MINI: The ability of PROMIS to capture disability from cervical sagittal malalignment is unknown. Correlations between PROMIS domains and legacy outcome metrics with cervical sagittal alignment parameters were analyzed. PROMIS domains correlated strongly with legacy outcomes and PROMIS Pain Intensity correlated with worsening sagittal alignment in patients with cervical sagittal deformity.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the ability of Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) assessments to capture disability related to cervical sagittal alignment and secondarily to compare these findings to legacy outcome measures.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
PROMIS is a validated patient reported outcome metric that is increasing in popularity due to its speed of administration relative to legacy metrics. The ability of PROMIS to capture disability from sagittal alignment and baseline health status in patients with neck pain has not been investigated.

METHODS
Patients presenting with a chief complaint of neck pain from December 2016 to July 2017 were included. Demographics and comorbidities were retrospectively collected. All patients prospectively completed the NDI, EQ-5D, VAS Neck, VAS arm, PROMIS Physical Function, PROMIS Pain Intensity, and PROMIS Pain Interference metrics. Cervical sagittal alignment parameters were measured on standing X-rays. The correlations between outcome measures, health status indexes, psychiatric diagnoses and sagittal alignment were analyzed.

RESULTS
226 patients were included. The sample was 58.4% female with a mean age of 55.1 years. In patients with neck pain, PROMIS Physical Function correlated strongly with the NDI (r = -0.763, p < 0.01), EQ-5D (r = 0.616, p < 0.01), VAS Neck pain (-0.466, p < 0.01) and VAS Arm pain (r = -0.388, p < 0.01). 177 patients (69.96%) were included in the radiographic analysis. 20.3% of the radiographic cohort had cervical deformity and in this group, less cervical lordosis correlated with PROMIS Pain intensity and EQ-5D but not NDI. In patients without cervical deformity, no outcome metric was found to correlate significantly with cervical alignment parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
PROMIS domains correlated strongly with legacy outcome metrics. For the whole cohort, sagittal alignment was not correlated with outcomes. In patients with sagittal cervical deformity, worsening alignment correlated with PROMIS Pain Intensity and EQ-5D but not NDI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.


6 When the boundary values of the variable are finite, it is not sufficient that the square of the absolute value of the eigenfunction should be integrable. The function itself must vanish at the limits. The function y and the integer v are characteristic of the equation in the interval from -o to + c. Since physical significance can only be attached to the interval-1 < t < + c, they are not the exact solutions of the physical problem. The correct eigenfunction would have the form F = y exp(2/4a) with the analytic expression for 5 quite different from that for y, since 5 = 0 at t = -1. However, because of the presence of the exponential factor in F even our inexact function involving y is very small at that point, namely, of the order of exp(1/4a), or only about e-25 times its equilibrium value. The corrections to the eigenvalues are of a correspondingly small order, i.e., very much smaller than any effects considered in this paper. Cf. the discussion in Pauling & Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Chap. X §35c, pp. 267-271. 7 The summation extends to v/2 when v is even and to (v -1) when v is odd. 8 It is to be stressed that the integral is an indefinite one. 9 The separation of certain expressions into partial fractions is an essential part of the calculations. The following formulas have been used throughout:


Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for gallstones. Because ofthe numerous advantages of open surgery, such as limited incisions, short hospital stay, no drainagetube and stomach tube use, fewer analgesic and fewer complications.Aims: This study aimed at determine the effectiveness of an educational program on nurses knowledgetoward pre and post-operative nursing intervention for patient with laparoscopic cholecystectomy; andidentify the relationship between study findings and selected variables (age, level of education, andyears of experience).Methods: A pre-experimental design one group (pre-post test) is conducted for the periods of December26th 2020 to Jun 1st 2021. The study is carried out at the at AL-Imam AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital inAL- Nasiriya city. By non-probability purposive sample is selected from nurses who in surgical wardsbefore and after implementing educational program, data were collected and analyzed through theapplication of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Findings indicate that nurses age at mean 24.2, (54%) females, (52%), nursing diplomagraduated (46.0%) have 1-5 years of experience and no participated in training sessions. Knowledgestatistically significance differences between pre and post -test for study group at (P < 0.05). There werestatistically significances differences between (level of educational, years of experience and number ofyears of work in surgical wards) and effectiveness of educational program among the two period (Preand Post-Test).Conclusion: More years of experience in training the staff nursing in surgical wards by local officialshelp raising professionals' nurses. Provide the health resources and exploiting young energies of nurseswhich indeed helps to develop their knowledge.


The invention relates to a circuit breaker (1) that is designed for multipolar release, if attached to further circuit breakers, by a catch element (2). According to the invention, the catch element (2) is configured, in terms of its function, as a double eccentric. One (3) of said eccentrics is impinged upon by a latch (5) when said latch falls of a trip lever (6) due to an unlatching by a work stroke of the latch. The other eccentric (4) moves and unlatches the trip lever (6) due to its work stroke. The trip lever (6) is stationarily mounted (8) and the latch (5) is movably mounted by accommodating in its movable latch seat (9) a coupling rod (10) that is coupled to a manual command organ (11).


Glycolaldehyde (purchased from Fluka, purity better than 99 %) at room temperature exists in the form of a dimer: 2, 5-dihydroxy-1, 4-dioxane. Two crystalline phases were first identified by Kobayashi et al. [1] by means of infrared and Raman spectra, and the assignment was tentative. Here the assignment of the spectra of two crystalline phases is presented and supported by normal coordinate analysis of dioxane and glyceraldehyde as well. Both dioxane and glyceraldehyde crystallize in the P21/n with Z=2 space group, and their low frequency Raman spectra dixplay six phonons below 150 cm-1. Comparing these spectra with low frequency Raman spectra of glycolaldehyde obtained in the 10 K - 300 K temperature interval, it seems plausible that the glycolaldehyde phase b is probably also from the P21/n class, with Z=2. On the other hand, the situation with the phase a is more complex: at 10 K there are as many as 18 phonons observed in low frequency Raman spectra. This would probably correspond better to the case Z=4, and due to bands overlap, only five bands seem to appear in the Raman spectrum at 295 K. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed in the study of glycolaldehyde polymorphs, and it happens that only one melting curve seems to be observed , even when different heating rates are used (2 K/min, 5 K/min and 15 K/min). X-ray diffractograms of powder samples a and b, on the other hand, show pronounced differences. 1. Y. Kobayashi, H. Takahara, H. Takahashi, K. Higasi, J. Mol. Struct. 32 (1976) 235.


The anisotropic two-point correlation function (2PCF) in a Hubble void model is computed by solving the perturbation equations on an LTB background. The resulting plots of the radial and transverse 2PCF are compared to a flat ΛCDM model.


The aim of this paper is to provide an integrated overview on data included in Causes of death and Road accidents Istat registers. All the data sources available for the surveillance of road traffic accidents have important limits, when taken separately. Therefore the integration of medical and non medical data is essential in order to build up a surveillance system so as to drive both preventive and repressive actions. Data integration, performed by record linkage techniques, focuses on the extension of information associated to each road accident. In particular, information on the circumstances of traffic accident and characteristic of roads and vehicles are linked to medical information on causes of death at individual level.


Marriage is a significant and valuable component of human life. Marital adjustment and sexual satisfaction have significant effects on the family and its members' physical-mental health. The present study was conducted to predict the marital adjustment, sexual satisfaction, and psychological well-being based on thought control strategies among teachers of Yasuj. This study is a fundamental research (also known as basic or pure research) conducted with a correlational design. The statistical population consists of all married teachers of Yasuj in 2016; according to the information obtained from the department of education, the statistical population is 2290 individuals. Given the high volume of the statistical population, the sample size of married teachers was reduced to 335 individuals by using Morgan table for sample size. The questionnaires used include Locke -Wallace Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (1959), Hudson's Index of Sexual Satisfaction (1981), and Carol Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (1989), and Thought Control Questionnaire by Wells and Davies (1994). The descriptive level includes tables of mean and standard deviation as well as frequency tables and diagrams of age, gender, educational level, and income. At the inferential statistics levels, Pearson's test and multiple regression test were used for investigating the hypotheses, analyzing the data, and answering the research questions. It is worth noting that all statistical calculations were conducted in SPSS-19. The findings of the present study indicated that there is a significant relationship among predicting marital adjustment, sexual satisfaction, and psychological well-being based on thought control strategies among teachers of Yasuj.


Thank you very much for reading a guide to european union funding for the voluntary sector. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this a guide to european union funding for the voluntary sector, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Objective To develop a reliable and valid instrument to assess suboptimal health status( SHS) in officer,we compiled a questionnaire with the characteristics of the army. Methods Focus group discussions,several rounds of Delphi expert consultation and a literature review provided the basis for the development of the questionnaire. Questionnaire validity and reliability were evaluated in a small pilot study and in a larger crosssectional study of 738 individuals. Analyses included tests for reliability and internal consistency,exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis,and tests for discriminative ability and convergent validity. Results The final questionnaire included 50 items on SHS in officer,and encompassed 4 subscales: the body condition,the energy situation,the emotions and mental status,the ability of communication and coordination. Cronbach's α of item-subscale were high( range 0. 71 to 0. 87). Split-half coefficient and stability coefficient range from0. 67 to 0. 75. Through factor analysis,there were 6 factors with the eigenvalue above 1,and the cumulative contribution rate was 87. 118%. Conclusion The scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring SHS in officer.


In this paper, we emphasize the unprecedented problems that the age of shallow knowledge offers. We investigate how navigating in the world of information and communication technology (ICT) innovations and influencing the spreading of memes are affecting those who make the decisions about how we should behave in the "ICT labyrinth". Drawing on the role of key influencers and communities of practice, we offer an alternative framework of emerging learning tools in the post-experiential informal learning ecosystem and investigate the ways of some implementations in corporate practice.


The COVID-19 public health crisis has accelerated the transformation of health systems to become more closely tied to citizens/patients and increasingly dependent on the provision and use of telehealth services. Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled telehealth systems (deployed in conjunction with AI systems) could facilitate the smart transformation of healthcare from a merely reactive system to a data-driven and person-centred system that provides remote health diagnosis, monitoring and treatment services, integrated real-time response solutions, as well as prospective insights. However, the realisation of these health-related benefits requires the processing of vast amounts of data concerning health. These operations and the use of new enabling technologies raises significant legal concerns and questions the applicability of existing/proposed legal concepts. For this reason, the research analyses the adequateness of EU privacy, data protection, data governance, AI governance and other regulatory rules in IoT-enabled (and AI-augmented) telehealth systems. In addition, the research aims to identify technical and organisational measures (best practices), which could facilitate the implementation of normative principles in these information systems in an effective manner.


Thomas (1) is correct that, when raising skin wheals prior to placing intravenous catheter needles, physiological saline with 0.9% benzyl alcohol is less painful than lidocaine or any other local anesthetic solution. But, the principal use of this solution as stated on the label is "to dilute and dissolve drugs" (see Fig. 1). If regional anesthesia is administered in the same area (operating theatre, induction room, etc.) where intravenous fluids are started, having physiological saline with 0.9% benzyl alcohol available may be dangerous. Diluting local anesthetic solutions with it has resulted in myelopathy (2). To conclude, a "brief burning and stinging" from lidocaine (1) or another local anesthetic solution when raising a skin wheal is preferable to neuropathy or myelopathy.


What makes the field of nuclear reactions with heavy-ions so rich is the fact that the nucleus presents both the degrees of freedom associated with the single particle motion and those associated with the strong surface vibrations and rotations. In the low energy regime (close to the Coulomb barrier) it is the interplay of these two kinds of degrees of freedom that governs the evolution of the reaction from the quasi-elastic to the more complex deep-inelastic and fusion regimes. The quasi-elastic reactions, where few quanta are exhanged between target and projectile, constitue the most important tools for nuclear structure and reaction dynamics studies [1].


Multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) is a clinical treatment based on the family that is intended for adolescents with addictive disorders (and behavioral disorders). Initially designed for the care of adolescents with substance use disorder (including cannabis), this therapy is just as relevant and effective for those with behavioral addiction, especially the problematic use of video games. The clinical picture presented in this article can also measure how the case conceptualization in terms of risk factors and protective factors is rich and essential for defining the various therapeutic objectives.


The invention discloses a realizing method for an MVR (multicasting virtual LAN registration) in a GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) system. An IGMP (internet group management protocol) and an MVR protocol are operated at an OLT (optical line terminal) side to manage multicasting information and user multicasting authority; simultaneously, the OLT collocates legal multicasting user information on an ONU (optical network unit) through an OMCI (optical network terminal management control interface). The OLT sends a multicasting data flow to the ONU through broadcasting GEMPort (GPON sealing mode port mark). The ONU carries out filtering, copying and VLAN switch on the downgoing multicasting data according to the multicasting information collocated by the OLT and sends thereof to each multicasting user. The method of the invention improves the integration and security of management, simplifies the design of ONU and simultaneously improves the operating factor of bandwidth.


Organic Animal Husbandry is the important part of sustainable development farming. This paper analysed the present situation and exised problems of development of Organic Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Province. Some suggestions was put forward combined with the relative theory.


This article reports on the results of a research project into the development activities undertaken during the launch of 132 new financial services in Greece. According to the results, business analysis and marketing strategy formation as well as launch are the stages of the new service development process which influence the success of a new service irrespective, for the most part, of the degree of innovativeness that characterizes it. The significance of the other three stages of the development process varies depending the degree of innovativeness that characterizes the new service and the type of objective (financial or not) that management considers in order to evaluate its actual performance.


The prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Malaysia is now rising as reported by several sources such as the mass media and Internet. In this study, the prevalence of HFMD in Johor is comprehensively studied using geospatial density and distribution techniques to assess the prevalence of HFMD in Johor. Three objectives were designed for this study. The first objective was to conduct a needs assessment for identifying the requirement of a geospatial database of HFMD prevalence at Johor. The second objective aimed to develop a geospatial database for Johor HFMD cases. The last, which is the third objective, was to analyze the prevalence of HFMD in Johor via geospatial density and distribution techniques using open source software. This study is significant in order to provide the information of HFMD prevalence to the Department of Health Johor. The result indicates that the disease can occur throughout the year, however it reaches peak in February and March, of which is during the dry season. Concurrently, the distribution of HFMD cases in Johor exhibited a clustered pattern., which most mean centres and standard deviation ellipses occurred at similar areas. The direction of the standard deviation ellipses also oriented towards the northwest of Johor. Furthermore, this study identified the most common areas for the prevalence of HFMD cases in Johor, which is Johor Bahru. As a conclusion, this study achieves the entire objectives. Therefore, this study is expected to assist the Department of Health Johor in order to fulfill their needs.


Some problems exist in the present performance reviews of teachers of colleges and universities,such as failure to separate the functions of different positions,lack of feedback and communication of performance,unscientific standard of performance reviews,etc.Therefore,we should transform the performance review into salary management,i.e.link performance review with salary.Then it requires deepening HR system reform,giving full play to the initiatives of the teachers,realizing scientific and standardized HR management,improving the system of position recruiting,performance review and subsidy distribution.


Forum non conveniens is used as a procedural tool whereby courts may refuse to take jurisdiction over legal matters. In aviation litigation, it can be applied to suits by foreigners for air accidents occurring overseas and having little or no connection to the United States. In the context of forum non conveniens, the term "lawfare" can be used to describe the way one country attempts to subordinate another country's laws. It seems appropriate to broaden the use of the term to include circumstances where that subordination infringes on a country's sovereignty, a violation of customary international law. This article traces the development of forum non conveniens lawfare for the past ten years by reviewing seminal cases, specifically Air France, Hosaka v. United Airlines, West Caribbean, and the recent decision from the Cour de Cassation, the highest court in France. First, a discussion of the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions explains the historical background and purpose of international law governing forum non conveniens issues. The way courts use forum non conveniens as a defense mechanism and how courts have defined the doctrine in the context of international aviation is reviewed, along with ways plaintiffs have tried to defeat forum non conveniens. Next, the Cour de Cassation's recent opinion in West Caribbean and the sovereignty issues it creates is examined. The article concludes with a discussion of the current state of forum non conveniens and the need for policy for applying forum non conveniens in suits by foreigners in U.S. courts for air crashes occurring abroad.


Objective: 1) Report the incidence of complications and feeding outcomes in salvage laryngectomy performed with free tissue transfer compared to primary closure. 2) Evaluate factors that may be associated with an increased rate of complications. Method: Retrospective case series from a single institution between 2007 to 2012. Thirty-two patients met the following inclusion criteria: patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy with primary wound closure (16 patients) and those patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy with wound closure augmentation by microvascular free tissue transfer (16 patients). Results: We performed a retrospective case series comparing complications in salvage laryngectomy closed primarily vs repair with free tissue transfer. Smoking status at surgery was similar between the 2 groups. In the primary closure group we report major fistula in 37.5%, minor fistula in 19%, dysphagia requiring dilatation in 25%, and feeding tube dependence in 14% of patients. In the free tissue transfer group we report major fistula formation in 12.5%, dysphagia requiring dilatation in 12.5%, and feeding tube dependence in 8% of patients. Minor fistula did not occur in the free tissue transfer group. Conclusion: Multiple factors were compared and preliminary data suggests that free tissue transfer reduces major and minor fistula rates. Additionally, fewer patients required dilatation and fewer patients were feeding tube–dependent in the free tissue transfer group. Formal statistical analysis will be performed.


This study examined the capability of livestock producers and growers to make visual estimates
of manure application rates. Manure spreader calibration was demonstrated to 101 farmers at 6
field days. At the beginning of each field demonstration, participants were asked if they had even
seen this demonstration before, their occupation and their estimate of manure application based
on their experience. Of the 101 participants 13% estimated at or near the actual application rate.
Some (22%) estimated high application rates with 2 estimating four times the actual application
rate. Most (65%) underestimated the manure application rate with 50% estimating less than onehalf
the actual application rate. If relying on visual estimates, 50% of the livestock producers and
growers surveyed would have applied twice the desired application rate. The tendency to
underestimate manure application and therefore over-apply manure reinforces the need to
calibrate spreading equipment as a part of a manure management plan.


Algorithms are presented for encoding and decoding strings of characters as real binary fractions, using registers of fixed precision. The encoding is left to right and does not require blocking. The algorithms have storage requirements O(N) and computation time O(n \log_{2}N) for string length n and alphabet size N .


The invention discloses a method for preparing a low-load noble metal catalyst. According to the method, carbamide is used as precipitant, citrate is used as a modifier, and noble metal is uniformly loaded onto metallic oxide (MOx) at the room temperature. The method is easy and convenient, preparation can be completed at the room temperature, strict control over the pH value of a reaction solution is not needed, time needed by the preparation process is short, and large-scale production is facilitated. The effective load rate of noble metal in the load catalyst prepared through the method reaches over 90%, and the noble metal is dispersed on the surface of a carrier, wherein the nano-particle height of the noble metal ranges from 1 nm to 6 nm. The obtained noble metal catalyst with the load being 1 wt% or below has excellent low-temperature oxidation-reduction quality, formaldehyde can be catalyzed by the noble metal catalyst to be completely oxidized into CO2 and H2O at the room temperature, as a result, the requirement that the formaldehyde is catalyzed and removed at the room temperature is met, and catalyst cost is lowered at the same time.


List of tables List of figures Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1. Family reconstitution and the historical study of demographic behaviour 2. The source and the sample Part II. Mortality: 3. Infant and child mortality: levels, trends and seasonality 4. Infant and mortality: socio-economic and demographic differentials 5. Maternal mortality Part III. Family Formation: 6. Marriage 7. Marital dissolution and remarriage 8. Illegitimacy 9. Bridal pregnancy and prenuptial births Part IV. Marital Reproduction: 10. Trends in marital fertility and underlying natural fertility components 11. From natural fertility to family limitation 12. Starting, stopping, spacing and the fertility transition Part V. Interrelationships in Demographic Behaviour: 13. Family size, fertility and nuptiality interrelationships 14. Child mortality and reproductive behaviour Part VI. Conclusion: 15. Population dynamics of the past: summing up Appendices Bibliography Index.


The article is devoted to the comprehension of the problem of manifestation of personal vitality and its manifestations in difficult life situations, presented in the works of various researchers-psychologists. Vitality is seen as the ability to cope with one's own life, the result of positive adaptation despite adverse conditions and / or dangerous circumstances. Vitality is characterized by a combination of social and intrapsychic processes that allow a person to be healthy in an unfavorable environment. The manifestation of a person's ability to cope with difficult circumstances, unfavorable life situations is influenced by various factors, including the possibility / impossibility of productive self-expression, sufficient involvement / non-involvement in taking care of oneself and important life processes, searching and finding a solution to the problem of lack of motivation, openness / closeness, awareness / lack of awareness, etc. An essential point in the development of a person's vitality is the provision of the necessary specially organized psychological assistance aimed at optimizing the client's self-esteem, developing his assertiveness, sense of humor, flexibility, creativity, motivational-semantic sphere and reflective culture.


In pursuing the investigation of the crystalline constituents of opium, which formed the subject of a previous communication to this Society, I have succeeded in obtaining from the same mother liquor which formed the raw material of my previous researches, a considerable quantity of papaverine, the base recently detected by Merck, and of meconine, the indifferent crystallizable substance discovered by Couerbe in the year 1830. The former was encountered quite unexpectedly in the precipitate from which narcotine and thebaine were prepared by the process described in the first series of these researches. The latter was only obtained after many fruitless trials, in which I was induced to persevere by the desire of comparing it with the substance discovered by myself among the products of the decomposition of narcotine by nitric acid, and described under the name of opianyl. The composition of that substance, as determined by my analyses, approximates very closely to that of meconine; and though the formula assigned to the former is double that obtained by Couerbe from his analysis of the latter, the sole reason for adopting the higher atomic weight was, that the mode in which opianyl was obtained by the decomposition of narcotine, afforded satisfactory grounds for establishing its true constitution.


in the urine and a marrow aspirate, which demonstrated a decreased number of normal elements and an increased number of immature dysmorphic plasmocytoid cells, confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. A severe nail dystrophy affected finger and toenails. It consisted of brittleness, longitudinal ridging, splitting, and onychoatrophy, partial on some nails, complete on others (Figs t and 2).


AbstractThe construction industry has the highest number of casualties per accident, and workers at construction sites are vulnerable to accidents. Current research on unsafe behavior mainly focuse...


The critical comments by my fellow symposiasts on my book, Justice: Rights and Wrongs, have provided me with the opportunity to clarify parts of my argument and to correct some misunderstandings; they have also helped me see more clearly than I did before the import of some parts of my argument. In his comments, Paul Weithman points out features of the right order conception of justice that I had not noticed. They have also prodded me to clarify in what way rights are trumps; and both his comments and Bernstein's have prodded me to clarify certain aspects of the theistic account of human rights that I offered. Attridge's comments lead me to see that I was perhaps over-zealous in emphasizing the objective aspects of the semantic range of dikaiosune as used in the New Testament and downplaying the subjective aspects. And O'Donovan's comments have provided me with the opportunity to make clear that my account of rights is not an immunities account that presupposes nominalism, and to emphasize the ways in which it is not an asocial individualistic account.


Background: It is well known that left ventricular (LV) filling decreases on inspiration and increases on expiration; however, respiratory effects on diastolic function have not been fully investigated. Aim: This study attempted to provide further information on the precise diagnosis of LV diastolic dysfunction when taking respiration into account. Methods: Fifty‐one patients with systemic hypertension and impaired LV diastolic function and 33 normal subjects were recruited. Respiratory transmitral Doppler flow parameters and the early‐to‐late diastolic tissue velocity ratio of the mitral annulus (e/a ratio) of the septal wall were recorded. The validity of the reversal ratio of early‐to‐late peak flow velocity (E/A ratio) on inspiration and on expiration for diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction was compared. Results: The E velocity was much higher and its deceleration time was much shorter on expiration compared to that on inspiration, while the A velocity demonstrated no regular respiratory variations both in normal subjects and patients. Ten of the patients displayed a phenomenon characterized with an E/A ratio < 1 on inspiration and > 1 on expiration, eight of whom revealed abnormal LV filling by Tissue Doppler imaging. Conclusion: Respiratory effects on transmitral Doppler flow parameters raise the necessity of adjustment of the existing standard for precise diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction, while the characteristic phenomenon reported here indicates that reversal E/A value on end‐inspiration is a more sensitive and accurate indicator of abnormal LV diastolic function.


Eye-hand coordination abilities are an integral part of a Child's development. Eye-hand coordination is necessary for functional independence progress and its effects on the activity of daily living. This study is aimed at the effectiveness of coordination exercise on activity of daily living and the correlation between coordination exercise and activity of daily living. Total 20 children (7 Female, 13 Male) age group 10 to 15 years with different disabilities situated around Anand. Developmental Coordination Questionnaires (DCDQ) was used for assessment of coordination skill. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used for evaluating the activities of daily living. The coordination exercise program was effective for an activity of daily living in differently able children. Coordination exercise was positively associated with Activity of daily living. Coordination has an effect on Activity of daily living. After the coordination exercise program, the child improved his/her Coordination skill. Coordination exercises are effective on an activity of daily living in differently able children.


The synovium lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces of the synovial joints and provides nutrients to avascular structures like cartilage. Because RA is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects the synovium, it can be expected that examination of synovial tissue (ST) may provide insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, there has been an enormous upsurge in investigations of the pathological changes of synovium in …


This paper is concerned with the light source target design for vision-based blended wing body UAV recovery. A terminal guidance for the blended-wing UAV recovery relies on visual information from light source targets. The proposed target is designed to provide attitude and position of the blended wing UAV. HSI based segmentation is employed for the target detection. The performance of the proposed target design and detection algorithm is evaluated through ground experiments.


The process is provided for fabricating a MOSFET having isolation structure and being used in single scale integration. Wherein a process for fabricating a P-MOSFET: forming a first n-type well in a p-type substrate; forming a first p-type region in said first n-type well; forming P+-type drain region in said first p-type region; a p+-type source region and a n+-type contact region form a first source electrode; said first n-type well surrounds said p+-type source region and n+-type contact region. Wherein a process for fabricating an N-MOSFET comprises: forming a second n-type well in a p-type substrate; forming a p-type region in said second n-type well; forming n+-type drain region in said second n-type well; an n+-type source region and a p+-type contact region forming a second source electrode; said p-type region surrounds said n+-type source region and p+-type contract region; multi isolations region are formed in said p-type substrate for providing isolations between transistors.


Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is a well known strategy to diminish the standby current when the circuit is non operatory mode. However conventional MTCMOS strategies for limiting standby current can't be specifically utilized as a part of sequential circuit for two reasons (i) Present ground fluctuation noise during standby mode to dynamic mode move and (ii) Absence of information maintenance ability during standby mode. Here an analysis of ground fluctuation noise because of active mode move in sequential MTCMOS design is proposed. An inventive information saving MTCMOS configuration is proposed, which not only focusing on the lessening of peak amplitude of ground fluctuation noise during mode change will likewise give an approach to control the sub-threshold current in standby mode. The proposed MTCMOS design will have stepwise turning on capabilities and also an extra hardware to additionally decrease the quick current moving through high th V transistors during move from Dream mode to Dynamic mode. Its extra current control circuits give higher decrease in peak amplitude of ground fluctuations noise (up to 98.4%) when contrasted with other comparative techniques.


Abstract. We present the results of birch pollen characterization
using lidar and in situ measurements based on a 11 d pollination period
from 5 to 15 May 2016 at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
(EARLINET) station in Vehmasmaki (Kuopio; 62 ∘ 44 ′  N,
27 ∘ 33 ′  E), Finland. The ground-based multiwavelength
Raman polarization lidar Polly XT performed continuous measurements at
this rural forest site and has been combined with a Hirst-type volumetric
air sampler, which measured the pollen type and concentration at roof level
(4 m). The period was separated into two parts due to different atmospheric
conditions and detected pollen types. During the first period, high
concentrations of birch pollen were measured with a maximum 2 h average
pollen concentration of 3700 grains m −3 . Other pollen types
represented less than 3 % of the total pollen count. In observed pollen
layers, the mean particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 10±6  % during the intense birch pollination period. Mean lidar ratios were
found to be 45±7 and 55±16  sr at 355 and 532 nm,
respectively. During the second period, birch pollen was still dominant, but
a significant contribution of spruce pollen was observed as well. Spruce
pollen grains are highly nonspherical, leading to a larger mean
depolarization ratio of 26±7  % for the birch–spruce pollen mixture.
Furthermore, higher lidar ratios were observed during this period with
mean values of 60±3 and 62±10  sr at 355 and 532 nm,
respectively. The presented study shows the potential of the particle
depolarization ratio to track pollen grains in the atmosphere.


The pattern dependency of pure-boron (PureB) layer chemical-vapor Deposition (CVD) is studied with respect to the correlationbetween the deposition rate and features like loading effects, deposition parameters and deposition window sizes. It is shownexperimentally that the oxide coverage ratio and the size of windows to the Si on patterned wafers are the main parameters affectingthe deposition rate. This is correlated to the gas depletion of the reactant species in the stationary/low-velocity boundary layer overthe wafer. An estimation of the radius of gas depletion for Si openings and/or diffusion length of diborane in this study yield lengthsin the order of centimeters, which is related to the boundary layer thickness. The deposition parameters; pressure and flow ratesare optimized to minimize the pattern dependency of the PureB deposition rates. A very low standard deviation, less than 0.02, isachieved while at the same time making it independent of oxide coverage ratios and window sizes.© 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.024201jss] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted February 19, 2012; revised manuscript received April 12, 2012. Published July 17, 2012. This was Paper 862presented at the Seattle, Washington, Meeting of the Society, May 6–10, 2012.


A dual circulating fluidized bed reactor for chemical looping combustion of coal has the advantage of flexible regulation on oxygen carrier circulation, but there is always part of unconverted coal...


ABSTRACT This study evaluated the impact and acceptability of a three-hour bespoke training workshop for sports coaches and teachers to subsequently deliver a sport-for-health smoking prevention intervention in primary schools. Questionnaires were completed pre- and post-training by both teachers (N = 24) and coaches (N = 8), and post-intervention by teachers. Interviews were also conducted with coaches (N = 7) and teachers (N = 12). Both groups displayed a significant increase in intervention knowledge and delivery self-efficacy from pre- to post-training, which was maintained at post-intervention for teachers. Data suggest that a brief training workshop is acceptable to practitioners and fosters confidence to implement a sport-for-health smoking prevention program.


On a future tactical-battle field network, combat radio nodes will be deployed for various operations, forming a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). However, because of the nodes' mobility, a single group might be divided into several small groups with fewer nodes. Conversely, several small groups might be merged into one group. In such an environment, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) will provide an effective way to improve network coverage and connectivity among the small groups. However, some issues should be considered for the optimal deployment of the UAV. One issue is to find the proper position of the UAV, which enhances the connectivity among the groups, because a tactical network places a high priority on network survivability rather than throughput maximization. We also need to exploit real topographic information to obtain more accurate connectivity information among nodes. Second, an efficient resource allocation scheme for reliable communications through the UAV should be taken into account. Since most of the links between the UAV and the ground nodes are line-of-sight (LoS), due to the good quality of these links, the traffic via the UAV will be heavy in spite of the limited data slot resources. Moreover, the traffic flows of the network require diverse quality-of-service (QoS), and different priorities should be imposed upon the nodes depending on the involved tactical operations. In this paper, we formulate a UAV positioning problem maximizing group connectivity (GC) and a data slot-allocation problem maximizing GC utility. Subsequently, we propose an optimal positioning and slot allocation algorithm, which satisfies QoS requirement and supports the predetermined priorities of the nodes and the groups. Numerical analysis verifies that the proposed scheme is effective in UAV positioning and slot allocation, outperforming conventional methods.


The author recalls his experiences in Tanzania in 1973 when there was a critical need for improved health services with regard to apportioning health care resources among 17 regions and 41 districts. Expatriates worked hard to carry out the high priority projects. WHO officials also paid a 2-week visit and made some irrational suggestions to solve the health problems (hemoglobin electrophoresis to determine the extent of sickle cell anemia among the population and banning the use of high fluoride water). UNESCO also pitched in by suggesting the diversion of water from Lake Victoria for agricultural development conveniently disregarding the hazard of spreading Schistosoma hematobium. The most successful health care delivery programs originated locally and were instituted locally with the help of public or private organizations. The main problem in Tanzania is social because of insufficient places in schools and universities with only one place available for each 1000 young people who successfully graduate from high school thereby precluding the opportunity to get government jobs. All this happened after measles small pox and poliomyelitis had been eradicated. These developing countries will not prosper until the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund decide to support local industries whereby people could improve their living conditions and contribute to the expansion of basic health services. Local experts must initiate proposals for private projects in public health that could enable them to carry out their tasks better.


Utilizing a unique dataset that follows the careers of all New York State public school teachers over the past twenty years, this paper asks: what is the typical career path of a teacher? How do career paths differ across schools and across teachers with different characteristics? And how do career paths contribute to the observed distribution of teachers across schools? Like other studies we find substantial turnover of teachers in the first few years of teaching. We find that some relationships have been quite stable over time, such as higher quit rates of teachers from more selective colleges. However other relationships have changed including the age of entry into teaching and the quit rates in urban vs. suburban schools. Our results demonstrate the importance of the initial matching of teachers to schools in determining the distribution of teacher qualifications across schools both within regions and between regions and the importance of transfers in the disparities within regions. While quit behavior sometimes contributes to the systematic differences it is of secondary importance. We'd like to thank Ron Danforth, Edith Hunsberger and Charles Mackey of the New York State Department of Education for assistance with the data. We are also grateful to the Smith Richardson Foundation, the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, and the New York State Department of Education for financial support. Funders do not necessarily support the views expressed in this paper. All errors are attributable to the authors. Questions and comments should be addressed to Susanna Loeb at email@example.com or at 224 CERAS, 520 Galvez Mall, Stanford, CA 94305.


Through its focus on shape-shifting, this paper emphasizes the connection between medieval romance and the Harry Potter series. While all the novels of the series thus far include shape-shifting in some manner, The Prisoner of Azkaban centralizes the motif through its Animagi characters, Sirius Black, James Potter, and Peter Pettigrew, and its werewolf figure, Remus Lupin. The following discussion of Rowling's rewriting of the traditional archetypes of the werewolf and the black dog (or the Grim) focuses primarily on the werewolf because of its position, both in literature and history, as a figure repeatedly ostracized by human communities, and unravels how Rowling undermines the outsider status of the werewolf. Rowling's rewriting of the werewolf archetype blurs the boundaries between the werewolf and the black dog, and simultaneously challenges their literary and folkloric antecedents through an associated construction of interlaced communities. These communities not only provide a space within which the werewolf figure occupies an insider status, but they are also inextricably linked to Harry's insider-outsider status, his understanding of hierarchical divisions based on difference, and his developing sense of identity.


This research addresses the impact of New Federalism, as defined by the Reagan administration, on the ability of states to implement and administer a major national environmental program. Based on data collected from two national studies of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) program, the research seeks to link the sufficiency of initial state resources with the inclusion of private sector actors in CWSRF administrative structures. Both survey data and case study data support the hypothesis that states which lack resources to implement the CWSRF program rely more heavily on private sector actors in the decision making processes of the program. The paper explores the implications of this relationship, and suggests that the net result of New Federalism may not be a devolution of authority to state governments, but to private sector agents of the states.


(57) Abstract: Disclosed are each apparatus and method for detecting thermal interaction generated between the detector and the human body, physically Suitable methods measurement data, electrically components in the blood of a human, such as cholesterol, such as triglycerides, but may be allocated clearly to the ratio concentration of Gurukoze if specifically. For the apparatus respectively, at least one measuring unit, the electrical control, regulation, consisting Motomechi and read. Furthermore, the apparatus of the present invention allows for temperature measurement with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The method is non-invasive: it places the human body, specifically very suitable for contactless measurement of Gurukoze concentration in human blood.


In order to improve the accuracy of short-term traffic flow prediction, this paper focuses on the influence of road traffic status division on the accuracy of short-term traffic flow prediction. When dividing the road traffic status, the improved road load coefficient is adopted, and the kalman filter method and ARMA algorithm are selected to predict the short-term road traffic flow.


OBJECTIVE
To screen the proteins under regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor gene CCDC19 using proteomics technology in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODS
The cellular proteins were extracted from 3D8 NPC cells with CCDC19 overexpression and the control C6 NPC cells. Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis was employed to compare the protein expression profiles between these two cells, and the differential proteins were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting and database searching. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to validate the expression levels of the differential proteins.

RESULTS
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/time of flight showed that 3 differential proteins, namely FASN, CTSD and PGK1, were down-regulated by -3.28, -1.64, and -6.97 folds, respectively, which were confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blotting.

CONCLUSION
FASN, CTSD and PGK1 are probably the target proteins regulated by CCDC19 in NPC.


The article focuses on the opening of a performance art facility in Hudson, New York. It explains that the facility will also house the Marina Abramovic Foundation. The building, which was formerly a movie theater, is described and information about Abramovic is offered. The facility will include a library which archives performance art by Abramovic and others.


An effective strategy for improving problem-solving ability is fostering students' question-posing capabilities through the use of real-world problems. This article describes research on scientific question-posing capabilities among 10th-grade students who were studying air quality in a cooperative way, using the jigsaw method. Case studies and analyses of daily problems and dilemmas were integrated within the module the Quality of Air around Us, which was designed and developed specially for this research. The students were required to pose questions and cope with real-life problems while practicing a variety of learning activities, such as reading press or scientific articles, analyzing tables and graphs, and creating posters and advertisements that related to the problem. The students' question-posing skills were evaluated by using pre- and postcase study questionnaires. We found the number, orientation, and complexity of questions students posed to be three indices of question-posing capability. Following study of the Quality of Air around Us module, a significant increase was observed in the factors of number and complexity of questions students posed. The difference between students at high and low academic levels in the extent of increase in both number and complexity of posed questions was significant. As for orientation, the percentage of solution- and opinion-oriented questions increased in the posttest, and fewer questions dealt with the problem and related hazards. This indicates an increase in students' awareness of the need for and feasibility of seeking practical solutions to a given problem, as well as considerable improvement of their ability to analyze a related case study. On the basis of these findings, we recommend incorporating analysis of question-posing capability as an alternative evaluation method. To this end, fostering of question posing into the case study–based teaching/learning approach is the preferred strategy, in particular when environmental aspects are involved. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 411–430, 1999


Groupware research has long focused on representing gestures as a means to facilitate collaboration. However, this work has not led to wide support of gesturing in commercial groupware systems. In contrast, Dota 2, a popular MOBA game, provides two frequently-used gesturing tools: annotations - freely drawn lines on top of the gamespace - and pings - a combination of animation and sound indicating a point of interest. While gesturing tools are important for quickly coordinating with teammates in Dota 2, there is little information about how and why people use them. To gather this information, we performed two complementary studies: an interaction analysis of eight game replays, and a survey of 167 experienced players. Our findings include: six distinct motivations for the use of gesturing tools; when and how frequently gesture motivations occur during games; and, that players find pings an essential tool for winning, but not annotations. Our findings provide new directions for the design of gesturing tools in groupware and online games.


: In order to broaden the understanding of adaptation, one must examine the ways that texts are read, rewritten, and retold. The fluidity of the term allows us to discuss adaptations of fairy tales that transform the source text into something new that functions independently, even when, as is the case here, several adaptations of the same source text appear within a very short space of time. Modern retellings of fairy tales are related to specific contexts which are closely linked to the choice of a particular story (or a particular version of it), the neces-sity of retelling it at a given time, and the appeal of retelling the story in the way(s) it is retold (including mixing versions of the same tale or of similar tales). Snow White lends itself to an analysis of this phenomenon, as four adaptations appeared, all in 2012 and all as feature-length films: Tarsem Singh's Mirror Mirror , Rupert Sanders's Snow White and the Huntsman , Pablo Berger's Blancanieves , and Siegrid Alnoy's Miroir mon amour . Each of these films brings its own experimental quality to the remodelling of the tale. This article analyses the various creative techniques used by each of the directors, reflecting their cultural contexts as well as modern, global values and the evolving nature of adaptation.


Relationships among near set theory, shape maps and recent accounts of the Quantum Hall effect pave the way to quantum computations performed in higher dimensions.  We illustrate the operational procedure to build a quantum computer able to detect, assess and quantify a fourth spatial dimension.  We show how, starting from two-dimensional shapes embedded in a 2D topological charge pump, it is feasible to achieve the corresponding four-dimensional shapes, which encompass a larger amount of information.  This novel, relatively straightforward architecture not only permits to increase the amount of available qbits in a fixed volume, but also converges towards a solution to the problem of optical computers, that are not allowed to tackle quantum entanglement through their canonical superposition of electromagnetic waves.


This report presents the results of a series of optimal design studies of submersible hulls. In this design procedure the designer specifies the design parameters such as the operating depth, hull diameter, hull segment length, hull eccentricity (out-of-roundness), construction material properties, the factors of safety to be used in design, the maximum and minimum values permitted for the design variables, and, when required, a maximum (when external frames are used) or minimum (when internal frames are used) frame diameter. The synthesis procedure selects those values of the design variables, plating, frame web and frame flange thicknesses, frame flange width, and frame spacing that minimize the hull weight/weight displaced ratio while still satisfying all the design equations conventionally used in submersible hull design. These studies show that given a specific set of design parameters, the optimal weight/weight displacement ratio is independent of the diameter of the hull. Furthermore, the optimum hull dimensions are proportional to the hull diameter. The studies demonstrate that hull eccentricity can substantially increase weight. The most important failure mode was found to be shell (between frame) instability thus suggesting that high strength longitudinal stiffeners may be effective in submersible hull design. The effects of frame spacing and the use of high strength frame and plating materials on optimal design were also investigated.


One of the key obstacles of freight transportation planning is the lack of truck origin and destination (OD) trip matrices. The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is the only nationwide freight movement data collection effort of the past two decades. CFS provides freight movement information at the national, state, and at selected metropolitan area levels. Most of the CFS freight movement information is presented by commodity and mode of transport in terms of ton and value (dollars). To adapt CFS to freight studies at the State and Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) level however, additional efforts would be needed. It would be desirable that the freight flow information be converted to truck traffic in terms of number of trucks. This paper describes a new methodology for estimating truck load factor information from the truck weight information. This paper postulates that the truck gross operating weight distribution is composed of three normal weight distributions; those being: 1) empty trucks, 2) partial truckloads or "loaded to size limit" trucks, that is, a truck fully loaded with Styrofoam packaging material (full, but nowhere near the weight limit) and 3) "loaded to weight limit" trucks. The theoretical framework of the proposed methodology hinges largely on the maximum likelihood estimation of the mixture of normal distributions. Based on this methodology, truck gross operating weight distributions for combination trucks with three axles on the tractor and two axles on the semi-trailer (CS5 or 3S2) have been estimated for Iowa and New York. By using the observed "empty weight" distribution for empty trucks, the estimated truck "empty weight" distribution has been validated. A suggestion on how to use the truck load information is also presented.


Adaptive navigation support is a specific group of technologies that support user navigation in "virtual spaces" adapting to the goals, preferences and knowledge of the individual user. These technologies, originally developed in the field of adaptive hypermedia, are becoming increasingly important in several adaptive Web applications from Web-based adaptive hypermedia to adaptive virtual reality. This paper provides a brief introduction to adaptive navigation support, reviews major adaptive navigation support technologies, and presents a sequence of projects performed by our group to study adaptive navigation support in different contexts.


This study explored the relationship between employees' empowerment, service quality and customer satisfaction among the front office staff in hotels in Benin City, Nigeria. To achieve the stated objective, questionnaires was used to collect data from respondents.  Multiple regression analysis was used for the analysis of the data.  Findings revealed that two dimensions of employee empowerment had a positive, and non- significant relationship with customers' satisfaction. Regarding the strength of the relationship, the result showed that both structural and psychological dimensions had a positive, but not significant relationship. The result of the relationship between employee's empowerment, and service quality showed a positive and significant relationship. The study further showed a positive but not significant relationship between employee's empowerment, and customer's satisfaction. Positive and significant relationship also exists between service quality and customer's satisfaction. Based on these findings, the researchers suggested that authorities in charge of hotel industry in Benin City should structure their organisation to enhance intrinsic motivation of staff towards offering of quality service that could translate to customer satisfaction. Furthermore, it was suggested that emphasis on the right service culture, and organisational structure that promote meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact should be encouraged among the front office staff. Keywords: Employee empowerment, Customer's satisfaction, Structural empowerment, Psychological empowerment.


A majority of statistically educated scientists draw incorrect conclusions based on the most commonly used statistical technique: null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Frequentist techniques are often claimed to be incorrectly interpreted as Bayesian outcomes, which suggests that a Bayesian framework may fit better to inferences researchers frequently want to make (Briggs, 2012). The current study set out to test this proposition. Firstly, we investigated whether there is a discrepancy between what researchers think they can conclude and what they want to be able to conclude from NHST. Secondly, we investigated to what extent researchers want to incorporate prior study results and their personal beliefs in their statistical inference. Results show the expected discrepancy between what researchers think they can conclude from NHST and what they want to be able to conclude. Furthermore, researchers were interested in incorporating prior study results, but not their personal beliefs, into their statistical inference.


The purpose of this work is to determine the quality of wheat dough with the addition of rice flour-a by-product in the production of cereals.   The study revealed a pattern of changes in the physical and chemical properties of wheat dough with the addition of rice flour. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of the EKA-1000 improver increases the amount of rice flour introduced (15 % to the total weight of wheat flour) in the recipe, which reduces the cost of the finished product and increases the nutritional value of 1st grade wheat flour, which improves test quality.


A video laryngoscope was used to record the laryngeal activities of a well-known female poetry reader while reading portions of sample poetry. The recording was made on three different reading styles; regular, tuneful and affective tuneful reading. Salient acoustic features were investigated and compared on metrically prominent syllables of all the three reading styles on a separate cassette recording.  Interesting acoustic features observed in conjunction with varying laryngeal features are presented and discussed.


We study the dynamics of coherent waves in nonlinear honeycomb lattices and show that nonlinearity breaks down the Dirac dynamics. As an example, we demonstrate that even a weak nonlinearity has major qualitative effects on one of the hallmarks of honeycomb lattices: conical diffraction. Under linear conditions, a circular input wave packet associated with the Dirac point evolves into a ring, but even a weak nonlinearity alters the evolution such that the emerging beam possesses triangular symmetry, and populates Bloch modes outside of the Dirac cone. Our results are presented in the context of optics, but we propose a scheme to observe equivalent phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates.


Persistence consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) is mainly attributed with the development of hypercholesterolaemia, which served as the major factor for the development of atherosclerosis in the blood vessels. As the hypercholesterolaemia progress, hepatic manifestation will occur including non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Therefore, the vascular and hepatic system is the most affected organs when chronic hypercholesterolaemia developed. In the present study, we have adopted consistence consumption of HFD and synergic xenobiotic administration (Triton X-100- TX100) to induce hypercholesterolaemia. This study involved 30 (N) male Sprague Dawley rats aged 10 weeks that randomly assigned into five different groups (n=6), including baseline control (normal diet rat- BC) and hypercholesterolaemic groups (HG) that consist of negative control (HFD and TX100- NC), positive control (HFD, TX100 and Simvastatin- PC), EBN soup-treated group (HFD, TX100 and EBN soup- EBNS) and EBN extract-treated group (HFD, TX100 and EBN extract- EBNE). After 12 weeks, the rats were euthanized and liver and cranial thoracic aortic were collected and processed accordingly for histological evaluation (HE and moderately improved than NC group. Meanwhile, EBNS and PC showed great anti-sclerotic effect, while the EBNE had no effect in preventing atherosclerosis formation (equivalent with NC group). These findings suggested that EBNS have a good effect in slowing down hepatic changes and atherogenesis.


Timed input output automaton (TIOA) model has widely been used, over the last two decades, for testing time dependent systems. Consequently, several testing methods have been developed for generating test cases from TIOA. They all generate test cases from the entire specification in order to achieve certain fault coverage. However, in practice, the system requirements usually evolve throughout the lifetime of the system and the specifications are modified incrementally to accommodate these changes. Moreover, during system maintenance, designers usually change the specification of the given system due to fault detection, changes in user requirements, and/or system environment. This paper addresses incremental testing of TIOA specifications for minimizing the testing effort whenever the system requirements or the system environment change. The proposed method targets the test of only the modified parts of an evolving system while guaranteeing the same level of confidence as testing the entire specification.


Recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms were underlying the development of new potential molecular therapy targets,and together with the advances in biotechnology,increased the appeal and importance of various biomacromolecules such as DNA,RNA,peptides,proteins and their mimics as therapeutic agents.In order to exert their biological action,biomacromolecules had to be delivered into specific intracellular compartments usually.The requirement for cytoplasmic or nuclear delivery posed a major challenge for the development of effective intracellular therapies based on the use of high molecular weight drugs because of the hydrophobic nature of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell,which effectively restricted the free exchange of hydrophilic molecules between the cellular interior and the extracellular medium.There were a growing number of reports showing the usefulness of polypeptides for intracellular delivery of macromolecules.As the backbone of drug vectors,polypeptides played an important role in target delivery,endosome escape,and nuclear transport and so on.Applications of polypeptides delivery systems used in different areas such as vaccine development,cancer immunotherapy,gene delivery,and cellular imaging.


A singe-determinant open-shell formalism for complex molecular orbitals is developed. An iterative algorithm for solving the resulting secular equations is constructed. It is based on a sequence of similarity transformations and matrix triangularizations.


A fluid interpretation of Cardassian expansion is developed. Here, the Friedmann equation takes the form $H^2 = g(\rho_M)$ where $\rho_M$ contains only matter and radiation (no vacuum). The function $g(\rhom)$ returns to the usual $8\pi\rhom/(3 m_{pl}^2)$ during the early history of the universe, but takes a different form that drives an accelerated expansion after a redshift $z \sim 1$. One possible interpretation of this function (and of the right hand side of Einstein's equations) is that it describes a fluid with total energy density $\rho_{tot} = {3 m_{pl}^2 \over 8 \pi} g(\rhom) = \rhom + \rho_K$ containing not only matter density (mass times number density) but also interaction terms $\rho_K$. These interaction terms give rise to an effective negative pressure which drives cosmological acceleration. These interactions may be due to interacting dark matter, e.g. with a fifth force between particles $F \sim r^{\alpha -1}$. Such interactions may be intrinsically four dimensional or may result from higher dimensional physics. A fully relativistic fluid model is developed here, with conservation of energy, momentum, and particle number. A modified Poisson's equation is derived. A study of fluctuations in the early universe is presented, although a fully relativistic treatment of the perturbations including gauge choice is as yet incomplete.


This paper described the solution-phase synthesis of peptide triptorelin using side chain protected Fmoc-amino acids as raw materials by stepwise prolonging method with 12.4%overall yield.The structures of the key intermediates and target compound were confirmed by ESI-MS.


The general features of behavior of kinetically labile complexes (metal phosphite) revealed earlier 1,2 provide the basis for the prediction of the activity of a new class of oxidation inhibitors. These are individual, stable metal complexes with organic phosphites as main ligands. The remarkable feature of these complexes, as shown as in this article on Cu(I) complexes, is the significant increase in the stoichiometric coefficient of inhibition f due to the suppression of the additional chain consumption of phosphite in the complex. The study of the initiated oxidation of styrene and solid isotactic polypropylene has proved that the phosphite complexes with Cu(I) ion are more effective than free, noncoordinated phosphites; quantitative characteristics of the inhibiting action of these complexes have been calculated. It is proved that termination of oxidation kinetic chains on the inhibitor molecules includes oxidation of coordinated phosphite without changing the oxidation degree of the central ion of metal. During inhibition of the oxidation of the substrate with mixtures of phosphite complexes of Cu(I) and phosphites (in styrene) or with aromatic amines (in polypropylene), the phenomenon of nonadditive strengthening (synergism) was discovered and the mechanism and kinetic regularities of synergism were revealed. This investigation of the phosphite complexes of the ions of Cu(I) presents new opportunities for controlled stabilization of polymers in uncontrolled conditions.


The concept of respect plays a central role in several recent attempts to re-actualise the programme of a critical social theory. In Axel Honneth's most prominent version of that concept, respect is closely tied to the sphere of law, and it is limited to the recognition of a Kantian-type moral autonomy of the individual. So interpreted, the concept of respect can only have a very limited application in the field of education, where concern for the particular desires, intentions and beliefs of mostly immature persons is at stake.

However, more than forty years ago R. S. Peters did develop an extended concept of respect as a central component in education. This concept focuses exactly on those desires, intentions and beliefs, instead of on the very demanding capability of practical reasoning orientated towards the Kantian Categorical Imperative. My task in this paper is to explore the potential of Peters' concept of respect for the identification and description of educational pathologies and ultimately for the founding of a critical theory of education.


e studied Lake Dlugie (surface area 26.8 ha, max. depth 17.3 m), located in Olsztyn, Poland was restored with two methods. Sediments in the examined lake were characterized by high content of organic matter (from approx. 23% to 53% d.w.). e multi-annual observations of the organic matter content in the surface sediment layer (0-10 cm) pointed out the impact of the applied restoration methods. e multi-annual artificial aeration with destratification reduced the content of organic matter in the sediment thorough accelerated mineralization. Aer application of the inactivation method, the amount of organic matter in the bottom deposits increased, surpassing the level observed before the restoration, apparently due to absorption of the organic matter suspended in the water column and deterioration of the conditions for mineralization.


The main characteristics of potential smart cities in the future, smart citizens, smart energy, smart buildings, smart mobility, smart technology, smart healthcare, smart infrastructure, smart governance and education, and finally smart security are the aspects of smart cities. In the smart city, smart accessible infrastructure creates an inclusive environment for people with disabilities, in which they can integrate into the community and enjoy their civil, cultural, political, social and economic rights and entitlements. The aim of this study is to integrate disabled people into society so that they can actively participate in society and lead to a normal life. An integrated approach is needed to ensure that people with disabilities are not left alone. A combination of mainstreaming and targeted action is required for all interventions. People with disabilities have the same basic needs as everyone else: health protection and treatment, basic services, housing and income. Targeted intervention measures need to complement disability mainstreaming by addressing specific needs identified by general responses, including such interventions need not add materially to the overall cost, especially if the requirements of the maximum number of users are considered in the initial planning. This paper recommends how we can use an appropriate design checklist as a guide for our initial architectural concept and smart city planning to facilities reasonably accessible for people with disabilities in private and public buildings, making our cities smarter and more inclusive and helping to improve the quality of life for all people, especially people with disabilities.


The importance of shelter for young Agrotis segetum Schiff. (Lep. Noctuidae) larvae was investigated using caged carrots (Daucus carota L.) with the soil surface covered only by paraffin wax, or with a layer of vermiculite resembling dry soil on top of a layer of paraffin wax. In the vermiculite treatment, most cutworms were found in the vermiculite with only a small proportion on the plant foliage, whereas in the paraffin wax treatment, the majority was found on the foliage. Larval growth rate was higher and mortality lower among the cutworms which could shelter in the vermiculite than amongst those with no shelter. These results agree with those from previous investigations which showed that moist soil prevented the larvae from sheltering in it. The importance of shelter in dry soil cannot be fully explained, but it may provide a more favourable temperature for larval development.


To distinguish image features from high level noises, we propose to exploit the spatial correlations between wavelet coefficients by replacing the thresholding process with a diffusion process. The proposed smoothing method is more robust to noise when applied to highly corrupted images.


Though asthma cannot be cured, it can be effectively controlled with existing treatments. Management strategies for acute and chronic asthma often vary substantially within and among medical facilities and practices, often driven by physician preference and familiarity rather than by data. The use of carefully designed care paths can improve quality of care and decrease management costs of acute asthma in both the emergency department and in-patient setting. Using newer beta agonists and attention to proper inhalation delivery systems may also improve outcomes and patient satisfaction. Assessment-driven care paths can be safely and effectively administered by respiratory therapists and nurses. The major controversies in the management of chronic asthma center on what to do for the patient who fails to respond to low or moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids. The addition of a long-acting beta agonist or a leukotriene receptor antagonist may be beneficial.


We compared the FIAX fluorometric immunoassay for antiDNA antibodies with a Farr radio-immunoassay. Neither was precise; coefficients of variation usually exceeded 10%. The 2 assays correlated well (r = 0.87). Both were almost completely specific for numbers of sera with elevated antiDNA preferable to the Farr assay and probably to all other antiDNA assays currently used in clinical situations, although its reproducibility needs improvement.


On the basis of hydrodynamic model of evolution we consider emission of lightest (\pi,K,\eta,\rho,\omega,K^*) mesons directly from the surface of quark-gluon plasma, created in the heavy ion collision, with accounting of their absorption by surrounding hadronic gas. We evaluate upper and lower limits on yields of these direct mesons in Pb+Pb collisions at SpS, RHIC and LHC energies, and find, that even in the case of the lowest yield, direct K, \eta and heavier mesons dominate over freeze-out ones at soft p_t (p_t < 0.5 GeV/c). This leads to enhancement of the low p_t production of these mesons which hardly can be explained within pure hadronic gas scenario, and can be considered as quark-gluon plasma signature.


• Everyday, there are over 3,000 deaths worldwide due to lung cancer of which ninety percent are due to smoking.1 • NNK, formed from the parent compound nicotine, is a potent and specific lung carcinogen consistently found in tobacco and its smoke.2 • Previous studies have demonstrated the formation of POB-DNA adducts in rats treated with NNK.3 ‒ There exists no data on the formation of POB-RNA adducts. • Metabolic activation of NNK by cytochrome P450 enzymes generates the intermediate compound, POB-diazohydroxide. • POB-diazohydroxide alkylates DNA to produce POB-DNA adducts.4 • The formation of POB-DNA adducts is important in carcinogenesis imparted by tobacco-specific nitrosamines.3 ‒ POB-RNA adducts may be important in carcinogenesis. • POB-DNA adducts may serve as biomarkers of exposure to tobaccospecific nitrosamines.4 ‒ POB-RNA adduct levels are expected to be higher than those of DNA. ‒ Adduct levels can be used in utilizing chemopreventative strategies targeted to the nitrosamine activation pathways.5 • In this study, we developed a method to isolate and hydrolyze RNA from rat liver treated with NNK, and methods for analysis and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry. • Adducts are currently being synthesized by RNA reactions with NNKOAc to confirm the structures of adducts found in tissue samples.


The objective of this research is to identify QTL with additive effect and epistatic effect,and analyze the effects of additive QTL by environment(AE) interactions and epistatic QTL by environment(AAE) interactions in eleven environments over six years.The population of F2:14-F2:19 Recombination Inbred Lines(RILs),derived from the cross between Charleston and DongNong594,was used to construct the linkage groups with Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) markers in present study.11 additive effect QTLs(A) were identified in the conjoint analysis of 11 environments,the phenotypic variation explanations for these additive QTLs were more microefficient than that of the main effect in these additive QTLs.20 pairs of epistatic QTLs(AA) were also identified,two patterns were found between the epistatic QTLs,one was two epistatic QTLs interacted on the same linkage group,another was two epistatic QTLs located on different linkage groups interacted each other.Nine additive QTLs and 17 pairs of epistatic QTLs could be identified among multiple environments at the same time,More than 5% of the phenotypic variation could be explanted by parts of the epistatic QTLs.Therefore,the QTLs identified among different environments or different background can be used as the candidate makers for the improvement of the pod number traits in soybean in maker assisted selection(MAS) or mapping clone.


Abstract : A kinematic study of the Hughes Helicopter 7.62mm Chain Gun was performed to determine the power required to operate the weapon and loads on the stud roller due to the various components of the weapon. Using a 24-volt battery system the gun drew up to 60 amperes to start and operated on 22 amperes. The stud roller carries a load up to 497 Newtons.


Personalized, diversified and decentralized mobile social networking platforms provide users with an environment for accessing, sharing, distributing information and communicating emotionally. In this virtual social space, effective identification of trusted nodes can assist social networking users to make interactive strategies, and provide enterprises with scientific basis for the social interactive marketing decisions. Therefore, trust assessment plays a crucial role in establishing social connections among mobile social networking users. In this paper, based on the social relationship and information interactive data between the users of Sina Weibo, four factors, the intensity of social relations, the sphere of social influence, the information value and the control of information transmission are taken into account to build the trust assessment model. Secondly, the trust between users is quantified by node credibility and entropy weight method is employed to calculate the four factors' contribution to the node credibility respectively. Finally, the credibility of each node in Sina Weibo is calculated to identify the trusted nodes.


Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is essential for DNA biosynthesis and the epigenetic process of DNA methylation, and its gene polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for birth defects, neurological disorders, and cancers. However, reports on the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of the MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of ASD by meta‐analysis. Up to December 2012, eight case‐control studies involving 1672 patients with ASD and 6760 controls were included for meta‐analysis. The results showed that the C677T polymorphism was associated with significantly increased ASD risk in all the comparison models [T vs. C allele (frequency of allele): odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.85; CT vs. CC (heterozygote): OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09–2.00; TT vs. CC (homozygote): OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.20; CT+TT vs. CC (dominant model): OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.12–2.18; and TT vs. CC+CT (recessive model): OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02–2.22], whereas the A1298C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with reduced ASD risk but only in a recessive model (CC vs. AA+AC: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.97). In addition, we stratified the patient population based on whether they were from a country with food fortification of folic acid or not. The meta‐analysis showed that the C677T polymorphism was found to be associated with ASD only in children from countries without food fortification. Our study indicated that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to increased ASD risk, and periconceptional folic acid may reduce ASD risk in those with MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. Autism Res 2013, ●●: ●●–●●. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective:The micromorphologic and histologic study for the meniscoid of cervical and lumbar zygapophysial joints.Method:Ten cervical and lumbar vertebral columns from embalmed adult cadavers and two cervical and lumbar vertebral columns from fresh frozen adult cadavers were performed micromorphologic and histologic study under the operative and light microscope.Result:The meniscoid occurred in all cervical and lumbar zygapophysial joints of 7 cadavers. The intra-articular structures project from the joint capsule into the joint cavity and fill the subcapsular space. Histologically they are consisted of synovium,adipose and fibrous tissues. The fibrosis tissues in the meniscoid is more abundant in lumbar facet joints than in cervical one.Conclusion: The intra-articular structure may provide the stability of facet joint during flexion and extension. Meniscus entrapment may be a cause of acute locked back and acute locked neck.


I write this following a visit to the National Center for Bioethics in Research and Healthcare and the School of Nursing at Tuskegee University, Alabama, United States. At this time, we are also preparing for the launch of our new International Care Ethics (ICE) Observatory at the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the Ethox Foundation. The ICE Observatory will replace the International Centre for Nursing Ethics (ICNE). The history of Tuskegee University is intertwined with the history of slavery and the emancipation of African Americans. The first principal of the then school at Tuskegee, Booker T. Washington, was born into slavery and witnessed the reading of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. His autobiography details the life of a man, without bitterness, utterly committed to the transformative potential of education to improve the conditions of marginalised groups and the need for service to local communities. For one movie perspective on this period of American history, readers should see the recent film 12 Years a Slave, which shows the dehumanising impact of slavery and the complexity, cruelty and perversity of master/slave relationships in the southern states of the United States. The establishment of the National Center for Bioethics at Tuskegee University in 1999 followed another exploitative historical episode, this time relating to research ethics in the 20th century. The centre was supported by Executive Order, following an apology to research participants, from US President Bill Clinton in response to the exposure of the US Public Health Service (USPHS) Syphilis Study at Tuskegee. The study ran from 1932 to 1972. In all, 399 Black African Americans who were infected with syphilis were recruited into the USPHS study, designed to study the natural progression of syphilis, without being told the true nature of the study or that treatment was available following the discovery of antibiotics in the 1940s. Conversations with Tuskegee University staff and students, and subsequent reading, confirmed the importance of interdisciplinary bioethical perspectives. The scope of the discussion of bioethics was wide-ranging with reference to historical, sociological, economic and faith perspectives and relating to race, class, gender, age and sexual orientation, particularly as related to health and flourishing. A definition of this broader approach to bioethics is proposed by Tuskegee bioethicist and professor, Stephen Olufemi Sodeke, as follows:


After the second World War the youth was attracted by artistic expressions (cinema and music, in particular rock'n roll) coming from the United States, relayed by Great Britain, and it played a major role in the worldwide expansion of the English language and particularly in Europe. The period between 1966 and 1971 was the golden age of rock'n roll. In the seventies rock music became bourgeois. Today, rock'n roll is for the most part pop music, an entertaining consumption product, a music which lost in rebellion but gained in musical value.


Generation Z refers to individuals born between 1997 and 2012, who are currently aged between 9 and 24 years old. The stock market is an important aspect of the financial system, and it plays a critical role in the economy of India. However, there is limited research on the awareness and understanding of the stock market among the youth in Chennai, specifically Generation Z. The aim of this study is to explore the level of awareness and understanding of the stock market among Generation Z in Chennai. The study will use a Questionnaire approach, consisting of a survey. The survey will be administered to a sample of Generation Z individuals in Chennai, and it will seek to gather information on their level of awareness and understanding of the stock market. The focus group discussions will provide an opportunity to gather more in-depth insights and opinions on the stock market. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the level of stock market awareness among Generation Z in Chennai. This information can be used to inform policies and initiatives aimed at increasing financial literacy and awareness among young people. It can also provide valuable insights for investors and financial institutions seeking to engage with this demographic. Overall, this study has the potential to provide valuable insights into the stock market awareness and understanding of Generation Z in Chennai.


The tensile mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) in directions off the primary axes of the reinforcing fibers are important for the architectural design of CMC components that are subjected to multiaxial stress states. In this study, two-dimensional (2D)-woven melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite panels with balanced fiber content in the 0° and 90° directions were tensile loaded in-plane in the 0° direction and at 45° to this direction. In addition, a 2D triaxially braided MI SiC/SiC composite panel with a higher fiber content in the ±67° bias directions compared with the axial direction was tensile loaded perpendicular to the axial direction tows (i.e., 23° from the bias fibers). Stress–strain behavior, acoustic emission, and optical microscopy were used to quantify stress-dependent matrix cracking and ultimate strength in the panels. It was observed that both off-axis-loaded panels displayed higher composite onset stresses for through-thickness matrix cracking than the 2D-woven 0/90 panels loaded in the primary 0° direction. These improvements for off-axis cracking strength can in part be attributed to higher effective fiber fractions in the loading direction, which in turn reduces internal stresses on weak regions in the architecture, e.g., minicomposite tows oriented normal to the loading direction and/or critical flaws in the matrix for a given composite stress. Both off-axis-oriented panels also showed relatively good ultimate tensile strength when compared with other off-axis-oriented composites in the literature, both on an absolute strength basis as well as when normalized by the average fiber strength within the composites. Initial implications are discussed for constituent and architecture design to improve the directional cracking of SiC/SiC CMC components with MI matrices.


General chemistry is a basic course for the engineering university students With the unique superiority,the experiment teaching on general chemistry plays an important role in the training of creative ability In this paper,we will study on the meaning of creative ability in high education,the characteristic of the creative thinking,the present situation of the experiment teaching on general chemistry,the design of the creative experiment teaching,and the method of the creative thinking training while passing on knowledge to the students


The effect of time (up to 24h) and temperature (40 to 55°C) has been evaluated on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on potato dextrose agar plates or on 'Valencia' oranges (Citrus sinensis), previously inoculated with those pathogens. The effect of treatment on the fruit quality parameters has also been evaluated. In vitro, at 40 and 45°C, an exposure of 24h was required to inhibit subsequent mycelial growth of both pathogens during incubation for 1 week at 25°C. However, at 50 and 55°C, only 18 or 9h (6h for P. digitatum), respectively, were needed to achieve the same effect on both pathogens. Inoculated fruit was exposed for 18h at 40°C then stored for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C, and the experiment was repeated at three locations and over two fruit seasons. This curing regime controlled both pathogens effectively. Concerning quality changes, after cold storage (5°C), treated fruits showed a significant reduction in acid content and a slight delay on skin yellowing, on softening, and on weight losses, compared to the control fruits. These results suggest that the curing treatment could be a non-chemical alternative to the postharvest fungicides now used to control citrus green and blue moulds.


This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of salvianolic acid B (SA‐B) on acute lung injury (ALI) through decreasing the expressions of channel kinase's TRPM6 and TRPM7. Wistar Septic rat models were established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which were separated into the control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), SA‐B, SA‐B + si‐TRPM6, SA‐B + si‐TRPM7, si‐TRPM6, and si‐TRPM7 groups. Arterial blood gas, protein content, total white blood cell (WBC) count and the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%) were measured. Levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were monitored. Lung coefficient, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were conducted by MPO and SOD kit. The mRNA expressions of TRPM6 and TRPM7 were detected by qRT‐PCR. Compared with the control group, the PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 values exhibited decreases in other group, while the PaCO2 value, protein content, total WBC, PMN%, TNF‐α, IL‐6 levels and lung coefficient values all increased. MPO activity in lung tissue increased, while SOD activity decreased. TRPM6 and TRPM7 expressions increased significantly. Compared with the LPS group, the SA‐B, SA‐B + si‐TRPM6, SA‐B + si‐TRPM7, si‐TRPM6, and si‐TRPM7 groups had increased PaO2 and the PaO2/FiO2, while decreased PaCO2, protein content, total WBC, PMN%, TNF‐α, IL‐6 levels, and lung coefficient. MPO activity in lung tissue decreased while SOD activity increased. Decreased mRNA expressions of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the SA‐B, SA‐B + si‐TRPM6, and SA‐B + si‐TRPM6 groups were observed. Through decreasing the expressions of the channel kinase TRPM6 and TRPM7, SA‐B protects against ALI in septic rats.


This follow-up study examined the goals, roles. anU functions of the Toronto Board of Education's local school teens (LSTs), which are designed to support teachers in providing appropriate interventions for students in need of assistance in regular and special education settings. The 1990 and 1995 study used similar questionnaires and methodologies, with the addition of a section on LST recommendations on the 1995 questionnaire. The follow-up study surveyed 341 individuals who were members of LSTs at 44 elementary and 11 secondary schools. The study found that the number of individual students referred to LSTs increased from a mean of 66 per school year in 1990 to a mean of 72 per school year in 1995. Consultation with.parents was viewed as a highly important recomlendation by both elementary and secondary LST members. (Three appendices provide discussion guidelines for planning an effective model, discussion guidelines for evaluating team effectiveness, and a copy of the questionnaire. Contains 21 references.) (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made Ic from the original document. IC *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educabonal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) XThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality _ _ Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO rHE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES


We have investigated the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions constructed by open and closed peapods molecules. In addition have investigation behavior NDR in the open and closed peapods. Our results indicate that the absence of Coulomb interaction decreases current and shifts the NDR behavior to higher voltage.


OBJECTIVE:To study the direct powder compression technology of Angelica micropowder. METHODS: The formula of Angelica micropowder was optimized by mixture uniform design with tablet weight variation and friability as restrictive conditions, and a regression equation was established based on the comprehensive grading on the hardness and disintegration to figure out the optimal solution. DPS software was applied in the calculation. RESULTS: Prepared by the direct powder compression technology, the optimal formula of Angelica micropowder was obtained as follows: the hardness of the optimized tablet could reach as high as 75 N and the disintegrating time was about 10.24 min, with smooth and intact surface. CONCLUSION:The technology is reasonable in formulation and satisfactory in molding, and it can serve as theoretical basis for the production of Angelica tablets.