The number and the mean price of lathes manufactured in China are, respectively, large and low. However, the reliability of these lathes is comparatively lower to lathes manufactured in some countries. To overcome this major drawback, the reliability optimization design for the failure due to the overlarge static deformation of the computer numerical control lathe spindle is presented here. First, the static deformation of the spindle front end is formulated. This deformation results from the pre-tightening force acting on the front cylindrical roller bearing and the cutting force applied to the spindle front end. In the next step, the corresponding reliability is modeled and estimated. An expression for sensitivity calculation is determined. Subsequently, the reliability optimization method is proposed and is illustrated using a numerical example. The results show that the reliability corresponding to the stochastic static deformation of the computer numerical control lathe spindle was improved, and the reliability robustness increased significantly using the proposed method.


What is the central question of this study? Non‐invasive muscle function tests have not been validated for use in the study of muscle performance in high‐fat‐fed mice. What is the main finding and its importance? This study shows that grip strength, hang wire and four‐limb hanging tests are able to discriminate the muscle performance between chow‐fed and high‐fat‐fed mice at different time points, with grip strength being reliable after 5, 10 and 20 weeks of dietary intervention.


Currently, technology influences cultural and artistic values in societies more than ever. Its development also depends on its adaptation to cultural and social circumstances. The possibility of publishing cultural and artistic works on electronic networks for an indefinite period, while creating a special attitude, has altered the social identity of human beings and has formed a new cultural atmosphere; to the extent that in all societies, both Islamic and non-Islamic, the linking between modern culture, art and technology with the help of new media has created new meanings for concepts such as freedom, verity and reality. The topic here is to explain the social impact of technology on Islamic art and its nature in the modern era. This article applies a descriptive-analytical method to examine the social effects of technology on culture particularly Islamic art in the present era from the perspective of the Frankfurt School. The findings of the research indicate that although it continuously appears that Islamic culture and art should be considered from the perspective of the spiritual world of Islam; nonetheless in the global village of the contemporary era, where technology has shifted to social change in all societies, it has become a stimulus for cultural innovation; hence, a new approach is desirable in the field of Islamic art. Conversely, basically in Islamic culture, the mystical and intuitive view of the artist on the phenomena of the world has led to the formation of art, which narrates the beauty of the exhibition of the manifestation of the divine essence in the terrestrial world with a dissimilar nature from the definition of art in the modern world. Thus, technology as the main force for creating social organization in all societies and the transformation of social and cultural relations is one of the main concerns of the followers of critical theory.


This article investigates translation changes in the English translation of Korean presidential speeches, especially the New Year's addresses made during the course of presidency since 2008 by President Lee Myung-bak. It illustrates internal changes found in the original speeches during the course of presidency in order to discover how internal changes affect the translation corpus such as the use of pronouns and frequent words. It shows that methodology of Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies can be used effectively to reveal changes both in the originals and in the translations in combination of a quantitative with a qualitative analysis. It is found that changes are identified at various levels: omissions, additions, and lexical changes at word level, tense and modal changes at phrase level, and theme-rheme changes at clausal level. In addition, apparent agency by means of the first person pronouns is identified in the translation.


This study was to establish the direction of parents education toward inclusion of preschooler with disabilities. The importance of parents roles, the attitude of parents of preschoolers with disabilities, and the attitude of parents of preschoolers with no disabilities were reviewed by lots of the related literature. Parents roles were shown to be preceded above all. One of the most crucial task for the successful inclusion education was suggested that the perception of preschoolers with no disabilities and their parents should be improved. And parents of preschoolers with disabilities were shown to want their children to be provided in the inclusion settings with special services which to be met their children's unique needs. Conclusively, this study suggested that Individualized Family Service Program should be organized, based on the consideration of the unique needs of each individual with disabililties and his/her family's own circumstances.


AIM To investigate the expression of CD44 in meningiomas,glioblastomas and brain metastases,and its role in metastasis or invasion of these tumors. METHODS Expression of CD44 standard form (CD44s), the variant isoforms containing the domain encoded by variant exon 3 (CD44v3), variant exon 6 (CD44v6) and variant exon 3 to 10 (CD44v3 10) were detected by techniques of immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded tissues from 20 meningiomas, 20 glioblastomas multiforme(GMs), 20 brain metastases and 10 normal brains. RESULTS CD44s was expressed in 15% of meningiomas, 100% of GMs and 90% of brain metastases, and there was a significant difference between the expression of CD44s in meningiomas and that in GMs( P 0 01). The expressions of CD44v3, CD44v6 and CD44v3 10 in brain metastases were 40%, 50% and 75% respectively. None of 20 meningionas and 20 GMs expressed CD44v. There were marked differences between the expressions of CD44v in GMs and those in brain metastases ( P 0 01). None of the 10 normal brain tissues expressed CD44s, CD44v3, CD44v6 and CD44v3 10. CONCLUSION CD44s protein may play an important role in the intracerebral invasive process of GM. CD44v protein may play a role in the intracerebral spread of some of the brain metastases.Therefore,CD44v expression Should be further considered as a potential marker for diagnosis and treatment of patients with brain metastases.


Recently Bortfeld (1982) gave a cursory nonmathematical introduction to a procedure for computing the geometrical spreading factor of a primary zero‐offset reflection from the common datum point traveltime measurements of the event. To underline the significance and consequences of this method, a derivation and discussion of geometrical spreading factors is now given for two‐ and three‐dimensional earth models with curved reflecting boundaries. The spreading factors can be used easily to transform primary reflections in a zero‐offset seismic section to true amplitude reflections. These permit an estimation of interface reflection coefficients, either directly or in connection with a true amplitude migration. A seismic section with true amplitude reflections can be described by one physical experiment: the tuned reflector model. Hence the application of the wave equation (in connection with a migration after stack) is justified on such a seismic section. Also the geometrical spreading factors that are deri...


ECONOMISTS have allocated considerable energies and efforts to the study of the different forms in which resources can be and have been invested by households, by firms, and by governments. There is one form, however, which has escaped their attention, namely, what I will call investment in nationality or ethnicity. It is the object of this paper, first, to show that societies in which political nationalism exists invest resources in nationality or ethnicity; second, that these investments are made because they are profitable; and third, that they are not profitable for everyone in a society but only for specific and identifiable groups. Taken together, the second and third points mean that investments in nationality are not so much income-creating as income-redistributing. At the outset it will be useful to distinguish between cultural and political nationalism and to characterize them briefly by the general sort of behavior to which they give rise. Cultural nationalism is principally limited to such activities as writing poems, songs, novels, and


Cu/TaN multilayer films with different modulation period L were deposited on Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering method.The film surface morphologies were studied by atomic force microscopy(AFM) and fractal dimension theory.The result shows that amorphous TaN sublayer and polycrystalline Cu sublayer were obtained.With increasing the modulation period L,the fractal dimension Df increases.The Df of Cu/TaN multilayer with TaN top layer is less than that of Cu single layer film.The Df of Cu/TaN multilayer with TaN top layer is larger than that of TaN single layer film.The Df of Cu/TaN multilayer with Cu top layer is less than that of Cu single layer film.With increasing L,the Df difference between multilayer films and the single layer films decreases.


We study a dual-product dynamic pricing problem for a remanufacturing system in which a manufacturer makes new and remanufactured products competing for a certain market share. The socially environmental incentives, consisting of consumers' environmentally conscious demand and governments' subsidy on remanufactured products, are considered in this study, which encourage the manufacturer to exert production effort toward environmentally friendly remanufacturing. Three models, namely, two-period, multi-period, and infinite-period scenarios, are formulated to investigate the dynamic pricing problem. Analytical results show that the government's subsidy policies, which provide subsidies to consumers or firms, have equivalent effects for the manufacturer in terms of production and profit. Consumers' environmental consciousness and government subsidy are effective incentives to induce the manufacturer to make more remanufactured products. Some threshold policies are proposed to provide decision supports for manufacturers to formulate pricing and production strategies. By comparing the pricing and production strategies of the three models, we find it interesting that the pricing and production strategies of the multi-period model can be ideally characterised by those of the two-period and infinite-period models. This managerial concept is valuable for manufacturers in formulating pricing and production strategies when the precise production planning horizon is unknown.


Using linear and nonlinear functional transformation and integral differential equation,some explicit exact solutions of a class of nanlinear coupled KdV equations are given concisely.Linear and nonlinear dependence solitary-wave solutions are included in those solutions.


OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to develop reliable data on the probability of specific diagnoses among patients of family physicians (FPs) presenting with common symptoms.

STUDY DESIGN
A group of 54 Dutch FPs recorded the reasons for encounter, diagnoses, and interventions for all episodes of care between 1985 and 1995. Diagnoses could be modified during the episode of care, and a modified diagnosis was applied to all episode data.

POPULATION
We used the listed patient populations of the 54 Dutch FPs, representing 93,297 patient years, 236,027 episodes of care, and 267,897 patient encounters.

OUTCOMES MEASURED
The top 20 diagnoses related to 4 selected presenting symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, general weakness/tiredness, and low back symptom/complaints without radiation), per 100 patients, with 95% confidence intervals, stratified by age. In the standard tables, age-specific cells with fewer than 10 observations were excluded.

RESULTS
The availability of an accurate estimate of prior (pretest) probabilities for common symptoms/complaints has great potential value for family practice as an academic discipline and for family physicians in that it can support their medical decision making. Stratifying data by age groups increases the clinical relevance of the prior probabilities.

CONCLUSIONS
Though collected by Dutch FPs, the data in our study have a high face validity for other clinicians. Still, FPs in other countries should give priority to collecting their own probability databases.


This paper is devoted to the problem of developmental speech disorders among mentally retarded children. The solution of the problem is impossible without the study of all aspects of language and speech development. The psycholinguistic approach was taken as the basis, which, in author's opinion, reveals peculiarities of learning sign-speech system as fundamental. The author of the article briefly characterized the psycholinguistic aspect of language and speech functional system (LSFS) in general and levels of semiotic subsystem in particular. LSFS is the highest sign level of communication and speech skills complex that ensures the formation of language units, learning and the use of conventional set of rules as well as their application in the process of speaking. 69 10.5604/23920092.1159142


The rapid development of plant shop in Indonesia was also exploited by some
people who want to set up shop business of ornamental plants, ranging from a
simple shop or shops that are formal, such as Ornamental Plants stores Aldewis
while the dissemination of information about Ornamental Plants stores Aldewis
felt less because it only uses the media limited print receiving location, on the
grounds that the writer is interested to publish Ornamental Plants stores Aldewis
widely using media computers connected into global networks.


Institutions of higher education face unprecedented challenges in serving their students and greater society Even before the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted research and education globally, colleges and universities had been working for decades to better respond to societal, student, and faculty needs For example, higher education has implemented new educational delivery modes (e g , online learning, hybrid formats, flipped classrooms, experiential opportunities) and research strategies (e g , interdisciplinary research, open science, team science) (Bouwma-Gearhart, 2012;Bouwma-Gearhart, Perry, & Presley, 2012;Franklin & Peat, 2001;Sa, 2008, Vincent-Lancrin, 2006) These challenges are made more difficult by decreasing financial support to universities, at least public ones, which grow ever more dependent on student tuition dollars (Geiger & Heller, 2012) If universities cannot adapt rapidly and effectively, they face the risk of becoming irrelevant or, at least, serving a diminished societal role in the future


COVID 19 has spread uniformly across the planet without distinction of hemispheres, borders, or climates. However, underdeveloped countries lack sufficient means to effectively detect and cope with the pandemic. The catastrophic economic situation forces indefinite quarantines to avoid health collapse. The scarcity of massive detection tests has led health personnel, the general population and their rulers to ignorance of the true epidemiological magnitude of SARS-CoV-2. Method: A computerized bibliographic search was performed using the Google search engine of original and review articles indexed by Scopus and WOS, in the PubMed / Medline and Cochrane databases to identify all relevant manuscripts and preprints, notices from professional societies and comments from Experts published from the start of the current epidemic related to mild COVID 19 symptoms. Tools, massive methods for detecting the disease and their low availability in underdeveloped countries were analyzed. Inexpensive and easily accessible methods for testing for the disease were discussed. Result: According to the indexed publications on the incidence of hypoxemia as a symptom and parameter of the evolution of the disease, oxygen saturation of less than 93% was determined as the limit to consider the patient suspected of COVID 19. In addition, it was determined after the analysis of published studies show an average prevalence of anosmia-hyposmia as a mild symptom in 69% of patients infected with COVID 19. Conclusion: Suspected cases of COVID 19 infection could be detected by the presence of its prevalent signs and symptoms. More studies are needed to standardize and validate the postulated screening tests.


The high resolution absorption and MCD spectra of Ir4+ doped into the cubic host Cs2ZrBr6 are reported over the range ∼ 11 000–20 000 cm−1 at liquid helium temperature and as a function of temperature. This host has not been used previously for optical studies and yields an extraordinarily well resolved Ir4+ spectrum with individual vibronic linewidths in the range ∼ 3–15 cm−1. A study of the detailed vibronic structure of three of the bands including the associated ``hot'' absorption proves very helpful in making definitive assignments. It is shown clearly that the strong bands at ∼ 17 000 and 19 000 cm−1 correspond to the allowed ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer transitions, Eg ′′ (2T2g) → Eu ′′ (2 T2u ) and Eg ′′ (2T2g) → Uu ′ (2 T2u ), and that in each case the extensive fine structure is associated with a single allowed electronic transition. The third band which shows sharp vibronic structure, at ∼ 14 500 cm−1, is very likely the parity‐forbidden charge‐transfer transition Eg ′′ → Eg ′ (2 T1g ) whose...


Nearly one third of U.S. emergency departments have instituted chest pain units (CPUs) in an attempt to reduce costs and improve outcomes. To determine


The current research aims to contribute to the debate on whether China competes with its neighbouring economies for inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Our results indicate that China has not diverted inward FDI from other Asian economies as a whole. If we view FDI inflows in the region as part of systemic globalization strategies adopted by transnational corporations, China may in fact have "crowded in" FDI to the rest of Asia. At the level of individual economies, FDI in China is more likely to have had an FDI creation effect in India and the Philippines, but a diversion effect in Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan Province of China, as value creation activities performed by China in international production networks appear to be more complementary to those undertaken by the former two economies than the latter four economies. These relative positions may evolve as Asian economies develop and upgrade their industries.


An investigation has been conducted of the velocity coupling phenomenon reported in acoustically unstable solid-propellant rocket motors. An innovative simulation facility has been built using solid carbon dioxide as the simulated propellant. Acoustic disturbances are introduced over the dry-ice surface by means of a mechanically driven piston. Experiments have been conducted with dry ice located near both a velocity antinode and a velocity node. Mass flow rate and acoustic pressure measurements indicate the existence of a coupling mechanism, strongly dependent on the acoustic velocity amplitude, between the acoustic disturbance and the dry-ice sublimation process. Flow visualization and hot-film anemometry both show that the flow is turbulent near resonance. Transition to turbulence near a velocity node appears to occur at a smaller critical acoustic velocity amplitude than that near a velocity antinode. Some preturbulent instability has also been observed. Acoustically induced, turbulent forced convection is believed to be responsible for the increase in the sublimation rate of the dry ice (simulated burning of the propellant). Turbulence is believed to be one of the principal mechanisms in the velocity coupling phenomenon. An empirical correlation was developed which appeared to apply to the real propellant cases.


The effects of chronic administration of clorgyline and pargyline on rat brain monoamine metabolism have been examined. The inhibitory selectivity of these drugs towards serotonin deamina‐tion (MAO type A) and phenylethylamine deamination (MAO type B) can be maintained over a 21‐day period by proper selection of low doses of these drugs (0.5‐1.0 mg/kg/24h). The results are consistent with MAO type A catalyzing the deamination of serotonin and norepinephrine and with MAO type B having little effect on these monoamines. Dopamine appears to be dcaminated in vivo principally by MAO type A. Clorgyline administration during a 3‐week period was accompanied by persistent elevations in brain norepinephrine concentrations; serotonin levels were also increased during the first 2 weeks, but returned towards control levels by the third week of treatment. Low doses of pargyline did not increase brain monoamine concentrations, but treatment with higher doses for 3 weeks led to elevations in brain norepinephrine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine; at this time significant MAO‐A inhibition had developed. The changes in monoamine metabolism seen at the end of the chronic clorgyline regimen are not due to alterations in tryptophan hydroxylase activity. At this time tyrosine hydroxylase activity was also unaffected.


This manuscript mainly focuses on the controllability of Hilfer fractional differential system with infinite delay. We study our primary outcomes by employing fractional calculus, measures of noncompactness, and fixed‐point approach. Then, we extend our results to the concept of nonlocal conditions. Lastly, an example is given for illustration of theory.


Abstract This paper presents an optimization and simulation software tool with a graphical user interface to analyze the trade-off between the performance and robustness of PID control systems. The process can be represented by a first- or second-order plus dead-time model and the controller is a PID-type controller with one or two degrees of freedom. From the information of the model, the PID is designed for optimal integrated absolute error (IAE) performance and also it is possible to tune the controller with three different levels of degraded IAE performance, in order to modify the robustness of the system. The tool allows to test different model/controller combinations and it is concluded that degrading the control system performance to increase its robustness has a higher impact over the controller gain than over other of its parameters. The software tool allows to study the relation between control system performance and robustness by undergraduate students of a control system course.


Indirect methods to estimate surface shear stress are commonly used to characterise rough-wall boundary layer flows. The uncertainty is typically large and often insufficient to carry out quantitative analysis, especially for surface roughness where established scaling and similarity laws may not hold. It is, thus, preferable to rely instead on independent measurement techniques to accurately measure skin friction. The floating element was one of the first to be introduced, and still is the most popular for its features. Although its fundamental principle has remained unchanged, different arrangements have been suggested to overcome its inherent limitations. In this paper, we review some of these designs and further present an alternative that is able to correct for extraneous loads into the drag measurement. Its architecture is based on the parallel-shift linkage, and it features custom built force transducers and a data acquisition system designed to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios. The smooth-wall boundary layer flow is used as a benchmark to assess the accuracy of this balance. Values of skin-friction coefficient show an agreement with hot-wire anemometry to within 2% for Re θ = 4 × 10 3 up to 10 4 . A rough surface of staggered distributed cubes with large relative height, δ / h (cid:39) 10, is also investigated. Results indicate the flow reaches the fully rough regime, at the measurement location, for the entire range of Reynolds number. Furthermore, the values of skin friction agree with existing estimations from alternative methods.


This thesis has as main objective to study and evaluate the performance of clustering algorithms considering sequential spatiotemporal data, each time using a different distance/similarity measure in order to highlight its advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, we apply metric distance functions (Euclidean, Manhattan, Chebyshev EuclideanSTARTEND), as well as non-metric distance functions, based either on dynamic time warping (DTW), or on editing distance on real sequence (EDR) or on longest common subsequence (LCSS). Various trajectories transformations (re-sampling, adding noise and point shift) controlled by two parameters, the rate and distance, are applied to real and synthetic trajectory datasets. For each transformation, the clustering of the original data set and the transformed data sets is evaluated depending on the value of the parameter which is not fixed. The results derived from the extensive experimental study are used to assess the validity of clusters obtained by the Optics clustering algorithm and hierarchical clustering via the Ward method, respectively.


Botulinumtoxin A has been proven to be effective and safe in focal hyperhidrosis and hyperkinetic wrinkles. Easy handling and limited adverse side effects allow a broader usage. Nevertheless, there is a need to keep to some basic rules to ensure an optimal therapeutic outcome and a very good safety profile.


This report reviews the current provider payment arrangements and policies of the Philippines, and the extent to which they have contributed to the achievement of the HFS goals. It focuses on the pillars of the HFS that center on provider payment issues, including what is paid for and by whom (pillar 3) and how it is paid for (pillar 4). Because the HFS envisages that pooled sources of health funding, such as payments by the Philippines Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC or PhilHealth) and the government budget, should progressively replace OOP spending as the source of financing for health care, the extent to which this shift has occurred is a recurring theme. In addition, the assessment looks at how the purchasing arrangements improve allocative and technical efficiency, equity, and quality. It takes a sectoral approach to purchasing, looking not only at the purchasing arrangements of PhilHealth, but also purchasing of health services by the DOH and local government units (LGUs). The assessment concludes with concrete recommendations for the next five years and beyond.


CARLQUIST, SHERWIN. (Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, Calif.) Ontogeny and comparative anatomy of thorns of Hawaiian Lobeliaceae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(4): 413-419. Illus. 1962.-Species of Rollandia and Cyanea (sections Uenuinae and Palmaeformes), endemic Hawaiian genera of Lobeliaceae, are unique in the family in possessing thorns and thorn-like structures on leaves, and in some cases, on stems and flowers. These thorns always originate in conjunction with a unicellular, non-glandular trichome which terminates the thorn. Ontogenetic studies show that divisions leading to the formation of the thorn occur in the ground meristem as soon as the trichome is differentiated. Periclinal divisions predominate at first, but anticlinal and diagonal ones are also present at all stages. Thick secondary walls are formed on the trichome and other epidermal cells near the thorn tip. Periderm forms on old thorns of stems. Vascular tissue and laticifers are absent in thorns. Thorns in Cyanea and Rollandia seem best interpreted as snecializations within these -aenera. IN LOBELIACEAE, thorns on leaves, stems or flowers are present in only 2 genera, the Hawaiian endemics Cyanea and R?ollandia (Wimmer, 1956). The writer studied thorns of these species as one phase of an anatomical investigation of Hawaiian Lobeliaceae, the anatomy of which has not been studied previously. In addition, a survey of literature on spines and thorns (e.g., Delbrouck, 1875; Schnee, 1939) reveals a remarkable lack of anatomical studies on thorns of various kinds. A number of papers deal with thorns or spines which are modified leaves, leaf-portions, or branch-tips. The thorns described in the present paper are distinctive in being, basically, unicellular trichomes raised on a conical mound of tissue derived from the ground meristem of stems, leaves, or flowers. Delbrouck (1875) described thorns which resemble those of Lobeliaceae in a number of Boraginaceae, such as Echium vulgare. He also shows that leaf teeth of Pandanus gramineus, Agave americana, and Lomatophyllum macrum possess a terminal trichome early in their ontogeny. The term "thorn" does not have a precise botanical usage. The term "spine" seems to be applied mostly to portions of leaves or to specialized leaves. "Thorn" as used in this paper has a topographical, not a morphological significance. The problem of defining thorns and thorn-like structures in Lobeliaceae is complicated by the fact that every intergrade between a relatively 1 Received for publication October 14, 1961. This investigation was aided by a grant from Claremont University College. 2 Without the assistance of a number of individuals, the materials for this study could not have been collected. Sincere appreciation is expressed to Mr. Edwin Bonsey, of Makawao, Maui; Mr. Norman Carlson, of Kona, Hawaii; Dr. Harold St. John, of Honolulu, Oahu; and Mrs. Ella Stephens of Volcano, Hawaii. The writer wishes also to thank Dr. Joseph F. Rock, authority on Hawaiian Lobeliaceae, for his interest in this study. large thorn and a simple unicellular trichome may be found. Delbrouck (1875) admits.all these intergrades as "Stacheln." For purposes of simplicity, "thorn," as used in Lobeliaceae, refers to a trichome raised upon a conical base formed from ground meristem. Thorns of Lobeliaceae are limited to some species of Rollandia and species of 2 sections of the genus Cyanea. Several species of Rollandia bave no thorns, although some (R. calycina) have small ones. Thorns are especially prominent in Rollandia St. Johnii, but they are comparable in size only to the smaller ones in the thorny species of Cyanea. Species of Clyanea which bear thorns belong to the sections Palmaeformes and Genuinae, as recognized by Hillebrand (1888), Rock (1919) and Wimmer (1956). The most prominent thorns occur in species of Genuinae such as C. ferox, C. Marksii, and C. nolimetangere, although in some of the Palmaeformes, such as C. aculeatiflora and C. hamatiflora, they are almost as conspicuous. In C. Marksii and C. nolimetangere thorns may be a centimeter or more in length. For a detailed survey of thorn distribution in Cyanea, see Rock (1919) or Wimmer (1956). MATERIALS AND METHODS-Materials of Lobeliaceae were collected in the field and preserved in formalin-acetic-alcohol. Voucher specimens were also prepared. Specimens documenting the present study are as follows (herbarium abbreviations according to Lanjouw and Stafleu, 1959): Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock, Carlquist 571 (RSA); C. atra Hillebr., Carlquist 569 (RSA); C. Marksii Rock, Carlquist 593 (RSA); C. tritomantha A. Gray, Carlquist 601 (RSA); Rollandia calycina G. Don, Carlquist 575 (RSA); R. St. Johnii Hosaka, Carlquist H2 (UC). Additional species could have been studied, but sections of thorns in the above reveal the same basic structure and superficial observations on thorns in other species suggested no differences from this pattern.


Extravagant climate in the middle and latter period of Ming Dynasty had differences in areas ,groups and violation in system because of the differences in traditional custom ,economic condition and political control ,ect.


BACKGROUND
Currently there is no specific molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we performed a gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to systematically assess the effects of circulating cytokines on RCC.

METHODS
We have employed cis-quantitative trait loci as instrumental variables for the protein levels and expression of circulating cytokines. We estimated the causal effects of circulating cytokines on RCC risk in males and females with several Mendelian randomization methods.

RESULTS
We observed a significant causal effect of Eotaxin on the increased risk of RCC in males (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.617-4.010, p value = 5.496 × 10-5), but not in females (OR = 1.352, 95% CI = 0.766-2.388, p value = 0.298). Besides, we also identified several cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in males including RANTES, MCP3, PDGFbb, TRAIL, and several other cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in females including sICAM and SCGFb.

CONCLUSION
Our study highlighted that a higher level of circulating Eotaxin is causally associated with an increased risk of RCC in males but not in females. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and its potential application in the prognosis and treatment of RCC.


The inner climate reaches various affects to peoples who lives the most of the day in an indoor. Moreover, according to the indoor thermal environment and amenities, the affect that it is many in the work efficiency is given. So, by using the various technical system in order to maintain the inner climate more agreeable, an air conditioner and ventilation facilities are operated. In the design phase of a building, the CFD analyzing technique is used as the most suitable method in order to predict the cooling and heating energy load distribution of a building. In not only the major construction company and facility design company but also the small scale facility design company, when seeing the reality used with generalization, the necessity of the CFD simulation is more obvious. However, various results coming from CFD analysis method cause not a few errors. Especially, it is judged which plays the important role among the air conditioner have great effect on in the CFD simulation result. But in the preceding research, in most cases are simply modeling like a square or a circular in the CFD modeling. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is try to check difference of characteristics of airflow according to the diffuser type.


Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington's Disease (HD) is controversial. Selective abortion is considered unacceptable by some, since, being a late‐onset disorder, any child born carrying the HD mutation might still expect many years of disease‐free life. The test result itself has implications for the parents and other members of the family who may have decided not to be tested but who know that they may be at risk because a family member is affected. For this reason some potential carriers do not want to know their carrier status and may prefer prenatal exclusion testing. However, since half the fetuses carrying the affected grandparental allele may be normal, aborting these fetuses is also controversial.


This paper presents a process model of the acquisition and operation of early predictive behavior in young children, i.e., children's ability to accurately anticipate recurring sequences of events. The principal question that the model addresses is: how do children acquire predictive behavior from experience? The model presented here, called CEL (Components of Episodic Learning) provides an effective procedure for performing this acquisition process, and has been used as the basis for a prototype computer system running at the UCI Artificial Intelligence Project. The CEL model conforms to the constraints provided by relevant results in psychology and neurobiology; some observed stages of early child learning are explained in terms of the model, and theoretical lesions to specific parts of the model are used to predict particular behavior deficits that correspond well to documented defecits associated with lesions to the hippocampus of human patients.


In this paper we consider the weak viscoelastic wave equation with a delay term in the nonlinear internal feedback utt(x, t)− ∆xu(x, t) + α(t) ∫ t 0 h(t− s)∆xu(x, s)ds+ μ1g1(ut(x, t)) + μ2g2(ut(x, t− τ)) = 0 in a bounded domain, and prove a global existence result which depends on the behavior of both α and h using the energy method combined with the Faedo-Galerkin procedure under a condition between the weight of the delay term in the feedback and the weight of the term without delay. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions using a perturbed energy method.


Abstract : The Final Proceedings for 15th Internal Wroclaw Symposium and Exhibition on EMC, 27 June 2000-30 June 2000. This is an interdisciplinary conference. Subject matter will include all aspects of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) theory and practice as seen in this partial list of topics for planned sessions: EMC on Component and PCB Level; Lightning and ESD; EMC in Communication and Power Systems; Modeling and Simulation Theory and Practice. NATO EMC issues: Military vs Civil EMC Standards - Comparisons and Problems Standard Procedures for Simulation, Prediction and Modeling Antennas and Propagation, Biological Effects of EM Radiation - Technical Aspects, Spectrum Management and Monitoring, EM Hazards and Terrorism, EMC Matters and Satellite-based Systems, Computational EM Technique in Mobile Wireless Communications


The radioactive tracer, C14O2, has been used to measure diffusion coefficients for the systems CO2–CO2 and CO2–N2O in the temperature range −78° to 90°C. The apparatus, which is the Loschmidt type, uses saturation ionization currents as a measure of the extent of diffusion. The characteristics of this type of apparatus have been analyzed in detail to obtain working equations which permit use of experimental measurements at both small and large values of the time.The present results, whose accuracy is estimated at 1.5 percent, agree with those obtained by other investigators using different experimental methods. Although the difference is small, 2.6±0.3 percent, the diffusion coefficient for the system CO2–N2O is consistently larger than that for CO2–CO2 over the entire temperature range.


We report experimental studies of the influence of symmetric dual-loop optical feedback on the RF linewidth and timing jitter of self-mode-locked two-section quantum dash lasers emitting at 1550 nm. Various feedback schemes were investigated and optimum levels determined for narrowest RF linewidth and low timing jitter, for single-loop and symmetric dual-loop feedback. Two symmetric dual-loop configurations, with balanced and unbalanced feedback ratios, were studied. We demonstrate that unbalanced symmetric dual loop feedback, with the inner cavity resonant and fine delay tuning of the outer loop, gives the narrowest RF linewidth and reduced timing jitter over a wide range of delay, unlike single and balanced symmetric dual-loop configurations. This configuration with feedback lengths of 80 and 140 m narrows the RF linewidth by ∼ 4-67x and ∼ 10-100x, respectively, across the widest delay range, compared to free-running. For symmetric dual-loop feedback, the influence of different power split ratios through the feedback loops was determined. Our results show that symmetric dual-loop feedback is markedly more effective than single-loop feedback in reducing RF linewidth and timing jitter, and is much less sensitive to delay phase, making this technique ideal for applications where robustness and alignment tolerance are essential. © 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (140.4050) Mode-locked lasers; (140.3425) Laser stabilization; (270.2500) Fluctuations, relaxations, and noise. References and links 1. V. Vujicic, C. Calò, R. Watts, F. Lelarge, C. Browning, K. Merghem, A. Martinez, A. Ramdane, and L. P. Barry, "Quantum dash mode-locked lasers for data centre applications ," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 21(6), 53–60 (2015). 2. J. P-Cetina, S. Latkowski, R. M-.Basilio, and P. Landais, "Wavelength tunability of all-optical clock-recovery based on quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode under injection of a 40-Gb/s NRZ data stream," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23(9), 531–533 (2011). 3. J. Pfeifle, I. Shkarban, S. Wolf, J. N. Kemal, C. Weimann, W. Hartmann, N. Chimot, S. Joshi, K. Merghem, A. Martinez, M. Weber, A. Ramdane, F. Lelarge, W. Freude, C. Koos, "Coherent terabit communications using a quantum-dash mode-locked laser and self-homodyne detection," in OFC Conference (2015), paper W2A.19. 4. E. Sooudi, C. D. Dios, J. G. McInerney, G. Huyet, F. Lelarge, K. Merghem, R. Rosales, A. Martinez, A. Ramdane, and S. P. Hegarty, "A novel scheme for two-level stabilization of semiconductor mode-locked lasers using simultaneous optical injection and optical feedback"" IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(4), 1101208 (2011). 5. O. Solgaard and K. Y. 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Kim, and H.-K. Sung, "Reduction of spurious tones and phase noise in dual-loop OEO by loop-gain control," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(13), 1391–1393 (2015). 11. F. V. Dijk, A. Enard, X. Buet, F. Lelarge, and G.H. Duan, "Phase noise reduction of a quantum dash mode-locked laser in a millimeter-wave coupled opto-electronic oscillator," J. Lightwave Technol. 26(15), 2789–2794 (2008). Vol. 26, No. 4 | 19 Feb 2018 | OPTICS EXPRESS 4581 #313019 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.004581 Journal © 2018 Received 8 Nov 2017; revised 23 Dec 2017; accepted 24 Dec 2017; published 13 Feb 2018 12. V. F. Olle, A. Wonfor, L. A. M. Sulmoni, P. P. Vasilèv, J.-M. Lamy, J.-F. Carlin, N. Grandjean, R. V. Penty, and I. H. White, "Hybrid and passive mode-locking of a monolithic two-section MQW InGaN/GaN laser diode," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(15), 1514–1516 (2013). 13. E. Sooudi, G. Huyet, J. G. McInerney, F. Lelarge, K. Merghem, R. Rosales, A. Martinez, A. Ramdane, and S. P. Hegarty, "Injection-Locking properties of InAs/InP based mode-locked quantum-dash lasers at 21 GHz," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(20), 1544–1546 (2011). 14. Y. Cheng, X. Luo, J. Song, T.-Y. Liow, G.-Q. Lo, Y. Cao, X. Hu, X. Li, P. H. Lim, and Q. J. Wang, "Passively mode-locked III-V/silicon laser with continuous-wave optical injection," Opt. Express. 23(5), 6392–6399 (2015). 15. F. Quinlan, S. Gee, S. Ozharar, and P. J. Delfyett, "Greater than 20-dB supermode noise suppression and timing jitter reduction via cw injection of a harmonically mode-locked laser," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(16), 1221–1223 (2007). 16. M. Haji, L. Hou, A. E. Kelly, J. Akbar, J. H. Marsh, J. M. Arnold, and C. N. Ironside, "High frequency optoelectronic oscillators based on the optical feedback of semiconductor mode-locked laser diodes," Opt. Express. 20(3), 3268–3274 (2012). 17. W. Wei, H. Asghar, P. Kumar, D. Marah, and J. G. McInerney, "Sub-kHz RF linewidth of quantum-dash mode-locked laser by self-injection from symmetric dual-loop feedback and fiber delay," in CLEO Conference (2016), paper STh4L. 18. O. Nikiforov, L. Jaurigue, L. Drzewietzki, K. Lüdge, and S. Breuer, "Experimental demonstration of change of dynamical properties of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser subject to dual optical feedback by dual full delay-range tuning," Opt. Express. 24(13), 14301–14310 (2016). 19. L. C. Jaurigue, O. Nikiforov, E. Schöll, S. Breuer, and K. Lüdge, "Dynamics of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser subject to dual-cavity optical feedback," Phys. Rev. E. 93(2), 022205 (2016). 20. H. Asghar, E. Sooudi, P. Kumar, W. Wei, and J. G. McInerney, "Optimum stabilization of self-mode-locked quantum dash lasers using dual optical feedback with improved tolerance against phase delay mismatch," Opt. Express. 25(14), 15796–15805 (2017). 21. L. Drzewietzki, S. Breuer, and W. Elsäßer, "Timing jitter reduction of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers by selfand external-injection: Numerical description and experiments," Opt. Express 21(13), 16142–16161 (2013). 22. C. Otto, L. C. Jaurigue, E. Schöll, and K. Lüdge, "Optimization of timing jitter reduction by optical feedback for a passively mode-locked laser," IEEE Photon. J. 6(5), 1501814 (2014). 23. L. C. Jaurigue, A. S. Pimenov, D. Rachinskii, E. Schöll, K. Lüdge, and A. G. Vladimirov, "Timing jitter of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback: a semi-analytic approach," Phys. Rev. A 92, 053807 (2015). 24. C. Otto, K. Lüdge, A. G. Vladimirov, M. Wolfrum, and E. Schöll, "Delay induced dynamics and jitter reduction of passively mode-locked semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback," New J. Phys. 14, 053807 (2015). 25. F. Lelarge, B. Dagens, J. Renaudier, R. Brenot, A. Accard, F. V. Dijk, D. Make, O. Le Gouezigou, J. Provost, F. Poingt, J. Landreau, O. Drisse, E. Derouin, B. Rousseau, F. Pommereau, and G. -H. Duan, "Recent advances on InAs/InP quantum dash based semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers operating at 1.55μm," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(1), 111–124 (2007). 26. C. Gosset, K. Merghem, A. Martinez, G. Moreau, G. Patriarche, G. Aubin, J. Landreau, F. Lelarge, and A. Ramdane, "Subpicosecond pulse generation at 134 GHz and low radiofrequency spectral linewidth in quantum dash-based Fabry-Perot lasers emitting at 1.5 μm," Electron. Lett. 42(2), 91–92 (2006). 27. K. Merghem, A. Akrout, A. Martinez, G. Aubin, A. Ramdane, F. Lelarge, and G.-H. Duan, "Pulse generation at 346 GHz using a passively mode locked quantum-dash-based laser at 1.55 μm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(2), 021107 (2009). 28. F. Kèfèlian, ODonoghue, M. T. Todaro, J. G. McInerney, and G. Huyet, "RF linewidth in monolithic passively mode-locked semiconductor laser," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20(16), 1405–1407 (2008). 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-5543 30. E. A. Avrutin, and B. M. Russell, "Dynamics and spectra of monolithic mode-locked laser diodes under external optical feedback," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 45(11), 1456–1464 (2009). 31. H. Asghar, and John. G. McInerney, "Asymmetric dual-loop feedback to suppress spurious tones and reduce timing jitter in self-mode-locked quantum dash lasers emitting at 1.55 μm," Opt. Lett. 42(18), 3714–3717 (2017). 32. J.-H. Cho, H. Kim, and H.-K. Sung, "Performance optimization of an optically combined dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator based on optical interference analysis," Optical Engineering 56(6), 066111 (2017).


Decolouration by catalytic oxidation of Acid Red 186 dye solutions was investigated using several manganese-based heterogeneous catalysts, namely MnOx (manganese oxides), Mn-Cu and Mn-Ce composite oxides. Also, catalytic activity of CeO2 and CuOx (copper oxides) were tested. Catalysts were used in slurry conditions, at 130ºC and oxygen partial pressure of 15 bar. Additional uncatalysed run and thermolysis (no catalyst, no oxygen) were studied. The results revealed that MnOx and Mn-Cu were the most active catalysts concerning the reduction of colour. MnCu5 and CuOx led to the highest TOC decreases. From the overall process (colour and TOC reductions) and having in consideration catalyst stability, MnCu5 was considered suitable to AR186 oxidation.


Reports of many functional deficiencies are these days rampant in many aluminium products flooding the Nigeria markets. These emanate from the local aluminium manufacturing, cottage foundry industries and much more from goods imported in the country. The study investigates the metallurgical properties of as-received and cast aluminium alloy samples used in the floating piston/calliper of the automobile hydraulic master brake cylinder. Commercially available aluminium alloy is procured from which callipers were cast and characterised. The study compares the physical properties by Hardness test, microstructural properties using high resolution metallurgical microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, chemical composition using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The as-received samples are characterised by poor metallurgical qualities such as variation in weight and density, low HBN, low tensile strength, high porosity and sand inclusions from the previous poor casting practices, hence abnormalities result under usage. The aluminium alloy was technically cast at pouring temperature higher than 750 o C using sand mould of high permeability. The casting gave higher HBN values of eutectic-AlSi structured aluminium alloy. The tensile strength calculated as approximate relationship between the hardness and the tensile strength, gave lower 329.09 Mpa and 154.78 Mpa strength for as-received samples as compared with the cast alloy having 353.58 Mpa and 226.49 Mpa tensile strength values respectively.


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Influence of the SrTiO3 Phase Transformation on Magnetotransport Phenomena in Ultrathin SrTiO3(001) / La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ 1 SRINIVAS POLISETTY, SHAMEEK BOSE, SHUN WANG, CHRIS LEIGHTON, University of Minnesota — The existence of electronic and magnetic "dead layers" at interfaces in complex oxide heterostructures presents a significant challenge to the realization of functional oxide devices. Our recent work on La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (LSCO) [1,2] has shown that the formation of these "dead layers" in cobaltites is due to strain-induced oxygen vacancy formation and ordering. Here, we present some of the remarkable array of complex magnetotransport phenomena that accompany this interfacial magnetic inhomogeneity in SrTiO3(001)/LSCO. Reduction of the film thickness from 70 to 30 Å results in a percolative metal-insulator transition, the onset of large magnetoresistance due to inter-cluster transport, and clear signatures of the 108 K cubictetragonal phase transition in the SrTiO3. The latter include resistivity anomalies at 108 K, strong temperature hysteresis, in-plane anisotropy, and stochastic discontinuities in resistivity [3]. We attribute these effects to strain-mediated propagation of the substrate phase transformation into the pseudomorphic LSCO and argue that the interplay between this effect and the thickness evolution of the magnetic inhomogeneity provides qualitative understanding of all observed phenomena. [1] Torija et al., Adv. Mater. 23, 2711 (2011). [2] Gazquez et al., APL Mater. 1, 012105 (2013). [3] Polisetty et al. (unpublished). 1Work supported by NSF and DOE (neutron scattering). Shameek Bose University of Minnesota Date submitted: 14 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


complicate surgical procedures for brain tumors and potentially cause secondary brain injury. Methods: Retrospective cohort of children 0–18 years undergoing a first procedure for an intracranial tumor. Sodium (Na) levels of ≤130 and ≤135 mEq/L were evaluated. A Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score at hospital discharge was assigned. PCPC score was dichotomized by normal or mild disability (1–2) versus poor outcome (moderate disability brain death or ≥3–6) for multivariable analyses. Interval PCPC score (1–6) was used with other measures. Results: 319 patients were identified. Na ≤130 mEq/L occurred in 39 (12%) and Na ≤135 mEq/L occurred in 176 (55%) patients. Poor outcome occurred in 80 (25%) patients. In models adjusted for patient age and tumor factors (malignant histology, hydrocephalus, tumor location), Na ≤130 mEq/L was independently associated with poor outcome (adjusted Odds Ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval 3.0–13.3). Furthermore, Na nadir, duration of Na ≤130 and ≤135 mEq/L, and number of episodes with Na ≤130 and ≤135 mEq/L were associated with higher PCPC scores (all p<<.001). Decreases in Na >10 or >15 mEq/L in 24 hours were uncommon (9% and 4% of all patients, respectively), but both were associated with higher PCPC scores (p=.002 and .01, respectively). Conclusions: Hyponatremia is an independent risk factor for poor neurologic outcome in post-operative pediatric brain tumor patients. Increased severity, duration, and number of episodes of hyponatremia were significantly associated with worsening PCPC scores, supporting the association of acute hyponatremia with poor outcome. Hyponatremia is a potentially modifiable risk factor for disability, and further research is needed to determine if prevention or treatment of hyponatremia can improve neurologic outcome in these children.


The frequency of chromosome aberrations correlates with the radiation dose, therefore measuring chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes obtained from exposed persons is considered the most reliable, specific, and sensitive biomarker for dose estimation. The inf luence of radiation is evaluated by analyzing chromosome aberrations in dicentric and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assays. It has been suggested that the degree of chromosome condensation may have significant effects on the detection of ring-chromosomes, small fragments, and translocations. In order to investigate the effects of colcemid treatment on chromosome condensation, we compared the relative length of chromosome 2, which identification is easy and contains approximately 8.1% of genome DNA, in lymphocytes treated with 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 μg/ml colcemid for 2, 24, and 48 h each. Our data showed that the most elongated chromosomes were obtained from the lymphocytes treated with 0.01 μg/ml colcemid for 2 h. Furthermore, it has been reported that calyculin A treatment results in induction of PCCs with over-condensed chromosomes, then, we analyzed the effect of colcemid-block on chromosome condensation in PCC assay. PCC cells with the over-condensed chromosomes were observed frequently in PCC assay combined with colcemid-block. Since colcemid treatment has large influence on chromosome condensation, it is necessary to choose the optimal conditions for the biodosimetry analysis of each chromosome aberration.


Protecting enterprise information security is a main task of Internet of Things system. The interaction between employees in same enterprise is based on level structures. So it is important to discover levels of employees for urban developers to protect enterprise information security. In this article, we propose a level discovery method for employees (LDME) from the records of employees using mobile phones named LDME. The call behavior between employees are expressed as several weighted directed complex networks, LDME represent edges in these weighted directed complex networks as vectors to exact both direction and weight information of the edges. Combined with supervised learning method, LDME prune these weighted directed networks into directed acyclic networks, which accurately reflect levels information between employees. At the same time, LDME mines the maximal frequent directed acyclic substructure from the above directed acyclic networks with efficient way, which indicate the stable levels information. We use real data to verify the performance of our method. The experimental result shows that the level of employees mined with our method is accurate and stable.


Regardless of how the Grid Edge is perceived, grid users and the society it serves, demand a grid that is safe, reliable and efficient. This goes far beyond the physical 'grid edge' and permeates the totality of the distribution system in particular. Earth faults at Medium Voltage have a great impact on safety and reliability. In this paper, the selection of compensated neutral treatment is shown to provide optimized performance. Augmentation with Faulted Phase Earthing or Augmented Residual Current Compensation adds further to the safety performance. This is advantageous in high-risk areas and in wildfire mitigation. Efficiency in returning supply to customers after outages is addressed, including the use of Synchronised Line Monitoring. This paper presents fundamental solutions to deliver safety, reliability and efficiency at and beyond the Grid Edge.


In order to improve the control effect of the brush-less DC motor, adjustable-speed system of double loop-locked based on TMS320f28335 chip is designed to realize the digital control of the brush-less DC motor. As for the hardware part, the TMS320f28335 chip is the core processor and the brush-less DC motor is drived by three-phase bridge circuit. As for the software part, PID algorithm is applied to realize the double loop-locked control of the motor's location and RMP. The conclusion is proved by the experiments that the adjustable-speed system can run steadily and its control algorithm is reasonable, which has a broad application prospect.


In order to study the evolution of the aviation market competition,the evolutionary model of business and tourist passengers is built up with cellular automata technology.Taking the flights management of Shenzhen Airlines and other airlines on the route of Shenzhen-Beijing as example,the evolution of competition is simulated.Result shows the different influences on business passenger and tourist passenger of ticket price,flight frequency and airlines' core competence.The ticket price affects tourist passenger more,while the frequency and the core competence affects business passenger more. The airlines' core competence affects market shares and profit level of airlines more than the frequency and the ticket price.


A method for fabricating a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor includes implanting first conductive type dopants into a semiconductor substrate and forming a photodiode region in a surface of the semiconductor substrate, performing spike annealing to the semiconductor substrate having the photodiode region formed thereon, to thereby suppress diffusion of the first conductive type dopants and remove an interstitial between lattices, and implanting second conductive type dopants into an upper part of the photo diode region to form a second conductive type diffusion region.


* We thank Mahmoud Mohieldin, Marilou Uy, and Jos Verbeek for overall guidance in this project, and Hans Timmer, Elena Ianchovichina, and Punam Chuhan for their valuable suggestions as peer reviewers. We are also grateful for comments from The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. With the 2015 deadline for the current Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) drawing near, the global community is shaping a new set of international development goals for the longer term. The process has involved consultations led by the UN Open Working Group guided by the 2013 report, " A New Global Partnership " of the UN High‐level Panel. The work so far indicates that the post‐2015 development agenda will encompass goals for social, economic, and environmental sustainability with broader coverage than the current MDGs. 1 This paper refers to these post‐2015 development goals as Sustainable Development Goals, or SDGs. The World Bank Group is developing a diagnostic framework to assess the implications of implementing the post‐2015 global development agenda at the country level. This framework has been applied to a pilot case study on Uganda, and some of the results of this study are highlighted here for illustrative purposes. The WBG has also developed a multi‐country database that provides a starting point for similar diagnostics in other countries. Subject to data availability, the framework may be used to analyze likely progress in SDGs and their determinants and to discuss policy and financing options to accelerate their progress. This work has been shared with the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts on Sustainable Development Financing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of this framework, drawing on the pilot study of Uganda. The framework consists of four steps:  Step One benchmarks the current level of progress for each SDG for the country being analyzed relative to other countries, given GNI per capita, a variable that is highly correlated with most development indicators, including SDGs and their determinants. Accordingly, in this analysis, GNI per capita is treated as a summary indicator of the capacity of a country to achieve outcomes, for both SDGs and their determinants.  Step Two projects the country's business‐as‐usual …


We report a defect in the deenition of Lotos (ISO/IEC standard IS-8807). We show that the standard semantics for parameterized and actualized types | although it is consistent in itself | is not satisfactory in case of multiple instantiations of the same generic type, and leads to strange behaviours in existing Lotos tools. We indicate how to avoid this problem when writing formal speciications in Lotos, and we also propose a modiication of the attening mechanism deened in IS-8807 in order to solve this problem. and s 6 = s 0 i (1 i p) = undeened otherwise replace the piece of text contained in the frame box by the following piece of text:


The paper researches the regional differentiation of technological innovation of MLEs in Henan province form the angel of input-output. Using the panel data model, the paper thoroughly analyzes the structural influence of technological innovation input to output of 18 prefecture-cities in Henan province, finds out the structural differentiation and explains the cause. In conclusion, the paper will put forward some pertinent measures to improve technological innovation ability of MLEs of each prefecture-city in Henan province.


The topic of this paper is the glue-concrete interface of bonded anchors loaded by tension force. The paper is closely focused on bond strength experiments using high strength concrete up to class C50/60 or higher together with pure epoxy resin and fibre-reinforced resin. The goal of this research is to find the limits of the effective use of such glue types in high performance concrete, and also to verify the most commonly used design methods for bonded anchors. The presented research includes experimental analysis of the glue-concrete interface and the influence of its parameters on anchor behaviour. The presented analysis shows some problems of the 'separated failure modes' approach and also presents experimentally verified bond strength values obtained for the currently most widespread glue types. Results of fibre reinforced epoxy resin are also presented in this paper.


This thesis examines the attitudes of UK academics toward new media as both cultural artefacts and tools, assessing the relationship of those attitudes to traditionally distinct disciplinary structures. An inclusive and conceptually informed framework was developed following a review of multi-disciplinary literatures addressing the organisation of disciplines, the management of Higher Education, and the multiple meanings of new media. The original contribution of the thesis is an enriched understanding of what new media mean to academics both symbolically and practically at a time of immense technological and organisational change.
Empirical data were gathered from a sample of 209 UK academics in four academic fields which were selected strategically using a frame based on the work of Whitley (2000). The primary instrument used was a self-administered online questionnaire (distributed to 953 individuals in 112 in-scope institutions, hence the response rate is 22 percent) using Likert scales and semantic differentials to capture attitudinal statements. Illustrative, descriptive and inferential statistics were computed from this, although it must be noted that the population size could only be estimated. An analysis of commonalities and differences in emerging and conventional disciplinary structures suggests a stronger influence of the practical rather than symbolic influences of discipline on academics' attitudes toward new media. A homogenisation of attitudes is found across not only disciplines, but genders, age groups, and experience levels.
At the same time, while these findings echo those of other research, strong conceptual and methodological differences remain evident in debates about new media in much scholarly literature, primarily that drawn along disciplinary lines, or for a specialist audience. This suggests two equally important positions from which academics assess new media; those rooted in disciplinary modes, and those common to multiple practitioners and audiences in the academic 'workspace'. This can be seen as symptomatic of the new managerial models for research, teaching and assessment currently prevalent within HE.


Composites experience corruption of primary solidness because of different kinds of effect stacking bringing about the harm which is challenging to see from the outer layer of the design. The paper manages the limited component model (FEM) to concentrate on the conceivable displaying methodology in low-speed influence (LVI) and disappointment system of carbon fiber built up polymer (CFRP) composite cover of CCF300/epoxy and its primary reactions. In limited component estimation, a proposed three-layered moderate harm model is utilized to decide the intralaminar harm, while the firm contact definition is utilized to break down the interlaminar harm. The disappointment model exhibitions are approved and checked given various limit conditions while keeping up with the effective energy. Through reenactment, the variety in limit conditions fundamentally changes the underlying reactions and energy retention of the covers. It is trusted this study will be an extraordinary device in deciding the different composite.


This work deals with the mechanical behavior under impact loading (5 m/s ≤V0 ≤ 15 m/s) of the hybrid sandwich sheets composed by titanium ski ns (Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb) and polymer core (polyether-ether-ketone, PEEK). These configurations are widely used in interverteb ral prosthesis. Firstly, the experimental method has be en carried out using a drop weight tower; secondly, the numerical model of punching process h as been developed with finite element method. Fracture observations reveal that the sandw ich specimens fail predominantly as the result of intensive localisation shearing. The nume rical analysis considers the influence of impact velocity, specific energy absorbed by the sp cimens and failure mode. A qualitative agreement for the strain distribution and an underestimation of about 20% of the maximum impact load was finally obtained by the model.


The concept of the dynamic state is essential for the interpretation of studies of protein metabolism. Obviously, a considerably broader insight can be obtained into the status of protein metabolism in an individual when, in addition to information on the net result of protein synthesis and break-down, data are also available on the magnitude of each.


This paper presents a no-reference quality metric for evaluating the blocking artifacts in images. It is based on a finding that the blocking artifact has direct effect on the distribution of discrete Tchebichef moments. The image is first divided into target blocks that cover potential artifacts. Tchebichef moments are then extracted as the block features. A local artifact score is computed by comparing the coefficients of the moments and the overall quality metric is obtained by taking the average of local estimates. Simulation results and comparisons demonstrate the advantage of the method.


The motor learning of cerebellum is worked by long-term depression( LTD) of cerebellar neuron. In eye-blink conditioning and vestibulo-ocular reflex models,after catalysis by PKC and CaMKs,the presynaptic membrane of purkinje cells activates Ca2 +channel,Na+channel or K+channel and releases neurotransmitters including glutamic acid,NO and so forth. These neurotransmitters interacts with AMPAR and mGluRs in postsynaptic membrane mediated by PSD and GRIP,with participation of second messengers such as Ca2 +,IP3,DAG and so on. Finally,postsynaptic membrane of purkinje cells loses sensitivity about neurotransmitters released from presynaptic membrane in long time,and long-term depression occurs in postsynaptic membrane of purkinje cells by electrophysiology.


It was found that among 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CQ) salts of polycation containing piperazium ring in their main chains, whose structures are shown by the following formula, complex salts of PiX-CQ, Pi 3-CQ and Pi 5-CQ had vary low resistivity and whose p values were 22, 30, 60 SZm, respectively. From the correlation of the distances between ionic sites in polycation chain with their electrical conductivity, it was assumed that piperadinium ring made a contribution to the arrangement of neutral CQ molecule (CQ°) and CQ anion radical molecule (CQ') toward polycation matrix, and affected the mobility of conductive electron. This phenomenon was observed until the number of methylene groups within ionic sites was 5-6, but it vanished when the number was more than 8.


The construction of learning teaching administration organization is the inevitable demands for reform of teaching administration mode in university.At present,we should establish teaching administration culture,build learning mechanism,perfect incentive mechanism,strengthen exchange and change administration mode to realize the transformation from affairs to learning in teaching administration organization.


This document provides a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis of the use of the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents, and it makes the case that the vaccines are neither needed nor safe and have not been proven to be efficacious, particularly when considering the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which currently dominates worldwide. In addition to the evidence of manifest harm from the US and EU adverse event reporting systems, it also addresses the risk of genotoxicity of the mRNA vaccines, which due to recent experimental evidence of their integration into host cell genomes must be considered urgent.


New World direct-developing frogs (Terrarana) are among the most diverse vertebrate groups in the world. Many Terrarana species are highly variable in colouration and morphology, often rendering it difficult to delineate spe - cies. Modern molecular and bioacoustic techniques are a relatively recent tool for understanding the various taxonomic entities. This affects also Pristimantis caryophyllaceus, a complex on which little research has previously been done. We ex - amined the variation of morphology, genetics, and colouration in specimens affiliated to P. caryophyllaceus from Panama, using different Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) based on molecular phylogenetic lineages. Phylogeny, ecology, and distributional information for this species shed light on the position and species delineation of P. caryophylla ceus and its congeners in Panama. Our results demonstrate a high level of genetic diversity in P. caryophyllaceus -like popu - lations from Panama, which in fact comprise three main lineages that are geographically separated. Specimens from east - ern Panama tend to be larger, with more expanded finger disks and toe pads than specimens from western Panama. How - ever, aside from the significant morphological differences between MOTUs, the extent of variation within each MOTU is very large. Based on our extensive and integrative analysis, we suggest treating the three MOTUs of P. caryo phylla ceus populations as a single polymorphic species with very deep conspecific lineages as a result of the dynamic geological his - tory of the Isthmus of Panama. The validity of the recently described P. educatoris is not supported by our results and we therefore synonymize it with P. caryophyllaceus s.


Differences between the results obtained for the fineness of wool tops measured by air-flow and projection-microscope methods can arise because the coefficient of variation of the measured top is different from that of the tops used to calibrate the air-flow meter. The validity of some assumptions implicit in the air-flow calibration is examined and a correction table for precise use of the air-flow meter calculated. The corrections range from −2% at 16 μm to zero at 36μm.


Assignment is a method of Hungarian or delegating some tasks to the recipient tasks (Assignee). Objectives to be achieved in the assignment problem is trying to allocate a number of "resource" for the amount of any "work" on the optimal total cost and are made on the basis that each resource should be assigned only to one job. Assignment is divided into two maximization and minimization problems. The presence of employees in an enterprise environment is very important and in uential to the success of a company. Because, employees play a direct role in a company. Place- ment of employees must comply with the expertise and skills possessed. Because if the company is wrong in placing the employee that will result in a lack of eectiveness and eciency in work. Assignment of very precise method used in the employment problem, because it can further maximize the value of pro ts earned more optimal. So that nally the long-term goals and short-term the company can achieve that is by generating maximum pro ts.


a system and method for the treatment of misaligned teeth using orthodontic wires uncoated or coated superelastic nickel-titanium, nickel-titanium heat activated with composite resins to execute the desired alignment of the teeth is described. The composite resin is applied as microspheres which hold the wire in position preferably on the lingual surface of the tooth. Alternative embodiments are described using brackets composite. The general object of this invention to provide a system of low profile orthodontic close contact, in particular a lingual orthodontic system is significantly more convenient than current systems orthodontics, completely hidden and effective.


In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcription of genes encoding for the high-affinity iron (FET3, FTR1) and copper (CTR1) transporters does not occur in the absence of heme. We show that the Aft1p binding region of the FET3 promoter or the Mac1p binding region of the CTR1 promoter is necessary and sufficient to mediate heme-deficient repression. Transcription is repressed in the absence of heme, and a genetic screen identified Tup1p and Hda1p as being required for transcriptional repression. In contrast to FET3 and CTR1, Aft1p target genes ARN1 and FIT1 are transcribed in the absence of heme. A 14bp sequence in the ARN1 promoter is necessary and sufficient to permit transcription in the absence of heme. Transcription in the absence of heme required the presence of Cti6p to overcome the effect of Tup1p, and Cti6p was recruited to the ARN1 promoter in the absence of heme. We hypothesize that transcription of the siderophore transporter ARN1 permits yeast to accumulate iron in the absence of oxygen and to deny iron to competing organisms. The EMBO Journal (2006) 25, 512–521. doi:10.1038/ sj.emboj.7600961; Published online 26 January 2006 Subject Categories: chromatin & transcription; cellular metabolism


George R. lbffman Departxrent of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion, SD This study concerns the vegetation distribution in habitat types of Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Phase I of the study is that of reconnaissance and determining potential habitat types present. Phase II includes intensive sampling of sites which represent minimally disturbed vegetation. Sites on more disturbed vegetation also will be established. Phase III will include mawing of habitat types and additional sanpling to fully substantiate results of Phase II. Study sites established in the Park should be thought of as long-term :rronitoring sites at Which effects of animal grazing, climate changes and fire can affect the vegetation. Introduction The pu~se of this study is bo determine the distribution of vegetation types in Badlands National Park, South ~kota, and to describe the types in roth pristine and disturbed condition. Additionally, special reference is given to the occurrence and distributions of exotic species, as well as any rare and endangered species encountered in the study. It is feasible and worthWhile to establish permanent sanpling sites in the Park. 'lhese should include least disturbed to highly disturbed sites. Least disturbed sites will form the standard of reference against Which to measure changes that occur as a result of heavy use and changes that occur with recovery after cessation of heavy use {~ir 1972). These permanent sites can be monitored by Park personnel~ they can also be reexamined later by the principal investigator. Permanent sites also provide the basis for evaluating hypotheses about native vegetation. Hypotheses can include long-term climatic gradients, shortterm weather fluctuations, one-time bison grazing, human-introduced chemicals, fire, etc. The list is long but it is inportant to think in terms of valid ecological hypotheses. The initial phase centers on a conplete reconnaissance of the area to establish a list of potential l~itat types {sensu ~ubenmire 1968) and the disturbance types. 'lhe initi.al phase also 1ncludes examination of the plant collection of the Park herba.rium for any corrections or changes that are required. The second phase centers on intensive sampling of the vegetation to


The article entitled "The mathematical and software of decision support making during the process of formation the schedule of education activities" is devoted to the problem of automating the formation of a classroom schedule in a higher educational institution.
The article consists of an introduction, five sections, conclusions and references.
The first section provides a justification for the choice of implementation method.
The second section is devoted to the description of the algorithms used.
The third section indicates the means of implementing a software product, presents an information-logical database model for the "Schedule" system.
The fourth section describes the logical structure of the software product.
The fifth section presents the results of the implementation and testing of the software product.
The purpose of the study is the development and implementation of a software system designed to automate the process of compiling a classroom schedule in the branch of the Transdniestrian State University. T.G. Shevchenko in Rybnitsa.
The object of the study is the automation of the formation of the schedule of classrooms.
The subject of the research is the implementation of a genetic algorithm as one of the adaptive search methods for solving functional optimization problems in order to automate the generation of a schedule.
At the stage of the research of the subject area, the methodology of scheduling in universities was studied. There are not so many developments in the automation of scheduling tasks. This suggests that this task is relevant and unified approaches to its solution still does not exist. A new approach to the implementation of solving the problem of finding the optimal schedule was the application of an expert approach based on the use of a genetic algorithm.
The authors describe the feasibility of using the genetic algorithm as one of the adaptive search methods for solving functional optimization problems in order to automate the formation of the schedule. Evaluating the work as a whole, it can be argued that the practical significance and prospects of development of this research direction is obvious.


The present study provides the results of sociologi-cal research conducted in April-May 2020 in the city of Yakutsk and aimed at studying popular ethnocul-tural associations of the city of Yakutsk. There were used the following three methods: online survey, content analysis and expert interview. The research was carried out using an online platform Google Forms. The analysis was performed by means of SPSS Statistics, a statistical analysis software plat-form. Five hundred respondents took part in the online survey. The results of the study showed that the most popular ethnocultural associations are: the patriotic organization "Us Tumsuu", the social movement "Association of Youth Organizations of Uluses (Regions) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 'Zemlyachestvo'", the sports and patriotic club "Uraangkhai", the "Tumen" association. The follow-ing five Yakut news sites were selected for the con-tent analysis: online media Ysia.ru, YakutiaMedia.ru, SakhaNews, News.Ykt.Ru and Yakutia.Info. There were carried out expert interviews with five leaders of popular ethnocultural associations of the city of Yakutsk. The present study also offers recommenda-tions for the further work of similar ethnocultural associations of the city of Yakutsk and preserving cultural and ethnic features of the Sakha people.


This article examines educators' perceptions of their work when they were forced to conduct emergency distance learning because of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of closed-ended responses from educators at all levels of education (preschool, elementary and secondary education, vocational training, and higher education) is examined. Statistical analysis of the data shows that the greatest difficulties reported by educators are related to deficiencies in their digital skills training, causing them to perceive a higher workload during isolation along with negative emotions. Another finding is the existing digital divide between educators based on their gender, age, and type of educational organization. Another troubling finding is lower technological competence at lower levels of education, which are most vulnerable to distance learning. These results encourage us to think about the measures that need to be taken to improve the quality of educators' digital competence, social justice, and educational system sustainability that are consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals.


Abstract : This information memorandum is an annotated bibliography of CNA manpower work that focuses on the Marine Corps. The documents included are from the 1980s through 2001.


Objective To study the LC50 sequence sort of sulfuryl fluoride against mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches and rats as the guide of practical application.Methods The trial was carried out in a transparent simulating container with 50 flies,mosquitoes,cockroaches and 20 Kunming kinds mice,20 SD rats in each dose group for 24 h.Results The LC50 sequence sort of sulfuryl fluoride against fly,mosquito,cockroach,rat for 24 h were 0.179,0.212,1.446 and 2.004 g/m3 respectively.Absolutely lethal dose of sulfuryl fluoride against fly,mosquito,cockroach,kunming kinds mouse,SD rats were 1.099,1.520,3.817,3.874 and 5.122 g/m3 respectively.It needed less absolutely lethal dose of sulfuryl fluoride against fly,mosquito,cockroach,kunming kinds mouse,SD rats in empty containers than in full containers.Conclusion The result provides scientific experimental basis for sanitary treatment.It is helpful for sanitary treatment individualized dosage selection when used sulfuryl fluoride to process container with multi media coexist.Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation dose is 15-20 g / m3 24 h according to current port operation guiding principle.But we need to combine of processing objects and absolute lethal dosage of the sulfuryl fluoride fumigation on practical application of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation.It can save the amount of sulfuryl fluoride,shorten steaming time,reduce environmental pollution at the same time.It is favorable to keep the health of practitioners when we reference the experimental result.


The methods of Unizol kit,CTAB and cold phend,and modified SDS were compared to isolate total RNA from blood flesh peach fruit at different coloring stages.The results showed that the modified SDS method was more suitable for RNA extraction from both peel and flesh of blood flesh peach fruit.And the total RNA was proved to be intact,and of high purity and concentration.And hence,the extracted RNA could be used for RT-PCR and further studies.


An intuitively appealing derivation of the Fibonacci searching algorithm is presented. A new equation is developed to determine appropriate test points for Fibonacci searching.


Vance (1976) found a response bias against Tone 4 (mid‐low falling) in a tonal perception experiment in Cantonese where synthesized stimuli varied only in F0, and Vance (1977) explained this by suggesting that creaky voice quality is a redundant cue for Tone 4. Indeed, there is evidence that creaky voice quality plays a role in tonal perception: in Mandarin, a language where creak is well‐known to be a redundant cue for one of the tones, Tone 3 (low fall‐rise), Belotel‐Grenie and Grenie (1994) found that creaky instances of Tone 3 were recognized faster than non‐creaky instances. The effect of creaky voice quality on the perception of Tones 4 and 6 (mid‐low level) in Cantonese will be investigated using a 2AFC identification task of natural stimuli that were elicited in isolation and in connected speech. Variability in creak in the realization of Tone 4 occurred naturally in the elicited stimuli. If creaky voice quality plays a role in tonal perception, we hypothesize that overtly audible creak, as well a...


Our proposal describes ISPY, a multilateral European K2 language project based on the development of an Online Networking Platform for Language Learning (http://www.ispy-project.com/). Supported by the Lifelong Learning European Programme, the platform aims to help young adults across Europe, secondary and vocational school programs, learn a new language and gain insights into the cultural knowledge implicit to those languages. Conducted by the University of Wolverhampton LQFROODERUDWLRQ


Abstract:A young friend went to Brighton Beach in Brooklyn earlier this summer. It was his first time on an American beach, and I'd hyped the experience up to him. "How was it?" I asked a few days later. "Amazing," he said. He talked about the subway ride to the beach, the concession stands, the cold water. "A plane flew over our heads while we were there," he said. "It was trailing a banner that said, 'Have hope.'" That sounds nice, I thought. Who among us doesn't need hope these days? He continued: "It said, 'Have Hope. Keep Faith. Say No to Abortion.'"


Problem definition world globalization and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine led to a significant increase in the number of Ukrainians emigrating to China. The emigration process has its stages, at each of which the individual solves his tasks of social and psychological adaptation, which requires research. Problem analysis In the scientific literature, the emigration process is divided into three main stages (preparatory, moving and familiarization with new living conditions and adaptation to new conditions), in each of which adaptation is an important psychological component of this process. In the humanistic paradigm, the process of socio-psychological adaptation of the individual is the most developed and researched. The purpose of the study to reveal the stage-by-stage features of socio-psychological adaptation among Ukrainians emigrating to China. The research methods are the Rogers-Diamond diagnostic method of socio-psychological adaptation; questionnaires "Adaptive strategies of behavior" and "Satisfaction with life" according to N. Melnikova; questionnaire "Social well-being". Mathematical and statistical processing of the φ criterion - Fisher's angular transformation and the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Description of the sample the sample consisted of 90 Ukrainians of early adulthood who are in a marital relationship and have a higher education. The sample was divided into 3 studied groups. Group 1 (Gr. 1) includes Ukrainians who plan to emigrate to China, which was confirmed by the documents they drew up for this purpose. Group 2 (Gr. 2) included Ukrainians who lived in China for no more than 1 year after moving. Until the third (Gr.3) - more than 1 year. Conclusions At the second stage of socio-psychological adaptation in the process of emigration, the indicators of emotional discomfort, non-acceptance of others, external conflict and maladjustment significantly increase among Ukrainians, which worsens their adaptation potential, however, at the third stage, its full recovery and return to the level of the emigration planning stage was revealed. At each stage, features of the manifestation of adaptive behavioral strategies, indicators of social well-being and life satisfaction were revealed.


Aluminosilicate geopolymers with a high silica molar ratio have been prepared by mixing Croatian coal-ash (ASTM Class F) and sodium silicate solution (water glass, technical grade). The samples were cured at 85 °C for 8 h and 24 h in different experimental conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) have been used to identify the new phases formed in geopolymeric binders, and to follow the progress of their formation. It was observed that the glassy component of fly ash used reacted with water glass. The main reaction product formed in the geopolymeric materials was amorphous alkali aluminosilicate gel that induces a shift in the T–O (T=Si or Al) asymmetric stretching band towards lower frequency (1074.58 cm –1 ) in relation to the ones in the original fly ash. SEM/EDS detected a highly inhomogeneous glass-like matrix, constituted mainly of Na-Si-Al phases in a bulk region, together with unreacted spheres of fly ash particles.


Four functions are attributed to the teleostean swimbladder. It is believed to be a hydrostatic organ and to play a part in respiration, to act as a sense organ and to serve for sound production. In this article the evidence for these functions is considered, and an attempt made to correlate the structure and functions of the swimbladder with the biology of the teleost fishes. The evolution and development of the swimbladder, and then its structure, are briefly dealt with before passing on to the functional aspects. Many of the structural details of the swimbladder have been worked into the sections dealing with its functions, and cross-references are made from one section to another. Finally, there is a section on the swimbladder in relation to the ecology of the teleosts.*


Discussion and author's closure of paper 43–2 by L. C. Aicher, Jr., presented at the AIEE national technical meeting, New York, N. Y., January 25–29, 1943, and published in AIEE TRANSACTIONS, 1943, February section, pages 66–70.


Evaluated the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf, bark of Annona squamosa L. against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes was analyzed in this study. All the selected strains were previously characterized. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf, bark of Annona squamosa L. were prepared with help of soxhlet unit. Further, evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these extract were analyzed against S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf and bark of Annona squamosa leaf showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The 15 µg/ml aqueous extract of leaf of the Annona squamosa showed 1.66, 24.02% antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes respectively as compared to the control. Similarly, 15 µg/ml ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa leaf showed more inhibition zones (23.16 and 21.34 %, respectively) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The 15µg/ml aqueous extract of bark of the A. squamosa showed 51.88, 78.77% more inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes respectively whereas 15 µg/ml ethanolic extract of bark of the A. squamosa exhibited 59.02, 99.45% more inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes respectively as compared to 15µg/ml norflox (control drug). Aqueous and Ethanolic extract of bark of Annona squamosa showed 5µg/ml MIC and 10µg/ml MBC against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Ethanolic extract of leaf of Annona squamosa showed 5µg/ml MIC but aqueous extract of leaf of Annona squamosa showed 10µg/ml MIC.


Excerpt In 1922, Ely, Reed and Wyckoff,1and Kofoid and Swezy2announced the finding ofEndameba histolyticain the lesions of arthritis deformans. In this same year Kofoid, Boyers and Swezy3described ...


Under the background of sustainable development strategy, taking the path of low carbon development has become an important task and goal of all walks of life in modern society in China. Based on this requirement, how to take the low carbon development path of sports industry is a question worth pondering. Under the current economic situation, the status of the sports industry in the national economy has gradually increased, and the sports industry has also flourished. Under the perspective of sports economy, the development of low-carbon sports is becoming more and more urgent and important. Based on this, the paper analyzes the path of low carbon development in China's sports industry from the perspective of sports economy.


Rather than due to a lack of security enforcement mechanisms, security issues often result from a combination of attacker deception and user inability to follow proper security precau-tions. In the case of smartphone security, the centralized app store model, through which the majority of software is deliv-ered to users, provides substantial protections by filtering out (most) malware. As such, the security of a smartphone device significantly relies on user decision-making; where they download their applications from, which links they choose to follow, which websites they visit. To observe these decisions, we develop a mobile security behavior observatory (MSBO) platform for smartphone devices predicated on previous work studying the behavior of home computer users [4]. Through the platform, participants consent to smartphone use data collection, and also elect to receive questionnaires on their device. This paper describes our architecture, reports initial engagement results, and discusses how we plan on using the MSBO for future user studies.


In the UK, conflict resolution strategies have become increasingly popular within community development practice. Conflict resolution has been used to prevent homelessness, tackle neighbourhood disputes, address family conflict, facilitate community involvement, address discrimination and reduce anti-social behaviour. The promise of conflict resolution is that confidential and informal processes of 'justice from below' might better reconcile community interests, improve relationships and promote social change. Within the field of community development, these promises have been widely vaunted. However, outside community development, conflict resolution has been subject to extensive criticism. This article draws upon debates in legal scholarship to discuss four criticisms in particular: that conflict resolution disadvantages vulnerable groups, undermines social justice, suppresses legitimate grievances and mistreats public issues as private problems. It then considers these criticisms in relation to community development practice and explores potential solutions.


During deep mixing (DM) column installation, excess pore pressure arises in the surrounding clay due to the injection of chemical admixtures and the shearing action caused by blade rotation. The excess pore pressure is greater than the in-situ effective stress, resulting in fractures in the surrounding clay. Pore water infiltrates into fractures, and the consolidation of clay is accelerated. The chemical admixture penetrates into the fractures and thereby exchangeable cations diffuse into the surrounding clay effectively. All of these effects accelerate the strength increase of the surrounding clay after the installation of DM columns. The main objective of this study is to confirm the aforementioned phenomena. These phenomena are verified through (1) a laboratory vane shear test, (2) a laboratory test on a model column made in a model clay ground, and (3) full-scale field tests on DM column installation.


Ferromagnetic alloys undergoing thermoelastic martensitic transformations have recently become very attractive owing to the possibility of inducing giant deformations by rotating martensitic domains with an externally applied magnetic field. It is expected that ferromagnetic alloys with the Heusler structure may exhibit a strong magnetoelastic coupling resulting in potentially interesting magneto-mechanical properties. In this paper we present preliminary results on structural and magnetic studies on Ni 2 MnAl, It is shown that in this material the magnetic properties strongly depend on the heat treatment, chiefly because of the difficulty in achieving a complete L2, order.


The thermonuclear neutron inelastic scattering on carbon is investigated. Variants of the corresponding diagnostic methods implementation, as well as the opportunities of a method that uses a fluid-flow medium and various combinations of isotopes, are studied. 4 refs., 3 figs.