Introduction: During last decades satellite images have been used in order to detect medium and small scale impact structures in Africa, e.g. Space Shuttle SIR [1,2]. Few of them have been confirmed, other disctredited [3], but remote sensing approach is still suitable as a tool for individuating promising structures to be studied in the field. The recent release of ASTER ( Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ) images, with a ground resolution up to 15m/pixel , offered an enormous amount of data useful to new impact structures recognition. In this work the preliminary results of a systematic search for unknown impact structures in W Africa is presented. At the present state seven possible new small impact structures have been found using ASTER data. Their diameters vary from few hundreds of meters up to about 3 km. Few of them include a possible secondary crater. They appear bowl-shaped in most cases, with some exceptions showing a complex geometry. The search have been performed as sistematically as possible, with the available remote sensing coverage. The ASTER based remote sensing reconnaissance is going to be extended to Central-North Africa too in near future. The mean age of African surfaces is very old: most of the African Continent constitutes a craton with Precambrian basements and rather undeformed Phanerozoic sedimentary covers Moreover in large parts of Africa the actual morphogenesis is not as active as in temperate regions. This makes the preservation potential of impact structures much higher than in other regions (e.g. tectonically active). Nevertheless the number of proven or proposed impact structures is only 18 [4]. The attention have been concentrated on Mauritania, for the small amount of known craters [5,6], Mali and Niger (with no suggested craters). A large part of the detected structures are located in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Taoudenni basin [7]; few of them are located on Quaternary deposits (erg or alluvial). Structures description: No volcanic centres have been found in the vicinity of the observed structures. The proposed craters appear isolated and relatively small (between 0.5 and 3 km). An impact origin is likely. On the other hand the scale of the landforms is too small for being included in available geological maps [8,9]. Possibly some of them could be confused with dome structures. Only fieldwork could solve this ambiguity. The proposed names are based on closest toponyms found on available maps. Ouro Ndia (Mali, 15 N 4.5 W) The crater has a diameter of about 3 km and it is occupied by a small subcircular lake (Figure 1). It is located inside Niger inland delta area, on Quaternary deposits. It appears as an isolated landform, clearly outstanding over all the other small lakes, both in size and in shape. A drainage system is developed on the rim and possible Figure 1: Ouro Ndia: the structure is located in the Niger inland delta area (Aster RGB-321).


We construct families of optical semidiscrete composite solitons (SDCSs), with one or two independent propagation constants, supported by a planar slab waveguide, cross-phase-modulation coupled to a periodic array of stripes. Both structures feature the cubic nonlinearity and support intrinsic modes with mutually orthogonal polarizations. We report three species of SDCSs, odd, even, and twisted ones, the first type being stable. Transverse motion of phase-tilted solitons, with potential applications to beam steering, is considered also.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the number one cause of death globally, are of disorders related to the heart and blood vessels. In 2011, the World Health Organization reported that 80% of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Cardiothoracic patients in hospitals need to be monitored at different point-of-care, throughout their treatment procedures which generate vast amounts of clinical data that is highly complex, multi-dimensional, unstructured and multi-modal. These clinical data are represented in different formats and stored in heterogeneous digital platforms, while some others are still recorded on paper. Thus, medical practitioners cannot effectively integrate, apply and manipulate these data into knowledge for strategic clinical decision. Although there are some frameworks focuses on how health organizations manage their knowledge, they are still different in some aspects. In order to accelerate the research progress in knowledge management, it is time to review these models in detail and integrate them into a comprehensive framework to serve as a foundation for the research. The main objective of this research is to have a holistic view of these clinical information, in a streamline processes by proposing a generic work process framework for cardiothoracic clinical research at point-of-care settings.


In the middle of the last paragraph on page L471, the sentence beginning with 'The fluctuations of the laser fields in this theory. . .' should be replaced by 'The laser bandwidth effects in this theory are approximated by phenomenologically inserting the laser bandwidths in the effective transverse relaxation rates as defined above.' All numerical results and conclusions were obtained based on this phenomenological model and there is no change. If the phase diffusion model (Agarwal 1970) is adopted, the only changes necessary in the theory are: r;, = Tzl + 4y, and rj, = r31 +4y,+ yb. All other expressions in the theory are formally the same. Using these new r:j in equation (1) to obtain the threshold laser intensity 1; for observing the Autler-Townes splitting in H (at 1 Torr of He and with ya = 0.1 cm-'), one finds 1; = 4.4 x lo4 W cm-2 in the phase diffusion model, compared with 2 x lo4 W cm-* in the phenomenological model. This is confirmed by the calculated spectra shown in figure 1, where the results of the two models are


ABSTRACT This paper concerns the numerical stability of polyharmoni c spline reconstruction from multivariate irregular sample s. It is shown that the Lagrange basis functions of the polyharmonic spline reconstruction scheme are scale-invariant. Immedi at consequences of this result on the conditioning of the recon struction problem are first discussed, before a suitable pre conditioner is developed.


The COVID-19 pandemic and associated vaccine shortages in many places have caused immense suffering. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for finding the optimal vaccine allocation among interconnected populations. In particular, the analysis focuses on modelling how interaction and administrative constraints affect the optimal vaccine allocation. The proposed framework suggests that both factors affect the optimal vaccine allocation differently, especially when the shortage of vaccines is severe. Four hypotheses are put forward, which should be verified empirically in order to falsify the plausibility of the proposed theoretical framework.


The aetiology of perinatal stroke is poorly understood. This study aimed to prospectively confirm the risk factors and identify any previously unknown variables.


Objective:To study the activity of TNF α in MDS and AA. Methods:There were analysed cytogenetically including karyotypic analysis and SCD assay in a large series of MDS and AA.Among them TNF alpha activity of BM serum were detected by using ELISA in 23 MDS,17 AA,10 AL and 8 ITP.Results:The significant and moderately increased TNF alpha activity were found in AL( P 0.05) and MDS( P =0.1),which were related to their higher percentages of patients with cytogenetic abnormalities,while normal and lower TNF alpha activity were found in ITP( P =0.7) and AA( P =0.4),which were related to their zero and lower percentages of ones.Amplificated activity of TNF alpha in 4 patients,which were followed up for 3~5 months,indicated relationship between amplification of TNF alpha activity and leukomogenesis. Conclusion:The different cellularity of both MDS AA may be due to different immunologic mechanism.The model of development of AL,MDS and AA was proposed,in which the related genes were showed.


The invention discloses a chassis with noise cancellation function, a noise cancellation method and a method of generating noise cancellation data. The chassis with noise cancellation function which performs active noise cancellation in a first location for cancelling a noise generated in the chassis includes a sound receiving circuit receiving a surrounding sound in a second location, a memory circuit storing noise cancellation sound data and the surrounding sound that are associated with each other, a controller selecting the noise cancellation sound data corresponding to the surrounding sound received by the sound receiving circuit from the memory circuit and generating a noise cancellation signal based on the selected noise cancellation sound data and a sound output unit outputting a noise cancellation sound in said first location based on the noise cancellation signal to perform the active noise cancellation.


Abstract : The US population is expected to become `majority-minority' over the next few decades. This "tanning of America" highlights the urgent need for more diversity amongst its officer corps. This paper calls attention to this trend in much the same manner as those who attempted to bring awareness of the growing cultural bias and discrimination that fed discontent in the ranks and resulted in the racial violence that erupted throughout the US military during the late 1960s and early-1970s. At that time, the Armed Services' leaders were largely unaware and unconcerned with the issues of their growing Black enlisted populations but were eventually shocked into action when this disgruntlement turned into protest. A similar, but perhaps more profound cultural shift may occur within the US Air Force as it is expected that its newest enlistees in just over the next decade will be `majority-minority. Yet, as was the case over 40 years ago, the Air Force is not developing its officer corps to be representative of the wider society. Moreover, those within its ranks are unaware of the necessity for cross-cultural mentorship so they might comfortably foster professional relationships to both develop and recognize the concerns issues of the more diverse Americans they will lead. Consequently, this trend of an increasingly culturally isolated officer corps foretells of two serious risks facing the Air Force in the next decade-daunting officer recruiting and retention challenges and potential conflicts between majority White senior officers and `majority-minority' junior officers/enlisted members. This research suggests a major limiting factor to enabling improved diversity of the US Air Force officer corps is the inconsistent and delayed mentorship that many Black (and other minority) officers receive.


Results from a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania demonstrated high seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock with high levels of spatial heterogeneity. CCHFV may represent an unrecognised human health risk in this region and drivers of exposure need further investigation.


The focus of this year's conference "People, People, People" is both timely and important For over 40 years, there has been a surmounting body of evidence which documents the differential outcomes for students based on their background - including gender, social class, ethnicity, race, language background, geographic location and other demographic characteristics (Secada, 1992). This differential access and success has been found in mathematics from early childhood through to tertiary education. The differences are explained, theorised and researched from a range of perspectives including arguments of biological determinism through to systemic injustice embedded in the very structures of schooling. Each perspective has different strategies and foci for social justice initiatives. As we move into more conservative times, consternation needs to be expressed with the re-emergence of the New Right and the increasing and tightening control over teachers' work through systemic mechanisms (Apple, 1995) and the lack of focus on social justice. As we move rapidly towards the new millennium, inordinate changes are occurring with society and schools to the extent where the social fabric of what we have come to know as "our society" is under threat. This has ramifications for schools and education because of its impact on the people integral to these sites. The impact of economic rationalist ideology and the corporatist State has been profound - government undertaken by the managerial elite, technology occupying prime space, privatisation of state authorities, and a focus on efficiency, debts and cuts. This new style of management and government has seen a shift away from "the public good" to a fixation on self interest. This has resulted in high unemployment and increasing poverty - both of which are at unprecedented levels in the post-war era. Working within increasingly conservative regimes and tighter fiscal management practices, issues of social justice and equity are no longer touchstones for reform. However, the increasing gap between rich and poor in conjunction with the diminishing profile of equity and social justice reforms indicates that the economic rationalist ideology has little or no place for real consideration of the educational disadvantage of students excluded from school success. The demographic characteristics mentioned by Secada (1992) indicate significant portions of our communities differentially affected through the school system. These groups are not singly disadvantaged by schooling, but often endure multiple disadvantage as in the case of young, indigenous women. A factor common to most of these categories is access to money, or more specifically, the lack of money. Huston (1995) goes so far as to argue that income is the best predictor of academic success. This paper is concerned with the outcomes of students living in poverty as they relate to education and more particularly to mathematics. The rationale for this interest is the increasing numbers of people forced to live in poverty due to the changing economic climate and workplace restructuring brought about through the new style of management. It has been long recognised that students living in poverty are at greater educational risk than their peers from more affluent backgrounds. When there are increasingly more


Presented at the Second Annual New Zealand Regulatory Evolution Summit held in Wellington on 20 May 2008 Bronwyn Howell answers the questions: What is the objective of regulation? What is competition? What is regulated competition and its effects on economy?


This paper focuses on characteristic analysis of a novel 10T SRAM cell. In the proposed cell two voltage sources VS1 and VS2 are used, one of which connected with the bit line and the other connected with the bitbar line, respectively, for reducing the voltage swing during the switching activity. This reduction in voltage swing causes less dynamic power dissipation during switching activity. Two stack transistors ST1 and ST2 are also connected in the pull-down paths. Due to the stack effect in the pull-down transistors in OFF condition sub-threshold leakage current is reduced and this causes reduction of static power dissipation. Simulation has been done in 45nm CMOS technology with 0.7 volt power supply with the help of Microwind 3.1 software. The simulation results of power dissipation, noise margin, power delay product and current leakage during read/write operation have been determined and compared to those of other existing SRAM cells.


Three new species of palms (Arecaceae) in the genera Areca (A. songthanhensis), Licuala (L. dakrongensis) and Pinanga (P. nuichuensis) from Vietnam are described and illustrated. Comparisons are made and differences with similar species are pointed out.


This paper presents analytical results on the performances of several existing forensic electric network frequency (ENF) matching methods, i.e., benchmark minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based matching, error correction matching (ECM), and bitwise similarity matching (BSM). The use of a threshold value enables the ECM and BSM methods to tolerate certain amount of local matching errors, but performance improvement against the MMSE benchmark is not guaranteed at all times. By looking into the relationship between the local errors and the threshold value, we comprehensively investigate possible situations of matching inconsistency during ENF matching process, which has not been addressed in existing literature. We reveal that ECM generally yields the best matching results in the 7 possible matching situations discovered in this paper. However, the performance of BSM is inferior to the MMSE benchmark in several situations, although it enjoys significantly reduced computation time thanks to bitwise processing. This work indicates the potential to design improved matching methods.


September 01, 2010, Barack Obama officially announced the end of the combat mission in Iraq. American soldiers returned home after seven years in Iraqi territory. It described this fact as a "historic moment". But the words of the spokesman of U.S. State Department, P. J. Crowley "This is not the end of the U.S. mission in the country " giving rise to the analysis. This we do in this article. In turn, the announcement of former U.S. President G. Bush to establish "new world order" leads us to consider whether it is in line with the will of Pope Benedict XVI when he proposes the establishment of an "international political authority" in the latest social encyclical, Caritas in veritate.


This paper describes how to use the Window Compositor to configure and manage multiple application windows on the device display. It covers:


By boosting its urbanization,rapidly enlarging its urban area and reducing its suburb population,Pudong has achieved a great-leap-forward development in the last 20 years.What's more,it has shaped a special model of rapid urbanization.However,the model must be transformed because it has produced many problems to the suburb and urban areas and to the future of Pudong,meanwhile it also faces a new opportunity.So,the idea for development should be changed for the harmony between person and matter,so as to create a new situation of the final integration and harmonious development.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design the geometrical structure of banana screen, and this study aims to improve the screen efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The discrete element method was used to simulate the sieving process of banana screen with the inclinations of decks improved by Fibonacci sequence. The effect of each deck along screen length on the screening efficiency of particles was studied in this paper.

Findings

The comparisons among three groups of industrial banana screens with five different consecutive Fibonacci numbers have been made, and the variations of fine particle ratio were also investigated. The results show that the banana screening improved by the 5 Fibonacci sequence, 3, 5, 8, 13 and 21, has the good screening performance in the simulation. It is found that the inclination degree of the first deck at the feed end is the key factor to determine screening efficiency of banana screens.

Practical implications

It is not possible to consider all real physical factors exactly in a virtual model. The experiment prototype of banana screen was used to simply verify the feasibility of the methodology.

Originality/value

This work is helpful for designing the geometric parameters of the curved screen and gives a broad perspective to improve the efficiency of banana screens.


Summary Many soil invertebrates transfer their sperm indirectly by means of spermatophores. Among the different taxa there is great variation in spermatophore architecture, auxiliary structures and behaviour. The behaviour, ranging from elaborate courtship rituals to seemingly indifferent scattering of spermatophores, can roughly be classified as association and dissociation. Which of the two is adaptive depends on many factors which can be summarized in a simple functional response model showing that in some cases the best choice depends on density.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating seborrheic dermatitis and acne and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises 16 to 35 parts of honeysuckle, 16 to 35 parts of Chinese honeylocust spine, 16 to 35 parts of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 12 to 28 parts of dahurian angelica root, 12 to 28 parts of tendrilleaf fritillary bulb, 12 to 28 parts of garden sorrel, 10 to 25 parts of semiaquilegia adoxoides, 10 to 25 parts of akebia stem, 10 to 25 parts of dandelion, 10 to 25 parts of Tokyo violet herb, 8 to 15 parts of spanishneedles herb, 8 to 15 parts of weeping forsythia capsule, 8 to 15 parts of Chinese wolfberry root-bark, 6 to 12 parts of sarcandra, 6 to 12 parts of elephants-foot, 5 to 10 parts of poria cocos, 5 to 10 parts of paniculate swallowwort root, 5 to 10 parts of Chinese clematis root, 5 to 10 parts of great burdock achene, 5 to 10 parts of kudzuvine root, 5 to 10 parts of wilford granesbill herb, 4 to 8 parts of snakegourd root, 4 to 8 parts of pangolin scales, 4 to 8 parts of dried orange peel, 3 to 8 parts of haw and 2 to 6 parts of licorice. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has obvious effects of treating seborrheic dermatitis and acne and is safe in clinical application.


Summary This study is about differences and similarities in the isotopic and component composition of the petroleum gases from fields in the Western Pre-Caucasus area. These gases were differentiate into three genetic types. The 1st genetic type (Akhtyrsky type) were generated by the rocks of the Middle Eocene Kuma Formation. Gases with the higher δ13C values of gas components from ethane to pentane were assigned to the 2nd (Sladkovsky) genetic type. These gases are associated with oils, the source of which was marine organic matter but the exact stratigraphic confinement of the source rock remains unclear. And the 3rd genetic type of gases (Nikolaevsky type) which the initial organic matter associated with higher terrestrial plants, which accumulated under oxidizing conditions (for oils Pr/Ph = 3.1–4.3, C27–C28–C29 steranes is 0.23–0.22–0.55). The source rock of these gases and oils remains unknown, but its age should be no younger than the Lower Cretaceous.


Over the last 20 years, laser cutting and drilling, welding, surface heat treatment, cladding, scribing, balancing, and other laser systems have gradually made their way into the industrial workplace. However, there remain significant uncertainties in the understanding of the important physics of laser-material interaction and in material removal processes. Most research focuses on a one- or two-controlling-parameter investigation of cut quality. Furthermore, the implied definition of quality most often involves kerf width and HAZ, not surface roughness. The present work constitutes a quantitative experimental study to determine the effects of cutting speed, assist gas pressure, and thickness on the surface roughness of laser-cut mild steel. The effects of focal plane location and laser power level were also studied through a series of factorial design experiments. This systematic approach, combined with a constraint that a minimally acceptable cut must yield a surface roughness smaller than that produced by a band saw, allowed a large number of operating parameters to be investigated with a moderate number of individual experiments. A unique aspect of the study was the use of wedge-shaped test pieces which were 2.5 cm wide with a thickness varying from 0.05 cm to 0.65 cm over a 15 cm length.more » In this way, surface quality at a given cutting speed could be determined for a range of thicknesses using a single cut.« less


In the recent past, a significant increase has been observed in the use of underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications. However, underwater wireless sensor networks face several challenges including large propagation delays, high mobility, limited bandwidth, three-dimensional deployments, expensive manufacturing, and energy constraints. It is crucial for underwater wireless sensor networks to mitigate all these limitations primarily caused by the harsh underwater environment. To address some of the pertinent challenges, adaptive hop-by-hop cone vector-based forwarding routing protocol is proposed in this article which is based on the adaptive hop-by-hop vector-based forwarding. The novelty of adaptive hop-by-hop cone vector-based forwarding includes increasing the transmission reliability in sparse sensor regions by changing the base angle of the cone according to the network structure. The number of duplicate packets and end-to-end delay is also reduced because of the reduced base angle and a smart selection criterion for the potential forwarder node. The proposed routing protocol adaptively tunes the height and opening of the cone based on the network structure to effectively improve the performance of the network. Conclusively, this approach significantly reduces energy tax, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio.


The characteristic delay in diagnosis and treatment of spinal epidural abscess of unusual presentation in a patient with significant comorbidities often results in permanent neurologic deficits. Fortunately, in the case reported here, the patient made a complete recovery. Rapid diagnosis and intervention are essential, because degree of recovery is proportional to the extent of the neurologic deficit present before surgery.


This study investigated the influence of family size and parental education on
predisposition to female trafficking in southern Nigeria. Stratified Random sampling
procedure was used to select the 150 parents from various ethnic groups consisting of
Yoruba, Igbo, Bini, and Ibibio/Efik among others. A researcher-constructed parental
attitude towards female trafficking questionnaire was the instrument used for data
collection. One-way Analysis of Variance and Fisher's Least Square method were used
to test the two hypotheses formulated for this study. The findings showed that there is
no significant influence of family size on parental predisposition to female trafficking
in Southern Nigeria. However, the educational status of parents had a significant
effect on their predisposition to female trafficking. On the basis of these findings, it
was recommended that the family structure should be strengthened to continue to serve
as a haven of love, security, safety and tranquillity since it is the primary institution
through which every individual is socialized. In addition,, the role of the family in
social rehabilitation and re-integration of victims of female trafficking must not be
overlooked. It is therefore important that any scheme for rehabilitation and reintegration
of victims of female trafficking must be family-centred if it is to achieve
meaningful results. Keywords : Family size; female trafficking; Parental education. International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 307-317


Achieving and strengthening competitive advantage represents the key factor for survival and success of the modern businesses. It is a fact that successful implementation of Lean management leads to increased productivity and competence. However, in order to maintain profitability and business stability, it is necessary to support Lean concept, which can be provided, above all, by the application of modern information technology. In that sense, by applying the ERP system, it is possible to adapt basic Lean principles to the requirements of a modern environment characterized by constant change of demand and needs of the consumers/users. The main goal of the research is to examine the existing level of application of modern information technologies, as well as the level of attention paid to the integration of Lean concept and software solutions in enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. Theoretical aspect of the research is related to finding appropriate grounds for concluding on the basis of the existing literature. In this paper, research gaps and proposed further research directions have been identified. By applying the appropriate statistical tools (descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, correlation analysis) it was finally concluded that the enterprises which have substantially implemented the practice and principles of lean management are at the same time those who implement IT in their business, i.e. the information systems which support the implementation of lean practice.


Mushroom is used in conventional treatment of cancer patients for many years. In recent years, numerous studies present growing evidence that some species of mushroom have particularly beneficial effects on cancer. Anticancer effects of mushrooms are attributed especially to their immunomodulatory properties. Polysaccharides are the components providing this feature of mushroom. In particular, β-D-glucan has been reported to gain more importance as a polysaccharide. In this article, in addition to in vitro, in vivo and crosssectional studies that demonstrate beneficial effects of mushroom on cancer, intervention studies on mushroom consumption were reviewed and the use of mushroom as an adjuvant therapy in cancer patients is discussed.


Purpose: Three cases of atypical events following intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma are presented. Methods: Case report. Results: One patient had acute orbital swelling with proptosis, another with extravasation of the chemotherapeutic agent, and the final with total ipsilateral hearing loss. Conclusions: These cases underscore the importance of maintaining close follow-up when using intra-arterial chemotherapy for treatment of retinoblastoma.


BACKGROUND Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ having an important role in immunological and haematological response of the body. A surgeon should prefer a conservative approach in case of splenic injury. It varies a lot variation in shape, size and other morphometric parameters which should be kept in mind while examining and / or operating on a patient. The present study focuses on morphometric analysis of cadaveric spleen and its comparison with other previous studies. A total number of 49 human cadaveric spleens obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, were selected for morphometric studies. The length, breadth and width were measured using a measuring tape and a digital vernier callipers. Weight was measured using an electronic weighing machine. Data obtained was tabulated and statistically analysed in Microsoft Excel. Others features like variation in shape was noted down. Notches on the superior and inferior borders and fissures on diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces were also studied. Out of 49 of the ranged between 5.1 cms and 13.6 cms, with an average length of 9.53 cms. Breadth was observed to vary between 3.2 cms and 9.2 cms, with an average breadth of 6.12 cms., width of the spleens varied from 1.8 cms to 7.1 cms, with an average width of 3.52 cms. Out of 49 spleens, wedge shaped (61.22 %) was the most common followed by tetrahedral (20.41 %) shape, triangular (12.24 %) shape, oval (4.08 %) shape and semilunar (2.08 %) shape. The number of notches varied from zero to four, but in most of the cases there were 1 or 2 notches. The maximum number of notches were found to be four and they were present on the superior border of spleen. Out of 49 specimens, 55.10 % spleens had notches on superior border, 12.24 % on inferior border, and 8.16 % on both the borders. There was absence of notch in 20.41 % of spleens. 4.08% had anomalous fissures on diaphragmatic surface in which one of the fissure was H shaped. The findings of the present study will be useful to anatomists in their routine dissection classes as well as for clinicians in the diagnosis of various clinical diseases of spleen.


The invention discloses a method and a device for excavating short stings and belongs to the field of computers. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining similarity between a first search word and a second search word, wherein the first search word is any search word include in a search word set, and the second search word is any of other search words in the search word set except the first search word; selecting a second search word which has the similarity relating to the first search word more than a first similarity threshold, removing a short sting corresponding to the first search word from a first short sting set, and thus obtaining a second short sting set; according to the selected second search word, computing similarity between a first search word and the short sting included in a second short sting set, selecting a short sting which has the similarity relating to the first search word more than a second similarity threshold from the second short sting set, and building a relationship between the first search word and the selected short sting. According to the method and the device for excavating short stings, more short stings are excavated, and the similarity between the search word included in the search word set and the short sting corresponding to the same is high.


Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the low-dose air ozonation for disinfection of the air in the working room.
Materials and methods. We investigated 90 air samples (3 samples were taken weekly before and after the production meeting using the automatic sampling device of biological aerosols of air PU-1B). The total bacterial contamination, the content of staphylococci and mold spores were determined. Ozonation of the room (83.3 m3) was carried out for 20 minutes by means of domestic ozonator. The accumulated dose of ozone was 133.3 mg (1.6 mg/m3). Statistical data processing was carried out using the MedStat licensed program. The median, median error (Me me), left and right 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated. Paired comparisons were made using Wilcoxon's T-test.
Results. After the meeting, the total bacterial contamination of the air was 56.0 9.3 (47.078.0) CFU. The content of staphylococci and mold spores in the air was 85.5 12.5 (76.0100.0) and 44.5 6.5 (32.054.0) CFU, respectively. After ozonation, the total bacterial contamination of the air was 14.5 3.6 (10.021.0) CFU. The content of staphylococci and mold spores in the air after ozonation was 35.5 6.7 (25.052.0) and 26.0 5.0 (18.032.0) CFU, respectively. Ozonation of the room provided a significant decrease (p 0.001) in all three of the above indicators. The room ozonation carried out promoted a reliable decrease (p 0.001) in all the above mentioned parameters.
Conclusions. The above data and analysis of the literature show the possibility of using low doses of ozone for the prevention of bacterial, fungal and viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. Further study and development of reasonable modes of ozone disinfection, including low doses of ozone, is needed, as well as determination of the efficiency degree of air disinfection with non-toxic gas concentrations.


IN these days when the United States is striving ideas and products. Recent criticisms of Holto oppose communist imperialism with Amerilywood by literati and Congressmen, accordcan democracy, Hollywood has much to offer. ing to this industry view, are unjustified. Our films enjoy world-wide acceptance, have The author, who now heads Walter Wannever been narrowly nationalistic, and have ger Pictures, Inc., has been a prominent Holproved successful in popularizing American lywood producer since the first World War.


Results of experimental investigations of influence of size and shapes of a coupled slot on band-pass characteristics of coupled sector double-gaps cavities system of multiple-beam klystron. It is shown that the coupling slot of round shape is the most optimal on a passband width for considered resonant system.


This is the most basic input device. The keyboard contains keys users press to enter data into a computer. Desktop computer keyboards typically have from 101 to 105 keys. Keyboards for smaller computers, such as laptops, contain fewer keys. All computer keyboards have a typing area that includes the letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys. The keys originally were arranged to reduce the frequency of key jams on old mechanical typewriters. The first six letters on the top alphabetic line spell QWERTY, thus giving the name QWERTY keyboard. A DVORAK keyboard, by contrast, places frequently typed letters in the middle of the typing area. Despite the logical design of a DVORAK keyboard, all keyboards today are QWERTY. Many keyboards also have a numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard, two CTRL keys, two ALT keys, a set of arrow and additional keys between the typing area and the numerical keypad, and twelve function keys (enhanced keyboard). The command associated with a function key may vary, depending on the program with which we are interacting.


Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) awakes host innate immune system and reactivates cytotoxic T cells to elicit durable response in some cancer patients. Herein we report the use of a cationic nanoscale metal-organic framework, W-TBP, to facilitate tumor antigen presentation by enabling immunogenic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Comprised of dinuclear W VI secondary building units and photosensitizing 5,10,15,20-tetra( p -benzoato)porphyrin (TBP) ligands, cationic W-TBP mediates PDT to release tumor associated antigens and delivers immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to DCs. The enhanced antigen presentation synergizes with CBI to expand and reinvigorate cytotoxic T cells, leading to superb anticancer efficacy and robust abscopal effects with >97% tumor regression in a bilateral breast cancer model.


Precious-bark" essential oil (Aniba canelilla (H. B. K.) Mez): Bioanalytical method validation and in vitro cutaneous permeation study Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez is an aromatic plant from the Amazon region whose essential oil has 1-nitro-2-phenylethane and methyleugenol as major compounds. Despite of the scientifically proved antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities and the popular use of oil for the treatment of dermatitis, acnes and wounds, there is no study up to date about the quantification of these compounds in skin samples. The aim of this study was the validation of an optimized bioanalytical method by solid phase microextraction on headspace mode in gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (HS-SPME-GC-FID) for the determination of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane and methyleugenol from the essential oil in different samples of in vitro cutaneous permeation study. A methodology was developed and validated by HS-SPME-GCFID. The ranges of calibration curves were 2.08 207.87 μg.mL for 1-nitro-2phenylethane and 0.40 40.41 μg.mL for methyleugenol. The presence of matrix and the intrinsic characteristics of the HS-SPME methodology required a transformation to the calibration curves. The logarithmic transformation (Log10) was then applied to the data and the results showed homoscedasticity, dispersed residues, and adequate coefficient of determination (r2> 0.99) and recovery. Skin permeation studies were performed on Franz cells with different amounts (20, 100 and 200 μL) of A. canelilla essential oil to evaluate the skin permeation and retention profile in porcine ear skin and receptor fluid. The analysis of the samples under the validated conditions showed a high permeation and retention of the major compounds in the following order: receptor fluid >> dermis >> epidermis >> stratum corneum. A progressive increase and retention dependence were observed based on the amount applied in the donor compartment, and large retention mainly on the receptor fluid and dermis was observed, in accordance with the physicochemical characteristics of Log P, affinity to the hydrophilic and lipophilic environment, size and molecular weight of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane and methyleugenol. In conclusion, the method proposed by HS-SPME-GC-FID to quantify the major compounds of A. canelilla essential oil in porcine ear skin and receptor fluid samples was selective, accurate, precise and adequate, and can be used in future analyzes.


Objective:To understand the effects of infectious disease prophylactico-therapeutic institution involved comprehensive intervention on drug rehabilitation in drug rehabilitation centers. Methods:With the help of infectious disease prophylactico-therapeutic institutions,we screened the main infectious diseases for 400 drug addicts and divided them into two groups: intervention group(n=200) and control group(n=200). The intervention group were given comprehensive intervention such as education in policy and health,behavioral change education while having screening and treatment for infectious diseases;the control group were only given infectious diseases screening. We observed the effects of intervention on self-mutilation and malingering behaviors of drug addicts after intervention. Additionally,we used a self-designed IDU questionnaire for AIDS prevention knowledge to assess the effects of comprehensive intervention on drug rehabilitation in drug rehabilitation centers. Results:In control group,the rates of self-mutilation and malingering were 2.50% and 15.50%,however,in intervention group,the rates were 0.50% and 4.50%,respectively. There were significant differences in the rates of self-mutilation and malingering between the two groups (P0.05,P0.01). The results of IDU questionnaire for AIDS prevention knowledge showed that the correct rates in the intervention group raised from 42.00%-87.00% at pre-intervention to 58.00%-95.00% at post-intervention,indicating that the comprehensive intervention has significant effects on drug rehabilitation. Conclusion:Infectious disease prophylactico-therapeutic institution involved comprehensive intervention has significant effects on drug rehabilitation,which is worth of popularizing.


A model about the social development of a TRB society – the change from a society with individual and group diversity around 3400 BC to a more stratified social formation around 3000 BC –  is shown to be the outcome of both burial evidence on the North Friesian Islands as well as information on enclosures, decoration diversity and economic variables from further regions of the southern TRB North group. While the former is linked to ideological concepts of "ritual cooperation", the later ideology might be labelled "ritual collectiveness". Expressions of "ritual cooperation" are causewayed enclosures  and different burial customs, the means of "ritual collectiveness" passage graves.


Soon after becoming General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev declared his belief that all aspects of government in the USSR needed not only the correction of past mistakes, but a radically new approach, which had to be generated through 'new political thinking'. In the five years since then, this concept has been articulated by Gorbachev and other Soviet leaders, and has, to a considerable extent, been applied to Soviet policies. This article presents an overview of the way this has been achieved; an assessment of the prospects for the further development of these policies and an outline of their main implications for the West. In short, one could argue that 'new political thinking' amounts to a radical de-ideologization of politics in the USSR. Until the introduction of 'new thinking', Marxist-Leninist ideology had constituted the underpinnings of all aspects of Soviet politics and, indeed, much of Soviet life in general. Seventy years after the revolution, however, this approach was plagued by difficulties that were increasingly difficult to conceal, let alone remedy. In this situation, a pragmatic change of course was probably unavoidable. The main question for outside observers at the time was whether the change was a strategic and presumably permanent one, or whether it was a tactical retreat, a Leninist 'step backward' to 'get breathing room' (peredyshka) and regroup the worn out forces of Sovietism before undertaking a new and more formidable 'step forward' in the construction of Communism. Taking Gorbachev's statements at face value, one would have to assume the latter: he has repeatedly reiterated his faith in Marxism-Leninism and his determination to con-


Aves can be classified as animals that have wings (either fly or not), hot-blooded, two-legged and lay eggs. It is also known as vertebrate animals found throughout the world including in the desert, to the north and south pole and in tropical rain forests. The existence of Aves in Malay proverbs can be broken down into several other subspecies such as chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), birds (Bird), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anserini). This study is qualitative in analyzing Malay proverbs oriented by Aves through the semantic inquisitive perspective by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014) in the "sustenance" domain. Data findings were obtained from Kamus Istimewa Peribahasa Melayu (2016) by Abdullah Hussain. Furthermore, the analysis of the Cross Reference Framework (CRF) was applied in this study based on the corpus data in the Pangkalan Korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) and Malay Concordance Project (MCP). The use of corpus data not only could provide additional antecedents to researchers but also could help the researchers understand the context of the proverb into the mind of the speaker. Keywords—sustenance; animal; Aves; Malay proverbs; semantic inquisitive; Malay mind


Power transformers are one of the most important and expensive electrical equipment that require online condition monitoring. Partial discharge (PD) measurement is considered the most effective and non-destructive approach to observe the condition of power transformers in service. However, many sources of noise interfere with the captured PD signals leading to waveform deformation. Thus, it is important for the detection and classification of PD signals to initially suppress the noise encountered with PD measurement. In this paper, we investigate a method, named power spectral subtraction denoising (PSSD) that uses fast Fourier transform to restrain the random noise encountered in measured acoustic PD signals. The denoising performance of PSSD is compared with those of wavelet-based denoising techniques in addition to the mathematical morphological filter. The denoising techniques are first examined on PD signals contaminated with low and high levels of simulated random noise. The denoising evaluation metrics show the superiority of PSSD over the other techniques. Moreover, a modified PSSD (M-PSSD) method is presented to address the actual PD signals corrupted with real random noise. High reduction in noise levels are achieved using M-PSSD.


This paper presents an optimal fusion criterion for merging statistical decisions of multiple CFAR sensors. The fusion rule depends on the sensor specifications and the probability model imposed on the observables. Optimality is defined in terms of minimizing the total expected cost incurred by the fusion center's decision. By assigning appropriate costs to each decision, a minimum error probability fusion rule is derived. Numerical studies on a system employing two localized CFAR sensors demonstrates the global performance of the fusion rule.


Abstract Complexes of isonicotinic acid have been prepared with the bromides and chlorides of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) and also with the chlorides of manganese(II) and iron(II). These complexes have been characterized by analysis, vibrational and electronic spectra and magnetic moments. The compounds have octahedral polymeric structures.


This chapter examines the role that the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has played in setting government policy to encourage increased trade by SMEs. A study of six "successful" micro and small businesses in APEC economies that was commissioned by APEC examines their attitudes towards trade and e-commerce. The case studies show that e-commerce can be a facilitator to trade for businesses with a propensity towards This chapter appears in the book, e-Business, e-Government & Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Opportunities and Challenges, edited by Brian J. Corbitt and Nabeel Al-Qirim. Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING Formulating Policy on E-Commerce and Trade for SMEs 135 Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. entrepreneurship and good management practices. To other businesses it may be seen as an inhibitor due to the lack of knowledge associated with its use and its benefits. The chapter shows how APEC used this study and some of its other initiatives to develop its IT and e-commerce policy for SMEs as part of its overall policy for SME development in the region. INTRODUCTION This chapter will examine the use of information technology in small business and the role that the Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) has played in the setting of government policy to encourage increased trade by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In particular, a study of six micro and small businesses in APEC economies that was commissioned by APEC examines their attitudes towards trade and e-commerce. Conclusions are drawn as to the role that information technology and e-commerce has to play in small business trade. The chapter concludes with the recommendations made to APEC by the study and a summary of the SME policy initiatives announced by APEC as a result of the study and other APEC activities. BACKGROUND The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) treaty was established in 1989 in response to the growing inter-dependence among Asia-Pacific economies. It has since become a primary vehicle in the region for promoting open trade and economic cooperation. Its aim is to advance Asia-Pacific economic dynamism and sense of community (APEC, 2002a). One of the concerns of APEC is to set up an environment whereby all participating countries can be involved in free trade. When considering the use of information technology (IT) and e-commerce in small business, location is important. Why? The major answer to this is a combination of resources and distance. The further you are away from resources, the longer it takes and the more it costs to get them. This can particularly be the case with hardware and software purchases, training and support. Another reason for examining location is culture. Some countries, and even different regions within countries, have their own traditions and their own established ways of doing things. This can influence the behaviour of small businesses and the manner in which they use IT (refer next few sections). Developing Countries Small businesses make up a major portion of businesses in developing countries (in some countries the percentage is higher than in developed countries). Recognising their importance, many governments are providing support programs for small businesses (International Trade Forum, 1999). 20 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the "Add to Cart" button on the product's webpage: www.igi-global.com/chapter/formulating-policy-commercetrade-smes/8747?camid=4v1 This title is available in InfoSci-Books, Business-TechnologySolution, InfoSci-Business Technologies, Business, Administration, and Management, InfoSci-Select, InfoSciBusiness and Management, InfoSci-Government and Law, InfoSci-Select, InfoSci-Select. Recommend this product to your librarian: www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1


Hundreds of studies have been conducted searching for genes that influence susceptibility to MS. To date, no one gene has been found that by itself strongly increases MS risk. The HLA region, in particular the HLA DR2 haplotype, has shown the strongest evidence of association with MS, but even its contribution may be moderate. Scientists studying MS genetics have generally concluded that the genetic component of MS risk is made up of small contributions from a number of genes, and that the alleles that confer risk are likely to be common variants as opposed to rare mutations. If so, locating susceptibility genes for MS will be much more complicated than for single-gene diseases, and will require approaches tailored for the situation.


Background:  Laparoscopy is becoming common for the management of complex benign gynaecological diseases, in which considerable adhesions are expected, thus making the laparoscopic surgery more difficult to perform.


Hydrocarbon drops impacting on a flat solid surface were computationally studied to identify the key issues in the dynamics of drop spreading. The experimental data available for diesel, methanol, and glycerin were used, and a general empirical expression (in terms of the Ohnesorge number) was constructed that accurately described the spreading regime. For the simulation part, the drop spreading process was studied numerically with a volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach. Based on these investigations, a new combined static contact angle-dynamic contact angle (SCA-DCA) model was proposed and applied to compute the hydrocarbon drop spreading process. The predicted time-dependent drop shapes agree well, within 5% of both previously published results and the experimental data presented here, while previous models showed at least a 10% deviation from the experiments. This proposed model also avoids the requirement for experimental measurement with specific fluids and only requires the general fluid properties. In addition to the numerical investigations, a droplet combustion experiment was also carried out. In this experiment, the ignition and combustion of the suspended fuel droplet were recorded using a high speed camera. Image processing techniques were then utilized to measure fuel combustion characteristics such as burning rate and ignition delay.


A wireless terminal according to an embodiment is provided with a receiver that is managed by a mobile communication apparatus and that receives, from a mobile cell that moves in conjunction with movement of the communication apparatus, identification information for identifying the mobile cell. The receiver receives the identification information via a side link, which is a direct wireless link, of a nearby service.


This work defines the air pollutant emissions from a trench incinerator burning three types of refuse material: low ash, moderately high heat content materials characterized by cord wood; high ash, high heat content material charac terized by rubber tires; high ash, low heat content material characterized by municipal refuse. Use of a trench incin erator for the disposal of the high ash content materials studied generated particulate emissions which, in all cases, exceeded 1 grain per standard cubic foot at 12 percent carbon dioxide and is therefore not recommended. For disposal of low ash, high heat content materials, the data indicate that, except for nitrogen oxides, emission levels from the trench incinerator may be acceptable if rigid operating controls are predetermined for the specific refuse materials.


NOT GUILTY. Even before the words have faded into silence, the rush of emotion fills the defendant. While feelings of joy and satisfaction abound, one emotion outweighs all others: relief. It's over. Having been accused and tried, he has established his innocence; never again to be confronted with the same charges. For after all, doesn't the Constitution protect him from having to go through this ever again? Well--maybe!


1999 in New Zealand family law grappled with the conflict between an individual's right of self-determination, and the role the state plays in regulating behaviour. The case of baby Liam involved a value judgement between the state's concerns around a dying child, and the right of a parent to refuse medical treatment. There has been litigation surrounding the state's liability for the negligence of their officers in child abuse cases. The law around de facto and same-sex relationships continued to develop slowly. Finally, there has been recent litigation surrounding New Zealand's adoption of the Hague Abduction Convention.


To study the influence on the supply chain operation exerted by each factor in supply chain,an approach based on Fault Tree Analysis(FTA) was developed for diagnosing supply chain reliability.In this method,three-tier supply chain made up of supplier,manufacturer and distribution dealer were taken as the object,reasons for supply chain failure were analyzed.Borrowing ideas from fault diagnosis method of machinery parts to embody the abstract problem in the supply chain,its failure model was constructed with the theory of FTA.To deal with its complexity,simulation of Monte Carlo method was used to solve its interrelated reliability indexes and diagnose crucial factors.Simulation example was presented to prove the method's feasibility and validity.


The firstand second-order Raman spectra of cubic ZnS ( b-ZnS, zinc-blende ! are revisited. We consider spectra measured with two laser lines for samples with different isotopic compositions, aiming at a definitive assignment of the observed Raman features and the mechanisms which determine the linewidth of the first order TO and LO Raman phonons. For this purpose, the dependence of the observed spectra on temperature and pressure is investigated. The linewidth of the TO phonons is found to vary strongly with pressure and isotopic masses. Pressure runs, up to 15 GPa, were performed at 16 K and 300 K. Whereas well-defined TO Raman phonons were observed at low temperature in the whole pressure range, at 300 K the TO phonons appear to hybridize strongly with the two-phonon background and lose their identity, especially in the ~3–10!GPa region. The intensity of the TO phonons, which nearly vanishes when measured with a red laser line, is shown to result from a destructive interference of the amplitudes of the band-edge resonance and that of a background of opposite sign. The analysis of these effects is aided by calculations of the densities of oneand two-phonon states performed with the adiabatic bond charge model of the lattice dynamics.


This study is directed at improvement of the main specific features of the initial preparation in sports mountaineering. Proceeding from the heterogeneous structure of the groups of the initial preparation in sports mountaineering, there is a need according to the section of the physical and special preparation to reform the motor skills, training the participants to self-checking. The new technique according to the section of psychological preparation allows changing cardinally within one year the habits and style of behavior that gives the chance for the participants to work in coordination in the quickly changing extreme conditions of the natural mountain environment, thereby raising the safety level when passing the route.


This article explores how novice researchers develop a scholarly identity as they cross geographic, cultural, institutional, identity, and methodological borders throughout their studies, experiencing insider, outsider, and in-betweener positions. It hypothesizes that researchers become more culturally proficient through their fieldwork and self-study. The autoethnographic narratives address the social justice issues encountered by two early career researchers who increased their cultural proficiency and self-awareness as they moved across multiple cultural contexts. By shifting back and forth between insider, outsider, and in-betweener, the researchers became more culturally proficient, developed their voices as researchers, and practiced inclusivity by amplifying marginalized voices. Their self-reflective analysis of autoethnographic writing speaks to early career and graduate qualitative researchers who must recognize their positionality and their placement on the cultural proficiency continuum to be effective scholars in cross-cultural research.


will probably find it very difficult to put this book down. It is a veritable mine of interesting and important information on the progress of these subjects. Moreover, to complete this rather "glowing" report, we must congratulate the editor for eliminating all but a couple of misprints from a work written in English, French, German and "logico-mathematics," and the publishers for producing such an attractive book.


The method of direct solving equations is often applied in the retrieval of lower layer 2-D winds from the dual-Doppler radar data,but there are many limitations:singular points shall pollute their circumambient retrieval results and the observations' errors would affect the accuracy of retrieval,etc.A variational method in combination with a regularization method is introduced in this paper,wherein a regularization term is added to the target functional and regularization parameters are reasonably selected.Numerical experiments show that the introduction of the regularization term can efficiently filter the errors of retrieval wind field,resulted from singular points and observations,improve the retrieval accuracy,and yield the optimal global retrieval wind field.


An evaluation model was established in this paper according to the mutual mapping relationships among material and energy consumption in the scrap recycling process of automotive parts. The model provides a new computing method for evaluating the energy consumption quantity in this process. Then this model was applied to a power seat for empirical research, whose data was plugged into the model to conduct the analysis, which verifies the feasibility of the model and the valuable evaluation results were obtained.


A 56-year-old man presented to our chest pain clinic with chest pain predominantly on exercise, but also at rest. He actually declared chest pain 1 h before presentation, precipitated by walking to the hospital, lasting for 2–3 min. He had a strong family history of ischaemic heart disease. His ECG was normal. The probability of significant coronary artery disease was intermediate, and he was referred for stress echocardiography (SE) on the same morning. The SE was not performed (only rest pictures acquired), and he was admitted to hospital (see figure 1 and online supplementary video S1 and S2).

Figure 1
(1A and 1B): …


Grape leafhopper,Erythroneura apicalis nawa,is one of important pests in grape growth area in Xinjiang.The test of correction control effect of imidacloprid has been produced agaist Erythroneura apicalis nawa in 1,3,7,14,21d respectively.The biological determination was conducted to find how grape leafhopper is sensitive to anabasine insecticide-imidacloprid in the laboratory.The sensitivity of the grape leafhopper in Grape Village of Turpan city and the two grape productive areas of Changji Horticultural Farm in Xinjiang to imidacloprid was determcned.The result revealed that grape leafhopper's LD50 from Changji Horticultural Farm was 5.94(0.28~12.76),LD90 was 74.94(38~857.88);Grape leafhopper's LD50 from Turpan Grape Village was 2.114(1.65~10.32),LD90 was 35.983(27~58.62).Xinjiang Grape leafhopper is sensitive to anabasine insecticide imidacloprid.At the same time,the test of correction control effect on grape leafhopper was made.The control effect after one day was 8.68%.After 3 days,the effect was increased by 31.76%.The test result after 7 and 14 days showed that there was little difference between the two effects:the control effect with insecticide treatment and the control effect after 3 days.There was no significant change between them.The correlation control effect after 14 days was 32.07%,which reached 69%.


Large-capacity high-voltage inverter satisfies demand of energy saving and emission reduction. This paper presents a new 25MVA/10kV high power motor driving system based on IEGT power modules. The paper introduces the system configuration, and separately describes the design of power modules, the main control system, and motor control algorithm in details. Finally, the experiment results are shown to verify the performance of the system.


The article describes the perspectives for the development of on-board complex equipment, based on the principles of integrated modular avionics. The features of a fault-tolerant network architecture and interfaces of the on-board equipment, the possibility of unification and modernization IMA components, describes the new functionality, the principles of reliability and fail-safe provided for on-board equipment, consider implementing a novation of aircraft systems based on the IMA, modern design technology, providing design automation software and hardware, and support of process certification of on-board equipment. Assess the possible development of highly integrated aircraft systems and vehicle equipment.


The charge density wave (CDW) state of 2H-NbSe$_2$ features commensurate domains separated by domain boundaries accompanied by phase slips known as discommensurations. We have unambiguously visualized the structure of CDW domains using a displacement-field measurement algorithm on a scanning tunneling microscopy image. Each CDW domain is delimited by three vertices and three edges of discommensurations and is designated by a triplet of integers whose sum identifies the types of commensurate structure. The observed structure is consistent with the alternating triangular tiling pattern predicted by a phenomenological Landau theory. The domain shape is affected by crystal defects and also by topological defects in the CDW phase factor. Our results provide a foundation for a complete understanding of the CDW state and its relation to the superconducting state.


The utility model relates to an overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit and a mobile terminal. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit comprises a first class protection circuit and a second class protection circuit. The first class protection circuit comprises a power supply end, a detection end and a low potential interface end. The power supply end and the detection end are respectively correspondingly connected with positive and negative poles of an electric core. The low potential interface end is connected with the ground end of a charge and discharge interface. The second class protection circuit comprises a high potential electric core end, a low potential electric core end and a high potential interface end. The high potential electric core end is respectively correspondingly connected with positive and negative poles of the electric core. The high potential interface end is connected with the power supply end of the external charge and discharge interface. If overcurrent or overvoltage appears, the first class protection circuit controls a MOS tube to switch off a charge and discharge circuit, and a fuse provided by the second class protection circuit can further protect the charge and discharge circuit. Even if the MOS tube is damaged, the fuse provided by the second class protection circuit can still protect the electric core and the charge and discharge circuit.


This paper studies the problem of sintering blending from the perspective of quality loss, based on satisfying sinter property indexes that blast-furnace ironmaking requires. First, linear programming model for optimization blending is establish and return fine of blast furnace (unaccepted product in sintering production) is taken as one decision variable in sintering blending. Second, functional relations between blast furnace return fine and sintering materials, tumbler strength as well as average sinter size have been fitted out by statistical methods, which are considered to be the constraint conditions for the model. Finally, according to the actual production data of the sintering plant from an iron and steel group, the model is calculated using optimization model. The result of the example shows that the optimization model realized the purpose of sinter cost reduction, while quality indexes of sinter were improved.


Background Resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined by lack of blood pressure (BP) control despite treatment with at least 3 antihypertensive drugs, increases cardiovascular risk compared with controlled hypertension. Yet, there are few data on genetic variants associated with RHTN. Methods and Results We used a gene‐centric array containing ≈50 000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify polymorphisms associated with RHTN in hypertensive participants with coronary artery disease (CAD) from INVEST‐GENES (the INnternational VErapamil‐SR Trandolapril STudy—GENEtic Substudy). RHTN was defined as BP≥140/90 on 3 drugs, or any BP on 4 or more drugs. Logistic regression analysis was performed in European Americans (n=904) and Hispanics (n=837), using an additive model adjusted for age, gender, randomized treatment assignment, body mass index, principal components for ancestry, and other significant predictors of RHTN. Replication of the top SNP was conducted in 241 European American women from WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation), where RHTN was defined similarly. To investigate the functional effect of rs12817819, mRNA expression was measured in whole blood. We found ATP2B1 rs12817819 associated with RHTN in both INVEST European Americans (P‐value=2.44×10−3, odds ratio=1.57 [1.17 to 2.01]) and INVEST Hispanics (P=7.69×10−4, odds ratio=1.76 [1.27 to 2.44]). A consistent trend was observed at rs12817819 in WISE, and the INVEST‐WISE meta‐analysis result reached chip‐wide significance (P=1.60×10−6, odds ratio=1.65 [1.36 to 1.95]). Expression analyses revealed significant differences in ATP2B1 expression by rs12817819 genotype. Conclusions The ATP2B1 rs12817819 A allele is associated with increased risk for RHTN in hypertensive participants with documented CAD or suspected ischemic heart disease. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT00133692 (INVEST), NCT00000554 (WISE).


Power transformers are one of the main parts in the electric distribution grid. Electric utilities are really interested in their maintenance because of the critical nature of the failure. Many preventive techniques have been developed to know the state of the transformer, e.g., dissolved gas analysis or tgdelta measurement. Frequency response analysis has been proved as an effective predictive technique and one of the most accurate detecting winding displacements. However, in spite of being a well established and widely used technique, an accurate diagnosis procedure by means of FRA has not been achieved yet. It is possible to know if a fault has occurred but FRA is not able to detect accurately the causes. Our research group has been working in the last years in a model transformer and a diagnosis procedure based on its frequency response. This paper presents the proposed diagnostic procedure and the different steps in which it is divided. Besides, it emphasizes the researches obtained in the diagnosis procedure and shows some experimental results


Three parasitoids of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, Ageniaspis citricola (Logvinovskaya), Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan) and Cirrospilus quadristriatus Subba Roa and Ramamani were introduced from southern China and Thailand to eastern Australia in 1990‐91. After quarantine testing against 17 other insect hosts with leafmining and gall forming habits, they appeared to be restricted to citrus leafminer and releases were made in Queensland, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. A. citricola established throughout Queensland and C. quadristriatus in all four states. Some recoveries were made of C. phyllocnistoides but establishment has not yet been confirmed.


Two new species of Tenthredo are described and illustrated:Tenthredo semirufiterga sp. nov.,Tenthredo lushinella sp. nov. from Henan,China. The type specimens of the new species are kept in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan Province,China. Tenthredo semirufiterga sp. nov. (Figs 1-5) Body length 13 mm. This new species is similar to Tenthredo nigrobasalis Malaise,1945 from Northern Myanmar (Burma) and Sikkim but differs from it in the ventral part of each abdominal tergite and all sternites black; wings evenly and only slightly infuscate; hind femur entirely black and hind tibia largely red; interspaces between punctures in head densely microsculptured; the postocellar area flat,supraantennal tubercles hardly elevated (in nigrobasalis Malaise,abdominal segments 3-9 entirely reddish brown and the abdominal tergites 1-2 each with a distinct lateral white spot; forewing hyaline with the apex strongly smoky; ventral side of hind femur reddish brown,hind tibia entirely black; the interspaces between punctures in head polished,without microsculptures; postocellar area distinctly elevated,and anterior part of the supra-antennal tubercles clearly elevated). Holotype ♀,Baotianman,Mt. Funiu (33.6°N,111.9°E),Henan,China,16 May 2006,SHEN Xiao-Cheng leg. Etymology. The new species is named after the unique colour pattern of the abdomen:the dorsal sides of the abdominal tergites reddish brown and the ventral sides of abdomen black. Tenthredo lushinella sp. nov. (Figs 6-10) Body length 12.5 mm. This new species is similar to T. lushina Malaise,1945 from north boundary of Myanmar (Burma) but differs in frons with fine and low carina,a black stripe in front of the middle ocellus absent,the ocellar triangle with a U-shaped black macula; the dorsal side of hind femur with a black stripe; the outer side of the third antennomere with a black stripe; head dorsally with shallow but recognizable punctures; antenna as long as abdomen; mesoscutellum flat,without carina or ridge; the abdominal tergites 2-3 each with a pair of dark brown maculae (in lushina Malaise,the frontal carina absent,a black stripe present in front of the middle ocellus,ocellar triangle with a W-shaped black macula; the hind femur and the third antennomere without black stripe; head and mesepisternum impunctate,strongly shining; antenna distinctly longer than abdomen; mesoscutellum with an obtuse transversal ridge,and the abdominal tergite 2-3 without any dark brown macula. Holotype ♀,paratype 1♀,Jijiaoman (33°39′N,111°50′E; alt. 1 685 m),Mt. Baiyun,Henan Province,China,17 Aug. 2008,ZHANG Yuan,ZHAO Fu leg. Etymology. This new species is named after lushina with a suffix ella,as it is similar to T. lushina Malaise.


The potential consequences of mercury contamination of aquatic food webs were first recognized in the 1950s and 1960s in Minamata and Niigata, Japan, where human consumers of contaminated fish were severely poisoned. These and other tragic incidents prompted widespread reductions in direct releases of mercury into surface waters in many countries. Since about 1985, however, widespread mercury contamination of aquatic biota has become evident in systems remote from obvious anthropogenic mercury sources. Investigations at these sites have shown that in most cases, atmospheric transport and low rates of mercury deposition are largely responsible for the observed widespread mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems across the globe. In some cases, concentrations in fishes from these remote sites have equalled or exceeded those in fishes from waters that have been heavily contaminated by direct industrial discharges. The key to understanding the apparent discordance between these despairing contamination levels, yet similar levels in fish is the methylation process. In brief, this process involves the conversion of inorganic mercury that is the dominant form in deposition to methylmercury, which is the dominant form in fish (>95%). Presently, researchers are engaged in unravelling the many complexities of the environmental mercury cycle, including source-receptor relationships, bioavailability of various mercury sources, speciation of the precise forms of mercury in various environmental media, bioaccumulation processes, and toxic effects to humans and wildlife. Although mercury contamination of the environment is an enormously complex area of research, significant advances in our understanding have been made over the past 15 years. Presently, however, one of the greatest challenges in integrating this improved understanding with policies that will lead to improved environmental conditions in the future. Mercury in coal and its impact on utility mercury emissions


The microgrid under VSG control is conducive to the security and stability of the microgrid system. However, it still belongs to the primary regulation of frequency, and the microgrid in islanding mode has the problem that the frequency cannot be stabilised at the rated value after the load change. To address this problem, in order to eliminate the steady state error caused by the primary frequency regulation structure of the traditional VSG control technique and keep the load-induced frequency offset near the rated value, this paper proposes a fractional-order self-resilient-based secondary frequency regulation control strategy. Firstly, a three-phase circuit topology based on VSG is established, and the mechanism of primary frequency regulation is analysed with it as the research object. Then, the proposed fractional-order self-resilient control algorithm is applied to the rotor equations of the active frequency regulation characteristics of the VSG, so as to achieve the quadratic non-differential regulation of the frequency, and to eliminate the frequency error caused by frequency fluctuation of the virtual synchronous generator in the islanding mode. Finally, for the case of sudden load change, the VSG-based islanded microgrid model is constructed in Matlab/Simulink and compared with other control strategies, which verifies the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper. The control strategy in this paper can effectively eliminate the steady state error caused by the primary frequency modulation and improve the response speed.


Aims: Cardiovascular diseases and especially coronary artery disease is the main reason of morbidity and mortality and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is still the main procedure for this widespread health problem. According to complications of intubation during transfering the patient from surgery room to coronary care unit, this study was to investigate the correlation between duration of intubation and the complications after CABG surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 600 of 986 patients undergone CABG between March 2002 to 2003 in two Tehran hospitals and the correlation between complications after CABG and duration of intubation was studied by descriptive and infrential statistical methods such as t-test and ANOVA using SPSS 11.5 statistical package. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.6±10.2 years and about 73% of the study population were males. The minimum and maximum of intubation duration was 8.81 and 24.75 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The duration of intubation has significant correlation with post operative complications included post operative hemorrhage, reoperation, congestive heart failure after operation, cardiac arrest and hypotension after hemodynamic stability.


The Cameros Basin, situated in the NW of the Iberian
mountain range, is one of the basins belonging to the
Mesozoic Iberian Rift system in which four megacycles
have been distinguished with different stages of rift and
postrift, as well as a low-grade metamorphism stage (Mas
et al., 2002). In this basin there are some small size
mines, barely documented and investigated. One of
these is the Serrana Segunda copper mine, located in the
Gallinero stream valley, next to the road that connects
Gallinero de Cameros with Pradillo. Its last acquisition
date back to the beginning of the 20th century (registered
in 1909 in the Provincial Historic Archive of La Rioja).
In this mining area a gallery and waste heaps are present,
with the latter being visible from the road (Fig. 1A and
B). The gallery is in a fining upward sequence composed
of conglomerates with centimetric clasts in the base and
fine to medium grained sandstones, crossed by small,
thin carbonate veins, alternated with banded black
shales. Occasionally, grey marls appear between the
sandstones and shales.


Since he first criticized the globalization process in Has Globalization Gone Too Far? (1997), the scholarly work of Turkish economist Dani Rodrik is among the studies most cited when issues like economic integration, trade, and development are discussed. In June, IBRE researchers1 talked with Prof. Rodrik about such issues as productivity, industrial competitiveness, and trade. These are some extracts from the conversation.


most of the growing season but, following certain environmental cues, amictic females produce mictic daughters. These mictic females produce haploid eggs meiotically that develop into either males or, if fertilized, resting eggs. Mictic females can only be fertilized within a few hours of birth 3. Therefore, in Vollrath's example a Brachionus rubens female does not fit Fisher's theory of sex allocation in a simple way because she does not invest half of her reproductive resources into males and half into females. A rotifer female produces either male or female offspring, but not combinations of both. An amictic female produces only daughters, whereas a mictic female produces either males or resting eggs. As a result, the ratio of the investment in males and amictic females has nothing to do with sex allocation theory. Sex allocation should be judged on the basis of the ratio of male-producing mictic females to resting-egg-producing mictic females. An example of the appropriate application of sex-ratio theory to the sexual phase of the rotifer life cycle is presented by Aparici


In order to research the impact of maneuver target on guidance accuracy,the target maneuvering statistical characteristics described as differential of target acceleration is colored-noise-sequence,and related system state model is established.This method has larger range of target maneuver pattern than statistics of white-noise-sequence.The system state model is solved by Kalman filtering algorithm to realize the closement of optimal guidance loop.Simulation result indicates that the hit precision has been improved greatly when engaged for high maneuver targets such as lower-flying helicopter without changing the missile hardware.The paper provides design reference for optimal guidance of indirect aiming missile.


Cervical reconstruction after multilevel decompression of the cervical spine presents many technical challenges and consequently has provided for tremendous variability in treatment approaches and controversy in the literature. With the advent of new biomaterials, new fixation methods, and more experienced surgeons, the field of reconstruction, especially for multilevel reconstruction, is rapidly changing. This chapter will present a philosophy of treatment for surgical decompression and reconstruction as it has evolved in the author's practice and how it may evolve in the future. The initial overview will discuss the problems inherent with the currently accepted surgical reconstruction methods, briefly summarize the literature for each area, and then present the author's preferred treatment method for these conditions as well as early experience with these treatment methods including technical pitfalls and clinical results. Many of the treatment methods are just being published in the literature now, and others are not even currently available in the literature. Rationale for these reconstruction methods will be presented. The purpose of this chapter is to present an argument for moving surgery into the next century. Rather than being a comprehensive review of the literature, this is really designed to stimulate thought and provoke argument.


INTRODUCTION Lincoln (1979) stated that 'four species (of Gammaropsis Liljeborg) are reported from the British Isles, Gammaropsis maculata (Johnston), G. palmata (Stebbing & Robertson), G. nitida (Stimpson) and G. sophiae (Boeck)'. In fact, six species of Gammaropsis have been reported from the British Isles in the literature, the records of G. lobatus (Chevreux) (Spooner, i960) and G. melanops (Sars) (Jones, 1948) having apparently been overlooked by Lincoln (1979). Spooner's (1960) material is apparently no longer extant, but the material attributed to G. melanops by Jones (1948) has been re-examined by us and found to be referable to G. lobata. Recent collections of G. lobata from the west coast of Ireland confirm a rather wide distribution of this species in the southwest of these islands. Five species of Gammaropsis are therefore now known from these islands, and G. melanops can, at least for the present, be deleted from the British and Irish list of species. Lincoln (1979) was unable to examine any British material of G. sophiae, everything labelled as such, in the material examined by him (including the Norman collection at the B.M.N.H.)* being referable to G. nitida. He therefore figured the species from West African material. G. sophiae is quite widespread along the southwest coast of Ireland and since it differs somewhat from the material described by Lincoln (1979) it is figured herein from the Celtic Sea. Krapp-Schickel & Myers (1979) reviewed the Mediterranean species of Gammaropsis and segregated the species into two groups, group 'A' species characterized by the possession of a toothed urosome, toothed coxa 1 and long acute epistome, and group 'B ' species characterized by having a smooth urosome, smooth coxa 1 and short epistome.


This work reports the study of heat treatment effect on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of poly [3-hexylthiophene] and its blend with [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester ( P3HT:PC61BM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the crystallinity of the films increased with annealing. The evaluation of surface roughness and morphology was investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM), and field emission scanning microscope(FESEM). The optical properties were emphasized a strong optical absorption of P3HT compared with the blend. Hall effect measurement was used to study the electrical properties which revealed there is an increase in the electrical conductivity and Hall mobility of the p-type P3HT and its blend with heat treatment.


Design Thirty-five patients underwent surgery to treat their symptoms of POP (> stage II) according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q). The primary objectives were the anatomical correction of anterior POP (> stage II), assessed by means of a vaginal examination and a translabial ultrasound, and resolution of cervico-urethral obstruction with elevated post-void residual assessed prior to surgery by means of urodynamic testing. Anatomical recovery was assessed via a vaginal examination using the ICS-POP-Q system, with uroflowmetry with assessment of post-void residual and with the use of a translabial ultrasound to assess the correct position of the mesh. The subjective outcome was measured using questions 2 and 3 of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6 (POPDI-6). We also assessed patient quality of life preand postoperatively.


Since its first clinical success in 1990 (1), living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been performed increasingly and gradually accepted as a treatment of end stage liver disease (2). Multivariate analysis identified several parameters such as graft size, degree of fatty change, donor age, and length of cold ischemic time as significant risk factors affecting graft survival (3). Among these parameters, graft size is one of the major concerns. It should be adequately decided to ensure sufficient liver function for both recipient and donor. In recipients, graft size more than 0.8-1% of the recipient's body weight is required Original Article


Let G be a finite group. The character degree graph Γ(G) of G is the graph whose vertices are the prime divisors of character degrees of G and two vertices p and q are joined by an edge if pq divides some character degree of G. Let Ln(q) be the projective special linear group of degree n over finite field of order q. Xu et al. proved that the Mathieu groups are characterized by the order and one irreducible character degree. Recently Khosravi et al. have proven that the simple groups L2(p ), and L2(p) where p ∈ {7, 8, 11, 13, 17, 19} are characterizable by the degree graphs and their orders. In this paper, we give a new characterization of Mathieu groups by using the character degree graphs and their orders.


EPIDEMIOLOGY About 30% of the world's population is infected by the organism that causes tuberculosis. 8 to 10 million people develop the disease annually = 1000 new cases every hour. Of these, 11% occur in children <15yrs. Of the childhood cases, 75% occur annually in 22 high burden country that together account for 80% of the world's incidence. About 2 million deaths occur annually which is equivalent to 52000 deaths weekly. Nigeria has the 5 largest TB burden worldwide. The FMOH declared TB a national emergency in April 2006. The world is presently witnessing resurgence in the incidence of TB. This may be attributable to worsening economic situation, multidrug resistance, the HIV pandemic, decline of national tuberculosis control programmes and large number of displaced persons living in poor conditions as a result of conflicts and wars. TB occurs at any age with the highest burden of disease found amongst children less than 4 years of age. Mode of spread is mainly by 1) inhalationcommonest; 2) ingestionthrough infected dairy products (this is rare) and 3) penetration of skin and mucous membranes (very rare). Children are infected from adult index cases with smear positive adults being 10 times more infective than smear negative cases. Manifestation of TB in children can be predicted based on the Walgreen Timetable highlighted below: Pulmonary tuberculosis – within a few months of primary infection. Miliary and meningeal tuberculosis – 2-6 months. TB adenitis 3-9 months. Bones and joints – several years. Renal and genital tuberculosis – may take over a decade. Pulmonary lesions occurring as a result of reactivation of a dormant focus previously established in the body takes a number of years after primary infection.


The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of thirty-six Basmati
 rice genotypes for yield and its related traits under direct-seeded rice
 (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI), chemical-free cultivation
 (CFC), and conventional transplanted rice (TPR).The genotypes were evaluated
 for two years at two locations in randomized block design with three
 replications. Genotype Pusa Basmati 1121 scored highest ~22% yield increase
 in system of rice intensification method over transplanted rice followed by
 Pusa Basmati 1 (~20%) genotypes HKR 11-447 (~18 %). Genotype Pusa Basmati 1,
 Pusa Basmati 1637-2-8-20-5 and Pusa Basmati1734-8-3-85 produced 8-16 %
 higher yield in chemical-free cultivation in comparison to TPR. Genotypes HKR
 98-476, CSR 30, PAU 6297-1 yielded equally in DSR as well as in TPR. All the
 genotypes under study showed earlier flowering and maturity in DSR followed
 by SRI and TPR=CFC. Pusa Basmati 1509recordedthe earliest flowering across
 the environments. Most of the genotypes showed an increase in panicle
 weight, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, percent
 filled spikelets, Biological yield, and grain yield under SRI over other
 methods of rice crop establishment. Among different methods, SRI was found
 best than TPR, CFC, and DSR (wet).


The impact of load-proportional systems on network energy consumption is analyzed based on time-varying traffic demands. With increased system load-proportionality network energy efficiencies improve, but significant amounts of energy have to be spent for upholding communication faculty on country-wide scales.


Over the last few years, flexible electronics has advanced significantly as devices and circuits have begun to appear from Nano-scale structures to printed thin films. At the same time, demand for high-performance electronics has also increased, due to the need for flexible and compact integrated circuits to achieve fully flexible electronic systems. Obtaining flexible and lightweight integrated circuits is challenging as the silicon-based CMOS circuitry, which is currently the industry standard for high-performance, is planar and silicon's brittle nature makes bendability difficult. The ultra-thin silicone chips are gaining popularity for this purpose. This study offers an in-depth analysis of different approaches to produce ultra-thin silicon wafer chips. The comprehensive study discussed here involves consideration of the characteristics of ultra-thin chips such as electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties, stress modeling and packaging techniques. The fundamental developments in areas such as sensing, computation, data storage, and energy were addressed along with several emerging applications (e.g., wearable devices, mHealth, smart cities, and the Internet of Things, etc.) that they will enable.


Objective:The aim of this study is to observe the expression of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma and analysis the relationship of prognosis between CD44v6 expression and metastases in gastric carcinoma preliminarily.Methods:From 2006 to 2008,49 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied.The expression of CD44v6 in gastric carcinoma was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results: 49 cases of gastric carcinoma in patients position rate of CD44v6 was 55.10%(27/49).Using standard chemotherapy regimen for CD44v6+ and CD44v6-groups,the rate of clinical efficient was 31.82%(7/22) and 22.22%(6/27) respectively.There was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusions: Cell adhesion molecule CD44v6 is highly expressed in gastric carcinoma.CD44v6 expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma.CD44v6 can,therefore,be utilized as a prognostic marker for this group of patients.


An elementary complex analysis is used to represent the roots of a univariate polynomial equation of any degree as integrals of elementary functions.


The government in this case National Family Planning Coordination Comission introduce s a new program called the Movement of Family Planning Independent. The level independence of Family Planning is a condition or mental attitude of the community in implementing Family Planning who can stand alone and did not depend on the parties/others and awake to meet their needs in Family Planning independently. This research aims to analyze relations of social economic (education, occupation, income) and characteristics of Family Planning acceptors (age, number of live child) and a level of independence New Family Planning participants in the use of Familiy Planning Independent programs (in Sunggal Sub urban, Medan Sub-district , Medan City in 2012). This research is descriptive-analytic . P opulation is New Family Planning acceptor s, amount of 122 pe r son and all population become samples . The data is analyzed by Chi Square test with α 0 . 05. The results of research indicates that the acceptors of Family Planning Independent more in Higher Education Level, who has work, income level ≥ Rp. 1 . 285 . 000.00, age of adult, and the number of life child ≤ 2 child. It indicates that factors related to the level of independence of New Family Planning acceptors are education (p < 0 , 000 1 ), occupation (p = 0 , 013), income (p < 0 , 0001), age (p < 0 , 0001), number of life child (p=0 , 005). It sugestion that National Family Planning Coordination Comission do the socialization of Family Planning Independent to them who have the lower educational level, unemployee, the lower income, the younger age, and them who have mor e child to achieve the objective of Family Planning Independent. Keywords : Level of Independence, Social-Economics, Acceptors of New Family Planning, Characteristic of Acceptors of Family Planning


Theory Applied: The socio-technical theory. The socio-technical theory holds that the work system in an organization consists of two subsystems: the social and the technical, which are independent, but interrelated (Trist, Emery, & Murray, 1997). In other words, this theory highlights the role of social and technical factors in the workplace. Lee and Choi's (2003, p. 188) study of the enablers of knowledge creation process clustered "organizational culture, organizational structure, and people" as the social factors, and classified information technology (IT) as the technical factor.


SOURCE CITATION
Bundy JD, Mills KT, Anderson AH, et al. Prediction of end-stage kidney disease using estimated glomerular filtration rate with and without race: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175:305-13. 35007146.