Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the tasks of our country's transition to a new level of economic development in the context of the unfriendly policy of the "collective West". In this regard, the Government of the Russian Federation, together with the Academy of Sciences, with the participation of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, is working in the field of regional spatial policy of socio-economic development. The economic model based on the primacy of free market relations, which is led by large transnational corporations, is increasingly yielding to statist models of economic activity regulation. The purpose of the article in this context is to specify the conditions under which the tasks of Russia's spatial development coincide with the vector of meeting the needs of society, its readiness for change. In the case of collinear dynamics, this will contribute to tectonic shifts and, consequently, to strengthening the competitiveness of the state at the macro level. With pejorative tendencies – to a systemic failure, when the government cannot govern in a new way, and society will not put up with a situation where the "top" will hold dominance on the basis of a regressive or stagnation policy.

Materials and Methods. It is very interesting, from this point of view is the historical and retrospective method of verification, which can reveal the interest of Russian society in specific or abstract values that play the role of an incentive that can expand the horizons of economic activity.

Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of historical experience, which verifies the views of the classics of economic thought, regularities are revealed in the synthesis of the ideas of state economic policy, the expectations of society and the desire of individuals to consume the good.

The results of the study can be used in the development of conceptual and policy documents as part of the implementation of the National Technical Initiative and the Strategy for Spatial Development of Russia, as well as in order to make optimal management decisions on the formation and implementation of large-scale government projects. The results obtained explain from a historical point of view the priorities of society in the search for the optimal way to achieve well-being. The executive power needs such knowledge for the most efficient use of territorially localized resources when locating production facilities of advanced technological modes that ensure the strategic competitiveness of the Russian Federation.


We have demonstrated the operation of, and are assessing theoretically and experimentally the error rates of, silicon-based single-electron turnstiles, pumps, and CCDs. These devices are conceptually very similar to the metal-based pumps which have already proven to have a very low error rate; potentially, the Si-based devices have several substantial advantages, including higher current value, higher temperature of operation, and simpler operation


Object of the present invention is to provide a display device, the display device driving method takes even with little difference in the time of writing and reading the memory, the frame frequency is not reduced. The present invention is achieved by providing a display device of the above-described object, the display device determines the role of the two memories in each cycle of the write signal, and to determine the writing start by reading start signal and the horizontal synchronization signal, so that, It may implement reader and writer synchronization. And the present invention provides an electronic appliance using the display device.


The main aim of the present project is to obtain a better understanding of the dynamic control of a wind turbine. To accomplish this, an adaptive dynamic controller was developed and connected to a wind DFIG Simulink model. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller in question, a three phase fault in the power grid was simulated. Results showed how the implementation of the adaptive dynamic programming controller helped to improve the speed of response of the system. It also helped to reduce the magnitude of the oscillations taking place after the disturbance is removed. The non-linear systems are difficult to model and to control. New modern control techniques allow controlling these systems without having the system model, reducing the complexity. Among these techniques, it is the adaptive dynamic control that estimates the parameters of the dynamic system on-line and adapts their control to the new conditions without spreading the error throughout a feedback network.


The need for labeled data is among the most common and well-known practical obstacles to deploying deep learning algorithms to solve real-world problems. The current generation of learning algorithms requires a large volume of data labeled according to a static and pre-defined schema. Conversely, humans can quickly learn generalizations based on large quantities of unlabeled data, and turn these generalizations into classifications using spontaneous labels, often including labels not seen before. We apply a state-of-the-art unsupervised learning algorithm to the noisy and extremely imbalanced xView data set to train a feature extractor that adapts to several tasks: visual similarity search that performs well on both common and rare classes; identifying outliers within a labeled data set; and learning a natural class hierarchy automatically.


There have been few attempts to relate Buddhist thought to current trends in brain psychology. This is not surprising since the dominant force in contemporary psychology, that of a modular cognitivism, considers mental contents to be logical solids that interact in a function space-an approach that is incompatible with a metaphysics of relation and change, and equally inhospitable to process philosophy.' The temporality that is central to Buddhist metaphysics, and foundational to all phenomenal entities, has been largely eliminated from the reified objects of psychology, which severs the temporal relations between modules and reinserts them in the connectivity. The aim of this article is to bring to the attention of Buddhist scholars another approach to the human mind, one that has developed out of the study of the symptoms of individuals with brain damage. This account, the microgenetic theory of cognition, had its beginnings with the disorders of language (aphasia) that result from damage to focal brain areas. The various forms of aphasia were interpreted as anticipatory phases in the neurocognitive actualization or becoming of an utterance. Gradually, it became clear that the brain model of language was applicable to the account of action and perception as hierarchic systems of momentary actualization. Indeed, such a range of clinical phenomena could be explained by this theory that microgenesis appeared to constitute a general model of brain and behavior. According to the theory, the mind/brain state is a continuous sheet of process from self to world, rhythmically ?generated out of a subcortical core and distributed over phases to a neocortical rim.2 The basic operation is a cascade of whole-topart or context-to-item transformations in which parts arise out of wholes through constraints on emergent form at successive phases. The progression is from the archaic to the recent in brain evolution, from the past to the present--loosely, from memory to perception-in a momentary cognition, from unity to multiplicity, and from the intrapsychic to the extrapersonal. Mental process is unidirectional, obligatory, and recurrent. The complete sequence from depth to surface constitutes the mind/brain state. In this theory, reality is not the starting point but the goal of an act of knowledge. In the course of a reflection on the metaphysics of microgenetic theory, so many areas of correspondence to early Buddhist thought are evident-the arising and perishing of phases, the recurrence of moments, the phenomenal quality of perceptions-that one might suppose it to have been the starting point of the work in neurology. Indeed, for many years, after lectures on theoretical psychology I have


Pemetrexed disodium (Alimta [Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN], LY231514, multitargeted antifolate) is a new multitargeted antifolate agent that inhibits multiple enzymes in the folate pathway. Phase II trials showed single‐agent response rates of 16% and 23% in untreated patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This study was undertaken to determine the response to pemetrexed disodium given in combination with cisplatin.


In visual navigation system, a method of construction and scheduling of multi-resolution LOD terrain is designed according to the influence of terrain precision on super low flight. First, the tiled pyramid is constituted to manage the terrain data, which is organized by quadtree. The terrain complexity-based node selection criterion is used to select the required blocks for rendering. Then, the structural similarity of quadtree nodes is made use of to symmetrically cluster two-level nodes, which is suitable for batch scheduling of terrain data. Experimental results show that this method improves the terrain precise from a certain range of the aircraft, reduces the frequency of data scheduling, and enhances the rendering frame rates of navigation scene.


A practical oxidizing technique with O_3 has been developed for the passivation of porous silicon(PS).The fundamental role of ozonization may be attributed to the strong oxidizing process of the SiH_x species and dangling bonds(DB).The subsequent 158 d aging effect with the presence of absorbed O_3 molecules is much effective for the oxidizing process.At last we achieve a complete replacement of Si-H_x covered with Si-O_x film and Si-alkyl film.The steady increase of photoluminescence(PL) intensity is due to the increase in barrier's height efficiency and the increase in quantum efficiency for the nano-crystallites.


Photo wave propagation in one dimension random photonic crystal is studied with eigen matrix method. Compared with periodical structure,the band gap fades away and the transmitting rate is relate to the random degree,frequency and number of medium layers.


Konzo is an irreversible paralysis of the legs that occurs mainly in children and women of child bearing age in Mozambique, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR) and probably other countries. It is an upper motor neuron disease of sudden onset due to large intakes of cyanide from cassava over a fairly short period. Epidemics may occur as a result of drought and war.


Recently in Ethiopia, there is an increasing movement to implement community based mostly insurance theme as integral a part of health care finance and significant movements has resulted within the unfold of the theme in several elements of the country. Despite such increasing effort, recent empirical proof shows entering have remained low. The aim of this study is to spot determinants of enrollment in community based mostly insurance implementation in South Gondar Zone, Amhara region

A community based mostly cross sectional survey was conducted to gather information from 1,035 family heads employing a multi-stag sampling technique. A binary logistic regression was accustomed to determine the determinants of family decisions for CBHI enrollment.

Out of the participants, (68.17%) were CBHI members. Besides, family size (AOR=2.18; CI=1.13-1.45), average health status (AOR=.590; CI=.281-.906), chronic malady (AOR=4.42; CI=1.92-8.22), theme benefit package adequacy (AOR=3.18; CI=1.90- 6.20), perceived health service quality (AOR=4.69; CI=1.78-7.70), CBHI awareness (AOR=4.78; CI=1.75-15.7), community commonality (AOR = 4.87; CI = 2.06–6.93) and wealth (AOR = 4.52; CI = 1.78–7.94) were vital determinant factors for entering within the community based mostly insurance theme.

CBHI awareness, family health condition, community commonality, quality of health service of health organizations and wealth were major factors that almost all confirm the family decisions to register within the system. Therefore, in depth and continuous awareness creation programs on the scheme; stratified premium – supported economic status of households; incorporation of social capital factors, notably building community commonality within the theme implementation are important to boost continuous enrollment. As perceived family health status and therefore the existence of chronic malady were also found vital determinants of enrollment, the government may need to seem for choices to create the theme obligatory.


REPLY: We, the authors, thank very much the referee for the extensive list of papers dealing with our topic. All of them are now cited properly in the revised manuscript. This part of the introduction has been revised. In our original writing, by "the difficulties to parameterize accurately the model", we meant that 1D longwave forcing estimations require a lot of parameters from different sources of instruments which are usually not acquired in a single place on a routine basis but in dedicated field campaigns. By "the lack of knowledge of the aerosol properties in the LW range", we meant that, because aerosol radiative properties are not directly measureable in the longwave spectral range, they need to be computed (=approximated) by dedicated codes (Mie code here) starting from the microphysics.


With the help of sports physiology,this paper aims to analyze the physiological characteristics of energy supplying system and energy metabolizing system when the senior teachers are doing the body exercise and put forward the essential procedures of working out the ways of body exercise for the senior teacher.


Using an algebraic approach based on the theory of Coxeter groups, we design, and describe the performance of, a class of line codes derived from permutation modulation, useful for parallel transmission of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b+1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wires, and admitting especially simple encoding and decoding algorithms. With these codes, resistance to common-mode noise is obtained by using codewords whose components sum to zero, simultaneous switching output noise is reduced by using constant-energy signals, and the effects of intersymbol interference are reduced by having decisions based on only two values at the input of the final slicers. Codebook design is based on the theory of Group Codes for the Gaussian Channel, as specialized to Coxeter matrix groups generated by reflections in orthogonal hyperplanes. A number of designs are exhibited, some of them being novel or improving on previously obtained codes.


The present invention, the processing of digital signals, in particular, to spectral scan at the time of reception of the signal. The process involves applying a multicarrier shaping filtering (12) the received signal is calculated by applying a Fourier transform (13) to the thus filtered received signals. The present invention is an advantage useful for dynamic spectrum allocation in the context of the content of wireless communication.


Here we describe scintillation properties of Pb(W0.95-Mo0.05)O4:La,Y material. It is fast, dense and radiation hard scintillation material with scintillation band maximum 512 nm. Scintillator allows effective discrimination of scintillation and Cherenkov light from the crystal. It can be applied at the upgrade of CMS and ALICE detectors to meet SLHC requirements and further experiments at CLIC.


In PD-SOI the oxide layer between MOSFETs and the underlying silicon substrate presents a thermal resistance that can lead to significant temperature rise for power dissipating devices. This can impact circuit performance and also introduce differences between device characteristics measured under DC conditions and those experienced under "at speed" operating conditions with low duty cycles common for CMOS circuits. Here a new technique for measuring the thermal time constant of PD-SOI MOSFETs in an adjacent heating configuration with sub-ns time resolution is presented. Experimental results for specific layouts in experimental 65 nm PD-SOI hardware show time constants of order 20 - 30 ns.


Objective To evaluate the running status of Fujian provincial Measles Laboratory Network(MLN).Methods To analyze the surveillance results of measles laboratory network during 2009-2011 by descriptive epidemiology method.Results 1789 suspected measles cases were reported during 2009-2011,and 1177 measles sera samples were collected.The collection rate was 65.79%,and the rate of sample sending in 3 days was 91.76%,and the rate of laboratory result reported in 7 days was 92.41%,the main surveillance indicators increased year by year.In the past three years no measles viruses were isolated,27 rubella viruses strains were isolated,all the rubella viruses were identified to be H1 genotype.Fujian provincial measles laboratory passed the on-site review by WHO,the proficiency test and the sera sample re-check hold by National laboratory.The provincial measles laboratory passed the sera samples re-check by National laboratory for measles during 2009 to 2011.The measles laboratory of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) passed the sera proficiency test by the provincial measles laboratory,the consistent rate was 98.76% and 100% respectively.Conclusion The running status of Measles Laboratory Network of Fujian province was good,all the surveillance indexes achieved the requirement of the monitoring program in 2011,it played an important role in measles control and surveillance.


In recent years the historiography of science in Brazil has been receiving singular contributions about the first scientific initiatives in the colony. These studies have shown the important role of men of science to the development of scientific information about Brazil during the colonial period. Accordingly the present study aims to identify and analyze the Joaquim Veloso de Miranda scientific practices, who was "mineiro" graduated from the University of Coimbra, later returning to his homeland where he develops significant observations. As a special case, since very little information about his writings is documented, however, in partnership with Domingos Vandelli, the few publications in the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon caused great repercussions. Accordingly, we tried to answer some questions that has been rising about the naturalist
and his scientific practice, in order to collaborate not only with the history of science, but also with the general historiography of Minas Gerais, calling attention to the sociability practices in the colony


An unconstrained real-time method to detect the relationship between breathing patterns and sleep efficiency (%SE) during sleep was developed using a low-cost sleep monitoring system. This system consists of an array of force sensitive resistors (FSR) sensors embedded on a pillow-sheet, wireless network devices based on low-cost ZigBee technology to digitize and transmit the pressure data to desktop computer or display devices, software to analyze and classify body movements. The characteristic breathing patterns are explained by the change of the head pressure distribution on the pillow due to the lifting and lowing of the thorax movement. We have found that the body movement frequency is different among individuals during sleep. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the quality of breathing and sleep efficiency by using the frequency of body movement during the night that were classified using a newly developed classification algorithm based on thorax movement. Here we show that quality of sleep can be characterized and distinguished by correlations of breathing rates separated by lifting and lowing of the thorax motion. The integration of this sensor system and wireless technology with computer software could make this healthcare monitoring system a commercial product valuable for point-of-care applications.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the major leadership challenges of the secondary schools of Dawro and Wolaita zones. In order to attain this objective descriptive survey method was employed. The study was carried out in four general secondary schools of wolaita and Dawro zones. Stratified sampling technique for the selection of the schools, simple random sampling technique for teachers' selection and availability for principals' selection were used. Hence, principals and teachers were involved and the questionnaire was distributed among teachers and principals and again principals were interviewed. And, also the three years' (2002-2004 E .C.) EGSECE performance document was analyzed. The data gathered through questionnaire were analyzed using percentages and average mean. Based on the analysis, the study disclosed that the input, competency, economic, social, and attitudinal factors were found to be the major challenges. Accordingly, it was concluded that the challenges were multifaceted. Hence, it is recommended that all the concerned bodies of the zones should take measures to improve the performance of students through tackling the problems taking into account that the outputs of this level are the inputs for the current 33 universities and different development sectors of the country. Key words: Leadership, Leadership Challenges, Secondary Schools, Principals, Student Performance, Management


. In this paper, a derivation of the two-dimensional asymptotic nonlinear highly dispersive shallow-water extended Green-Naghdi system for an uneven bottom is represented. Then we consider the one-dimensional case of this model taking into consideration the e � ect of a small surface tension. We show that the construction of solution with a standard Picard iterative scheme can be accomplished in which the well-posedness in X s = H s +2 ( R ) ◊ H s +2 ( R ) for some s > 32 , of the modified extended one-dimensional system for a finite large time existence t = O ( 1 Á ' — ) is proved.


We have calculated the B/sub ..lambda../ value of /sub ..lambda..//sup 5/He within the framework of the resonating group method using antisymmetrized ..cap alpha..+..lambda.. cluster wave functions and two different effective ..lambda..N interactions. Differing from previous studies, we allow the ..cap alpha.. particle to have a nonvanishing D-state admixture. We find that the presence of a D-state component reduces the B/sub ..lambda../ value. Depending on the strength of the D-state admixture, which we adopt from theoretical predictions or analyses of experimental data, we calculate a reduction of the B/sub ..lambda../ value of 150--505 keV for the Minnesota ..lambda..N interaction and of 80--270 keV for the effective ..lambda..N force of Yamamoto and Bando.


A positive encounter is essential to the provision of qualitative healthcare. Experiences of negative encounters in healthcare may affect the patient's wellbeing and health, and have a negative effect on the patient's trust in the healthcare system. The overall aim of this thesis was to gain new knowledge about negative experiences of encounters in Swedish healthcare and, based on this knowledge, suggest potential measures to reduce or prevent such experiences. The thesis consists of four different studies: STUDY 1 Aim: To investigate patients' experiences of not being treated well in medical healthcare in Stockholm County, Sweden. Methods: Systematic review of complaints of negative encounters to Patientnamnden in Stockholm registered in 2006 and 2007. The complaints were subjected to qualitative content analysis by categorization, and a complementary snapshot review of complaints on medical treatment was conducted. Results: The most common types of complaints were "rude, aggressive or arrogant behaviour", followed by "being ignored, not listened to, or being taken seriously". One third of the complaints about "medical treatment" also contained complaints about negative encounters. Women were found to complain on negative encounters more frequently than men. STUDY II Aim: To examine how long-term sick-listed persons perceive healthcare encounters, with special emphasis on negative encounters and feeling wronged. Methods: Postal questionnaire to 10 042 long-term sick-listed persons. Statistical analysis of Attributable Risk (AR) with 95% CI. Results: Response rate 58%. 1 628 of the respondents had experiences of negative encounters in healthcare, and of these 1 036 reported also having felt wronged. Types of negative encounters with highest AR for feeling wronged were "nonchalant behaviour" and "treated me with disrespect". Men reported higher AR for feeling wronged than women, as did respondents with psychiatric diagnoses compared to other patients. Feeling wronged seems to be an outcome based on accumulated experiences of negative encounters. STUDY III Aim: To gain an improved understanding of experiences of negative healthcare encounters in the general population. Methods: Postal questionnaire to a sample of 1 484 inhabitants of Stockholm County. Conventional content analysis of data from open-ended questions. Results: Response rate 62.1%. 17 different types of complaints about negative encounters were identified and two comprehensive explanatory factors were established: "structure and allocation of healthcare" and "the staff's attitudes and professional practice". STUDY IV Aim: To investigate the hypothesis that complaints of adverse events related to encounters with healthcare personnel are underreported, and to identify barriers to filing such complaints. Methods: Postal questionnaire to a sample of 1 484 inhabitants of Stockholm County. Statistical analysis of proportions and OR with CI: 95%, and minor qualitative content analysis by categorization. Results: Response rate 62.1%. Patient complaints about negative encounters were found to be under-reported. The main barriers for filing complaints were "did not have the strength" or "did not know where to turn", or that "it makes no difference anyway". Experiences of negative encounters were also found to have a negative impact on people's trust in healthcare.


It was found that aromatic aldehydes and ketones could be reduced smoothly at room temperature by sodium dithionite using viologen derivatives as an electron transfer catalyst to obtain the corresponding alcohols in good yields. Viologens (methyl viologen and polymer) acted catalytically and active species in the reduction were quinoid forms which were obtained by two-electron reduction of viologens.


This report describes the progress of /rOil alld Steel AllaIYsis Committee. J oint Research Society, l SI]. This cOlllmittee is orgallized with four subcommittees, that is Chemical AnalYsis, Photoelectric Emission Spectroscopic AnalYsis, Fluorescent X -ray AnalYsis, alld Nonmetaliic Inclusion AnalYsis Subcommittees. Each subcommittee has interchanged i'!formatiolls about analYtical techniques between committee members and studied the new analYtical method of steel, proposed accomplished methods for JIS (J apanese Industrial Standard). T he management of this commiittee alld the result in detail are explained ill this paper.


The theory of individualization offers a useful context for the understanding of present changes in the couple relationship marriage and parenthood. However so far there have been no empirical tests for clarifying the scope of this theory. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study [conducted in West Germany] which in addition to a general trend towards individualization also reveals differences according to socio-regional milieus. These differences are demonstrated by two topics: living together (with and without being married) and the relation between parenthood and occupational activity. The results are condensed into a typology of couple relationships. The observed trends make it seem possible that the future will bring a polarization into two life styles: a family-oriented and an individualized style. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) (EXCERPT)


Paper discussing the geography of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Harris County, Texas and the factors associated with areas of high prevalence.


Statistics revealed that the number of internet users in the world is increasing due to technological advancements. Technological advancement, on the other hand, is a function of the national economy. Highly developed nations, therefore, are expected to have more internet users than less developed economies. Fractal analysis is a contemporary method of applying nontraditional mathematics to patterns that defy understanding with traditional Euclidean concepts. This study employed a descriptive method of research and made use of secondary data from 198 countries (internet users) of 2014. Fractal analysis was used to determine the fractal characteristic of the given data. The histogram of the logarithm of the Internet Users across the world appears to be normally distributed. The phenomenon of observed internet users has already departed from the natural state. Analysis of the fractal observations revealed a tendency to diffuse towards uniformity in the use of internet all over the world so that cyber-communication will become the norm or standard through which countries will eventually exchange information.


Effcacy of nine insecticides, viz, thiodicarb, endosulfan, phosphamidon, monocrotophos, quinalphos, dimethoate, methyl demeten, cypermethrin and phosalone was assessed against the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonolis Guen. On the bash of frult infestation and yield of borer free fruits, thiodicarb 0.15 per cent and monocrotophos 0.04 per cent were most effective. The former treatment was moot: economical and gave an additional income of Rs. 3061 per ha. Dimethoate 0.03 per cent and methyl demeton 0.05 per cent were least effective both in respect of pest control and economics.


Random packings of discs on the sphere S2 and spheres on the (hyper-)sphere S3 have been built on a computer using an extension of the Jodrey-Tory algorithm. Structural quantities such as the volume fraction, the pair correlation function and some mean characteristics of the Voronoi cells have been calculated for various packings containing up to N = 8192 units. While the disc packings on S2 converge continuously, but very slowly, to the regular triangular lattice, the sphere packings on S3 converge to the disordered frustrated Bernal's packing, of volume fraction c ≃ 0.645, in the (N = ∞) flat space limit. In the S3 case, the volume fraction exhibits maxima for particular values of N, for which the corresponding packings have a narrower histogram for the number of edges of Voronoi polyhedra faces.


The Draft Law on Gender Equality is present in the community through a variety of responses. Response to the RUU-KKG more colored by a misunderstanding. While poisitif response against based on the fact that the RUU-KKG largely do not conflict with religious teachings in Islam. Among the positive response was given by Muhammadiyah as described in this article. The focus of this article is to study RUU-KKG readings on various laws and Tajdid Muhammadiyah the Legal Affairs Committee. Muhammadiyah insights about women's leadership alignments on gender equality. Alignments were seen in the decision, as well as the fatwa discourse proposes that provides an opportunity for women to show up as a leader in various levels in the public space. In fact, of the time of its emergence, the study of the Legal Affairs Committee of the law of women in politics and became a judge can be regarded as a pioneer in its field.


tag=1 data=Freedom of Information: under review. by Alan Rose

tag=2 data=Rose, Alan

tag=3 data=Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration,

tag=5 data=80

tag=6 data=September 1996

tag=7 data=4-8.

tag=8 data=FOI

tag=10 data=An outline of the deficiencies of the administration of the Freedom of Information Act.

tag=11 data=1996/2/7

tag=12 data=96/0284

tag=13 data=CAB


The article is devoted to the problem of organizing the crisis-proof management in a region. Interaction of the authorities and managerial structure of organization in monitoring some of the threshold stability parameters is considered to be its basis. The author suggests the functional model of organization of crisis-proof management in a region. The model is based on intermediate term program, which is a new approach in the modern principles of efficiency and productivity of the subregional and municipal authority work.


This paper presents an integrated approach to the servo controller design for a flexible-link robot. Flexible systems are difficult to control because they have unmodelled dynamics and transmission zeros. To achieve better performance, the proposed method covers aspects including feedforward control using future command inputs to eliminate tracking errors and avoid residual vibrations; optimal control feedback design to use the least control effort; state observer design with the loop transfer recovery technique to ensure robustness; and a disturbance observer design to replace the integral control without compromising performance. The controller adopts the state-command structure to reduce the transient error during the command change, and the necessary reference states are generated by an observer-like state generator. The performance of the resultant controller in terms of disturbance attenuation, tracking error and robustness are verified in the impact loading test, high speed tracking test and varied-payload tracking experiment respectively.<<ETX>>


In view of the creation of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Banco del Sur, this book analyses whether the UNASUR members fulfil the preconditions to form a stable monetary union. Based on a model developed by Bayoumi and Eichengreen, it constructs an optimum currency area (OCA) index vis-a-vis Brazil. In comparison to the European Monetary Union, it then assesses which countries of UNASUR have been converging towards a South American monetary union to draw implications for policy making.


Geological sequestration of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) in deep coal seam has been considered as one of the most promising options for reducing greenhouse gas emission. The permeability of a coal seam, a key parameter estimating the CO2 injectivity, determines the success of ScCO2 storage in the deep coal seam. The deep coal seam has a low initial permeability and a further permeability loss induced by the adsorption‐swelling effects of coal during ScCO2 injection. This paper presents a set of measurements on the permeability changes of anthracite reservoirs in different depths of Qinshui Basin induced by ScCO2 injection. The results indicate that the change in anthracite permeability presents a negative exponential decrease with the buried depth increase. The depth of anthracite reservoir increases from 800 to 1400 m, and its permeability will decrease from 4.59 × 10−2 to 8.04 × 10−4 mD. The permeability change induced by ScCO2 injection is the combining effects of temperature, pressure, and adsorption‐swelling, and the permeability change can be described by a negative exponential model during ScCO2 injection to anthracite reservoir in different depths. The loss coefficient of permeability is up to three magnitudes induced by ScCO2 injection to the anthracite reservoir in the depth of 800 m, 2‐3 magnitudes in 1000‐1200 m, and 1‐2 magnitudes in 1400 m. Although the initial permeability of anthracite reservoirs in the same depth exists differences, the permeability loss coefficient almost has the same magnitudes induced by ScCO2 injection. Comparing with the permeability loss coefficient of the anthracite reservoir in different depths, the permeability variation of the shallow coal seam is more sensitive than the deep induced by ScCO2 injection. However, the deep coal seam has a relatively large fracture pressure, so the allowable ScCO2 injection pressure in the deep coal seam is greater than the shallow.


The multifacet drills as a new type of drilling bit in practice,it play an increasingly important roles in practice.It cent the common drill to three segment,cutting edge,the arc edge and inside edge,blade-shaped complex changes,and the edge grinding method steps is complex,grinding issue has been a key technical problems.This article from the production of practice,introduced a group of hand-drill grinding method.


Results are presented on a ground-based search for fluorescent emission from CH4 at 3.3 microns in a newly discovered long-period comet, Comet Levy (1990c). It was found that the upper limit to the CH4 abundance in Comet Levy is similar to the Comet Halley CH4 abundance estimated from lower resolution IR spectra by Kawara et al. (1988). The Comet Levy CH4 abundance is significantly lower than the abundance derived by Larson et al. (1989) from a possible detection of CH4 in Comet Wilson. 29 refs.


By adding a linear term to a renormalization-group equation in a system exhibiting infinite-order phase transitions, the asymptotic behavior of running coupling constants is derived in an algebraic manner. A benefit of this method is presented explicitly using several examples.


The influence of low temperature curing on the performance of concrete containing metakaolin (MK) is investigated. Portland cement was partially replaced with 0–30% MK. The water to binder ratio was maintained at 0.5 for all mixes. Concretes were subjected to water and air curing at 5°C. Compressive strength was conducted on water cured specimens whereas, ultrasonic pulse velocity and length change were conducted on water and air cured specimens. During the first day of hydration, the concrete strength is substantially reduced especially at high MK content. However, the incorporation of up to 20% MK causes an enhancement in concrete strength beyond 7 days of curing. This increase could be up to 50% depending upon the age of curing and the MK content. After 28 days of curing the relative strength continues to increase. This finding is compared with results obtained in a previous investigation for MK concrete cured at 20°C and analyzed using the maturity method. The incorporation of up to 15% MK causes an increase in linear shrinkage. Beyond 20% MK, the shrinkage is reduced.


A new distinctive genus Spathiophaenodus gen. nov. from the tribe Pambolini (Braconidae: Exothecinae), with type species Spathiophaenodus annae sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated. The original key to the World genera of the tribe Pambolini is provided.


We previously performed a linkage study using families identified through probands meeting criteria for DSM‐IV schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (SABP) and observed a genome‐wide significant signal (LOD = 3.54) at chromosome 1q42 close to DISC1. An initial sequencing study of DISC1 using 14 unrelated DSM‐IV SABP samples from the linkage study identified 2 non‐synonymous coding SNPs in exon 11 in 2 separate individuals. Here we provide evidence of additional rare coding SNPs within exon 11. In sequencing exon 11 in 506 cases and 1,211 controls for variants that occurred only once, 4 additional rare variants were found in cases (P‐value = 0.008, Fisher's exact trend test). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study aims to verify Japan Electric Association Code's method for estimating the ultimate laterally loaded bearing capacity of a concrete pole which is now used f3r soft clay ground, and to seek an appropriate theoretical formula to predict the ultimate lateral resistance according to the change of the depth of a concrete pole. Also, it investigates a method to prevent collapse caused by a typhoon on the soft clay ground. For this, a total of 32 concrete poles with 3 different length of depth were installed in the soft clay ground, and a laterally loaded bearing test was conducted. On the test, an earth pressure cell was installed to measure earth pressure distributions. After the test, the calculations of Japan Electric Association Code's method, linear method, Broms's method, and Meyerhof's method were compared. According to the test result, the existing Japan Electric Association Code's method needs an alteration for the coefficient of soil and it doesn't consider the change of soil pressure distributions according to the increase of depth. It was found that Broms' method is the most applicable for predicting the ultimate lateral resistance. Also, in order to ensure the secure laterally loaded bearing capacity in soft clay ground, the depth of a pole should increase.


This chapter gives advice to doctors who provide reports for pension schemes about the merits of a patient's application for ill health retirement. This is a challenging area of practice in which the structure and wording of the report is important if difficulties are to be reduced. An overview of pension provision in the UK is included as well as advice contained in determinations by the Pensions Ombudsman. Rates of ill health retirement for national schemes are shown against which doctors should audit their practice. In general, a retiree's perceived health status tends to improve after retirement, although the improvement will attenuate over time. Heavy manual workers are more likely to retire on the grounds of ill health than non-manual workers, which has been attributed to their poorer health and less favourable working conditions.


The purpose of this note is to draw the profession.s attention to a very simple approximate solution of the problem in question. From a comparison of the computed safety factors with those derived from rupture tests on five models and one experimental dam it can be concluded that the proposed analysis is sufficiently accurate for design purposes.


the clinical application of transanal total mesorectal excision (ta-tme) for rectal cancer was reported first in 2010 by sylla et al, who used transanal endoscopic microsurgery/transanal endoscopic operation instruments. Currently, the use of a transanal minimally invasive surgery technique for ta-tme is the preferred choice, and the number of reports demonstrating its benefits is increasing. its potential advantages over the laparoscopic procedure include facilitation of dissection of the anorectum, regardless of patient body habitus, along with a clearly defined safe distal margin and transanal extraction of the specimen. however, standardization of the procedure has been insufficient because we are still in the early stage of the learning curve for ta-tme. in this article, we would like to demonstrate our procedure for ta-tme by using a short video (http:// links.lww.com/DCR/a209).


ABSTRACT This article addresses the problem of tracking a manoeuvring target in a wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of distance-measuring sensor nodes. In order to cope with target manoeuvres, an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is applied to estimate the position and velocity of the target. The distance-dependent measurement error of sensors is formulated as both additive and multiplicative noise in the observation equation. To deal with nonlinearities in the process and observation equations and also to solve the problem of multiplicative measurement noise, a new particle filter (PF)-based IMM approach is developed. Furthermore, the multiple-model posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) is derived in the presence of both additive and multiplicative noise and it is used to perform a sensor selection algorithm to reduce energy consumption in WSN nodes. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed IMMPF and sensor selection algorithms in target tracking.


Background: Listening to Quranic recitation has been claimed to enhance educational performance and cognitive functionality. Unfortunately, scientific evidence for this remains scarce.
Aim: Hence, we aimed to investigate the neural mechanism underlined the psychoacoustic and cognitive enhancement effects from listening to Quranic recitation. Occipital lobe beta rhythms (14-30 Hz) were excerpted from electroencephalography (EEG) data during psychoacoustic stimulation from sham (Rest), Arabic news and the Fatihah Chapter recitation. The stimulation comes in random sequence in the same length of duration of 5,8,6,6,10, 8 and 20 seconds for verses 1 to 7, respectively. The brain's oscillatory waveforms were pre-processed using EGI System and then were analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to derive the power spectrum in the Beta frequency band (14-30 Hz). Data were analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis from XLSTAT statistical package.
Result: A profound and significant reduction of the power spectrum was found in the left occipital lobe while listening to theFatihah Chapter. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the occipital lobe during listening to Arabic news. It may be postulated that listening to the Fatihah Chapter activates an oscillatory neural network associated with visual mental imagery.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July'22 Page: 710-716


The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FC), adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 1994, is the first multilateral treaty focused on the protection of minorities. Despite the importance of the FC within the process of codification and development of legally binding minority rights standards, the bearing of its obligations is 'softened' by many limitation clauses relating to both the general structure of the provisions as well as their specific content. To a degree, this may be seen as inherent in a convention providing a framework for case-specific solutions to be found at the domestic level. It is also true, however, that domestic measures directed at implementing the FC might reflect so wide a measure of discretion or self-understanding as to be heardly compatible with the purpose of elaborating a set of core European standards protecting minorities, 'essential to stability, democratic security and peace' (fifth preambular paragraph), and as such falling 'within the scope of co-operation' on human rights matters (Article 1). It follows that the key to making the FC a truly fruitful step lies no doubt in a satisfactory monitoring of its implementation. The Committee of Ministers is entrusted with the task of monitoring the implementation of the FC by the States parties. It is assisted by an Advisory Committee (AC), whose members have recognised expertise in the field of the protection of national minorities. On 17 September 1997, the Committee of Ministers adopted a Resolution concerning the rules on the monitoring arrangements under Articles 24 to 26 of the FC (Resolution (97)10). It determines the role of the AC and, therefore, its relation with the Committee of Ministers. The aim of this article is to examine the monitoring procedure of the FC, with special reference to the impact of the AC on the profile and effectiveness of the mechanism. It sketches out the main general issues and briefly discusses some proposals put forward on the role of the AC; then, it moves on to the analysis of the FC implementation mechanism as resulting from Resolution (97)10 of the Committee of Ministers, within the broader context of the international monitoring of minority rights compliance.


While an increasing body of research has investigated the situational factors affecting balancing of work and family roles, there is still scarcity of research on the relationship between personal factors and work -family balance (WFB). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to estimate the effect of big five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism) on the four dimensions of WFB i.e. work-to-family conflict [WFC], family-to-work conflict [FWC], work-to-family facilitation [WFF] and family-to-work facilitation [FWF] among Indian journalists. From the perspective of WFB, journalists are regarded as an interesting group that has rarely been examined by the scholars. The study validated the 'fourfold WFB scale and 'big five personality' scale in the Indian context. Further, results revealed that big five personality variables emerged as significant predictor set for all the four dimensions of WFB. Unexpectedly, conscientiousness did not reduce WFC, given the unpredictable nature of journalism that pressurizes even a conscientious journalist to sacrifice his family life and work lousy hours. Openness behaved like a double-edged sword that escalate both conflict and facilitation experiences. However, extraversion did not increase facilitation experience for journalists. These findings suggest media organizations to conduct personality test for recruiting suitable candidates, whose personality traits make them best suited to the stressors of journalism profession. Moreover, knowledge of employees' personality traits may increase the effectiveness of organizational interventions that aims to enhance employees' WFB.


This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams with shear deficiencies, strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The experimental program consisted of nine full-scale, two-span, continuous beams with rectangular cross section. The tested beams were grouped into three series. Three beams, one from each series, were not strengthened and taken as reference beams, whereas, six beams were strengthened using different schemes. The variables investigated in this study included the amount of steel shear reinforcement, amount of CFRP, wrapping schemes, and ply combination. The experimental results indicated that the contribution of externally bonded CFRP to the shear capacity of continuous RC beams is significant and is dependent on the tested variables. In addition, the test results were used to validate shear design algorithms. The proposed algorithms show good correlation with the test results and provided conservative estimates.


For the excellent security,stability and durability of 60 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) power generator,it's important for cathode humidity and pressure of the fuel cell stack to be maintained in certain ideal levels.Based on the simulation and analysis of the cathode system,a hybrid intelligent PID decoupling controller was proposed for the close coupling and non-linear dynamic characteristics and requirements of the system.The simulation control results show that,the cathode humidity can be fast controlled stable by adjusting the water injection for the air supply,which is realized by a single neuron PI controller with the optimal quadratic index.Another incremental PID controller,based on the diagonal recurrent neural network(DRNN) dynamic identification,controls the cathode pressure more accurate by adjusting the air flow exit the compressor.Coordinating these two controllers can protect the stable operation of system from non-linear dynamic and coupling characteristics and the real-time power demand of the system load.


In Sweden we come in contact with the English language almost daily; in television shows, radio commercials and at work. English is also mandatory in the Swedish curriculum; therefore it is importa ...


Compositions based on polyphenylene sulphide, which contain, by weight 60 to 99.5 parts of polyphenylene sulfide and 0.5 to 40 parts of a combination of C, comprising at least one compound C1 which is selected among the at least one epoxy group-containing olefinic elastomers, characterized in that the combination C also at least one tertiary amine contains C2, which is liquid at the processing temperature of the compositions (under atmospheric pressure).


The conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022 began with the intervention of the
Russian army into the sovereign territory of Ukraine without a declaration of war. Therefore, this conflict
must be categorized as whether it is included in a non-international armed conflict or an international armed
conflict in order to be able to resolve it. As a result, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is included in
the category of International Armed Conflict because it fulfils the conditions carried out by the state and the
intensity of attacks from combatants of the two countries.


Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the major pest of the South African sugarcane industry. Pest and Disease field teams based in each mill area of the industry monitor population levels and assess levels of damage in different parts of the industry. This information is used during the season to detect areas of high infestation that can be harvested to help reduce the detrimental effects of this pest. The survey data from 3 years of routine monitoring were summarized to show: (1) long-term population trends; (2) differences in cultivar susceptibility; (3) crop-age influences on E. saccharina. Additionally, these data provide baseline E. saccharina levels in different geographical localities within the industry. Generally, E. saccharina infestations are more serious in rain-fed areas than in irrigated sugarcane, some sugarcane cultivars are more susceptible than others, and infestations are usually higher in older crops. This paper illustrates the important points arising from the analysis of these survey data, and discusses the main factors that are known to influence infestation and damage levels of this pest in this industry. (Authors' abstract)


OBJECTIVES
A position paper to enhance understanding of:- the range of role developments within nursing in Scotland; the educational and managerial preparation planned and undertaken for the introduction of new nursing roles; the implications of new roles with regard to working practices, career development and organisational issues; the perceived benefits and drawbacks of new roles; the nature of role evaluations; plans for future development.

DESIGN
A survey of eighteen executive Nurse Directors across Scotland who were interviewed about new clinical roles for registered nursing staff currently being developed within their NHS Trust. A postal survey was also conducted including the remaining NHS Trusts in Scotland. A sampling framework was constructed based on: geographical location (at least one NHS Trust from each of the twelve Mainland Health Board areas was sampled); type of NHS Trust (sample was undertaken to include a representation of major teachinghospitals, district general hospitals and community and mental health services).

SETTING
NHS Trusts in Scotland. August-October 1995.

SUBJECTS
Executive Nurse Directors and in some settings Nurse Managers and nurses undertaking new roles in NHS Trusts in Scotland.

RESULTS
New roles identified for nurses fitted into two main categories:- additional skills which were new to existing roles; developing posts which incorporated many new skills. There were four types of developing posts:- Medical Support Nurses; Clinical Nurse Specialists; Advanced Practitioners; Practice Development Facilitators.

CONCLUSIONS
New roles for nurses were considered to be beneficial for patients, nurses and the organisation. Protocol usage and educational input into the new roles was variable. Formal evaluation was not well established at the time of the survey.


Background and Aims: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in children. The aim of this study was to identify various cardiac defects associated with TOF by transthoracic echocardiography. Methods: All children presenting to Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, with the diagnosis of TOF from 2014 to 2015 were included in the study. Echocardiograpic reports of all eighty eight children were reviewed. Results: The mean age of presentation was 3.5 } 3.9 years. Fifty six (64%) children were male and thirty two (36%) were female. Pulmonary artery anomaly was found in nine (10.2%) children which included hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, absent left pulmonary artery, post stenotic and aneurysmal dilatation of pulmonary artery. Pulmonary valve anomalies were seen in 13(14.8%) children which include pulmonary atresia, pin-hole opening of valve and bicuspid and absent pulmonary valve. Double outlet right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus/major aortico-pulmonary collaterals, atrial septal defect and persistent left superior venacava were present in 12 (13.6%), 21 (23.9%), 22 (22.7%) and nine (10.2%) respectively. Right sided aortic arch was seen in 20 (22.7%). Conclusion: TOF is associated with various anatomical variations which need to be identified to avoid surgical complications. These can be diagnosed by echocardiography which has greatly reduced the need for invasive cardiac catheterization for these patients. Nepalese Heart Journal 2015;12(2):65-68


The aim of this study was to understand the role of TiERF1 and RC7 genes in wheat defense response to take-all.Both genes were simultaneously transformed into wheat cultivar Yangmai 18.The resistance to talk-all in five transgenic lines were analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR methods,and evaluated by artificial inoculation in greenhouse and field tests.Scanning electron microscope technique was used to observe the morphology and number of the pathogen mycelia on the root surfaces of resistant transgenic and susceptible receptor wheat plants.The PCR assay showed that both TiERF1 and RC7 genes were integrated into the transgenic lines and inherited to the T3generation.The RT-PCR assay confirmed expressions of both genes in the transgenic lines.The results showed that five transgenic lines exhibited stable and efficient resistance to take-all with disease severity lower than10% at seedling stage in greenhouse and rate of white spike lower than 13% at maturity in field.In the contrast of Yangmai 18,the severity was 62.98%,rate of white spike was 26.09%.Electron microscope observation revealed that the number and growth tendency of hyphae on roots of the resistant transgenic wheat were significantly lower and weaker than those of the wild type.The expressions of TiERF1 and RC7 inhibit the growth of pathogen hyphae in the transgenic wheat plants,leading to improved resistance to take-all.


Investigators interviewed 16 local board chairs in North Carolina to glean their perspectives toward the ABCs legislation, a landmark reform package. We also assessed whether these chairs demonstrate the ability to conceptualize school policy within larger systemic policy frameworks. Two themes comprised our analysis of chair perspectives. First, our chairs reverberated the ubiquitous "dissatisfaction with government." Because the state bureaucratic machinery over the previous 15 years had not improved schools to the satisfaction of their clientele, the forthcoming autonomy for districts promised by the ABCs was viewed as a much-welcomed breath of fresh air for the local agency. Our second theme provided a paradox between centralization and decentralization forces within state policy. Decentralization meant loss of political protection traditionally provided by the state bureaucratic apparatus in Raleigh. This lack of organization buffering threatened to tilt the playing field in favor of parents as "smart shoppers" organized into self-interest groups over poorer parents lacking in political influence; in favor of larger districts over smaller districts in terms of district-level resources; and in favor of wealthy districts over poorer districts at least in terms of local ability to raise tax revenue. Five of these 16 chairs exhibited systemic thinking and positioned school reform within larger conceptual frameworks (community colleges, social agencies, and public attitudes toward marketplace competition). Casting reform as a vague dissatisfaction with the status quo, the other 11 chairs exhibited far less systems thinking. This assessment casts some doubt as to their leadership capacity in dealing with this study's emerging hypothesis: The very autonomy that systemic decentralization provides localities makes them potentially vulnerable to local activism across a state's political landscape and may result in inequities for certain groups.


It's important work for China's teacher education to develop the reform of teacher education.The reform of teacher education must be guided by scientific developing view,deepen all-roundly the reform of teacher education,advance the reform of training model,promote the professionalization of teacher education,deepen the reform of curriculum and teaching,improve teaching quality,optimize the teacher team and cultivate first-class teachers.


The load forecasting plays a more and more important role in the operation of the power system and the demand side. However, artificial intelligence techniques are complex in the short-term forecasting. For this purpose, this paper proposes the load forecasting model based on higher order partial least squares, which is much simpler than artificial intelligence techniques in complexity. Considering the nonlinear relationship between dependent variables and independent variables, an extended input tensor is employed in the load forecasting model. Finally, load data of year 2015 in the ISO New England is used to verify the rationality and feasibility of proposed method. Simulation results of four days that belong to four seasons separately have shown that the proposed model is very suitable for short-term load forecasting.


The objective of this paper is to evaluate the Egyptian privatisation programme in terms of firms' performance. By relaying on 15 years of data, which cover the period 1991/1992 till 2004/2005; this paper empirically investigates whether the operating efficiency of privatised firms improves following privatisation through comparing pre- and post-privatisation performance in terms of operating efficiency indicators, and level of employment. To reach the research objective, several statistical techniques, such as parametric t-test, the non-parametric and Wilcoxon signed-rank test are performed. The results from this analysis indicate clearly that there are significant increases in operating efficiency indicators as well as significant declines in the level of employment in the firms under investigation. Keywords: Privatisation, Performance Measures


a. The cross section of the cubital tunnel is increased with elbow flexion false b. The ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum approximately 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle false c. The arcade of Struthers arises around 8 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle true d. The anconeus epitrochlearis is a possible compression site true e. Electrophysological testing helps to localize the site of compression true


Identifying influential nodes in multilayer networks, such as networks in an LBSN, has attracted much attention because of its great theoretical significance and wide application. Existing methods are limited to a single network and don't consider some social environmental factors, such as social constraints and human motion. In this paper, firstly, we propose a geo-social multilayer with two layers including the online social network and geographic co-location weighted network. In this multilayer networks, the mutual user influence is calculated. Then, by comparing and analyzing the same influential spreaders on geosocial network, we seek a possible way to find influential nodes by combing social relationships and individual behaviors. Finally, Susceptible — Infected-Recovered (SIR) model is used to evaluate the ability to spread nodes. The experimental results show that our method is effective for detecting the node influence and the geographic influence is stronger than social influence.


An anodic bonding model of Si/SiO2-glass is established and demonstrated. In the theoretical part, charge movement in Si/SiO2-glass anodic bonding is studied in detail. On this basis, an equivalent circuit model of anodic bonding with SiO2 structure is established. By solving the corresponding Poisson equation, the formulas for the width of the depletion layer and the electrostatic force during Si/SiO2-glass anodic bonding are obtained. In addition, the breakdown mechanism of SiO2 in anodic bonding is explained with 1/E model, and the breakdown type of SiO2 is analyzed. In the experimental part, through the analysis of the anodic bonding curve, we have concluded that soft breakdown of SiO2 occurs in the Si/SiO2-glass structure for the first time. At a temperature of 340 °C, for SiO2 with a thickness of 2000 Å and 3400 Å, the soft breakdown voltages are measured as 223.4 V and 424.3 V, respectively. At the same time, through experiments of small-area bonding SiO2 structures, the torsional bonding strength of the Si-glass structure and Si/SiO2-glass structure are measured to be 4.14 GPa and 4.94 GPa, respectively. The proposed soft breakdown model of SiO2 provides a theoretical basis for reliable fabrication and package of MEMS devices.


The efficacy, safety, regulatory framework, and marketing of cosmetic products are the most important factors for the growth of the cosmetic industry. The safety of cosmetic goods is regulated by diverse regulatory bodies around the globe who all have their own rules and regulations. The regulations of cosmetics like, nomenclature, labeling, and safety of colorants(s) alter in different countries. Much stringent legislation exists in the European Union (EU) and The United States of America (USA) has very much stringent legislation in order to regulate the use of cosmetic products. The safety assessments of cosmetic products are affected by the different regulations of different regulatory bodies. Nevertheless, there is a need for harmonized regulations throughout the world. An attempt has been made in the present manuscript to compare the current regulatory scenario of cosmetics in the USA, EU, and India.

Most web searchable keywords
cosmetics regulation in India pdf, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian regulations, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian and EU regulations, cosmetic labeling requirements India, labeling requirements for cosmetics in India, cosmetic regulation in India, European fulfillment for cosmetics, the definition of cosmetics as per Indian regulation, the international nomenclature of cosmetic ingredients Slideshare, Indian cosmetic sector analysis 2011,


The nutritional requirements for the development in vitro of 2-celled mouse embryos into blastocysts have been extensively investigated by Brinster (1965a, b, c). It was found that most 2-celled embryos will develop normally in a culture medium consisting of bicarbonate-buffered Krebs-Ringer solution, containing bovine serum albumin as a protein source, and pyruvate and lactate as energy sources. Since there are always some 2-celled embryos which will not develop into blastocysts in this medium, the possibility exists that some other growth factors might increase the percentage of normally developing embryos. It is known that synthesis of DNA takes place throughout the cleavage stages and that RNA synthesis also occurs, especially after the 4-cell stage Thus it was thought that the addition of nucleic acid components to the culture medium might be beneficial for development. optimum determine dose-response relationships for the compounds, a series of four ten¬ fold dilutions made from each of the initial solutions. Embryos were cultured in the various


The air temperature is increased by global warming. The climate of the world is changing now. Since the 1992 Earth summit, the global community has found to mitigate the climate change. To reduce the energy consumption for building industry is becoming big issue. More over, CO₂emission is the other issue to solve the gloval warming. Especially, construction industry involve a more about 40% of natural resources consumption, 30% of energy consumption and 30 % of CO₂ emission. Recent researches discuss about energy consumption and CO₂emission. In this study, we simulate energy consumption two type of houses, normal house based on korea code, passive house. CO₂emission and energy consumption was calculate with survey-based approach. The CO₂emission of passive house is less than korea code house.


Belgium-based Mvslim.com is a citizen media platform that aims to create a space for Muslims and non-Muslims to contribute content dedicated to challenging stereotypical portrayals of Muslims in legacy media. Launched in 2015, this non-profit digital media startup claims to reach over 10 million unique visitors per month worldwide and is one example of a successful grassroots citizen media initiative that attracts and appeals to a global community. Based on a combination of content analysis and in-depth interviews with the platform's editors and contributors, this paper examines the citizen media practices used by the editorial team at Mvslim to foster participatory engagement amongst contributors and connect Muslims and non-Muslims. Theoretically, the study takes the practice approach proposed by Stephansen, which enables us to understand "what citizen media do" not only as news-making practices, but also as "public-making practices". We argue that digitally native citizen media platforms like Mvslim are blurring the boundaries of journalism, as they can fulfil democratic functions once limited to legacy media.


In the response by roots to gravity it is known that the region of perception is in the root cap (J), while the response occurs in the region of cellular elongation a few millimeters behind the root cap. From analogies with stems it has often been assumed that auxin, specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), constitutes the chemical message transported from the root tip to the growing zone. This proposal would require that IAA be synthesized at the root apex. The identification of IAA synthesis in the root is thus a long sought goal, whose discovery might provide a possible solution to the problem of the mediation of the geotropic response. The presence of IAA in roots has been debated (2). Recently Gibbons and Wilkins (3) reported evidence for the export of some inhibitory substance by the root cap. While this might be a completely different compound the data do not rule out the involvement of IAA in supraoptimal concentrations. The detection of IAA in roots has been claimed on the basis of bioassays of chromatograms of root extracts (see 4), and chemical detection on a chromatogram (5) of extracted "diffusible" auxin, though the significance of these results is open to question, because non-sterile plant material was used. As it has been shown that much IAA production in non-sterile plants is due to epiphytic bacteria (5) the use of a sterile system is essential. The occurrence of auxin activity in cultured roots was shown to increase after one week in culture (7, 8). The auxin was, however, not proven to be IAA, and, in addition, could have been produced from the breakdown of some auxin conjugate rather than by auxin synthesis. By the use of an IAA precursor, L-tryptophan, we are now able to report the detection of IAA synthesis in sterile roots. The formation of IAA from tryptophan in sterile shoots (9) has been well established. We therefore treated root tips with high specific activity L-tryptophan3H and analyzed the roots for any IAA produced. The tryptophan was chromatographed using the systems described below and was found to contain about 5%


We study the problem of how an agent that negotiates over multiple issues with an opponent can make offers given that it has incomplete information about the user it represents and the opponent it plays against. To tackle this problem, we take a multi-objective optimization stance, where the negotiating agent estimates the preferences of both user and opponent to generate bids that are (near) Pareto-optimal. However, since the negotiating agent needs to approximate the actual preferences of two parties, uncertainty is involved. To handle this uncertainty, we propose a fuzzy approach consisting of a two-phase Pareto-bid generation step where Phase-I generates the non-dominated solutions using a fuzzy multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, and Phase II ranks them to find the best bid to offer the opponent using a fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making method. Rigorous experimentation shows that the hybrid fuzzy approach of generating the (near) Pareto-optimal bids reduces the average distance to the Pareto curve and increases the average joint or social welfare utility of the agents leading to "win-win" situations.


This paper studies the relationship between India's real exchange rate and its trade balance with her major trading partners using quarterly trade data for 15 countries over the period 1975 Q1-2011 Q1. Apart from oft used bilateral trade model we use Pooled Mean Group estimator of Pesaran and Smith (1995) to get direct estimates of long term income and real exchange rate elasticities. We find that real exchange rate depreciation is positively associated with the trade balance in the long run. At the same time real exchange rate volatility is negatively correlated with India's trade balance in the long run.


Super-Kamiokande (SK), a 50 kton water Cherenkov detector in Japan, observes 8 B solar neutri- nos through neutrino-electron elastic scattering. SK searches for distortions of the solar neutrino energy spectrum caused by the edge of the MSW resonance in the core of the sun. It also searches for a day-night solar neutrino flux asymmetry induced by the matter in the Earth. The installation of new front-end electronics in 2009 marks the beginning of the 4th phase of SK (SK-IV). This phase achieved the lowest energy threshold thus far (3.5 MeV kinetic energy). SK observed solar neutrinos for 18 years, that is about 1.5 solar activity cycles. Our analysis of a possible cor- relation between solar neutrino flux and 11 year activity cycle will be presented. The combined energy spectrum and the day-night solar neutrino flux asymmetry from SK-I to SK-IV will be presented. A global oscillation analysis using SK-I,II,III, and SK-IV data and combined with the results of other solar neutrino experiments as well as KamLAND reactor experiment has been carried out. The results of this global analysis will be presented as well.


This paper evaluates a social information retrieval system where users can query each other for information. The approached user can reply to queries ('manual mode scenario') based on her knowledge. In addition, a social product search scenario is evaluated, where results are enriched with items bought or viewed by a social peer group ('social product search scenario'). Each scenario is tested with more than 120 participants. Our findings suggest that asking others reveals relevant results. The injection of socially motivated result items in result list for product queries did not increase quality. Users share more private information using strong ties. In addition, a reactive sharing pattern (which does not rely on previously published material, but queries directly using a pull regime) increases the amount of data for social information retrieval. The majority of questions covered recommendations in media, travel, technology, and food and personal opinions on technology-related topics and travel.


SARS-Cov-2 is a novel coronavirus that is believed to have
emerged from the wet markets in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China
late in December 2019. The spread of this virus was soon declared
to be a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, with nearly 1
million cases reported worldwide by 31st March 2020 [1]. Those
who contract the virus can go on to develop coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) – with symptoms commonly presenting as
fever, dry cough and associated fatigue [2]. These symptoms can
progress to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain
or pressure, loss of speech or movement [3]. The high risk of
mortality and morbidity of this illness has resulted in worldwide
awareness and control campaigns, resulting in varying levels of
movement restriction and containment measures implemented to
reduce the rate of transmission of SARS-Cov-2.


The demand for the study of Russian statehood is determined by the factors of further national state building. The article demonstrates the breadth of views and the range of discussion topics related to the transformation of statehood using specific combinations of existing statehood, principles, and rules for the exercise of sovereignty. The authors analyze examples of ambiguity and inconsistency of opinions about statehood as a phenomenon. The article identifies the main vectors for determining and clarifying the future positions and essences of Russian statehood in each historical period.


Cognition is the way we use mental skills to acquire knowledge, manipulate ideas, and process new information and beliefs. The Strategic Thinking Questionnaire (STQ), which measures three such skills – systems thinking – reframing – reflection, was used to collect data from students preparing for school leadership roles at four universities in the United States (USA), Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. It was thought that the use of these skills might vary from country to country because of western and eastern cultural norms. Based on self-reported data from 328 educators preparing for school leadership roles we concluded that the use of strategic thinking skills were found in all locations but the variance in their use is more a function of age of respondents, and gender rather than location. These findings have implications for training, professional development, and selection of aspiring leaders.


c Throughput plays a key role in data communications over a wireless link. In this paper, we use adaptive modulation for a cooperative relaying system with the goal of maximizing the data throughput. We compare the throughput performance of three different schemes with adaptive mod-dation: Direct transmission, multihop and coded cooperation. We find that cooperation with adaptive modulation provides large throughput improvement over multihop and direct transmissions. We also observe that to maximize the data throughput in direct transmission and multihop, the modulation mode for each hop only depends on the channel quality from the transmitter to the receiver. However, in coded cooperation a system wide optimization is necessary.


Discrete-time CNN systems are studied in this paper by the application of Chua's local activity principle. These systems are locally active everywhere except for one isolated parameter value. As a result, nonhomogeneous spatiotemporal patterns may be induced by any initial setting of the CNN system when the strength of the system diffusion coupling exceeds a critical threshold. The critical coupling coefficient can be derived from the loaded cell impedance of the CNN system. Three well-known 1D map CNN's (namely, the logistic map CNN, the magnetic vortex pinning map CNN, and the spiral wave reproducing map CNN) are introduced to illustrate the applications of the local activity principle. In addition, we use the cell impedance to demonstrate the period-doubling scenario in the logistic and the magnetic vortex pinning maps.


The electronic of S-doped and N-doped anatase TiO2(001) surfaces were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). Substitutional and interstitial configurations of N and S atoms doped in anatase TiO2 (001) surface and sub-surface at different sites were considered and all the formation energies were obtained. The perfect strutures of atoms doping were obstained by formation energies comparisions. The electronic structures of the results indicated that the elemental doping has much more efficient and stable photocatalyst than the pristine one, which narrowed the band gap of TiO2 and improved its visible-light response activity.


The present invention relates to the preparation method that a kind of Ah handkerchief replaces Buddhist nun.Specifically, this method refines crystallization from organic solvent and obtains Ah handkerchief for Buddhist nun.This method is easy to operate, and cost is low, is suitable for large-scale production.


Nowadays maritime transportation has become a major modern logistics because of its large capacity and low cost. English plays a leading role in the industry of maritime transportation. It is the most important medium and an indispensable communication tool in international business and global marine industry. Maritime English teaching has made some progress in China since 1990s. However, the applications of modern educational technology in maritime English teaching are still at its preliminary stage when compared to its current status abroad. Research on maritime English teaching has been very limited. This has raised a realistic question on current maritime English teaching: how can we improve maritime English teaching so that more people can be trained to be more competent in international business and trade.


A barrier island is a sandy deposit that is located immediately offshore and parallels a mainland coast. It is the principal environment of six interactive environments that make up the barrier island system (Oertel, 1985). Coastal processes involving winds, waves and tides mold and shape the morphological characteristics of barrier islands. These processes and the recent rise in sea level make barrier islands extremely mobile. This paper attempts to evaluate the processes effecting natural ecological balances and other human stresses that may affect the birdlife community structure.


Motivation and emotion share a common theme: Both occur as a function of or in the presence of a valued object or goal. Investing attention, effort, and time into a particular goal implies value; emotioneliciting stimuli imply that the appraiser is not indifferent to that object. In this chapter, we review implications for motivation and emotion for ethnic groups in the United States. Considering motivation and emotion is a matter of elucidating differences in how members of each ethnic group may perceive different goals, priorities, and judgments in their environments. We provide a summary of the dominant theoretical frameworks in each domain that draws on research conducted in the United States and elsewhere, with the belief that these frameworks shed light on universal processes that have unique manifestations in each ethnic group. Although the intent is to focus on ethnic groups in the United States, because we draw from universal processes, much of the discussion here may apply to other countries, especially those with a Western majority.


Permission-based verification logics such as separation logic have led to the development of many practical verification tools over the last decade. Verifiers employ the separating conjunction A ∗ B to elegantly handle aliasing problems, framing, race conditions, etc. Introduced along with the separating conjunction, the magic wand connective, written A −∗ B, can describe hypothetical modifications of the current state, and provide guarantees about the results. Its formal semantics involves quantifying over states: as such, the connective is typically not supported in automatic verification tools. Nonetheless, the magic wand has been shown to be useful in by-hand and mechanised proofs, particularly for specifying loop invariants and partial data structures. In this paper, we show how to integrate support for the magic wand into an automatic verifier, requiring low specification overhead from the tool user. We present additional features to make the magic wand interact elegantly with abstract predicates, abstraction functions and "old" expressions. Our solution is compatible with a variety of logics and underlying implementation techniques. Our approach is implemented, and a prototype is available to download.


The most recent video coding standard H.264 has adopted context-based adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) as the entropy coding tool in the baseline profile. By combining an adaptive variable-length coding technique with context modeling, we can achieve a high degree of redundancy reduction. However, CAVLC in H.264 has a weakness that the correct prediction rate of the variable-length coding (VLC) table is low. In this paper, we propose a new VLC table prediction scheme considering multiple reference blocks; the block at the same position in the previous frame and neighboring blocks of the current block in the current frame, and weighting values considering quantization parameter (QP). Based on the correctness of the VLC table prediction depending on QP values for each reference block, we determine weighting values. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm increases the correct prediction rate of the VLC table by 7.18 % and reduces bit rates by 0.78 %, compared to the H.264 algorithm.


The aim of this study is to let an apparel business entrepreneur recognize the initiatives, challenges, channels, business and marketing strategy to start up a new apparel store. This investigation has been conducted by benchmarking marketing and business strategy of UNIQLO through BPM, SWOT Analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model in order to initiate a new retail shop. The BPM model scrutinizes the whole process of the organization like customer needs, management processes, core processes, support processes etc. in order to improve continuously. The whole process to build an apparel retail store as well as facilitate an entrepreneur to detect a way to establish an outstanding brand has been demonstrated by this model. Furthermore, a framework has been delivered by 'Marketing Mix' consisting of 4 elements: Product, Price, Place, Promotion to manage the market and cause it one into a business context. This research is a qualitative based study to explore the object in a reasonable manner. In this qualitative study, primary data are obtained through an interview with related respondents. Business goals, success factors, critical success factors, measurable process controls have been determined for the proposed apparel retail showroom. As sustainability plays a vital role to strengthen the brand image around the world, the probable means to generate it has also been conferred. Keywords: BPM, location agnostic, apparels, retail-store, fitting room, omni-channel. DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/12-2-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2020


With financial support from the Arts Council of Wales/ National Lottery. Interviews with Ivor Davies; Shirley Cameron and Roland Miller; T.E.Jones, J.C.Jones and A.Knight; and Anthony Howell.


The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of motivation on student interest in accounting to follow an Accounting Profession Education . This study population is a student majoring in Accounting S1 semester 7 which is still active in the College of North Sumatra. T he total study sample amounted to 225 sample from four Universities, namely USU, UNIMED, UDA, and UNIKA. The variables used are quality motivation, career motivation, and economic motivation as an independent variables, and the interest of students to follow an Accounting Profession Education as the dependent variables. The research data obtained by using a questionnaire and then analyzed with multiple regression analysis method. Simultant (F-test) and Partial testing (T-Test) have been used to hypothesis testing. The result of this research shows that quality motivation, career motivation, and economic motivation simultaneously influence toward accounting students proclivity to follow an Accounting Profession Education. The partially quality economic not significant influence toward accounting students proclivity to follow an Accounting Profession Education, but quality motivation and career motivation influence toward accounting students proclivity to follow an Accounting Profession Education.


In this paper, we mainly investigate the uniqueness problem on meromorphic functions in C sharing small functions with their difference operators or shifts, and we obtain some interesting results that act as some extensions of previous results from one complex variable to several complex variables.


for an early society, but that this fact has not very much to do with either the Hebrews or the other ancient nations at the stage of development they had reached by the age of our earliest documents. When parallels to Hebrew law are sought from that of Rome, the comparisons are sometimes apt, though it is startling to find vestigii minaiio used repeatedly as if it were a term of classical jurisprudence (vestigium minare is Salic law-Latin for raising the hue and cry) and dbiurare discussed without reference to the Thesaurus (pp. 201 if., 228 ff.). The long disquisition on Gaius iii. 183 ff., with which the book concludes is largely vitiated by a perverse misinterpretation (p. 280) of the text of 192,193.


ABSTRACT The Aerosizer® is becoming widely used as a rapid method for obtaining aerodynamic particle size distributions of aerosols from pMDIs and associated drug delivery devices, as an alternative to more time-consuming methods such as cascade impactors or liquid impingers. It is typically used with purpose-built attachments for sampling the aerosol in a simulated inhalation (AeroBreather®), and subsequently diluting the sample to the point at which individual particles are separately measured (AeroDiluter®). It is possible to obtain an indication of aerosol mass concentration (mass loading), although such data do not necessarily equate to active drug concentration because the technique does not involve a specific chemical assay. Data are presented that indicate that the performance of the Aerosizer® system may be more drug-specific than had previously been thought. In particular, certain pMDIs appear to create such highly concentrated aerosols that meaningful interpretation of mass loading data may not...


Capillary discharge plasmas have been widely used in many fields. This paper investigates the influence of different explosion wire materials on the radiative heat flux and spectral characteristics. Three kinds of wire (aluminum, copper and nickel) with 0.3 mm diameter were used as initiation wires to produce an electrothermal plasma, with a capacitor charging voltage of 3 kV. A thin-film calorimeter with high response speed was used for the measurement of the radiative heat flux. At the same time, spectral analysis was performed using a spatially resolved spectrometer with an ICCD. Based on the results, the electrical energy transported to the plasma that is calculated from the voltage and current traces follows the order Cu  >  Al  >  Ni, while the radiative heat flux follows the order Al  >  Cu  >  Ni. The trends can be explained by the secondary combustion (chemical reaction with the air) of Al and the fact that the dissipated energy is smaller than the vaporization energy for Ni but larger for Al and Cu, resulting in a bad performance in jet heat flux due to the incomplete vaporization of Ni wires. For the Cu and Al cases, a four-stage evolution process of the emitted radiation, which describes the emission, absorption and decay processes, can be found from the spectral analysis.


Abstract Drawing on national survey data, this article analyzes the relationship between student demographics, political ideology, educational expenses, and group experiences in college and support for wealth redistribution. Findings show that liberal/leftist political ideologies, financing college through on-campus work and loans, and participation in racial/ethnic organizations in college positively predict student support for raising taxes on the wealthy. Right-wing ideologies, working off-campus, having parental financial support, and playing intercollegiate sports are noteworthy negative predictors. Implications for higher education administrators and the political discourse are discussed.


Abstract : This report discussed the fundamental theory, algorithms, and prototype tools for the synthesis of embedded safety-critical software for multi-core embedded platforms as well as to initiate planned technology transfer to a Department of Defense (DoD) vender company. The techniques and tools developed during project execution will enable the production of embedded safety -critical software with improved quality and performance, decreases in cost and development times, automation of labor-intensive and error -prone processes, increased reliability, and easier integration and sustainment.


ZrO2 nanoparticles were produced by high current electrical arc discharge of zirconium electrodes in deionized (DI) water. A mixture of nanocrystalline ZrO2 monoclinic and tetragonal phase form based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) result indicates that the size of the particles increases by increasing the arc current. Absorption spectroscopy of the samples shows a red shift on absorption edge by increasing the arc current. Band gap of the produced ZrO2 nanoparticles at 10 A arc current corresponds to 5.4 eV, which decreases to 5 eV by increasing the arc current up to 20 A.


CBP Form CBP-3461 and Form-3461 Alternate are used by importers to provide CBP with the necessary information in order to examine and release imported cargo for entry into the United States. Current Actions: This submission is being made to extend the expiration date. Type of Review: Extension (with change). Affected Public: Business or other for- profit institutions.


Culture is the basis of morality,and urban culture is a harmonious city's basis. Looking for the intersection of urban culture and urban construction would do good to improving the quality of urban people and enhancing a city's comprehensive competitiveness. The researches about the construction path of harmonious urban culture should reflect the unity of theories and practice,revisit the image of urban culture in a down-to-earth manner,and explore the cultural construction of a harmonious urban reform and development in multiple perspectives. The harmonious urban culture creates a compatible and open atmosphere of urban culture for the harmonious urban construction,so as to make the harmonious city be an ideal home for people living and working in it.


Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of changes in plasma endothelin (ET) levels in infants with severe pneumonia complicated by acute congestive heart failure.Methods:Plasma ET and calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) levels (radioimmunoassay) and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) were measured in 26 patients.Results:The results showed that the plasma ET levels significantly increased but plasma CGRP levels and PaO 2 significantly decreased in the critical stage group of heart failure compared with its convalescence group ( n= 26),mild bronchopneumonia group ( n= 20) and normal controls ( n= 16,all P 0 01).No significant differences in plasma ET,CGRP levels and PaO 2 were observed among those groups in convalescence,mild bronchopneumonia,and normal controls(all P 0 05).There was a significant negative correlation between plasma ET and CGRP levels ( P 0 01) in the critical stage of heart failure,and also between plasma ET and PaO 2 ( P 0 01).Conclusions:The findings suggest that the increase in plasma ET level may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the severe pneumonia complicated by acute congestive heart failure in infants.The elevation of plasma ET level seems to be related to the decrease of plasma CGRP level and the decrease of PaO 2.


Shunt reactors are key components on transmission systems for voltage control. They are switched frequently by system operators depending on the system voltage requirements. Unlike normal loads which have a power factor close to unity, shunt reactors have a phase angle difference of 90° between the voltage and current. Therefore, switching present's difficulties for both system components and the reactor circuit breaker. Long dc offsets in the current waveform occur during energization and the potential occurrence of re-ignitions across the separating circuit breaker contacts during de-energization, result in chopping over voltages across the shunt reactor. This paper focuses on the benefits of the installation of two 50 Mvar shunt reactors on major city's 220 kV transmission system and how controlled switching can mitigate any negative impacts to the system or plant that can arise during switching.


In clinical practice, vasculitides are often regarded as extremely rare diseases, that unfortunately sometimes residents and fellows are discouraged to give much attention to these disorders, instead they ought to prioritize more common diseases in their studies. Vasculitis is a group of heterogeneous and protean disorders that pose as a major challenge for internists and physicians from different medical specialties. Diagnosing a vasculitis may also be an important challenge for rheumatologists who are not familiar with this fascinating group of multi organ/system diseases.


Abstract : This paper explores the development and impact of new visually coupled system (VCS) equipment designed to support engineering and human factors research in the military aircraft cockpit environment. VCS represents an advanced man-machine interface (MMI), whose superiority over the conventional cockpit MMI has not been established in a conclusive and rigorous fashion. What has been missing is a "systems" approach to technology advancement that is comprehensive enough to produce conclusive results concerning the operational viability of the VCS concept and verify any risk factors which might be involved with its general use in the cockpit. The overall system concept and the design of one important subsystem, a new militarized version of the magnetic helmet mounted sight, are discussed in detail. Significant emphasis is given to illustrating how particular design features in the hardware improve overall system performance and support research activities.