An experiment was conducted over three consecutive seasons during 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the effects of traffic-induced compaction on growth and yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean grown in a tropical Alfisol for no-tillage and ploughed systems. Compaction treatments of no, two and four passes of a 2-tonne roller were used on the sub-plots. The roller was 60 cm in diameter, 180 cm long, with a contact area of 0.1729 m2 and was pulled by a 33.6 kW tractor. The four-pass treatment reduced percentage emergence, plant height, leaf number, leaf area index, and dry matter yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean. These reductions were more marked on ploughed than on no-till plots. The two-and four-pass treatments significantly reduced root growth of maize, cowpea and soya bean in the 0–70 mm depth, but the reduction in root density was greater in ploughed than in no-tillage. The two-and four-pass compaction treatments reduced plant nutrient uptake and grain yield of maize, cowpea and soya bean. The four-pass treatment reduced maize grain yield by 48% in all seasons under no-tillage and by 53, 61 and 75% after ploughing in the first, second and third consecutive cropping seasons respectively, compared to the yield of the relevant non-compacted treatment. Cowpea yield was reduced by 38% in all seasons after no-tillage and by 39, 50 and 57% after ploughing during the first, second and third consecutive cropping season respectively. The response of soya bean to four-pass compaction resulted in yield reduction by 50,64 and 25% after no-tillage and by 47, 48 and 65% after ploughing in the first, second and third consecutive cropping season, respectively. Crop yields were found to be negatively correlated with soil bulk density, penetrometer resistance, and relative compaction, and positively correlated with infiltration rate, soil moisture content and specific volume. Multiple regression equations were also developed between crop yield and soil properties.


Abstract : The purpose of this essay is to examine the casulaty systems of each of the services (Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines) and recent incidents involving mass or multi-service casulaties to determine the feasibility and necessity of establishing a joint casualty operations agency at JCS level to serve as the focal point for coordination of casualty reporting and assistance policies and actions for all services during peace and wartime; for delineating casualty reporting responsibilities and procedures during joint combat operations; and, to act as a central clearing house for all casualty related matters for all services.


SUMMARY The availability of spatial data sourced from either field-derived or satellite-based systems has created new opportunities to estimate and/or monitor changes in carbon sequestration rates, climate change impacts or the potential habitat alterations occurring across large landscapes. However, an effort to create models is not standardized, in part, due to different needs and data sources available for the models. For example, data may have different spatial resolutions with varying degrees of complexity in regards to inputs and statistical methods. This study determines effects of 20, 15, 10, five and one km sampling resolutions on detection of changes in net primary productivity (NPP), occupancy selection criteria for areas to be included in the sample and identification of significant variables impacting NPP in Indonesia forests. Production forest designated for selective harvest was used to define the sampling areas. Variances explained by predictive models were similar across cell sizes although relative importance of variables was different. Partial dependence plots were used to search for potential thresholds or tipping points of NPP change as affected by an independent variable such as minimum daytime temperature. Applying different cell occupancy selection rules significantly changed the overall distribution of NPP values. The magnitude of those changes within a cell size varied with changes in cell size. The mean estimated NPP for production forests across Indonesia differed significantly at every sampling resolution and occupancy selection criteria. Lows ranged from 1.107 to 1.121 kg C m−2 yr−1 for the 1-km cell size for the three occupancy selection criteria with highs ranging from 1.245 to 1.189 kg C m−2 yr−1 for the 20-km cell size. The difference in NPP values between these two cell sizes for the three occupancy selection criteria extrapolates to a range in annual biomass of 132 × 106 to 66 × 106 t for the total area of production forests in Indonesia.


The problems existed in strategic target implementation in national enterprises are elaborated from several aspects such as the development direction of enterprises, human resources distribution, competitive power of enterprises and so on. At the same time some active countermeasures are proposed for global market competition.


The development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for breast magnetic resonance (MR) images has encountered some big challenges. One of these challenges is related to breast lesion segmentation. Accurate segmentation of breast lesions has a vital role in other consequent applications such as feature extraction. Since malignant breast lesions typically appear with irregular borders and shapes in MR images whereas benign masses appear with more regular shapes, and smooth and lobulated borders, it seems that the accurate segmentation of breast lesion borders in MR images are important. To achieve this purpose, we have used the Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) snake segmentation method. This study included 52 (33 malignant and 19 benign) histopathologically proven breast lesions and the stages of the proposed method are as follows: selecting the region of interest (ROI), segmentation using GVF, evaluation of GVF snake segmentation method. The results of GVF segmentation method in this study were satisfactory referred to the radiologist's manual segmentation. The results showed the GVF snake segmentation method correctly segmented 97% of malignant lesion borders and 89.5% of benign lesion borders at the overlap threshold of 0.6. This indicates GVF snake segmentation method could provide us with a powerful method that can make an accurate segmentation in breast lesion borders.


In recent years, deep learning has been a very hot topic in the machine learning community. It has brought break-through results in image classification and speech recognition. Most recently, researchers have also got many promising results in natural language processing using deep learning techniques. As machine learning techniques are widely used in the Web search and data mining applications, many researchers and practitioners are studying the possibility of applying the recently-developed deep learning techniques into these applications. Some of them have made very promising progress, and thus it is a good time to hold a workshop to discuss and share the problems and progress in using deep learning techniques to improve Web search and data mining tasks.


This article discusses the importance of personalized learning in the development of personalized educational principles and the development of students' intellectual abilities and the function of the teacher in the education system.


Study aim : to evaluate the feasibility of radiation dose escalation≥70 Gy to the tumor using the 3-DCRT technique and to examine the patterns of failure as a function of dose and irradiated volume in patients with NSCLC. Material a nd m ethod s. Between 1997-2003 sixty patients with NSCLC were irradiated to the dose 70-74 Gy using conformal techniques. Stage distribution was: I° – 16, II° – 26, III° – 18. For 40 patients the limited elective nodal irradiation (ENI) to 54-56 Gy was performed. 20 pts. were irradiated with omission of the ENI. Toxicity was evaluated according to the RTOG/EORTC criteria. Overall survival was estimated for 53 pts. with a follow-up period of at least 12 months (alive). Localization of failures was evaluated as function of the administered dose. Results . The planned dose was administered according to the protocol to all patients, except for 4, in case of whom the dose to the lung exceeded protocol constraints (mean dose to lung ≤20 Gy). We lost 1 patient due to toxic death (radiation pneumonitis) and observed 1 case of grade III acute followed by grade III late pulmonary toxicity. In both these patients the mean dose to the lung was >20 Gy. Estimated 3-year overall survival rate was 22%, with median survival of 21 months. The first site of failure was in 27 pts., volume receiving doses ≥70 Gy, in 6 pts. distant metastases without local failure. No patient treated without ENI presented with isolated mediastinal failure outside the irradiated volume. Conclusions . Conformal radiotherapy with moderate dose escalation to 70-74 Gy is feasible, as long as one respects the dose constraints for the lung. This approach does not improve treatment results as compared to older techniques. Omission of the ENI appears to be an attractive treatment option.


BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a significant problem among adult men and is considered as a risk factor for several diseases. Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induces Leydig cell apoptosis through elevation of corticosterone, with testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and Leydig cell caspase-3 expression as parameters. The aim of this study was to observe testicular MDA level and caspase-3 expression treated with paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), immobilization, and footshock stress and to determine the stress model with a significant effect in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) . METHODS This experimental randomized study of posttest only with control group design was conducted on 24 white male Wistar strain rats, randomly allocated into four treatment groups, i.e. control (K1) without any stress treatment, PSD (KII), immobilization (KIII), and footshock stress (KIV). Treatments were given for 25 days to produce chronic stress. Testicular MDA concentration was examined by the ELISA method while caspase-3 was examined by the TUNEL method. RESULTS Mean testicular MDA concentration with one-way ANOVA test showed differences in means between the groups (p=0.000) and post hoc Tukey-HSD test showed significant results between PSD stress group versus control, immobilization and footshock stress groups. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in caspase-3 expression in at least two treatment groups (p=0.008) and post-hoc Tuckey-LSD test showed significant differences between controls and all stress groups. CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation is a type of stress inducing changes in testicular MDA concentration and caspase-3 expression in male rat testes.


This article focuses on social determinants of health among elderly includng economical, technology and cultural changes which affected the coexistence of people in the communities. The article also includes suggestions for problem-solving on the social health promotion of elderly under the rule of communities' faith and local resources but also reflected on the health empowerment activity of the elderly. The coordination of local wisdom and health need, the learning process and the social health promotion of elderly with Lanna local wisdom and Buddhism learning applications to the strategy in the community under economics, social, and physical property of the natural resource are positively correlated with elderly's social health promotion behavior.


The book largely covers the proceedings of the first plain legal language conference held at the University of Pretoria in 1999 and has been a long time coming, finally being published in 2001. The book is conveniently divided into eight parts.


Solvent effects reduce the activation energies calculated for olefin epoxidation by dioxiranes and percarboxylic acids in the gas phase. Association of a proton donor to the oxygen atom of the peroxo group not attacked by the olefin activates the peroxo group and lowers the reaction barrier by 2−6 kcal/mol, in agreement with experimental findings. A polarizable solvent reduces the activation barrier further by about 2 kcal/mol. Overall, satisfactory agreement with experimental activation energies is achieved if calculated intrinsic (electronic) barriers are corrected for both types of solvent effects. As an application we also discuss the electrostatic solvent effect on the activation barrier of the olefin epoxidation by different base adducts of a rhenium bisperoxo complex and we rationalize opposite trends with different solvent dielectric constants.


Several ricks of shield passing through Xiangjiang are calculated in this paper,and risk control measures are put forward to provide some useful guidance for tunnel construction.


Weining and Hezhang is old haunt of Jianwei Prefecture in the Western Han Dynasty and Hezhang is county town of Hanyang, which belong to old haunt of Yelang which was built by Gelaos' ancient worthies, Ethnic Pu. The unearthed artifacts in Kele is cultural remains of Gelaos' ancient worthies.


BACKGROUND AND AIM
Protection against coronary artery disease (CAD) by moderate alcohol consumption is thought to be partly mediated through an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The protective effect of HDL can be related to its role in reverse cholesterol transport. Some studies have shown that wine intake is associated with a lower CAD risk compared to other alcoholic beverages.

METHODS AND RESULTS
In order to separate the possible beneficial effects of the alcoholic and the non-alcoholic components of red wine, three beverages were compared in a group of 56 healthy young men: red wine (W) (30 g alcohol/day), a solution with the same degree of alcohol (A) and alcohol-free red wine (AFW). Beverages were consumed in random order over a period of 14 days. W significantly increased serum HDL-C, Apo A-I, HDL3-C, LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II particles. With A, only ApoA-I, HDL3-C, LpA-I:A-II were increased, though triglycerides were also increased. AFW had no effect apart from decreasing HDL-C. Plasma CETP was never altered. Serum-promoted cellular cholesterol efflux was measured on 3H labelled Fu5AH cells. Fractional cholesterol efflux was increased only after W intake, by 7%. Efflux variations correlated positively with HDL-C, HDL3-C and HDL-phospholipid variations.

CONCLUSIONS
A modest, specific beneficial effect of moderate red wine consumption was demonstrated in comparison to an alcoholic solution. This was due to its effects on lipoproteins and its stimulation of serum ability to induce efflux of cellular cholesterol.


Indonesia, as a predominantly Muslim country, experiences a high demand for halal products due to its Muslim consumer base. This research focuses on understanding the perceptions of Indonesian society towards businesses, particularly in the food and beverage sector, that lack halal certification. The specific company under investigation is Mixue Indonesia. The study utilizes sentiment analysis through the Naive Bayes method, aided by RapidMiner software, to analyze public comments on Twitter regarding Mixue Indonesia's halal certification issue. Out of the 200 comments analyzed, the sentiment analysis revealed that approximately 122 comments expressed negative sentiments towards Mixue's halal certification. The findings indicate a notable concern and dissatisfaction among the Indonesian community regarding Mixue Indonesia's halal certification status. To address this issue, it is recommended that Mixue Indonesia takes immediate steps to obtain halal certification for their products. Additionally, future research should explore the reasons behind the negative sentiments and further investigate the impact of halal certification on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. Understanding these factors will enable companies like Mixue Indonesia to meet the demands and expectations of their Muslim consumer base effectively.


We previously showed that central angiotensinergic transmission plays an important role on thermoregulation and metabolic adjustments during exercise by increasing heat dissipation and modulating heat production. To asses the effect of central angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade by losartan (Los) on serotonin content in preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus (HP), Wistar rats were submitted to exercise until fatigue after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 2 μL of Los (60 nmol, n=6) or 0.15 M NaCl (Sal, n=6). Time to fatigue (TTF) and workload (W) were analyzed. At fatigue, animals were decapitated, brains were removed and POA and HP were dissected and frozen in dry ice. Serotonin (5‐HT) and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were measured by HPLC. Los animals showed a 35% and 32% decrease in TTF and W, respectively, when compared to Sal‐treated rats. These animals showed higher levels of 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA in POA (5‐HT: 0.4±0.05 ng/mg, Los vs 0.09±0.02 ng/mg, Sal; 5‐HIAA: 2.6±0.5 ng/mg, Los vs 0.8±0.2 ng/mg, Sal, p< 0.05) and HP (5‐HT: 0.2±0.02 ng/mg, Los vs 0.06±0.03 ng/mg, Sal; 5‐HIAA: 2.4±0.6 ng/mg, Los vs 1.2±0.4 ng/mg, Sal, p< 0.05). An inverse correlation between W and 5‐HT content in the POA and HP was also found (POA: r= 0.67; HP: r= 0.63, p< 0.05). Our data suggest that central fatigue induced by AT1 receptor blockade is related to an increase in 5‐HT content in the POA and HP.


Background: Upper third of the face is the most significant area for gender determination. Supraorbital bossing and posterior inclination are the characteristics of the masculine foreheads. For male-to-female transgender patients, facial feminization surgery, especially the forehead, improves not only the femininity and aesthetics, but also the self-esteem and quality of life. Aim and Objectives: This article presented our surgical techniques in feminization of the forehead combining fronto-orbital contouring procedure and augmentation using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Materials and Methods: A 21-year-old male-to-female transgender patient who underwent forehead feminization surgery was reported. Through coronal approach, the supraorbital bossing was contoured first. Before PMMA application, three screws were drilled into the frontal bone to serve as a guide and anchor for PMMA. The height of the screw heads above the bony surface bounded the thickness of PMMA, in other words, represented the extent of augmentation. We adjusted the height of the screws until the desired projection was met. PMMA was pasted onto the frontal bone and molded to create a feminine forehead with smooth and rounded curvature. Results: The patient healed uneventfully. The follow-up time was 3 years. The patient was satisfied with the aesthetic results. The forehead contour was stably maintained and the scar was barely perceptible. Conclusion: The keys to a success forehead feminization include both supraorbital bossing reduction and frontal contour augmentation. PMMA is cost-effective, readily available, and easy to shape into the desired forehead slope. The long-term results were satisfying and reliable.


ObjectiveTo study the sleep qualities of the subgroup schizophrenia. MethodsEmployed PSQI, BPRS to evaluate the sleep quality of paranoid type schizophrenia(n=37) hebephrenic type schizophrenia (n=22) and simple type schizophrenia(n=23). Compared with the scores between PSQI and BPRS in three groups. ResultsPSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and PSQI total scores were 2.63±0.61,2.25±0.59,2.49±0.57,2.41± 0.56 ,17.29±2.13 in paranoid type schizophrenia group respectively;PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and PSQI total scores were 1.68±0.71,1.93±0.44,1.51±0.89,2.01±0.41,15.3±1.62 in hebephrenic type schizophrenia group respectively;PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and PSQI total scores were 2.58±0.53,1.16±0.60,2.01±0.68,2.15± 0.72 , 13.5 ±2.11 in simple type schizophrenia group respectively. There are significant differences among PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and PSQI total scores in all groups(P0.01 or 0.05). The PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅵ and total scores of PSQI in paranoid type schizophrenia are higher than those in hebephrenic type schizophrenia(P0.01), while PSQI-Ⅴ in paranoid type schizophrenia are higher than that in simple type schizophrenia(P0.05). The BPRS scores in paranoid type schizophrenia has positive correlations with PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅵ and total score of PSQI(r= 0.410 ,0.357,0.714,P0.05 or 0.01).The BPRS scores in hebephrenic type schizophrenia has positive correlations with PSQI-Ⅱ,Ⅵ and total score of PSQI(r=0.480,0.334,0.621,P0.05 or 0.01).ConclusionsSleep quality in paranoid type schizophrenia and hebephrenic type schizophrenia is lower than that in simple type schizophrenia, and its severity has relationship with fall-sleep time and prescribed sedatives.


Summary: New and innovative classroom technology may introduce novel learning environments and provide solutions for tedious grading tasks; however, it is important to determine if such technology influences test performance. Results from a usability study on the Classroom Performance System, a system allowing students to upload test answers via a remote control, indicates discrepancies between perceived ease of use and actual performance.


Current essay is a comparative study on the tax systems of Latin American countries with special reference to the evolution of revenues, tax rates and revenue composition. The revenues of a typical Latin American country are lower than the average revenues of developed countries, with a great concentration on indirect taxation. A strong correlation between income and GDP per capita and between tax rates and revenues was confirmed, except for Corporate Income Tax. Tax load in Brazil is almost twice the Latin American average and close to that of developed countries. In the case of revenue composition, Brazil is an exception within the region´s standard since it relies less on consumption taxes and more on income taxes. It is worth mentioning that revenues from the Brazilian´s corporate income tax are relatively low within the context of its high tax rates.


A report is given of some characteristics of two types of long-service-life metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diodes suitable for conversion of microwave and infrared radiation to the visible range. It is suggested that it should be possible to mass-manufacture such MOM detectors


The hospitality industry is one of the industries that has experienced the hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as a drastic drop in visitor levels and closed businesses. Despite the importance of organizational agility in the hospitality industry during post-pandemic recovery, there has been rare research on organizational agility in the hotel industry, especially in Indonesia. The research analyzed the effect of organizational agility on organizational performance through competitive advantage and organizational culture as mediating variables in hotels in Indonesia. The research sample was 76 hotels that consist of three-to-five-star hotels in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis method through smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software to test the research hypothesis. The results indicate that organizational agility has an important role in increasing organizational performance. Organizational agility has a significant and positive impact on organizational performance in hospitality in Indonesia, with a competitive advantage and organizational culture as mediating variables. The research helps management to understand the importance of having organizational agility in a company to deal with uncertain conditions. The findings also help management not only focus on quality but also on how companies can meet customer needs, create competitiveness, take risks, innovate, and increase profitability to improve organizational performance.


Using a qualitative approach, this study examines ways in which reading global literary texts and communicating with native English-speaking teachers informed a group of Korean university students' English language learning and intercultural awareness. The students chose the pre-selected illustrative books, created short video clips, produced electronic books, prepared power point presentations, participated in creative writing sessions, and engaged in small group talk. The main data in this study include English group discussions from the Korean students, observation notes of the students' group discussion and presentations, samples of the students' work, and individual interviews regarding the students' perception of their participation with extensive learning through encounters with cross-national discussions and global literary texts. Findings showed that the students were able to gain and sustain knowledge about and respect for various cultures and cultivate a critical understanding of and appreciation for ways local experiences can be impacted by broader global patterns, and vice versa. Reading global illustrative texts and participating in discussion about the texts helped the students in critically reflecting on their own cultures and those of others. The students further gained a deeper interest in global literary texts and developed their English language skills by communicating with native English-speaking teachers. Pedagogical implications for language and literacy educators are provided.


The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not syphilis can be transmitted from one animal to another by means of a corneal graft. From the point of view of the clinician performing a corneal graft operation, the pertinent question is: "Can syphilis be transferred from donor to host if the donor's eye is free from all evidence of past or present inflammation even though the donor has an undetected early or latent syphilis?" This question was investigated experimentally.


Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan(February 1, 2008)The s-wave scattering length for the Positronium-Positronium interaction is estimated semi-phenomenologically with the long-range van der Waals force and the short-range repulsive potentialthat represents the hard core between two positronium. The obtained value of the scattering lengthis a∼ 0.44nm, and its stability is also checked for different parametrizations. Using this value, theGross-Pitaevskii equation can be fixed for the Positronium Bose-Einstein condensates (Ps BEC). Thestatic properties of Ps BEC are studied from the solutions of that equation. The phase-transitiontemperature shift of the Ps BEC due to the Ps-Ps interaction is also evaluated with the mean-fieldapproximation.I. INTRODUCTION


Introduction: Nutrition research on the health benefits of substances in plant foods (phytochemicals) has recently advanced to a new stage, as ascorbic acid, these phytonutrients is abundant in citrus fruit, and all show physiologic actions that may contribute to cancer prevention. Citrus lemon is an important source of this nutritional qualityand it has low durability due to its high water content (87%). Therefore, some practical solutions such as drying could help to increase their sustainable necessary for improve production. Different drying methods have considerable impact on the quality of final product. Vacuum drying can preserved nutrients and increased the nutritional quality of the final product. This behavior could be related to drying process at low temperatures in the absence of oxygen. In vacuum drying, removal of moisture from food products takes place under low pressure. The lower pressure allow drying temperature to be reduced and higher quality to be obtained than with classical air conventional process at atmospheric pressure. Osmotic dehydration can be used to remove water from heat-sensitive products with low energy consumption at a low temperature. Since osmotic dehydration cannot remove whole moisture but it is good as a preliminary partial dehydration step. Higher osmotic concentration, long time and oxygen resulted in higher loss of antioxidant activity but fit osmotic concentration and time. The osmotic process has received considerable attention as a pre-treatment to reduce energy consumption and improve food quality, besides reducing the drying time in different research studies. The osmotic dehydration as a pre-treatment also inhibits enzymatic growing, retains natural color and retains volatile aromas during the subsequent drying. Sodium metabisulphite is an inorganic compound. It is used as antioxidant (through oxidation prevention) and preservative agent. The purpose of this study was to quantify the flow of soluble micronutrients, such as ascorbic acid, antioxidant agent during osmosis and its effects on the changes of organoleptic characteristics (flavor, taste, color and texture) in final product.

Materials and method: In this study, lemons (shirazi) of uniform quality were purchased from the local market Tabriz city (Iran) and stored at 4oC then the local temperature reached before use. The prepared slices of lemon with a thickness of 4 mm, were immersed in a solution of sodium metabisulphite (1500ppm) for 10 minutes at room temperature. Then, the influence of three different osmotic solution, (40 % sugar, 15 % salt and 20%:%20 sugar/ salt) on osmotic dehydration (water loss and solid gain) prior to vacuum drying oven (Memmert, Schwabach, Germany) at temperature: 60C and pressure: 70mbar, were investigated the (Shulka and Singh, 2007) method. Moisture content was determined by the oven drying method (AOAC, 1990). The effects of various drying parameters such as osmotic solution and metabisulphite treatment on the quality of dried lemon slices were evaluated. Drying kinetics were presented in terms of the temperature of the product during drying, drying curve and drying time and quality aspects were studied in terms EC50 by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl absorption rate in spectrophotometer method (Cemeroglu, 2010), ascorbic acid by the 2, 6-dichlorophenol Indophenol titration method (Cemeroglu, 2010), shrinkage by the fluid movement (by ethanol) method (yasaemehrjerdi et al, 2012), and sensory evaluation by the ratings table method. Also the experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design in triplicates. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using Design Expert software, and version dx7-trial.

Result & discussion: The result showed that the pretreatment with osmotic solution, has significant effect (level 1%) on physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. In this study, shrinkage levels were reduced to an average of 20 percent because of the evolution of volume of dried lemon tissue throughout osmotic dehydration in osmotic aqueous solution were closely supported by microstructural and ultrastructural changes. The observed behavior of structural parameters could be partially explained in terms of the multicomponent diffusion process occurring during osmosis as well as the relaxation of structural stresses of the compressed viscoelastic cell walls. Water loss in samples immersed in sodium metabisulphite was increased, while EC50 (reduced EC50 amount that's mean increased antioxidant capacity) and that ascorbic acid content were decreased. Also combined osmotic solution (salt 20%- sugar 20%), considerable in water loss and solid gain due to the combined osmotic solution were increased. Mass transfer in samples was increased by increasing the osmotic pressure using salt. The sugar solution can be preserved fruit nutrients and increased the sensory quality of the final product through preserved antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content. model presented the best fit for the observed data and sample immersion in sodium metabisulphite with sucrose osmotic solution selected. Since, changing the original taste of fruit in osmotic dehydration considered to be a negative factor. Therefore, the selection of the best solution must be based on the sensory properties. Based on the obtained results, the best osmotic solution for dried lemon was found to be the sugar solution.


The article is devoted the problem of prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) in cancer patients. The study identifies the causes of thrombosis in this category of patients and describes in details the major and minor risk factors for the development of VTEC. The results of studies on the influence of the morphological characteristics of the tumor, the stage and location of tumor on the risk of development of  VTEC are performed. It is noted that along with the likelihood of thrombosis, cancer patients at the stages of surgical treatment there is an alternative risk factor – bleeding. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications and their risk increases in the presence of disintegration of the tumor, its proximity to the main vessels, extent of surgical aggression, as well as due to the introduction of anticoagulants. The approaches to the selection of the optimal method is specific or nonspecific prevention of VTEC depending on the nature and volume of the intervention, estimated blood loss and patients' rehabilitation time are described. We show the advantages of  low  molecular weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for the prevention of VTEC in Oncology. The article presents long-term experience of employees of one of the leading cancer institutions in Russia – P. Hertsen MORI, whose team took an active part in the development of Russian clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of VTEC in Oncology.


The main product of the bromination of hexahydrolaurefucin with sulfinyl bromide has been established as (10R)-10-bromo-10-deoxyhexahydrolaurefucin by X-ray crystal structure analysis.


To investigate the formation of the chromophoric structures taking place during the alkaline pulping vanillyl alcohol [] guaiacylglycerol--aryl ether [ or ] and phenylcoumarn [] units as model lignins were treated with 1N sodium hydroxide at 165 for 1.5-3 hours. From the chemical structures of the isolated products and -NMR Spectra of the reaction mixtures, the main conclusion is as follows; 1) Condensation products of II-1-5 were identified from the reaction mixture of vanillyl alcohol treated with alkali and theses compounds afforded the quinonmethide structure(Fig. 3-7) by air oxidation. 2) Treatment of guaiacylglycerol--aryl ether unit gave -aryl--aroxy quinone structures (IV-15, IV-16), diguaiacyl-1, 4-penta-diene , '-diaroxyl distyrene methane unit, -aroxy distyrene methane. These distyrene methanes of the compounds are transformed by air oxidation into the corresponding o-quinonemethide units (V-8, V-9). 3) On the treatment of phenylcoumaran, the stilbene derivative was formed in quantitative yield and dimerized(VI-11) in preference to oxidation to the corresponding extended quinone structures. The chromophoric structures taken place during the alkaline treatment of the model lignins are thought to be some important types in alkaline pulping on the basis of the reaction mechanism in this experiment.


Presents a portion of the thousands of studies and papers that have been inspired by Piaget's work and their implications for science teaching.


For t he t reat ment of t he quantum eff ect of charge dist ribution in nanoscale MOS F ETs , a quantum cor2 rection model using L evenberg2Marquardt back2p rop agation neural networks is p resented t hat can p redict t he quantum densit y f rom t he classical density. The t raining sp eed and accuracy of neural networks wit h diff erent hid2 den layers and numbers of neurons are studied. We conclude t hat high t raining speed and accuracy can be obtained using neural networks wit h two hidden layers , but t he number of neurons in t he hidden layers does not have a no2 ticeable eff ect . For single and double2gate nanoscale MOSF ETs , our model can easily p redict t he quantum charge densit y in t he silicon layer , and it agrees closely wit h t he SchrÊdinger2Poisson app roach.


Surrogate Motherhood – a gestation and birth of a child with the help of the form of assisted reproductive technology by a contract between the surrogate mother and the potential parents. The agreement provides an agreement by which two or more persons agree to perform or not perform certain actions. In international legal standards, no provisions on surrogacy and the current practice is contrary to the applicable rules of international standards of human rights. The article deals with the violation of human dignity, a violation of the child's dignity and surrogate motherhood in the framework of international law. As far as the law violates the natural human right to be a child of their biological parents, not legal. Keywords: children's rights, the legal parents of international legal standards, reproductive rights, human dignity, the natural human right.


MoS2 with intercalated primary amines was synthesized and structurally characterized. The interlaminar distance of the MoS2 was found to increase from 0.6 nm to 5.1 nm for hexadecylamine. Hydrothermal treatment of these nanocomposites yields nanoparticles. Among them are nanotubes and nanofibres with inner diameters of 100–25 nm and a length ranging 2–12 μm. A first growth mechanism for these tubes and fibers is proposed.


The crowdsourcing system is a distributed problem-solving platform, in which tasks are delivered to the crowd (i.e., crowdworkers) in the form of an open call. Usually, large-scale crowdsourcing systems contain abundant microtasks, and the overhead of a crowdworker spending on searching the appropriate task may be comparable to the cost of completing the task. Therefore, task recommendation is necessary. However, existing work ignores the dynamics in crowdsourcing system, i.e., new tasks continually arrive, which leads to the issues of task cold-start. To overcome the challenge of the new coming task recommendation, this article proposes a feature-based Bayesian task recommendation (BTR) scheme. The key idea to deal with the dynamics of the crowdsourcing system lies in that the BTR learns the latent factor of the task through the task features instead of task ID and then learns the user's preference according to their historical behaviors. Specifically, based on task features and the user's historical behavior records, BTR can not only timely provide crowdworkers with personalized task recommendations but also solve the task cold-start problem. The simulations based on the real crowdsourced data set demonstrate that BTR performs better than other typical schemes that target at recommending the newly arrived tasks to crowdworkers.


Comparatively speaking, academic credibility has dual tension at system and the value level, which cannot be replaced by academic administrative power. Academic evaluation and academic research are integrated and inseparable, and the process of academic journal evaluation and its own development cannot be separated from the participation of academic community. At present, it is urgent to build academic credibility based on academic spontaneous order at the boundary between administrative power and academic power, and strengthen the maintenance of credibility by scientific rigid system norms, so as to form consistent action and self-discipline of academic community and constantly improve academic ecology.


This paper aims to examine in-depth the events leading up to the partial privatisation in Indonesian State-Owned Banks (SOBs). The paper addresses the following questions: What is the meaning of 'partial privatisation' in the banking sector? How has partial privatisation of banking been carried out in Indonesia? What lessons can be learned about the strengths and weaknesses of partial privatisation as a method of reforming SOBs in developing economies?


In the present contribution we propose a gedankenexperiment in which the restriction of rational values on the velocities emerges as a necessary condition from Classical Electromagnetism and Quantum Mechanics. This restriction is shown to be intimately connected to Dirac's electric charge quantization condition. Important experimental results or currently accepted theoretical principles remain unaffected if velocities are required to be rational numbers. This interesting result has been recently given by Horzela et al[1]. They show, moreover, that such restriction can be easily incorporated into special relativity, since rational velocities are Lorentz invariant quantities. In the present contribution we propose a gedankenexperiment in which such restriction on the velocities emerge as a necessary condition from Classical Electromagnetism and Quantum Mechanics, intimately connected with Dirac's electric charge quantization condition. Let us consider the scattering of a charge e under the influence of the field generated by the charge distribution depicted in fig 1: two concurring planes with opposite charge densities, the concurring line being the z-axis. The surface charge densities on the planes, σ, is given by Work partially supported by CNPq and FAPESP


This paper is concerned with the geolocation of a scanning emitter from time of intercept measurements of the rotating emitter beam. The problem of estimating the emitter location is cast into a profile likelihood estimation framework by treating the unknown scan rate of the emitter as a nuisance parameter. A grid search technique is developed for initializing iterative profile likelihood estimation algorithms. The grid spacing is determined from an estimate of the Lipschitz constant of the profile likelihood cost function. Maxima of directional derivatives of the cost function are fitted to a Weibull distribution to estimate the Lipschitz constant. The performance of the profile likelihood estimator is illustrated with simulation examples.


MANY papers have been written from time to time on the subject of performance testing, dealing with both the purely theoretical and the practical aspects, and it may be questioned whether there is anything left to be added to the already abundant literature on the subject.


This article describes the ongoing impact of a community-based mental health program to address physical health issues associated with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). This program developed over a period of 6 years in response to clients' increased participation and motivation. As participants' level of physical wellness improved, there was a demand for more advanced and varied levels of activity. This article demonstrates that people with SPMI responded positively to a structured and supportive group process for improving physical health and wellness.


Mortality in radio-marked European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)) neonates was studied during 14 years in a mixed forest–agricultural landscape in Sweden. A total of 233 fawns were...


ABSTRACT Three measurement methods (falling impact, resonance impulse method and puncture test) are applied to determine some mechanical properties of Golden Delicious apple. Hertz' theory modified by Kozma and Cunningham for impact between two elastic bodies are applied in this work. This allows Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio ν and Lame's coefficients µ and λ calculation from elasticity coefficients measured by puncture test and acoustic impulse method. Young's modulus and Lame's coefficients decreased with storage time and with degree of fruit ripening. Variation of Poisson's ratio during ripening appears to occurred into three steps: a moderate increase at the beginning of storage, a virtually constant value close to 0.170 up to the fourth storage month and an increase close to 25% up to 186 days cold storage. At the beginning of storage, increasing of Poisson's ratio linked to the decrease of percent contribution of the flesh to the overall firmness. Relationship between Young's modulus and Lame's coefficient µ is linear. Lame's coefficient µ and percent contribution of the flesh to the overall firmness decreased in the same extent (about 43%) during a 186 days cold storage.


During the latter part of February, 1893, I was invited by my friend, Dr. J. H. Todd, of Oakland, to see a single lady, aged 21 years, who was suffering from severe vomiting, which had continued for several days without abatement. The Doctor had patiently tried almost every remedy recommended for such conditions, without benefit. The patient could receive no food except by enema; the vomiting was so frequent that but little sleep was obtained, and she was fast becoming exhausted. After a careful examination, I was ready to agree with his diagnosis—hysterical vomiting. Nothing short of large doses of morphin, a half grain hypodermically, gave any rest, and this afforded but a short respite from the vomiting. Thus the case went on till death took place; the vomiting continuing in the very last throes of dissolution. A careful examination of the abdominal viscera revealed nothing to account for the


How national parliaments have developed European Union (EU) practice has been the subject of rich debates. What is less clear are the effects of parliamentary EU practice on lines of division within parliaments. Indeed, a dominant view can be identified which applies formalistic concepts of 'modes of executive-legislative relations' to explain key divisions and struggles in EU scrutiny, arguing that most parliamentary EU activity operates in the inter-party mode. Committees are frequently assigned passive roles and studied as neutral arenas for party political game-playing, the rules of which are developed elsewhere. As a result, a focus on intra-parliamentary interactions has been minimized or, in many cases, lost. In this paper, we examine comparative processes by which Members and committees developed parliamentary EU practice in the Scottish and UK Parliaments. We argue that when committees act in a unitary way, this type of engagement is often relegated to the 'black box' of the 'non-party mode'. We contend that this mode represents an under-theorised set of assembly and committee interactions and practices whose causes and effects merit closer scrutiny. Through examining the links between a) key choices made by committees over 'appropriate' ways of engaging in EU affairs and b) how knowledge about their 'appropriateness' is built, we demonstrate committees effects on parliamentarians' behaviour, including the re-casting of lines of divisions between them.


Microchannel plate (MCP) is an important signal multiplier. The original reduced lead silicate glass MCP was coated with amorphous alumina by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using trimethylaluminium Al(CH3)3(TMA) and water as precursors, to enhance the electron gain characteristics. The electrical properties of ALD-MCP at different deposition temperatures, cycles and annealing processing were investigated. The results indicated that the electron gain showed a Bigaussion trended electron gain-deposition temperature behavior at the ALD deposition temperature controlled from 120°C to 300°C with 60 deposition pulse cycles of TMA/H2O, while, the bulk resistances of which were basically unchanged. Moreover, the optimum deposition cycles were increased at the maximum electron gains with the rising deposition temperature. Besides, the modified effect of ALD-MCP was significantly affected by the processing parameters, the electrical properties of which even deteriorated with the unsuitable one. The electron gain and dark current was mainly related to the concentration of hydroxyl on the surface of microchannel layer. With an excessive annealing temperature at 400°C, despite the electron gain of ALD-MCP was almost 2×104 , the dark current of which would increase dramatically, even more than four times larger than that of the original hydrogen reduced MCP.


Introduction I. FAMILY IDENTITIES AND TRADITIONS 1. Ancestors as Models: Memory and the Construction of Gentilician Identity 2. Roman Patchwork Families: Surrogate Parenting, Socialization and the Shaping of Tradition 3. Children and the Transmission of Religious Knowledge 4. Women and Children in Ancient Landscape 5. Wax and Plaster Memories: Children in Elite and Non-Elite Strategies 6. Cicero, Tullia, and Marcus: Gender-Specific Concerns for Family Tradition? 7. Children and the Memory of Parents in the Late Roman World II. CHILDREN ON THE MARGINS? 8. Degrees of Freedom, Vernae and Junian Latins in the Roman Familia 9. Modestia vs licentia: Seneca on Childhood and Status in the Roman Family 10. Delicia-Children Revisited: The Evidence of Statius' Silvae 11. The Sick Child in his Family: A Risk for the Family Tradition 12. Hidden in Plain Sight: Expositi in the Community 13. Rome: The Invisible Children of Incest


The goal of this study is to evaluate the importance of skewness in investor utility when predicting stock market return by financial ratio variable. We use the daily time series of four major stock market indices of Shanghai Stock Exchanges and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. We find evidence of predictability of price-to-earnings ratio and price-to-book ratio on the market returns. Using the evidence of predictability, we find evidence that including skewness leads higher utility. The comparison among different ways to calculate the skewness indicate the calculation method mostly used in popular statistical software may lead to the highest utility.


The development of conservation plans, including those dealing with invasive species, is underpinned by the need to obtain reliable and accurate data. However, in many cases responding rapidly is equally critical.


New information technologies penetrate all areas of the modern economy, including organizations of higher education. Ways to improve the management process of educational activities of a higher educational institution considered. It is advisable to reorganize the educational process at the management system of the university to improve the quality of specialist education. The urgent task is to build a holistic model of the educational institution management system. In the framework of the consideration of theoretical aspects, definitions of the concepts "system" and "system model" given, and it also indicated why the system model developed and what it describes. The general structure of the model of the university's educational activities management system is presented, which includes the main subsystems: "Educational process planning", "Educational process management", "Monitoring the educational process," including processes and subprocesses. The results of this study presented in table form. The theoretical aspects of the IDEF0 notation of the SADT methodology considered. The feasibility of applying this methodology to create a functional model of the educational process of a higher educational institution is substantiated. The rationality of using IDEF0 modelling for conducting a complex (structural-functional) analysis of the educational process management system of an educational institution argued based on the main advantages of the named methodology. The presented structure of the system allows obtaining a general idea of its elements and relationships between them. Functional charts of the main business processes of managing the educational activities of the university are given. The presented functional models reflect the structure and functions of the system, as well as the flows of information and material objects converted by these functions. The functional model for managing educational activity is constructed from the perspective of the administration because the model purpose is to analyze the business processes of a higher educational institution, that are part of the complex of managerial tasks facing the university's leadership. This paper presents the developed functional model of the subsystem "Planning the educational process", which includes IDEF0 charts of several levels. The top-level chart - the context chart - is detailed by child charts containing subprocesses, functions and specific procedures, as well as incoming and outgoing data flows, control information and resources. The article presents an integrated approach to the study of the system "Management of educational activities of the university". The given study allows us to select the main ways of improving key management processes of the educational activities of the institution, in particular, to optimize the transition from "patchwork" university informatization to integrated management of the entire system as a whole.


SUMMARY Multilayered feed-forward neural networks trained with back-propagation algorithm are one of the most popular "online" artificial neural networks. These networks are showing strong inherit parallelism because of the influence of high number of simple computational elements. So it is natural to try to implement this kind of parallelism on parallel computer architecture. The Parallel Hybrid Ring Architecture (PAHRA), which is described in this article, provides flexible platform for simulation of multilayered feed-forward neural networks trained with back-propagation algorithm. The computational model of given architecture, bound to the modified error back-propagation algorithm, allows to describe the formal elements of parallel implementation of multilayered feed-forward neural network. It also allows the mathematical tool for verification of performance, which is used in simulation experiments of multilayered feed-forward network on specific hardware platform.


The differentiation of the good or service in question can be viewed in terms of some scale. Since the scale is arbitrary, we're free to assign 0 to one extreme and 1 to the other extreme (as you'll see this particular scaling is very convenient). For example, the product could be wine and the scale could measure the sweetness of the wine. Zero would correspond to the most dry wine and one would correspond to the sweetest wine. A wine with a score—or location—of 1 2 would have a sweetness midway between the most dry and sweetest. Or, as a second example, consider a one-mile street viewed from a fixed perspective: Zero is the left end of the street and one is the right end. A location of 13 would be a location one-third of a mile from the left end of the street. Let y denote the score or location of the product (e.g., y = 45 would be a wine with a sweetness score of .8 or a store located one-fifth of a mile from the right end of the street). Consumers have preferences over the location of the product or service in this product space. In particular, let a given consumer's benefit from consuming


The importance of thyroid hormone from embryonic through neonatal life has been documented in both avian and mammalian species. However, the regulation of thyroid hormone production during this period is not completely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize expression of chicken TSHβ messenger RNA (mRNA) compared with that of thyroid hormones and GH in embryonic and neonatal chickens. Total pituitary RNA was extracted on embryonic days (e-) 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 and neonatal days (d-) 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 and subjected to ribonuclease protection assays (RPA) for chicken TSHβ mRNA. TSHβ mRNA levels increased through e-19, with e-19 levels being greater than those at all other embryonic ages (P < 0.05). Levels decreased markedly on d-1, then slowly increased to d-6 and stayed elevated through d-12. RIAs were performed for T4, T3, and GH at the same ages. Serum T4 levels increased slowly from less than 1.0 ng/ml on e-11 to a peak of 6.6 ng/ml on d-1 (P < 0.05). After the peak on d-1, post...


Pumpkin juice and milk as the main materials were fermented by Lactobacillus to give a low-sugar healthcare yoghurt.The optimum formula and technological conditions of fermentation were determined through experiments,from the view of the stabilization and sensory quality of the product.The results showed that 30% pumpkin juice and 0.35% aspartame were added to fresh milk and fermented with 4% mixed fermenting agent(Streptococcus thermophilus:Lactobacillus bulgaricus = 1:1) at 42℃ for 5 h to obtain a product with good flavour and high nutrition.


Several strategies for establishing a land surface emissivity scheme for AMSU have been tested at the Met Office in recent years. The initial approach involved the use of an atlas to give a first guess estimate of emissivity, and a subsequent test involved retrieving inputs to the FASTEM emissivity parameterization (Hewison and English, 1999) as part of a 1D-Var retrieval. Neither of these approaches were particularly successful, producing little benefit in observed minus background (O-B) quantities, and the latter being hampered by poor convergence rates. A new approach is under development to use Weng and Yan's (2003) microwave snow emissivity model to provide a first guess emissivity where appropriate and to retrieve emissivities directly in the 1D-Var. The reduced O-B values from this scheme are a promising step.


Land use map in Chang- Zhu- Tan region was obtained from remote images in 2000, 2005 and2010. Spatial evolution characteristics of settlements in Chang- Zhu- Tan and their impact factors were analyzed from the perspectives of landscape index, horizontal space and the vertical space, with the support of Arc GIS10.0 Fragstats4.0 software. Methods involved were landscape index method and spatial analysis.The spatial relationship between the settlement and arable land was also investigated from three aspects such as space combination, space shift and space distance. The results showed that: the area, number and distribution density of the settlements in Chang- Zhu- Tan region, which were mainly located in the area below200 m,was enlarging faster than before. The distribution density of urban settlements is small and their shape are in good orders,while the distribution density of the rural is higher but with disorderly structures.The natural trend of settlement spatial evolution is to lowland plains, whose social factors are population changes. We also put forward a concept in the paper, area ratio index(K) of land to settlements. According to the K value, the spatial combination of the arable land and settlements can be classified into three kinds: areas with a shortage of arable land resource, areas with co-ordination of supply and demand in arable land resource and areas with surplus in arable land resource. The space- transfer relationship between settlements and arable land could be divided into two types: areas without changes and areas with dynamic changes. The changes from arable land into settlements were obviously observed in regions around Changsha city. The faster the urbanization is, the farther the distance between the critical point and settlements is.


Mahseers, at one time considered to be of single species, are now represented by six valid species distributed all over India. Unfortunately, their catches have considerably dwindled due to illegal methods of fishing and habitat deterioration. Studies on their fciod habits, ecology of spawning grounds, eggs, larval development and especially methods of artificial propagation have fairly advanced in recent years. Transport of eggs of Tor khudree by air in moist cotton has been possible for easy distribution. Breeding of T. khudree not only by hypophysation, l:>ut even without it. in small ponds by manipulation of flow of water, exercise and feed has also been practicable. Fry and fingerlings of T. khudree is being distributed to many of the states in the country as a measure of rehabilitation and conservation


Rapid development of information network technology is breaking boundaries among departments or organizations. It is changing people's ideology, work pattern, management mode, organization structure, process flow, information communication means, and so on. On the base of above-mentioned changes, this paper analyzes the problems facing college financial information system, and puts forward some suggestions as to its development and improvement.


Abstract : This study surveyed and mapped the plant communities at Lake Aquilla, Hill County, Texas. The condition of the communities and their potential for future applications of selected restorative practices were also evaluated. Emphasis was placed on locating potential Texas Blackland prairie remnants, shrublands that may support the federally threatened Black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla Woodhouse), and oak-juniper woodlands that may support the federally endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia P. L. Sclater and Salvin). Data was collected using a combination of plots and transects. All vascular plant species were recorded, as well as their abundance and growth form. Plant community classifications were adapted from those developed by the National Vegetation Classification System for the state of Texas.Two-hundred and twenty-seven species of vascular plants were recorded from 27 sample locations. Remnant patches of Texas Blackland prairie degraded by fire suppression and previous land use practices were identified in the survey area. Shrublands suitable for the black-capped vireo, and oak-juniper woodlands suitable for the golden-cheeked warbler were not detected in the survey area. Restorative practices that include management of undesirable woody vegetation and application of pre-scribed fire were recommended for the grasslands, and oak woodlands and forests at Lake Aquilla.


Indian Tie and Dye is the oldest craft tradition initiated before five hundred years ago and is even practiced today. This craft is flourishing with Gujarat and Rajasthan as chief production centers. The paper focuses present status and constraints faced by tie and dye craftsmen of Mewar region of Rajasthan. Study sample consist of craftsmen, who prepare the traditional headgear through tie and dye. Forty five (45) craftsmen from Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Bhilwara city of Mewar Region of Rajasthan were selected by snow-ball sampling method. Structured interview schedule was developed and administered for collecting the data. Study result indicates present scenario of tie and dye craft, production, pattern, design, motifs, finishing, material needed and constraints faced by craftsmen by calculating frequency and percentage.


Adoption has been used as a means of separating genetic and environmental factors in the transmission of schizophrenia among family members. In the study reported here, a significantly higher than usual prevalence of schizophrenia-related illness was found among the biological relatives of adopted schizophrenics, but not among their adoptive relatives. The findings support a genetic transmission of vulnerability to schizophrenia, but also imply the requirement of nongenetic, environmental factors for the development of clinical schizophrenic illness.


PurposeThis paper aims to re-examine the nature, aim and scope of internal market orientation (IMO) and introduce it as a value creation mechanism for the firm's internal market. A service-dominant logic (SDL)-based perspective of the IMO notion is advanced, and the key steps and phases for value creation in the internal market are outlined.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper bridges the IM discourse with the SDL literature, and the latter's implications for internal marketing theory and practice are discussed.FindingsDrawing on the premises of the SDL, IMO re-surfaces as an interconnected operant resource that can be enacted through performing three sets of activities central in the value creation process for internal stakeholders (i.e. value-identifying, value-generating and value-enhancing activities). These groups of relevant value-enabling activities required for IMO enactment are extensively discussed and their role in the value creation process is scrutinized.Originality/valueThis conceptual paper aspires to provide a managerially relevant understanding of value creation in the firm's internal market. An SDL-driven understanding of IMO is advanced setting it as a value creation mechanism appealing to a wider range of organizations.


A quantitative and qualitative comparison of chironomid midge production was made between a portion of a residential-recreational lake kept free of aquatic macrophytes and a portion containing dense stands of aquatic weeds. Throughout this investigation, midge larval density and adult emergence were greater in the weed-free portions of the lake, with Tanytarsus spp. most prevalent from April through June. Midge populations in the weedless portions began declining in July and continued to do so through October, Possibly due to predation by Procladius , the predominant midge during this time. Midge production in the weed-infested parts of the lake was lower and it showed more diversity than the vegetation-free portions. The low production of midges may have been due to the macrophytes acting as a physical barrier or elaborating biologically active chemicals, thus interfering with midge survival and development of some species and not of others.


Like many African countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo is characterised by linguistic diversity, with approximately 220 languages spoken within the country. Congolese Swahili is one of the five national languages, together with Kongo, Lingala, Tshilaba and French. The majority of Congolese diaspora in Australia have entered as refugees through the International Humanitarian Settlement Scheme or family reunion and their linguistic repertoire has been further affected by their refugee journey. The multilingualism of Congolese individuals and communities has created challenges for language services in Australia. The demand for translation and interpreting services for Swahili has rapidly increased due to it being one of the fastest growing languages in Australia, spoken mainly by migrants and refugees from East and Central Africa. Yet Swahili has a number of variants, with Standard Swahili (of the United Republic of Tanzania) often the variant used by Australian interpreters, but not necessarily understood by speakers of Congolese Swahili. This presentation provides a socio-linguistic profile of Congolese in Australia by reviewing relevant literature and by statistical analysis of data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 census and the Settlement Reporting Facility of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. It is expected that this community linguistic profile will increase understanding of the tensions faced by the Congolese diaspora and the language services seeking to meet their needs. The case of the Congolese diaspora in Australia shows how the ethnic, educational background and linguistic diversity of migrating communities have implications for language services.


Nanosecond transient absorption experiments were performed using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) home built from Alneelain University Laser department (Sudan –Khartoum) with a Q-switched Nitrogen laser with a 337 nm output wavelength, 10 ns pulse width, 1 Hz repetition rate, and 40 mJ pulse energy. The optical detection is based on a pulsed Xenon arc lamp (75 W), spectra were recorded by Ocean Optics spectrometer and used origin 9 software to analysis data. Blood sample Laser flash photolysis experiments were performed with a 1 cm quartz flow cell mounted on a home-built sample holder that is placed at the cross-section of the laser incident beam and the probe flash lamp.  The experiment was get the absorbance spectrum and drawing the energy level diagram of blood sample in three excited states, first excited state Start absorption band at 591 nm and end absorption band at 558 nm, second excited state Start absorption band at 562 nm and end absorption band at 517 nm and the last excited state Start absorption band at 463 nm and end absorption band at 390 nm.


The progress of electric vehicles is highly inhibited by the limited energy density and growth of dendrite Li in current power batteries. Breakthroughs and improvements in electrolyte chemistry are highlighted to directly address the above issues, namely, the development of electrolytes with a high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+), enabling one to effectively restrict the concentration polarization during repetitious cycling. Herein, we propose a novel ether-based copolymer-based gel polymer electrolyte (ECP-based GPE) by in situ copolymerization as an intriguing strategy to achieve a high tLi+ of ∼0.64. Molecular dynamics simulations and finite element method analyses illustrate the enhanced Li+ diffusion process (DLi+, ∼1.76 × 10-10 m2 s-1) in ECP-based GPE with a homogeneous electric potential accommodated around the lithium metal anode. Therefore, such a high-tLi+-based electrolyte renders a high reversibility of dendrite-free lithium plating/stripping at a high areal capacity (5 mA cm-2/5 mA h cm-2) in an Li||Li symmetric cell and facilitates superior cycling performances (over 1000 cycles) at a high rate (5 C) with a capacity retention of ∼91.1% in Li||LiFePO4 batteries, promoting the practical application of solid-state lithium metal batteries.


The 2017 Italian National Energy Strategy has set ambitious targets for the production of electricity from renewable sources, envisaging reaching a 28% share of renewables in the entire energy consumption and a 55% share of renewables in electricity consumption by 2030. In Sardinia, the achievement of these goals will cause a remarkable increase in the penetration of generation from renewable energy sources compared with the current situation. Thus, investments in new transmission facilities will be necessary to increase the network power capacity of the connections with the mainland. This paper investigates the impact of renewable generation growth on the local transmission system and the current and future HVDC interconnections with the Italian peninsula. In particular, the scenario expected for 2030 is outlined by considering various options for the modernization and expansion of the Sardinian electricity system to meet the challenges of the renewable energy transition.


A new species of skink in the genus Caledoniscincus is described from the northwest region of New Caledonia. It is knownfrom two locations, one on the coast at Pointe de Vavouto north of Kone, the other on the slopes of the Massif d'Oua-zangou, an isolated mountain 30 km to the north. Typical of all members of the genus, adult males and females of the newspecies are sexually dichromatic. The new species, Caledoniscincus constellatus sp. nov., has a bold, white midlateralstripe, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric C. hap- lorhinus (Gunther) and C. austrocaledonicus (Bavay), from which it can be distinguished by a unique pattern of contactbetween the pale midlateral stripe and the ear. DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies a high levelof genetic differentiation between the new species and all other Caledoniscincus, further supporting its distinctiveness asan independent evolutionary lineage. The species is of high conservation concern given its restricted distribution in a re-gion that has been, and will continue to be, heavily impacted by human occupation, and would be ranked as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria.


ABSTRACT The relationship between business organizations and the sovereign agencies that regulate them is being redefined domestically and abroad. In the context of corporate enforcement proceedings, a critical challenge is how to achieve, most effectively, the time-honored public sector objectives of punishment, deterrence, financial restitution and rehabilitation. At issue are important policy considerations and at stake are the integrity and security of the commercial marketplace. The public sector increasingly must balance the pressures of limited resources against the need to ensure that corporate citizens behave not only lawfully, but ethically and responsibly. One solution that has been adopted is the imposition of independent, private sector oversight on companies and firms that have been the targets or subjects of investigations. While its success to date has varied, this evolving joint venture model is undeniably viable and it will become even more appealing to enforcement officials in this global era of fiscal restraint. Answering to a Higher Authority addresses the evolution of private sector oversight and its implementation domestically and in capitalist nations abroad. With equal importance, this Article explores various policy considerations and offers refinements and solutions to all constituencies related to the selection, retention and deployment of independent consultants and monitors. INTRODUCTION The relationship between corporations, private sector creatures of common and statutory law, and the sovereign entities that regulate them has long been a complex one. Indeed, in the United States, and in many other countries, it is continuously redefined. The enforcement dimension of corporate regulation has been especially challenging, and American officials and their Canadian and European counterparts have undertaken to develop legal theories and principles for assessing and addressing alleged organizational misconduct. Perhaps even more vexing in the corporate context has been the ongoing effort to carry out, in both criminal and quasi-criminal proceedings, the undeniably legitimate and time-honored public sector responsibility for punishment, deterrence, financial restitution and rehabilitation. This is especially difficult because the very nature of a corporation requires approaches that are different from those adopted in cases involving malfeasance by individuals. This Article focuses on the imposition of independent private sector oversight of corporate operations as a means of ensuring that an enterprise acts as a responsible citizen. This Article also addresses the deterrent effects these resolution mechanisms have on corporations, as they are, in a sense, punitive in nature due to their attendant costs, risks and stigma. Scholars, the judiciary, legislators, enforcement officials, legal practitioners, and corporate directors and executives have analyzed exhaustively the causes of corporate wrongdoing.2 Typically, corporate wrongdoing arises from a confluence of some or all of the following: inadequate governance; greed; deluded or otherwise impaired judgment or even psychotic behavior in the C-suite; an institutional culture that is founded on and driven by problematic values; the pressures generated by what now appears to be a perpetual capitalist cycle of "boom and bust"; byzantine and often inconsistent regulations and administrative rules; and inept or lax enforcement thereof. Consequently, the rehabilitation of a firm that has run amok ethically and/or legally is a decidedly different, and more arduous, undertaking than that crafted for an individual, even an egregious recidivist.3 Not surprisingly, over the past several decades, regulators and enforcement officials have come to understand that when more than isolated misbehavior by lower or mid-level rogue employees is involved, the rehabilitation of a business organization takes considerable time and substantial resources, is fragile during its initial phases and can only be confirmed through a sustained period of holistic and impartial oversight. …


An insulate to metal transition was investigated based on the measurements of the dependence of the conductivity, activation energy on the protonation state of polyaniline (PANI). An isotropy in conductivity for stretched salt form of PANI was observed.For salt film of PANI, the Ⅰ-Ⅴcurve obeys Ohm's law, which shows a typical metal behavior, however, for base film or film with low protonation state, it can be explained by Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC). It is also found that the Ⅰ-Ⅴcurve of base film of PANI is independent of the work function of electrodes and the polymerization temperature.


Black bean, red bean and mung bean were mixed in different ratios to obtain a product with optimal flavor by using sensory evaluation. Then spray drying technology was used to produce beans milk powder with the entering and leaving temperature and milk soluble solid content as single factors under-investigating. The technology was optimized with orthogonal experiments with the solubility of beans milk powder as the response index. The results showed that the ratio of black bean:red bean:mung bean=6:1:2 could give the best flavor to the beans milk. And in spray drying process, the factors which influenced the solubility of the product sequenced in the following order: the entering temperaturethe leaving temperaturemilk solid content; and the optimal portfolio composed of the leaving temperature 60 ℃, the entering temperature 140 ℃, and the soluble solid content of milk 10 °Bx.


The investigation on the study of influence of the neu-rohumoral regulator epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Glu) on the state of stomach mucous indexes of immunity, hemostasis during the experimental thermic trauma of rats was held. Tetrapeptide was used in the dozens of 5 mcg/kg and 15 mcg/kg once a day for 5 days. It was determined, that epithalon can confine the stress injury of stomach mucous, provides immunostimulative effect, makes for the positive dynamics of the coagulogram's index. The effects are expressed in greater degree with increasing of the dozen of the preparation.


The cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential, which is expressed in terms of the Jacobian function dn, is used to model a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in an optical lattice (in most cases, the dn potential is very close to the ordinary sinusoidal one). The quintic term in the equation represents either effects of three-body collisions (which is relevant in the case when the ordinary two-body collisions are very weak), or an effective deviation of the trapped condensate from the one-dimensionality. The cases of both repulsive and attractive two-body interactions are considered. The same model governs the planar propagation of light in waveguides with the cubic–quintic optical nonlinearity, the periodic potential being induced by transverse modulation of the refractive index. In the case of the attractive quintic term (which is always the case if it accounts for the residual non-one-dimensionality of the tightly trapped condensate), a new family of exact periodic solutions is constructed in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions. Using semi-analytical and numerical methods, a stability region for these periodic states is identified. The effect of boundaries is shown to be very weak. E Kengne dedicates this work to Taa Bah Deffo Takotue Innocent, the Chairman of the Bandjoun Community in Douala (Cameroon).


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the physical growth features of preterms infants at early childhood and to evaluate the perinatal and postnatal risk factors that affect growth. Method: Somatic growth features including weight, height, and target height, of moderate-late and early preterm infants followed-up in our unit were evaluated at a mean age of 42 months. The effects of intrauterine growth characteristics (IUGC) on current growth as well as the effects of perinatal and early neonatal problems were investigated. Results: A total of 232 moderate-late preterm infants (Group I) (mean gestational age [GA]: 34.9±1.2 weeks) and 112 early preterms (Group II) (mean GA: 29.9±1.6 weeks) were evaluated. The ratio of retardation in height was 2.6 % and 6.3% in Group I and Group II, respectively. The rate of failure in achieving the target height was higher in Group II (3.9% vs 8%). Growth differences in terms of height and weight were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), hydrocephalus and invasive mechanical ventilation requirements negatively affected the growth in height and reaching the target height (p<0.05). Conclusion: The moderate-late and early preterm infants had similar growth features in terms of weight, height, and target height when evaluated at 42 months of age


The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry equipment, in particular to an automatic feeding trough, which is particularly suitable for being used for feeding pigs. The automatic feeding trough is realized through the following technical scheme that the automatic feeding trough comprises a feed trough, a feed barrel and a pulling rod structure, wherein the feed barrel is positioned above the feed trough and is provided with a feed outlet, the pulling rod structure is used for realizing the automatic feeding and comprises a rotating shaft, a rotating arm and a driving rod,the rotating arm is arranged on the rotating shaft, is near the feed outlet and outwards extends along the middle of the feed outlet, and the driving rod is arranged on the rotating shaft and is usedfor driving the rotating arm to rotate through the rotating shaft. The automatic feeding trough has the advantages that the baiting is uniform and smooth, and in addition, the blockage cannot easily occur.


Al/(SiCw+Al2O3p) composite was a blend of fine aluminum powder serving as a matrix while Silicon Carbid whiskers (SiCw) and Alumina (Al2O3p) as a reinforcement. Powder metallurgy was used for the manufacture of composites according to the shape of the test specimen. Parameter testing was conducted with varied sintering holding time of 1 h, 3 h and 6 h at a sintering temperature of 500°C and 600°C. This study was conducted to know hardness properties, density, porosity and SEM analysis. The results show that the sintering process which has been conducted affects the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. Increased hardness and density occur due to the stronger or more dense interface bonding between matrix and reinforcement which are affected by the increase in the holding time and sintering temprature, where the highest is at 6 hours with 600°C, while the porosity decreases inversely proportional to the density and the hardness that occur in composite materials.


STM topographical images of C 60 are reported. The images are consistent with a molecule approximately 9 A in diameter possessing the now-famous soccer ball structure. With the molecule deposited on gold, its atomic structure is not resolved. On graphite the structure of the within the borders of the C 60 molecule is dominated by that of the graphite forming a moire-like pattern. Some evidence of atomic structure is seen in multilayers of C 60 where some five- and six-membered rings are visible. These may, however, be features of fragments of the fullerene rather than whole molecules.


The retail food industry is meeting current food distribution needs of the suburbs. It is now being challenged to meet inner city residents food needs.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Smith, Philip John, "Introducing the secondary student to sculptural design and form in metal : welding sheet steel using the oxyacetylene torch" (1979). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2893.


Glioblastoma (GBM), a Grade IV tumor, is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, and remains resistant to current treatments. It has been proposed that this resistance is due, in part, to the extensive genomic and functional heterogeneity of these tumors. A recently developed organoid culture system was used to investigate this heterogeneity. Organoids are a form of three-dimensional ex vivo culture, and are able to mimic many aspects of organs or more complex in vivo structures. This study used organoids grown from GBM cell lines to understand how cellular organization and oncogenic signaling correlate in response to stimuli. The organoids were stained for p-S6, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB after acute stimulation and fixation. Phospho-protein activation was found to be higher at the edges of organoids, suggesting that visualizing such areas can ultimately help formulate effective therapeutic strategies. Targeting cells at the edge of a tumor may also help prevent further cancerous invasion into the surrounding healthy brain tissue.


other words, whether EAL readers train their lenses on primary texts of the period or seek analyses of secondary works of criticism on the colonial era's major works and authors, E Pluribus Unum's portrait of legal developments is a compelling companion to a more robust understanding of this formative period. It must be said that this book is not for everyone, though, as the challenge presented is a considerable one. For all his graceful prose, Nelson marshals here such a wealth of knowledge that few readers would be able to unpack it all without recourse to supporting texts or supplementary materials. To be one of his students, then, may well require a few prerequisite courses before tackling Nelson's E Pluribus Unum. Absent those courses, a good law dictionary close at hand will be a boon for anyone up to the challenge.


Obesity, often assessed at one point in time, is an established risk factor of several types of cancer, however, associations with cumulative exposure to obesity across the life course are not well understood. We investigated the relationship between combined measures of duration and intensity of premenopausal overweight and obesity and the incidence of postmenopausal breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancers in Icelandic women. Body mass index (BMI) trajectories between ages 20 and 50 of 88,809 women from the Cancer Detection Clinic Cohort were predicted using growth curve models. Indicators of overweight and obesity duration and intensity were computed and their association with risk of postmenopausal breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancers was examined using multivariate Cox models for subjects followed‐up beyond the age of 50 (n = 67,488). During a mean follow‐up of 17 years, incident events of 3,016 postmenopausal breast, 410 endometrial and 987 colorectal cancers were ascertained. Each 0.1 kg/m2 per year increase in BMI between ages 20 and 50 was positively associated with risks of postmenopausal breast, endometrium and colorectal cancers with hazard ratios equal to 1.09 (95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.04–1.13), 1.31 (95% CI: 1.18–1.44) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00–1.21), respectively. Compared to women who were never obese, cumulative BMI × years of obesity were linearly positively associated with risk of endometrial cancer, whereas the association with breast cancer was initially positive, but leveled off with increasing cumulative BMI × years. Cumulative exposure to obesity may provide additional insights into the etiology of cancer and should be considered in future studies that assess obesity–cancer relationships.


The status of flower new varieties protection in China was introduced,some noticeable problems were pointed out,and the countermeasures were put forward.


Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) is considered as one of the most promising ultra‐high temperature materials for the applications in extreme environments. However, the difficulty in fabrication of ZrB2 limits its industrial applications. In this study, fully dense and grain‐refined ZrB2 is prepared under ultra‐high pressure of 15 GPa at low temperature of 1450 °C. The as‐prepared ZrB2 exhibits excellent mechanical and oxidation‐resistant properties. Compared with raw powder, the grain size decreases 56%. Compared with high‐temperature sintered control specimen beyond 2000 °C, the hardness and fracture toughness increase about 46% and 69%, respectively, the dislocation density increase 3 orders of magnitude, while the grain size considerably decrease 96%. According to work hardening, Hall–Petch and Taylor dislocation hardening effects, the refined grains, substructures, and high dislocation density caused by plastic deformation during sintering can enhance the mechanical properties. The unique structure contributes to a threshold oxidation temperature increase of ≈250 °C relative to the high‐temperature sintered ZrB2, achieving one of the highest values (1100 °C) among the reported monolithic ultra‐high temperature ceramics. A developed densification mechanism of dislocation multiplication with grain refining is proposed and proved to dominate the sintering, which is responsible for simultaneous improvements in mechanical and oxidation‐resistant properties.


Previous research on failures of steel bridges due to cyclic loading have been examined and studied. The most common reasons for bridge failures are due to force majeure, accidental overload and impact, structural and design deficiencies, construction and supervision mistakes, as well as lack of inspection, maintenance and repairing. Furthermore, fatigue failure is another main cause of bridge collapse. Previous experimental determinations of Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs) on empty tube-to-tube T-joints have been investigated. This investigation resulted in the development of design guidelines for fatigue of empty CHS uniplanar and multiplanar joints. However, little research has been carried out on the determination of the SCFs of T-joints with concrete-filled chords. The aim of this paper is to highlight the research gaps for future research in order to reduce failures of steel bridges under cyclic loading.


SCOPE
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Apostichopus japonicus oligopeptide (AJOP) on hyperuricemia, demonstrate the modulation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota, and clarify the underlying microbiota-dependent mechanism.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Hyperuricemic mice treated with AJOP and subjected to corresponding fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were used to observe the beneficial effects of AJOP and microbiota. Gene transcriptions was measured using qRT-PCR. The GIT (stomach, colon, cecum and feces) microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and the short chain fatty acids were detected using GC-MS. Dietary administration of AJOP significantly alleviated hyperuricemia, regulated uric acid metabolism, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB-related signaling pathway, and restored m6A methylation levels. In addition, substantial heterogeneity was observed in GIT microbiota. Furthermore, FMT effectively alleviated hyperuricemia in mice by selectively regulating the corresponding pathways associated with AJOP treatment, indicating that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of AJOP was partly microbiota-dependent.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that AJOP exerts a protective effect on hyperuricemic mice by regulating uric acid metabolism, resulting in substantial heterogeneity among the GIT microbiota, thus mediating the beneficial effects in a microbiota-dependent manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The primary goal of the virtual statistics lab is to improve a student's intuitive understanding of random phenomena and how statistical methods aid in interpreting them. This is being implemented using interactive statistical games designed around historical problems in probability and statistics.

This paper describes the rationale, design and implementation of this on line statistics laboratory. Through experimentation and testing, it was decided that the best environment for implementing this online lab was through the use of java applets and server-side java servlets. Servlets are used to maintain a history of student interactions with the system and to stimulate student interest.


Resonant behavior in the frequency dependent responsivity of a high electron mobility transistor based plasma wave detector from 0.1to6GHz is clearly demonstrated at T=0.3to4K. By independently determining the frequency dependent power coupling, the authors are able to measure the absolute responsivity of the device. Clear peaks in the responsivity are observed at 2.0 and 4.4GHz. At elevated temperatures up to 20K, the resonant behavior vanishes due to increased phonon scattering. Taken collectively these experiments provide strong evidence that plasma wave rectification is the dominant mechanism of device response.


This article describes the investigations carried out in eastern France to relate night accidents to public lighting: systematic recording of accidents which occurred between 1969 and 1973 on three sections of road - measurement of the increase in the number of accidents - study of traffic at night along those three sections. Results show very clearly that lighting is one of the most important safety factors. On the sections with public lighting devices, a marked decrease in the percentage of accidents was recorded. /TRRL/


Summary: Samples of plasma or serum from 53 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, 90 relatives of CF patients, and 159 controls have been incubated with porcine or bovine 125I-trypsin, electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel, and autoradiographed. In these individuals, the main binding protein for 125I-trypsin has been shown to be α2-macroglobulin (α2M). Using this method of analysis, no difference in electrophoretic migration of 125I-trypsin-α2M complexes has been observed between CF and control individuals. However, trypsin binding to IgG has been observed in 80% of CF patients, 30% of their mothers, 3% of controls, and in two patients affected with pancreatitis. These trypsin binding immunoglobulins are called Tblg, and specifically, TblgG when referring to the G class.Experimental evidence indicates that binding of trypsin to IgG occurs through the Fab portion of the molecule. TblgG must be antibodies most probably induced by the exogenous trypsin ingested daily by most CF patients (and by patients affected with chronic pancreatitis).Antibodies against porcine pancreatic elastase have been observed using the same analysis, but not as frequently as Tblg.Speculation: Antibodies against trypsin are known to have an inhibitory capacity on its enzymatic activity: is Tblg responsible, at least in part, for the decrease in arginine esterase activity observed by some authors in plasma of CF patients and of some heterozygotes?The presence of TblgG in CF patients raises again the interesting question of an autoimmune process in CF, directed not only against structural pancreatic proteins but also against human pancreatic enzymes.


The dyeing behavior of poly(acrylonitrile-CO-haloalkyl acrylate/methacrylate) fibers was studied using three basic dyes and two disperse dyes. The diffusion coefficient values for the dyes were calculated from Hill's equation and related to the difference in molecular size of the dye molecules. The equilibrium dye uptake values were greater for copolymeric fibers and increased further with increased comonomer concentration. The increase in dye uptake was attributed to the loose packing of polymeric chains in copolymers and hence more free volume, a low glass transition temperature, free segmental mobility, and a greater number of accessible dye sites. The Arrhenius relation was used to relate the change in the apparent diffusion coefficient with absolute temperature, and the activation energy of dyeing was low for copolymers. Light fastness and wash fastness of the dyed fibers are also reported.


Welfare states in many advanced industrial countries are in transition as countries strive to cope with many important policy trends and developments: scarce public and private resources; increasing demand for an array of community services; and higher expectations for consumer and user choice in services and providers. As part of their response to these trends, governments have adopted a variety of policies and practices associated with the New Public Management (NPM) which emphasized market-oriented strategies to improve public services (Hood 1991). Over time, NPM and its ripple effects are transforming nonprofit human service agencies' place in the social safety net and their relationship to users and their broader community. Nonprofit human service agencies are now coping with greater competition for resources, at the same time as governments, citizens, private foundations, and individual donors are expecting higher levels of performance and accountability from nonprofit organizations. Funders are now exhorted to be "investors" and to expect positive results and measurable impact. Government funders have also shifted toward performance-based contracts and "pay-for-success" funding models with reimbursement tied to attaining specific outcomes (Phillips and Smith 2011; Phillips and Smith 2014; Mosley and Smith 2018). More transparency in operating nonprofit human service agencies will also be expected due to the embrace of NPM principles. Relatedly, emphasizing performance in the context of fiscal scarcity among public and private funders will abet prioritization of services that will lead funders to move away from lowpriority services including services whose outcomes are vague or elusive. "Hard" services such as child protective services will be prioritized over "soft" services such as counseling or advocacy (Smith and Phillips 2016). These trends can also promote movement toward larger agencies with diversified revenue sources, sufficient infrastructure and capacity, and influential political and community connections. Yet, the push for innovative program models and more effective solutions to social problems will also ensure that new agencies will continue to form and seek public and private resources, although many will struggle with developing sustainable business models.


This study aims to determine the vegetative growth of robusta coffee seedlings applied with bokashi and urea fertilizers. This research was conducted in Manggalung Village, Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from November 2020 to April 2021. This study was designed with a two-factor factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of bokashi fertilizer (b) 3 levels: 0g (b0), 100 g (b1), and 150 g (b2) and the second factor is the dose of Urea (u): 0 g u0), 10 g (u1), and 15 g (u2). All data obtained in the study were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of accuracy (0.1 and 0.5).
The results showed that with a dosage of 150 g / plant boca gave much better results and showed a very significant difference in plant height growth and number of leaves after the least significant difference (0.1%). Meanwhile, with the same dose of boca, namely 150 g (b2), it gave a good response to the increase in stem diameter. Therefore, the use of Boca fertilizer at a dose of 150 g gives good results on the vegetative growth of Robusta coffee seedlings.