The aim of increasing the quality of health care has led to the development of a number of "guideline†systems whereby clinicians receive assistance in decision making in a given care context — for example in areas such as prescribing or therapeutics. These guidelines range in complexity and functionality from simple textual references through to executable modules which can subsume some of the clinical decision making process. In the latter case, ensuring consistent and interoperable engagement between the guideline engine, clinical information system and patient record can become problematic. Critical areas include vocabulary and terminology (in differing use contexts) and the interfaces and interaction between different sub-systems where traditional approaches have been focussed on tightly coupling of sub-systems and in the generation of special purpose "glue†languages and logic. In this paper, we briefly describe an approach to clinical, information and service modelling. This approach uses tools and techniques gaining increasing acceptance in the e-commerce domain, which shares many of the technical and interoperability problems present in e-health.


Th is paper analyzes the situation of social network and religion related researches in North America. Th e goal was to fi nd the instances of the applications of social network analysis related theory and methods on behalf of researchers of religion. Th e works were selected based on their usage of the social network method, social network theory and the research of diff erent aspects of the religious fi eld. Th e fi ndings based on the review have shown that the links between social actors are being theorized in the articles, and there are measures introduced to map these links. Most reviewed articles were building on empirical methods, diff erent survey researches concerning diff erent characteristics of the social networks.


Single crystals of gray tin have been grown by the method of Ewald from a mercury solution. The reflection coefficient of a surface of growth has been measured in the fundamental absorption region. The reflectivity shows two maxima as in other semiconductors with diamond and zinc-blende structure. The lower energy maximum exhibits a doublet structure. The energy at which this maximum occurs is interpreted as the energy gap at the $L$ point of the Brillouin zone. The energy separation of the doublet components gives the spin-orbit splitting of the valence band at the $L$ point. From the measured value of the $L$ gap the transverse effective mass at the bottom of the conduction band is estimated to be $0.06 m$. Several general conclusions about the systematics of the band structure in all semiconductors with diamond and zinc-blende structure are presented.


This study aimed to determine the increase in astaxanthin production from Paracoccus haeundaensis by optimizing the medium conditions and co-culturing with lactic acid bacteria. In order to select a suitable strain to co-culture with P. haeundaensis, several strains were co-cultured with P. haeundaensis. Lactobacillus fermentum was selected as the optimal strain. Further to optimize the astaxanthin production in the co-culture, various medium conditions were tested and the PMF medium developed in this study was selected as the optimum medium. For the co-culture under optimal conditions, the dried cell mass and astaxanthin concentration were 1.84 ± 0.09 g/L and 821.09 ± 30.98 μg/g-dried cell weight, respectively, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the P. haeundaensis strain in the Luria-Bertani broth medium. In order to confirm the transcription level of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes such as crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, crtZ, and crtW of P. haeundaensis in the co-culture, real-time qPCR was performed. Among the six carotenoid biosynthesis genes, crtI, crtY, and crtZ showed a significant difference in relative RNA levels. The mass culture was performed using a 5 L jar fermenter and the astaxanthin concentration was the same as that at the laboratory scale. These results may be used as reference for co-culture and astaxanthin production in carotenoid biosynthesis microorganisms.


Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are considered potent noxious stimuli which provoke haemodynamic responses leading to a marked increase in heart rate and blood pressure. These events are especially detrimental in individuals who have limited myocardial reserve due to coronary artery disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, congestive heart failure, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and geriatric age group. Hence, it is mandatory to take measures to attenuate these pressor responses. Material and methods: A total of 90 patients undergoing surgeries requiring general anaesthesia for more than 30 minutes were enrolled in this comparative study of preoperative pregabalin and melatonin for attenuation of haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. The patients were randomly assigned in equal numbers to Group P (n=30) – receiving pregabalin 150 mg group, Group M (n=30) – receiving melatonin 6 mg group and Group C (n=30) – receiving placebo drug 120 minutes before surgery. The study groups were then evaluated for efficacy as premedication for attenuation of haemodynamic responses and post operative sedation. Results: It was observed that in the control group, there was a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure at laryngoscopy and intubation and persisted till 10 minutes post‐intubation. In melatonin group, there was an insignificant increase in heart rate at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation which however settled within1minute post‐intubation and the blood pressure remained stable throughout . At induction, all haemodynamic parameters showed significant increase in pregabalin group which started receding 1minute post-induction and at 10 minutes after induction these parameters returned back to normal values. Conclusion: Premedication with oral pregabalin (150 mg) and oral melatonin (6 mg) before surgery can be safely used to attenuate haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation with acceptable levels of sedation.


The lifetime of additional photoinjected electron—hole pairs in intrinsic InSb at 291 K is investigated by measuring the photoconductive (PC) decay. Apart from studying the usual PC-decay an arrangement is used with superimposed magnetic field transverse to the electric field. Depending on the direction of the magnetic field the photoinjected plasma is either driven into the sample's bulk or travels parallel to the illuminated surface. The Auger-lifetime is evaluated from the measurements by a numerical magnetohydrodynamical simulation taking into account surface recombination as well as the Suhl profile of the intrinsic plasma. A lifetime of τ = (57 ± 3) ns is found which is independent of the magnetic field up to 2.3 T.

Die Lebensdauer photoinjizierter Elektron—Loch-Paare wird in eigenleitendem InSb bei einer Temperatur von 291 K uber das Abklingen der Photoleitung bestimmt. Neben Untersuchungen mit der ublichen Konfiguration wird ein zusatzliches transversales magnetisches Feld benutzt. Je nach Richtung dieses Feldes kann so das photoinjizierte Plasma durch die Lorentzkraft in die Probe hineingetrieben oder parallel zur beleuchteten Oberflache verschoben werden. Die Auger-Lebensdauer wird durch eine numerische, magnetohydrodynamische Simulation der Experimente bestimmt. Dabei werden die Oberflachenrekombination und das Suhl-Profil des eigenleitenden Plasmas berucksichtigt. Es ergibt sich eine Lebensdauer von (57 ± 3) ns, die im untersuchten Bereich von 0 bis 2,3 T unabhangig vom magnetischen Feld ist.


If a signal is known to have a sparse representation with respect to a frame, it can be estimated from a noise-corrupted observation by finding the best sparse approximation to. Removing noise in this manner depends on the frame efficiently representing the signal while it inefficiently represents the noise. The mean-squared error (MSE) of this denoising scheme and the probability that the estimate has the same sparsity pattern as the original signal are analyzed. First an MSE bound that depends on a new bound on approximating a Gaussian signal as a linear combination of elements of an overcomplete dictionary is given. Further analyses are for dictionaries generated randomly according to a spherically-symmetric distribution and signals expressible with single dictionary elements. Easily-computed approximations for the probability of selecting the correct dictionary element and the MSE are given. Asymptotic expressions reveal a critical input signal-to-noise ratio for signal recovery.


A copper(II)-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction between N-hydroxyphthalimide and unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds of alkanes and ethers using Selectfluor as an oxidant is described. This efficient reaction system shows mild conditions and a broad substrate scope for the generation of O-substituted N-hydroxyphthalimide derivatives.


other factors that accelerate inflammation indirectly). Our study suffers several limitations. Demographic differences between the study groups, as indicated above, may have influenced our univariate analysis. Nonetheless, this limitation was addressed by the multivariate analysis. Additionally, we could not discriminate between different types of diabetes. In spite of these limitations our observations add important data that may affect the management of diabetic patients with psoriasis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated better glycaemic control in diabetic patients with psoriasis compared with diabetic patients without psoriasis. Adding our observation to the higher rates of complications recently observed in diabetic patients with psoriasis may hypothetically support a theory of an additive inflammatory impact of both psoriasis and diabetes in patients with both conditions.


Let $g$ be a dimension function. The Generalised Baker-Schmidt Problem (1970) concerns the $g$-dimensional Hausdorff measure ($\HH^g$-measure) of the set of $\psi$-approximable points on non-degenerate manifolds. The problem relates the `size' of the set of $\psi$-approximable points with the convergence or divergence of a certain series. There are two variants of this problem, concerning simultaneous and dual approximation. In the dual settings, the divergence case has been established by Beresnevich--Dickinson--Velani (2006) for any non-degenerate manifold. The convergence case, however, represents the major challenging open problem and progress thus far has been effectuated in limited cases only. In this paper, we discuss and prove several results on $\HH^g$-measure on non-degenerate planar curves. We prove that the monotonicity assumption on the multivariable approximating function cannot be removed for planar curves. This is in contrast to the problem on hypersurfaces, in dimensions greater than $2$, where it has been recently proven to be unnecessary [arXiv:1803.02314]. For the single valued approximating functions, along with many other results which improve the existence understanding of the GBSP on planar curves, we further address the GBSP for the case of Veronese curves in any dimension $n$, and provide a generalisation of a recent result of Pezzoni (arXiv:1809.09742).


The solution of the geodetic boundary value problem for determining the anomalous potential from gravity measurements in the spherical approximation, taking into account the relief and compression, was developed in sufficient detail in 1960 and is also based on the results of G. G. Stokes. Flattening of the reference surface was taken into account by D. V. Zagrebin in several works dated 1940–1970; in 1956 M. S. Molodensky proposed a simpler method for an oblate ellipsoid, based on the already known one for a sphere. It turned out that at the very beginning of developing the mentioned solution, an error was made when obtaining the derivative of the reciprocal distance between two points on the ellipsoid in the direction of the outward normal; later it was repeated in issue 131 of the Proceedings of the TsNIIGAiK. That inaccuracy did not influence the conclusions of V. V. Brovar in 1996 and 1999, where the relief was added to the consideration of compression. This solution of Molodensky's problem, taking the compression into account, was seldom used, and that is probably why the mistake went unnoticed. V. V. Popadyev saw it and found the correct expression for the mentioned derivative, I. I. Mezhenova adapted subsequent conclusions for the gravity disturbances.


Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience a multitude of health disparities and barriers to access care, including lack of knowledgeable health care providers and experiences of discrimination and victimization in health care settings. As future health care professionals, health professions students need preparation to deliver culturally competent, equitable care to members of the LGBT community. Because the attitudes of health care professionals are important determinants in achieving patient-centered care, the purpose of the study was to explore attitudes toward the LGBT population and influencing factors of attitudes among nursing, mental health counseling, physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and pharmacy students. A cross-sectional, online survey measured a purposive sample (N=687) of pre-licensure students' attitudes using the modified Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men (ATLG) scale. Findings suggested students' attitudes were predominantly favorable toward the LGBT population as a whole. Department (p=.162) and year of study (p=.103) were not statistically significant; however, political view (p<.001), religiosity (p<.001), and attitudes between heterosexual/straight and non-heterosexual/non-straight students (p<.001) were significant. Democrat and independent/other students held more positive attitudes in comparison to Republican students. The more important religion was to students, the more negative their attitudes and vice versa. Non-heterosexual/non-straight students' attitudes were significantly more positive than heterosexual/straight students' attitudes. Overall, findings suggest an opportunity exists to include more LGBT-specific content in departments' curricula as well as learning experiences to foster greater awareness of students' attitudes. Future research assessing faculty attitudes and readiness to address LGBT health is recommended.


In order to bridge the gap between high quality micro channel fabrications and micromilling processes, experimental studies have been conducted. First, single-factor experimental study has been conducted to identify the reasonable ranges of key process parameters considering the size effect in microcutting. Second, Taguchi method has been applied to conduct orthogonal experiments for the optimisation of micromilling process parameters. It shows that the importance order in sequence on the surface roughness is the axial depth of cut ap, the feed fz, and the radial depth of cut ae. Then, the regression equation has been introduced to predict the surface roughness according to the key process parameters. Third, three up/down micromilling modes together with two kinds of cutter entry positions have been experimentally studied. It shows the microfluidic channel is better to be micromilled by the commensurate sized micro end mills and the open-end microchannel design is preferred.


The abandonment of a paternalistic attitude toward medical treatment in favour of an approach more attuned to patient autonomy and quality of dying has led to an increased interest towards advanced end-of-life instructions. Complying with these instructions, however, presents a number of practical difficulties for healthcare providers. This analysis focuses both on the obligation to respect end-of-life advanced directives and wishes in Quebec law, as well as on the various factors that enable one to determine whether or not a decision to respect, or not to respect, such instructions is reasonable.


Abstract The national Folk Festival (NFF) is a premier annual tourist event in Canberra, Australia. The NFF management team of six paid and six volunteer workers relies on over 1400 volunteers to provide the services required at the NFF. Many of these are regular volunteers who combine volunteering at the NFF with a vacation. Using an interpretive research perspective and a process of narrative inquiry, this study explores the motivational factors of a group of solo female 'grey nomads' who are regular volunteers at the NFF and also members of the solo grey nomads group. Data was obtained from loosely structured in‐depth interviews, overt personal observation during two NFF festivals, and content analysis of the Solo Grey Nomads online forum. The data indicated that there are a number of key themes related to motivational factors among this group of volunteers that apply both to their membership of the solo grey nomads group and to volunteering at the NFF. These were the social benefits provided by the camaraderie and security in being part of a larger, supportive group; the self‐esteem provided by being a valued participant in activities of the group; 'insider enjoyment'; and pride in achievement.


As the whole trajectory planning of ballistic missile are difficult in the following aspects: changed widely in flight area, different phase linked complicated, control variables coupled largely, different phases have different objective function. In this paper, a method of maneuvering trajectory planning based on piecewise Radau pseudo-spectral method (RPM) is proposed to solve the problem of full trajectory optimization. Firstly, the dynamic model of maneuvering trajectory in different phase are built, as well as the constraints. Then, to satisfy the demand of penetration, several maneuvering strategies are designed, including changing the launch plane in boost phase, large-scale maneuvering during the mid-course trajectory and maneuvering against interception during the terminal phase. To evaluate the effect of the maneuverings in different trajectory phases, the optimal control problem is established based on pseudo-spectral method. After that, the full trajectory are got through connecting conditions, and the corresponding objective function is obtained by weighting average of several different objective functions, thus realizing the whose maneuvering trajectory programming. Lastly, choosing Minuteman III missile for trajectory optimization simulation, the results show that the ability of trajectory maneuvering in different phase can be made full use of by the whole phase trajectory maneuvering optimization method, and the full trajectory optimization results are better than the trajectory maneuverings in mid-course phase only.


This paper proposes a novel method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which can keep the user's objective performance even under very low carrier to noise power ratio (CNR) and severe frequency selective fading conditions at the cost of a reduction in the information transmission speed. A salient feature of the proposed method is that the process of coherent summation of the repeated data during demodulation is carried out by downsampling the received signal with a sampling interval that does not satisfy the sampling theorem. The ratio of downsampling is selected purposely at the receiver with a value larger than the maximum sampling interval indicated by the sampling theorem so as the subcarriers containing repeated data in the frequency domain would fold over coherently as many times as the number of data repetitions. The proposed OFDM system makes it possible to reduce the size of the FFT processor used at the demodulator, and can be realized on the basis of conventional OFDM modulator and demodulator.


Conventional (CTEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of Ag/SiO2 and Ag/TiO2 catalysts were combined with reaction studies of the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to examine the influence of the silver particle size on activity and selectivity toward the unsaturated alcohol. Nanostructural features of the catalysts, as their silver particle size distribution, mean particle size, and dispersion were markedly dependent on the preparation method. For silica-supported Ag catalysts the selectivity to the unsaturated alcohol was found to be (59 ± 3)%, independent of the particle size in the range of 3.7 nm ≤ dAg ≤ 6.3 nm. Moreover, the specific activities were similar in magnitude and exhibit no clear trend with particle size. Consequently, the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde over these Ag/SiO2 catalysts appears to be structure-insensitive. Titania-supported silver catalysts reduced in hydrogen at low temperature (473 K, LTR) or high temperature (773 K, HTR), however, showed a quite d...


The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on our healthcare system in Australia. At a macro level, the primary means of measuring its impact has been the death toll, the number of posit...


The ring roads located in the Transportation and Utility Corridors surrounding both Edmonton and Calgary are in various states of planning, development and construction. Guiding Principle No. 3 from Alberta's ITS Strategic Plan calls for ITS to be "well integrated in the planning, design, construction and maintenance of the transportation infrastructure". There is currently an opportunity to establish a coordinated plan for the deployment of ITS solutions within both corridors, and potentially fast-tracking any high priority ITS solutions by taking advantage of current civil projects underway in these corridors. Guiding Principle No. 1 in Alberta's ITS Strategic Plan calls for ITS to be "developed and deployed in a coordinated, systematic and cost-effective manner". Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation and the Cities of Edmonton and Calgary are in various stages of planning and deployment of ITS. The development of a plan specific to the ring roads will provide the opportunity for coordination between the cities and Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation. A well thought out plan would give Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation the tools required to assist the traveling public, Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation and the Cities of Edmonton and Calgary with managing traffic within and around these corridors.


Energy optimization is a critical issue in randomly deployed dense wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In dense WSNs, the transmitted signal from a source sensor suffers by the interfering signals from surrounding sensors and unwanted events. In such network scenarios nodes are more likely to become non-functional because of noisy environment and residual battery energy depletion etc. This further arises the need for redundant sensor deployment and an energy efficient solution is to schedule sensors to go into sleep state periodically. In this present paper, we address a probabilistic coordinated sensor scheduling scheme to overcome the redundancy in sensor deployment and conserve energy thus extending the overall network lifetime. This scheme uses the concept of inhibition distance of hard-core point process (HCPP) for coordination among sensors with little communication overhead. We analyze the influence of various channel parameters and interferers on sensor activation probability. Further, we perform Monte Carlo simulation and show that the coverage fraction achieved by the coordinated scheduling outperforms random scheduling at same active sensor density. We also study the impact of node failure and K-coverage degree on the achievable coverage fraction in interference limited WSNs.


The paper discusses the applicability of contemporary knowledge theories to the study of information and knowledge as conditions of the survival and development of social organizations. Its relevance is connected to the importance that the variability of environmental conditions acquired from the acceleration of time and the relocation of space, as a result of the contemporary technological innovations. The majority of the managerial models, which focus on the production of information and organizational knowledge, share premises originated from a view of the world based on the myth of absolute objectivity. According to this interpretation, the organizational issue is related to the identification of procedures and rules, which enable the organizations to reach an optimal position in relation to the environmental conditions they face. Reflection on information and knowledge in organizations based on presuppositions of contemporary knowledge theories treats the relevance of circumstantial factors in the organization-environment context acknowledging the fact that the specifics in each organization are, at the same time, the contingency and the possibility of its survival. In this context, learning is not a procedure that can be normalized or generalized, but a process and a product of the survival of the organization. Keeping in mind the distance between this approach and the current patterns and methods scientific knowledge based on the Cartesian method the article focuses on the consequences of the hegemony of the scientific model of phenomena explanation the myth of absolute objectivity on the potential of the contempormy knowledge theory biology of knOWing, or alltopoiesis theory, by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, which is based on the premise that, for the study of organizations, the perception of the object/phenomenon, and its interpretation, is not reachable outside the perceptive experience itself.


New theory of the bodily tide problem based on only one physical law: the Newtonian creep. It shows that rocky and gaseous bodies do not respond to tidal stresses in the same way. Almost all results of the theory result from the creeping first-order differential equation. This communication summarizes a new rheophysical approach to tides in celestial bodies (FerrazMello, 2013). In this approach, the body tends always to creep towards the hydrostatic equilibrium by the only action of the gravitational forces acting on it (self-gravitation and tidal potential) and does it with a rate inversely proportional to its viscosity. The adopted creep law is Newtonian (linear), and at every instant the stress is assumed to be proportional to the distance from the equilibrium. The coefficient of proportionality is the relaxation factor γ.


In this critique of the Planning Commission's draft Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan, we focus on two key aspects of the Indian economy – its rapidly declining education system, and its lack of a robust intellectual property system. If India is to maintain its economic growth these two systems must be overhauled thoroughly and quickly. We reason, barring a miracle, that India has no reasonable chance of becoming a country with the third largest GDP in the world in the coming two decades.


In recent years, more and more studies on the strength of interpersonal relationship show that there are some positive social connections in online social networks. In addition, in the process of information dissemination, there may be some key nodes. In order to determine the key nodes of online social networks, we propose a method of edge weight recognition based on historical interaction records. According to the forwarding quantity, the influence of nodes is quantified, and the top node is selected as the key node. We apply our method to a real network and get good results.


796Background: Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious side effect of chemotherapy. It increases the frequency of infection, risk of bleeding, and duration of hospitalization, consequently reducing...


Three recent initiatives demonstrate the diverse methods chemical companies are exploring to reduce the carbon footprint of the products they make in Europe. DSM and Neste have formed a partnership...


The purpose is empirical research of the interdependence of variables and construction of the factor structure of the readiness of pedagogical workers for innovation. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, valid test methods with standardized questionnaires, factor analysis. The structure of readiness of pedagogical workers for innovative pedagogical activity has been determined using ANOVA factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The most significant interdependencies of variables and researched relationships were established at the statistically significant level (p ≤ .01; p ≤ .05). The structure of readiness of pedagogical workers for innovations united five main factors. It has been found that the main is F2 "informational readiness", which is positively correlated with F1 "motivational operational readiness", F3 "sense readiness", F4 "procedural readiness" and F5 "distat-resulting preparedness". It is expedient to implement the acquired knowledge into the program of reforms and development of primary and secondary education. The research of a specific type of readiness for innovation with the development of an implementation algorithm requires further attention.


The use of FTIR spectroscopy for combustion monitoring is described. A combination of emission, transmission, and reflection FTIR spectroscopy yields data on the temperature and composition of the gases, surfaces and suspended particles in the combustion environment. Detection sensitivity of such trace exhaust gases as CO, CO2, SO2, NO(x), and unburned hydrocarbons is at the ppm level. Tomographic reconstruction converts line-of-sight measurements into spatially resolved temperature and concentration data. Examples from various combustion processes are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the technique. Industrial measurements are described that have been performed directly in the combustion zone and in the exhaust duct of a large chemical recovery boiler. Other measurements of hot slag show how FTIR spectroscopy can determine the temperature and optical properties of surfaces.


The '3w theory' has been formulating in multidisciplinary research from the Qur'anic perspective. Consequently, based on our attention to the Holy Qur'an we found that the Qur'anic ayat (verses) refer to three question types – "what", "why" and "what" which are all related to multidisciplinary research. Therefore, we name it '3w theory' or 'triple w theory' = wWwT. The 1 st (w) is for "what", the 2 nd (w) is for "why" and the 3 rd (w) is for "what" in research. The main aim of this paper is initially show the perception about the 3w theory, its objectives as well as important in conducting research.


The roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication method to make micro-scale pillar arrays for biomimetic functionalization of surfaces is presented. Inspired by the micro-structure of plants in nature, a surface with a synthetic micro-scale pillar array is fabricated via maskless photolithography. After the surface is SAM (self-assembled monolayer) coated with trichlorosilane in a vacuum desiccator, it displays a hydrophobic property even in R2R replicas of original substrate, whose properties are further characterized using various pitches and diameters. In order to perform a comparison between the original micro-pattern and its replicas, surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and wetting characteristics were measured via a contact angle measurement tool with a 10 μL water droplet. Efficient roll-to-roll imprinting for a biomimetic functionalized surface has the potential for use in many fields ranging from water repelling and self-cleaning to microfluidic chips.


Here we report that Elko (for Eigenspinoren des Ladungskonjugationsoperators) breaks Lorentz symmetry in a rather subtle and unexpected way by containing a 'hidden' preferred direction. Along this preferred direction, a quantum field based on Elko enjoys locality. In the form reported here, Elko offers a mass dimension one fermionic dark matter with a quartic self-interaction and a preferred axis of locality. The locality result crucially depends on a judicious choice of phases.


The Research Process. R-1 Choosing a Topic. R-2 Researching a Topic. R-3 Preparing a Bibliography and a Preliminary Thesis. R-4 Taking Notes and Outlining. Citing Sources and Academic Honesty. C-1 Documentation Systems. C-2 In-Text Citations. C-3 Avoiding Plagiarism. C-4 Practice in Recognizing Plagiarism. C-5 Additional Practice in Recognizing Plagiarism. Summarizing. S-1 When to Summarize. S-2 Documenting Summaries. S-3 Practice in Summarizing. S-4 Practice in Documenting Summaries. S-5 Practice in Writing and Documenting Summaries. Paraphrasing. P-1 When to Paraphrase. P-2 Documenting Paraphrases and Using Lead-Ins. P-3 Practice in Paraphrasing. P-4 Practice in Documenting Paraphrases. P-5 Practice in Writing and Documenting Paraphrases. P-6 Additional Practice in Writing and Documenting Paraphrases. Direct Quotations. Q-1 When to Use Direct Quotations. Q-2 Documenting and Integrating Direct Quotations. Q-3 Rules for Punctuating Quotations. Q-4 Practice in Punctuating Quotations. Q-5 Additional Practice in Punctuating Quotations. Q-6 Practice in Creating Lead-Ins for Quotations. Q-7 Practice in Integrating, Punctuating, and Documenting Quotations. Q-8 Additional Practice in Integrating, Punctuating, and Documenting Quotations. Works Cited and References. W-1 MLA and APA. W-2 General Guidelines. W-3 Citing Electronic Information. W-4 Sample Works Cited and References with Exercises. W-5 Arranging a Works Cited or References List with Electronic Sources. W-6 Arranging a Works Cited or References List with Print and Electronic Sources. Sample Student Research Papers. SP-1 Sample Student Research Paper in MLA Format. SP-2 Sample Student Research Paper in APA Format. Writing with Precision. WP-1 Elements of the Essay. WP-2 Major Usage Errors. Answer Key. Sample APA Entries. Sample APA Entries for Electronic Sources. Sample MLA Entries. Sample MLA Entries for Electronic Sources. Index.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to an unprecedented number of patients on mechanical ventilation, many of them presenting with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1–4]. Depending on the resources of national healthcare systems, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was frequently applied during the pandemic [3, 5–7]. While intensive care unit experience improved with this new disease, various forms of drug therapies were introduced in living guidelines, resulting in a dynamic development in outcome of COVID-19 [8, 9]. Particularly noteworthy was the introduction of dexamethasone in the summer of 2020, and in 2021 the additional administration of tocilizumab in the early severe phase of the disease [10]. A third important factor that had a significant impact on the outcome of severe respiratory failure was the start of vaccination programmes, primarily for risk groups, depending on national strategies, followed by the general public. Shedding new light on ECMO treatment in ARDS: moving from rescue therapy to a standardised treatment option with defined indications https://bit.ly/3zXAhyF


Since Spring and Autumn Period, Chu State formed its particular local culture in the course of long independent development. Meanwhile, it kept continual contact with northern countries as a result of absorbing the culture of central plains (comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe River), which enriched its former culture. So Songs of Chu inherited such characteristics as elaborate flowery language, narrative in poetic form and arguments, figure of speech and taking advantage of a scene to express his emotions. But compared to Shi Jing, Songs of Chu had freer thinking, profounder motifs and diversified techniques.


basic issues in science and technology policy and a recent history of these policies in the nations with which the author deals. It is to be regretted that the author's mandate did not extend to such nations as France and the USSR, which would have provided the basis for a more complete comparative study. There are, of course, some demurrers that can be advanced. With reference to the United States the author overemphasizes the significance of the Science and Technology Policy Act of 1976, and his judgment that American policy is more comprehensive than that of Britain is questionable. But no one interested in the area of science and technology policy — perhaps in the long run the most important area of public policy save avoiding nuclear holocaust — can afford to neglect this modest, informative, and thought-provoking book, one of the major merits of which is its intellectual accessibility to the nonspecialist.


This paper analyzes the status and development of Sports Clubs of University Colleges in Hainan prov- ince by the mettod of documen to tary.Sports Clubs of Universities Colleges play a important role in meeting the college students requirements of sports,but,sports clubs of Universities Colleges has some deficiencies in item setup、participative style、examination and evaluation and so on.The lack of funds、field,participate enthusiasm,un- reasonable of teacher mayor structure,not profect of management system are mayor factor of influencing development of sports clubs of Universities Colleges.The author puts forward some constructive suggestions at last.


A variant of the so-called longevity gene—KLOTHO— appears to protect some apolipoprotein e4 (APOE4) carriers against developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Scientists have long wondered why APOE4, a high-risk variant for late-stage AD, leads to dementia in some carriers and not others. Scientists at Stanford University's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center became interested in the genetics of the KLOTHO gene and its role in protecting synaptic function and hints that it may be associated with APOE4. But the findings of past studies regarding the association were mixed. Past analyses were conducted on small groups, however. Michael D. Greicius, MD, MPH, associate professor of neurology and director of the Stanford Center for Memory Disorders, and his colleagues believed that they could combine the numbers from more than 20 case-control AD studies representing tens of thousands of people on whom they had genetic information and they would have a more definitive answer. It worked. In the study, published in the April 13 online issue of JAMA Neurology, they were able to show that people who had one or two copies of the APOE4 allele and also one copy of the KLOTHO-VS allele were less likely to develop AD and also had reduced levels of amyloid-beta (Abeta) on brain scans. The findings open up the possibility that KLOTHO itself, or proteins in the klotho pathway, could provide new targets to treat AD. Several companies are trying to develop ways to deliver the Klotho protein in order to increase klotho levels. Since the gene's longevity prowess was identified in 1997, scientists have learned that it is produced in the periphery (primarily, the kidney) and in the brain. It is made in the choroid plexus and cranked out into the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain. Nerve cells in the hippocampus also produce low levels of klotho. In the kidney, it regulates vitamin D and phosphate metabolism and certain signaling pathways.


Historians often consider World War I the first modern war. Technological innovation brought the machine gun, submarine, airplane, mustard gas, and effective communication systems into use for the first time. Industrialization allowed for the mass production of weapons and involved the entire populations of belligerent nations in a total war.2 The ten million dead and twenty million wounded as well as the many more both at home and on the front lines whose lives were drastically altered by the war testify that World War I marked a new era.3 In line with secularization theory, the standard narrative of the war as a modern one assumes the absence of religion. However, recent scholarship has demonstrated that in spite of increasing secularization in Europe over the long nineteenth century, the advent of World War I triggered a panoply of religious rhetoric, and in fact can be considered a holy war, similar to the seventeenth century's Thirty Years War. Both pitted various nations seeking national and religious ends in concert. Furthermore, as in the earlier conflict, the combatants in World War I were various Christian nations (Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant), with some notable exceptions, such as the Ottoman Empire and Britain's Muslim and Hindu imperial contingents.4 Across many countries, including Russia, the United States, Britain, France, and Germany, this modern war was greeted as an opportunity for religious renewal and solidarity in pursuit of a national vocation.5 Both elite narratives about regeneration achieved through the sacrificial martyrdom of the soldiers and popular tales of aid given by angels, ghosts, and patron saints on the front lines point to the overtly religious tone of the war.6 The religious language and motivations of participants in the First World War complicate standard narratives about modern secularization by signaling the interconnectedness of religion, national culture, and politics during the early twentieth century.The rhetoric of the war on all sides substantiates Philipjenkins's claim that "something like Christendom was clearly the accepted political-religious order in much of Europe." Around the turn of the twentieth century, religious establishments in Europe faced threats to their hegemony, and secularization had eroded the place of all religious groups in Europe.8 Even so, both the establishments of Russia, Germany, and Britain, as well as the disestablished (or never established) churches of France and America, joined almost without exception in support of the war as a national crusade, a righteous cause, and an opportunity for martyrdom. Nonconformist and minority groups, such as Pentecostals and Catholics in Britain or French Protestants, also mustered nationalist fervor mingled with religious zeal for the war effort.9 Religious institutions and rhetoric formed a key element in shaping national imaginaries and mobilizing the war effort.Britain's established Church of England provides an insightful case study for the national function of religion in World War I. While the developments of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had eroded its prominence, the church still exercised considerable influence in Britain. The church exhibited a thoroughgoing support of the war, acting as chaplains for the military, stepping into positions left behind by the soldiers, counseling political leaders, and appealing to the people of England from pulpits, journals, and pamphlets.10 Yet, such support was motivated at least in part by a self-serving interest. This paper will analyze official publications by the church during the war to demonstrate how Anglican clergy responded to the war using the language of national crusade. This rhetoric evokes an image of England as a Christian nation with the vocation of redeeming worldwide Christendom. Theological publications of the church, such as Christ: And the World at War, supporting the war effort at times included Anglicans along with nonconformists without distinction. …


Verification of arithmetic circuits is essential as they form the main part of many practical designs such as signal processing and multimedia applications. In these applications, the size of the d...


Discipline culture is a reflection of the quality of educational institutions. The low level of discipline is the main problem of every educational institution. The role of leadership is very much needed in overcoming this problem. This paper aims to describe the leadership role of madrasah principals in improving the disciplinary culture of students at MAS Patra Mandiri Plaju Palembang. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytic study method. Data were collected using interview techniques, observation and documentation study. The results of this study indicate that the headmaster of MAS Patra Mandiri Plaju Palembang has played its role and function in improving the disciplinary culture of students in a fairly good category. This is supported by 2 factors, namely (1) the role models of madrasah principals in complying with school regulations; and (2) socialization of school discipline rules and sanctions for violations. The obstacles faced by madrasah principals are (1) there are still some teachers who do not exemplify student attitudes; and (2) there are still students who are not "deterred" to be given disciplinary violations.


Aiming at sensitivity of noise on WSVDD and circumstance of can not be separated in multi-classification problem, the paper presented a multi-classification method based on fuzzy weighted support vector description algorithm. Inspired by weighed SVDD, the method assigned weight to each training sample to build super-ball, while its weight does not take into account the effect of characteristics of sample data itself and noise. Noise fuzzy kernel clustering method was used to determine membership degree of samples and fuzzy weighted SVDD model was built. The multi-classification algorithm and simple classification rules were also provided. The example proves that the method can effectively reduce the effect of noise on classifier, and it can also achieve relatively better training accuracy.


This paper details three phases of testing to confirm use of a Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) system for closure welding the 3013 outer container used for stabilization/storage of plutonium metals and oxides. The outer container/lid closure joint was originally designed for laser welding, but for this application, the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding process has been adapted. The testing progressed in three phases: (1) system checkout to evaluate system components for operational readiness, (2) troubleshooting to evaluate high weld failure rates and develop corrective techniques, and (3) pre-installation acceptance testing. A total of 190 can/lid welds were made and evaluated. During Phase I, weld failures were common due to pressure buildup and venting through the weld pool. During Phase II, characterization of the electrode contact to the weld pool and weld pool blowouts helped in the development of a corrective technique. During Phase III, a reduction in internal pressure, by controlling the final helium backfill of the can before welding, provided satisfactory weld results. The work described was performed during 2002 pre-installation testing at the Savannah River Technology Center in Aiken, S.C. before installation of an Outer Can Welder (OCW) system at the Savannah River Site (SRS) plutonium processing facility. The first OCW system was originally developed at the SRS to support similar plutonium stabilization/storage efforts at the Hanford Site (operated by Fluor Hanford Corporation).Copyright © 2003 by ASME


All possible results caused by a COD gauge with a limited stroke with the transformation of load in crack tip opening displacement test are analyzed. An ideal method of data-processing of acquired opening displacement of the COD gauge by using EXCEL data-handling software is put forward. The satisfactory curves of P-V are obtained and the load P _s just while loading stops and the corresponding plastic branch V _p of opening displacement of the COD gauge can be attained precisely from the curves, which will provide assurance for a CTOD test to be carried out successfully.


Background: Genistein is an isoflavonoid present in soybeans that exhibits anti-carcinogenic properties. The issue of genistein as a potential anti-cancer drug has been addressed in some papers, but comprehensive genomic analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect elicited by genistein on cancer cells have not been performed on primary cancer cells, but rather on transformed cell lines. In the present study, we treated primary glioblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and human embryonic carcinoma cells (NCCIT) with μ-molar concentrations of genistein and assessed mitotic index, cell morphology, global gene expression, and specific cell-cycle regulating genes. We compared the expression profiles of NCCIT cells with that of the cancer cell lines in order to identify common genistein-dependent transcriptional changes and accompanying signaling cascades.


Interfacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the perovskite-type oxide, such as SrTiO3, has attracted significant attention due to its properties of ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and its potential application in oxide-based low-power consumption electronics. Recent studies have investigated spin-to-charge conversion at the STO interface with different materials, which could affect the efficiency of this 2DEG interface. In this report, we presented an Ar^+ ion milling method to create a 2DEG at STO directly by inducing oxygen vacancies. To quantify the spin-to-charge conversion of this interface, we measured the angular-dependent spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) spectra, revealing an unconventional spin polarization at the interface of Argon ion-milled STO and NiFe. Furthermore, a micromagnetic simulation for angular-dependent spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) has been performed, confirming the large unconventional spin polarization at the interface.


Based on Deform-3D,a thermal-mechanical plasticity FEM model for extrusion process of four valve body was established.The load stroke curves,the stain fields and the distribution of blank damage in the extrusion process were revealed.The extrusion press tonnage for extruding the specified four valve body was obtained.The research results show that the high strain values mainly focus on the area where the blank flows through vertical punch.The values of blank damage decrease with extrusion process and the surface quality of inner layer is improved.The surface of the extruded 304 stainless steel four valve body is smooth without crack and burrs,nor obviously scratches.The internal surface roughness is better than that of the outer surface,and internal surface roughness along the tube from the outer to the center is improved continually.The achievement of research provides guide lines for the controlling of disfigurement and the optimization of parameters.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the shifting structure of pharmaceutical production in South Africa and examine the global and local factors that have contributed to this change. Generally, these factors have resulted in a decline in the number of pharmaceutical manufacturers in South Africa and in particular manufacturing operations owned by multinational companies. Simultaneously the global demand for generic medicines has increased due to their ability to improve access to affordable medicines. As a result, the supply of medicines in South Africa is being increasingly met by imported generic medicines and to a lesser extent locally manufactured generic medicines. These changes, together with a turbulent and sometimes uncertain regulatory environment, have led to interesting dynamics and changes within the structure of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in South Africa.


ABSTRACT The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is under complex regulatory control at multiple levels. Enzymatic regulation plays an important role in both circulating levels of glucocorticoids and target tissue exposure. Three key enzyme pathways are responsible for the immediate control of glucocorticoids. De novo synthesis of glucocorticoid from cholesterol involves a multistep enzymatic cascade. This cascade terminates with 11β-hydroxylase, responsible for the final conversion of 11-deoxy precursors into active glucocorticoids. Additionally, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) controls regeneration of glucocorticoids from inactive metabolites, providing a secondary source of active glucocorticoids. Localized inactivation of glucocorticoids is under the control of Type 2 11β-HSD (11β-HSD2). The function of these enzymes is largely unexplored in wild species, particularly songbirds. Here, we investigated the contribution of both clearance and generation of glucocorticoids to regulation of the hormonal stress response via the use of pharmacological antagonists. Additionally, we mapped 11β-HSD gene expression. We found 11β-HSD1 primarily in liver, kidney and adrenal glands, although it was detectable across all tissue types. 11β-HSD2 was predominately expressed in the adrenal glands and kidney with moderate gonadal and liver expression. Inhibition of glucocorticoid generation by metyrapone was found to decrease levels peripherally, while both peripheral and central administration of the 11β-HSD2 inhibitor DETC resulted in elevated concentrations of corticosterone. These data suggest that during the stress response, peripheral antagonism of the 11β-HSD system has a greater impact on circulating glucocorticoid levels than central control. Further studies should aim to elucidate the respective roles of the 11β-HSD and 11β-hydroxylase enzymes. Summary: Peripheral enzymes are primarily responsible for enzymatic modulation of the glucocorticoid stress response in songbirds.


The capacity of nuclear power in China will increase rapidly in the coming twenty years. Consequently, the interaction of nuclear power plants and power systems becomes a very important issue. And a detailed nuclear power model for the medium-term and long-term power system stability should be developed. However, there is no nuclear unit model that can describe the detail characteristics of the nuclear unit in the available commercial power system simulation software. In this paper, a detailed pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear unit model for medium-term and long-term power system transient stability is proposed. The model is implemented by a user-defined program in PSS/E through PSS/E Matlab Simulink Interface. This model can be used to analyze the interaction of nuclear power plants and power systems. The simulation results show that the proposed model is valid


Terrorism. A word that makes you think about different situations throughout the last decade that has passed. However, in this particular thesis the purpose is to examine both national and internat ...


Based on the requirement of transmission line design process,the 3D GIS technology and its application on transmission line routing selection is introduced.By using digital elevation model(DEM),digital orthophoto map(DOM),massive data processing technology and 3D GIS technology,a 3D selection platform of transmission line was constructed and applied in the design process of Daxin-Nanning 500 kV transmission line project.The GIS system,which includes 3D optimal line selection,equipment management and advanced function management,is an expansion of line operation and maintenance information technology and an innovation of design mode.


This study determined the effects of Metformin on plasma insulin, glucagon, oxidative stress status and histology of pancreas in diabetic rats. Grouping was carried out on 21 rats, and were assigned into 3 groups (n = 7 rats per group); non-DM, DM and DM+metformin (200 mg/kg). Diabetes Mellitus was induced and treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucagon, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were significantly higher while final body weight, insulin and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in Diabetes Mellitus group compared with non- Diabetes Mellitus group. There was significantly higher body weight, insulin level and total antioxidant capacity with significantly lower food intake, FBG, glucagon, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels in Diabetes Mellitus +Metformin group compared with the Diabetes Mellitus group. Pancreatic tissue histology revealed islet cells regeneration in Diabetes Mellitus +Metformin group. This in vivo study provides evidence of the potential of antihyperglycemic and improved oxidants- antioxidant status which may be due to the oral hypoglycaemic nature or effects of metformin as seen in this study.


During the mid-to-late eighteenth century, both the Moravians and the Francke Institutes, Halle Pietism's flagship enterprises, sponsored ecclesial endeavors and communities in North America.1 The Moravians tried briefly to take root in Georgia, then shifted to Pennsylvania where they flourished, later expanding to North Carolina. The first effort of the Halle Pietists was an experiment in communitarian living in Ebenezer, Georgia, in the 1730s; the second was a synodal experiment, the Pennsylvania Ministerium, begun by Lutherans in the mid-Atlantic colonies in the 1740s. The Moravians and Pietists were, therefore, in the American colonies during the Revolutionary War. The Moravians adopted neutrality, though their settlements were used as prison garrisons.2 Among Halle Pietists, some were elected to public office on behalf of the patriots.3 Many fought.4 The Pietist Chaplains of the American Revolution


There is an increasing awareness that monetary value does not fully represent the complete value and significance of NTFPs. Consequently, there is growing interest in the cultural dimensions of biodiversity and the role that it plays in human well-being. This chapter presents two case studies, one on traditional brooms in South Africa, and the other on amate paper in Mexico, to demonstrate the importance of cultural values on driving demand for NTFPs. Because cultural values are so deeply embedded, the demand for culturally valued NTFPs continue across the rural urban divide, and are maintained even by modernising urban communities. This poses particular challenges, not only for conservation of the NTFPs, but also to sustain cultural diversity in a rapidly changing world.


Infrared spectra are recorded for S-methyl dithiocarbazate and its N-deuterated compound in two molecular conformations in the solid state and in solution between 4000 and 30 cm−1. The assignments have been supported from a complete normal coordinate analysis; the conformation sensitive bands of the –CSNHNH2 grouping are discussed. The assignments are compared with those of related molecules to check the internal consistency and to obtain the pattern of the characteristic bands of thiocarbazoyl (–CSNHNH2) group. The magnitudes of the C–N and S–CH3 torsional barriers are estimated from the force constants.


In a viscous fluid, a reciprocal motion does not lead to net propulsion by virtue of the Scallop theorem. In a granular medium, we observe that the same reciprocal motion generates a large drift of the moving object. This study investigates the specific mechanisms underlying this propulsion.


factor of 2 appear in the nonequilibrium region, thus illustrating the uncertainties regarding the behavior of species other than CN. Except for their equilibrium levels, the curves for N and NO are omitted from the figure for clarity, but their behavior in time and magnitude is similar to that of 0 and CN, respectively, and in good agreement with the 16-reaction system. It is also shown in Ref. 1 that both the experimental data and the computed results follow binary scaling laws in the nonequilibrium region. Hence, the effects of varying ambient density are accurately reproduced, and it is only necessary to compare results obtained with the two chemical models at other shock speeds and gas mixtures. For these comparisons, the magnitude and time of the peak intensity are indicative of the adequacy of the 9-reaction system, and if they agree with the data, the remainder of the intensity profile is also found to be matched. The variation of the peak CN intensity over the range of shock speeds considered was computed using the 9-reaction system of Table 1 and is compared with computations using the 16-reaction system and experimental data in Fig. 2. The results show the predictions made with the 9and 16-reaction systems to be similar in the speed range from 5.8 to 7.0 km/sec, which is that of primary interest for Mars entry. The computed and experimental times to peak CN intensity are shown in Fig. 3. Again, the results for both reaction systems are similar and provide a good approximation to the experimental data. The foregoing results indicate that the predictions based on the simplified chemical model of 9 reactions presented in Table 1 are adequate for estimating the nonequilibrium radiant emission of CN in shock-heated mixtures of C02 and N2 for the range of speeds of current interest for entry into the Martian atmosphere.


Cathepsins are the main members of the cysteine protease family.Up to now,more than 20 cathepsins have been discovered in living organisms including 11 human cathepsins,which are involved in many serious human diseases,such as tumor,osteoporosis,arthritis and so on.So cathepsins may represent important drug targets with more attention.Since 1990,the crystal structures of several cathepsins were obtained respectively,the research about them progressed much.This paper summarized recent developments in structures,functions and inhibitors of cathepsins,especially human cathepsins.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) velocimetry was used for the first time to quantify the interstitial 2-D velocity field of water through an engineered microchannel network constructed from poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We describe the fabrication of the multilayered PDMS network, which consists of two identical non-communicating capillary networks, each featuring 2 mm deep and 0.9 mm wide staggered channels forming a 10/spl times/8 periodic array. The logistics of perfusing the network through multiple interconnects and the velocity extraction are delineated. The effect of a priori or a posteriori methods to estimate the interstitial volume on the accuracy of the pore velocity is shown to be significant.


The SU8-based UV-LIGA process, which combines lithography with electroforming, is a low cost fabrication method for producing MEMS and precision engineering parts. With lower surface energy and friction coefficient, these micro parts are required for applications such as micro gears and movable microstructures. This paper introduces a technique to fabricate Ni-PTFE micro parts using special treated galvanic bath. The experiment results show that the composite electroforming process is robust and the fabricated Ni-PTFE parts have good tribological properties.


The invention relates to a compression spring processing process. The compression spring processing process is characterized by comprising the following process steps of: rolling, cutting into rings, reducing diameters, quenching, performing primary tempering, inspecting mechanical properties, setting, grinding end faces, correcting the length and the concentricity of springs, performing secondary tempering, setting, performing primary heating and loading aging treatment, grinding the end faces, detecting, performing sand blasting, performing magnetic powder inspection, performing sand blasting, performing surface treatment, performing secondary heating and loading aging treatment, and detecting finished products. By the process, the deformation of the springs in the processing process can be reduced, the geometric dimension of the springs is ensured, and production efficiency is greatly improved.


We consider the {\em Deligne-Simpson problem}:
{\em Give necessary and sufficient conditions for the choice of the conjugacy classes $c_j\subset gl(n,{\bf C})$ or $C_j\subset GL(n,{\bf C})$, $j=1,..., p+1$, so that there exist irreducible $(p+1)$-tuples of matrices $A_j\in c_j$ whose sum is 0 or of matrices $M_j\in C_j$ whose product is $I$.} The matrices $A_j$ (resp. $M_j$) are interepreted as matrices-residua of Fuchsian linear systems (resp. as monodromy operators of regular systems) on Riemann's sphere. We consider the case when the sum of the dimensions of the conjugacy classes $c_j$ or $C_j$ is $2n^2$ and we prove a theorem of non-existence of such irreducible $(p+1)$-tuples.


Since the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, the challenges of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are getting tougher because they not only have to be highly competitive, but how to makethe small and medium enterprises (SMEs) survive in the midst of a pandemic and don't let them close. Therefore, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to create a competitive advantage that is different from its competitors. One of the efforts to achieve this is by optimizing the coordination of the implementation of SCM practices effectively in terms of strategic supplier partnerships, customer relationships and information sharing so that they can survive in the competition and even lead in a pandemic crisis. This study aims to analyze strategic supplier partnerships, customer relationships, information sharing and postponement of the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City in the Covid-19 pandemic era. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data analysis with SmartPLS software. The results of this study indicates that strategic supplier partnership has no effect on the competitiveness of Snack of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City while customer relationships and information sharing have an influence on the competitiveness of Snacks of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City in the Covid-19 era.


The aim of the bachelor thesis is to show the real state of the application of default interest in practice. The bachelor thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with breach of trade commitments and its consequences. The second chapter is devoted to the legislation of the default interest in commercial law. The third chapter analyzes and evaluates the application of default interest in practice. The fourth chapter is devoted to the conceptual definition of the sales agreement and process of conclusion of this agreement. The fifth and final chapter analyzes the Micro-loan program, defines the loan agreement and the process to its conclusion. The conclusion points to the necessity to reform the legislation in regard to enforcement of claims by creditors and the need to increase their effectiveness. In the first two chapters is mainly used the theoretical method. In the chapters three, four and five is mainly used the method of analysis.


Author(s): Stagner, Luke | Advisor(s): Heidbrink, William W | Abstract: All the information about a plasma species is encoded in its distribution function. While it would be helpful to measure the distribution function directly, it is only possible to measure its moments. If the form of the distribution function is not known a priori, it can be difficult to interpret diagnostic signals. This is particularly true in fast-ion physics, where diagnostics that nominally view the same thing, the fast-ion distribution function, give seemingly discordant measurements. The process of going from a fast-ion distribution to a measurement and the reverse process of going from a set of measurements to a fast-ion distribution are the main topics of this thesis.Chapters 2-3 concern the modeling of fast-ion diagnostics. Here we derive functions that translate the information about a fast ion into measurable quantities, i.e. forward models. This is done for three diagnostics: the neutral particle analyzer (NPA), fast ion D-α (FIDA) spectroscopy, and neutron scintillators. Chapter 3 discusses the development of FIDASIM, the practical implementation of the forward models.Chapter 4 deals with diagnostic velocity-space weight functions, an ansatz which is used to aid in the interpretation of experimental measurements and as an approximate forward model of the diagnostic. From the forward models discussed in Chapter 2, we derive weight functions in a full 6D generalized coordinate system, from which we also derive the velocity-space weight functions. Using an action-angle formulation, orbit-space weight functions, which can be used to exactly represent a diagnostic's forward model in a linear form, are derived.Chapters 5-6 detail how to use weight functions to infer the fast-ion distribution function from experimental measurements. Orbit weight functions, in particular, facilitate the inference of the entire distribution function, using any fast-ion diagnostic that views the plasma. Benchmarks with synthetic data and a reconstruction of a classical distribution from experimental measurements, show that systematic errors and intrinsic biases in the inference methods are the main impediments to accurately inferring the fast-ion distribution function. However, experimental studies of the redistribution of fast ions by sawtooth crashes at ASDEX Upgrade demonstrate that the effects of systematic error and biases become less important when only considering relative changes in the distribution function.


Hu Shih and his several works of the History of Chinese Literature, focused on the vernacular in the chinese literature, and its influence to the new reformation of Chinese modern literature. Through this research and review of his works, we can understand how the writing of History of Chinese Literature became a text as a social and cultural movement, impacted on the cultural structure of the chinese traditionality. These social and cultural movements through Hu Shih"s discursive struggle, literary text research and writing history of chinese vernacular literature, and reformation of Chinese educational system, which was especially focused on the vernacular reformation of chinese language and literature textbooks of the elementary and middle school actually have had great impact on the chinese traditionality and its ontology at the 5.4 new culture movement period until now. On the History of chinese vernacular literature, Hu shih tried to find people"s voices, feelings, and their real life. When Hu shih make these voices as a power to make social and cultural movement pave new way for the new era of china. I would consider Hu shih"s writing History of Chinese literature as a social and cultural movement. If then, is he need to be responsible for next generation"s writing History of Chinese literature as a voice of communist ideology? That"s why we need to pay more attention about this subject.


Nixon (1) showed, using comparative data from different systems, that increased nitrogen load to shallow coastal estuaries increased production of phytoplankton. Furthermore, it has been well established that the growth of coastal producers is nitrogen limited (2). In Waquoit Bay, we have a complex of separate estuaries that are subject to different nitrogen loading rates (3). This variation in loading rate provides the opportunity to test, in one system, whether increased nitrogen loads result in increased production. The range of nitrogen loading to the estuaries extended from a high rate of 8.1 X 1 O3 kg N y-' in Childs River to approximately 0.05 1 kg N y-' in Sage Lot Pond. Because phytoplankton growth in shallow estuaries is nitrogen limited (2), increased loading rates are likely to affect activity and abundance of these primary producers. Salt marsh habitats are active sites of denitrification and nutrient uptake (2). A strip of salt marsh located between the watershed and the estuary could, therefore, intercept incoming nitrogen and significantly reduce estuarine nitrogen loading. The estuaries of Waquoit Bay are surrounded by different areas of salt marsh. We could, consequently, also evaluate the effects of salt marsh on interception of nitrogen by comparing phytoplankton abundance and activity in estuaries with different extents of fringing salt marsh. In this paper we ask, first, whether there is a relationship between nitrogen loading rate and phytoplankton abundance and productivity; and second, whether the presence of a salt marsh fringe decreases the nitrogen loading rate and, accordingly, lowers phytoplankton abundance and productivity. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and chlorophyll a concentration at two stations in each of five estuaries of Waquoit Bay (Childs River, Quashnet River, Jehu Pond, Hamblin Pond, and Sage Lot Pond). We used standard light/dark bottle technique with 5-h in situ incubation period, and the Winkler titration method to determine primary production of the estuaries. Chlorophyll a concentration was measured by the Lorenzen method (4). The nitrogen loading rate was calibrated based on total dissolved nitrogen (DIN) at shore edge, rate of water recharge, and total area of the estuary. GPP and chlorophyll a increased significantly with higher nitrogen loads (Fig. 1, top panels). For the regression of phytoplankton and loading, P < 0.003 for both GPP and Chl a. In Childs River, for example, the average chlorophyll a concentration and GPP levels were about three times as high as those in Sage Lot Pond. Both GPP rates and chlorophyll a concentration decreased in estuaries with larger areas of fringing salt marsh (Fig. 1, middle panels). The cause of this decrease is not well established. The salt marshes could be physically removing phytoplankton from the flooding estuarine water during high tide and, thus, lowering


PATRICIAMEYER SPACKS, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1994, is the Edgar F. Shannon Professor of English, Emerita, at the University of Virginia. Her recent books include On Rereading (2011), Reading Eighteenth-Century Poetry (2009), and Novel Beginnings: Experiments in Eighteenth-Century English Fiction (2006). She has also recently prepared annotated editions of the Jane Austen novels Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility. Dorothea's eyes followed her husband anxiously, while he sank down wearily at the end of a sofa, and resting his elbow supported his head and looked on the floor. A little flushed, and with bright eyes, she seated herself beside him, and said– "Forgive me for speaking so hastily to you this morning. I was wrong. I fear I hurt you and made the day more burdensome." "I am glad that you feel that, my dear," said Mr. Casaubon. He spoke quietly and bowed his head a little, but there was still an uneasy feeling in his eyes as he looked at her. "But you do forgive me?" said Dorothea, with a quick sob. In her need for some manifestation of feeling she was ready to exaggerate her own fault. Would not love see returning penitence afar off, and fall on its neck and kiss it? "My dear Dorothea–'who with repentance is not satis1⁄2ed, is not of heaven nor earth:'–you do not think me worthy to be banished by that severe sentence," said Mr. Casaubon, exerting himself to make a strong statement, and also to smile faintly. Dorothea was silent, but a tear which had come up with the sob would insist on falling. "You are excited, my dear. And I also am feeling some unpleasant consequences of too much mental disturbance," said Mr. Casaubon. In fact, he had it in his thought to tell her that she ought not to have received young Ladislaw in his absence: but he ab stained, partly from the sense that it would be un gracious to bring a new complaint in the moment


A difficult problem" failingtoend the obsolete policy" exists for a longtime in the public policy field, namely once public policy is made out, it can't be put to end after having finished its goal. This is because the termination of a policy faces very great obstructions. This phenomenon leads to huge resources waste and governments' poor performance. So it is of great importace and social value to analyse this problem and explore the feasibility for the public policytermination.


Gravity waves (GW) transport momentum flux (MF) and energy across the lower, middle and upper atmosphere. Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) is one of the measuring techniques used onboard satellites to provide vertical temperature profiles with global and permanent coverage. These retrievals may be applied in the study of GW. Some usual analysis methods provide absolute GWMF, but are missing its net direction. This happens because the procedures cannot deduce the propagation sense of GW and hence the direction of MF. We therefore recall here a recently presented method that allows the net calculation with four close in space and time RO soundings (quartets). We use about 10,000 daily retrievals from March 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023 to study the seasonal and latitudinal global characteristics of net GWMF in the height interval from 20 to 35 km. About 600 quartets were found.


This paper uses a rich panel data set of Indian manufacturing firms to analyze the effects of horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment on various outcomes of domestic firms. We apply recent methodological advances in the estimation of production functions together with detailed product-level information on prices and quantities to estimate physical productivity, markups, marginal costs and proxies for product quality. We also employ instrumental variables based on initial allocations of foreign ownership across industries and exploit cross-industry and time-series variation in FDI reforms. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of price adjustments in identifying the productivity effects of FDI. JEL codes: F61, F23, G34, L25, D22, D24


The article discusses conceptual approaches to the measurement of the economy's macroand meso-levels entities competitive advantages. Spend their brief comparative analysis and shows the major constraints. The author's approach to assessing of the created competitive advantages of industries on the basis of the modified trade indicators is offered.


nouns are frequently plural, either to indicate qualities (knowledge, compassion), states (youth, old age), or actions (consecration, salvation). As a subset of either extension or abstraction, some consider that there are honorific plurals or plurals of excellence or majesty. Some consider God's plurality a matter of intensity or majesty, "summing up the essential characteristics and intensifying the original idea, i.e., Godhead" (Parke-Taylor 5). Some consider the first person plural referents to God as plurals of majesty, examples of the royal "we," but this is probably anachronistic and does not occur elsewhere in the Old Testament with kings. Some trace plurality in God to polytheism or the belief in many gods. These gods then became a unified godhead subsumed under the one name of YHWH. Some scholars consider that there was a development in Israel's history from polytheism (belief in many gods) to henotheism (allegiance to one among many gods) or monolatry (selection of only one among many gods for worship) to monotheism (belief in only one God with all others considered false gods or not gods). Abraham did come from a polytheistic background, and it was not until post-exilic times that monotheism was fully embedded into the psyche of the people. However, it is doubtful that polytheism can account for all of the plural forms in the Old Testament and their continued use.6 Others consider the use of plural pronouns as part of "an address to the spirits or angels who stand around the Deity and constitute His council," an explanation attributed to Philo (Keil and Delitzsch 62; see also 1 Kings 22:19). However, Keil points out verses that contradict the view that the spirits or angels took part in the creation of mankind, including Genesis 2:7 and 22, Isaiah 40:13ff, and especially 44:24. Another reason for plurality could be what Cross calls the "plural of manifestations" (254). This refers to the multiple manifestations of a god, perhaps represented by various sites of worship. This is one way of understanding the plural forms of other gods also found in the singular, for example, Ba'alim for Ba'al and Asherot for Asherah and perhaps also the singular use of plural forms. Certainly there are a number of different manifestations or revelations of God in the Bible. A number of these explanations have some merit. God is more complex than other beings, and there is some element of abstractness and mystery in Him. Polytheism may explain the origin of plural forms, but it is doubtful that polytheism can explain their continued use. God also manifested Himself on numerous occasions and primarily in three particular ways. An exploration of this latter matter, that is, the revelations or manifestations of God, will be helpful in understanding the significance of plurality in relation to God. Revelations or Manifestations of God In the New Testament there is ample testimony to the existence of God as a tri-unity. However, the Old Testament also strongly suggests and prepares for this New Testament revelation. On the one hand, God is revealed as the one and unique God; on the other hand, there are three distinct revelations or manifestations of God in the Old Testament. Revealed or Manifested as One The unity of God is one of the key concepts revealed in the Bible and one understood by all three of the monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Monotheism, or the belief in one God, distinguishes Israel's God from the pantheons of gods of the nations that surrounded her in the ancient world.


South Africa has one of the most progressive constitutions in the world protecting the linguistic and cultural rights of Deaf people. However, there is a huge gap between policies and reality in schools for Deaf learners in South Africa. In this paper we critically unpack and reflexively explore the linguistic and cultural issues that emerged during the process of creating and implementing the new South African Sign Language (SASL) curriculum. This curriculum was produced as a result of a landmark court case. We use an ethnographic framework based on our own reflections, discussions with Deaf people, notes from meetings, and discussions with the other team members. Why and how did the process that started off with so much energy, excitement and goodwill break down? We argue that a key reason for this breakdown is inadequate linguistic knowledge and cultural sensitivity in relation to SASL and Deaf cultural identity. The paper concludes with an outline of lessons learnt.


This statement outlines the objectives and policies of the new journal, Macroeconomic Dynamics, which is dedicated to the advancement of macroeconomics as a science. This Editorial is to appear at the front of the first issue of that journal and is copyright by Cambridge University Press.


Objective To investigate the correlation of possible risk factors with acute renal injury (AKI) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and explore if the incidence of AKI could be lower by off-pump CABG for kidney protection.Methods Two hundred and nine patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery in Nanjing First Hospital from September 2010 to November 2013 were recruited.The patients were divided into AKI group (fifty-five cases) and non-AKI group (one hundred and fifty-four cases) according to the AKI criteria and compared the possible risk factors between two the groups by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.Results The index of female gender,body mass index,age,hypertension,basic serum creatinine,ejection fraction,the number of coronary atherosclerosis,cardiopulmonary bypass,IABP for circulatory support,postoperative low cardiac output,lactate in AKI group were higher than that in non-AKI group by univariate analysis (P < 0.05).And basic serum creatinine,ejection fraction,cardiopulmonary bypass,postoperative low cardiac output showed a significantly statistical difference between two group by multivariate analysis.Conclusions Cardiopulmonary bypass,basic serum creatinine,ejection fraction,postoperative low cardiac output were independent risk factors.Off-pump CABG could benefit for kidney protection.

Key words:
Acute kidney injury;  Coronary artery bypass;  Extracorporeal circulation;  Risk factors


1. A flexible assembly comprising: a first housing part of foldable electronic device which includes a flexible display, a first portion of the housing integrated with the first section of the flexible display, a second housing part of foldable electronic device, said second housing portion is integrated with the second section of the flexible display; istrukturu rotary units, which connects the first and second portions of the foldable electronic device housing, wherein the rotary units are configured for adding to each other to form a bend radius of the flexible display and maintain the flexible display in the closed position of the foldable electronic ustroystva.2. A flexible assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pivot links of the structure is further configured to maintain the flexible display in the open position of the foldable electronic ustroystva.3. A flexible assembly according to claim 1, wherein the flexible display is configured to obgibaniya pivot links when the links pivot folded to form a bend radius when the first and second housing portions zakryty.4 foldable electronic device. A flexible assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rotary structure units includes stoppers for preventing the output from the installed position of the flexible display in the open position of the foldable electronic ustroystva.5. A flexible assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rotary units are integrated into the structure of the material for forming rotary zvenev.6 structure. A flexible assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rotary structure units are separate units that are connected to each other movably to pho


Bioremediation is the use of living organisms (primarily microorganisms) for removal of a pollutant from the biosphere. It relies on biological processes to minimize an unwanted environment impact of the pollutants. The microorganisms in particular have the abilities to degrade, detoxify and even accumulate the harmful organic as well as inorganic compounds. Five soil samples were collected from Selaqui industrial area, from different places at a depth of 0-15 cm. These soil samples were subjected to dilution (1:10), then from these dilution 4 and 5 were used for inoculation. Nutrient agar plates were prepared to be used as media. Replica of each dilution was prepared. After 24 hours of incubation at 28 degree centigrade bacterial colonies were observed on the plates. These cultures were purified to get 10 bacterial cultures. Further these cultures were inoculated in 10ml of nutrient broths each and after dense growth were inoculated in 10gm of soil samples in petriplates and were incubated for four days and then copper was estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry technique and compared with the levels of copper obtained that were not inoculated with bacterial strains. The soil samples collected are all alkaline in nature; all the 10 isolated bacteria are gram negative and are chained cocci in structure. Sample 1 and 2, both dilutions have shown reduction in the amount of copper as compared to original soil samples without bacterial inoculation. According to this research sample 1 and sample 2 have shown reduction in the copper levels as compared to the raw soil samples that is without bacterial inoculation in them.


Based on VB.NET and the database technology,set up engineering database for reciprocating pump,and use method of parameterized design to design its major elements.Application of this method may greatly lighten the burden of designers,shorten the developing period of new products and increase the economic benefit for enterprises.


To overcome the defect of complex and low applicability belong to a common multi-domain network topology discovery algorithm,this paper proposes a topology discovery algorithm based on three layer switching and VLAN.The algorithm abstracts the VLAN network,groups all the VLANs,and does the process of topology discovery in each VLAN group.Analysis results show that it makes the best use of VLAN information during the process of topology discovery,and can accurately discover the topology of a VLAN network.


This paper examines processes of financialisation in the Arab world, a region that has been almost completely absent from the wider financial literature. The paper shows that financialisation is much more than simply the expansion of financial markets within neatly bounded sets of social relations operating at the national scale. In the Arab world, financialisation has been marked by the growing weight of regional finance capital—most specifically, those capital groups based in the Gulf Cooperation Council—in circuits of capital operating at all scales. This has important implications for processes of class and state formation. Approaching financialisation in this manner—moving away from methodologically nationalist assumptions and the literature's largely singular focus on the advanced capitalist core—brings into focus the significance of cross-scalar accumulation patterns, their spatial hierarchies, and geographic unevenness. The paper thus reaffirms the need for a more spatially sensitive approach to financialisation.


In the last few years, we have been witnessing the convergence of the physical with the digital world. The Internet of Things (IoT) is progressing at a fast pace, and IoT devices are becoming pervasive in our physical environments, bringing the vision of Intelligent Environments closer to reality. At the same time, the newly-introduced blockchain technology is offering for the first time ever cryptographically proven trust based on a set of mutually untrusted nodes. Blockchain technology thus has the potential to become a key component of many IoT systems, offering them an unprecedented level of accountability, transparency, and reliability. This paper first lays out the principles on which blockchain systems are operating, along with descriptions of the most noteworthy blockchain implementations. It then presents a number of systems through which blockchains may interact with external systems and third-party data sources. Finally, it provides a survey of the state-of-the-art blockchain-based systems targeting IoT applications.


178 Utilization of essential oil industry chamomile wastes as a source of polyphenols N. S. Yantcheva, I. N. Vasileva, P. N. Denev, H. N. Fidan, R. S. Denkova, A. M. Slavov Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria Department of Catering and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria


A new process of enhanced underground coal gasification (EUCG) has been demonstrated recently in successful semi-industrial tests at Zhong-Liang-Shan (ZLS) coal mine in China. The EUCG is featured using man-built pinnate channels and controlled moving injection points along coal-bed channel to produce syngas through underground coal gasification (UCG). To optimize the EUCG process, this field trial was performed with various operational manoeuvres, such as implementing controlled moving injection points, O-2-enriched operation and variation of operational pressure. The results showed that these operational techniques of the EUCG can ensure the gas flow comparatively controllable and hence improve UCG performance significantly, providing both a higher efficiency of heat and a higher quality of the production syngas.


The purpose of this paper is to see how Buddhist ethics has been understood in the west. First this paper points out two...


This chapter provides a pedagogical guide to research works on the infrared behavior of interacting quantum fields in de Sitter space which began in the 80s but has seen vibrant activities in the last decade. It aims to help orient readers who wish to enter into research into this area but are bewildered by the vast and diverse literature on the subject. We describe the three main veins of activities – the Euclidean zero-mode dominance, the Lorentzian interacting quantum field theory and the classical stochastic field theory approaches – in some detail, explaining the underlying physics and the technicalities of each. This includes the identification of zero mode in Euclidean quantum field theory, the use of 2PI effective action, the concept of effective infrared dimension, dimensional reduction, dynamical finite size effect, the late time behavior described by Langevin and Fokker–Planck equations, functional resummation techniques and nonperturbative renormalization group methods. We show how these approaches are interconnected, and highlight recent papers that hold promise for future developments.


Thermal insulating material was prepared by electrophoretic deposition of nanosilica from sodium silicate in a mixture of water and ethanol. The as-prepared silica powders have the surface area ranged from 138.53 to 338.81 m2/g and the pore volume from 0.57 cm3/g to 0.74 cm3/g, depending on the applied electric field intensity and the solvent composition. The thermal conductivity of the porous silicas ranged from 0.75 to 3.61 W/m⋅K., depending on the porosity of the silicas. The higher the porosity is, the lower the thermal conductivity is.


In order to restore the sand-land vegetation of Poyang Lake,the local various herbaceous plants and introduced plants,trees and shrubs are mixedly planted in the experimental area,in addition,investigations on covered degree of plants,nutrient content,grass biomass and biodiversity are conducted.The results show that herbaceous plants including Pennisetum alopecuroides,Setaria palmifolia,Cynodon dactylon,Paspalum wettsteinii and the shrubs including Pinus elliottii,Robinia pseudoacacia,Liquidambar formosana and Lespedeza bilobar are cultivated in Poyang Lake sand land,which can play a role in increasing coverage of vegetation,improving soil quality and species diversity.


To determine clinical and pathological correlates of outcome among patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.


Purpose Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) play an important role in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the role of u-PA and TGF-β1 in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by detecting its expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Methods u-PA and TGF-β1 expressions in 84 laryngeal carcinoma samples and 10 normal mucosa were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results u-PA expression level had a correlation with tumor stage, and lymph node metastases (P0.05) , but had no correlation with tumor differentiation, and location ( P 0.05) . The level of TGF-β1 increased in the majority of tumor tissues (89.29%) and all of the lymph node metastases. TGF-β1 expression level had a correlation with the stage of tumor tissue ( P 0.05) , but had no correlation with the tumor differentiation, and location ( P 0.05) . There was significant difference of expressions of TGF-β1 and u-PA between tumor and normal tissues( P 0.05). Conclusion The abnormal expression of u-PA and TGF-β1 plays a role in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.


The article presents the results of a study of the state and features of the transport in the Tver region with an emphasis on public transport; determination of the necessary characteristics for their representation in the transport networks database of the region. The study of the spatial organization of regional transport systems is necessary to improve the level and quality of life of the population, since passenger transport and its variation—public transport, provides all categories of citizens with services for movement between settlements both within the region and between neighboring ones. The article deals with issues related to the selection and systematization of information, the choice of indicators for presentation in the created database of spatial data of individual road network objects and their characteristics that meet the selection criteria. Additional attention is paid to the creation of a series of maps of the intensity and carrying capacity of public transport in the Tver region on the basis of the generated database. The information visualized on the maps represents only reliable and up-to-date data on transport facilities and may be useful in developing scenarios for the transport development of the territory. The information basis of the maps are cartographic sources and official statistics, as well as data obtained as a result of an independently performed detailed study and field survey of the region. The work carried out on the selection and formalization of the initial thematic spatial information made it possible to accumulate the necessary experience and form the basic principles for development of transport databases for other subjects of Russia as well. The main goal in this case is to provide the consumer with as much information as possible about the transport system of the region. In this study special attention was paid to public transport.