day has postponed;(7)cold wave number has decreased;(8)heavy snow number has increased .According to that mentioned above three terms of measures on disaster prevention and mitigation are presented.


According to Michel Foucault, neoliberal governmentality is closely linked to the issue of making individuals responsible (Foucault et al., 2010; Hache, 2007). In this perspective, unilateral public action (command and control) is considered not only inefficient but also illegitimate, and shall be replaced by different government techniques and governance methods aiming at making them responsible (accountable) and equip them with new capabilities (empowerment). Thus, the State does not give up its regulation power but make it change towards more negotiated forms of governance, based on flexible and incentive instruments. This phenomenon has been labeled hybrid regulation to capture the idea that complementary forms of public and private regulations coexist in transnational governance (Levi-Faur, 2011; Djelic & Sahlin-Andersson, 2006). However, under this label, heterogeneous practices have been developed, with different degree of hybridization (Cafaggi, 2012), ranging from forms of loose co-shaping between private and public regulations to stronger co-regulation where explicit governance structures are purposefully set to organize role-plays and subsidiarity rules between the different parties. This paper addresses the latter form of hybrid regulation in the e-waste sector where such a policy has been implemented in Europe based on the concept of extended producer responsibility. We analyze the rationale for such a policy and its implementation in practice.


The article provides a recommended scheme and principle of operation of the cleaner of fibrous material from large litter. The results of theoretical studies to determine the laws of motion and the recommended parameters of the working bodies of the cleaning machine are presented. The results of comparative production tests of a fibrous material cleaner from large litter are given. Substantiated the receipt of parameters and modes of operation of the working bodies of the cleaner of fibrous material, in particular cotton.


(57) Abstract: With the novel tapered, curved and / or very having a structure of high cell density, cellular honeycomb body formed of a powder is provided by reshaping procedure, this procedure, plasticized powder precursor honeycombs are shaped from the batch material is filled with a plastic filler with a compatible, is reshaped at the temperature matching to the plastic deformation properties of the honeycomb and the filler, then after the filler is removed It is solidified to cure to the final honeycomb structure.


One of the interesting alternatives for optimizing the use of fertilizers and nutrients in agriculture is the use of hydrogels as carrier vehicles. In this work, a nanocomposite hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide and carboxymethylcellulose modified with high amount of clay was developed and applied in slow / controlled release systems of urea. Part of the nanocomposites were subjected to a hydrolysis treatment, which improved significantly the retention and release capacity of urea by the polymer matrix reaching expressive values, such as about 80 g of nutrient released per gram of dry nanocomposite.


Many medical groups have used wireless battery charging technology for rechargeable batteries used in implantable devices. During charging, battery heat is lost from the battery and other heat sources within an implantable device, which may be harmful to patients' tissues. Therefore, charging batteries with minimum discomfort to patients while replenishing battery capacity as much as possible is a challenge. In this paper, a constant voltage with a different limiting current strategy for a lithium-ion polymer battery is proposed, thereby modulating the limiting current rate that reduces battery temperature increase. Experiments show that better safety charging performance for 260, 600, and 1000mAh lithium-ion polymer batteries can be obtained by the proposed current-limiting method. Compared with conventional constant-current–constant-voltage charging strategies, the maximum battery temperature increase is improved.


This article is focused on the navigation of the visually impaired, for their easier orientation in unknown areas. The technical navigation system, whose hardware is integrated into the standard stick for the blind, is based on the principle of a digital analysis of a signal from the magnetometer. The analyzed signal occurs by moving the stick over surface-distributed neodymium magnets, which, with their distribution and orientation of magnetic poles, creates basic orientation pictograms. This detection and identification of magnetic pictograms results in warning signals, which are transmitted to the blind individual via a small vibration motor located in the handle of the blind stick. The individual is then able to interpret several different warning or navigation signals, according to the intensity and quality of the vibrations. This article describes the detection and identification algorithm that has been implemented into the control microcontroller. The article is supplemented with measured courses of magnetic induction for basic orientation pictograms and with photographs of the realized orientation stick sample.


Purpose Lung cancer is the deadliest tumor in the world. This study aimed to investigate the effection of USP8 on the proliferation and growth of NSCLC cells. Methods The proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of A549 and H1299 cells were evaluated with CCK8, colony formation, scratch, transwell, and flow cytometry experiments. Furthermore, the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blot. Results Knockdown of USP8 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression of A549 and H1299 cells, and promoted the apoptosis. The results of western blot indicated that knockdown of USP8 down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, p-AKT, and Bcl2, and up-regulated the expression of Bax. Conclusion Knockdown of USP8 inhibited the proliferation of human lung cancer cells by regulating cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins. USP8 may be a therapeutic target for lung cancer.


Coronary artery aneurysms and fistulas are very rare congenital anomalies. They occur in 0.2%-0.4% of all congenital heart diseases. In this article, we report a case of a 39-year-old girl with a left coronary artery aneurysm and fistula draining into the right atrium. An intervention is successfully achieved by transcatheter occluder embolization using a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluder.


The study was conducted in three consecutive years from 2009 to 2011 in Zagora, Malesia e Madhe, in the North-western part of Albania, in a 10years old vineyard, planted with a local wine grape cultivar named Kallmet. The plot was situated in an uniform hill with a sloping gradient from 5% to 6% and a planting density of 3330 plants ha -1 (2.5 m x 1.2 m). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications and 6 treaments with a plot size of 60 m 2 for treatment in each replication containing 20 grapevine plants. The weather was dry in the summer with a typical Mediterranean distribution of precipitation from autumn to spring, and no irrigation was conducted throughout the whole experimental period. Six crop management practices were applied: conventional (no intervention and cultivation), chemical control (glyphosate and diuron applications) and organic (cover crops and straw mulching). Yield of grapes per plant (YGP), berry must content (BMC), must sugar content (MSC) and must acidity content (MAC) were recorded for a 3-year period. The data showed that different soil management practices influenced the grape production per plant, and must and sugar content under the irrigated growing conditions. Compared to common conventional farmer practices, organic soil management practices and chemical control of weeds provided higher yield due to reduced competition of grapevine plant for soil water reserves, thanks to reduced number of weeds and improved soil physical properties. Organic mulching and mixed leguminous cover crops seem to be the most sustainable practices in terms of yearly production and nature preservation.


In the United Kingdom, although one in four adults reported experiencing mental health difficulties in one year, only a quarter of them received treatment for their condition BMA (2017). Moreover, this group of adults have been underrepresented in fulltime employment and education. This thesis argues that facilitating Further Education (FE) opportunities for adults with mental health problems, may assist in promoting their well-being and a pathway towards a different future. A narrative study was carried out involving 15 adults with mental health problems, who were attending classes in an FE College. Specifically, participants were asked during extensive one-to-one interviews, about their recent experiences of classroom learning and their narratives were analysed in relation to well-being and transformative learning theory. Participants reported numerous benefits arising from their learning which they felt had positively influenced their sense of well-being and which for some, included transformative changes. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge as it highlights that for adults with mental health problems, formal learning does have the potential to contribute positively to their lives. Furthermore, it suggests that unless certain wider societal factors are sufficiently addressed, the potential for these benefits to be fully realised, will be severely hindered. The thesis also extends the theory of transformative learning theory and highlights the value of bridging the divide between health and education when working with adults with mental health problems. Straddling these two disciplines in this study, has led to new understandings in relation to the best way to support adults with mental health problems in an FE setting. It has additionally led to identifying how best to interview vulnerable learners in a meaningful, safe and ethical way within an educational setting. The implications for policy and practice because of this work are outlined.


A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation versus video film as a method of teaching. This study was conducted in a selected college of nursing, Dehradun; Uttrakhand. Total 60 samples were taken i.e. 30 for simulation and 30 for video film by random sampling technique. Before exposing the groups to simulation and another group to video film, a pre test (simulation based demonstration demonstration) was taken and samples were observed with the help of structured observation checklist. After pre test One group was exposed to simulation based demonstration and another group was exposed to video film on the same topic and steps. Post test was conducted after one week by taking return demonstration. The mean post –test was significantly higher in both the teaching individually, but when Comparison was made among both the teaching methods. The post-test mean score of simulation was (24.40) post -test mean score for video was (24.00) which was found statistically non significant. This indicates that both the methods have its own benefits in teaching. We can learn in both the ways. Some can learn by simulation and some after video film exposure. It depends how we perceive it.


THE AUTHORS APPLY THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO SIMULATE THE PROGRESSIVE FAILURE PHENOMENON OF ROCK MASS AROUND AN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE, AND EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS CONSTRUCTED IN THE STRUCTURE. IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS SIMULATION TECHNIQUE, A CIRCULAR TUNNEL REINFORCED BY THE CONCRETE LINING IS CHOSEN AS AN EXAMPLE AND THE RESULTS OF NUMERICAL CALCULATION ARE GIVEN. /AUTHOR/


Stephen Wolfram was a child prodigy, receiving his PhD in particle physics at the age of 20. But you don't need to know about his achievements to read Wolfram's latest book Idea Makers: Personal Perspectives on the Lives and Ideas of Some Notable People.


In order to understand the self-weight deformation of primary mirror of photo-electronic theodolite assembled with supporting structure,the papers applies FEM analysis software to mechanically analyze the deformation of primary reflection mirror system when in different tilting angle to know about the reflection surface deformation rule,and in order to put reference to later systemic amendment or adjuster force in activity optical system.


: Hospitality is one area that has the potential to implement information systems because hospitality is a business that prioritizes satisfaction, in this case, namely service. A good business strategy is needed to support the business. Talking about business strategy will not be separated from the so-called strategy of information systems and information technology. Therefore, a mature information system strategic planning can be used as a reference to gain a competitive advantage for Villa Buleud Garut. The purpose of this study is to analyze environmental factors to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are owned and to identify the critical success factors so that a proposed information system strategy plan can be developed in the form of an application development portfolio at the future Villa Buleud. In this study the authors made direct observations at Villa Buleud, conducted interviews, and gave questionnaires to related parties and read literature. In compiling the framework in this study the authors used the Ward and Peppard approach. Which of these approaches is to carry out an analysis of the Internal Business Environment, External Business Environment, Internal IS/IT Environment, and External IS/IT Environment using several analytical methods, namely Value Chain analysis, PEST Analysis, Five Force Porter, McFarlan Strategic Grid, SWOT Analysis, Critical Success Factor, and Balanced Scorecard. The final result of this research is the proposed formulation of the future IS/IT strategy for Villa Buleud Garut which includes changes to the vision and mission of Villa Buleud, changes to organizational structure


To study the bacteriostatic effects of water extraction liquid from Coriander,fresh Coriander was washed,dried,and sterilized by UV exposure.E.coli and Bacillus subtilis were used as the tested strains and the experiment was performed by the method of filter patch.The results showed that the Coriander water extraction liquid had different degrees of bacteriostasis to the two tested strains and the bacteriostatic circle size of water extraction liquid from Coriander were different between the two tested strains.The bacteriostasis was enhanced accompanied with the increasing of Coriander water extraction liquid concentration.


As the importance of Web and Internet-based support for collaboration increases, the confusion and unnecessary duplication of work resulting from multiple independently developed and mutually incompatible collaboration tools increases as well. In this vision-oriented contribution, we argue that it is time to start exploring a shared conceptual foundation underlying all inter-networked collaborative tools. We propose a possible conceptual framework for such a foundation and report on our current experiment aimed at exploring the validity, completeness, and usefulness of one of its possible manifestations. In the conclusion, we argue that our vision is open to unlimited extension and can accommodate all forms of virtual collaboration and take advantage of all existing and as yet undiscovered forms of distributed information technology.


The classification of circulating microemboli as gaseous or particulate matter is essential to establish the relevance of detected embolic signals. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) technology has not yet fully succeeded in characterizing the composition of microemboli unambiguously. Recently, the authors proposed a new approach to detect, characterize and size gaseous emboli. The method is based on the nonlinear properties of gaseous bubbles. The application of this approach requires a dedicated transducer with the ability to transmit the adequate frequencies and simultaneously receive the high frequency scattered nonlinear components. The paper presents a multifrequency emboli transducer composed of two independent transmitting elements and a separate receiving part. The transmitting part can cover a frequency band between 100 kHz and 600 kHz. The reception of the signal is performed by a 110 /spl mu/m PVDF layer sensitive over a frequency band ranging from 50 kHz to 2 MHz. Experimental results show that a specific range of gaseous embolus size was detected by each transmitting element. Using the 130 kHz outer element in transmission, microemboli between 35 /spl mu/m and 105 /spl mu/m can be discriminated through their second harmonic or subharmonic emissions while gaseous microemboli between 10 /spl mu/m and 40 /spl mu/m were accurately classified using the 360 kHz inner element. The in vitro results demonstrate that nonlinear properties of microemboli combined with the new transducer offer a real opportunity to characterize and size microemboli.


Scientists generally find it useful to think in terms of relating variation in one phenomenon to variation in another, though Blumer's (1956) critique of variable analysis stands out as one indicator that this position has long been contentious among sociologists. Nonetheless, most of us try to teach students to conceptualize variation in behavior and the factors related to that variation systematically in terms of variable relations.


TO THE EDITOR: We would like to thank Dr. Oshitani for the interest in our work (1). Among other aims, we studied the course of serum ASCA levels in patients enrolled in the European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (ECCDS) VI (2) in which mesalamine was compared to placebo in a randomized, double-blind design for postoperative prophylaxis. IgG ASCA significantly increased from baseline to wk 6, 26, and 52 in the placebo group and from baseline to wk 26 in the mesalamine group. In a recent study, we have further shown that IgG ASCA levels decrease immediately after intestinal resection and rise to preoperative values within a few months (3). Since the baseline visit of ECCDS IV was within 10 days after intestinal resection, thus at the nadir of the postoperatively analyzed IgG ASCA levels, the increase of IgG ASCA during postoperative measurement might only be pretended. As we did not find any difference in changes of IgG ASCA levels in the 5-ASA versus the placebo group, we conclude that mesalamine does not have any influence. This is in opposition to the findings of Oshitani et al. (4) who have reported an impact of 5-ASA on serum IgG ASCA titers in patients with CD from a nonprospective study with single time-point measurement design. The change in serum IgG ASCA levels in treatment failures and responders (data not shown in the original paper (1)), respectively, from baseline to wk 6 (median change [ ] 0.7 U, interquartile range [IQR] –1.3 to 13.3; 2.8 U, IQR – 1.5 to 14.0, respectively), to wk 14 ( −1.7 U, IQR –4.3 to 5.4; 3.6 U, IQR –1.9 to 11.0, respectively) and to wk 26 ( 0.7 U, IQR –2.6 to 12.2; 3.3 U, IQR 0.7 to 10.7, respectively) was not different (ns) suggesting no relation between postoperative outcome and IgG ASCA course.


The web site of a library is our business card for the users: many people will know our web site before than our building, our physical resources and our staff. Muskiz's Library, with a web site from 2002, has updated its "business card" in an attempt to make it more attractive and usable. The thoughts arisen in the process of renovation of our site have helped us to understand and to take advantage of the services and the philosophy of the web 2.0. It can help us to create a more active, public and participative library: the user and the participation are the key for the success of the new initiatives. Our efforts have been focused to create and to disseminate quality contents, to promote the emergence of users with similar aims to ours ("library users") and to facilitate the use of the new tools among those who have access to our web site. We describe what we understand as web 2.0, its relevance in the library and the steps that we have given to apply its philosophy in day by day.


Precision medicine promises to transform medicine by utilizing genetic and genomic information to offer personalized care to each patient based on the individual nature of their disease. This relatively new approach in medicine has the potential to greatly improve patient care, however advancing a precision medicine agenda raises significant ethical concerns, particularly in smaller, resource-strapped developing nations like those in the Caribbean basin. Drawing on examples from Trinidad and Tobago, this viewpoint highlights some of these concerns specifically resource allocation, privacy and confidentiality, scientific merit and sociopolitical influence as well as health equity within and between countries. We contend that while precision medicine has extrinsic value, unless a precision medicine agenda complements efforts to address existing systemic pitfalls in the public health system, it will substantially widen the health disparities gap.


We study simultaneous evolution of baryon and the first generation lepton asymmetries and long range hypermagnetic fields in the temperature range $T_{EW} \sim 100$GeV$\leq T \leq 10$TeV, taking into account fermion number violation due to Abelian anomalies and the chirality flip reactions via inverse Higgs decays. More importantly, in addition to the usual contribution of the first generation leptonic chemical potentials, in this paper we also take into account the contribution of baryonic chemical potentials to the U$_\textrm{Y}$(1) Chern-Simons term which affects the evolution equations through AMHD equations. We solve the coupled equations for the fermion asymmetries and the hypermagnetic field to obtain their evolution as well as their final values at $T=T_{EW}$ for various critical ranges of initial values, and compare our results with those of our previous study. We find that, strong hypermagnetic fields make the asymmetries grow from their zero initial values. However, the final asymmetries are about 7 times smaller as compared to our previous study, while the final amplitude of the hypermagnetic field is a little larger. Moreover, almost $8$ times smaller matter asymmetries can amplify the hypermagnetic field with an initial amplitude of $10^{-2}$G to about $10$ times larger final amplitude of $10^{22}$G.


s of each citation from 1986-2011, this author randomly selected 130 articles for inclusion. Each of the articles were coded for the use of statistical significance testing, number of independent syntheses, multiplicity corrections, and a host of other variables. The results of the first phase of the project revealed several findings of interest. Across both journals and all years, the average meta-analysis utilized 70.82 (s = 94.20) tests of statistical significance. Greater use of null hypothesis testing was found for PB 110 relative to RER. In addition, the use of statistical testing has slowly increased over the past 25 years. No one type of statistical test (e.g., Q-Between) contributed more often to the overall sum as there remain many ways to test for moderation. The results indicated that the reason for an increase in statistical significance testing was due to the number of synthesis splits and, in turn, the number of independent syntheses. Indeed, one important aspect of this project was to code how meta-analysts reasoned synthesis splitting. Bender et al. (2008) hypothesized that there were primarily four reasons for synthesis splitting: Outcomes, effect sizes, treatment groups, and time points. The results of this study revealed that, in fact, up to 10 reasons exist independently in the literature. These reasons included the predictor or subscale, comparison group, participant type, data source, statistical reason, and a variety of other reasons. A majority of the time, outcome differences were reasoned by the review authors as the need for synthesis splitting. The predictor or subscale, as well as comparison group and participant type, were also reported often as reasons. Effect size, treatment group, and time point, surprisingly, were rarely rationalized as reasons to split effect sizes into independent syntheses. The final quantitative analysis for the full sample constituted a multiple regression model. The model investigated how contextual as well as multiplicity characteristics interacted to impact the total number of statistical significance tests. The results of the model revealed that the date of publication, number of studies included in the review, and number of independent syntheses all had a significant, positive relationship with the


The article deals with role behavior of students-translators in professionally-oriented translation lessons. The task of the given article is to look through the samples of intensive teaching of professionally-oriented translation at translation faculties, which is based on the exercises of role behavior. Translation is known to be one of the difficult, debatable and interesting matters in a language. Main target of learning a foreign language is bilingual communication, but in the profession of translator bilingual communication can be called its essence. Modern role theory is based on the concept of George Herbert Mead. The other specialist—Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss define the following aspects of roles:- Role as a system of expectations, which exists in the society.- Role as a system of specific expectations with respect of the individual to itself.- Role as an open, observed behavior of an individual, occupying a definite position.To the professionally-oriented translation we can refer the sequential (or consecutive) translation.Role behavior exercises can be divided into two types:The 1st type includes the exercises, which are used at first and which imply minimal lexical loading for students. The 2nd type includes exercises with role behavior, which is characterized by the complex vocabulary of professionally-oriented character. For the diversity of professionally-oriented lexics, theme of the exercises with role behavior can be changed and extracurricular practice can be organized. For example, these can include situations on the excursion to a museum.The following authors devoted their works to this matter: Christine Durieux, Perez Gamero, Hurtado Albir, Borras Espasa, Gonzales Davies. All of them have the same viewpoint that for the beginning translator should know the theme of translation and specifics of professionally-oriented translation, possess extra knowledge and gather information rightly.


Abstract The power industry has plans for an unprecedented level of capital expenditure over the next decade on projects that are required to meet increasing demand and reliability, and the replacement of aging infrastructure. A substantial proportion of this expenditure will be spent on overhead lines and major substations, assets that elicit increasingly more hostile reactions from the community. The mere suggestion of a proposal for a new sub-transmission line often brings out the "nimbys" on mass, making the job of the power industry increasingly more difficult. Overhead lines, underground cables and substations can inevitably impact on landholders and the community. Community scrutiny is increasing. Communities and individuals are better educated and informed, and are able to rally more readily than ever to demand involvement in the decision making about project outcomes. Informed and well organised communities can delay the roll out of major works. The community wants and deserves better justification, analysis and reasoning behind decisions. If stakeholder engagement is done well, it can lead to innovative solutions and stronger relationships with local communities, built on mutual respect and understanding. This involves a shift in mindset for infrastructure providers and their project teams. Through genuine engagement of key stakeholders, infrastructure providers can tap into the ideas and problem solving abilities from within communities to assist in identifying innovative solutions that are far more acceptable to all parties. This paper reflects on past and present attitudes and community consultation practices, and proposes a fresh approach that combines the technical skill and knowledge of engineers with a genuine desire to listen and understand landholders and the community. These partnerships can generate thought-provoking ideas for achieving creative and technically-sound solutions that are embraced by the community and landholders. The authors draw on experience and observation gained in community consultation and landholder negotiation in a major power infrastructure project in the Clarence Valley.


We consider traffic flow models described by a scalar conservation law. For realistic equilibrium velocity distributions we show that the entropy condition gives solutions not corresponding to the reality. An alternative condition is formulated which seems to select reasonable solutions. Two examples, the "bump" and the "cluster", are discussed.


National Cancer Institute State of the Science Conference on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) summarized diagnostic terminology. Six diagnostic categories were proposed including "follicular lesion of undetermined significance" (FLUS). FLUS was defined as findings neither convincingly benign nor sufficiently atypical for a diagnosis of "follicular neoplasm" or "suspicious for malignancy." It was proposed that this category represent less than 7% of thyroid FNAs. A search of the cytology records at three University Hospitals was performed for the term FLUS or older equivalent terms. Usage of FLUS was compared between institutions and among pathologists. Surgical pathology outcome for FLUS cases was determined. Twenty‐eight pathologists evaluated 6,872 cases at the three institutions. Use of FLUS varied among pathologists (2.5 to 28.6%). Frequency of use of FLUS among institutions varied from 3.3 to 14.9%. FLUS cases [127 of 673 (18.9%)] underwent surgical exploration with malignancy identified in 36 cases (28.3%) undergoing resection. Use of FLUS varied substantially among pathologists and institutions. FLUS category requires more rigorously defined morphologic criteria for it to become a useful guide in clinical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Antenna-in-package (AiP) technology is a packaging solution where antennas are incorporated into an integrated circuit (IC) package with a RF chip [1], [2]. One of the promising technology is the Fan-out wafer level technology especially for its excellent RF performance in mobile and automotive applications [3], [4].This paper demonstrates a double FOWLP based AiP package for 77 GHz automotive radar applications with package attachment to PCB board. The ultra large package size is 32 x 16 mm2 with 0.6mm mold thickness after singulation. The lower mold layer consists of a Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chip and lithography process is done to reroute chip I/O pads to the mold compound top layer. The through mold vias (TMV) are interconnect vias formed through the mold compound to connect to the M3 RDL layer. The antenna excitation elements are then fabricated onto the surface of the 2nd mold EMC 2. The package is then attached to an interposer PCB and functional application board with double-side surface mount components for electrical testing and characterization. Detailed assembly process parameters on wafer reconfiguration, die placement shift compensation, compression wafer molding and debonding process to establish die placement accuracy and die protrusion of ±10um will be discussed in this work. Details of the thermocompression bonding process (TCB) for the package attachment to the PCB will also be summarized in this paper.


INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER 1: GOVERNANCE OVERVIEW. 1.1 What Is It? 1.2 Back to Basics. 1.3 Origins of Governance. 1.4 Governance Definition. 1.5 Information Security Governance. 1.6 Six Outcomes of Effective Security Governance. 1.7 Defining Information, Data, Knowledge. 1.8 Value of Information. CHAPTER 2: WHY GOVERNANCE? 2.1 Benefits of Good Governance. 2.1.1 Aligning Security with Business Objectives. 2.1.2 Providing the structure and framework to optimize allocations of limited resources. 2.1.3 Providing assurance that critical decisions are not based on faulty information. 2.1.4 Ensuring accountability for safeguarding critical assets. 2.1.5 Increasing trust of customers and stakeholders. 2.1.6 Increasing the company's worth. 2.1.7 Reducing liability for information inaccuracy or lack of due care in protection. 2.1.8 Increasing predictability and reducing uncertainty of business operations. 2.2 A Management Problem. CHAPTER 3: LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS. 3.1 Security Governance and Regulation. CHAPTER 4: ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES. 4.1 The Board of Directors. 4.2 Executive Management. 4.3 Security Steering Committee. 4.4 The CISCO. CHAPTER: STRATEGIC METRICS. 5.1 Governance Objectives. 5.1.1 Strategic Direction. 5.1.2 Ensuring Objectives are Achieved. 5.1.3. Risks Managed Appropriately. 5.1.4 Verifying Resources are Used Responsibly. CHAPTER 6: INFORMATION SECURITY OUTCOMES. 6.1 Defining Outcomes. 6.1.1 Strategic alignment. 6.1.2 Risk Management. 6.1.3 Business process assurance / convergence. 6.1.4 Value delivery. 6.1.5 Resource management. 6.1.6 Performance measurement. CHAPTER 7: SECURITY GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES. 7.1 Security Architecture. 7.1.1 Managing Complexity. 7.1.2 Providing a Framework & Road Map. 7.1.3 Simplicity & Clarity through Layering & Modularisation. 7.1.4 Business Focus beyond the Technical Domain. 7.1.5 Objectives of Information Security Architectures. 7.1.6 SABSA Framework for Security Service Management. 7.1.7 SABSA Development Process. 7.1.8 SABSA Lifecycle. 7.1.9 SABSA Attributes. 7.2 COBIT. 7.3 Capability Maturity Model. 7.4 ISO/IEC 27001/ 27002. 7.4.1 ISO 27001. 7.4.2 ISO 27002. 7.5 Other Approaches. 7.5.1 National Cybersecurity Task Force. CHAPTER 8: RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES. Risk Management Responsibilities. Managing Risk Appropriately. 8.1 Determining Risk Management Objectives. 8.1.1 Recovery Time Objectives. CHAPTER 9: CURRENT STATE. 9.1 Current State of Security. 9.2 Current State of Risk Management. 9.3 Gap Analysis - Unmitigated Risk. 9.3.1 SABSA. 9.3.2 CMM. CHAPTER 10: DEVELOPING A SECURITY STRATEGY. 10.1 Failures of Strategy. 10.2 Attributes of A Good Security Strategy. 10.3 Strategy Resources. 10.3.1 Utilizing Architecture for Strategy Development. 10.3.2 Using Cobit for Strategy Development. 10.3.3 Using CMM for Strategy Development. 10.4 STRATEGY CONSTRAINTS. 10.4.1 Contextual constraints. 10.4.2 Operational constraints. CHAPTER 11: SAMPLE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT. 11.1 The Process. CHAPTER 12: IMPLEMENTING STRATEGY. Action Plan Intermediate Goals. Action Plan Metrics. Re-engineering. Inadequate Performance. 12.1 Elements Of Strategy. 12.1.1 Policy Development. Attributes of Good Policies. Sample Policy Development. Other Policies. 12.1.2 Standards. Attributes of Good Standards. Sample Standards. Classifications. Standard Statement. CHAPTER 13: SECURITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT METRICS. 13.1 Information Security Program Development Metrics. 13.2 Program Development Operational Metrics. CHAPTER 14: INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT METRICS. 14.1 Management Metrics. 14.2 Security Management Decision Support Metrics. 14.4 CISO Decisions. 14.2.1 Strategic alignment. 14.2.2 Risk Management. 14.2.3 Metrics for Risk Management. 14.2.4 Assurance Process Integration. 14.2.5 Value Delivery. 14.2.6 Resource Management. 14.2.7 Performance Measurement. 14.7 Information Security Operational Metrics. 14.3.1 IT and Information Security Management. 14.3.2 Compliance Metrics. CHAPTER 15: INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE METRICS. 15.1 Incident Management Decision Support Metrics. Conclusion. Appendix A. SABSA Business Attributes & Metrics. Appendix B. Cultural Worldviews. Heirarchists. Egalitarians. Individualists. Fatalists.


Work during the period included analytic studies of vent clearing and jet-slug dynamics and computer simulations (HEMP and CHAMP codes) of pressure suppression experiments.


Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum adenosine triphosphate(ATP),adenosine diphosphate(ADP),adenosine monophosphate(AMP) hydrolysis and soluble nucleotide phosphodiesterase activitie at the time points post-epileptic attack.Methods Blood samples were obtained in seizure interim and at 5 min,10 min,20 min,30 min,60 min and 10 h post-epileptic attack.The hydrolysis rates of serum ATP,ADP,AMP and the soluble nucleotide phosphodiesterase activitie were evaluated in 30 epilepey patients.The results were compared with 20 normal controls.Results Compared with normal control group,there were no differences of the hydrolysis rates of serum ATP,ADP,AMP and the soluble nucleotide phosphodiesterase activitie in the seizure interim and at 10 h post-epileptic attack,but which were significantly increased at the rest time points(except 60 min post-epileptic) in epilepsy group(P0.05-0.01).In comparison with normal control group,the hydrolysis rates of ADP and AMP were significantly increased at 5 min post-epileptic attack(all P0.01),and continued to 30 min post-epileptic attack.The hydrolysis rate of ATP and phosphodiesterase activitie were significantly increased at 5 min post-epileptic attack,reached the highest level at 20 min,remained significantly increased at 60 min(all P0.01).The hydrolysis rate of serum ATP and the soluble nucleotide phosphodiesterase activitie were returned to the basal level at 10 h post-epileptic attack.Conclusion The activities of serum soluble adenine nucleotidase are significantly increased post-epileptic attack,which may play a role in the modulation of epileptic events.


Machine learning is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building. We are interested in exploring machine learning algorithms to study past sales data in order to make future sales predications for Fastenal Company. Fastenal Company is the largest fastener distributor in North America. It has over 2,600 branches throughout the US, Canada, Mexico and Europe along with 13 distribution centers. Optimizing the inventory in the distribution centers and branches will certainly reduce shipping and storage costs for the company. In order to do so, we are using Fastenal's product consumption table from the period of 2013 to 2016 to predict product sales in the future as a starting point. In our approach, we used Linear Regression, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to forecast product sales in the selected branch or distribution center. To evaluate the forecast result, we used the Coefficient of Determination (R 2 for short), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) to measure the accuracy of our model. The contribution of this research work is that we define a process flow to use the three models in practice. We ran the data through a Linear Regression model first. Based on the model accuracy measurement, we either accept the forecast result or pass the bad fit data into the ARIMA model. Similarly, we then either accept the ARIMA model result or pass the bad fit data to the LSTM model. This process is proposed due to the limitation of computation power. The size of the consumption table is over 146 millions lines, and the three models have different processing times. The Linear Regression is the fastest, and the LSTM is the slowest. The future work of this research includes improving model accuracy and plan inventory redistribution based on the forecasted sales, taking into consideration the shipping distance and the cost.


The invention discloses a main transmission device for a milling and boring machine ram spindle box, which comprises a spindle motor, a motor base, a milling shaft, a boring shaft, a square ram and a spindle box body. The spindle motor is fastened to the lateral face of the motor base through a connecting disk, the motor base is fastened on the upper portion of the square ram, the spindle motor drives a large belt pulley at the tail of the milling shaft by means of belt transmission, and a belt adjusting bolt is arranged between the upper portion of the connecting disk and the top of the motor base. By the aid of the main transmission device, the structure is obviously simplified, working noise is lowered, and working speed, precision and reliability are improved.


Background and purpose: Glycyrrhiza glabra is a perennial plant with some major food and medicinal compounds that has received attention by food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of licorice on in vitro maturation of immature oocytes on NMRI mice. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the animals were randomly divided into five groups: a control, a sham and three experimental groups. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 7.5 IU PMSG to stimulate ovulation. The control group, received only water and food. The sham animals were gavaged with 200 ml of distilled water for 7 days. The three experimental groups were given daily injection of 100, 200, and 500 μL licorice by oral gavage for 7 days. The mice were sacrificed on day 8, the ovaries were then removed and investigated for oocytes reaching metaphase II (MII) within 24 hours. The oocytes were fertilized by the sperm of male mice and investigated after 24 and 48 hours after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results: Compared with the control group, consumption of licorice extract in experimental groups (II and III) was found to have a positive effect on the number of follicles, oocytes, and number of 2 and 4 cell embryos. Conclusion: This study showed the beneficial effects of licorice extract due to its Phytoestrogenic properties on oocyte maturation and infertility.


The Northwest Passage consists of several possible water routes through the Canadian Arctic islands that connect the Beaufort Sea (and through the Bering Strait the Pacific Ocean) and Baffin Bay (in the North Atlantic Ocean). As a result of technological improvements in icebreaking, the commercial interest in moving resources and goods from and through the Arctic and the diminishment of yearround ice-coverage as a result of global climate change, the amount of international commercial shipping activity in the Arctic Ocean is expected to increase and this increase will also be seen in the Northwest Passage. The legal status of the Northwest Passage is usually perceived as a Canadian-US issue primarily because the United States first brought the issue to the fore in 1969-1970 and the United States has, when asked, disagreed with the Canadian view of the Northwest Passage. Keywords: Arctic Ocean; Beaufort Sea; Canadian Arctic islands; Canadian-US issue; Northwest Passage


The problem of teaching and formulating the tasks for the "Applied Geometry" discipline is considered in this paper. Currently, in aviation high educational institutions there is a tendency to reduce the number of hours allocated to graphic disciplines; in addition, "Descriptive Geometry" – the habitual name of the discipline – has been replaced by name "Applied Geometry". This is certainly connected with the transition to learning on undergraduate programs, that implies a competency-based approach, i.e., training in accordance with the necessary knowledge and methods of activity in a particular area [4; 9; 23; 29; 30; 34]. The planned results of learning in "Applied Geometry" include knowledge of methods for solving applied engineering-geometric problems, as well as the ability to use the basic elements of applied geometry and engineering graphics in professional activities, and to solve specific applied problems of geometric modeling [4; 14; 20; 22; 32]. For these reasons arises the question of the need to adapt "Descriptive Geometry" to the requirements and programs for the training of bachelors, bringing it to conformity with the name "Applied Geometry" of the discipline. According to the results of "Applied Geometry" studying, students ought to gain experience and have the ability to independently solve cognitive, organizational and other problems related to their future professional activities [28–30]. In this paper is proposed a general approach to the formulation of "Applied Geometry" problems for cadets pursuing a bachelor's degree in "Air Navigation" (25.03.03) and "Operation of Airports and Flight Support of Aircraft" (25.03.04). Using rather simple examples, has been considered the possibility to formulate the problem in such a way that instead of the traditional formulation it could be applied for a specific bachelor's degree. As well has been considered a complex applied problem, which is suitable as a task for performing a computational and graphic work, since it integrates several topics of the discipline.


A quantiative comparison was made of various stress relief bends with and without sleeving in three commonly used encapsulants. Silicone rubber and heat shrinkable polyolifin sleeving were used on right angle, full loop, and hump style lead bends. Small (from 254\mum to 762\mum diameter) and large (762 \mum to 1.27 mm diameter) wires were used to simulate small and large component leads. The component leads were encapsulated in microballoon-filled epoxy, 128 kg/m3urethane foam, and 320 kg/m3urethane foam. Ten test samples were fabricated in each configuration; five were used for tensile loading, and five were used for compressive loading.


A comparison of the city development of Munich (Germany) and Birmingham (England) shows the adverse consequences of excluding egalitarian‐minded organizations and perspectives from public decision making. Since the Second World War, Munich has become an economically thriving and beautiful city in which people from all walks of life can feel at home. During the same period of time, Birmingham has struggled economically, socially and aesthetically. Their diverging paths, from quite similar starting positions, can be explained with the help of the argument that in Munich a much more pluralistic policy regime has reigned, whereas in Birmingham egalitarian views have been ignored until very recently. Yet, another attempt at urban revitalization—this time in the multi‐ethnic, impoverished Schilderswijk in The Hague, the Netherlands—illustrates that policy making can also become too egalitarian. An in‐depth study of a municipal attempt to revitalize this neighbourhood reveals that this effort floundered, as it was overly infused with egalitarian concerns and values.


Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary gallbladder carcinom(aPGC). Methods By way of the retrospective clinical analysis of 19 cases of PGC, some details combined with related literature were construed involving high dangerous factor, clinical characteristic, unexpected gallbladder carcinoma(UGC) and port site metastasis (PSM) about PGC. Results Twelve cases with gallbladder ston(e63.16%) in the group; 12 cases of PGC were confirmed according to clinical behave, computed tomography(CT) and B-ultrasonography (B-US). Preoperative diagnostic rate were 63.16(%12/19), operative resection rate were 47.37%(9/19). Two cases of UGC encountered during 1866 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectom(yLC)(0.11%); one of 383 cases with open cholecystectomy (OC)(0.26%), and overall rate of UGC of LC and OC were 0.13%(3/2249). one of PSM during 1866 cases of L(C0.05%) were observed. Following-up for three months to five years, the average survival time were 2.4 years. Conclusion B-US and CT are the main methods in early diagnosis of PGC. The entirely resected gallbladder should be routinely examined and frozen-section examination in order to avoid pretermission. Once PGC is diagnosed, radical resection is the best choice.


Achieving a shared vision is often cited as a prerequisite to successful organisational change. What change strategists do not take into consideration is how this concept applies to complex systems such as those found in higher education. This paper explores and identifies the divergent perspectives and meanings found among the multiplicity of stakeholders that comprise systems of higher education. Based on a case study involving the implementation of a new admissions criteria framework, the author identifies two strategies that were successfully used by change agents. The findings are relevant to those involved in implementing change in higher education.


This assessment was made as part of a systematic process of evaluating the impacts of clustering vegetable farmers in the southern Philippines. Program theory was used to map the impacts. The performance of cluster and non-cluster farmers was compared. Farmers' performance before and after clustering was also examined. The study found that, on average, cluster farmers had higher incomes than non-cluster farmers. Moreover, farmers increased their income by about 47% after clustering. Examining the returns on investment in the research project, it was found that the net present value (NPV) was 35.3 million pesos, the internal rate of return (IRR) 48.6% and the benefit:cost ratio (BCR) 2.47. When spillover effects were considered at a 5% adoption rate, the NPV, IRR and BCR increased to 106.9 million pesos, 81.5% and 3.8, respectively.


Hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted in the laboratory on compacted sand bentonite mixtures using calcium chloride solutions at various concentration s and tap water to determine the effects of cation loading on the durability of the mixtures to simulated environmental stresses. Low concentrations of divalent cations are commonly found in groundwater, landfill leachate, and pore water in landfill cover systems that are exposed to wet-dry cycles. The hydraulic conductivity of specimens permeated with 0.05-M and 0.005-M CaCl2 increased by more than five orders of magnitude when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying and the lower concentration required more cycles to cause the same increase in hydraulic conductivity as with the 0.05-M solution. The hydraulic conductivity of the specimen permeated with tap water did not increase significantly when exposed to cyclical wetting and drying. Index tests were also conducted to measure the swelling potential of the bentonite when hydrated with the various solutions. The swelling potential of the bentonite decreases with increasing concentrations of calcium ions and with additional cycles of wetting and drying.


This paper aimed at the high added value use of a deoiled asphaltene.Monodispersed highly graphitized graphitic spheres (GSs)with high thermal stability were synthesized by vacuum thermal processing followed chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The carbon microbeds and the synthesized GSs were compared by means of SEM,HRTEM,XRD and TGA.Vacuum thermal processed GSs are of high degree of graphitization and good thermal stability.The disordered structure of carbon microbeds were thermodynamically propelled to transit to the graphitic structure,forming the GSs.


The present invention describes an optical stack comprising a first optical film, the optical film comprises a first plurality of structures disposed on the first surface, the structure comprises an optically active portion is designed primarily for providing optical gain and optionally optically inactive adhesive portion, a light-transmitting adhesive layer bonded to the first surface of the second optical film such that a portion of the adhesive layer to penetrate the structure and forming a spacing between the adhesive layer and the first surface. In one embodiment, the optical stack exhibits a high peel strength and high holding a luminance combination, particularly after aging. The adhesive layer preferably comprises a polyacrylate component and the reaction product of the polymerizable monomer, i.e. an interpenetrating network, and said adhesive layer has an elastic modulus in the range of 100MPa to 2000MPa at 25 ℃.


Parties lose members, and organizational measures adopted to counter the alleged "crisis of parties" have often turned out to be counterproductive. In response to this development, scholars have argued that parties need to strengthen their deliberative capacity. Despite this (normative) claim, we know very little about levels of deliberation in contemporary parties. Based on unique longitudinal surveys among Norwegian party members between 1991 and 2017, the article analyzes levels of deliberative capacity across time and parties. The study finds a substantial level of deliberative capacity and that this capacity has been strengthened in recent decades. There is some inter-party variation, but it reflects the organizational origin of the parties only to a limited degree. The findings suggest that the deliberative capacity of political parties is far better than often assumed in the literature. Therefore, the study argues that "crisis" is a term unfit to describe recent developments in contemporary parties in Norway, and that membership figures alone are an insufficient indicator to measure the linkage potential of party organizations in democracies.


Surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) is treated using high frequency discharge, and the work function is measured with the method of contact barrier difference. Analogy of hole injection barrier indicates that the interface barrier of ITO is lowered after being treated with the high frequency discharge method using hole-only devices. In addition, improved performances, i.e., lower turn-on vol-(tages) and higher luminance and efficiency of bilayer devices with treated ITO, are found in devices that are ITO-treated.


Monte Carlo techniques, which require the generation of samples from some target density, are often the only alternative for performing Bayesian inference. Two classic sampling techniques to draw independent samples are the ratio of uniforms (RoU) and rejection sampling (RS). An efficient sampling algorithm is proposed combining the RoU and polar RS (i.e. RS inside a sector of a circle using polar coordinates). Its efficiency is shown in drawing samples from truncated Cauchy and Gaussian random variables, which have many important applications in signal processing and communications.


A shortcoming of generation using rolling method is given by the interference of profiles due to the generation of trajectories of the discontinuities on the composed profiles, as happens with the majority of profiles used in technical applications. An analysis of an interference process in case of a gear worm is proposed in this paper. The problem is approached as a gear between the toothed wheel and the rack (the worm's axial section), using the complementary theorem of the generation of trajectories. An analytical support and a graphical algorithm developed in CATIA design environment are presented. A numerical example calculated using the graphical methodology is also presented.


The utility model discloses a flavoring and feeding device; and the flavoring and feeding device comprises a material liquid pipeline and a first compressed air pipeline, which are respectively connected with a nozzle, wherein a first diaphragm valve is arranged on the material liquid pipeline; a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the first compressed air pipeline; a material outlet end of the first diaphragm valve is provided with a second compressed air pipeline; and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second compressed air pipeline. According to the utility model, excess materials in the material liquid pipeline can be applied to materials by the nozzle, so as to guarantee that the material liquid is completely applied to the materials and the flavoring and feeding accuracy is enhanced; meanwhile, an effect of cleaning the material liquid pipeline is also achieved, so that flavor mixing and flavor-crossing phenomena can be avoided when the flavoring and feeding device is used for changing flavors next time.


Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. The aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) from infants with RSV infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kDa innate immunity protein SPLUNC1.


Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate can exhibit an anomalous Hall effect at 3/4 filling due to the spontaneous valley polarization in valley resolved moir\'e bands with opposite Chern number [Science 367, 900 (2020); Science 365, 605 (2019)]. It was observed that a small DC current is able to switch the valley polarization and reverse the sign of the Hall conductance [Science 367, 900 (2020); Science 365, 605 (2019)]. Here, we discuss the mechanism of the current switching of valley polarization near the transition temperature, where bulk dissipative transport dominates. We show that for a sample with rotational symmetry breaking, a DC current may generate an electron density difference between the two valleys (valley density difference). The current induced valley density difference in turn induces a first-order transition in the valley polarization. We emphasize that the intervalley scattering plays a central role since it is the channel for exchanging electrons between the two valleys. We further estimate the valley density difference in the TBG/h-BN system with a microscopic model and find a significant enhancement of the effect in the magic angle regime.


Physostigmine produces a contraction of the muscularis mucosae but not of the external muscle of the isolated guinea-pig oesophagus. The oesophagus of guinea-pigs contains a striped external muscle innervated by vagal fibres which are not blocked by hexametho-nium, and a muscularis mucosae consisting of plain muscle innervated by post-ganglionic nerves. This led to the suggestion that contractions produced by physostigmine in the isolated guinea-pig oesophagus involved only post-ganglionic nerves or the muscularis mucosae (Bartlet, 1968a, b). The chicken oesophagus has a plain external muscle and muscularis mucosae (Calhoun, 1933, 1954), and in the present experiments physostigmine increased the tone of both the external muscle and the muscularis mucosae. The possibility that physostigmine acted through non-neuronal structures has been investigated by testing its effect in the presence of cocaine. In addition the histochemical localization of cholinesterases was investigated to depict the site of action of physostigmine. 40 on microtome. The were for acetylcholinesterase or butyryl- cholinesterase by the thiocholine method (Krnjevic & Silver, 1965), with incubation in the substrate containing solution being carried out at a pH of 5.4 for 5 hr. Some sections were placed in a solution of physo- stigmine salicylate (4 tig/ml.) or diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) (10 tLg/ml.) for 30 before being incubated in a medium which contained in addition to the substrate the inhibitor at the concentration men- tioned. Incubation of sections with butyrylthiocholine produced staining at sites of butyrylcholinesterase activity only, whereas when acetylthiocholine was used as substrate staining was produced at sites of acetyl- cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. DFP (10 [ug/ml.) inhibited the activity of butyrylcholinesterase only, and physostigmine salicylate (4 ,ug/ml.) inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and butyryl- cholinesterase activities.


─ Based on optical image analysis characteristics, various applications can be developed for infrared monitoring systems. Because infrared images are characterized by poor quality, low contrast, and few feature points, median filters are employed to recover and reconstruct images to improve the quality of infrared images. Based on the theory of order statistics, median filters are an easy-calculating and fast non-linear signal processing technology that can denoise signals effectively. After pre-processing, the reference background images are established and saved on SDRAM. We then retrieve the sequence images and the reference background images to conduct background subtraction to calculate image differences. Following background subtraction, changes in light sources and the speed of moving objects can cause noise and object appears shattered. Thus, we use morphological closing operation to mend shattered, incomplete segments and morphological opening operation to remove unnecessary noises and small segments. To realize moving object tracking, we employ image labeling to segment various moving objects and the barycentric method to calculate the barycentric and boundary coordinates. Finally, the moving objects were retrieved.


The government has backtracked on plans to introduce assessments at the start of the reception year, at least for now, although there are concerns that the interests of children were not the prime reason.


Researchers contrasted claimed substance intoxication at the time of crime commission with violent crimes for 1988 admissions to the North Carolina Department of Correction. Self-report prevalence rates of substance intoxication (54.37%) were similar to the percentages of positive urine samples randomly taken from parolees (57.29%) and probationers (46.71%). Some admissions of all ages (range: 15-65) reported using drugs at the time of their crime. Prisoners reporrcd age-linked preferences for drugs beginning with poly-substance abuse, primarily alcohol ,and cannabis, at age 20 and progressing to heroin by age 35. The .most frequently abused drug was alcohol. Intoxicated criminals committed no more violent offenses than sober offenders. Inmates inebriated with illegal drugs committed fewer violent crimes than either sober offenders, poly-abusers, or alcohol abusers. Results suggest that intoxication with alcohol free mood altering drugs contribute to a reduction of violent crime among incarcerated crimina...


In sand鄄land ecological systems, there are wide鄄spread biological soil crusts which have an important function in the ecological systems. In this study, the heavy metal element contents in artificial biological and physical crusts of different stages were measured in the vicinity of Dalate Thermal Power Plant in Kubuqi Desert to analyze the influence of physical soil crusts and different types of biological soil crusts in different developmental stages upon the ability to accumulate heavy metal and indication of their pollution. The results showed that the contents of various heavy metals increased each year with the increasing of the developmental time of biological and physical crusts of different stages. For most of types of heavy


The tight sand oil reservoir found in the Ordos basin is known for its very low porosity and permeability. Almost every well has been stimulated using hydraulic fracturing techniques. The average production for a vertical well is approximately 4–5 tons per day. Among such a large number of fracture jobs, enhanced production after stimulation does not always meet expectations. Since 2005, hydraulic fracturing monitoring services have been carried out widely in this field to improve fracture geometry understanding and optimize well placement. With the implementation on-site, real-time hydraulic fracture monitoring, the pumping procedure can be adjusted accordingly based on the mapped microseismic events. Based on the past hydraulic fracturing monitoring experience in this field, an average microseismic event detectable distance range around 300 m is expected for the case of geophones inside a monitor well. Two parallel horizontal wells were thus drilled at 600m apart. Horizontal section length is around 1,500m for both wells. The original hydraulic fracture plans for each well consisted of 18 stage stimulations, but were subsequently adjusted to 13 stages based on real-time hydraulic fracture monitoring results. Three monitoring wells were drilled from toe to heel as shown in Figure 1. These monitor wellswill also be used as water injection wells in later secondary recovery processes. So hydraulic fractures generated by the pumping from both horizontal wells are not expected to extend far enough to reach the monitor wells. With this favorable well layout, simultaneous dual-well hydraulic fracture monitoring was proposed and conducted. In order to obtain the optimized fracturing parameters first, the initial 3 stages of each treatment well was conducted at one stage per well i.e. stimulate well-1 and then move to frac well-2. Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing began after the initial six stages were completed.


In 1993 Women Fighting AIDS in Kenya (WOFAK) was founded by 10 women who felt that support organizations were largely male-dominated and did not address the relationship between HIV/AIDS and gender. Most of the over 500 members of WOFAK are women with HIV living in slum areas of Nairobi. WOFAK works at both the community and political level to help women deal with the caretaking burdens and social stigma associated with the pandemic. It operates a variety of programs including home-based care training counseling services the development of traditional alternative therapies and educational outreach programs for girls to help reduce the diseases profound effect on women. In addition WOFAK also explores alternative therapy and traditional healing as a means to reduce the cost and pain that accompany opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Therefore the outreach prevention and advocacy programs have also included the distribution of thousands of condoms training of peer educators the operation of counseling centers and education of traditional birth attendants young people and community leaders. It is noted that through a comprehensive combination of innovative programs and sensitivity to HIV/AIDS and gender WOFAK is fighting HIV/AIDS in the context of Kenyan society.


Objective To investigate the clinical effects of psychological nursing in caring of patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma. Methods Sixty -four patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma were randomly assigned into study group and control group, with 32 cases respectively. Both groups were cared by conventional nursing and study group was also cared by psychological nursing on this basis. The nursing effect of both groups was observed. Results Before the treatment, the SAS score of both groups patients had no significant difference ( P 0.05). After the treatment, the SAS score of both groups was markedly decreased; the SAS score of study group was obviously lower than that of control group with highly significant difference by statistical comparison ( P 0.01). Conclusion For patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma, psychological nursing can improve their anxiety levels and compliance. The adverse psychology of patients should be analyzed with special attention and cared for symptom.