Epidemiological studies have indicated strong associations between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increased incidence of hypertension and cardiac disease. Our animal model where an IUGR is induced by a 10w sodium diet given ta females rats for the last week 0f gestation supports this contention. lndeed, the rats born from this unfavorable fetal environment (UFE) have a raised biood pressure. In this model, the females at the adulthood show a cardiac remodeling. In addition, the expression of the sub-unit 131 of the Na/KATPase is decreased in their Ieft ventricie. The activity of this pump is regulated by estrogens. These hormones inhibit cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and their removai increased cardiac remodeling. We thus believe that an alteration of estrogen receptors (ERs) in female's rat heart induces a deterioration of ionic transports, particularly the sodium one, which contributes to the appearance of cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study is ta measure ERs expression and Na/KATPase activity in the heart of UFE and contrais. Female rats were sacrificed at 5 and 12 weeks and fetuses were taken at 22 days of gestation. Measurements have been done on the left ventricle. When compared ta controls, the 5 week UFE exhibit Iower expression (mRNA) of ERŒ. The expression 0f FR13 and the activity of Na/KATPase are similar between the twa groups at different ages. These resuits suggest that the reduction in ERa can predispose female rats to hypertrophic effect attributed ta the increase of the blood pressure but this is flot related to Na/KATPase activity. Epigenetic modifications or diminution 0f estrogens could be at the origin of the reduction of ERa.


This chapter focuses on the Umkhonto memorial in Mamelodi, erected by political party in tribute to their members during the final days of apartheid era, it was unveiled in what is now called Solomon Mahlangu Square on 6 April 1991. This commemorative sculpture is of immense historical importance as it constitutes perhaps the first such memorial officially erected in public space by one of the liberation movements. It is a cultural product testifying to a crucial moment in South Africa's history, namely the fragile transition period of early 1990s, when a fundamental transformation of socio-political order was in sight. It was a time of exceptional tension and political violence and simultaneously a time of negotiation over a peaceful transfer of power from white minority to black majority rule, but also, author argues, over claims to political power in the new order and over the symbolic power of representing the past.Keywords: liberation movements; paying tribute; political power; public memorial; Solomon Mahlangu Square; South Africa; Umkhonto memorial; victims


The inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 2 N H3PO4 by 1-benzoyl-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and ac impedance techniques. The results showed that inhibitor performance depends on both concentration and temperature. The increasing of temperature reduces the inhibition efficiency. Polarization studied revealed that these compounds behave as mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition action of 1-benzoyl-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide was performed via adsorption of this compound on carbon steel surface. The adsorption was spontaneous and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters are calculated and discussed.


Most philosophers who advocate Scientific Realism (SR) endorse also Modal Realism (MR), i.e., assume commitments with objective modality. However, the precise relationship between these positions has been scarcely explored. In this paper I argue that there is an indirect implication from SR to MR. Although the basic thesis of SR does not imply MR, both the main argument for SR and the best realist theory of reference do imply modal commitments. Keywords: Scientific Realism, Modal Realism, Modality, No-Miracle Argument, Causal Descriptivism.


How does short-term study abroad affect students' attitudes toward human rights? What role does study abroad play in human rights education? This study assesses the learning outcomes of two study abroad programs that aimed to promote human rights education. I applied a mixed methods approach to measure the changes in the opinions of students who completed my courses in two countries with poor human rights scores: The Gambia and Vietnam. I expected that The Gambia course would push the students toward ethnocentrism, and the Vietnam course would push the students toward ethnorelativism, but I was wrong about the impact of both courses Intergroup contact theory provides the best theoretical framework for explaining these unexpected learning outcomes. My findings suggest that we need to question the compatibility between human rights education and study abroad in terms of learning objectives.


Rehearsing a new contemporary notated piano score often requires the performer to dedicate a large amount of time to translating the notation: tasks may include interpreting new symbols, or old symbols in new contexts, learning new extended techniques, and learning the link between symbol and physical gesture. Huisman et al's article details an experiment that studies the use of various types of music editions and their effect on the practice and performance of contemporary piano music scores. This commentary considers the following issues when discussing the interpretation of unfamiliar piano scores: 1) issues in reading notation that arise from performance practice challenges, 2) cultivating an interpretive platform, and 3) embodiment in the rehearsal of a new, contemporary score.


We analyze the degree to which Canadian families are covered by private pension plans and document how their savings for retirement (made through contributions to tax-assisted retirement savings programs) have evolved over the last two decades. We find that two-parent families, lone-parent families and other individuals located in the bottom quintile of the earnings distribution are not better prepared for retirement than their counterparts were in the mid-1980s or the early 1990s. On the other hand, those located in the top quintile are better prepared than their counterparts were in the mid-1980s or the early 1990s. As a result, Canadian families' preparedness for retirement, which was fairly unequal in the mid-1980s, has become even more unequal over the last two decades. This finding has important implications for the future. Recent research has shown that the maturation of the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans (C/QPPs) has led to a substantial reduction in income inequality among the elderly between the early 1980s and the mid-1990s. In the absence of offsetting trends, the growing inequality in Canadian families preparedness for retirement implies that that the distribution of family income among seniors should become more unequal in the years to come.


(\I1981 OCEA Award Winner\N.) LOOP—the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port—is a $700 million, multi-faceted project for the unloading of oil directly from supertankers 19 miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico to a national distribution system. The problem leading to the project's inception was the lack of a natural deepwater harbor capable of accommodating the deep drafts of crude-carrying supertankers. The article describes the project's major features: a marine terminal with two platforms, one for operations control and one for pumping; mooring buoys that can handle three supertankers simultaneously; pipelines and pumps for unloading oil; huge underground salt dome storage caverns; and a 25-million bbl brine storage reservoir, used in moving crude oil into and out of the storage caverns.


Hydrolyzed lactose syrup (HLS) was produced from cheese whey ultrafiltration permeate by treatment with immobilized β-galactosidase, deionization, and evaporation. The degree of hydrolysis was 97.2%. Hydrolyzed-isomerized lactose syrup (HILS) was produced from hydrolyzed, deionized ultrafiltration permeate by treatment with immobilized glucose isomerase, deionization and evaporation. The degree of isomerization was 34.8%. HLS and HILS were substituted for 25% or 50% of the sucrose (on a solids basis) in vanilla ice cream. The mix freezing time increased when HLS or HILS was substituted for sucrose at a level of 50%. There were no significant differences in melting rates (P < 0.05) and few differences in sensory quality.


Infections caused by these organisms pose a serious challenge to the scientific community and the need for an effective therapy has lead to a search for novel antibacterial agents. Oxazolidinones are a novel class of totally synthetic antimicrobial agents active against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant


The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of rickets are currently being largely revised. The basis for this is new data on the metabolism of vitamin D, the provision of healthy and sick children with various forms of rickets. Vitamin D is a precursor to at least three hormones that regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine and bone mineralization. The endogenous formation of vitamin D3 in the skin, its humoral redistribution to the liver and kidneys, in which its chemical modification takes place, the fixation of metabolites in the intestine, kidneys, bones and muscle by specific receptors, and, finally, the control of its transformation according to the feedback principle all this is characteristic of hormonal compounds [6].


From the Publisher:
Transfer function form, zpk, state space, modal, and state spacemodal forms. For someone learning dynamics for the first time or for engineers who use the tools infrequently, the options available for constructing and representing dynamic mechanical models can be daunting. It is important to find a way to put them all in perspective and have them available for quick reference.
It is also important to have a strong understanding of modal analysis, from which the total response of a system can be constructed. Finally, it helps to know how to take the results of large dynamic finite element models and build small MATLAB(r) state space models.
Vibration Simulation Using MATLAB and ANSYS answers all those needs. Using a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) system as a unifying theme, it presents all the methods in one book. Each chapter provides the background theory to support its example, and each chapter contains both a closed form solution to the problem-shown in its entirety-and detailed MATLAB code for solving the problem.
Bridging the gap between introductory vibration courses and the techniques used in actual practice, Vibration Simulation Using MATLAB and ANSYS builds the foundation that allows you to simulate your own real-life problems.
Features o Demonstrates how to solve real problems, covering the vibration of systems from single DOF to finite element models with thousands of DOF o Illustrates the differences and similarities between different models by tracking a single example throughout the book o Includes the complete, closed-form solution and the MATLAB code used to solve each problem o Shows explicitly how to take the results of a realistic ANSYS finite element model and develop a small MATLAB state-space model o Provides a solid grounding in how individual modes of vibration combine for overall system response


During the past decades, researchers have focused a great deal of attention on the lobe bearings because of their superior stability. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for determining the performances of bearings is developed based on the Fourier analysis. The advantage of this method is no longer to treat each lobe as an individual partial bearing like before, but to take into account the inherent relevance and coupling effects among lobes, etc. This article firstly puts forward universal frameworks of mathematical procedure, within which two multi-lobe journal bearings, namely, three- and four-lobe bearing are investigated. For the bearings with similar topology structure, the results show that the Fourier expansions of oil-film thickness are composed of the same family of harmonic basis functions. And those functions are merely related to the number of bearing lobes N. The results also show that both the oil-film profile and pressure field of the whole bearing completely inherit the periodicity from the periodic bearing structure and own the same period 2π/N commonly. Again, the simulated results construct the corresponding relationship between the expanded terms of oil-film thickness and pressure field. Further, quantitatively analyzing the variations of the pressure component indicates that as the order increases, the maximum of the pressure component decreases gradually. That provides a more convenient approach to obtain a satisfied prediction of the performance of the bearings just by using finite Fourier harmonic terms.


This paper, it proposes a simple and effective infrared weak target detection algorithm, based on the problem of complex background and low signal-to-noise ratio in infrared weak target image. The method is based on the maximum inter-class variance method and morphological filtering technique. By analyzing the infrared weak target image by the maximum inter-class variance method, the image signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved. And then combined with the improved mathematical morphology method for filtering, which can be fast and efficient to realize the detection of infrared weak target. the method has low complexity and short program running time. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the image signal-to-noise ratio and remove the image noise, thus achieving accurate extraction of weak infrared target.


In view of the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization of the services of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) played a fundamental role based on aspects such as the structuring of services and levels of health care, hiring and training of professionals, allocation of resources, as well as such as the offer and access to hospital beds. This essay seeks to discuss how the current dynamics of SUS in relation to the organization of services has influenced the performance of this system in coping with the pandemic of COVID-19.


800x600 The minimum tillage and no-tillage systems represent alternatives to the conventional system of soil tillage, due to their conservation effects on soil features and to the assured productions, maize: 96 - 98.1% at minimum tillage and 99.8% at no-tillage, soybean: 102.9 -111.9% at minimum tillage and 117.2% at no-tillage, wheat: 93.4 - 96.8% at minimum tillage and 106.9% at no-tillage, as compared to the conventional system. Correct choice of the right soil tillage system for the crops in rotation help reduce energy consumption, thus maize: 97.3 - 97.9% at minimum tillage and 91.3% at no-tillage, soybean: 98.6 - 98.2% at minimum tillage and 92.8% at no-tillage, wheat: 97.4 - 98% at minimum tillage and 91.6% at no-tillage. Energy efficiency is in relation to reductions in energy savings, but also with efficiency and impact on the tillage system on the cultivated plant. For all crops in rotation, energy efficiency (energy produced from 1 MJ consumed) was the best in no-tillage and 10.44 MJ ha -1 at maize, 6.49 MJ ha -1 at soybean, 5.66 MJ ha -1 at wheat. Energy-efficient agricultural system: the energy consumed-energy produced-energy yield, necessarily have to be supplemented by soil energy efficiency, with the conservative effect of the agricultural system. Only then the agricultural system will be sustainable, durable in agronomic, economic and ecological terms. The implementation of minimum and no-tillage soil systems have increased the organic matter content from 2 to 7.6% and water stabile aggregate content from 5.6 to 9.6%, at 0 - 30 cm depth, as compared to the conventional system. While the soil fertility and the wet aggregate stability have initially been low, the effect of conservation practices on the soil characteristics led to a positive impact on the water permeability in the soil. Availability of soil moisture during the crop growth led to a better plant watering condition. Subsequent release of conserved soil water regulated proper plant water condition and soil structure. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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This study presents parametric dependence of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) tip-carbon nanotube (CNT) contact in rectifying mode (I ≠ 0 only with V<0), which is a special behaviour shown by the contact. In order to determine the parametric dependence for its experimentally observed I-V characteristics, a computer algorithm was developed. The I-V characteristics are dependent on temperature and tip-nanotube overlap area, which are varied within experimental range. The results revealed that the forward threshold voltage decreases with increase in temperature and tip-nanotube overlap area. The current increases sharply with increase in tip-nanotube overlap area, and is much pronounced at high temperatures. It is concluded that the I-V characteristics are more dependent on tip-nanotube overlap area than temperature. The results of the calculations are compared to experimental data obtained by Yamada [1].


This paper shows how a recent advancement in power semiconductor technology and some improvements can allow the flyback switching power supply to operate effectively at high output powers. The switching frequency can be increased, which allows for a more effective output filter design and a smaller transformer. A basic design example of a 1200 watt power supply power part is presented.


Cancer is currently responsible for around 6 million deaths worldwide. Cancer-related deaths are predicted to rise to 74% in the next several years which is alarming for the developing countries. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is also the leading cause mortality. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the practices opted by Pakistani women about breast self and clinical Examination and screening modalities. Methods: Total 453 selected female University students using the "Epitool" online sample calculation website with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error were selected. All girls between the age of 18-55 years who were currently enrolled in one of the study programs and could complete the English questionnaire were included in the study. The Breast Cancer Investigation Questionnaire (BCIQ) was used in study. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The respondents' mean age was 22.87± 4.67 years. The prevalence of knowledge of breast cancer screening techniques was high 341 (75.3%), 245(53.3%) and 273 (60%), respectively, for breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. However, only 345 (75.1%), 303 (36.9%), and 255 (56.2%) knew BSE, CBE, and mammography are helpful in breast cancer diagnosis respectively. Conclusion: Even though many females were aware of breast cancer and self-examination, the number of women who do BSE was alarmingly low.


It is well established that the modern notion of human being is firmly based on the concept of natural evolution, regarding its biological origins, and on the concept of culture, regarding its existential condition and its multiplicity of way of life. This paper discusses the relationship between the evolutionary paradigm in the natural sciences and modern anthropological thought by analyzing the roots of some misunderstandings between these two intellectual traditions. Notably, the conflation of the legacies of naturalist Charles Darwin and philosopher Herbert Spencer in the works of the school of thought known as Social Evolutionism, which was hegemonic between the 1870s and World War I (1914-1918) in the anthropological field. Based on the criticism directed at the authors of this school by Franz Boas, founder of North American Cultural Anthropology, the paper demonstrates that the evolutionary concept used by social evolutionists such as Edward B. Tylor and Lewis H. Morgan refers more to Spencer's teleological and deductive conceptions of evolution as a law than to Darwin's approach to natural selection as a mechanism. Finally, the paper highlights that the affinities between the Boasian theory of culture and the Darwinian worldview are greater than might be supposed, such as: a retrodictive view on the process of natural and cultural variancy, rather than a predictive one; the substitution of determined orthogenesis for non-deterministic phylogenesis; and the replacement of the belief on absolute progress and human exceptionalism for relativism concerning the place of humanity and its various cultural ways of life in the world. Keywords: Evolution. Social evolutionism. Anthropology. Darwin. Spencer.


The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to increase worldwide, largely affecting the elderly, but also occurring in younger patients as a result of structural heart disease, autonomic imbalance, genetic abnormality, or previous cardiac surgery. Despite major advances in the understanding of the diverse pathogenesis, electrophysiological mechanisms, and triggering factors contributing to AF, the management of this arrhythmia is still palliative in most cases. It consists of anticoagulation prophylaxis and pharmacological therapy aimed at either maintenance of sinus rhythm or merely ventricular rate control and lifelong anticoagulation. Sinus rhythm can relieve symptoms, improve cardiac function, and theoretically lessen the risk of thromboembolic events. However, prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy has limited efficacy and is associated with a significant risk for proarrhythmias or noncardiac adverse effects. These limitations of antiarrhythmic drugs have led to the development of nonpharmacological approaches such as the dualchamber atrial pacemaker or defibrillator and surgical and catheter ablation techniques. Despite all these advances, a successful curative therapy for AF is, however, relatively unusual, and preventative therapies are rarely contemplated. A fundamental question is whether "upstream" therapy of the causes of AF may increase the likelihood of successful treatment. Prevention of AF is an attractive possibility that will rely on general prevention of cardiac disease, identification of those at risk of AF, and the development of specific therapeutic strategies to prevent the evolution of an electrophysiological milieu that will support the arrhythmia.


This text is the first ever developed as an undergraduate level textbook for Family Life Education. It introduces the theory, principles, and skills necessary to prepare, present, and evaluate family life education programs and workshops. The text is based on the National Council of Family Relations guidelines for undergraduate education, and integrates theory and applications appropriate for established areas of education such as high schools, educational extension services, and community and youth centers. The scope includes sex education, marriage and family relations, parenting, and youth services.


ABSTRACT In this article, Dialogical sequence analysis (DSA) is introduced as a method in theory-based single case research. The structure of article is as follows: first, we will describe briefly the historical background of single case studies and their position as the foundation of psychoanalytic knowledge formation. Secondly, we will describe through Amalia X's case how one psychoanalytic 'specimen case' has been used as a cornerstone for a comprehensive psychoanalytic process research model, the so called 'Ulm model'. Amalia X is one of the most studied single cases internationally also outside psychoanalytic process study field. Thirdly, we will introduce the central theory and practice of DSA. Fourthly, in the last section of our article, we will show in practice how DSA can be used in the analysis of Amalia's dream in the session 152.


abstract:South Carolina's Piedmont has undergone dramatic environmental change since the mid-1800s. This article uses the Union County mansion of South Carolina governor William H. Gist to trace how radical changes in its natural setting influenced locals' presentation of the history of Gist, the house, and the Civil War. In the decades after the war, as exhausted fields gave way to gullies, and free African Americans began working the land and living in the house, white Southerners portrayed the mansion as crumbling proof of the tragedy of emancipation. In the 1930s, however, when the federal government bought thousands of acres surrounding the house and transformed the visibly worn land into a national forest, white locals regained control of the house and changed the moral thrust of the narrative. The trees that covered the once-conspicuous wounds of the land made it possible to reimagine the mansion as a testament to the glory of the Confederacy—a verdant monument to the Lost Cause. Scientists researching the ecology of the area in recent years, though, have excavated a telling irony: the soil continues to suffer from a century of cotton cultivation, despite what the green trees and interpretation of the restored house might indicate.


In this article, "the basic idea is to introduce the idea of style as an approach to (political) activity and, especially, as an alternative practice to ideological activity." Using the example of animal-rights activism, the author posits something "decidedly new" in Finnish civic activity, which traditionally has been channelled through institutions: Finnish movements have been state-oriented, with demands being addressed to the government, and have emphasized knowledge-based rationality as the measure for competent activity. The author categorically rejects "the notion that, in politics, style is anything more than a superficial curtain, behind which the true contents of politicking can be found," and argues that the traditional style of activity has changed recently toward one called action. The most essential dimension of this action style is unpredictability. Choosing this style means making a (political) judgment, situation by situation. The repertoire of collective activity has enlarged, and actors are now ready to act in the most radical and surprising style.


Previous and recent writings on the Cuban missile crisis call into question the sorts of history that can and should be available for international security policy and analysis. The capacity of history is seriously limited with respect to evaluations of crisis outcomes, prescriptive and cautionary maxims, narrative completeness, and cause-and-effect inferences. Yet history as remembered is a valuable and inherent part of national security thinking. Ways are suggested to treat history to gain more from it. These principles apply at least as much to modern decision technology uses of history as to more traditional approaches.


This paper develops a demonstration system to prove the concept of mmWave integrated 5G heterogeneous networks (HetNet). Distinctive features of the developed demonstration system are four-fold. The one is world fastest mmWave access at 60 GHz band between a small-cell BS and a smartphone terminal achieving 6.1 Gbps. The second is 60 GHz 32x32 massive elements antenna to provide special shape of communication area. The third is mmWave backhaul between small-cell BSs and a gateway with full-duplex capability to enhance the spectral efficiency. The last is contents centric networking over the HetNet to realize seamless service between commercial LTE and mmWave accesses. In the demonstration, pedestrian users experience to download 1 GB file with just 1.3 s when passing through the area of mmWave access.


It is clear that the exploration geophysics has clearly contributed to find petroleum and natural gas resources world wide. In future too, there will be no method superior than the geophysical methods for this purpose especially in offshore areas and for deeply seated hydrocarbone deposits , although the methods shall be improved more. The present review chiefly concerns with two geophysical methods, i. e. reflection seismic and gravity. In this review, a short history of technicla development including data aquisition , data processing and progress in interpretation are descrived with figures .


The relationship between photodegradation rates and dye concentrations were determined by extraction, reflectance, and visual methods. Polyester and cellulose ester fabrics dyed with 4-[N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-(ethylamino)]-4'-nitroazo benzene at various concentrations were exposed to either a carbon-arc or a mercury-arc lamp, and the amount of dye de struction, as a function of time, was determined by the various methods. Correlations were found between visual lightfastness ratings on the fabrics, dye loss determined by reflectance methods, and concentration of dye in the fabric. Extraction methods were useful for determination of dye content of dyed fabrics before and after extensive photodegra dation, but they lacked the sensitivity required for determination of small dye losses resulting from photolysis. Neither the fading kinetics nor the reflectance spectra indicated extensive aggregation of dye in the fabrics.


The responsiveness of human peripheral B cells when stimulated by Salmonella paratyphi B (SPB) was studied.The human B cells showed nonspecific and polyclonal differentiation to immunoglobul-inproducing cells (ISC) when stimulated by SPB.SPB-induced generation of ISC from human B cells was found to be T-independent and Mφ-independent and was not affected by DNA synthesis.These results suggested that this bacteria does not stimulate the proliferation of B cells but does stimulate differentiation from B cell to ISC and the secretion of polyclonal Igs.Therefore it was verified that SPB stimulates B cells differently from other mitogen. SPB made it possible for detailed analysis of the activating system of human B cells.


Patient: Male, 42 Final Diagnosis: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) Symptoms: Bullous hemorrhagic lesions • elevated liver enzymes Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is an IgA small-vessel vasculitis that is primarily a disease of childhood. Its presentation in adulthood is rare and has a more severe disease course. We present a case with an atypical presentation of this disease that was a diagnostic challenge for multiple providers. Case Report: A 42-year-old man noticed bullous lesions over his ankles that spread to his entire legs over a few weeks. They later became necrotic and ulcerated areas. His primary care physician and 2 dermatologists could not reach a definitive diagnosis. He then presented to our hospital with new abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and a new elevation in liver enzymes. A biopsy of his skin lesions led to the diagnosis of HSP. Conclusions: We discuss this highly unusual initial presentation with bullous skin lesions and liver enzyme abnormalities and explore the medical literature to understand its pathogenesis. Clinicians need to be aware of this rare presentation to avoid a delay in diagnosis and management.


─ Microwave absorbers have emerged as an indispensable industrial apparatus in today's world, owing to their multitude of uses, both civil as well as military. This paper focuses on the use of three evolutionary algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization, bat algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm for the purpose of obtaining optimal designs of seven layer microwave absorbers over a wide frequency range, and both cases of normal and oblique incidence. The resultant optimal designs are compared in terms of maximum reflection coefficient and total thickness with those presented in existing literature. Index Terms ─ Bat algorithm, Chew's recursive formula, cuckoo search algorithm, multilayer microwave absorber, particle swarm optimization, polarization.


In the first decade of the 21 st century global inequality is becoming an ever more serious global security threat. The most telling fact in this respect is the 3 billion people living below the poverty threshol d and in absolute poverty. True, by 2015 this number should de cline to 2.6 billion, but even so it will still be a very high proportion of the world's total population. The fact that large areas and regions, mostly of the developing world, are lagging behind in social and e conomic progress generates not only regional, but potentially also global security instability. Uncont rolled mass migration is a particularly serious thr eat in this respect. Global inequality can have serious conseque nces even for the security of the European Union, wh ich is an important destination for migrants especially from Sub-Saharan Africa and potentially also from the Middle East. Social inequality generates even comple tely new security challenges. One example of this ar e the "failed cities", mostly an African, Asian and Latin American phenomenon. In order to reduce global inequality as a global security challenge the West will have to implement a set of integrated politica l and economic measures, which will consist first and fore most in the provision of effective humanitarian and development aid. Klí čová slova Společenská nerovnost, chudoba, nelegální migrace, velkom ěsta v úpadku, Evropská unie, Subsaharská Afrika, Blízký východ, rozvojová pomoc.


We studied basal serum atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels and the response to acute salt loading in rats with different grades of functional renal mass reduction. The six groups of rats studied i


A scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) is used to study the kinetics and mechanism of filiform corrosion (FFC) as it occurs on polyvinyl butyral-coated AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy. In order to control the quantity of electrolyte entering the filament-head population, FFC is initiated by injecting a measured quantity of aqueous HCl directly into a penetrative coating defect. Subsequently, time-dependent free corrosion potential (E corr ) maps are obtained by repeated in situ scanning of a fixed sample area at 20°C and 93% relative humidity. The number of moles of HCl (N HCl ) introduced during initiation is varied systematically and the resulting E corr distributions analyzed to provide detailed information on filament dimensions and FFC propagation rates. Equations are derived relating the volume of individual filament-head electrolyte droplets to filament-head radius. Equations are also derived relating the total (population) filament-head electrolyte volume to N HCl . Using these relationships a series of kinetic equations are derived predicting propagation rates for individual filaments and filament populations under circumstances where rates of coating delamination are surface controlled or controlled by underfilm ion migration. Comparison with experimental kinetics shows that for the system studied the rate of coating delamination is surface controlled, i.e., proportional to the interfacial area existing between the filament-head electrolyte droplet and the metal substrate.


The subject of the study is the current features of freshwater management in European countries and experience for Ukraine. Methodology. The study used general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalization; methods of positive and normative analysis and statistical analysis. The goal is to study the European experience in freshwater management and adapt it for Ukraine. Research conclusion. An analysis of the water supply of European households has been carried out and it has been found that there is no "water stress" under such conditions. However, with the global water scarcity resulting from population growth and urbanization, particularly tourism, in recent years, negative factors have particularly affected water use in small Mediterranean islands and in densely populated areas. To stabilize this situation, EU member states have been asked to report on each of the monitoring stations that have been removed from their monitoring network, the reason for such removal and the alternative stations installed in case of persistent pollution. It was found that trends can be calculated for 83% of groundwater stations (so far only 20% in Sweden) and 75% of surface water stations (but less than 50% for Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Malta, Slovakia and Sweden). The importance of freshwater and seawater remediation measures by EU Member States under Directive 24 to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by nitrates or phosphorus is stressed. It was found that European integration strategies in the field of environmental protection are characterized by improving water quality and water management; environmental management and integration of environmental policies; ensuring air quality; waste management; reducing the use of genetically modified organisms. It is justified that to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the environmental component (natural environment) in the Association Agreement, the authors will analyze Ukraine on the index of environmental performance (The Environmental Performance Index), which provides a quantitative basis for comparison, analysis and understanding of environmental indicators in 180 countries.


LABORATORIES ARE PART of many industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, metallurgy, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, petroleum and fuel, and cosmetics. Critical research—such as stem-cell, enzyme, fuel alternative and medical—is performed in laboratories. Laboratory jobs are varied and may include the use of microscopes, fume hoods, chemicals, pipettes, flasks, glove boxes, automated analyzers, compressed gases, computers and similar equipment. Such an environment presents unique ergonomic hazards.


Significance Plant cell surface receptors perceive carbohydrate signaling molecules and hereby establish communication with surrounding microbes. Genetic studies have identified two different classes of lysin motif receptor kinases as gatekeepers that together trigger the symbiotic pathway in plants; however, no structural or functional data of the perception mechanisms switching these receptors from resting state into activation is known. In this study, we use structural biology, biochemical, and genetic approaches to demonstrate how the NFP/NFR5 class of lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) receptors discriminate bacterial symbionts based on a kinetic proofreading mechanism that controls receptor activation and signaling specificity. We show that the LCO binding site can be engineered to support symbiotic functions, which greatly advance future opportunities for receptor engineering in legumes and nonlegumes. Plants and animals use cell surface receptors to sense and interpret environmental signals. In legume symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the specific recognition of bacterial lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) signals by single-pass transmembrane receptor kinases determines compatibility. Here, we determine the structural basis for LCO perception from the crystal structures of two lysin motif receptor ectodomains and identify a hydrophobic patch in the binding site essential for LCO recognition and symbiotic function. We show that the receptor monitors the composition of the amphiphilic LCO molecules and uses kinetic proofreading to control receptor activation and signaling specificity. We demonstrate engineering of the LCO binding site to fine-tune ligand selectivity and correct binding kinetics required for activation of symbiotic signaling in plants. Finally, the hydrophobic patch is found to be a conserved structural signature in this class of LCO receptors across legumes that can be used for in silico predictions. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of cell-surface receptor activation by kinetic proofreading of ligands and highlight the potential in receptor engineering to capture benefits in plant–microbe interactions.


ABSTRACT Social media activism presents sociologists with the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of how groups form and sustain collective identities around political issues throughout the course of a social movement. This paper contributes to a growing body of sociological literature on social media by applying an intersectional framework to a content analysis of over 400,000 tweets related to #SayHerName. Our findings demonstrate that Twitter users who identified with #SayHerName engage in intersectional mobilization by highlighting Black women victims of police violence and giving attention to intersections with gender identity. #SayHerName is a dialogue that centres Black cisgender and transgender women victims of state-sanctioned violence. Additionally, #SayHerName is a space for highlighting Black women victims of non-police violence. Therefore, we propose that future research on social media activism should incorporate intersectionality as a basis for understanding the symbols and language of twenty-first century social movements.


The article is devoted to the statistical methods and their applications in quantitative studies of the causality between economic phenomena and processes. Nowadays there is a great variety of mathematical, statistical and other methods of analysis. The problem of the study is how to select a statistical method in the right way. All the phenomena in the world are interrelated and affect each other. Therefore each observable phenomenon is causally related with innumerable other phenomena, and its pattern of development depends on the multiplicity of factors. In view of the above, the aim of the study is to get better understanding of these causalities. Learning of internationally established statistical methods is helpful. The capabilities of the statistical equations method in finding the above mentioned causalities are demonstrated, with emphasizing its advantages over other statistical methods. Comparative analysis of main statistical methods used in static and dynamic ways is given.


1. Catholic University Medical Course. 2. Department of Internal Medicine from Armed Forces Hospital (HFA). Estrada do Contorno do Bosque s/n, 70.603-900. Brasília-DF. Brazil. 3. Department of Gastroenterology from HFA. 4. Department of Pathology from HFA. Correspondencia Vitorino Modesto dos Santos SMPW Quadra 14, Conjunto 2, Lote 7, Casa A Setor de Mansoes Park Way, 71745-140 Brasília-DF. Brazil Tfno. (0xx55) 61 33802666 Fax (0xx55) 61 32331599 E-mail: email@example.com Rodrigo M et al described a case of black esophagus (BE) in a 77-year-old male who developed severe hemodynamic instability, and BE was cited as rare condition1. The mentioned report is very interesting and well documented, but additional comments and illustrations from the study of a brazilian patient with coexistent BE and candidiasis could be appropriate to emphasize concerns about frequency rate and associated factors.


: Although gender representation in Arabic textbooks has been extensively documented, little is known about it from the perspective of local textbooks. To fill this void, the present study aims to examine gender representation in Arabic textbooks at one of the most prominent Islamic Boarding Schools in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study uses a case study research design and Choiroh and Taufiq's theory (2020) to analyze data. The research findings revealed that the gender representation in that textbook encompasses stereotypes, subordination, marginalization, and double burden in the themes of time, sports professions, and patient clinics. The factors behind the emergence of gender representation were classified into internal and external factors. Internal factor is caused by being written by a female Arabic teacher, while external factor includes patriarchal culture. This research implies that teachers or instructors in Islamic boarding schools need training or workshops to discuss gender equality so that stereotyping, marginalization, and the double burden that disadvantages women can be considered and avoided.


Successful processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data requires that the Doppler centroid frequency be accurately estimated. A method for estimating the Doppler centroid for azimuth-offset SAR signals in the presence of noise and speckle is presented. For azimuth-offset SAR systems, changes in the Doppler centroid will cause distortions in the shape of the azimuth spectrum. As a result, the traditional correlation-based estimators will not provide accurate estimates. Doppler centroid estimation based on edge detection provides a practical alternative. The edge detector is tuned to detect a fairly wide, smooth, roof-like type of edge in the signal power spectrum. This method of estimation is evaluated with real data to measure its performance. The results are compared to those obtained by other estimation techniques based on spectrum fitting and energy balance. The accuracy of the edge detection technique over a 2048 azimuth cells by 16 range cells area is found to be 0.02 PRF rms. The edge detection principles can offer a convenient solution for Doppler estimation of range-offset and non-offset SAR signals as well.


There are a multitude of factors influencing the learning outcomes of students, with all previous studies basing their conclusions upon predetermined variables according to different theories and exploring the relevance between them. In this study, two important antecedents—the transfer of teachers' knowledge and student orientation—are put forward based on the knowledge conversion theory and marketing concepts to explore the conspicuousness between various factors within the structural model. This study uses students from colleges in Taiwan as its research samples. Purposive sampling is adopted to acquire the samples required for statistics. A total of 801 participants are involved in this study. The results indicate that knowledge transfer at the teacher level plays a significant role in students' absorptive capacity and learning outcomes, that student orientation at college levels has a great influence on students' absorptive capacity, and that the prior knowledge of students has a positive moderating effect on the influence of teachers' knowledge transfer on students' absorptive capacities. Based on these results, the study provides suggestions for relevant theoretical and practical implications to indicate the contributions of this research.


An active RC bandpass network that uses d.v.c.c.s./d.v.c.v.s. (a block containing a differential voltage-controlled current source and a differential voltage-controlled voltage source) with equal-valued capacitors and resistors is proposed. The sensitivities with respect to all circuit components are derived.


This paper describes the development of a constant volume, variable pressure permeation system for use in testing membrane materials up to pressures of 276 bar with both a vacuum and pressurized downstream. In addition, a membrane masking technique that is well-suited for use with this system in high-pressure applications is also described. To illustrate the utility of the equipment, permeation and selectivity results for a commercially available polyimide, Matrimid, under pure and mixed gas conditions are presented and discussed in relation to studies reported at lower feed pressures with more conventional systems.


We empirically investigate the factors affecting the quality of information obtained by randomly sampling nodes from a network embedded in two-dimensional space. The motivation for this work is that wireless and other physical networks do in fact have embedding of their nodes in space, although analyses of random walks on such networks often only consider the link structure while ignoring node locations. Of independent interest is the measure we propose to evaluate the quality of sampling: the rate of decrease in the area of the largest empty circle remaining.


Twenty trackways of Kayentapus minor were exposed on a single bedding plane at the Culpeper Crushed Stone Quarry (Stevensburg, Virginia) in the early 1990's. These trackways included over 1800 footprints. Empirical analysis of this large population of dinosaur footprints and related stride lengths provides the first reliable estimates of gait parameters for a medium-sized theropod dinosaur. Walking animals made most of the trackways, but four trackways show bursts of jogging or running behavior. In one instance, a trackmaker burst from a walk to a full run in a span of three paces. The trackways are so extensive that the range and modes of walking, jogging and running stride lengths can be accurately determined for this trackmaker. Knowledge of the points at which jogging and running should begin allows an estimation of jogging and running speeds independent of Alexander's Formula, which is usually used for estimating dinosaur speeds. This alternative method of determining speed allows a more precise determination of the constant and exponent powers appropriate for Alexander's Formula when it is applied to non-maniraptoriform theropod dinosaurs, thus improving the accuracy of that formula for estimating the speeds of this subset of theropods.


Compared to their full-sized counterparts, rotorcraft-based UAVs exhibits more complex properties. Helicopters, specifically, have more to deal with in hover flight since vertical-longitudinal dynamic couples with that of lateral-directional. While in cruise flight, they behave like fixed wings, and more for higher cruise speed. This non-linearity traditionally was dealt by linearizing it over a set of operating points where a gain scheduling mechanism can be applied. The drawback of this approach is that control designs based on linearized dynamics might become deteriorated when it is applied beyond the vicinity of equilibrium. In contrast, LPV control technique explicitly takes into account the change in performance due to real-time parameter variations. Therefore, this control technique gives a promising potential in designing control systems which is robust over the entire operating envelope. In this study, we investigate a new approach implementing model identification for use in the LPV control framework. The identification scheme employs recursive least square technique implemented on the LPV system represented by dynamics of helicopter during a transition. The airspeed as the scheduling of parameter trajectory is not assumed to vary slowly. The exclusion of slow parameter change requirement allows for the application of the algorithm for aggressive maneuvering capability without the need of expensive computation.


Rarely is one invited to see the ingredients that go into the sausage, and if one plans only to eat sausage, this is an ideal situation. But the only way to make sausage is to take a close look at these ingredients, blemishes and all. Despite modeling shortcomings and disagreements that are evident among the authors, Elements of Reason is a remarkable book, both for its instructional value and the insight it offers into one of the most important problems in the social sciences.


The most effective method for reduction of radio activity in BWR nuclear power plants is to remove the iron oxide deposits on the coolant pipes. The dissolution behavior of Fe304 deposited on the carbon steel were studied in the EDTA solution by means of cathodic polarization method. Dissolution rate of Fe304 was constant and dependent on the electrode potential in the lower range of the rest potential of carbon steel. The potential of the highest dissolution rate was -1.25V vs. SCE in the electrolyte of 60C. Temperature of electrolyte largely affected the dissolution of iron oxide. Logarithm of dissolution rate changes linearily with the inverse of absolute temperature. On the other hand, dissolved gas in the electrolyte also affected the dissolution. Dissolved oxygen caused to reduce the dissolution by the hydroxide film on iron oxide. Dissolved hydrogen slightly promoted dissolution by the Schikkor reverse reaction.


According to the characteristics and requirements of profile modeling spray,a shape-structure parameters detection system of fruit-tree were worked out,which was based on digital signal processor(DSP).It can gather the real-time video image,process the image and calculate parts of the shape-structure parameters quickly.The hardware structure,function and principle of every parts of the system were introduced in this paper.A simple image process example was also given.The experiment results showed that the system can detect the crown and height of fruit-tree with the relative error within-2.51%~0 and-3.0%~1.7%,respectively.


One of the critical aspects of staying ahead of the competition is to embrace technological advancements and to manage the change successfully. One such advanced technology is Machine Learning (ML), which finds applications in several businesses. We present an application of ML in forecasting the future revenue generation of a retail chain based on previous sales values along with several non-intuitive external factors such as economic performance, consumer price index, unemployment rate, fuel prices, ambient temperature, and price markdowns that may have a causal relationship with revenue generation. The model will provide insights into how the external factors affect the revenue of a retail business. We have employed techniques like Random Forest Regression and Vector Autoregression (VAR). We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods by comparing their MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) among themselves and with univariate regression techniques such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA).


Oxidative indices including peroxide value (PV), para-anisidine value (p-AnV), and extinction coefficients K232 and K268, instrumental texture attributes (hardness and chewiness) and colour parameters (L, a, b, and total colour difference) were measured to find the proper water activity (aw) corresponding to the proper quality of peanut kernels during a certain period of storage. The highest and lowest oxidation rates were recorded for the samples kept in aw values of 0.11 and 0.32–0.43, respectively. The stress required to obtain 25% deformation (MPa) decreased significantly (p < .05) with the increasing moisture content of the samples. In summary, less hardness, colour properties closer to fresh kernels as well as slower oxidation progress were measured for the samples stored at a higher aw, especially those stored at 0.32–0.43 at 40°C (equivalent to 0.33–0.43 at 25°C).

Practical applications
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are grown in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates in more than 70 countries. Like other nuts, peanuts are being consumed as snack foods after roasting or are used as chopped ingredients in cereal bars, confectionery, and breakfast cereals. Therefore, controlling peanut storage conditions (specially aw and temperature) should be considered before use for different purposes. In this study, color, texture, and oxidative changes of peanuts grown in northern Iran, as affected by aw were investigated in order to determine the best aw corresponding to proper quality during storage before being used in various applications at industrial scales.


Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) applies water directly to the crop root zone using buried polyethy lene tubing, also known as a dripline, dripperline, or drip tape (Figure 1). Driplines come in varying diam eters and thicknesses in order to maintain acceptable irrigation uniformity for different field lengths. Smaller diameter driplines are used when short lateral lengths are required. As lateral length increases, a larger diameter dripline must be selected to maintain ade quate irrigation uniformity. to irrigate high value crops. Thicker driplines are used for permanent installations. The thicker driplines can also withstand higher operating pressures. The cost of the dripline is directly related to both diameter and thickness. Small holes called emitters are usually spaced every 8 to 24 inches along the length of the dripline. During irrigation, pressure forces the water out of the emitters drop by drop. Once the water is in the soil, its move ment and wetting pattern will depend on the physical characteristics of the soil. In a fine-textured soil, for instance, water will tend to move laterally and upward, compared with a sandy soil where water tends to move mainly downward. The amount of water that can be delivered through a drip system depends on dripline diameter and spacing, emitter spacing, operating pres sure, emitter size, and emitter design. A variety of drip lines are now available from different manufacturers to fit the specific design requirements for different soils, crops and weather conditions.


Small economy, well known as S&M, is important part of every national economy. Around 60% to 70% of total employment is employees in S&M in all European countries. S&M is key factor of social and national economic stability. That is why developed countries take special attention to S&M.Companies what belong to S&M from developed European countries attempt to be included in global business trends, for example they are included in export-import businesses outside of Europe and their portion in these kinds of businesses are 10%. Countries in transition are just trying to manage development of S&M, it means development of S&M is happening spontaneously. Transition from central planning economy to market economy has been paid with lower quality of development for S&M. Export-import businesses where are included S&M companies from countries in transition are linked only for neighboring countries and there is almost no any intercontinental businesses.The world financial crises are much deeper than what was expected, because there is no ideas how to solve these financial problems. The biggest corporations in the world are not prepared to solve social and economic problems in national economies. That is why S&M is getting more important role in global economic stability. Further to economic crises the role of government in national economy has been replaced by regional and local economies. It means S&M companies are together with local areas become factor of development for sustainable economic development and manage this development.Comparative analyses of S&M in developed European countries and European countries in transition for the first level of analysis, showed high level of similarity for strategic positioning of S&M in national economies. Analysis of basic factors for development, apropos characteristics of factors for development showed important differences between developed European countries and European countries in transition. What kind of unfavorable specificities of S&M for countries in economic transition making influence? On what way is possible to contribute for development of S&M for countries in transition? What has to be the role of government for development of S&M for economies in transition, compare to developed European economies? How to link S&M from developed European economies with economies in transition? These basic questions will be answered in this analysis and in the same time will join to requirements for incentive development of S&M and eliminate key differences between S&M in developed European economies and European economiesin transition.


Objective To evaluate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in the reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by diazoxide postconditioning in rats.Methods Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 240-260 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group,vehicle group (V group),diazoxide postconditioning group (D group),and STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor Stattic group (St group).Myocardial I/R was produced by 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion.In V and D groups,0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide and 7 mg/kg diazoxide (in 1 ml of 0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide) were injected through the femoral vein at the onset of reperfnsion,respetively.In St group,Stattic was injected through the femoral vein 10 min before reperfusion,and the other procedures were the same as those in D group.The infarct size (IS) and myocardial apoptosis were detected by TTC staining and TUNEL,respectively.Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated.STAT3 mRNA expression in myocardial tissues was detected using RT-PCR.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of STAT3.Results Compared with S group,the IS and AI were significantly increased and the expression of STAT3 mRNA and phosphorylation of STAT3 were decreased in I/R group (P < 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the IS and AI were significantly decreased and the expression of STAT3 mRNA and phosphorylation of STAT3 were increased in D group (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in IS,AI,expression of STAT3 mRNA and phosphorylation of STAT3 between V group and St group (P >0.05).Compared with group D,the IS and AI were significantly increased and the expression of STAT3 mRNA and phosphorylation of STAT3 were decreased in St group (P < 0.05).Conclusion STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the reduction of myocardial I/R injury by diazoxide postconditioning in rats.

Key words:
STAT3 transcription factor;  Diazoxide ;  Myocardial reperfusion injury;  Apoptosis


The results obtained in evaluating the efficiency of a Neuro-Fuzzy System NEFCLASS (Neuro-Fuzzy Classification) in image classification of cattle tuberculosis, based on its texture features extracted using the wavelet transform are presented. For testing, images of animal tissues diagnosed with tuberculosis were used, as provided by the Tuberculosis Laboratory at the Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing systems for diagnosis aimed at reducing human effort, by automating all or parts of the classification of images, helping lab technicians to sort amongst different pathologies.


Bat-to-horse transmission of Hendra virus has occurred at least 14 times. Although clinical signs in horses have differed, genome sequencing has demonstrated little variation among the isolates. Our sequencing of 5 isolates from recent Hendra virus outbreaks in horses found no correlation between sequences and time or geographic location of outbreaks.


In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and estimate the macroeconomic forecasting for Pakistan and its major twelve trading partners for the period of 1995Q1 to 2012Q4, using Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) Model. The key feature of GVAR model is to capture the independence and co-movement across countries. Secondly, it provides better forecasting performance. The GVAR model is estimated for twelve trading economies. During estimation, Pakistan economy is treated as single and domestic economy, whereas the other trading partners are treated as foreign economies. The important findings of this study are that the GVAR forecasts better than the VAR forecasts in most of the cases. Second, the foreign real GDP and foreign inflation rates are reflecting the significant impact of their domestic counterparts of Pakistan real GDP and inflation


A new trust-region method is proposed for symmetric nonlinear equations. In this given algorithm, if the trial step is unsuccessful, one line search will be used instead of repeatedly solving the subproblem of the normal trust-region method. Moreover, the global convergence is established under mild conditions by a new way. The quadratic convergence of the presented method is also proved. Numerical results show that the method is interesting for the given problems.


This paper reports a research developed in the graduate program in civil engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. This research proposes a web evaluation system called GPA REDE – Assessment Parameter Generator for Web (CARVALHO-DA-COSTA, 2000). GPA REDE also allows a development of students portfolios, which shows test results, teacher feedback and students reflections. The theoretical framework rests on constructivism principles: student active participation, self evaluation, learning to learn, to provide a path into the subject based on the learners' previous knowledge. The work has been development using dynamic pages in a web site to access questions database edited in Microsoft Access. In order to verify the funcionality of the tools developed, GPA REDE wastested with students.


Nickel sulphate hexahydrate (NSH) crystal is known to be an excellent material for UV light band-pass filter applications. In this research work, good quality and enhanced size of NSH single crystal has been effectively grown by implementing Sankaranarayanan—Ramasamy (SR) method. After a prolonged period of 185 days, a fine quality of transparent as well as improved size single crystal of NSH with dimension 220 mm in length and 12 mm in diameter has been successfully harvested. The grown crystal has been subjected to various characterizations as that of single crystal x-ray analysis to confirm the crystal system with unit cell parameters, UV–Vis analysis to know the transmission spectrum, FTIR spectral analysis to find out the functional groups and photoluminescence study to affirm the green emission of the crystal. NSH crystal falls into the category of soft material as identified by microhardness study and etching study confirms that it has good quality as the surfaces are almost free of defects. Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been utilized to find the thermophysical parameters. The resultant value of thermal diffusivity is compared with few other familiar nonlinear optical materials such that it is asserted by the observed superior value of NSH single crystal that it is an added advantage for band-pass filter and harmonic generation applications.


This study was undertaken to determine the effect of thia bendazole and haloxon on the free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus and to determine the suitability of the free-living stages for their use in primary drug evaluation for chemotherapy or for chemical control of free-living stages. Cleaned unembryonated ova, embryonated ova, first-, second-, third-, and exsheathed third-stage larvae were exposed to suspensions of 5.0%, 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.12%, 0.05%, and water soluble concentra tions of each drug for exposure times of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 hours at pH 7.0 and 25°C. Survival was assessed by observing any subsequent development or motility. Thiabendazole was partially ovicidal to unembryonated ova at water soluble levels and after exposure of only 15 minutes. Exposure of longer than 4 hours was 100% lethal. No other stages were effected by thiabendazole. Haloxon wa ·neffective against all stages tested.


This paper presents a detailed description of NCTU's proposal for learning-based image compression, in response to the JPEG AI Call for Evidence Challenge. The proposed compression system features a VVC intra codec as the base layer and a learning-based residual codec as the enhancement layer. The latter aims to refine the quality of the base layer via sending a latent residual signal. In particular, a base-layer-guided attention module is employed to focus the residual extraction on critical high-frequency areas. To reconstruct the image, this latent residual signal is combined with the base-layer output in a non-linear fashion by a neural-network-based synthesizer. The proposed method shows comparable rate-distortion performance to single-layer VVC intra in terms of common objective metrics, but presents better subjective quality particularly at high compression ratios in some cases. It consistently outperforms HEVC intra, JPEG 2000, and JPEG. The proposed system incurs 18M network parameters in 16-bit floating-point format. On average, the encoding of an image on Intel Xeon Gold 6154 takes about 13.5 minutes, with the VVC base layer dominating the encoding runtime. On the contrary, the decoding is dominated by the residual decoder and the synthesizer, requiring 31 seconds per image.


In this study, we have investigated bulk viscous with strange quark matter attached to the string cloud for higher dimensional Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in Lyra geometry. By using varying deceleration parameter and conservation equations we have solved Einstein Field Equations (EFE's) and obtained generalized exact solutions for our model. Also we have found that string is not survived for bulk viscous with strange quark matter attached to the string cloud in framework higher dimensional FRW universe in Lyra geometry. This result agrees with Kiran and Reddy, Krori et al, Sahoo and Mishra and Mohanty et al. in four and five dimensions.


Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is caused by different genomic alterations, all related to the inactivation of paternally expressed genes in human chromosome region 15q11-q13. This genetic condition appears not to be inherited, with an incidence of 1 in 25,000 births and a population prevalence of 1 in 50,000, with no differences due to gender nor ethnicities. Due to the fact that PWS is considered a rare disease, often its correct diagnose is delayed many years due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of its etiology by physicians at medical centers, in addition to the presence in this disease of signs and symptoms common to other syndromes, creating an additional challenge which may worsen the prognosis of these individuals. In the present report we describe the case of a 22-year-old Spanish woman, diagnosed with PWS with a genetic study performed at the age of 7, even though the patient had shown the characteristic signs and symptoms of this syndrome since birth. We describe here the different phenotypes associated towith this condition at the different ages, its clinical and genetic diagnosis, and current therapeutic approaches. With the intention of giving visibility to this Syndrome, we have also created a medical documentary entitled "Sindrome Prader-Willi" that can be seen in you tube at https://youtu.be/TJPTtKanRkw.


By introducing IPSec and PPTP protocol agreement,describes the characteristics of the basic functions of VPN(virtual private network), on this basic, with examples, given VPN solutions for implementing internet connection between different campus and remote access in university.


The least skew-ring congruence on E-inversive E-semiring is described,and the structure of a class of E-inversive E-semiring is obtained,which is the subdirect product of distributive lattice and skew-ring.


There has been a steady rise in the prevalence of dementia all over the world. Our understanding of the illness, as well as its etiopathology, has also improved. Dementias due to degenerative and vascular pathology form the most common types of dementias resulting in cognitive impairment. However, these conditions usually lead to irreversible impairment and cause significant morbidity and mortality among patients. On the other hand, there is a group of conditions among elderly, where dementia follow a reversible course provided these conditions are picked and managed early. Few common causes of reversible dementias are Vitamin B12 deficiency, normal pressure hydrocephalus, thyroid dysfunction, anticholinergic medications, depression, etc. This review will discuss all these conditions with reference to their presentation, diagnosis, and management.


In order to diagnose single soft fault in analog circuit, the particle swarm neural network was applied to fault diagnosis of analog circuit. The particle swarm neural network training process was divided into two steps. Firstly, BP network weights and threshold values as the position vector of the particle, used PSO algorithm searches for a near-optimal position vector as BP neural network initial weight values and thresholds. Secondly, used the BP algorithm to further optimization based on the initial weights and thresholds, got the optimal network weights and threshold value. The training method can improve the convergence accuracy and learning speed of the network training. The simulation results show that this diagnostic method can effectively achieve the accurate diagnosis of analog circuit soft fault.


Emphysema, a major consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by the permanent airflow restriction resulting from enlargement of alveolar airspace and loss of lung elasticity. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) signalling regulates the balance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) to control matrix homeostasis. Patients with COPD have dysregulated TGFβ signalling and reduced histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity through epigenetic up‐regulation of histone acetylation in the promoters of pro‐inflammatory genes. However, the potential link between decreased HDAC activity and dysregulated TGFβ signalling in emphysema pathogenesis remains to be determined. Prothymosin α (ProT), a highly conserved acidic nuclear protein, plays a role in the acetylation of histone and non‐histone proteins. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ProT inhibits TGFβ–Smad signalling through Smad7, thereby contributing to emphysema pathogenesis. We show that ProT enhances Smad7 acetylation by decreasing its association with HDAC and thereby down‐regulates TGFβ–Smad signalling. ProT caused an imbalance between MMP and TIMP through acetylated Smad7 in favour of MMP expression. In addition to interfering with R‐Smad activation and targeting receptors for degradation in the cytoplasm, acetylated Smad7 potentiated by ProT competitively antagonized binding of the pSmad2/3–Smad4 complex to the TIMP‐3 promoter, resulting in reduced TIMP‐3 expression. These effects were detected in ProT‐over‐expressing cells, lungs of ProT transgenic mice displaying an emphysema phenotype and in emphysema patients. Importantly, increased Smad7 and reduced TIMP‐3 were found in the lungs of emphysema patients and mice with cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐induced emphysema. Such effects could be abrogated by silencing endogenous ProT expression. Collectively, our results uncover acetylated Smad7 regulated by ProT as an important determinant in dysregulated TGFβ signalling that contributes to emphysema pathogenesis. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The incorporation of [carboxy-14C] acetate into fatty acids by rat-liver slices in vitro was studied by Bloch & Kramer (1948), who showed that the rate of incorporation was increased by pyruvate and still further enhanced if insulin was present as well. The insulin effect was, however, not seen if glucose replaced pyruvate, nor did it occur in acetate alone. Later, Bloch (1948) reported that these results could not be reproduced regularly with other strains of rats, and he concluded that further work was necessary before the general significance of this insulin effect, believed to be particularly related to the utilization of pyruvate for fatty acid synthesis, could be evaluated. Following upon. this work we were able, by using lactating mamary gland tissue of the rat, which is an eminently favourable medium for the study of in vitro fat synthesis (Folley & French, 1949a, 1950), to demonstrate a marked stimulating effect of insulin upon in vitro fat synthesis in this tissue in mixtures of acetate and glucose, as judged by respiratory data and acetate uptake (Balmain, French & Folley, 1950). A definite but less marked effect was observed in glucose alone. Our results thus differ in certain respects from those of Bloch & Kramer (1948)asdotherecent resultsofBrady& Gurin (1950), who have reported that insulin increases the incorporation of 14C into long-chain fatty acids by ratliver slices in presence of methylor carboxyllabelled acetate alone, but not in acetate plus pyruvate. In this paper we report further observations upon the stimulating action of insulin in vitro on fat synthesis by lactating mammary gland slices. The phenomenon has now been studied in mammary tissue from the mouse, rabbit and ewe, as well as more extensively in tissue from the rat, especially in relation to the functional state of the mammary gland. The important question of the mechanism of this remarkable in vitro insulin effect has also been considered in a preliminary way. The active mammary gland normallysecretes large quantities of neutral fat in the form of glycerides, and it would therefore appear that the problem of the net fat synthesis which mammary gland slices are clearly capable ofeffecting in vitro under suitable conditions (Folley & French, 1950) is essentially a problem of glyceride formation rather than merely of fatty acid synthesis. That being so, the question ofthe origin of the glycerol must be taken into consideration, and the possibility of the availability of glycerol being critical for the synthesis of neutral fat, and at one remove of fatty acids, in mammary tissue, naturally arises. In view ofthe possibility that the stimulating action of insulin on fat synthesis in this tissue, demonstrated by the present work, might, partly at any rate, be connected with the regulation of the supply of glycerol, we have studied the effects of the addition of glycerol on the respiratory metabolism and acetate uptake of lactating mammary tissue. Some ofthis work has already been communicated in preliminary form (Balnain & Folley, 1951).


Electrical equipment usually requires air cooling by fans, and it is important to detect early signs of fan deterioration. However, when using sensors to detect deterioration of fans in the real world, the sensor signal is often mixed with external noise. In this paper, we analyze the deterioration trends in the operating sounds of cooling fans actually used for 3 and 7 years in uninterruptible power supplies. Furthermore, we propose a deep learning-based method for noise-robust early detection of deterioration based on fan operating sounds called variational autoencoder-based deterioration estimation (VAE-DE). Existing anomaly detection methods based on autoencoders often react to external noise mixed into deterioration trend, which causes false positives. While another conventional method using variational autoencoders has the property of being robust against noise, it is not reactive to slight sound changes that accompany fan deterioration. If a deterioration trend is known, noise-robust early detection of deterioration can be achieved through learning using a loss function that includes a term for separation from normal sounds. Experiments investigating deterioration sounds in a fan showed changes in latent variables for early deterioration sounds and corresponding increases in the anomaly score. We also show that anomaly scores can be robustly estimated even in the presence of noise. The results reveal that the proposed method performs better than conventional methods.


Background The use of a placebo thumb base splint in an osteoarthritis trial is novel and may help identify specific and non-specific effects of hand splinting. This study aimed to explore the thoughts and feelings of trial clinicians who would be delivering a placebo splint to understand their perspective and to identify how these feelings may affect them personally, professionally and practically. Methods Three senior Occupational Therapists selected from a purposive sample of trial collaborators participated in a focus group interview. Structured questions were used to elicit debate and discussion and three designs of placebo splint developed for this trial were available for consideration. The 60-min audio recorded focus group was transcribed verbatim, validated and underwent thematic analysis. Results Four main themes were identified; justification of placebo thumb splint use in this research, anxiety about causing of harm, preconceptions about thumb splint activity, and the practicalities of convincing placebo thumb splint delivery. This last theme was broken down into three sub-themes: anxiety about 'selling' the splint, the therapeutic relationship in splint delivery, and training requirements for splint delivery. Conclusions Clinicians have anxieties and practical concerns regarding delivering placebo splints in a clinical effectiveness trial for rehabilitation for thumb base osteoarthritis. Tailored support and training throughout all stages of trial delivery is required to ensure their ability to deliver the intervention in a rigorous, unbiased manner.


The aragonite and calcite speleothems of the Castanar de Ibor Cave show white and matt coatings that
formed by micritization and dissolution of the initial crystals. These processes are also recognised in the
inner part of the speleothems. Either in the inner or outher parts the result is the lost of brightness and
transparency of the speleothems. Petrographically these coatings are seen as lines of micrite liked to
dissolution processes that probably occurred because of the circulation of undersaturated fluids within
the cave. At the moment no organic structures have been recognised in relation to the micritizated areas,
indicating very probably that the process was inorganically driven.


Automated water quality monitoring stations play an important role in environmental management.Some issues with regard to the water supply station's operation were examined taking into account of expertise gained through running of automated water quality monitoring stations by Dongtai Environmental Monitoring Station.Views offered include to establish a scientifically-sound management procedure,ensure funding for operations,encourage application of the data from automated water quality monitoring at grass-roots level stations and to forge the concept of emergency response and early warning.


1.0 If a subject demonstrates mastery of (I, S) and (S, I) objectives from the same cluster, where at least one of these objectives was acquired as a result of explicit instruction, he will master an (1, I) objective from the same cluster without explicit instruction. 2.0 If a student demonstrates mastery of (I, S) and (S, I) objectives from the same cluster, where at least one of these objectives was acquired as a result of explicit instruction, he will master an (S, S) objective from the same cluster without explicit instruction. 3.0 The order in which a subject acquires (I, S) and (S, I) objectives from a particular cluster will not significantly affect the implicit mastery of an (I, I) or (S, S) objective from the same cluster. 4.0 If a student acquires an (S, I) or (I, S) objective with explicit instruction, he will master both (I, I) and (S, S) objectives without explicit instruction. 5.0 If a subject demonstrates mastery of (E, S) and (I, S) objectives from the same cluster, where at least one of these objectives was acquired as a result of explicit instruction, he will master an (E, I) objective from the same cluster without explicit instruction. 6.0 If a subject demonstrates mastery of (E, S) and (I, S) objectives from the same cluster where at least one of these objectives was acquired as a result of explicit instruction, he will master an (I, E) objective from the same cluster without explicit instruction. 7.0 The order in which a student acquires (I, S) and (E, S) objectives from a particular cluster will not significantly affect the implicit mastery of an (E, I) or (I, E) objective from the same cluster. 8.0 If a student acquires an (I, S) or (E, S) objective with explicit instruction and masters a corresponding (E, S) or (I, S) objective from the same cluster without explicit instruction, he will master both (E, I) and (I, E) objectives.


One possible measure to increase the medial appeal of table tennis is to slow down the game by using bigger balls or higher nets. Usually, an empirical approach is followed to study the effect of such changes on the players and the game. In this work, a different approach is taken, namely solving numerically the equation of motion for table tennis balls for systematical, statistical studies of the impact of ball size and weight as well as of net height on the distribution functions of successful strokes. The analysis confirms the empirical observation that the change of the ball in the year 2000 from a 38-mm to a 40-mm-ball can be compensated with other parameters such that their resulting trajectory distribution functions are nearly identical. This was also observed in reality, where adaptation of the player's technique compensated the larger ball size. A larger ball of 44 mm with small weight is one option for suppressing high velocities, coupled also to a reduction of the influence of spinning. As an alternative an increase of the net height is possible. A small increase of the net height could be one future option, where the basic character of the game is not strongly modified, but especially the influence of the service could be reduced.


Let $\text{H}$ be a subgroup of some locally compact group $\text{G}$. Assume that $\text{H}$ is approximable by discrete subgroups and that $\text{G}$ admits neighborhood bases which are almost invariant under conjugation by finite subsets of $\text{H}$. Let $m:\text{G}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ be a bounded continuous symbol giving rise to an $L_{p}$-bounded Fourier multiplier (not necessarily completely bounded) on the group von Neumann algebra of $\text{G}$ for some $1\leqslant p\leqslant \infty$. Then, $m_{\mid _{\text{H}}}$ yields an $L_{p}$-bounded Fourier multiplier on the group von Neumann algebra of $\text{H}$ provided that the modular function ${\rm\Delta}_{\text{G}}$ is equal to 1 over $\text{H}$. This is a noncommutative form of de Leeuw's restriction theorem for a large class of pairs $(\text{G},\text{H})$. Our assumptions on $\text{H}$ are quite natural, and they recover the classical result. The main difference with de Leeuw's original proof is that we replace dilations of Gaussians by other approximations of the identity for which certain new estimates on almost-multiplicative maps are crucial. Compactification via lattice approximation and periodization theorems are also investigated.


The present invention is 4,4'-diphenyl methane di-mixed and 17 to 25 mol% of the at least one diisocyanate containing isocyanate 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is reacted with a polyol to obtain a prepolymer that the method for producing a polyurethane-urea elastic yarn comprising the step, and about the polyurethane-urea elastic fiber produced thereby, and a polyurethane-urea elastic live radiation workability according to the present invention, excellent and improved yarn uniformity, low temperature has excellent thermal advantages sets castle. Status of the polyurethane-urea elastic fiber, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polytetramethylene ether glycol, the heat set property, edge curling, fabric (touch)


Miscanthus is a major bioenergy crop in Europe and a potential feedstock for second generation biofuels. Thermochemical pretreatment is a significant step in the process of converting lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. In this work, microwave energy was applied to facilitate NaOH and H 2 SO 4 pretreatments of Miscanthus . This was carried out at 180 ℃ in a monomode microwave cavity at 300 W. Our results show that H 2 SO 4 pretreatment contributes to the breakdown of hemicelluloses and cellulose, leading to a high glucose yield. The maximum sugar yield from available carbohydrates during pretreatment is 75.3% (0.2 M H 2 SO 4 20 Min), and glucose yield is 46.7% under these conditions. NaOH and water pretreatments tend to break down only hemicellulose in preference to cellulose, contributing to high xylose yield. Compared to conventional heating NaOH/H 2 SO 4 pretreatment, 12 times higher sugar yield was obtained by using microwave assisted pretreatment within half the time. NaOH pretreatments lead to a significantly enhanced digestibility of the residue, because the effective removal of lignin and hemicellulose makes cellulose fibres more accessible to cellulases. Morphological study of biomass shows that the tightly packed fibres in the Miscanthus were dismantled and exposed under NaOH condition. We studied sugar degradation under microwave assisted H 2 SO 4 conditions. The results shows that 6-8% biomass was converted into levulinic acid (LA) during pretreatment, showing the possibility of using microwave technology to produce LA from biomass. The outcome of this work shows great potential for using microwave in the thermo-chemical pretreatment for biomass and also selective production of LA from biomass.


Soil moisture is a very important variable in hydrologic cycle and exchange of matter and energy near ground boundary. It was investigated by the means of remote sensing due to a number of reasons. In this study, under experimental conditions, relationship between hyperspectral data and soil surface moisture has been investigated. Correlation between soil surface moisture for nine soil samples and four sets of spectral data of them (prototype reflectance, absorbance, the first-order derivative of reflectance and the first-order derivative of absorbance) was analyzed. We found that it has no obvious correlation between soil surface moisture and prototype reflectance and absorbance for all samples, while absorbance has higher correlation than reflectance. The first-order derivative of reflectance and the first-order derivative of absorbance have the obvious correlation near wavebands 1844 nm, and the first-order derivative of absorbance reflectance has more obvious correlation than the first-order derivative of reflectance. We choose these bands with high square of correlation coefficient to creat liner regression forecasting equation. Another nine soil samples were used to verify the precision of estimation equation. Results show that the first-order derivative of absorbance has the capability to estimate soil surface moisture of the four sets of data. It shows the great potential to estimate soil surface moisture within a large area for different soil types.


Objective:To investigate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells on dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells(DC-CIK) from peripheral blood in gastric cancer xenograft model.Methods: The BALB/c nude mice inoculated with gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were used as animal model.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy human.The experiment were divided into two groups: DC-CIK cells group(conventional mononuclear cells were induced to DC-CIK cells) and DC-CIK-Treg/del cells group(the peripheral mononuclear cells depleting CD4+ CD25 + regulatory T cell by+ immunomagnetic beads sorting were induced to DC-CIK cells).The cells phenotype were detected with flow cytometry;the antitumor activity of the DC-CIK cells in vivo were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice.Results: The cell proliferation of DC-CIK-Treg/del group is higher than the DC-CIK group,The levels of CD3+CD56+ were significantly increased in DC-CIK-Treg/del group after 15 days in DC-CIK culture(P0.05);DC-CIK cells had a stronger suppressive effect on tumor growth in nude mice bearing subcutaneous in vivo.The infusion of DC-CIK cells inhibited the growth of tumor cells inoculated in the mice.The tumor inhibition was significantly higher in the DC-CIK-Treg/del group than the DC-CIK group(P0.05).Conclusion: DC-CIK cells are immunocompetent cells which have a stronger suppression against growth of tumor in vivo.CD4+ CD25 + regulatory T cell with immunosuppressive fuction in DC-CIK cells could reduce the antitumor effect and removal of CD4+ CD25 + regulatory T cell could enhance the body's anti-tumor effect,which provide a practical method for the effective immunotherapy of tumor.


The screening nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria from the activated sludge is fixed by PVA-boric acid-embedded.The living sewage is processed by nitrification-denitrification technology.The results show that ammonia removal efficiency reached more than 96%,when the wastewater ammonia concentration was 45 mg/L,pH was 7.5,DO was 2.0 mg/L and the hydraulic retention time was 18 h.


Although Mukden cultures contained everything,its core is mainly manifested in the eight banners military culture,the eight banners literary culture,the eight banners education,imperial examination and Manchu culture as the center of multinational cultures assimilation.The paper focuses on the main connotations and features of Mukden culture in the Qing dynasty,as well as its status and influence in the North- East and even the whole country.


In view of the existing situation that some college journals are not in high quality, the essay points out the main causes: excessive journals, small circulation and incorrect orientation, etc. Measures to improve academic quality of journals are elaborated from several aspects, such as regulating the system of assessment and approval by some departments concerned,adhering to the right orientation, intensifying interior administration and strengthening the power of running a periodical.


ABSTRACT In recent years, a small but growing number of buildings designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright have been collected, moved and reconstructed by museums for exhibition. While those involved have done their best to mitigate the physical impact of relocation, the remaking of these buildings in new sites also brings an inevitable conceptual shift: a spatio-temporal gap between the 'original' building and its new life as an ostensible stage set on display. Nowhere is this staging more palpable than at Wright's reconstructed Imperial Hotel. Opened in 1923, the Imperial Hotel maintains an almost mythical presence in Wright's oeuvre, having famously survived the Great Kanto earthquake that decimated Tokyo. Yet, despite its fame, the hotel succumbed to the pressures of redevelopment and was demolished in 1968. Nearly a decade later, a reconstruction of the hotel's lobby and reflecting pool was opened at the Meiji-mura architecture museum as a much-diminished relic combining original salvage with extensive new construction. Through a formal examination of the exhibit, this article examines those questions of authenticity and staging that plague architectural reconstructions in museums. While such exhibits are often perceived as second-rate substitutes for the real thing, the set-like presentation of the reincarnated Imperial Hotel is argued here to instead highlight the inherent theatricality of Wright's design, which is arguably more apparent in the reconstruction than it ever was in the original.


An analysis of single-frequency records of type II solar radio bursts at 29 Mc/s has been made. Such characteristic features as harmonic structure and band splitting due to coronal magnetic fields have been identified. Calculations indicate that the shock fronts generating the type II bursts experience a deceleration as they move outwards. Existing theories have been used to estimate the magnetic field strengths, which come out to be of the order of 3-8 G at a height of 0·7 solar radius above the photosphere at the time of occurrence of these bursts.


:OBJECTIVE To study the in vitro antibacterial;acti on of baicalin in vitro. METHODS Using the test-bacterial isolated from clinic,minimal i nbibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactercidal concentration (MBC) of bai calin were observed. RESULTS MIC and MBC of baicalin were 40~640 times and 20~1280 times,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Baicalin was inhibitory drug an d bactericide on all test-bacterical in different extent,its antibacterial spec trum was wide,the anti-bacterial potency was high .


Taking the rubber torsion bushing of a certain type of all-terrain tracked vehicle as the research object,a theoretical model of torsional stiffness was proposed according to the non-linear characteristics of rubber components and structural feature of the suspension. Simulations were carried out under different working conditions to obtain root mean square of vertical weighted acceleration as the evaluation index for ride performance of the all-terrain tracked vehicle,with a dynamics model of the whole vehicle based on the theoretical model of the torsional stiffness and standard road roughness as excitation input. Response surface method was used to establish the parametric optimization model of the torsional stiffness. The evaluation index showed that ride performance of the vehicle with optimized torsional stiffness model of suspension was improved compared with previous model fromexperiment. The torsional stiffness model of rubber bushing provided a theoretical basis for the design of the rubber torsion bushing in light tracked vehicles.


Distantly supervised relation extraction (DSRE) is generally framed as a multi-instance multi-label (MI-ML) task, where the optimal aggregation of information from multiple instances is of key importance. Intra-bag attention (Lin et al., 2016) is an example of a popularly used aggregation scheme for this framework. Apart from this scheme, however, there is not much to choose from in the DS-RE literature as most of the advances in this field are focused on improving the instance-encoding step rather than the instance-aggregation step. With recent works leveraging large pre-trained language models as encoders, the increased capacity of models might allow for more flexibility in the instance-aggregation step. In this work, we explore this hypothesis and come up with a novel aggregation scheme which we call Passage-Att. Under this aggregation scheme, we combine all instances mentioning an entity pair into a "passage of instances", which is summarized independently for each relation class. These summaries are used to predict the validity of a potential triple. We show that our Passage-Att with BERT as passage encoder achieves state-of-the-art performance in three different settings (monolingual DS, monolingual DS with manually-annotated test set, multilingual DS).