FIELD: production of cover hexahedral tube-blanks of low-ductile boron steel for compacted storage of waste nuclear fuel, possibly manufacture of hexahedral tube-blanks of given size, restoration of rejected hexahedral blanks after boring, turning and repairing of their outer surfaces according to rolling-origin flaws. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of rolling conversion tubes with size 290 x 12 x 2100-2200 mm; cutting tube lengths by means of hot cutting saw by tubes; marking out tubes for cutting by blanks; marking blanks; cutting tubes by blanks; measuring geometry parameters of blanks; straightening blanks with common curvature along length more than 3.0 mm; boring blanks for further quality control of their inner surface and inner diameter; marking blanks inside by means of paint; forming inner and outer chamfers; turning blanks in machine tools with servo system; technologically controlling wall thickness of blanks; inspecting and repairing defect zones of outer surface; measuring thickness of wall; repairing zones of outer surface having flaws and thickness of wall outside plus limit size; performing secondary turning if necessary; transferring number of blank by means of stamps onto outer surface of blanks; degreasing blanks; subjecting blanks to induction heat treatment, ultrasound flaw detection and to spectroscope control; drilling openings for drawing chain for profiling on marked ends of blanks; applying salt lubricant onto blanks; warm shaping of hexahedral blanks; controlling geometry sizes of hexahedral blanks; degreasing them; heat treating hexahedral blanks; controlling size 257 ± 2 x 6 + 1.75/-1.0 mm; correcting portions whose sizes are outside plus allowance field; controlling total curvature of faces along length of hexahedral blanks; marking out and cutting hexahedral blanks by measured length 4300+80/-20 mm; selecting templates in order to make samples for mechanical testing; transferring marking; removing fins, trimming and blowing through hexahedral blanks; straightening in press hexahedral blanks with curvature more than 3.0 mm along length of tube-blank; inspection after straightening curvature and controlling size; controlling hexahedral blanks for passing templates through them; straightening if necessary; controlling geometry size of hexahedral blanks; trimming portions of hexahedral blanks whose sizes are outside plus limit values along wall thickness and finish sizes; reception; brightening; testing metal templates of hexahedral blanks by mechanical properties; final reception; marking and packaging hexahedral tube-blanks. Blanks after boring, turning and repairing flaws of outer surface with wall thickness in repairing places less than 5.0 mm are fed for further operations of manufacturing process including degreasing of blanks and then flaw zones are repaired by electric arc surfacing under flux layer or in argon shield atmosphere by means of electrode of boron steel. Repaired zones are subjected to grinding till predetermined wall thickness and smooth joining with planes of hexahedron and then they are subjected to heat treatment at performing all next technological operations according to manufacturing process. EFFECT: lowered metal consumption, reduced cost of commercial hexahedral tube-blanks. 3 cl, 1 tbl


This paper describes recursive composition inference techniques (identified with inference on a Bayesian network) to efficiently and optimally reason about military units from partial observations of constituent vehicles. This model-based approach requires statistical models of the composition of military units as well as of the processes of vehicle detection and observation. Given these statistical models the Bayesian network both infers unit-type and refines vehicle-type conditioned upon partial observations of the detected vehicles. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to provide performance estimates under variable conditions. The main innovation of this approach is the recursive decomposition of composition hypotheses to efficiently infer between vehicle-level hypotheses and unitlevel hypotheses. The primary benefit of this work is that it provides a means for reasoning about aggregates of objects which is simple, robust and rigorous.


The series of experiments on mass measurements of J/Ψ, Ψ ψ, ψ′, X and D mesons have been done on VEPP4-M collider. The accuracy of obtained masses values for Ψ mesons exceeded world value more than 3 times. Experiment on mass measurement of tau lepton is in progress. All these experiments require absolute energy calibration of the beams. Resonant depolarization technique has been used for most accurate energy measurement with relative accuracy of 1 ppm (10-6). Compton backscattering effect is used in developing facility for fast energy measurements. Möller scattering of the beam on polarized gas jet target has been used for beam polarization measurements.


The urgency of the problem. The prevalence of background diseases of the cervix (CC) today has the character of an epidemic. According to data published in the scientific and medical literature, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias account for up to 70% of all gynecological patients.


The features of the operation of hydroelectric power plants, which are used to regulate the frequency and power in the power system with a wide range of load variations and with varying degrees of intensity of operation mode variations, are considered. An approach is proposed to assess the impact on the reliability of hydraulic turbine equipment used in these modes. When examining the equipment of existing hydroelectric power plants, it has been revealed that the mode of automatic secondary regulation of frequency and power flows in the power system has the greatest impact on the technical condition of hydraulic turbines. Intense participation in regulation leads to an increase in dynamic loads on the hydraulic unit, loads on the friction pairs of the regulating elements of the turbine compared to the basic, semipeak and peak modes and leads to additional wear, reduced reliability and deterioration of the technical condition of the equipment. The operation in the automatic secondary regulation mode of hydraulic units at different HPPs differs depending on the function performed in the power system. To determine the loading of a hydraulic unit with transient load variation modes during operation in the mode of automatic secondary regulation of frequency and power flows, it is proposed to introduce a parameter characterizing the intensity of operation of hydraulic units of HPP in the aforesaid mode and to take it into account in order to accumulate data on the actual operating modes of hydraulic units and use it in assessing and predicting the technical condition of equipment.


Measures of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (AIFSs), such as subsethood, cardinality, distance, similarity, correlation, and evaluation functions, are often used in application problems. This paper investigates such measures from various perspectives. First, based on the relative relations of an AIFS to other AIFSs, four functions, namely superiority, noninferiority, determinacy, and nonhesitancy, are constructed, which consist of dual bipolar scales, namely (superiority, noninferiority) and (determinacy, nonhesitancy). Then, the proposed measures of AIFSs are axiomatically defined using the dual bipolar scales. Geometrical demonstrations, in general, show consistency between the proposed measures and existing ones. However, unlike existing measures, the proposed measures can highlight the significant features of AIFSs. In addition, the attitude of decision makers is also implanted in measures to allocate the importance in the dual bipolar scales. Two numerical examples are used to demonstrate the applicability and distinctiveness of the proposed measures.


The relationship between the diversification of enterprises and their performances is a core research subject in the field of strategic management of enterprises.Though existing studies show that diversification is helpful in improving the value of tourism enterprises,few researchers have examined the relationship between types of diversification and the performance of tourism enterprises in terms of mergers and acquisitions(MAs).This paper explores the relationship between different types of diversified MAs of tourism enterprises and their long-term performance by dividing diversified MAs into related diversified MAs and unrelated diversified MAs;it adopts accounting research methods to measure the impact of different types of diversified MAs on the long-term performance of enterprises,and it takes 41 incidents of diversified MAs of listed tourism companies from 2002 to 2008 as its study area. MAs were selected from the Merger,Acquisition and Assets Restructuring Database of Chinese Listed Companies;they were divided into horizontal MAs and diversified MAs,and the former were omitted from this study.In classifying related and unrelated diversified MAs,this paper adopts a more objective method than that commonly employed.Generally,researchers distinguish between related and unrelated diversified MAs by determining whether the acquiring firm and acquired firm are in the same two-digit code industry using the four-digit code of the Standard Industry Classification.This method is at variance with the original sense of related diversification,though it does reduce the subjective role of the researchers.Thus,we assessed the types of diversified MAs by judging the strategic objective relevance and technological or market relevance of the businesses of the two parties according to the description of the practical uses and strategic purposes of the underlying assets in the MA announcement.In addition,the accounting research method in this study adopts six indicators to form a synthesized evaluation index system to determine the long-performances of tourism enterprises: profitability,operation capacity,growth ability,credit capacity,financial structure,and cash flow.Further,through an analysis of the empirical results,we were able to observe changes in the performance of the acquiring firms and conduct a regression analysis to examine whether or not changes in the performance had resulted from differences in the type of diversified MA. The results show that the long-term performance of tourism enterprises clearly differs according to the type of diversified MA.The long-term performances of enterprises(as assessed using a synthesized evaluation index) presented a large rise and then a fall after unrelated diversified MAs,and the increase was on average only 8% over 2 years after the MA.Enterprises' long-term performance after related diversified MAs dropped a little over the first year,but it rose sharply after 2 years;the increase was on average 147%,2 years after the MA.The effect of different types of diversified MAs on enterprises' performances 2 years after the MA was almost significant at the 10% level after controlling for other characteristics of the acquiring firms.These results suggest that enterprises can obtain long-term benefits through related diversified MAs but not through unrelated diversified MAs.In addition,related diversified MAs are more likely to occur with enterprises that have a better business performances than those with unrelated diversified MAs. With regard to the diversification of tourism enterprises,we suggest therefore that such enterprises should give priority to related diversification.They should enter a new industry according to the degree of relatedness that industry has with their own area of business and focus on related diversified industries.


Individual ability and motivation have long been considered in research on learning and job performance. General mental ability (GMA) and learning goal orientation (LGO) are two often-studied predictors of learning performance, but research on these two constructs commonly examines between-individual differences in learning performance. Recent work (Chen & Mathieu, 2008; Yeo & Neal, 2004) suggests that these predictors may have important within-individual effects on learning. That is, the slope of performance across multiple episodes also varies as a function of GMA and LGO. The current study tests the between- and within-individual effects of GMA and LGO in an applied student sample (N(between-persons)=301, N(within-persons)=1505) over 1 semester in an introductory management course. Using random coefficient longitudinal growth modeling (Bliese & Ployhart, 2002), we find that GMA and LGO operate at both the between- and within-person levels in predicting learning performance. Additionally, our data show ...


442 "the interference of the individual as ego," and to escape the "egocentric predicament" of the artist (139). Far from naive or untheorized, Byers argues, Olson's conception of the relation of subject and object is deeply informed by, among other things, the reckoning with "uncertainty" demanded by quantum mechanics. For Olson, "the author must find subject matter in the very gulf between mind and world; the point at which representation falls short of definiteness" (124). Olson's poetic and intellectual concerns are, as his work develops, "embodied in an increasingly disjunctive and intractable textuality" and it is through his dogged investigation of the possibilities of prosody and page space that he enacts his radical "practice of the self" most fully (183). As for the question of how exactly this practice of the self contributes to a "a new model of political action," Byers's account remains suggestive rather than conclusive (183).


It is demonstrated that galaxies in which star formation proceeds in a small number of bursts evolve their chemical elements in ratios which are very different from those in galaxies with continuing star formation. Systematic changes of element ratios with overall chemical abundance are determined to a large extent by the onset and duration of the star formation bursts and can be very different from those seen in the solar neighborhood. In particular, it is shown that an underabundance of oxygen relative to iron, such as is observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud, occurs naturally when star formation proceeds in a small number of widely separated bursts, as is inferred from the age distribution of LMC field stars and clusters. There is no need to invoke either variations in the stellar initial mass function or metal-enhanced winds. 25 refs.


Objective To study germicidal efficacy and its influencing factors of electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW for short). Method Suspension quantitation germicidal test was used to measure germicidal efficacy of EOW to vegetative form of bacteria ,spores of bacteria and HBsAg. The factors were observed expereimentally that ORP and available chlorine of EOW were influenced by temperature,vessel and ultraviolet radiation. Result Electrolyzed oxidizing water used in the experiment had redox potential(ORP) of 1 153~1 165mv,PH value of 2.21~2.27 and available chlorine of 50.27~58.23mg/L ,The suspension quantitation germicidal test indicated that at 19~21℃,the killing rate of spores of Bacillus subtilis var.niger exposed to EOW stock solution for 30 min and 60 min attained 99.93% and 100.00% respectively,and that the killing rate of Escherichia and Staphylococcus aureus exposed to the same solution for 0.25 min and 0.5min attained 99.99%. The same solution with 0.5 min contact time could fully destroy the antigenicity of HBsAg in suspension containing 0.5% calf serum. The ORP and available chlorine of EOW were influenced by temperature,vessel and ultraviolet radiation in different degree. Conclusion Electrolyzed oxidizing water will have nicer germicidal efficacy if its method used is appropriate ,and the applied foreground is far-ranging in the field of disinfection .


PURPOSE: To produce a smooth and seamless cartridge of a true circular cylindrical shape which is uniform over the entire length by spirally winding a membrane assembly on the circumference of a central osmosis pipe, providing its ends with circular retainers and encasing the circumference of this retainer with a pouring shell of a polymer material. CONSTITUTION: The two opposite square sheets of a semipermeable membrane material are disposed around a central collection pipe 15 so as to hold the sheet of an osmosis passage material in-between and are spirally wound around the same. The ends adhered to the central collection pipe 15 are provided with the two circular retainers and are wound up with tapes extending onto the inner end portions at the circular retainer edges. The assembly spirally assembled in the manner described above is installed in an injection molded cylindrical hole 45 and the thermosetting polymer resin consisting of two chemical components is injected. The cartridge which is an integral cylindrical casing of the hard and smooth polymer mechanically bonded and coupled at both ends to the two circular retainer and has an integral outer structure is then obtained.


Concern for the environment, especially the pile of plastic waste, is an issue that needs attention, especially for designers and the communities. How can both of them contribute to environmental care through the application of sustainable design into existing facilities in the community? The focus of this paper is how the implementation of thermoplastics recycled materials (HDPE) for furniture in the painting community can be an inspiration and educational value for the painting community's action in sustainability. The paper will be discussed the design process of design inspiration with the implementation of thermoplastics (HDPE) as a recycled material that can be an inspiration for the painting community and analyze the application of thermoplastics (HDPE) as recycled materials in the design process carried out. The research was conducted in descriptive qualitative research consists of literature review on sustainable design, thermoplastics (HDPE), recycled materials, and painting community activity and by doing some observation on related design implementation and how the design process could extend the series of furniture for painting community. The results of this paper are how the furniture design can be used by the painting community as an inspiration and educational action for sustainability. The resulting design is expected to be an inspiration and educational value for other communities and society on how thermoplastics (HDPE) as recycled materials from waste products can be implemented for sustainable living.


Mr. L. M. Underwood sends soniie fine specimens of Scolopendrum vulgcure, collected at Green Pond, Onondaga Co., N. Y. In a letter from M1r. Tllos. Meelian lhe mentions that Acantho8perrmum uanthoides is makingr itself at hoiiie in miiany paits of the Southern States. Mr. N. Colemiiain writes as follows: "I liave found Eulpatorium pevifoliatum with pink florets this fall, and one plaut of Plaat(ao laneeol(tba without stanieiis. But the most singular find of tlle season has been Plantago lazeeolata with branching spikes. I came across several that lhad two or threce or iliore spikes at base of thle niain spike. Froiii the forni of the latter I could not see any possible insect agency in the case."


This book examines the airline industry since September 11, 2001. It argues that aviation safety in the U.S. has been compromised for the sake of profit seeking. It also draws parallels between the current state of commercial aviation and the financial industry prior to the 2008 financial crisis. Issues such as lack of government regulation, inadequate risk management, and over-reliance on airline employees are discussed.


A novel configuration of tunable single\|longitudinal and single\|polarization erbium\|doped fiber laser is presented, while two stages of quasi\|collinear acoustooptical tunable filters(AOTFs) are used as the tuning elements. An unpumped Er3+\|doped fiber(low dopant) is used to narrow the linewidth and eliminate mode hopping. The theoretical calculation shows the output power is 5.5 mW and the linewidth can reach 10-4 nm level when the pump power is at 100 mW. All these data are significant for the oncoming experimental study.


Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)–graphite nanosheet (GNS) nanocomposites with different contents of GNSs were prepared by the solution-casting method. The GNSs were produced by the ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite. The effects of GNSs on the crystalline structure, degree of the crystallization, conductivity, and phase-transformation mechanism of PVDF were investigated. Atomic force microscopy data showed that the GNSs had a flake-shaped nanostructure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results revealed that a β phase formed with the addition of GNSs, and the phase-transformation mechanism from the α phase to the β phase of PVDF was confirmed. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that addition of GNSs led to an increased melting temperature and increased degree of crystallization; this implied that the GNSs acted as nucleating agents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


Session TA5 includes short reports concerning: (1) Psychological Issues During Long-Duration International Space Missions; (2) Psychosocial Issues in Crew Selection: Finding the Right Mix of the Right Stuff; (3) Culture, Gender and Mission Accomplishment: Operational Experience; (4) Interpersonal Tension in Multicultural Crews; (5) Personality and Coping in Extreme Environments; and (6) Application of Expedition and Polar Work Group Findings for Enhancing Performance in Space.


Human autoimmune inflammatory diseases are usually characterized by a chronic course. Antigen-induced experimental animal models for these diseases, on the other hand, typically present an acute or sub-acute course and after spontaneous recovery the animal may become resistant to reinduction of the disease. One explanation for this course of events may be that the antigen that induces the disease has a dual effect; on one hand it may serve as the target for the pathogenic immune attack whereas on the other it may lead to the development of protective immune mechanisms. Deficiency in these protective immune pathways may lead to the development of chronic autoimmune diseases. In the editorial below we will address this phenomenon by describing an example of one such antigen, HSP60 that has been shown to have a dual role in immune-mediated disorders, being involved in the induction and propagation of autoimmune diseases as well as in suppressing them [1].

HSP60 is a highly conserved protein, which was initially characterized as a mitochondrial chaperone. Upon exposure to stress or immune activation, HSP60 is also found in the cytosol, cell surface, extracellular space and biological fluids. HSP60 activates innate and adaptive immune responses, and can function as an endogenous danger signal to the immune system. It binds to cell surface receptors, including CD14 and members of the TLR family [reviewed by 1].

Overexpression of HSP60 has been described in tissues of various inflammatory diseases suggesting a possible pathogenic role of this antigen in their pathogenesis. Increased expression of human HSP60 is observed in intestinal ulcer of Behcet's Disease (BD) [2], in inflamed bowel of Crohn's disease patients, in muscle tissue of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients, and in synovial fluid and synovial tissue of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients [3]. HSP60 is also overexpressed in inflamed lesions of atopic dermatitis where it is co-localized with CD3 positive cells [4].

Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) taken from patients with various inflammatory diseases can be activated by HSP60. For instance, HSP60 induces IFNγ secretion from atopic dermatitis patients' PBMCs [4] and PBMCs of patients with BD, stimulated with various epitopes of HSP60, resulted in excess amounts of Th1 cytokine production [2].

Several supporting evidence for the pathogenicity of HSP60 have also been reported in experimental animal models of inflammatory diseases. HSP60 is upregulated in animal model of glomerulonephritis (NTN) as shown by increased HSP60 secretion in the urine and into the extracellular space of the diseased kidney. In addition, administration of HSP60 aggravates the disease in the NTN model and in experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice [5, 6].

Contrary to its role as a target for pathogenic autoimmune inflammatory processes, HSP60 has been shown to activate immunoregulatory pathways that may lead to suppression of these diseases. The finding that immunization with whole MT HSP60 prior to induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) leads to protection against the disease attributed many experiments aimed at revealing the mechanism of this phenomenon, using mammalian and MT whole protein or synthetic peptides of the proteins. HSP60 based treatment ameliorated or suppressed several animal models of inflammatory diseases such as AA, collagen induced arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Preventive as well as therapeutic HSP60 peptide treatment included various regimens, modes of administration and adjuvants and resulted in suppression of inflammatory cytokines, elevation of Th2 cytokines, and induction of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) [3].

Interestingly, the presence of antibodies against peptide 6, a specific peptide derived from MT-HSP60, generated resistance to the induction of AA. We have recently shown that Prozumab, a humanized mAb targeting HSP60, is effective in ameliorating animal models of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as RA and IBD. In vitro studies performed on human PBMCs were also indicative of an anti-inflammatory effect of Prozumab: Treatment of naive PBMCs resulted in suppression of anti CD3-induced INFγ and IL-6 secretion [7].

Immune reactivity against HSP60 has been found to have a disease suppressing effect in human autoimmune inflammatory diseases as well. The presence of self-HSP60-specific T cell responses in JIA patients correlates with a benign disease course. Self-HSP-specific T cell responses have also been reported to be immunoregulatory in various other autoimmune diseases, such as RA and JDM, by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and TGF-β [3]. A phase 2 clinical trial testing the effect of Diapep277 (a human HSP60 derived peptide) in type 1 diabetes, has shown promising results. A phase 3 trial is currently ongoing [1, 3].

In summary HSP60 has been identified as a target for both pathogenic as well as protective immune mechanisms in many experimental and human inflammatory diseases. The upregulation of this protein at the sites of inflammation on one hand and its ability to skew the immune system towards suppression of disease on the other hand may explain the spontaneous remission of many experimental models of these inflammatory diseases. Understanding the putative mechanisms of disease suppression in animal models may lead to novel immunotherapeutic approaches to human autoimmune inflammatory diseases.


Ohmic contacts fabricated by regrowth of n+ GaN are favorable alternatives to metal-stack-based alloyed contacts in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors. In this paper, the influence of reactive ion dry etching prior to regrowth on the contact resistance in AlGaN/GaN devices is discussed. We demonstrate that the dry etch conditions modify the surface band bending, dangling bond density, and the sidewall depletion width, which influences the contact resistance of regrown contacts. The impact of chemical surface treatments performed prior to regrowth is also investigated. The sensitivity of the contact resistance to the surface treatments is found to depend upon the dangling bond density of the sidewall facets exposed after dry etching. A theoretical model has been developed in order to explain the observed trends.


This study has as its main purpose to present a analysis of the novel O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis, by José Saramago, in its relations with Portuguese History, specially during the period of sedimentation of the salazarist regime. This novel, with its intricate language, is an essay on the portuguese society of the decade of 1930 by someone who not only lived in this particular time but also wrote after its decline, being thus able to offer insights into the comprehension of both the rise and fall of the portuguese dictatorship under the lens of Literature, which, by imitating the world, rewrites and gives a whole new meaning to it.


The increased latency and power consumption due to data movement between memory and ALU have become the major obstacle in modern big-data and machine learning applications. Beyond von-Neumann architectures, particularly in-memory computing, is under intensive research to overcome this memory access bottleneck. In this work, we propose a 2T2R ReRAM structure that supports ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), logic in-memory operations, and in-memory dot product for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) besides the normal non-volatile memory (NVM) functionality. This is achieved by employing reconfigurable sense amplifiers and novel word-line drivers. The proposed architecture can serve as a high-density storage system as well as an accelerator for data-intensive applications. Simulation results verify that the proposed 2T2R structure functions correctly for TCAM search, logic in-memory operations and in-memory dot product.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the self-management behavior of patients with advanced schistosomiasis, so as to provide the evidence for improving clinical nursing.

METHODS
A total of 18 patients with advanced schistosomiasis were interviewed in depth by using a semi structured interview method. The results were analyzed with Miles and Huberman content analysis method.

RESULTS
Most of the patients with advanced schistosomiasis had self-management control behavior and were cooperated with medical assistance because of their seriously illness. Based on data analysis, the symptom management, follow-up management, a healthy lifestyle, medication awareness, and emotional management were obtained.

CONCLUSION
The patients with advanced schistosomiasis have self management control behavior. Health care workers should promote the patients, their families and social people to participate in the self-management behavior of advanced schistosomiasis patients.


This systematic literature review aimed to investigate how healthcare organizations' innovative processes of digital service design with stakeholders can be described by self-organization and emergence of complex adaptive system theory. The data of the publications was collected using a systematic research literature review method and analyzed with theory-based content analysis. The total of selected articles was 21. The reliability was strengthened through searching other references identified in the articles. The overlaps in literature of innovativeness and innovations, digital service design, and complex adaptive system theory showed their concordant characteristics. The innovative process of digital service design was described by theories and concepts related to complex adaptive system theory and other complexity approaches with an emphasis on user-centeredness. Stakeholder interaction is needed to achieve identifying barriers and benefits of success, and effective progress of an efficient innovation process.


Thank you very much for downloading macro economic performance and policy framework in the saarc countries a review. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this macro economic performance and policy framework in the saarc countries a review, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


Bacterial vaccines, the bacterins are of both prophylactic and therapeutic potential s .Autogenous bacterins ,however, are of profound importance in certain clinical settings like complicated urinary tract infections. The aim of the present work was at development, cellular immune features and immune interference of combined E.coli and P,aeruginosa in rabbits. Single E.coli and single P. aeruginosa as well as balanced [1xE-1xP,2xE-2x P strength], and unbalanced [1xE-2xP, 2xE-1xP strength] heat killed bacterin combinations were prepared, developed and evaluated on laboratory scale. The developmental features were found; pure, safe, antigenic and immunogenic. These combined bacterins induced an increase in mitotic index of bone marrow cells, significant leukocyte inhibitory factors, increased spleen body index. Balanced one x and two x combined bacterins induced higher IL10 mean values than normal. 2x strength bacterin combinations initiate higher IL2 concentration mean values than single bacterin and control. Both of the unbalanced bacterin combinations were rising up the TNF alpha concentration means than that of single bacterin and control. In practical sense, the immune interference in rabbits primed with the study bacterin combination lead to, either of three results as; one damp the other, one enhance the other and one doesn't affect the other. The immune interference appeared in the form of; one enhance the other like that of IL2 and IL10 cytokine responses. The present findings are being novel in cases of Pseudomonas lung and urinary tract infections as potential experimental therapeutic bacterin. As well as they may be of help in cases of cancer immunotherapy in man and laboratory animals.


Drought stress is the major factor limiting the agricultural production in Iran and decreasing the efficiency of utilization of arid regions. Drought stress is one of the general stresses with adverse effects on the growth and production of crops. In order to investigate of irrigation regimes of spring safflower cultivars and studying agronomical traits, an experiment was conducted. In the crop growing seasons 2009, under the semiarid climatic conditions of the Karaj, Iran. Irrigation factor in two levels (irrigation and non- irrigation conditions) in main plots and 12 cultivars as (Syrian, PI-537598,Gila, Lesaf, Dinger, 697, Cw-4440, PI-250536, Hartman, Kino-76, LRV-51-51, S541) as subplots arranged in a RCBD base split plot in three replicates. In plots that were under drought stress (stress from the end stages of forming stem growth) do not have any irrigation. Results of analysis of variance showed that the genotype effect of simple traits, days to flowering and growing period (P<0.01) and oil yield is significant (P<0.05). Highest grain yield in irrigated conditions to variety of S541 (3845 kg ha-1) and in conditions without irrigation have variety of PI 250536(463.7 kg ha-1).


Microbiological indicators of contamination of the water sources. The growth of the population on a global scale has increased the levels of contamination. This contamination is related to the spilt one of water of waste of domestic and industrial origin to the water bodies. In case of the residues of domestic origin, the load pollutant is represented by high percentages of organic matter and microorganisms of fecal origin. The control of the microbiological quality of the water of consumption and of waste, needs from analysis directed to determining the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, the agents involved in the water transmission are the bacteria, virus and protozoan, they can cause illnesses at different levels of gravity, from a simple gastroenteritis up to fatal cases of diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis or fever typhoid. The diagnosis of these microorganisms, it needs specializing laboratories and represents several days of analysis and high costs. As alternative to these disadvantages, the use of microbial indicators has been proposed that could identify by means of the use of simple, rapid and economic methods. The diagnosis and later recovery of the natural sources of water contaminated, it must do also, bearing in mind the implications that in terms of ecological and sanitary the degradation of the resource represents. In this sense, the perifitic microalga is constituted as good indicators of the state trophic of the ecosystems and answers to the disturbances happened modifying his structure as for composition and plenty refers. This work does a review of the principal bioindicators of contamination and his meaning in the evaluation of the quality of the water.


The critical field for surface superconductivity, ${H}_{c3}$, and the upper bulk critical field, ${H}_{c2}$, have been measured as a function of temperature and mean free path for Nb and Nb(Ta) alloys in an attempt to study the spatial variations of the superconducting interaction constant $N (0) V$ near a vacuum-metal interface. At temperatures below $\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}=0.85$ the pure-Nb sample shows $\frac{{H}_{c3}}{{H}_{c2}}$ values well above 1.695, as predicted by Hu and Korenman for the limit of long electronic mean free path. As the mean free path decreases, there is a regular depression of $\frac{{H}_{c3}}{{H}_{c2}}$ toward 1.695. At temperatures above $\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}=0.85$, however, there are striking deviations from the theory which may arise because the interaction constant is slightly depressed at the surface. A model calculation by Hu shows that changes in $N (0) V$ at the surface of 0.7% for pure Nb and 1.6% for Nb-1.0-at.%. Ta can account for the for the experimental results.


A method based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Linear trap quadrupole(LTQ)-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was developed for the identification of the bufadienolides and its metabolites in rat plasma.The rat plasmas were collected after oral administration of lactones from ChanSu extract(50 mg/kg).The plasma samples were precipitated by acetonitrile and concentrated,and then analyzed by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS.24 bufadienolides and the 20 metabolites were identified according to their elution orders in C18 column,exact molecular weight and MS/MS fragmentation provided by high-resolution MS/MS.5 standards of bufadienolides were used for corroboration.The method is fast,sensitive and suitable to identify trace bufadienolides and its metabolites in plasma.


Soft magnetic alloys Fe95Nd5 and Fe89.5Nd10.5 were made by the mechanically ball milling to investigate the influence of Nd doping on the magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets. The coercivity was enhanced with increasing Nd of the pre-alloyed Nd-Fe soft powders. The further discussions on Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite were also carried out through directly mixing the pure Nd as the interface improving agent. Compared with Nd-Fe pre-alloys, the direct addition of Nd was more favorable to reinforce the coercivity of nanocomposite magnets and the squareness of demagnetization curve, thereby increasing the maximum magnetic energy product.


Respir Crit Care Med 2016;194:147–155. 4. Marshall JC. The PIRO (predisposition, insult, response, organ dysfunction) model: toward a staging system for acute illness. Virulence 2014;5:27–35. 5. Maslove DM, Wong HR. Gene expression profiling in sepsis: timing, tissue, and translational considerations. Trends Mol Med 2014;20:204–213. 6. Burnham KL, Davenport EE, Radhakrishnan J, Humburg P, Gordon AC, Hutton P, Svoren-Jabalera E, Garrard C, Hill AVS, Hinds CJ, et al. Shared and distinct aspects of the sepsis transcriptomic response to fecal peritonitis and pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;196:328–339. 7. Davenport EE, Burnham KL, Radhakrishnan J, Humburg P, Hutton P, Mills TC, Rautanen A, Gordon AC, Garrard C, Hill AV, et al. Genomic landscape of the individual host response and outcomes in sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2016;4:259–271. 8. Wong HR, Cvijanovich N, Lin R, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Willson DF, Freishtat RJ, Anas N, Meyer K, Checchia PA, et al. Identification of pediatric septic shock subclasses based on genome-wide expression profiling. BMC Med 2009;7:34. 9. Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald J, Checchia PA, Meyer K, et al. Developing a clinically feasible personalized medicine approach to pediatric septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;191:309–315. 10. Fan C, Oh DS, Wessels L, Weigelt B, Nuyten DS, Nobel AB, van't Veer LJ, Perou CM. Concordance among gene-expression-based predictors for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:560–569. 11. Sotiriou C, Pusztai L. Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:790–800. 12. Knox DB, Lanspa MJ, Kuttler KG, Brewer SC, Brown SM. Phenotypic clusters within sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2015;41:814–822. 13. Calfee CS, Delucchi K, Parsons PE, Thompson BT, Ware LB, Matthay MA; NHLBI ARDS Network. Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med 2014;2:611–620. 14. Sweeney TE, Shidham A, Wong HR, Khatri P. A comprehensive time-course-based multicohort analysis of sepsis and sterile inflammation reveals a robust diagnostic gene set. Sci Transl Med 2015;7:287ra71. 15. Sweeney TE, Wong HR, Khatri P. Robust classification of bacterial and viral infections via integrated host gene expression diagnostics. Sci Transl Med 2016;8:346ra91.


ion, ethnographic work should ground them (Wedeen 2010, 257). In order to do this, Wedeen argues we need to balance ethnographic empirical examples with theoretically motivated discussion (Wedeen 2010, 268). In this way, such methods in political science can "unsettle taken-for-granted assumptions and provide us with a new language for tackling perennial issues" (Wedeen 2010, 268). Overall, using the case study method in this research is fruitful in gaining in-depth information regarding the lived experiences of H-2A and H-2B guestworkers. It provides


Rehabilitation of the patient's social environment is being developed internationally as the best way to meet the needs of a large number of people with disabilities. The goal of rehabilitation in the patient's social environment is to combine the medical and social models of disability.


In-plane ultrahigh-density InAs quantum dots (QDs) were grown on GaAsSb/GaAs for solar cell applications. Photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied by time-resolved µ-PL system with a piezo mapping stage. PL properties revealed a type-II transition between electrons in QDs and holes in GaAsSb valence band. At 100 K, the PL mapping image based on QDs showed the dark regions due to crystal defects having a broad PL band. At 15 K, PL mapping images based on ground and excited states of QDs showed areal complementarity, which was probably due to inhomogeneous of GaAsSb buffer layer.


The problem of the control systems caused by the turn of the millenium was realized early, solved and handled under maintenance of quality assurance requirements. At the time around the date change the amount of stand-by will be increased. A VGB working group is responsible for a data bank that is accessible via Internet and provides unimpeded information flow.


Airborne radar uses medium pulse repetition frequency (MPRF) waveform to detect or track air-to-air targets in clutter environments. The tracking mode can determine the exact position and velocity of the target from the tracking filter. However, if the target signals overlap the clutter signals on the R-D (Range-Doppler) map or if the eclipse occurs, accurate tracking becomes difficult. So, we should choose a track waveform that solves these problems. In this paper, we propose a method to design MPRF to track a detected target. In the proposed method, we define an allowable zone to avoid the ground clutters and eclipses in R-D map, and select the most optimal PRF among the appropriate PRF candidates.


ABSTRACT A series of eight new structurally related unsymmetrical diglycolamides (UDGA) were designed and compared based on REEs extraction and phase compatibility at high acidic media concentration. The structure–reactivity relationship with extraction of REEs was studied in HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 solutions. A symmetrical diglycolamide (DGA), N,N,N',N'-tetradodecyldiglycolamide (TD2DGA), was synthesized for purpose of comparison. The influence of HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 concentrations on the distribution ratios of the studied metal ions was investigated. In all systems, the mutual separation of the investigated REEs as well as from Fe(III), Ni(II), and Co(II) was achieved in the whole range of acidic solutions used by N,N′‐diisobutyl‐N,N′‐didodecyldiglycolamide (DiBD2DGA). A systematic investigation of the extraction of La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), and Dy(III) was carried out with DiBD2DGA from hydrochloric acid media. The stoichiometry of the extracted REEs-UDGA complex was determined by the slope analysis method and complexation was found to be exothermic. The FT-IR spectra of these extracted species were studied. The back extraction of La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), and Dy(III) was carried out.


$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ "" TABLE OF CONTENTS $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ "# LIST OF TABLES $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ #"" LIST OF FIGURES$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ % LIST OF NOMENCLATURE $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%""" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ %# DEDICATION $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%#"" 1.0 INTRODUCTION $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$& 1.1 Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Technology$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$& 1.2 Current Practices of Wastewater Management in Developing Countries$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$' 1.3 Sanitation in Cambodia $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$( 1.4 Reuse Potential $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$) 1.5 Research Objectives $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&* 1.6 Outline of Thesis $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&& 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND BACKGROUND STUDIES $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&+ 2.1 Constructed Wetland in Developing Countries $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&+ 2.2 Types of Constructed Wetland$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&, 2.2.1 Free water surface (FWS) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&, 2.2.2 Subsurface (SSF) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&) 2.2.3 Previous work $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$&2.3 Capabilities and Limitations of Constructed Wetlands $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+' 2.4 Wetland Hydrology $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+, 2.5 Summary of Sizing Methods $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+2.6 Summary $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$'*


To investigate the interfacial charge-transfer phenomena between perovskite transition metal oxides LaNiO3 (LNO) and LaMnO3 (LMO), we have performed in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements on LNO/LMO multilayers. The Ni-L2,3 and Mn-L2,3 XAS spectra clearly show the occurrence of electron transfer from Mn to Ni ions in the interface region. Detailed analysis of the thickness dependence of these XAS spectra has revealed that the spatial distribution of the transferred charges across the interface is significantly different between the two constituent layers. The observed spatial distribution is presumably described by the charge spreading model that treats the transfer integral between neighboring transition metal ions and the Coulomb interaction, rather than the Thomas–Fermi screening model.


ABSTRACT The present study analyzes an integral experiment performed in the fast-neutron reactor 'YAYOI' of the University of Tokyo to validate the 129I (n,γ) cross-section. An iodine-129 sample and 15 neutron flux monitors were irradiated with fast neutrons in the Glory hole of the reactor. Capture reaction rates of 129I were obtained by measurement of gamma rays emitted through the decay of 130I, and the 15 neutron flux monitors helped validate the computed fast-neutron flux spectrum in the Glory hole. By comparing the experimental and calculated reaction rates for 129I, the present study reveals that the 129I (n,γ) cross-section of JENDL-4.0 should be reduced by 18% in the 10 keV–3 MeV energy range and supports the data by Noguere et al. below 100 keV. Graphical abstract


This research sees social media Instagram @Starbucks inndonesia as a display in attracting people to buy products. The theory used in this research is the Consumption Society theory put forward by Baudrillard. The method used is an interpretative qualitative research method with Baudrillard's post-modern approach. Data collection was carried out with literature studies and text observations on Starbucks  Indonesia Instagram social media. The results showed that our society has now become a consumptive society with the internet as a new medium for delivering messages, especially displays that attract customers' attention. With the development of new media, the activities of our society are now closely related to social media, especially Instagram, which currently has more than 61 million active users by the end of November 2019. People who follow Instagram Indonesia Instagram accounts can get the information provided and interested and want to buy products that are being offered especially in certain seasons.


A high resolution liquid level monitoring device using pulsating sensor based instrument is presented. The technique involves precise measurement of hydrostatic pressure exerted by the process liquid using a high sensitive pulsating type differential pressure sensor and correlating it to the liquid level. A digital approach has been explored to monitor the liquid level in a reservoir, sensitively up to 1 m range with an accuracy of ~1%. The measurement system resembles conventional bubbler method, but the process of bubbling is totally avoided and makes the method easy deployable. A prototype level measurement system is designed for 1 meter tank and tested for its performance.


This study explors the assistance of government institutions through technical capacity-building and financial assistance toward global expansion of Pakistani companies in different sectors. Many companies globalize their operations to enhance their export trade share in the world market. In Pakistan, Ministry of Commerce (MoC) and Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP) uphold them in various ways. This exploratory probe employs interviews from MoC and TDAP. The feedback is cross checked from globally operating/ expanding companies from top-five export sectors in Pakistan including textile, leather, rice, seafood, and wheat. The findings indicate that the role of public bodies remains limited and undermined.


Using data from the first wave of data collection in the Betula project, this research examined semantic memory performance in adulthood and old age (N = 1000). The Betula project is a 10-year longitudinal study on memory and health that involves participants from 10 age groups: 35, 40, 45, …, and 80 years of age. Results from tests of verbal fluency and vocabulary indicated no performance variation between 35 and 50 years of age, followed by a gradual deterioration with increasing age. In a test of general knowledge, only the two oldest cohorts showed deficits. When educational level was statistically controlled, a different pattern of results was seen: the middle-aged adults performed at the highest level and, with the exception of one fluency test, no age-related deficits were observed before 75 years of age. These results suggest that, although there may be age-related deficits in semantic memory in the general population, education appears to be a more important factor than adult age per se for seman...


The influence of various water soluble cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) on the hydration of calcined flue gas desulphurization gypsum was investigated. The results show that all cations but Ca2+ can accelerate the hydration of bassanite. The final crystal size is not largely influenced by different salts, except for Na+, where the giant crystal with length of >130 µm is observed. Current study clarifies the influence of different ions on the hydration of bassanite, which could provide sufficient guide for the pre-treatment of original flue gas desulphurization gypsum before actual application.


IT Is no professional secret that the spelling problem has not yet been solved. Teachers all along the line, from the elementary-school level through college, bemoan the poor spelling of their students. If there is need of objective evidence to show the seriousness of the problems by which we are confronted, we need only to examine two recent state-wide studies. Fox and Eaton, in a study of the spelling proficiency of some 82,833 pupils in Grades II through VIII in the city schools of Indiana, found that


A new airborne instrument based on pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy for simultaneous detection of N2O5, NO3, NO2 and O3 in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere is being developed for global atmospheric monitoring.


Introduction Feature miniaturization, especially in the electronics industry, demands knowledge of mechanical properties on the scale of nanometers. Instrumented indentation facilitates such testing, because the area of the contact impression does not have to be measured visually, but can be inferred solely from the relationship between applied force and consequential penetration of the indenter into the testing surface [1]. Instrumented indentation has been used since the 1980's to make measurements at the sub-micron scale, but recent developments allow quantitative determination of mechanical properties using indents of just a few nanometers deep. This article addresses special considerations for such testing, and reports results for seven different materials tested with the DCM II.


We present a dynamic analysis of a novel RF MEMS switch utilizing the dynamic pull-in phenomenon. We study this phenomenon and present guidelines about its mechanism. We propose to utilize this phenomenon to design a novel RF MEMS switch, which can be actu- ated by a voltage load as low as 40% of the traditionally used static pull-in voltage. The switch is actuated us- ing a combined DC and AC loading. The AC loading can be tuned by altering its amplitude and/or frequency to reach the pull-in instability with the lowest driving voltage and fastest response speed. The new actuation method can solve a major problem in the design of RF MEMS switches, which is the high deriving voltage re- quirement. In this work, we propose a novel RF MEMS switch that can be actuated by a voltage load as low as 40% of the static pull-in voltage. The new actuation method is based on the dynamic pull-in phenomenon, in which the switch is brought to pull-in by a voltage lower than the static pull-in voltage. The dynamic pull-in phenomenon has been previously reported and analyzed for switches actuated by a step voltage (2,3) and various ramping rates (2). Both studies (2,3) indicate that the dynamic Figure 1: A schematic of an electrically actuated mi- crobeam. pull-in voltage can be as low as 91% of the static pull- in voltage. In the presence of squeeze-film damping, the dynamic pull-in voltage is shown to approach the static pull-in voltage (3). Here, we propose to actuate the switch using a combined DC and AC loading. The AC loading can be tuned by altering its magnitude or frequency to reach the pull-in instability with the lowest driving voltage and fastest response speed. In (4-7), we presented a model, which predicts the static pull-in phenomenon. In (8), we utilized pertur- bation methods to predict the dynamic behavior of res- onators undergoing small motions near the equilibria. In (6,7), we developed a reduced-order model to simu- late the static and dynamic behaviors of resonators and switches undergoing small or large motions. In this pa- per, we use the reduced-order model in (6,7) to simu- late the dynamic behavior of the proposed RF MEMS switch. We utilize a shooting technique (9) and long- time integrations of the equations of motion to predict periodic motions. This approach can be applied to a wide range of loadings and initial conditions, and hence it can be used to study the 'global' dynamics of switches (unlike the model presented in (8), which is based on perturbation methods and applicable for small motions near the equilibria). We use the global approach to demonstrate the new actuation method.


This chapter covers Saint Elizabeths during the tenure of its first superintendent, Charles H. Nichols (1855–1877), including the impact of the Civil War on the composition of the patient population, the general operation of the hospital, and the overall treatment of African American patients. Although blacks were among the soldiers, sailors, and federal prisoners admitted to the hospital in its early years, the majority of African American patients were indigent civilian residents of the District. The Civil War led to emancipation in the District and the influx of contrabands—black refugees and fugitive slaves—into the city, making it difficult for hospital officials to employ a strict residency requirement for admission. The chapter also explores the ways in which racial discrimination characterized the hospital's therapeutic regime. It further reveals how African American patients and their families sought to shape their own experiences in the hospital.


: This paper makes analysis and comparison of the recovery effects between horizontal wells and vertical wells in volcanic reservoir using modern reservoir engineering and numerical simulation techniques, based on geological characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in Shixi oilfield, Junggar basin. And the feasibility by using horizontal well for development of such an oilfield has been demonstrated. In addition, the study presents geologic design, productivity analysis and reasonable productivity by horizontal well process. The comparison of field performance data showed that horizontal well is well suitable for development of natural fractured volcanic reservoirs with deep, low permeability, block and bottom water as well as abnormal high pressure and determination of horizontal well productivity is accepted to be reliable and feasible in methodology.


This article begins by explaining the concept of distributed neural networks. It then goes on to present a program library designed to support the development of such networks. In this context, distributed neural networks are seen as supernetworks comprising a number of subnetworks that can communicate with one another. Such supernetworks are intended to facilitate the modeling of complex and heterogeneous realities. Each subnetwork is trained independently of the others, according to the learning algorithm or algorithms that govern it. Once trained, the subnetworks are interconnected in such a way as to circulate information through the network as a whole. The distributed network library is an application of research in this area. It allows for the creation of distributed networks, the individual training of subnetworks, and communication between subnetworks. The library's interface makes it as much a tool for research as it is a program for neural network development for the uninitiated.<<ETX>>


Abstract This research aims to analyze the contestational process between organic and non-organic agricultural knowledge in the agricultural practices in Bonto Lebang, North Galesong, Takalar regency. This was a qualitative study exploring descriptive data in oral, written and attitudinal forms obtained from farmers and other parties concerned as an agent of sustainable agriculture in Bonto Lebang, Takalar regency. It was a case study focused on hermeneutics. The data used in conducting this research were primary and secondary data. The results of this research show that the contestation between organic and nonorganic agricultural knowledge of seeds-providing, fertilizing or land-managing was given responses from each local of subsystems such as household, government, local communities, and marketing. For the people in Bonto Lebang village Takalar regency in particular, knowledge of organic agriculture was in fact a deconstructed agricultural knowledge resulting from field experiences and some informations from the agricultural consultants that got improved from self-practices. Meanwhile, agricultural parts that mainly changed were the important parts namely maintenance using the vegetable pestiside and fertilization using the organic fertilizer. The novelty of this research is the ontology focused on knowledge or skills in organic agriculture as a social reality by assuming that behind any knowledge and skills there existed a power and authority to transform the knowledge into a social practice and then it gradually turned into social reality.


Oligodendrogenesis in the human central nervous system has been mainly observed at the second trimester of gestation, a much later developmental stage compared to mouse. Here we characterize the transcriptomic neural diversity in the human forebrain at post conceptual weeks (PCW) 8 to 10, using single-cell RNA-Seq. We find evidence of the emergence of a first wave of oligodendrocyte lineage cells as early as PCW 8, which we also confirm at the epigenomic level with single-cell ATAC-Seq. Using regulatory network inference, we predict key transcriptional events leading to the specification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Moreover, by profiling the spatial expression of fifty key genes using In Situ Sequencing (ISS), we identify regions in the human ventral fetal forebrain where oligodendrogenesis first occurs. Our results indicate evolutionary conservation of the first wave of oligodendrogenesis between mouse and human and describe regulatory mechanisms required for human OPC specification.


Objective To investigate the change of turbulence timing(TT)and its correlation with traditional prognostic indices of HRT in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Ninety-seven patients with AMI for 3-4 weeks(AMI group)and 65 healthy controls(control group)were chosen.Heart rate turbulence including TT,turbulence onset(TO)and turbulence slope(TS),heart rate variability(HRV),mean heart rate and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were determined by 24 h ambulatory electrocardiograph(Holter)and ultrasonic cardiogram(UCG).Patients with AMI were divided into two subgroups according to Killip classification and the complication of ventricular arrhythmia,respectively.The value of above indices were compared between AMI group and control group,and between subgroups of AMI.The correlation of HRT with traditional prognostic indexes was analyzed.Results The levels of TT and TO in the patients with AMI were significantly higher than those of the controls,and TS were lower than those of the controls(P0.05).Patients in Killip classⅡ-Ⅳ had significantly lower TS than those in classⅠ(P0.05),and patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia had higher TT(P=0.001)and lower TS(P0.05)than those without malignant ventricular arrhythmia.Both TO and TS were significantly correlated with age.TS was negatively correlated with mean heart rate(P0.05),and TO was negatively correlated with TS(P=0.002).But TO,TS and TT were not corrected with SDNN and LVEF,and TT was not corrected with all the other risk predictors(P0.05).Conclusion The results indicate that TT may be a more objective index for predicting myocardial infarction than TO and TS.HRT could serve as a new and strong predictor for high-risk patients independent on SDNN and LVEF.


The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx) has expanded its scope from product certification to include the certification of individuals working in or with hazardous location industries.


The ongoing growth of electricity consumption, along with decarbonization policies adopted worldwide, implies a steeper rate regarding the use of such renewable and clean energy sources. The proper evaluation of wind potential is of utmost importance for developing a wind farm project, as it allows the identification of the optimum site for wind turbine installation and the type of wind turbine to be installed in that specific site. This paper aims to evaluate the wind potential in a particular site from the north side of Romania's Moldova region, measuring the wind speeds at various altitudes using the cutting-edge technology of Laser Imaging, Detection, and Ranging (LIDAR). Measurements were conducted at multiple heights, over an entire year, with data being processed and analyzed. The wind speed was evaluated, along with the duration for each recorded speed, and wind direction. Thus, the wind potential in the considered area was evaluated.


A simple modification, combined with computational optics, can boost the resolving power of standard microscopes by more than an order of magnitude—and open up new applications in both the lab and the clinic.


by "the rigid boundaries erected by the farming community" and "the corrosive influence of the land" (36-37). Once again, I do not find the unremitting determinism in these texts that Budhos seems to, but I am struck by her perception that: "In every instance, Lessing points to a direct connection between the illusion of possibilities (expanses) and the actual limitations (enclosure) placed upon community and women" (43).


A metamaterial based on the design of Shin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 093903 (2009)] that allows independent control of its permeability and permittivity has been fabricated and experimentally characterised. It is comprised of an array of metallic cubic-shaped elements with faces that are connected only through six orthogonal spokes emanating from the centre. The permeability is tailored through appropriate patterning of the faces, thereby controlling the propagation of eddy currents around the cubic elements while permittivity may be controlled by the thickness and dielectric constant of the inter-cube spacers.


The paper looks critically at the notion of 'digital literacy'. Literacy is not a static notion. Literacy requirements change across time and places. Nowadays ICTs have introduced radical changes in the way of producing and disseminating texts. However, they did not change the conceptual nature of the literacy process. The relationship between elementary school and the introduction of new technologies is explored, leading to the conclusion that it is too risky to bent on computers only to improve literacy results. Even in the most developed countries they are underused. Suggestion is made on the particular role that librarians can play to make a more effective use of ICTs in educational contexts, as librarians have already adopted these technologies as a common and effective tool while teachers are reluctant to use them.


This model will define the design of the automated timetable generation program. It contains explicit data about the normal info and yield and the modules. The communication between the modules to meet the necessities we need is delineated. We can prepare the list of food for dinner, lunch or breakfast and keep sharing with the friends. We can suggest our friends and family to taste the food in a certain restaurant. Also while sharing the food we can tag the food with various tag lines such as #easytocook #fastfood etc. This app is very useful to plan your food timings, a healthy diet can be maintained to lead a happy life. This model shows the images of the food and also gives a brief description of restaurant whether it is a suitable place for the person's status.


Objective:To explore the difficulties and treatment for open floating knee injuries.Methods:Forty-one patients with open floating knee injuries were treated by operation including 29 males and 12 females with an average age of 34 years ranging from 17 to 64 years.The patients were divided into 3 types:the diaphyseal fracture type in 15 cases,the condylar fracture type in 8 cases and the diaphyseal-condylar mixed type in 18 cases.Fixation in the diaphyseal fracture was intramedullary,in the condylar fracture was plate.Open wound of 55 parts was according to Gustilo classification,8 in grade Ⅰ,18 in grade Ⅱ,29 in grade Ⅲ(included ⅢA in 15,ⅢB in 9,ⅢC in 5).After debrided thoroughly according to injury classification,the soft tissue were repaired with primary suture,a split skin-graft,cutaneous flaps,muscle flaps or muscular cutaneous flaps.Results:Primary amputation was procedured in 8 patients.The others treated by bone fixation were followed-up for 12 to 36 months with an average 21.5 months.Local complications included 5 deep infection,7 delay union or non-union,6 deformity and 5 knee joint ankylosis.The healing times of the tibia ranged in from 3 to 18.5 months at an average 6.5 months,the femur ranged in from 3 to 15 months at an average 5 months.The efficacy of treatment was scored by Karlstrom and Olerud's criteria,functional evaluation showed that 9 cases had an excellent result,16 good,7 fair and 1 poor.Conclusion:Early debridement thoroughly,satisfactory bone fixation,reconstruction for soft tissue individually and early mobilization of the knee are tile key to increases the effects of management for open floating knee injuries.


Abstract Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have undergone a state change. The discipline can now differentiate activities of science and engineering from the more narrow focus of just systems . There has also been a paradigm shift towards geocomputation as an appropriate approach towards both scientific investigation and building engineering solutions. This paper discusses these issues and goes on to identify three areas at the current forefront of GIS: spatial data mining, computational modelling of spatial processes and location-based services. Introduction Keeping track of advances in GIS used to be easy. The 1970's and 1980's saw the implementation of new algorithms, advancements of the interfaces and the search for new and increasingly complex applications. Most of this though was in a data-poor environment that slowed GIS diffusion. Journals reporting GIS research were few and the number of conferences such as the GIS/LIS, the AutoCarto and the Spatial Data Handling series were manageable as an information flow. Now, if I go to an on-line database such as Science Direct and put in the keyword 'GIS' I get a list of over 1500 articles that are less than three years since publication. And that is just one keyword in one on-line database. As well as articles from the mainstream GIS journals such as the


In the almost 100 years since their discovery, numerous scientific breakthroughs around plasmalogens have been made, but at the same time the enigmatic phospholipid group is still keeping scientists of various disciplines on their toes. For example, biophysicists have revealed many biophysical properties of plasmalogens, but several aspects of their role in connection with other phospholipids in membrane bilayers remain cloudy. Geneticists have mostly elucidated the genetic basis of ether lipid biosynthesis but some genes involved in plasmalogen metabolism are still unknown; molecular biologists have identified new roles of plasmalogens in cellular processes but many puzzle pieces of the overall picture, particularly in complex organisms, have yet to be added; and clinicians have made major progress in diagnosing diseases involving plasmalogen deficiency but still lack suitable treatment strategies. Certainly, none of these scientific fields works independently, but an interdisciplinary approach is required to explore complex subjects like the biological role of plasmalogens. Many of the disciplines mentioned above have cooperated for the generation of the present Research Topic, which contains a balanced collection of reviews and original articles comprising a broad range of topics associated with plasmalogens, from basic science to clinical application. Due to their unique biochemical structure and the particular challenge to discriminate the vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position from double bonds of the alkyl chains of other ether lipid species, the reliable analytical determination of plasmalogens has bothered researchers for a long time (Koch et al., 2020). In their review article, Koch et al. give a comprehensive overview over the historic milestones in the analytical detection and quantification of plasmalogens. Subsequently, they highlight the progress made in recent years and demonstrate, how state-ofthe-art methodology can be utilized to gather novel information on ether lipid species, their tissue distribution and physiological functions. In addition to technical advances in plasmalogen analysis, recent research has also brought key developments in elucidating the genes and enzymes involved in the generation of these lipids. One of the last orphan enzymes to be assigned to the corresponding gene was plasmanylethanolamine desaturase, the crucial enzyme for the introduction of the vinyl ether bond, which was recently shown by three independent approaches to be encoded by the TMEM189 gene in humans (Gallego-Garcia et al., 2019; Werner et al., 2020; Wainberg et al., 2021). In the present Research Topic, Padmanabhan et al. outline the hunt for that gene and narrate, how the use of a comparatively unconventional model organism, Myxococcus xanthus, enabled the identification of this so crucial gene for OPEN ACCESS


Dalits have been encountering social, economic, cultural, educational and political oppressions right from the inception of caste system, which was roughly about 500 B.C. Designation of Dalits as defiled or polluted people by Shastras and Smrtis of Hinduism has been enshrouding Dalits with the social stigma of untouchability and has been harbouring contempt on them. These in turn have been oppressing Dalits even after untouchability had been outlawed in the Constitution of India. Oppression of Dalits takes the form of atrocities in India. Dalit consciousness derives its energy from Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's world-view and philosophy. Dalit consciousness is essentially a consciousness of revolt, revolution and change. Protest is the awareness that arises when man confronts an unjust and inhuman situation, and decides to get rid of it by way of raising his voice against it and acting to remove it. The basic ingredients of protest that naturally comes into conflict with the establishment are a consciousness regarding fundamental rights, a tendency to struggle, and a sense of independence and liberty. The paper endeavours to find how Dalits are oppressed, their consciousness is aroused and they protest in Joseph Macwan's The Stepchild. Index Terms – Dalit Literature, Dalit Consciousness, Protest, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Joseph Macwan, The Stepchild.


Replicon typing of Plasmids harbouring ESBL gene. The bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is mediated by plasmids containing ESBL genes which are horizontally transferred across species since we analyzed the plasmids harboring the resistance genes by replicon typing. For this study we screened twenty three isolates collected during the period 2009-2010 and screened by the antimicrobial susceptibility test. It was found that all the isolates showed resistance to cefoxitin, a second generation cephalosporin and twenty two isolates showed resistance to amoxyclav. One of the isolate UT1644, was taken for further analysis. The amplicon for blaCTX-M from this isolate was sequenced and found to be the blaCTX-M-15 allele. Two of the isolates were resistant to imipenem, a carbapenem antibiotic. One of the carbapenem resistant isolate P23 was further screened for the presence of metallo beta-lactamase. Subsequently, it was found to contain a metallo-beta-lactamase but it did not harbor the NDM-1 gene. Another isolate was found to be a metallo beta-lactamase as confirmed by Imipenem –EDTA test. However, the carpabenem resistance was not transferrable into E.coli JM109 indicating that it may be chromosomal. PCR were performed for the four types of ESBL genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA from the isolated plasmids. Analysis of the ESBL genotype by specific PCR showed the presence of the blaSHV allele (n = 15) followed by blaOXA (n = 7) and blaCTX-M (n = 7) in the isolates. One of the amplified product of blaSHV was sequenced and it was found to be the blaSHV-5 allele. Further, we analyzed the replicon pattern for the resistant isolates and found that plasmids containing ESBL genes from Chennai predominantly belong to IncFIC and IncFIA replicons.


The Graphcore Intelligent Processing Unit (IPU) contains an original pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) called xoroshiro128aox that is based on the xoroshiro128 LFSR. It is designed to be cheap to implement in hardware and provide a high quality of statistical randomness. In this paper, we present a rigorous assessment of the quality of our new PRNG using standard statistical test suites and compare the results with the fast contemporary PRNGs xoroshiro128+, pcg64 and philox4x32. As a baseline for the analysis, we include the widely-used Mersenne Twister PRNG. In our experiments, we show that xoroshiro128aox mitigates the known weakness in the lower order bits of xoroshiro128+ with our new AOX output function by passing the BigCrush and PractRand test suites. We extend our testing with the Gjrand test suite and a Hamming-Weight dependency test to highlight the linear weaknesses of both xoroshiro128 PRNGs, but conclude that these linearities are hard to detect, and the xoroshiro128aox PRNG otherwise provides an excellent trade off between statistical quality and hardware implementation cost.


Centrifuge modeling appears to be a useful experimental tool to study geoenvironmental problems, such as pollutant migration in subsurface systems. In this paper, the migration process of light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) in unsaturated soils and thereafter soil vapor extraction (SVE) was simulated using the geotechnical centrifuge technique. Two series of centrifuge experiments were conducted to simulate a gasoline spill from a leaking underground storage tank (UST) and the subsequent subsurface migration of the gasoline along with soil remediation techniques. When centrifuge gravity reached the desired g level, the gasoline was released from the UST. It migrated into the unsaturated soil corresponding to a prototype time equivalent to 1 year. In soil remediation tests, after the LNAPLs migration occurred for 1 year, compressed air was injected into the soil mass for periods of 2 and 4 months to extract LNAPLs into the air phase from the contaminated soil. After each centrifuge test, the soil sampl...


e14524 Background: The tumor microenvironment has been shown to affect the responsiveness of immunotherapy. Effective anti-tumor immune response requires the activation and expansion of specific antigen-reactive T cell clones. It was reported that increased T cell clonality was associated with improved response to immunotherapy. However, what type of tumor microenvironment facilitates T cell clonal expansion remained controversial. The study aims to investigate the correlation between tumor microenvironment and the clonality of the T cell repertoire in lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods: 4 lung cancer patients and 4 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples were collected for RNA sequencing and T cell receptor CDR3 sequencing. The infiltration levels of 28 immune cells were estimated based on the mRNA expression of the genetic markers. The T cell clonality was defined as 1-Peilou's evenness. Data were presented as mean± S.E.M. Results: The mean T cell clone counts in the blood samples of the 8 patients were 25676±4782 (ranging from 10259 to 45016), and the mean clonality of the TCR repertoires was 0.20±0.02 (ranging from 0.11 to 0.27). The clonality of T cells in colorectal cancer patients was similar to that of the lung cancer patients (0.22±0.02 versus 0.18±0.03, p = 0.31), showing comparable potentials of antigenic responses. The tumor infiltration of regulatory T cells, type 17 T helper cells, CD56bright natural killer cells, and natural killer cells varied greatly among patients, the coefficient of variation of those cells were 54.61%, 54.61%, 54.43%, and 55.62% respectively. In contrast, the coefficient of variation of monocytes was 23.34%, displaying a relatively even distribution among patients. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to show the correlation between T cell clonality and the infiltration level of all 28 types of immune cells. Notably, only the infiltration of type 17 T helper cells significantly associated with T cell clonality, the positive correlation gave an R square value of 0.68 (r = 0.82, 95% confidence interval of 0.04-0.98, p = 0.04). The infiltration levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, type 1 and type 2 T cells, and gamma delta T cells were not affected by T cell clonal expansion. The expression of B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and monocytes did not correlate with T cell clonal expansion. However, the abundance of neutrophils appears to positively correlate with T cell clonality (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The clonal expansion was significantly associated with the infiltration of type 17 T helper cells but not other subtypes of T cells, showing that the type 17 T helper cells are crucial to the antigenic responses in lung cancer and colorectal cancer. A neutrophil enriched tumor microenvironment may facilitate T cell clonal expansion.


Around Japan's Golden Week period (a series of national holidays held over seven days at the end of April and beginning of May) in 2003, one of the biggest stories in the Japanese media involved a ...


This live performance of Running By The Rock was filmed at the Tathra Hotel when Jeff Lang and his band were on tour launching his album Carried In Mind. This 'soundcheck session' features Danny McKenna, drums, and Grant Cummerford on bass.


Bi based superconducting precursor glasses with the compositions M x Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y , i.e. Bi-2223, (M=Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ga 3+ ) are prepared to improve the glass forming ability and to get information on glass structure. The main idea for these M 3+ ion additions comes from the presence of delafossite type compounds having the formula CuMO 2 in which two oxygen coordinated Cu + has the role of combining octahedral MO 6 units. Additions of Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 enhance the glass formation and particularly their addition of just around x=0.8 is the most effective. The behaviour of Ga 2 O 3 on glass formation in Bi-2223 is largely different from the other additives because the Ga 2 O 3 addition of up to x=2.0 is effective in the glass formation. The 57 Fe Mossbauer spectra demonstrate that Fe ions in Bi-2223 glass are present as Fe 3+ with tetrahedral coordination of oxygens. The network structure model in Bi based superconducting precursor glasses such as [BiO 6 ]-Cu-[CrO 6 ] or [BiO 6 ]-Cu-[FeO 4 ] has been proposed.


In this paper, we studied on the optimization of the output power of Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) base station considering the technical condition of base station and wireless channel condition. The optimum power of base station can be estimated based on the link budget calculation of downlink and uplink in the Mobile WiMAX communication system. We investigated the optimum output power of base station in the case of 2Tx-2Rx base station with MIMO(multiple input multiple output) technology, 2Tx-4Rx base station with improved receiver sensitivity, and 4Tx-4Rx base station with beamforming technology.


Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the clinical evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS disease, with an increased survival of infected patients. With advances in the management of patients living with HIV and AIDS, not only survival has increased but manifestations of late stage HIV infection are encountered more often including cardiovascular complications. Objectives were to determine the prevalence and characteristics of cardiac manifestations in patients with HIV infection, and to correlate the cardiac manifestations with CD4 count. Methods: 115 HIV-positive cases and 30 healthy control subjects were evaluated by detailed history and general physical examination. CD4 was done for all patients using flowcytometry using a BD FACS Count system. All patients were evaluated using M Mode and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and colour flow doppler examination. Results: Male to female ratio was1.6:1in cases. The most common symptoms were cough (54.78%), palpitations (10%), shortness of breath (52%), chest pain on exertion (18.0%) and ankle swelling (21.0%). Echocardiographic abnormalities were found in 63% of the cases compared with 6% in the controls. 18 (15.65%) patients had dilated cardiomyopathy, 17 (15%) pericardial effusion, 16 (14%) pulmonary artery hypertension, 17 (15%) mitral valve prolapses and 25 (22%) had reduced ejection fraction compared with none of controls. 54 (47%) cases had diastolic dysfunction compared with 3 (10%) controls and 40 (35%) cases had reduced fractional shortening (≤27%) compared 4 (13%) controls. Significant statistical positive correlation was not observed between low CD4 count and echocardiographic abnormalities. Pericardial effusion was seen more in patients with CD4 count below 200. Conclusions: Cardiovascular abnormalities in HIV infected patients are common and can occur without any clinical manifestation. There was no significant association between CD4 count and any cardiac manifestation.


relatively complex, non-literal exegetical methods) to the Talmud and the Zohar and beyond, rabbinic Judaism generated a library of exegetical works in Hebrew and Aramaic, Greek and Arabic. While the form subordinated individual authors to the text, it never quashed originality. New wine was simply poured into old bottles. In other words, the letters, words, and verses of the Torah became building blocks for the construction of daring edifices of new meaning. At the same time, this exegetical tradition never let up trying to fathom the overt or plain meaning of the text, namely the original intent of the author. A firm framework of faith kept the polarities of exoteric and esoteric interpretation in creative balance. A text in the midst of commentaries also attained a measure of timelessness. The format externalized a deep-seated value of rabbinic Judaism. The Torah itself was perceived as oblivious to the constraints of time. Ethical or theological factors determined the order of its laws or narratives, not the external and mechanical principle of chronology. Likewise, the format drew commentators from different centuries and cultures into dialogue. Focused on the same text, they mounted a conversation unbounded by time and place. Modernity shattered the insularity of late medieval Ashkenazic Jewry and dislodged the traditional centrality of sacred texts. Despite Mendelssohn's farsighted project to translate the Humash (the Pentateuch) and comment on its plain meaning, emancipated Jews invested little time in writing biblical commentaries. In Germany they often returned to translate Scripture afresh; Luther's translation was too Christian to be serviceable for Jews. But only Ludwig Philippson and Samson Raphael Hirsch produced widely used commentaries to the Pentateuch; the former with a nod to From Context to Text


The present paper put forward efficient content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system by extracting structural, texture and local features from images. The local features are extracted from local directional pattern (LDP). The LDP produces a steady local edge response in the presence of noise, illumination changes. The LDP coded image is converted in to a ternary pattern image based on a threshold. The structural features are derived by extracting textons on the "local directional ternary pattern (LDTP") image. The texture features are derived by constructing grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) on the derived texton image. Image retrieval results on various data base images based on various classifiers have proved the discrimination power of the proposed method over existing methods.


So, this study shows the possibility of the open plan in
primary school which are centers mainly at the open
education for childern, and it analyze the open plan.
General process is as follows.
Grasp the changes of school pattern from the educational
 concepts and that of development of teaching theory.
Search for a life image from the educational principles
 and administration system. Examine the process and
 formation for the space of open plan school according to
 that image, and analyze the combination of teaching unit.


【Objective】 The aim was to establish an efficient regeneration system for the genetic transformation of gladiolus.【Method】 The different parts(floral axis,pedicel,floral receptacle,pistil,stamen,petal) of gladiolus's inflorescence which was at 4-6-leaf stage were used as the explant and the MS medium added different ratios of density hormone 6-BA and NAA was regarded as induction,proliferation and subculture medium.The callus induction and plant regeneration of gladiolus were studied.【Result】 The result indicated that the differentiation of bisexual pistil was not obvious and the petal was not differentiated basically,but the pieces of the floral axis,the pedicel and the floral receptacle inoculated in the medium of MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+ 1 mg/L NAA could induce callus and multiple shoots directly.The proliferative effect of multiple shoots' subculture cultivated in the medium of MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA was the best.The optimum medium for rooting was composed of MS+0.1 mg/L NAA.【Conclusion】 A high frequency regeneration system could be established with gladiolus tender scape.


An electric door lock apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a motor swing member, may be mounted on a vehicle, the motor shaft is parallel to the longitudinal direction of movement of the door leaf, the longitudinal movement transmission means to the door leaf is connected to the output of the motor for the machine body is designed to be incorporated in the output of the driver with respect to the rotation or the rotation of the latter is immobilized; locking the door leaf in the closed position of the device, comprising at least one locking pin and a longitudinal sliding table, the said pin and said sliding table are fixed to the oscillating body and the door leaf; characterized in that: the motor body toward the closed position of the door leaf is at its end, has a fixing arm in a substantially parallel to the door leaf in the closed position direction side of the motor shaft protrudes, at least one locking pin is secured to the free end of the arm, so that the locking pin is fixed at a certain distance from the end portion of the motor body.


This report documents the history of the interactions between RAND Corporation logistics researchers and Air Force leaders over more than 40 years to inform decisions involving logistics planning, programming, and budgeting and to develop, maintain, and evolve an approach for improving the Air Force logistics system.


The ichthyofauna of a sandy beach on Ilha do Frade, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, was sampled monthly between May/2004 and April/2005. As many as 2,689 individuals were collected from 26 families and 45 Teleostei species, mainly juvenile forms. The Sciaenidae presented the highest number of species. The monthly collections showed that the most abundant species in number were Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758), Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Eucinostomus lefroyi (Goode, 1874), and Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875); in terms of biomass, Cyclichthys spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. rhomboidalis, E. lefroyi and L. synagris dominated. Number and biomass varied significantly (p<0.01) among months. Shannon-Wiener's Index (H') presented low monthly variation, not evidencing a seasonal tendency.


Developing cancer gene therapy constructs based on transcriptional targeting of genes to cancer cells is a new and promising modality for treatment of cancer. Introducing truncated Bid (tBid), a recently known member of the Bcl‐2 family, eradicates cancer cells efficiently. For transcriptional targeting of tBid, two dual‐specificity promoters, combining cancer specific core promoters and response modules, were designed. These two core promoter modules contained cancer specific promoters of MUC1 and Survivin genes accompanied by hypoxia‐responsive elements and estrogen responsive elements (microenvironment condition of breast cancer cells) which were employed to achieve a higher and more specific level of tBid expression in breast cancer cells. Correlation of the level of tBid expression in normal and cancer cell lines with promoter activity was measured by RT‐PCR after treatment with hypoxia and estrogen. The level of tBid expression under control of new hybrid promoters was compared with its expression under control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter as a control. Our data revealed that the level of tBid expression in breast cancer cells were nearly 11 times more than normal cells because of the cancer specific promoters, although tBid expression under control of CMV promoter was almost the same in normal and cancer cell lines. Increased apoptosis was detected in the transfected breast cancer cell lines by the Caspase‐3 activity assay. The application of these promoters may prove to have the advantage of tumor selective gene therapy in breast cancer cells and low‐potential toxicity for normal tissues. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010


The development of research competency among non-academic personnel in higher education institutions is a crucial endeavor that aligns with the evolving demands of the 21st-century workforce. This study employs a comprehensive research and development approach to create an advanced model for enhancing research competencies encompassing knowledge, skill, and attitude. The model's design is informed by meticulous need analysis, ensuring its relevance to the unique challenges faced by non-academic staff. Through expert evaluation, the model's efficacy is demonstrated in improving research-related capacities. The evaluation results underscore its robustness across various dimensions, with significant improvements observed in participants' research competencies. This study highlights the interconnectedness of knowledge, skill, and attitude in fostering research competency and supports the broader view that tailored interventions, derived from thorough need analysis, play a pivotal role in driving meaningful and sustainable improvements in research-related skills and capabilities. Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on non-academic staff empowerment and the advancement of higher education institutions in an increasingly research-focused landscape.


An efficient adaptive list decoder for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes by adaptively adjusting the list size is presented. Simulations show that it performs better than the Koetter-Vardy decoder (KVD) for small list sizes, with only a marginal increase in complexity. For larger list sizes, we propose an iterative decoder which, when applied to a parallel concatenated RS code, performs significantly better than the KVD, applied to an RS code of the same rate.


Nerolin bromelia in yield of 86% was synthesized from β-naphthol and ethyl alcohol using HClO4/SiO2 as catalyst.The structures was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR.