The basic problem of psychosurgery is psychiatric. Therefore, the initiative in considering surgical treatment must be taken by the psychiatrist. As soon as he is sure that conservative treatment by every available method cannot cure the patient, he should consult the neurosurgeon. Psychosurgery will remain experimental for years. Therefore, its use should be concentrated and restricted to psychosurgical research units having strong and intimate affiliation with scientists from many disciplines. Lauri V. Laitinen, 'Ethical Aspects of Psychiatric Surgery', 1977 [1] The International Neuromodulation Society defines neuromodulation as the alteration of nerve activity through the delivery of electrical or electromagnetic stimulation, chemical agents or light (optogenetics) to targeted sites of the central or peripheral nervous system. The aim of neuromodulation is to modulate (aka nor malize) pathological nerve function. Some examples of various means to provide 'neuro modulation' to treat various illnesses and symptoms are functional electrical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stim ulation, intrathecal drug delivery systems, occipital nerve stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation, transcra nial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Thus, it appears that electricity has been and still is the main agent used to provide 'neuro modulation', starting in antiquity with the electrical fish and gaining a momentum with the so‐called 'electrotherapy' in the 18th and 19th centuries when electrotherapy was used for the 'treatment' of a variety of illnesses, including epilepsy, paralysis, chorea, deafness, blindness, rheumatism, glandular enlargement and also for artificial respiration and resuscitation [2].


E-222 Figure 1 Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy for both primary or secondary DMVO seems feasible and as safe as for LVO. Our initial experience using the Tigertriever13 is of special interest as it shows we can potentially significantly expand AIS population that can benefit from mechanical thrombectomy treatment. Disclosures A. Guenego: None. B. Lubicz: None. E-223 ATYPICAL DELAYED MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY FOR CALCIFIED CARDIAC EMBOLI A Pandhi, A Alrohimi, A Mahapatra, A Russman, G Toth. Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,


Due to the short history of higher vocational colleges,and their scales Expand unceasingly,the construction of campus culture is lack of experience,a lot of problems exposed in the process of culture construction.Therefore,higher vocational colleges should based on practice,the exploration and refining and summarizing,making efforts to promote physical culture,system culture,spirit culture and cultural integration and innovation,cultivate actively the epoch feature rich individual character characteristic of higher vocational education,in order to realize the leaping development of higher vocational colleges solid foundation.


An electrical tuning method for terahertz quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) is developed based on detuned intersubband absorption in coupled metallic microcavities, which works even at high operating temperatures. Continuous 4 GHz tuning for a single-mode narrow-beam 3.57 THz QCL operating at ∼ 50 K in a Stirling cryocooler is demonstrated.


Abstract This article examines a series of wartime massacres (sook chings) conducted at various Southeast Asian sites with a view to teasing out broader lessons about justice, compensation, apology and the uses of memory both on the side of the victims as well as the nation that perpetrated the crimes. Characteristically, the sook chings of Southeast Asia, occurring in ethnically complex societies with mostly Chinese as victims, displayed a planned character of strictly ethnic and political "cleansing" that meets broad definitions of genocide. This article also considers historical memory. Obviously, as with Japanese war crimes in China, the sook chings of Southeast Asia are remembered locally. But also, as in China, remembrance of the sook chings has been modulated by the state, mostly in the interest of good relations and business links with Japan (with some notable exceptions). But, alongside the Nanjing Massacre, much contested in Japanese historiography, the sook ching massacres remain virtually unknown to the Japanese public, and have not become an issue between Japan and the Southeast Asian countries where these events occurred.


In this chapter, chemical sensors that are most important from a practical point of view and the principles involved in chemical sensing are discussed. Included in this chapter are electrochemical sensors that convert a chemical quantity directly into an electrical reading and follow the definition for direct sensors. Sensors that generate heat and where heat is the sensed quantity are also discussed. These sensors, just like the thermo-optical sensors, are indirect sensors, as are the optical chemical sensors. Following these are some of the most common sensors, such as pH and gas sensors. Humidity and moisture sensors are included here even though their sensing is not truly chemical, but because the sensing methods and materials relate to chemical sensors.


34 S values within 2‰ of contemporaneous seawater sulfate, and (3) associated polymetallic sulfi de deposits. These criteria take into account spreading-ridge hydrothermal systems that can deposit barite in association with volcanogenic massive sulfi de deposits of Zn, Cu, and Pb. They do not apply to sedimentary-exhalative hydrothermal systems that can form both bedded barite deposits and the sediment-hosted massive sulfi de deposits of Zn, Pb, and Ag (±barite) that account for the bulk of the world's known Zn and Pb reserves. Whereas spreading-ridge hydrothermal systems arise from seawater convection through hot volcanic rocks, sedimentary-exhalative hydrothermal systems arise from the ascent of basinal brines through sedimentary sequences into intracratonic or continental margin seas. There are barite deposits throughout the world that are clearly products of sedimentary-exhalative hydrothermal systems and show none of the criteria set forth by Torres et al. as diagnostic of a hydrothermal origin. To cite just a few examples, at Jason and Tom in western Canada, at Meggen and Rammelsberg in Germany, and at Red Dog in northwest Alaska, barite occurs both intergrown with sulfi de minerals and as barite-only deposits above or lateral to massive sulfi de bodies. At all these localities, the barite contains Sr that is more radiogenic than contemporaneous seawater Sr (Turner, 1991; Maynard et al., 1995; Ayuso et al., 2000) refl ecting scavenging of Sr and other elements from continental detritus in underlying sediments. The barites do not show δ 34


From the perspective of China's financing structure,this paper presents the idea and a proposal of developing the bond market of Jiangsu Province.This paper illustrates the growth of Jiangsu manufacturing industry,analyzes the current situation of the direct and indirect financing of this province,and refers to the changes of financing system in Japan.


A generator housing structure of a range extender of an electric vehicle comprises a generator housing, stators and heat radiating fins. The generator housing is in the shape of a circular ring. The stators are disposed on inner sides of the generator housing. The stators are in interference fit with the generator housing. Every heat radiating fin is flake-shaped, and is disposed on the surface of an excircle of the generator housing. The heat radiating fins and the generator housing form an integrated structure which can be molded with double die-opening during die-opening, and thus the cost is substantially reduced. The generator housing structure of the range extender of the electric vehicle has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and good heat radiation performance.


Benchmarking offers community practitioners more systematic judgments about research effectiveness when control groups are not feasible, while also providing a standard for program transportability from clinical to community settings. The purpose of the current study was to outline the necessary decisions, calculations, and strengths and limitations of applying benchmarking methodologies to a behavioral parent training (BPT) program, a field in which benchmarking remains relatively underutilized. The implementation of in-home Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based practice shown to be successful in reducing child maltreatment and neglect, was evaluated as a case study of the application of benchmarking. Of those parents that completed in-home PCIT, a significant reduction was seen for pre-post ECBI scores. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were established as benchmarks based on similarity in parent and child demographics as well as use of the ECBI as a primary measure. Effect sizes of each benchmark study were aggregated to create a single benchmark effect size for treatment and control groups, respectively. The effect size of the current study was found to be significantly superior to the control benchmark effect size but not significantly equivalent to the treatment benchmark effect size. Although the current study demonstrates the use of benchmarking in community research, the need for further guidelines is critical for researchers. A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree


Collaborative working as well as sharing resources and knowledge represent key points in today's development in all fields, including education. Know-how transfer and collaboration in learning and teaching are aspects promoted and sustained by institutional management as well as the European initiatives. Thus, leading to the idea of a federation which will facilitate engineering education. A consortium formed by five European universities decided to join efforts to provide to the community a federation, which could be used by different stakeholders interest in teaching, learning or developing new skills in the field of electronics. The proposed remote system, Virtual Instruments System in Reality, or VISIR in short, offers the possibility of working with real equipment and obtain the real-world/ real-time measurements. By developing such a VISIR federation some of the constraints of using remote labs, the ones associated with development and maintenance costs, and scalability, will be minimized. This paper aims to present the initial steps for developing a VISIR Federation, which is also the primary goal of PILAR — Platform Integration of Laboratories based on the Architecture of visiR project.


With the continuous development of Vascular interventional surgery robot(VISR), VISR has gradually become an important tool for assisting doctors to complete interventional surgery. However, the research of VISR is not yet fully mature, The emergence of many problems caused inconvenience when doctors use VISR. The control methods and operation logic of VISR are still constantly improving. Aiming at some problems faced by VISR, this study developed a set of motion logic, which is suitable for direct push vascular VISR based on the control method of the joystick.


The volume of soil important to an individual big sage- brush (Artemisia tridentata) plant as a soil water reservoir was identi- fied and compared with the root system of the same plant. Experimental sites were located near the bottom, midway and crest of a N-facing slope. The effective winter precipitation at these sites was 511, 368 and 102 mm, respectively, because of relocation of snow by wind. Soils at the three sites belonged to different series despite their proximity and similar parent material. The primary water reservoir for an individual plant extended later- ally 91 cm from the trunk and 91 cm deep. Moisture use zones shifted from surface soil near the plant early in the season, outward and down- ward as the season advanced. Water use decreased sharply in early August after vegetative growth was complete. More than 90% of the root weight for individual big sagebrush plants was located in the volume of soil identified as an important water reservoir. Roots at each study site had a maximum lateral spread of 122-152 cm from the trunk and extended 183-213 cm deep at the two lower sites. Roots were less than 152 cm deep at the upper site, a reflec- tion of the limited water supply and rocky substratum. Maximum lateral root spread was usually in the surface 30.5 cm of soil.


This experiment was carried out to study the preparations of red pepper oleoresin, the effects of pH and heat treatment on the stabilities of capsanthin and capsaicin in oleoresin state, and the interacting effects of ascorbic acid, metal salts and EDTA on the stabilities of capsanthin in the oleoresin-linoleate aqueous model system. The results were as follows: 1. Acetone was the most effective solvent to extract capsanthin and capsaicin from red pepper powder. The yield of oleoresin extracted with acetone was 14.27%. 2. Capsaicin was more stable at high temperature than capsanthin in oleoresin state. Capsanthin and capsaicin in oleoresin state were comparatively stable in the range (ron) pH 3 to pH 8. 3. Ascorbic acid acted as a prooxidant on the capsanthin oxidation reaction at concentrations up to , but acted as an antioxidant at . 4. The addition of and ions at all concentration increased the prooxidant activity on the degradation of capsanthin in oleoresin state. 5. EDTA showed a strong antioxidation the stability of capsanthin in oleoresin state.


In this new collection, Martha P. Y. Cheung tells her own story of Hong Kong through the fiction, essays, and narratives of contemporary Hong Kong writers. The 23 pieces all translated from the Chinese, show the diversity of style and dynamic vibrancy of modern Hong Kong literature.


In this article, our main goal is to combine hyperbranched polymer with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to establish a novel functional polymer species with core-shell structure and supramolecular system for further application in inclusion technologies and the complex drugs delivery system. Therefore, two β-CD polymer brushes based on hyperbranched polycarbosilane (HBP) as a hydrophobic core and poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) carrying β-CD units as a hydrophilic shell were synthesized. Hyperbranched polycarbosilane macroinitiator carrying -Cl groups (HBP-C1) was also prepared by using 1,1,3,3-tetrmethyldisiloxane, allyl alcohol, and chloroacetyl chloride as reagents. The molecular structures of HBP-C1 macroinitiator and β-CD polymer brushes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography/multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC/MALLS) and laser particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the grafted chain length of two β-CD polymer brushes can be controlled by changing the feed ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that two β-CD polymer brushes have two glass transition temperatures (T g s) from a hydrophobic core part and a hydrophilic shell part, respectively, and the T g from PDMA is higher than that of HBP-g-PDMA. Thermalgravimetric analyzer (TGA) analysis indicates that the thermostability of two β-CD polymer brushes is higher than that of HBP, but is lower than that of HBP-g-PDMA. Using phenolphthalein (PP) as a guest molecule, molecular inclusion behaviors for two β-CD polymer brushes were studied. It reveals that two β-CD polymer brushes possess molecular inclusion capability in PP buffer solution with a fixed concentration.


This article examined travel and tourism business confidence indices in Nigeria. The study relied on 2013 travel and tourism competitiveness index report of 140 countries conducted by the world economic forum in collaboration with Deloitte, International Air Transport Association (IATA), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Based on the report, the ranking and position of Nigeria among the 140 countries surveyed is subjected to analysis in these key areas: (1) travel and tourism regulatory framework; (2) travel and tourism business environment and infrastructure; and (3) travel and tourism human, cultural, and natural resources. The position of Nigeria in the report is subjected to a five-point Likert scale of: 1-30, excellent; 31-60, good, 61-90, fair 91-120 and 121- above, poor for ease of interpretation. The findings show that travel and tourism regulatory framework that supports tourism investment in Nigeria is not encouraging, the current state of the Nigeria travel and tourism business environment and infrastructure did not encourage tourism investment, and the needed human, cultural, and natural resources for travel and tourism investment in Nigeria are in a sorry state. In view of the findings, the study recommended various solutions for enhancing the competitive index of tourism sector in Nigeria.


Dopamine-P-hydroxylase (EC 1,14,2,1. DBH) is an enzyme which catalizes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. DBH is released into the blood stream partly from adrenal medulla, but mostly from adrenergic neurons by exocytosis. Therefore, the activity of serum DBH is considered to reflect the sympathetic function in normal individuals and those with various neurological disorders. Serum specimens were collected from 100 normal children and adults, aged from 11 days to 38 years. They didn't have hypertension or any medication. The activity of serum DBH was determined by photometric assay, according to the procedure by Nagatsu and Udenfriend. Serum DBH activity in 100 normal individuals is shown in FIG. I. The activity was extremely low in infants under 6 months of age (2.6 f 0.6 n moles/min/ml. Mean 2 SE), and significantly increased in age groups of 6 months to 1 year (11.8 f 1.9) and 2 to 3 years (21.1 2 3.3). The activity in the latter age group was 75.4% of an adult level (28.0 f 2.4). After 15 years of age, the activity increased slightly and reached to the adult level. The increase of serum DBH activity and the physical development were well correlated with each other in younger children under 10 years of age, when their body weight reached to approximately 20 kg (r=0.57, p<O.OOl). This correlation was no longer seen in older children beyond 10 years. When serum DBH activity was expressed based on the body surface area (n moles/min/ml/me), the value in the age group Age (Sample Serum DBH actlvlty (n moles/min/ml) m e m f S E number 0 I0 20 30 40


With the advancement of science and technology and the popularization of the Internet, large amounts of data and information will be generated from people's daily work and life to the state of molecular motion trajectories. How to efficiently mine the hidden information of these massive data information is the key to scientific and social development, which requires big data analysis technology. The solidification process of metals is a very complex process, including both macroscopic and microscopic processes. Molecular dynamics can simulate the process of liquid metal solidification from a microscopic scale. In molecular dynamics simulation, the more particles the simulation system contains, the more accurate the data obtained. However, the molecular dynamics serial program runs slowly, and the number of simulated atoms is limited, which makes the simulation results far from the real situation. The rise of parallel computing provides conditions for large-scale molecular dynamics parallelization and promotes the rapid development of molecular dynamics parallelization. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic parallel algorithm of liquid metal solidification molecules based on big data. In this paper, through in-depth research on big data, analysis of the current research results of parallel computing of liquid metal solidification molecules, and combined with the current research status of liquid metal solidification molecules in my country, to discuss the research of liquid metal solidification molecular dynamics parallel algorithm under big data. Research shows that the spatial domain decomposition method is more general, and its communication cost is relatively small. It reflects that it can obtain relatively high parallel performance and computing efficiency in local communication, especially in large-scale simulation systems with a large number of atoms.


With the completion of Run I of the CERN Large Hadron Collider, particle physics has entered a new era. The production of unprecedented numbers of heavy-flavored hadrons in high-energy proton–proton collisions allows detailed studies of flavor-changing processes. The increasingly precise measurements allow the Standard Model to be tested with a new level of accuracy. Rare b hadron decays provide some of the most promising approaches for such tests because there are several observables that can be cleanly interpreted from a theoretical viewpoint. In this article, we review the status and prospects in this field, with a focus on precision measurements and null tests.


Theoretical issues such as the significance of destination marketing stakeholders' cooperation to destination and establishment of cooperation mechanism were extensive and in-depth studied.Based on the Three Gorges of Changjing River,this paper took government tourism planning text and pictures promoting the Three Gorges in tour brochure of Chongqing travel agency industry as research object,applied positive research into whether government and enterprises achieved cooperation in destination marketing with content analysis methods,found the embodiment of the cooperation(or contradiction) in destination marketing of government and enterprises,and analyzed the reason of the contradiction.


The rule of monument control in boundary law provides that visible "monuments" or landmarks on the ground will control over the courses and distances in the deed.1 This rule is often applied so stringently that it becomes more than a rule of construction; it becomes a rule of law which conflicts with the Statute of Frauds.2 Furthermore, the rule assumes that the monuments will remain visible to subsequent purchasers of the land, but as land is developed, the monuments are often destroyed or moved. To solve the problems caused by the disappearance or displacement of monuments, Washington courts have promulgated an unusual set of rules concerning the admissibility of evidence to prove a disputed monument. These rules of admissibility are based upon certain policies inherent in the rule of monument control. Unfortunately, the courts sometime assume that since the monuments will have controlling weight in a boundary dispute these rules of evidence must be viewed with suspicion, an approach which can lead to unsettling results. A prime example is the case of San Juan County v. Ayer, 3 wherein the court of


New polycarbonate materials are of interest for higher performance applications than can be afforded by commercial bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA-PC). These include enhanced high-impact mechanical properties, oxidative, UV, flame, laser, environmental and chemical stability, as well as improved aging and embrittlement resistance, while at the same time endeavoring to retain or improve the processability exhibited by the current BPA-PC material used by the ARMY for these applications. In this work we have synthesized a high-aspect ratio bisphenol using Suzuki cross-coupling methodology, and converted it to copolymeric polycarbonate with the comonomer BPA-PC with average molecular weights of 22,000 to 43,000 g/mol. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this study we employed two types of organically modified clay, Bentone 34® and Cloisite 30B®. Clay nanocomposites of 2 and 5 wt. percent have been prepared by a variety of methods including solution mixing and melt extrusion at 260°C using a mini-Haake twin screw extruder operating at 80 rpm. Wide angle X ray diffraction of pure Cloisite 30 B® shows a peak at 2θ ~5° corresponding to a gallery spacing of 18.3 angstroms. This peak is absent in clay nanocomposite samples prepared by melt blending using Cloisite 30 B®. This suggests that clay nanocomposites prepared by melt blending produced exfoliated nanocomposites. However, a peak at 2θ ~ 6° corresponding to a gallery spacing of 14.7 angstroms is present in the melt blended samples due to decomposition of the organic material in the Cloisite 30B®. TEM and mechanical testing were also performed on the nanocomposite samples. The processing and properties of these nanocomposite materials will be presented.


The impact of interactive television in the marketplace will change our perception of the home television set from that of an entertainment medium to that of an informational mechanism at both the consumer and business levels. A review of the development of videotex and teletext in the United States and abroad highlights significant contributions of the various technologies shaping this rapidly evolving industry. As reflected by the rapid growth of the U.S. Videotex Industry Association, the potential of videotex is being tracked by a broad spectrum of interested parties---from the individual PC user to the corporate board at AT&T. The videotex revolution will profoundly change our lifestyles and will bring instant information-on-demand into our homes and offices.


Abstract Depressed levels of homovanillic acid, the principal catabolite of dopamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major product of serotonin degradation in brain, were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of seven Guamanian patients with Parkinsonism dementia. Homovanillic acid concentrations in spinal fluid of six Guamanians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were also significantly lower than those observed in six Guamanian control subjects, although higher than those found in the patients with Parkinsonism dementia. Monoamine catabolite levels in patients with Parkinsonism dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on Guam were similar to those found in Americans with idiopathic Parkinsonism or classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively. An alteration in cerebral monoamines similar to that previously found in classic Parkinson's disease may thus attend the Parkinsonism-dementia syndrome of Guam.


Nonlinear Compton scattering (NCS) and nonlinear Breit-Wheeler (NBW) process are strongly multi-photon and highly nonlinear processes. In ultra intense lasers (normalized field amplitude $a_0 \gg 1$), radiation formation length is much shorter than a period and single NCS/NBW cannot be described as scatterings of electrons dressing plane waves with $\gamma$ photons for what they feel is a local constant crossed field. However, present theories in constant crossed fields are hard to give some important quantum features due to divergence problems, such as number of laser photons involved, instantaneous angular distribution and detailed spectrum. As an alternative, present understanding of single NCS/NBW in ultra intense lasers includes several classical and semi-quantum ideas such as forward emission, recoil reaction and spectrum cutoff. We investigated multi-photon effects on NCS/NBW in ultra intense lasers by extracting the number of laser photons involved in a single process in ultra intense lasers from formulae of existing theories. New features of single NCS in ultra intense lasers including fixed emission angle to instantaneous electron momentum, instantaneous deflection of electron, and disappearance of spectrum cutoff are deduced. Similar features of single NBW in ultra intense lasers including non-vanishing emission angles to instantaneous $\gamma$ photon momentum, disappearance of spectrum cutoff and appearance of spectrum lower limit are also obtained. Simulations show that corresponding signals of multi-photon effects are significant on $10$PW scale and stronger lasers.


One-dimensional heat and mass transfer mathematical model was developed to simulate moisture content of tea leaves during trough withering. Model solutions were approached using finite difference method with appropriate boundary conditions. A computer program written in QBASIC was used to calculate the real time moisture content of tea leaves and other psychometric parameters of conditioned air during withering. Four experiments were performed using commercial type of withering trough to validate the developed model. Leaf samples were drawn from top, middle and bottom layers of the leaf bed in the trough for one-hour time interval for 12 h of the test period. Simulated moisture data calculated by the program was compared with the experimental data. Time and space increments of the model were chosen minimizing the estimation error of moisture content. Results showed that the experimental and simulated moisture data were in close agreement for top, middle and bottom layers of the withering trough with standard errors in the range of 0.2940–1.2872, 0.7148–1.1025 and 0.7106–4.5478, respectively on percent wet basis. Keywords : Fresh tea leaves; one dimensional heat and mass transfer model; withering trough DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v22i3.3701 Tropical Agricultural Research 22(3) (2011) 282-295


The synthesis of new modified indolo[3,2-c]quinoline ligands L1−L8 with metal-binding sites is reported. By coordination to ruthenium− and osmium−arene moieties 16 complexes of the type [(η6-p-cymene)M(L)Cl]Cl (1a,b−8a,b), where M is RuII or OsII and L is L1−L8, have been prepared. All compounds were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, IR, UV−vis, and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2a, 4a, 4b, 5a, 7a, and 7b). The complexes were tested for antiproliferative activity in vitro in three human cancer cell lines, namely, CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), and A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer), yielding IC50 values in the submicromolar or low micromolar range.


In this paper a new three-phase two-stage on-board charger for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is proposed. The proposed on-board charger is composed of three identical single-phase modules connected in parallel, in which each module is composed of a high frequency resonant converter with constant switching frequency and a buck-boost converter in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed on-board charger has relatively low voltage stress in components due to the operation in DCM. And it requires a DC capacitor with relatively smaller capacitance.


We introduce a new one-dimensional (1-D) analysis of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes on additive white Gaussian noise channels which is significantly more accurate than similar 1-D methods. Our method assumes a Gaussian distribution in message-passing decoding only for messages from variable nodes to check nodes. Compared to existing work, which makes a Gaussian assumption both for messages from check nodes and from variable nodes, our method offers a significantly more accurate estimate of convergence behavior and threshold of convergence. Similar to previous work, the problem of designing irregular LDPC codes reduces to a linear programming problem. However, our method allows irregular code design in a wider range of rates without any limit on the maximum variable-node degree. We use our method to design irregular LDPC codes with rates greater than 1/4 that perform within a few hundredths of a decibel from the Shannon limit. The designed codes perform almost as well as codes designed by density evolution.


We present a detailed study of a galaxy merger taking place at z = 1.89 in the GOODS-S field. Here we analyse Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey along with multi-wavelength photometry assembled by the 3D-HST survey. The combined dataset is modeled to infer the past star-formation histories (SFHs) of both merging galaxies. They are found to be massive, with log10(M*/M⊙) > 11, with a close mass ratio satisfying the typical major-merger definition. Additionally, in the context of delayed-τ models, GOODS-S 43114 and GOODS-S 43683 have similar SFHs and low star-formation rates (log10(SFR(SED)/$M_{\odot }/\rm {yr}^{-1}$) < 1.0) compared to their past averages. The best-fit model SEDs show elevated HδA values for both galaxies, indicating that their stellar spectra are dominated by A-type stars, and that star formation peaked ∼0.5 − 1 Gyr ago and has recently declined. Additionally, based on SED fitting both merging galaxies turned on and shut off star formation within a few hundred Myr of each other, suggesting that their bursts of star formation may be linked. Combining the SFHs and HδA results with recent galaxy merger simulations, we infer that these galaxies have recently completed their first pericentric passage and are moving apart. Finally, the relatively low second velocity moment of GOODS-S 43114 given its stellar mass, suggests a disk-like structure. However, including the geometry of the galaxy in the modeling does not completely resolve the discrepancy between the dynamical and stellar masses. Future work is needed to resolve this inconsistency in mass.


of the literature and case reports. Br J Dermatol1987;116:573579. [3] A d a s RM. Contact allergic dermatitis due to diethylthiourea in a wetsuit. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:277-278. [4] Fisher AA. Contact Dermatitis. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1995. p. 735. [5] Bmze M, Fregert S. Allergic contact dermatitis from ethylenthiourea. Contact Dermatitis 1983;9:208-212. [6] Angelini G, Vena A. In: ISED, editor. Dermatologia Professionale e Ambientale, 1997. p. 243.


Preparation of three forms of selectively deuterated trans-octaethylchlorin (t-OEC) and octaethylporphyrin-d2 (OEP-d2) with high isotopic purity using acid catalyzed hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction is described. Deuterated t-OEC labeled at γ,δ-methine carbons was prepared directly by equilibrating t-OEC in D2SO4:D2O (6:1, v/v) at room temperature for 20 hours. t-OEC labeled at all four methine carbons was prepared as above in 72 hours. And t-OEC labeled at α,β-positions was obtained by "back-exchange" of t-OEC-d4 under the protio condition, H2SO4:H2O (6:1, v/v), in 18 hours. The DDQ dehydrogenation of either dideuterochlorin species resulted in the formation of OEP-d2. The isotopic purities of all deuterated compounds were over 98 percent except for t-OEC-d2(α,β) which was estimated to be ∼ 90 percent by proton NMR spectroscopy.


The invention provides a visible intercom system for buildings. The visible intercom system comprises a community local area network, a doorphone, a community management station, an intercom terminal and a community router, wherein the doorphone and the community management station are connected to the community local area network for communication, the doorphone is used for performing the intercom operation and the door control starting operation, and the community router is connected to the internet through the community local area network. Components of the visible intercom system for buildings are connected to the internet through the community router, and a user is connected to the internet through the intercom terminal in any mode and perform data communication with other components, so that the user can achieve the intercom function conveniently through a universal smart phone/tablet personal computer which serves as the intercom terminal, and the defects of visible intercom system at present are overcome perfectly. The invention further discloses an intercom method for the buildings.


Introduction:
 Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the main causes of morbidity, mortality, and increased financial burden in high risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although intravenous hydration is routinely used to prevent CIN among patients undergoing PCI, the optimal amount is not defined.

 Hypothesis:
 The current trial aims to determine whether a computer-based contrast induced nephropathy (CBCIN) risk tool, in addition to suggested standard hydration strategies exposed to the primary operator, results in lower rates of CIN and improved death and combined death/rehospitalization in patients undergoing PCI.

 Methods:
 Patients were recruited prospectively at the cardiac catheterization laboratory at the University of Chicago Medical Center in the inpatient and outpatient setting. Eligible participants were determined to be at-risk for CIN and included adult patients with either a reduced baseline eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure or age >75 years. It is up to the operator's discretion whether to use this information and hydration strategy. Operators then completed a survey of their experience.

 Results:
 There were 21 patients analyzed in this study. The average age was 73 and included 8 (38.1%) women. Operators reported a change in their treatment plan in 12 (57.1%) cases for a change to the contrast plan and 10 (47.6%) cases for a change in IV hydration plan. Use of the CBCIN risk tool led to an increase in the perception of CIN risk in 14 cases (66.7%), decreased time to calculate CIN risk in 16 (76.2%) cases, and increased adoption of CIN risk into the case in 17 (81.0%) cases.

 Conclusions:
 This is a preliminary description of an ongoing study showing that the CBCIN tool changed operator behavior, improved perception of CIN risk, and improved workflow. Future randomized studies are needed to determine whether CBCIN use translates into improved renal and clinical outcomes.


This short essay overviews the changing image of the Ottomans in Hungarian historiography from the late 19th century to the 1990s. It maintains that whereas the Ottoman Empire had received a generally negative treatment from the nationalist historiographies of the empire's successor states in the Balkans and the Middle East, Hungarian historiography has been more divided and has offered a more diverse view with regard to the country's Ottoman centuries. As in the case of the biased treatment of the new nation-states of the Balkans and the Middle East, the more balanced Hungarian attitude has its political and cultural-historiographical background, which is briefly addressed in the paper.


The article covers: problems and errors reform of the housing and communal systems in the country, financial tricks manager dedicated to a false interpretation of the concept of "obschedomovyh" consumption of electricity, water, gas, heat, violating the logic pin knowledge in decision-making companies.


Let $a\in\mathbb{R}$ denote an unknown stationary target with a known distribution $\mu\in\mathcal{P(\mathbb{R}})$, the space of probability measures on $\mathbb{R}$. A diffusive searcher $X(\cdot)$ sets out from the origin to locate the target. The time to locate the target is $T_a=\inf\{t\ge0: X(t)=a\}$. The searcher has a given constant diffusion rate $D>0$, but its drift $b$ can be set by the search designer from a natural admissible class $\mathcal{D}_\mu$ of drifts. Thus, the diffusive searcher is a Markov process generated by the operator $L=\frac D2\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+b(x)\frac d{dx}$. % equivalently, $X(\cdot)$ satisfies the stochastic differential equation %$X(t)=W(t)+\int_0^tb(X(s))ds$, where $W(\cdot)$ is a standard Brownian motion. For a given drift $b$, the expected time of the search is \begin{equation} \int_{\mathbb{R}} (E^{(b)}_0T_a)\thinspace\mu(da). \end{equation} Our aim is to minimize this expected search time over all admissible drifts $b\in\mathcal{D}_\mu$. For measures $\mu$ that satisfy a certain balance condition between their restriction to the positive axis and their restriction to the negative axis, a condition satisfied, in particular, by all symmetric measures, we can give a complete answer to the problem. We calculate the above infimum explicitly, we classify the measures for which the infimum is attained, and in the case that it is attained, we calculate the minimizing drift explicitly. For measures that do not satisfy the balance condition, we obtain partial results.


Synthetic antiferromagnetic layers (SAF) are incorporated into spin transfer nanopillars giving a layer composition [Cobottom/Ru/Cofixed]/Cu/Cofree, where square brackets indicate the SAF. The Cobottom and Cofixed layers are aligned antiparallel (AP) by strong indirect exchange coupling through the Ru spacer. All three magnetic layers are patterned, so this AP alignment reduces undesirable dipole fields on the Cofree layer. Adding the Cobottom/Ru layers reduces the spin polarization of the electron current passing through the nanopillar, leading to a decreased spin-torque per unit current incident on the Cofree layer. This may be advantageous for device applications requiring a reduction of the effects of a spin-torque, such as nanoscale current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistive read heads.


Clusterwise linear regression (CLR) is a well-known technique for approximating a data using more than one linear function. It is based on the combination of clustering and multiple linear regression methods. This article provides a comprehensive survey and comparative assessments of CLR including model formulations, description of algorithms, and their performance on small to large-scale synthetic and real-world datasets. Some applications of the CLR algorithms and possible future research directions are also discussed.


Introduction: The effect of selected types of exercise on BMI z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents has not been established. Hypothesis: Exercise (aerobic and/or strength) impro...


In the given work the author makes use of the morphological analysis of the standard documentation, scientific and methodical sources. The variant of allocation of the pedagogical terms and some relations between them are suggested.


Situated on a coastal sand bar, Pingasagruk is a habitation site with prehistoric and historic components. Data from systematic surface sampling led to analyses that show different artifact distribution patterns on and off this site and suggest the dispersals are due to storms and erosion, in addition to human activity. To explain the disparate distributions of cultural materials, this study uses a model of hydrologic artifact dispersal and, possibly, differential sorting. Differences in distribution patterns at Pingasagruk highlight the importance of considering how cultural and noncultural transformation processes affect the occurrence of sites and their artifacts. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised regarding the potential risk of mesh complications after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the risk of mesh and nonmesh morbidity after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy and to compare the safety of synthetic meshes with biological grafts. DESIGN: This was a retrospective review. SETTINGS: The study used data collated from prospective pelvic floor databases in 5 centers (3 in the United Kingdom, 1 in Australia, and 1 in Italy). PATIENTS: All of the patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral rectopexy over a 14-year period (1999–2013) at these centers were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was mesh morbidity, classified as vaginal erosion, rectal erosion, rectovaginal fistula, or perineal erosion. Secondary outcomes were nonmesh morbidity. RESULTS: A total of 2203 patients underwent surgery; 1764 (80.1%) used synthetic mesh and 439 (19.9%) used biological grafts. There were 2 postoperative deaths (0.1%). Forty-five patients (2.0%) had mesh erosion, including 20 vaginal, 17 rectal, 7 rectovaginal fistula, and 1 perineal. Twenty-three patients (51.1%) required treatment for minor erosion morbidity (local excision of stitch/exposed mesh), and 18 patients (40.0%) were treated for major erosion morbidity (12 laparoscopic mesh removal, 3 mesh removal plus colostomy, and 3 anterior resection). Erosion occurred in 2.4% of synthetic meshes and 0.7% of biological meshes. The median time to erosion was 23 months. Nonmesh complications occurred in 11.1% of patients. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study including patients with minimal follow-up. The study was unable to determine whether patients will develop future erosions, currently have asymptomatic erosions, or have been treated in other institutions for erosions. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy is a safe operation. Mesh erosion rates are 2% and occasionally require resectional surgery that might be reduced by the use of biological graft. An international ventral mesh registry is recommended to monitor mesh problems and to assess whether type of mesh has any impact on functional outcomes or the need for revisional surgery for nonerosion problems.


This paper describes the design of a method to simulate the implantation of an Amulet-type occluder using a 3D model of the left atrium appendage. A methodology was developed for the 3D printing of left atrial models followed by simulation of implantation. CT DICOM data for creating the 3D model were obtained from a retrospective cohort of patients with left atrial appendage occluder closure. These data were used to print 3D models, and a simulation of the Amulet occluder implantation was performed on these models. A demo set of all sizes was tested to select the most optimal size. The success of the methodology was verified in all 33 patients. The average left atrial modeling time was 11.3 min, and the average printing time was 4:40 hours. With a resin consumption of 21.2 mL, the average cost per model is $2. The final methodology has become a routine part of preoperative planning in patients prior to left atrial appendage closure, and prospective data will answer whether it contributes to a decrease in operative time, radiation dose during surgery, and number of repositions. Any improvements may contribute to reducing the cost of implantation.


Neutral lipid storage disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, liver steatosis, hepatosplenomegaly, cataracts, ataxia, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal and cardiomyopathy, growth and mental retardation. We report a case of neutral lipid storage disease in a 14 months old child.


We show that the modalized Heyting calculus introduced by Leo Esakia admits a normal axiomatization. Then, we prove that the inference rules $\square\alpha/\alpha$ and $\square\alpha\rightarrow\alpha/\alpha$ are admissible in this calculus. Finally, we show that this calculus and intuitionistic propositional calculus are assertorically equipollent, which leads to a variant of limited separation property for the modalized Heyting calculus.


By using logic functions we can express sign function, rectangular function, box car function and Heaviside function. It is also possible to express the functions such as square wave, triangular wave, sawtooth wave and rectangular wave.


Drought stress in crop  occurs due to imbalance between water supply and demand.  Crop responses to drought stress  depend on their ecotypes.  This study was aimed at examining the tolerance of the physic nut ecotype to drought stress in inceptisol. This study was conducted at Silviculture greenhouse, Forestry Faculty IPB, from September to December 2007. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the experiment, i.e. water content (80, 60, and 40 % of field capacity) and physic nut ecotypes (Palu, NTB, IP-A, and IP-P) The results showed that (1) drought reduced stem diameter (31.4%), root length (65.49%) and leaf area (72.73%), and decreased plant dry weight (74.83%),(2) tolerance level of the evaluated physic nuts on the drought stress were moderate tolerance (IP-1A, NTB,  Palu) and sensitive (IP- Pakuwon). Key words:  physic nut, drought stress, tolerance


1. General Introduction 2. Introduction to Spline Models 3. Splines with Known Knot Locations 4. Splines with Unknown Knot Locations 5. Splines with an Unknown Number of Knots 6. Summary and Conclusions


Properties of Small Ordered Graphs Whose Vertices are Weighted by Their Degree by Constance M. Blalock Graphs can effectively model biomolecules, computer systems, and other applications. A weighted graph is a graph in which values or labels are assigned to the edges of the graph. However, in this thesis, we assign values to the vertices of the graph rather than the edges and we modify several standard graphical measures to incorporate these vertex weights. In particular, we designate the degree of each vertex as its weight. Previous research has not investigated weighting vertices by degree. We find the vertex weighted domination number in connected graphs, beginning with trees, and we define how weighted vertices can affect eccentricity, independence number, and connectivity.


The Fontan operation has certainly changed the quality of life in patients with congenital heart disease with functionally single ventricle, and the perioperative survival has dramatically improved owing to recent medical advances and modifications of the surgical technique. The postoperative course of these patients varies widely with relatively high morbidity and mortality compared with the course of patients in whom congenital heart disease has been treated with other types of definitive repairs. However, long-term management strategies of these patients have not yet been established because of a lack of information on the entire postoperative course of the unique hemodynamics and insufficient understanding of the pathophysiology of this type of heart failure. Our institute has developed a unique approach to overcome these clinical problems and has tried to provide these patients with better medical care using precise serial comprehensive assessments of the pathophysiology, including hemodynamics, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, hepatorenal conditions, and even metabolic abnormalities. Thanks to these daily practices, we have clarified some of the complicated heart failure pathophysiology to some extent, and some patients have benefited from these results. However, additional complications have emerged as these patients aged and raise many questions.


Abstract : Poor military and political leadership during the first two years of the War of 1812 resulted in two failed attempts by American armies to invade Canada. These disasters prompted the purging of incompetent and aging Revolutionary War veterans from the upper echelons of the army and their replacement with younger and more capable officers. In 1814, George Izard at 38 years old became one of the youngest major generals in U.S. Army history. The only general officer in the war to have received formal military training in Europe, expectations ran high that Major General Izard would turn the tide of the war in the American's favor. Despite his exemplary military performance in 1812 and 1813, Izard's generalship during the 1814 Niagara Campaign received criticism from contemporaries and historians for failing to act decisively. At the start of the campaign he found himself in command with uncoordinated and poorly communicated strategic objectives, a split command in the 9th Military District, and a Secretary of War attempting to control activities from Washington D.C. For these reasons, a deep analysis of Izard's performance is needed to determine whether his leadership furthered or hindered the strategic and operational goals of the theater of operations.


Background and Objectives: Marine algae are one of the natural resources which produce a wide range of new secondary metabolites with various biological activities such as antitumor and anticancer properties. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the invitro cytotoxic effect of marine algae Gelidiella acerosa organic extracts against breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (HT-29) cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, cell lines of breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (HT-29) were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations (125, 250, 500 ,and 1000 μg/ml) of algae extracts cultured cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue assay. DNA fragmentation activity of the cells was evaluated by the 2% agarose gel after cell culturing by the different concentration of the algae extracts, trypsination ,and precipitation by RNAase. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Results: Survival of cancer cells in both methods was inversely correlated with the concentration and the percentage of survival decreased with increasing concentration. Concentration of 1000 µg/ml of methanol extract showed the greatest effect compared with the controls (p less-than 0.05). The methanolic extract LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) on colorectal and breast cancer cells was 724.48±25.52 and 845.36±41.05 µg/ml, respectively. Also, methanolic extract of algae was able to fragment the DNA of cancer cells and induce apoptosis dose dependent (p less-than 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, results showed seaweed extract can be the basis for further studies in order to recognize the chemical compounds of the extracts. Also, after invivo, preclinical, and clinical studies the extract can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Key words: Cytotoxicity, MTT assay, Marine algae, Apoptosis, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer Funding: This study was funded by the Iranian Science, Research ,and Technology Ministry for Research number 3.82601. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethical Committee of Chabahar Maritime University approved the study. How to cite this article: Bavi Z, Ghaffari M, Taheri A, Soheili F. The Cytotoxic Effect of Chabahar Coast Marine Algae Gelidiella Acerosa Organic Extracts on Breast (MCF-7) and Colorectal (HT-29) Cancer Cell Lines. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(8): 757-68. [Farsi]


In the context of the international problem of 'early school leaving', this paper explores the issue of sustained participation in upper secondary education in England. It focuses in particular on the position of middle attainers, who constitute a large proportion of the cohort and whose progress will be vital in realising the Government's goal of 'Raising the Participation Age' to 18 by 2015. The paper draws on evidence from national research undertaken as part of the Nuffield Review of 14-19 Education and Training in England and Wales and analysis of New Labour and Coalition policy between 2000-2012. It uses a three-year local study of 2400 14- and 16-year-olds in an established school/college consortium to illustrate the effects of policy and practice on middle attainers. We argue that this important group of young people was 'half-served' by New Labour, because of its incomplete and contradictory 14-19 reforms, and is now being 'overlooked' by Coalition policy because of its emphasis on high attainers. We conclude by suggesting a range of measures to support the 14+ participation, progression and transition of middle attainers in the English education and training system


Process technology has been driving the computer architecture industry during the last two decades. Until recently, most of the micro-architectures were focused on achieving best performance, usually for a single threaded application, within a given budget of transistors. Recently, power consumption and power density start to be an important factor in the design of new processors. This new trend, presents new challenges for both the hardware developer community as well as for the software community.Power consumption can be divided into two components: static and dynamic. The static power, also known as leakage power, is the power consumed when the logic or the memory circuits are not in used while the dynamic power represents the power consumed when the logic or memory circuits are active. In the past, the static power consumption was negligible and so deserves no special treatment. As the size of transistor shrinks, static power starts to be more significant and under some usage models it can even governs the overall power consumption of the system. In order to control both static and dynamic power consumption, different techniques were proposed, such as the use of advanced circuits that were optimized for low power (this is out of the scope of my presentation), the use of advance power management techniques, uses of new computer architectures and more. This presentation will be focused on power management in general and on power management of memory subsystem in particular.Improving the power consumption of the memory subsystem has been very active research and development area during the last few years. At the micro-architecture level, different methods have been proposed; e.g., Drowsy cache [1,2] calls to lower the power consumption of parts of the memory when not expected to be used in the near future. The power saving is achieved in the cost of increasing the access time to those parts of the memory if the prediction was incorrect. The Decay caches is another technique that calls to farther save power of "un-used" memory by "cutting the power" to these cells on the cost of loosing their content[3]. Intel announced lately a new technique called "smart memory control" that combines the power management mechanism together with leakage control of the memory [4]. Few other works, such as [5] suggest combining software techniques with hint the hardware what memory is needed and even to compress the data and the instruction in order to reduce the footprint of the program [6].Another important aspect of the power crisis on memory management is the intensive usage of parallel system. While in the past, fast improvement in performance was achieved by accelerating the speed of the processor, when power consumption and power density limitations are considered, the improvement in frequency should be limited and so the "natural" way to keep performance improvement at the same pace is to use parallel execution [7]. Adding more processors to the system requires increasing number of levels in the memory hierarchy and the size of each of them. Smart management of such a complicated memory subsystem brings-up new research opportunities such as how to balance the usage of shared resources and how to reduce their average power consumption.My presentation will have three parts: (1) the power crisis; what causes it and what are the current trends to handle it, (2) power management mechanisms, at the various levels; hardware, compiler, and operating system and (3) the new multicore architectures and their advanced memory hierarchy. For each of these issues I will discuss the main technology challenges together with current development and research directions.


This chapter starts by summarizing Rainer Albertz's argument. It discusses the interconnection between two concepts, monotheism and violence, by taking Jan Assmann's provocative argument about monotheism in the Hebrew Bible as his point of departure. Assmann argues that the Hebrew Bible tells a story of the enforcement of monotheism as a history of violence. The chapter discusses the questions with the issue of defining violence and also focuses on one aspect of violence that occurs frequently in the Bible in order to point to the possible consequences for others then and now. Stereotyping is a form of violence that may seem relatively harmless, but it can easily lead to disrespect or vilification of outsiders; and some of these outsiders may, in fact, belong to the in-group. Keywords: Bible; Hebrew; Jan Assmann; monotheism; Rainer Albertz; violence


ObjectiveTo find out the relationship between gastric intramucosal pH and intestinal tissue oxygenation. MethodsA simultaneous determination of arterial blood HCO - 3 concentration and intraluminal PCO 2 was conducted to calculate gastric intramucosal pH(pHi) by using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.ResultsThere was a great decrease in pHi and portal lactate concentration (Lac p ) at hemorrhagic shock. pHi reflected not only the intestinal tissue oxygenation but also the systemic oxygenation, and it correlated markedly with gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Conclusion pHi may be a good parameter to indicate the adequacy of tissue oxygenation and it may be a good index in critical care.


A flume test equipment was develop to identify quantitatively characteristics of runout distance of debris. A flume test equipment is composed with the rainfall simulator, flume and measurement sensors for pore water pressure and displacement. The factors for the tests are hourly rainfall, slope angle and soil density. It is leaved on record that the moisture contents, displacement of failures and run out distance of debris were measured during the flume tests. All of the test processes were taken by digital cameras and video cameras.


【Objective】 To objective the therapeutic effect of BICOM allergy therapy in the near future for allergic airway disease in children. 【Methods】 All patients were diagnosed and treated by BICOM allergy therapy.Allergy treatment took with the inverse oscillations of the allergen diagnosed and amplification. 【Results】 House dust mite(HDM),mold and pollen were the most frequent allergen.90.35 percent of cases had imposed greatly by BICOM allergy therapy. 【Conclusion】 BICOM allergy therapy was useful to treat the allergy patients without any side effect.


477 stills taken during the making of the films this might add to the interest of both. Films have been successfully used for some years for agricultural propaganda in Malaya and for health propaganda in Nigeria, and it cannot any longer be objected that their value is problematical or that the expense of making and exhibiting them is prohibitive. Agricultural Departments could have one of their own officers trained to take the films and send them to be processed by the trade. Obviously, however, much better films could be obtained if a qualified producer, who might be his own camera-man, were employed. Such a man could serve several colonies in turn and all would benefit by his accumulated experience. Cinema equipment for silent 16-mm. films complete with projector, screen, engine and dynamo, microphone and loud-speakers, all easily transported by lorry or car, could be obtained for less than £100. {(Communicated by MR. G. C. LATHAM.)


We report an inexpensive yet scalable templating technique for fabricating moth-eye antireflection gratings on gallium antimonide substrates. Non-close-packed colloidal monolayers are utilized as etching masks to pattern subwavelength-structured nipple arrays on GaSb. The resulting gratings exhibit superior broadband antireflection properties and thermal stability than conventional multilayer dielectric coatings. The specular reflection of the templated nipple arrays match with the theoretical predictions using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis model. The effect of the nipple shape and size on the antireflection properties has also been investigated by the same model. These biomimetic coatings are of great technological importance in developing efficient thermophotovoltaic cells.


The physics of the hadron-hadron collider experiment is considered from an experimental point of view. The problems encountered in determination of how well the standard model describes collider results are discussed. 53 refs., 58 figs.


With the off-shell one-loop calculation for massless non-Abelian gauge theories in the general covariant gauge we study properties of the gauge coupling renormalized at finite temperature and at finite density, mainly focusing on its dependence on the (finite) baryon-number density rho/sub B/ (or on the chemical potential ..mu../sub B/). The strong and severe vertex dependence is shown to come out for the ..mu../sub B/ dependence as well as on the temperature (T) dependence: In terms of the parameter zetaequivalent..mu../sub B//T the coupling defined through the three-gluon vertex shows a lnchemically bondzetachemically bond behavior, whereas the one defined through the fermion-gluon vertex shows a strong zeta/sup 2/ behavior. This strong vertex dependence survives even at T = 0. Difficulties appearing in the perturbative calculation of physical quantities, indicated by this disaster, are discussed. We also discuss what insight might be gained from the present analysis for the ''(magnetic) screening '' of effective charge.


In the standard galaxy formation model, cold dark matter (CDM) drives the hierarchical structure formation. However, recently it is suggested that the satellite galaxy NGC1052-DF2, a member of the elliptical galaxy NGC1052 group, has a very little dark matter component compared to the theoretical predictions. 27 dark-matter-deficient galaxies have been discovered, but it is difficult to explain their formation process in the CDM model. We investigate the formation process through dark matter subhalo (DMSH) collisions using three-dimensional numerical simulations. As a result, we show the bifurcation sequence of the formation of dark-matter-dominated galaxies and dark-matter-deficient galaxies. In the case of low-speed collisions, a merger of the two DMSHs produces dark-matter-dominated galaxies. However, the two DMSHs penetrate each other, but the gaseous mediums collide for the middle-speed encounter. The enhancement of the gas density induces a burst of star formation, and then a dwarf galaxy without a dark matter halo forms at the interface of the DMSH collision.


Based on atmospheric data and models, the tropical CO2 source anomaly reaches up to 2 GtC yr−1, but the respective contributions of the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans to this flux are difficult to quantify. Here we present a new method for estimating CO2 fluxes from oceanic observations based on the surprisingly good predictive skill of temperature and salinity for surface dissolved inorganic carbon. Using historical temperature and salinity data, we reconstruct the basin scale CO2 flux to the atmosphere in the equatorial Pacific from 1982 to 1993. We find that interannual anomalies do not exceed 0.4±0.2 GtC yr−1 which suggests that up to 80% of the tropical CO2 source anomaly is due to the terrestrial biosphere.


Abstract Nitrogen (N) affects the number, size, disposition, and distribution of cotton (Gossypium spp.) bolls. Mapping cotton plants for boll number and position may help explain yield responses to N. Cotton was planted in central Louisiana on a Norwood silt loam soil [fine‐silty, mixed (calcareous), thermic Typic Udifluvent] in 1990 and 1992 and fertilized with N at seven rates ranging from 0 to 168 kg ha‐1 in 28‐kg increments. Plants were harvested from plots at maturity and bolls were mapped. Yield fit to a quadratic curve both years and increased with N to a maximum between 120 and 150 kg ha‐1 and then decreased. The number of fruiting branches generally coincided with yield in response to N both years. Total boll counts increased with N to a maximum and then decreased. Most harvestable bolls were in the middle portion of the cotton plant in both years. In 1990, there were more bolls in the lower part of the plant than in the upper while the reverse was true in 1992. In 1990, the percentage of bolls ...


This paper deals with a new species of Chrysacris from Inner Mongolia,China.Typespeciman is deposited in the Department of Biology, Northeast Normal University.Chrysacris manzhoulensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1-6)Male:size small. The widest part of vertex at the front of eyes is 1. 5 times the lengthfrom the anterior maigin of eyes to the fastigium. Frons seen in profile quite sloping. Frontalridge narrow, with a shallow groove through all its length. Foveolae weak and triangular.Eyes oval, its vertical diameter is 1. 5 times the horizontal diameter, and 1. 6 times thelength of the subocular suture. Lateral carina of pronotum distinct at prozona, but nearlydisappear at metazona; the length of prozona about 1. 3 times the length of metazona. Thelength of the space between the lateral lobes of mesosternum about 1. 5 times the narrowestwidth. Elytra long,the greatest width of the costal area equals to the anterior cubital area, 2times of the median area. Inner side of hind femur provided with a row of stridulatory pegs,which are 74 in number. Hind tibia with 14 spines on the out side, 13 spines on the innerside, without external apical spine.Female: unknow.Length of body 14. 7mm; length of pronotum 3. 0mm:Length of elytra 17. 8mm; length of hind femur 8. 8mm.This new species is allied to Chrysasni qinlingensis Zheng and Chrysacris fiavida Liang,but the new species differs from the Ch. qinlingensis in the smaller size, the length ofmesosternal interspace 1. 5 times greater than its narrower part, the stridulatory pegs 74 innumber, the epiphallus different in shape; the new species differs from the Ch. fiavda inthe frons quite sloping in profile, frontal ridge with a shallow groove through all its length,lateral carina of pronotum nearly disappear at metazona, the greatest width of the anteriorcubital area 2 times of the median area.Holotype , Manzhouli (48°49' N, 117°25'E ), Inner Monglia, 2. Ⅷ. 1986, collected byZHANG Feng-ling.


In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of electric power steering(eps) system,the fault-tolerant control theory is used to design the feedback control for eps system and the control rule for sensor failure in the linear continuous system is described.On the basis of riccati equation,the design method and steps of fault-tolerant controller are given from the view of optimal control.By taking electric power steering of a certain mini car as research object,the simulation calculation is carried out.By applying such fault-tolerant controller for the eps system,the simulation results show that the system has no sensitiveness to the sensor faults,and the method can satisfy the demand of fault-tolerant control.


Effects of Chinese herbal medicine extracts with different concentrations on the fruit quality and antioxidant enzyme activities of seedless"Shatang"mandarin were evaluated in this study. Results indicated that the treatments with Chinese herbal medicine extracts decrease rate of rot and fruit weight loss and retard the decreases of content of total soluble solids (TSS),titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid. The"Shatang"mandarin treated with the 50-times diluted natural extract has the best fresh-keeping quality with good fruit rate 98% during storage of 40 days at room temperature, 10% higher than that of control, and the water loss rate only 1.88%. It is also showed that the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in peel are increased by Chinese herbal medicine extract during the initial 20 days, and the activity of superoxide (SOD) is reduced during later storage.


Based on the model of gaming theory,this paper proposes that in any repeated transactions,as long as each party cares about each other's long-term interest,there will be a Pareto optimality strategy which will further promote the cooperative relationship among each party.Further more,this paper reveals that the relationship between butt organizations is both competitional and cooperational,and further studies of this topic may enhance the efficient market-production based docking by cooperative organizations.


Aluminium nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited on glass substrates, using aluminium and nitrogen as source materials, by hollow cathode discharge (HCD)-type ion plating. The films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared transmission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, and their densities were measured. The phase of the deposits changed from Al to Al+AlN and to AlN with an increase in nitrogen flow rate. The structure of the AlN films varied from a dense structure to columnar structure with a rise in nitrogen flow rate. The film with the dense structure had a density near the theoretical value. Oxygen caused by the attack of H2O in air was detected only on the surface of films with the dense structure, but throughout the inside of the films with the columnar structure.


Research background: Economic development in sub-Saharan Africa is of para-mount importance, yet it escapes most of the attempts to understand it better in the economic discourse and it remains a sensitive issue in politics, contradicting stake holders on national and international levels. The region still lags behind oth-ers in terms of technological advancement and economic development. It grew significantly in the precedent decade, but the extent of growth has not sufficiently translated to its development. Determining strategies for sub-Saharan Africa is a scientific challenge, which requires more attention. In the globalized, interconnect-ed reality, solving problems of the South is in the best interest of the North. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to analyse structural changes as factors of economic development in the best performing sub-Saharan African countries on the grounds of new structural economics in order to provide policy implications. Methodology/methods: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa and Gabon were se-lected as best performing economies in the region. Based on the literature review and the analysis of descriptive statistics, profiles of sample countries were set. This in turn allowed to determine potential explanatory variables for OLS model of economic development. In the model, factors relating to labour productivity, tech-nology and structural change were included. The data was sourced from WDI database, Gretl software was used for computations. Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to explain structural changes in the process of economic development in the sub-Saharan region on the sample of best performing states. New structural economics concept was applied to understand the problem of. Based on the results, policy implications were proposed with respect to technology promotion, natural re-sources management, and quality of institutions. The research was limited by data availability and reliability.


ABSTRACK Coconut plant (Cocos nucifera L) is a multifunction plant or a plant that has a high value of economy. In every part of the coconut plant can be use for every people needs because almost in every part of plant such as: the trunk, root, leafs and the fruits can be use for the everyday needs. Pest is one of the inhibitor factor in the production of coconut. The purpose of this research is to know the use some kind of traps with pheromone to the coconut beetle O. rhinoceros. This research is held in four different villages Kima Atas, Mapanget, Kayuwatu and Paniki, since last June until September 2013. This research use four different kinds of traps: trap A, trap B, trap C and trap D and in every inside trap there is a pheromone with the same dosage placed in four location were in every location there are four kinds of traps. The materials and the tools the we use in this research is sintetic pheromone for O. rhinoceros (ethyl-4-mathyloctanoata), four kinds of trap from Balit Palma, knife. machete, container, marker, label, camera and stationery. The result of this research shows that the largest amount of O. rhinoceros is found in trap B (126.0 insects),then trap C (30.0 insect), trap A (24.0 insects), and the lowest is found in trap D (15.0 insect), and base on the gender, female (111 insects) male (84 insect). Keywords: Coconut, O. rhinoceros, Pheromone, Trap


KEYWORD: Build-up, welding, tubular joint, assembly ABSTRACT: As the stronger desire of human for energy and space, offshore jackets are used more and more for these. As the excellent fluid mechanics feature of the tubular member, it is widely used in jacket structures. According to the introduction of the process of casting steel joint and directly weld joint, this page expounds the advantages and disadvantages of them and put forward a new style welded tubular joint. This paper also gives some advises on dimension control and reducing re- sidual stress. All this contribute to a new way for the building of tubular joint of jacket or other simi- lar structures. By integrating the advantages of casting steel joint and directly weld joint, a new type welded tubular joint was developed with the build-up welding. It is easily to assemble and has low residual stress. Because of its integrity, failure probability will be reduced by using this kind tubular joint in jacket.


Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of patients with hepatitis E.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 127 cases of patients with hepatitis E.Results The farmers and self-employed persons were the majority of the patients.The incidence of hepatitis E was higher in the second quarter of each year.The main manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms.The levels of total bilirubin were significantly higher in patients with non-isolated hepatitis E than those in patients with isolated hepatitis E(P0.05),the levels of albumin and prothrombin activity were lower in patients with non-isolated hepatitis E than those in patients with isolated hepatitis E(P0.05),there were no differences in alanine aminotransferase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase between the two kinds of patients(P0.05).125 patients were discharged with full recovery,and 2 died.Conclusion The farmers and self-employed persons are prone to hepatitis E.The magority of patients with hepatitis E have favorable prognosis.Patients with non-isolated hepatitis E are more prone to hyperbilirubinemia,hypoalbuminemia and abnormal coagulation function compared to patients with isolated hepatitis E virus infection.


The presentation went well. There was a good sized audience (16) and the discussant provided extensive comments, some of the more detailed I have ever received. The empirical data was seen as excellent, enough really for a possible book. It was suggested that the normative theoretical side be enhanced and refined.


The aim of this chapter is to propose the design of an anthropomorphic Virtual Shopping Assistant (VSA), endowed with an advanced system, to be used in the context of an innovative technologically based in-store service. The VSA is able to provide information based on a knowledge management system. It is based on the perceived best human typical seller's characteristics, as well as on the results of psychological studies on consumers' perception of virtual characters. In particular, its interface is anthropomorphic, and thus capable of displaying emotions. This VSA can be used as a mobile application or installed in stores


The doping effect of Cd ions on the giant dielectric response in Ca1−xCdxCu3Ti4O12 ceramics with x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 was studied in the frequency range of 10 kHz–1 MHz over the temperature range of 300–850 K. It is found that the chemical substitution of Cd ions at the Ca sites results in decrease in dielectric constant by 9% – 55% for Cd-doped CaCu3Ti4O12, at room temperature. Although the decrease in the dielectric constant was observed by Cd doping, no drastic suppression of dielectric response could be observed by Cd-doping. The dielectric anomaly was found at T1 (727 K for x=0.05), which suggests a phase transition. This T1 decreases linearly with increasing x. CdCu3Ti4O12 is still a member of high-dielectric materials.


Deconstruction tufted carpet having at least a portion of the visible primary backing. In some aspects, the carpet can be deconstructed primary backing layer and the entire pattern as a pattern design element to reduce the material used and the final ounce weight carpet waste, and improved carpet construction method. In order to expose primary backing, at least some of the yarn can be pulled to expose a very low primary backing layer in the pattern area. It is contemplated that the backing layer may have a main part of a color pattern and includes whole carpet style.


(Abstract) The present study attempts to evaluate selected indigenous composting microorganisms for formulating a microbial consortium to prepare a vermicompost along with earthworm, Eisenia fetida Savingy from five different agro-residues which are available in plenty in the study area, namely, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India, and to conduct pot culture studies using Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp to test the efficacy of the vermicompost for its growth and yield.


. In this article, we study the existence of periodic mild solutions for a class of second order evolution equations with not instantaneous impulses. The techniques used are some fixed point theorems in Banach spaces (Darbo and Kuratowski fixed point theorems), the Poincar´e operator and the measure of noncompactness.


Morphology and elemental compositions of individual dust particles were investigated with the use of Asian dust samples collected at a site along the Sea of Japan side of the archipelago. Our results indicate the preferential formation of chloride in Ca‐containing dust particles (0.1 < Cl/Ca < 0.65) in cases when the particles contain little or no sulfate. Most of them are in an amorphous state and nearly spherical even under high vacuum. A likely explanation for the results is that highly soluble salts such as calcium chloride (CaCl2) are formed as a result of heterogeneous reactions of dust particles with chloride precursor gases (mostly, HCl) in the marine atmosphere. The chloride formation is expected to play an important role in enhancing the hygroscopicity of dust particles.


Physical justification of a hypothesis that liquid metal in a melting bath and in a converter can be mixed with external rotational magnetic field is carried out. Numerical solution of the kinetic equations for casual collisions with use of free path length and of effective sections of atoms shows that concentration of impurities can decrease to a desired level in time interval ranging from units of minutes to several seconds. This proves the need forbetter mixing of molten metal with use of magnetic field for increased efficiency of production cycle. It is assumed that free atoms of carbon C and oxygen O in liquid metal don't lose kinetic energy as a result of potential interactions with atoms of Fe. Therefore this model works approximately. Procedure for exact integration of equation of motion for a Brown particle in three-dimensional case is shown.


Person Centered Medicine is fundamentally aimed at promoting the health and well-being of the totality of the person. Here the person is the key concept as the center and goal of health care. An important implication is that the focus of contemporary medicine should be shifted from disease to patient to person. In the clinical arena, Iona Heath has spoken critically of "promotion of disease and distortion of medicine" and concerning public health, WHO's definition of health as "a state of complete physical, emotional and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease" is compelling


This paper presents a study recently made to establish guidelines for the south expansion of the Porto Metropolitan Area light-metro system in the short-, the medium, and the long-term. The Porto Metropolitan Area, in northen Portugal, has approximately 1,200,000 inhabitants and is one of the fastest-growing regions of the country. The initial solution adopted for the light-metro system will properly serve the north part of the area, but it is far from matching the transport needs of people living in the south part


In theology as in other disciplines important changes in method and subject-matter occur from time to time. Sometimes these changes prove to be no more than transient fashions: 'Death-of-God' theology in the late 1960s appears now to belong to that category. Its exact contemporary, just developing in Latin America at that time and subsequently known as liberation theology, has proved to have much greater staying power and much greater impact on Christian theology beyond the geographical and cultural confines of its origins. Indeed it has become the major theological influence throughout the Christian world over the last two decades. And that influence is undoubtedly due to the theological profundity as well as the social relevance of the original intuition which discovered in this traditional Christian word and metaphor the key to so much that Christianity might offer to the fearful, struggling people of our time. This chapter seeks to review sympathetically yet critically some of the major achievements of that paradigm shift in Christian theology, to link it with another potentially transforming Christian metaphor, that of 'New Creation', and to relate both to the first world, European and Irish location of the author.


Using the Glauber model,the numbers of participants,spectators and as well as the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions were calculated in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.The pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions was obtained by repeated addition of the rapidity distribution of nucleon-nucleon collision with consideration of the effect of energy loss and spectator particle influence.The theoretical results agree well with those of the experimental measurements of Au+Au collisions at high energy level carried out by PHOBOS Collaboration.


The actions that have a great likelihood of triggering environmental accidents, like in the petrochemical zone, it is sensible to imagine the environmental management to be a significant variable within the corporation's tactical arrangement . Nonetheless, this is not every time correct. In some circumstances, an alteration in the companies' policy, leaving a responsive situation and supposing a proactive one, only occurs upon the incidence of serious environmental coincidences with strong effect in the television. For the company that was the object of study, these coincidences provided rise to deep fluctuations in its environmental management, terminating in investments of about US$ 2. 61 billion in environment, healthiness and safety, from 2011 to 2015. This was the highest volume to date invested on these regions by an oil company. This case study seeks to discuss the integration between environmental management and strategic planning in the petrochemical zone over a period of 10 years (from 2005 to 2015) in order to make a contextual analysis of the period before and after the environmental accidents possible


Introduction: The Apgar score is a standardized method of assessing the primary adaptation and clinical status of a neonate after birth. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze the survival and the survival without moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) of neonates with a 10-min Apgar score of zero. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for reports published until November 2021 of neonates with a 10-min Apgar score of zero. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for case series/reports. Meta-analyses of the proportion of outcomes were conducted using a random-effects model for studies published after year 2000 and reporting >5 neonates. Meta-regression using the median year of the study period and subgroup analyses by treatment with therapeutic hypothermia and by gestational age were conducted. Results: Twenty-eight studies of 820 neonates with moderate risk of bias were included. Survival was 40% (95% confidence interval 30–50%, 16 studies, 646 neonates, I2 = 83%), and it increased by 2.3% per year (95% CI 1.3–3.2%, p < 0.001). Survival without moderate-to-severe NDI was 19% (95% confidence interval 11–27%, 13 studies, 211 neonates, I2 = 62%). Survival was higher for neonates who received therapeutic hypothermia and for those with a gestational age ≥32 weeks compared to <32 weeks. Conclusion: Approximately 2 in 5 neonates with a 10-min Apgar score of zero survived, and 1 in 5 survive without moderate-to-severe NDI survived. Survival has improved over the years, especially since the era of therapeutic hypothermia.


The effects of bias and nucleation layer thickness on heteroepitaxy in thin films of InN grown at 400 °C on semiconducting (111) silicon and insulating (00.1) sapphire are shown to be dramatically different. For example, the thickness of an InN film on nucleated (00.1) sapphire is independent of bias, while on nucleated (111) silicon the thickness varies by over a factor of two. Similarly, the excellent epitaxy of the InN films on nucleated (00.1) sapphire is unaffected by bias or AlN layer thickness, while quality epitaxy on nucleated (111) silicon is achieved only in a narrow range of these parameters. Determining the bounds for heteroepitaxial growth on (111) silicon is a crucial first step toward devices incorporating both sources or detectors and processing elements.


Research about nursing needs to be used as the foundation for both clinical and administrative practice. Concurrently, research findings about nursing need to be pushed beyond disciplinary boundaries into the larger health policy arena. To achieve these goals, the priorities of the nursing research community need to be realigned. Points to consider in setting an agenda that optimizes research about nursing include demonstrating the saliency of nursing as a variable in studies related to quality care and patient safety; exploiting a model of fast-track research to explore ideas most relevant to users and expedite getting findings to them; novel approaches for teaching clinical and administrative nurses how to use research in their practice; and developing a better understanding of how to successfully engage with policy makers.


The article considers poems of Azerbaijani and Uzbek peoples in the common development characteristics context. In modern poetry, the characteristics of the common developmentare determined in sound and harmony, oneness and style, blood and genes, religious and linguistic associations, parallel themes and ideas formed by a similar socio-political situation. Bakhtiyar Vahabzade, MammadAraz, Jabir Novruz, Halima Khudayverdiyeva, ErkinVahidov, Mohammed Yusif, DedehanHasan and other poets who started their creative activity during the Soviet Union, in independence years created a modern stage, their parallels in their creation causes developmentof the general Turkish poetry.The reflestions of the national identity consept in the works of these poets are extremely important.


Analyzed in this paper is the participation of different Belarusian scientists and specialists in CriMiCo organization for the period 1992–2008. Three aspects are considered: participation in the work of the committees, publications, organization of the committee sessions in Minsk (Belarus), personalia. The methods of bibliometric analysis are used.


Aims: Ginger, a rhizome ofZingiber officinale Roscoe (Fam. Zingiberaceae), has been widely used as a spice to enhance the flavor of food and beverages and for medical purposesin various diseases. Methodology: The reviewcovers the databases andarticles published between 2002 2013 via Medlineand published papers on the Internet from Scientific Information Database, MagIran and Irandoc. Literature searches were performed to identify all the researches on ginger for treatment properties. Results:The researchers conducted on ginger in medical field werenausea and vomiting in pregnancy, contraceptive pills nausea, dysmenorrhea, motion sickness, cough, ventilator associated pneumonia, rheumatic diseases, antibacterial and antiviral effects, nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, spermatogenesis, anti -hyperlipidemia,


Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to characterize the initial steps in the hydration of gas-phase BPTI (M+6H)6+ (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor with six protons). Experimentally, the first water molecule that binds to the BPTI (M+6H)6+ ion in the gas phase is special, with a particularly large-∆S°.1 The simulations suggest that the large -∆S° results from tetrahedral coordination of a water molecule within a cavity in the protein. Occupation of this type of hydration site stiffens the low-frequency modes of the protein, and leads to a substantial decrease in the vibrational entropy. The decrease in the vibrational entropy appears to be characteristic of tetrahedral coordination and is not observed for 2or 3-fold coordination. Water is known to have a profound effect on protein structure, function, and stability. 2-6 The contribution of protein -solvent interactions to protein folding has been studied extensively. 7-9


Observations on deep levels introduced in silicon by 1 MeV electron irradiation are reported using boron- or gallium-doped Czochralski (CZ) grown Si space solar cells with different doping concentrations, deep level transient spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to detect the radiation-induced deep levels. Present results provide evidence for new defect states in addition to those previously reported in gallium- and boron-doped Si. The combined boron and gallium data provide enough information to gain valuable insight into the role of the dopants on radiation induced defects in Si. The dominant donor-like electron level at EC−0.18 eV in boron-doped Si has not been observed in gallium-doped CZ-grown Si. A noticeable suppressing generation of the radiation-induced defects in gallium-doped Si is also observed, especially hole level EV+0.36 eV, which is thought to acts as a recombination center.


Abstract Performance indices of parallel manipulators (PMs) vary widely with the variation of geometric properties. Improvement of one parameter often leads to worsen the other parameters. Therefore, getting into an optimum design for the PMs has been subject of much recent research. In this paper, we optimize three performance parameters of a PM simultaneously including workspace, condition number, and stiffness. In addition, a new performance index is introduced for stiffness evaluation of the PMs. The index is invariant under similarities. Because of complexity of cost function and number of variables, choosing an optimization method that can converge to the optimum point is very important. We select particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and show that this algorithm is perfect for performance optimization of PMs. Furthermore, we propose a new subroutine added to PSO algorithm to improve its convergence.


Virtual Machine Migration not only assists in network load balancing, but also provides other benefits such as energy saving and efficient utilization of network bandwidth, to name a few. This survey focuses on the various techniques used for Virtual Machine Migration, and covers the traditional pre-copy approach along with its variants as well as some of the recently developed alternatives to it.


Scrap vehicle tire chips were used as packing material for sequential anaerobic–aerobic biofilm reactors to remove persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. Adsorption capacity of scrap tires was greater under acidic conditions than under basic conditions. However, it was only approximately 0.04 to 0.3% of that of activated carbon. The amount of biomass that attached to the surface of scrap tires was 3.16 and 3.72 mg volatile suspended solids/cm2 after 14 and 37 days, respectively. Two laboratory‐scale, down‐flow anaerobic–aerobic biofilm reactors packed with tire chips were operated to remove 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP) and 4‐chlorophenol (CP). More than 98% of DCP was dehalogenated to CP in the anaerobic reactor, 70 to 98% of which was subsequently degraded in the aerobic reactor. Scrap tires did not cause any operational problems when used as biofilter media.


Anesthesiologists not only adopted to the TQM model fairly early in contrast to the other clinicians and but busted the myth that medical topics cannot be addressed on the TQM platform using processes and systems.[5] Introducing and accepting safe surgery checklist, report of adverse anesthesia events, raising continuous quality improvement forms, conducting root cause analyses (RCA) for adverse as well as cardinal events are evidences. Oft repeated actions become good "models to standardize." Cardiac anesthesia provides excellent opportunities for providing one such model to harmonize procedures if not standardizing; it has been well utilized by the cardiac anesthesiologists, world over. A few of such "models" are, standardizing and assessing administering anesthesia in patients with valve disease/ischemic heart disease, carrying out transesophageal echocardiogram as per the guidelines[6] instituting cardiopulmonary bypass, and weaning from it, discontinuation of postoperative ventilation etc., Similar opportunities are aplenty in the field of cardiac surgery and cardiology as well. Many of us have developed "our" own "protocols" and treated our patients accordingly.


Fengshui woods are protected forest,and Chinese people believe that they have good or bad effects on a person,a family,a clan,a village and a town at present and in the future.These woods are natural forest or plantations,and form Fengshui woods culture in history gradually.This culture is a product of Chinese traditional Fengshui culture.By surveying the status quo of people's identity on the Fengshui woods in Guilin Houlong mountain,this paper explores inheritance ways of Fengshui woods culture and put forwards the protection system of Fengshui woods,which includes understanding the essence of Fengshui woods culture correctly through school education,building Fengshui woods protection system by forest protection laws and village regulations.