Since the development of intelligent control, a growing interest has been raised in the field of ship course tracking control design. Owing to its uncertain parameters, high nonlinearity and unknown wave disturbance, it poses a great challenge to the design of controller. In this paper, a time-varying threshold prescribed convergence law sliding mode control (PCLSMC) using nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed for ship course control and it is used as a major control input to strengthen robustness and track the desired heading angle. To improve the control performance, a novel design of action-dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) based control method is proposed as a supplement control. The adaptive control gain based on the performance index is introduced to modify the output of action network according to the state error. The simulation results prove the effectiveness and high accuracy of our proposed control scheme.


SUMMARY As NAND flash-based storage has been settled, a flash translation layer (FTL) has been in charge of mapping data addresses on NAND flash memory. Many FTLs implemented various mapping schemes, but the amount of mapping data depends on the mapping level. However, the FTL should contemplate mapping consistency irrespective of how much mapping data dwell in the storage. Furthermore, the recovery cost by the inconsistency needs to be considered for a faster storage reboot time. This letter proposes a novel method that enhances the consistency for a page-mapping level FTL running a legacy logging policy. Moreover, the recov- ery cost of page mappings also decreases. The novel method is to adopt a virtually-shrunk segment and deactivate page-mapping logs by assembling and storing the segments. This segment scheme already gave embedded NAND flash-based storage enhance its response time in our previous study. In addition to that improved result, this novel plan maximizes the page-mapping consistency, therefore improves the recovery cost compared with the legacy page-mapping FTL.


Context: Dental evidence is a valuable tool in identifying individuals, especially when disasters befall. Reference points in faciomaxillary region such as interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic width can significantly contribute toward reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) facial profiles. This study was researched upon to determine the relationship between the maxillary intercanine width and the different reference points of the face. Aim: The aim of the following study is to ascertain whether maxillary intercanine width can be used to detect interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic distance and to evaluate the role of maxillary intercanine width in the 2D reconstruction of the face. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by consent and involved 90 subjects-45 males and 45 females who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three age groups, i.e. 18-24, 25-28, 29-35. Four parameters were measured– intercanine width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance and interalar distance. All the measurements were carried out with a digital Vernier caliper. The bizygomatic width was measured from posterior-anterior view. Two empiricists were assigned for the task. Each test was carried out twice to validate the soundness of the findings and to reduce bias. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation was established. Regression analysis was performed to predict the study variables by intercanine width. Results: Intercanine width showed a significant relationship with different points. The width varied with age and gender. Conclusion: Inter canine width can be used as a valuable parameter in the reconstruction of face in two dimensional as it shows significant relationship with faciomaxillary reference point such as interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar distance and bizygomatic width.


CaZrO3 nanoceramics were successfully synthesized at 700 C using the molten salt method, and the effects of processing parameters, such as temperature, holding time, and amount of salt on the crystallization of CaZrO3 were investigated. CaCl2, Na2CO3, and nano-ZrO2 were used as starting materials. On heating, CaCl2–NaCl molten eutectic salt provided a liquid medium for the reaction of CaCO3 and ZrO2 to form CaZrO3. The results demonstrated that CaZrO3 started to form at about 600C and that, after the temperature was increased to 1,000C, the amounts of CaZrO3 in the resultant powders increased with a concomitant decrease in CaCO3and ZrO2 contents. After washing with hot distilled water, the samples heated for 3 h at 700C were single-phase CaZrO3 with 90–95 nm particle size. Furthermore, the synthesized CaZrO3 particles retained the size and morphology of the ZrO2 powders which indicated that a template mechanism dominated the formation of CaZrO3 by molten-salt method.


We studied two medium size pristine rivers (Taz and Ket) of boreal and subarctic zone, western Siberia, for a better understanding of the environmental factors controlling major and trace element transport in riverine systems. Our main objective was to test the impact of climate and land cover parameters (permafrost, vegetation, water coverage, soil organic carbon, and lithology) on carbon, major and trace element concentration in the main stem and tributaries of each river separately and when considering them together, across contrasting climate/permafrost zones. In the permafrost-bearing Taz River (main stem and 17 tributaries), sizable control of vegetation on element concentration was revealed. In particular, light coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest controlled DOC, and some nutrients (NO2, NO3, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cd, Ba), deciduous needle-leaf forest positively correlated with macronutrients (PO4, Ptot, Si, Mg, P, Ca) and Sr, and dark needle-leaf forest impacted Ntot, Al, and Rb. Organic C stock in the upper 30–100 cm soil positively correlated with Be, Mn, Co, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Bi. In the Ket River basin (large right tributary of the Ob River) and its 26 tributaries, we revealed a correlation between the phytomass stock at the watershed and alkaline-earth metals and U concentration in the river water. This control was weakly pronounced during high-water period (spring flood) and mostly occurred during summer low water period. Pairwise correlations between elements in both river systems demonstrated two group of solutes—(1) positively correlated with DIC (Si, alkalis (Li, Na), alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), and U), this link originated from groundwater feeding of the river when the labile elements were leached from soluble minerals such as carbonates; and (2) elements positively correlated with DOC (trivalent, tetravalent, and other hydrolysates, Se and Cs). This group reflected mobilization from upper silicate mineral soil profile and plant litter, which was strongly facilitated by element colloidal status, notably for low-mobile geochemical tracers. The observed DOC vs DIC control on riverine transport of low-soluble and highly mobile elements, respectively, is also consistent with former observations in both river and lake waters of the WSL as well as in soil waters and permafrost ice. A principal component analysis demonstrated three main factors potentially controlling the major and TE concentrations. The first factor, responsible for 26% of overall variation, included aluminum and other low mobile trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates, Be, Cr, Nb, and elements strongly complexed with DOM such as Cu and Se. This factor presumably reflected the presence of organo-mineral colloids, and it was positively affected by the proportion of forest and organic C in soils of the watershed. The second factor (14% variation) likely represented a combined effect of productive litter in larch forest growing on carbonate-rich rocks and groundwater feeding of the rivers and acted on labile Na, Mg, Si, Ca, P, and Fe(II), but also DOC, micronutrients (Zn, Rb, Ba), and phytomass at the watershed. Via applying a substituting space for time approach for south-north gradient of studied river basins, we predict that climate warming in northern rivers may double or triple the concentration of DIC, Ca, Sr, U, but also increase the concentration of DOC, POC, and nutrients.


Abstract Polycrystalline samples of Pb4,9A0.1Ge2.5Ti0.5O11 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) have been prepared by solid-state reaction technique. Studies of X-ray powder diffraction patterns of these compounds at room temperature suggest that the compounds have been formed almost in single phase with trigonal crystal system. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of the compounds as a function of frequency (0.2 kHz to 1 MHz) at room temperature (RT), and for temperatures RT to 200°C at 10, 100 and 1000 kHz show broadening (diffuseness) of the dielectric peaks and change of transition temperature with the ionic size of the dopants. Analysis of diffuseness of the dielectric peaks shows that the values of 7 (diffusivity) lie between 1 and 2, which indicate the variation of the degree of disordering of the system caused due to substitution of different ions. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and polarization of these compounds provide some interesting results for device fabrication.


Mathematical models of PEM fuel cell were introduced briefly.It was concluded th at three-dimensional,non-isothermal and two-phase flow model and the stack m o del should be included in the future work.The humidification methods were classi fied into five categories such as external humidification,self-humidification , direct humidification of the membrane and the principles of the humidification a nd cooling methods were introduced.


Recently Lannutti et ai.1l have observed the interactions of K+ -mesons in flight in nuclear emulsions. According to their estimation there were four charge exchange and 36 non-charge exchange events in the energy region of 30----120 Mev. In this paper we intend to show some relation between the ratio of charge exchange to non-charge exchange cross sections and the relative parities of hyperons and heavy mesons. For simplicity, we assume that the spin! both of A and of l' are 1/2 ~nd that the spin of K+ is 0; then we can write the interaction Hamiltonian as follows :2l *


The finite difference technique is oldest numerical method to solve differential equations. Like many differential equations, Helmholtz differential equation which is used to describe many physical phenomena, has long been solved using finite difference method. can be described by Helmholtz Differential equations. The solution of the Helmholtz type differential equations is very important. The information that it belongs together because it tells one coherent story just knowing a little bit about finite differences through to how to solve differential equations an especial technique is used, how to implement finite difference method and the tool which is used as generic enough that will immediately be given a whole new differential equation. The analysis of small to moderate sized presented with the help of a few examples. The improved finite difference method is presented with examples, the method is simple, clear, and short the MatLab code is available, the improved finite difference method is suitable and easy to implement, manually as well as computationally.


Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption among university students has an adverse impact on public health and economic development. Aim: The study aimed to describe behavioural habits of alcohol abusing students at a State University in Zimbabwe. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done, and a sample of 100 students with a history of alcohol abuse was recruited using snowballing technique. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to determine behavioural habits among the University students. Data were collected in April - May 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that the alcohol beverage commonly abused by the students were spirits (42%), followed by other alcohol-containing drinks (38%) with 32% reporting taking six or more drinks on one occasion, which according to the AUDIT, reflects a state of hazardous alcohol use. Forty-two percent had failed to stop once they had started drinking alcohol, while 36% had been unable to perform customarily expected behaviours. Fifty percent (50%) needed a drink in the morning after a heavy drinking session. This trend indicates alcohol dependence that can lead to negative consequences for the drinker. Most of the respondents (58%) never had feelings of remorse after drinking while 64% had failed to remember the previous night's events because of drinking. This indicates harmful alcohol use among the students. Conclusion: This study revealed that university students who hazardously drink alcohol have behaviours that are detrimental to health. These students perform poorly academically and have risky sexual behaviours that expose them to sexually transmitted illnesses including HIV. Their conduct poses a concern for public health professionals and economic development. Recommendations: It is recommended that instead of reacting to consequences of alcohol abuse among students, Universities need to develop strategies for early detection of students at risk of alcohol abuse as well as implement primary, secondary and tertiary interventions. Community mental health services, school health programmes and school psychological services that provide care and rehabilitation of students with alcohol use disorders must be strengthened .


Chilli (Capsicum annuum) is an important vegetable as well asspice crop belongs to Solanaceae family. The genus Capsicum was assumed to have been originated from Mexico, Central America and South America (Perry et al., 2007).Five species of Capsicum (C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens) are commonly domesticated and cultivated in different parts of the world. Among these five species, C. annuum is the most commonly cultivated worldwide, followed by C. frutescens (Bosland, 1994). Chilli is used in all forms starting from fresh green fruits, ripe fruits, dried fruits and powdered form. Fresh green pungent fruits are generally used in salads, stuffing and as a flavoring agent in cooked meals. Indian chilli is considered to be world famous for two important commercial qualities viz., color and pungency levels. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


America needs an energy plan that secures energy independence based on renewable energy. Government and voter initiative is critical to implementing such a plan. America can reassert its world leadership position through innovative energy solutions. Efficiency-increasing technology and practices and localized power production in all buildings will substantially reduce energy needs. Use of incentives to affect change is recommended. Integration of all renewable energy production technologies will be necessary for complete energy independence. Serious investment in economic production of biofuels and a national electric rail system would slash energy needs, making energy independence a much more attainable goal. 1. Increase governmental leadership and action. All significant changes in this country in the past century have been enabled by government incentives, subsidies, or legislation. The nuclear power industry could never have reached its current state without the subsidies put in place when the industry was young. The extraction industry is equally indebted to government initiatives; our Armed Forces have secured war-torn areas so that these firms can continue to be productive or even grow. The fuel and automotive industries likewise owe their current existence to government action; construction of the interstate highway system made transportation by car and truck the most practical choice for nearly every citizen or company, and the demand for transportation fuel also enjoyed a strong and stable increase because of this infrastructure. Even modern industries based on the Internet and information owe their current existence to the Armed Forces and the inception of DARPAnet! Likewise, our government leaders need to make every effort to show the nation the way; government buildings should adopt a Zero Energy/Emission policy (detailed below), and embrace recycling and carbon reduction practices at every level of administration. * http://www.2008energyforum.org/ ** http://www.2008energyforum.org/forum/events/newsDetails/reqID--100990 (c) Craig Lazzar 2008


In the present study the relation between human leukocyte antigen (HLA), optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated in 56 Iranian patients (46 females and 10 males). HLA‐A and ‐B typing by microlymphocytotoxicity method and HLA‐DRB, DQA and DQB by polymerase chain reaction based on sequence specific primers method was performed for the selected patients with ON. The diagnosis of clinically defined MS (CDMS) was confirmed in 15 of them (26.7%) during their follow‐up. HLA‐A24 was significantly higher in ON patients, whilst A23, A26, and A30 showed a significant decrease in these patients. HLA‐A10 and A26 were absent in CDMS patients and A2 and A11 were significantly decreased in ON and CDMS patients. HLA‐B5, B51, B38, B27, and B35 were significantly increased in ON patients compared with control subjects. HLA‐B44, B16 and B38 alleles were not present in CDMS patients. Regarding DR locus, the frequency of HLA‐DRB1*15 and DRB1*04 has been increased in CDMS patients, whilst the frequency of HLA‐DRB1*07 and *11 was much higher in ON patients. In DQA region, the most frequent allele in the MS patients was DQA1*0102, which was significantly higher than ON patients, and control group. The frequency of DQA1*0103 was significantly increased in both patients group. In DQB1, the frequency of DQB1*0602 increased significantly in the MS patients. In conclusion existence of common genetic basis for early manifestations of MS could be suggested.


The author is a reading teacher at West Senior High School, Aurora, Illinois. She was a Fulbright fellow in Greece and a teacher at Aurora College. ■ Kenneth Goodman (Smith, Goodman and Meredith, 1970) has identified four kinds of cue systems in a psycholinguistic view of the reading process: 1) cue systems within words phonics, word recognition, little words in new words, affixes, recurrent spelling patterns; 2) cue systems in the flow of languagepatterns of words, inflections, function words, intonation, contextual meanings of nearby words and whole sentences or paragraphs, redundancy in language; 3) cues within the reader, what he brings to language language facility, dialect differences, physiology, learned responses to graphic cues, experiential and conceptual backgrounds; and 4) cues external to language and the readerpictures, prompting, concrete objects, skill charts. Any reader, in order to comprehend, uses any and all cues available to him, so it becomes clear that no cue system can be neglected in the teaching of reading. (External cues, however, are not part of the direct interaction between reader and written


The mean size of the Pd clusters deposited on an Al(2)O(3) thin film influences the efficiency of photodissociation of CD(4) into CD(3) and D as well as the photodesorpion upon irradiation with 193-nm laser light. The picture shows the degree of desorption on Pd clusters of various sizes (as well as on a Pd(111) single-crystal surface) as a function of temperature; the values given refer to the average thickness of the evaporated metal layer.


Processes based on membranes are attracting growing interest in the scientific community and in industry, because, in many cases, they offer a favorable alternative that is not easily achievable using conventional routes. In particular, membranes made with perfluorinated polymers are very interesting, because they exhibit unique features. Hydrophilic highly conductive proton exchange membranes have been developed from the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and a short-side-chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonylfluoridevinyl ether (Hyflon Ion); they have found interesting application in the field of fuel cells, especially in view of the current tendency to move to high-temperature operation. The advantages given by these hydrophilic perfluorinated materials for use in membrane technology are discussed. The properties and performance of Hyflon Ion membranes are compared with other perfluorinated membranes present on the market.


In this paper, we propose an autonomous Smart Grid operation by using multi-agent approach. The proposed multi-agent system consists of five types of agent: single Smart Grid controller agent (SGC), several Load agents (LAGs), several green power generation agents (GPAGs), several gas-turbines agents (GTAGs), and several battery agents (BAGs). In a Smart Grid, LAGs act as consumers or buyers, GPAGs and GTAGs act as producers or sellers, and BAGs act as prosumers or sellers/buyers. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, it applied to a simple model system with different electrical power prices (peak price and off-peak price). From the simulation results, it can be seen the proposed multi-agent system could perform the Smart Grid operation efficiently.


Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have undergone accelerated growth due to their capacity to resolve challenging image recognition problems. They are utilized to handle an increasing number of difficulties, such as speech recognition, and the segmentation and categorization of images. The ever-increasing processing needs of CNNs are spawning the market for hardware support strategies. Moreover, CNN workloads are of a streaming nature, which makes them a good choice for reconfigurable hardware architectures like as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Neural networks are a sort of computer architecture inspired by the way the human brain processes information. A artificial neural network consists of a large number of densely interconnected individual processors, or neurons. By adding a simplified bypass zero multiplier to the neural computing of the system, the proposed system may reduce the processing time and complexity while handling a broad range of datasets. The suggested CNN comprises of two hidden layers and two convolutional layers. The proposed CNN is implemented on a Xilinx zynq 7z020 FPGA using the verilog HDL programming language, with the consideration for space utilization, power estimation, and logical utilization.


We describe a flexible high-sensitivity laser communication transceiver design that can significantly benefit performance and cost of NASA's satellite-based Laser Communications Relay Demonstration. Optical communications using differential phase shift keying, widely deployed for use in long-haul fiber-optic networks, is well known for its superior sensitivity and link performance over on-off keying, while maintaining a relatively straightforward design. However, unlike fiber-optic links, free-space applications often require operation over a wide dynamic range of power due to variations in link distance and channel conditions, which can include rapid kHz-class fading when operating through the turbulent atmosphere. Here we discuss the implementation of a robust, near-quantum-limited multi-rate DPSK transceiver, co-located transmitter and receiver subsystems that can operate efficiently over the highly-variable free-space channel. Key performance features will be presented on the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) based TX, including a wavelength-stabilized master laser, high-extinction-ratio burst-mode modulator, and 0.5 W single polarization power amplifier, as well as low-noise optically preamplified DSPK receiver and built-in test capabilities.


Environmental factors play an important role in functions and distribution of organisms. Basic objective of the long-term ecological research is to monitor environmental changes due to climate change and track the consequences, to cope with the environmental issues that may arise now and in the future. For long-term ecological researches, a system (Cyber Infrastructure) is essential, which can continuously harvest and manage the data about ecosystem changes. Countries around the world have been building a platform that can harvest and manage the data about ecosystem changes for long-term ecological researches. This paper examines the trend of the long-term ecological research platform technology in order to meet various requirements of the long-term ecological research.


Supplementary Figure S1. Residue conservation within the MazF family. A. Amino acid sequence alignment of 12 MazF family members for which the mRNA interferase activity was confirmed and the cutting sequences determined. The alignment is adapted from (Simanshu et al., 2013) with minor manual corrections to avoid insertions or deletions in the main secondary structure elements that are conserved in the crystal structures of SaMazF, YdcE, EcMazF and Kid. The sequences of the MazF homologs from S. aureus plasmid pCH91 and from X. fastidiosa plasmid pX-RIV11 were added manually. The catalytically important residues Arg24 and Thr47 are shown in bold. B. Sequence conservation within the MazF family mapped on the surface of SaMazF. Conservation scores were calculated using ConSurf (Ashkenazy et al., 2010) using the alignment shown in panel A and plotted on the surface of the SaMazF dimer. Orientations are identical as in Figure 4B. The most highly conserved residues are indicated and consist of the two catalytic residues Arg24 and Thr47 as well as a few residues that probably have a structural role. The remainder of the residues


PID controllers have played a great role in industry for controlling different plants with accuracy. Also, various PID control algorithms have been framed to ease its implementation and improve the response of the system. However, conventional manual tuning methods have faced the problems of lesser precision and higher response time. Various automatic PID tuning methods have been designed to solve this control problem. Adaptive tuned PID is one of the most widely applicable techniques in controlling a plant output automatically to the desired set point with more accuracy and precision. This research is focused on designing a laboratory scale model for PID and Adaptive tuned PID controller for UAV shaft position control. The output is generated on the LabVIEW software and various transient response characteristics of the designed laboratory model are depicted in the results.


The KGPS-250 intermediate frequency power source applies in industry smelting extremely widely.The equipment reliable movement is very important, in practical application, because each kind of reason creates the equipment damage common occurrence, the artificial misoperation created in particular the equipment damage is more serious, in order to avoid the artificial misoperation, guaranteed the equipment reliable movement, introduced one kind already passed through the improvement electric circuit, could effective avoid the misoperation.


We describe a Monte Carlo method for calculating polarization due to scattering in various geometries. We apply the method in this paper to the case of scattering in a spherical cloud illuminated by parallel rays. The polarization is largest in small optical depth blobs, where single scattering dominates. The polarization decreases as optical depth increases until a limit is reached where scattering occurs on the surface, and increasing optical depth has little effect on the results. For a given optical depth, decreasing the albedo leads to an increase of the degree of polarization of the scattered light because single scattering increases relative to multiple scattering. As the optical depth of the blob increases, the scattered flux becomes increasingly backward throwing. In the high albedo blobs, the maximum polarization becomes skewed towards the illuminated hemisphere at high optical depths. We discuss the applications to polarization in supergiants and R CrB stars, and scattering in a clumpy interstellar medium.


In the present study we present molecular dynamics simulations of Ar scattering from perfect and point-defected Si(100) surfaces at grazing incidence. For scattering from the smooth surface, the effect of changing the incidence angle on surface channeling is discussed. Point defects are simulated by the random addition of adatoms to the smooth surface. The simulated results demonstrate that the angular and energy distributions of the scattered particles are extremely sensitive to small adatom coverages. Experimentally, the bulk of energy lost during scattering at grazing incidence is as a result of inelastic energy loss processes. An electronstopping model is included in the simulations to account for such inelastic processes.


—Despite progress made in recent years, cluster formation delay, load balancing, energy holes remain challenging for cluster-based topology control protocols. When, for energy efficiency purpose, one tries to address these problems simultaneously, one is confronted with latency, message overhead, and topological defects such as isolated Cluster Heads (CH), pairs of adjacent CHs etc. These unexpected outcomes are detrimental to both network capacity and lifetime. In this paper, we propose a fast cluster-based selforganization protocol that reduces time and energy wastes during cluster formation, minimizes the scope and frequency of cluster maintenance process, and mitigates energy holes in the sink's two-hop neighborhood. Simulation results show that our contribution is able to quickly construct a good quality communication topology while enhancing network lifetime.


Pnapism is defined as a pathological prolonged painful erection of the penis involving the corpora cavernosa , while the corpus spongiosms and glans penis remain flaccid. Priapism occurs most frequently in men in their 30s and 40s. The erection may or may not be related to sexual stimulation or excitation, although some cases have occured after prolonged sexual activity. Reports published on the aetiology describe diverse factors for this disorde. Majority of the patients have an idiopathic aetiology. Sickle cell disease, solid tumors, leukemia and trauma are reported as known causes. Prolonged sexual stimulation, prostatitis and syphilis are also associated with this disorder. in addition to these conditions, an association has been well documented between priapism and the ingestion of different medicines. Studies have shown that 15-40% cases of pnapisrn were due to psychotropic drugs. Trazodone, an antide present, is usually considered as the main drug responsible for this problem but priapism has also been reported with Chiorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Thioxenthene and Haloperidol. This paper presents a case report where Fluoxetine, caused priapism.


For the past ten years since being upgraded as an undergraduate university, Changshu Institute of Tech-nology has made remarkable achievements in many aspects including applied liberal arts talent training, the re-search direction of some subjects, social service and cultural heritage and innovation and accumulated basic experi-ence in developing delicate liberal arts based on the school-running pattern, developing applied liberal arts basedon the type positioning, and developing characteristic liberal arts based on brand cultivation. On the basis of the re-view of the achievements and the summary of the experience, this paper puts forward the suggestion that the new-ly-built science and engineering undergraduate colleges and universities should take advantage of the opportunityto clarify the basic positioning of liberal arts, give classified guidance on following the inherent law of liberal artsdevelopment, have the courage to bear the responsibilities to undertake the important mission to educate studentsby means of liberal arts and conduct the interaction between university and local community to promote the con-struction of liberal arts and local culture as well as a harmonious existence.


Abstract Dynamic Bayesian models are developed for application in nonlinear, non-normal time series and regression problems, providing dynamic extensions of standard generalized linear models. A key feature of the analysis is the use of conjugate prior and posterior distributions for the exponential family parameters. This leads to the calculation of closed, standard-form predictive distributions for forecasting and model criticism. The structure of the models depends on the time evolution of underlying state variables, and the feedback of observational information to these variables is achieved using linear Bayesian prediction methods. Data analytic aspects of the models concerning scale parameters and outliers are discussed, and some applications are provided. Dynamic Bayesian models are developed for application in nonlinear, non-normal time series and regression problems, providing dynamic extensions of standard generalized linear models. A key feature of the analysis is the use of conjugate prior and...


Based on the Push-Pull theory which explains population migration motive most thoroughly and synthetically,the paper constructed the push-pull model affecting the transfer decision-making for the peasant worker's settling down in city.Based on the model and author's evidence from the investigation in Wuhan City,empirical analysis are done on the rural pull and urban push factors affecting the transfer decision-making for the peasant worker's settling down in city.It concludes that the major obstacle for the peasant worker's settling down in city comes from the pushing force of serial regulations cored by the urban domiciliary control system.


On 5 December 2019 Stephanie Tyler (SJT) and Rachel Shepherd (RES) were mist-netting on the Afon Honddu in the Llanthony Valley of the Black Mountains in Monmouthshire and caught four Dippers Cinclus cinclus gularis coming in to roost at a bridge at the Neuadd, Cwmyoy. One adult male had a puffy ring around the eyes and marked swellings above both eyes. On 29 November 2020, at the same bridge, SJT and RES retrapped an adult female with a slight swelling. SJT then looked through some photos of Dippers taken by Mick Jenner at one of her nest sites at Maesyberan on the Afon Honddu on 2 June 2017 and noticed that one of a side view of a Dipper which she had labelled 'dipper with eye injury', had a similarly enlarged orbital ring. SJT contacted Tony Cross (AVC), a keen Dipper ringer, to see if he had caught similarly affected birds. It transpired that AVC had first noticed eye problems in Dippers on 30 January 2005, when he had taken a photo of an affected bird. He put out the photo online, in a post on the old Ringers' Forum, asking if any ringer had seen a similar problem, but had had no response. Since then, he has caught Dippers with swollen eye orbits on several occasions, including: on 7 April 2019 on the Rhydhir Brook, Rhayader; on 6 January 2020 on the River Clun, near Clun, and at Beambridge, Aston-on-Clun; on 9 January 2020 at Afon Peiran, Cwmystwyth; on 4 January 2021 on the River Onny, Plowden; and on 5 January 2021 on the Quinney Brook, Grove Park, Craven Arms, at Middleton near Ludlow and on the River Onny at Stokesay. The main feature of the waterways where Dippers with swollen eye orbits had been noted is that, in late 2019 and early 2020 and again during the winter of 2020/21, they had all been in continuous spate for up to three months with no respite, and the water turbidity was exceptional, with a suspension of bright reddish-brown sediment from the land. The increased water depth and turbidity were not usual for these waterways, in the experience of the authors who have observed them for over 40 years, although seems to be becoming more common as spate conditions become more frequent. Williams (1997) noted that many disease processes can affect the avian eye and periorbita; periorbital swelling can be an indication of a primary ocular disorder or may occur secondarily to sinusitis. Sinusitis is fairly common in birds that are human companion animals, such as parrots and cockatoos, leading to periorbital swellings (Stiles & Greenacre 2001, Graham et al 2003). In January 2020, AVC and SJT contacted Gareth Thomas (GT), a retired vet from Ludlow with an interest in Dippers, sending photos, and he in turn contacted Dr Neil Homer-Forbes who is a dedicated avian vet with an interest in exotics and wildlife. At first, they considered whether a specific waterborne disease, with a possible parasitic or mycoplasmal aetiology, might be responsible for the symptoms shown in the photographs. GT, in discussion with another avian specialist vet from the English Midlands, Jason Waine, then suggested that it could be a type of traumatic 'boxers' eye', resulting from the birds' habit of continually forcing their way into stony riverbeds when searching for food, often with little or no underwater visibility and driven by hunger because of a prolonged spell of difficult feeding due to floods. GT noted that in very forceful currents some water may enter the bird's nasal cavity, finding its way into the sinuses, which are much more extensive than in mammals. Any such 'brown' water will be carrying some contamination, even if only sterile soil particles, which will likely cause some mild sinusitis. If GT's hypothesis was correct, the eyes would be expected to improve gradually as a river spate eases and the water becomes clearer; as the fluid in the swellings should disperse when feeding activity becomes less traumatic.


The developing purpose and significance of the network management system for aerospace material information(NMSAMI) are introduced in this paper.The structure,working principle,function design,developing process,application result,developing direction and technical requirement of the whole system are summarized emphatically.The accounting,statistics,planning,purchase and warehouse management are integrated into the system.The computerization management of basic-level material accounting and statistics is implemented bythe system.It reduced the palaver manual operation and improved the management level of material information significantly.


Neurohumoral model of pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) made it possible to develop new therapeutic approaches in patients with CHF. However, it became obvious that the ways of activation of neurohumoral systems in CHF are much more complicated. The increase in local synthesis of hormones causes the activation of inflammatory cytokines and protooncogenes, which have various negative effects. This allowed formuating immunoinflammatory conception of CHF pathogenesis, according to which the increase in interleukine-б blood level is the marker of unfavorable prognosis for CHF, and the level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) straightly correlates with severity of clinical condition and neurohumora activity in CHF. The growth of TNF-a in CHF progressing as well as its reduction in successful treatment do not exclude the probability of positive effect of therapy, focused on the reduction of TNF-a concentration. The pathogenesis peculiarities of CHF including cytokine aggression demand the necessity of development of new therapy approaches with the use of cytokine system modulators


Patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee, on a waiting list for total knearthroplasty, were recruited to a double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating neoprene knee braces containing high-power static magnets or sham magnets. Patients wore the brace for a minimum of six hours per day and were evaluated at baseline, two, six, twelve and twenty-four weeks. The subjective outcomes (MACTAR, WOMAC, KOOS, SF-36) and functional outcomes (six minute walk, thirty second stair climb) showed no statistically significant differences between the groups at any of the follow-up time periods. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of neoprene knee braces containing high-power static magnets to sham magnets in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee No statistically significant difference in patient-related quality-of-life and objective functional evaluation was found between groups. This study provides patients and doctors with evidence as to the efficacy of this type of therapy. It will allow those individuals on fixed incomes to utilize their resources to the best advantage to minimize their symptoms related to osteoarthritis of the knee. A prospective double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ninety-five patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized to receive a Magnet (M) or Sham (S) knee brace. Both groups were equal with regards to age (M = 71.1 yrs, S = 66.8yrs), severity of disease, gender and all baseline measures. No statistically significant difference in patient-related quality-of-life and objective functional evaluation was found between groups at any time interval. All study patients were recruited from a knee arthroplasty waiting list. At baseline and at two, six, twelve and twenty-four weeks each patient completed a WOMAC, MACTAR, KOOS quality-of-life questionnaire, SF–36 global health measure, and six minute walk and thirty second stair climb after which they were asked to determine their general fatigue, pain and shortness of breath on a 100mm VAS scale. Patients were instructed to wear their brace at least six hours per day and when active (walking, shopping, golfing).


The number of power station grows every five years to cover the energetic consumer needs. The goal of the work, were to verify the software application PAS DAISY OFF - LINE (Power Application Software) used in major electrical energy distribution. There were main aspect of real power distribution in the power nets in comparison of program output.


Monophlebus stebbingi , Green, var. octocaudata , Green, is a large Coccid belonging to the sub-family M onophlebinae . It is found on Mango, Jack Fruit, and species of Ficus , in India, but having, for a Coccid, a long life-history—being but single-brooded—it is rarely a pest. Climatic conditions govern the production of large numbers of individuals, so that outbreaks are irregular, occurring at intervals of a few years.


Feminists in theology journey together from very diverse philosophical, theological and ecclesiastical cultures. What unites them en route is the conviction that there must be an alternative to the patriarchal language of dominance and subordination which has shaped and negated the lives of women throughout history. In particular, the theology of the Church must not be used to maintain structural barriers of gender, race and class which triply oppress the poorest and most racially disadvantaged of our world. Yet in the pursuit of an alterna.tive the travellers become more scattered, pitching their tents at very different stopping places. For some feminists the redemptive vision may be actualised through our living more effectively as the body of Christ. It can be realized as we work to reclaim the image of God in our male-female humanity, allowing the effects of Christ's death and resurrection to shape our relationships, and recovering the depths of biblical meaning in our articulation of the faith. For others this might involve the deconstruction of much exegesis hitherto accepted as the norm. A radical rereading of the New Testament will draw those involved into greater inclusiveness and empowerment and enable Christians to see the effectiveness of Christ's atoning work in areas not previously envisaged. Women in particular will no longer be excluded by texts which deny their full participation in the good news of the kingdom, but both Scripture and history can be reclaimed. For more radical feminists however, and most especially those who regard themselves as post-Christian, all these are vain longings and the journey cannot end here. There is no future in reclamation of the Bible, whether of its metaphors, or its stories. Nor is there hope in recalling accounts of creation, Christology, or doctrines of atonemen,t. For all of these are precisely what we need to be liberated from. It is indeed in the very categories of the cross and salvation that women have lost their souls. From most feminist perspectives debates about soteriology are largely sterile. They are part of a theological process which is not only barren but fossilised: the sad remains of a patriarchal past whose very closedness has cut itself off from any redemptive future. Whether the debate focuses on Irenaeus and sees salvific work as that through which the image of God can be restored to corrupted human beings, or on Anselm and views atonement in a juridical-legal mode, or on the Protestant Reformers and a doctrine of penal substitution, it makes no difference to the critical feminist. These and all other


The oxidation of allylic compounds to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones (carbonyls, enones) is a challenging and important reaction, as these compounds are relevant for the synthesis of pharmaceutical, agricultural, and natural products, as well as for the synthesis of resins, steroids, and fine chemicals. Traditionally, various chromium-based catalysts are utilized in stoichiometric amounts for these reactions. However, use of large amounts of noxious and harmful chromium-based catalysts and the sometimes uncontrollable oxidation reaction, makes the procedures cumbersome. Cobalt-, selenium-, and manganese-based catalysts were also reported, but these have a poor selectivity for allylic aldehydes or ketones. 8–12] Chromium-based solid catalysts, such as Cr-MCM, Cr-silicates, and Cr-zeolite, have an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity (>90 %) for allylic carbonyls. The zirconium phosphate was reported to have a good catalytic activity for different organic transformations. 19] Xiao et al. reported the oxidation of allylic compounds to the corresponding enones with poor selectivity, except for acetophenone, over Cr-pillared layered zirconium phosphate. Recently, we reported on the synthesis of mesoporous zirconium phosphate (mZrP) with a high specific surface area, narrow pore size distribution, and an excellent catalytic activity towards different organic reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of chromium-incorporated mZrP (Cr-mZrP) and its catalytic activity towards the oxidation of allylic and benzylic compounds to their corresponding carbonyl compounds with 100 % selectivity. After a simple regeneration/reactivation step, the catalyst was used several times. The synthesis of mZrP was achieved by following the reported procedure using zirconium carbonate as the precursor in a basic medium. Chromium was then incorporated in the calcined mZrP (for a detailed experimental procedure, see the Experimental Section).The small-angle XRD pattern of Cr-mZrP depicts a broad peak at 2 q= 2.2–2.38, corresponding to d-values of approximately 4 to 3.8 nm, which is almost identical to the values of pristine mZrP (Figure 1 a). The presence of a broad diffraction peak at small angles also signifies the for-


Temperature management and signal integrity are two highly relevant challenges for nano scale CMOS devices. As temperature of integrated circuits affects the frequency of defect mechanisms' occurrence and consequently influences reliability, temperature monitoring is inevitable. To provide the necessary thermal sensors, different techniques are available. One is to use the temperature dependent speed of logic devices and perform a time to digital conversion. In this work, this approach is evaluated for the use in FPGAs. Furthermore, problems regarding signal integrity affect the reliability of highly integrated circuits. Therefore, we discuss the possibilities of crosstalk effects in FPGA and demonstrate a method for time to digital conversion in order to measure the impact of coupling capacitances in the interconnection structure of FPGAs. The main contribution of the introduced method is to enable simple post-production investigations for signal integrity of programmable devices.


This study reviewed the applications of deep learning (DL) in medical imaging, including neuro, retinal, pulmonary, digital pathology, breast, and cardiac systems. Deep Learning solves many of the issues facing today's health care systems. DL has played a defining role in image classification, object detection, and segmentation. From the results, integrating deep learning algorithms into image analysis has enhanced the review of pulmonary medical images, digital pathology, neurologic oncology, chest radiography normalization, cancer detection among other applications. Nonetheless, small-scale medical datasets (which impedes training) emerge as a core issue affecting the generalisation and performance of deep learning.


The Longmen central fault is a boundary fault dividing the Yangtze Platform and the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt.A study of its kinematics is of great significance.In this paper,the structural analysis method is used to analyse the kinematics of the Longmen central fault and some meaningful results are obtained.The northern section of the Longmen central fault has experienced 5 movements,namely,the right lateral movement(by semi-brittle mode),thrusting,left lateral movement and normal faulting,left lateral movement and thrusting,and left lateral movement and normal faulting.The southern section has also experienced 5 movements but they are unlike that of the northern section.Those are thrusting(by ductile mode),right lateral movement,thursting,normal faulting,and left lateral movement and normal faulting.The kinemics of the middle section shows some similarities to that of both the northern and southern sections,but has its own characteristics.The time of movements is from the Indo-Sinian to the Himalayan period.


Cardiac arrhythmias, disruptions in heart rhythm, carry substantial health risks including heart failure and sud- den cardiac death. Detecting these irregularities promptly is crucial for effective intervention. This abstract highlight the significance of arrhythmia detection, achieved through inter- disciplinary research combining medical technologies, signal processing, and machine learning. Innovative techniques employ- ing electrocardiogram data and wearable devices have yielded accurate detection models like convolutional and recurrent neural networks. These advancements enable real-time monitoring, early intervention, and improved diagnostic precision, underscoring their potential to revolutionize cardiovascular care and enhance patient outcomes. This abstract emphasizes the pivotal role of cardiac arrhythmia detection in safeguarding patient health and preventing life-threatening complications. The convergence of medical expertise, technological innovation, and machine learning advancements has yielded promising results in the realm of arrhythmia detection. These findings hold immense potential for revolutionizing cardiovascular care by offering more accurate, timely, and personalized interventions for patients at risk of cardiac arrhythmias.


following intermediate filament assembly shown in in vitro assembly studies for K5 and K14. The K5 amino-terminal end also has a role in desmoplakin I binding, an interaction that binds keratin intermediate filaments to desmosomes. These findings suggest that the P25L mutation has an effect on filament structure and integrity. Another interesting aspect of EBS-MP is the aetiology of pigmentation. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Further studies with molecular models of the V1 domain of K5 will be necessary to define fully the role of this domain in keratin interactions with other structural molecules and intracellular organelles.


In an attempt to discover any pattern to prefire events, abort prefire kicker data from 2007 to the present day have been recorded. With the 2014 operations concluding, this comprises 8 years of prefire data. Any activities that the Pulsed Power Group did to decrease prefire occurrences were recorded as well, but some information may be missing. The following information is a compilation of the research to date.


Background: Amyloid beta (Aβ) is believed to be responsible for the synaptic failure that occurs in Alzheimer′s disease (AD), but there is little known about the functional impact of Aβ on intrinsic neuronal properties. Here, the cellular effect of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity on the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons and the mechanism(s) of neuroprotection by CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation was explored. Methods: A combination of behavioural, molecular and electrophysiological approaches was used. Results: Bilateral injections of the Aβ peptide fragment (1-42) into the prefrontal cortex caused a significant impairment in the retention and recall capability in the passive avoidance tasks and significantly increased the level of active caspase-3 in the hippocampus. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings revealed a significant reduction in the intrinsic action potential (AP) frequency and an increase in the discharge irregularity in the absence of synaptic inputs in Aβ treated group. Aβ treatment induced also significant changes in both the spontaneous and evoked neuronal responses. However, co-treatment with ACEA, a CB1 receptor agonist, preserved almost the normal intrinsic electrophysiological properties of pyramidal cells. Conclusions: In vivo Aβ treatment altered significantly the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons and the activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors exerted a strong neuroprotective action against Aβ toxicity.


Disruptions to sediment supply continuity caused by run‐of‐river (RoR) hydropower development have the potential to cause downstream changes in surface sediment grain size which can influence the productivity of salmon habitat. The most common approach to understanding the impacts of RoR hydropower is to study channel changes in the years following project development, but by then, any impacts are manifest and difficult to reverse. Here we use a more proactive approach, focused on predicting impacts in the project planning stage. We use a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model to test the hypothesis that the greatest risk of geomorphic change and impact to salmon habitat from a temporary sediment supply disruption exists where predevelopment sediment supply is high and project design creates substantial sediment storage volume. We focus on the potential impacts in the reach downstream of a powerhouse for a range of development scenarios that are typical of projects developed in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia. Results indicate that increases in the median bed surface size (D50) are minor if development occurs on low sediment supply streams (<1 mm for supply rates 1 × 10−5 m2 s−1 or lower), and substantial for development on high sediment supply streams (8–30 mm for supply rates between 5.5 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−3 m2 s−1). However, high sediment supply streams recover rapidly to the predevelopment surface D50 (∼1 year) if sediment supply can be reestablished.


With that paper a new concept for learning from examples called Cyclical Local Structural Risk Minimization (CLSRM) minimizing a global risk by cyclical minimization of residual local risks is introduced. The idea is to increase the capacity of the learning machine cyclically only in those regions where the eeective loss is high and to do a stepwise local risk minimization, restricted to those regions. An example for the realization of the CLSRM principle is the TACOMA (TAsk Decomposition , COrrelation Measures and local Attention neurons) learning architecture. The algorithm generates a feed-forward network bottom up by cyclical insertion of cascaded hidden layers. The Output of a hidden unit is locally restricted with respect to the network input space using a new kind of activation function combining the local characteristic of radial basis functions with sigmoid functions. The insertion of such hidden units increases the capacity only locally and leads nally to a neural network with a capacity well adapted to the distribution of the training data. The performance of the algorithm is shown for classiication and function approximation benchmarks.


The viral suppressor HC-Pro of potyvirus plays a crucial role in suppressing post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). However, how HC-Pro suppresses the microRNA (miRNA) methylation and loading into ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) for RNA-induced gene silencing complex (RISC) formation are still unclear. Our previous studies indicated that HC-Pro triggers ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) degradation through Autophagy-related 8a (ATG8a)-mediated autophagic pathway and HC-Pro also inhibits HEN1 methyltransferase activity through direct interaction. In this project, we investigated the in vivo protein-protein interactions by checking colocalization and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of fluorescently-labeled proteins with the use of confocal microscopy. Interstingly, our results revealed that HC-Pro indirectly interacted with AGO1 in S-body. Additionally, HC-Pro and ATG8a colocalized and interacted, once again confirmed that ATG8a was related to AGO1 degradation that indirectly triggered by HC-Pro. FRET output also indicated that HC-Pro inhibits miRNA methylation activity of HEN1 through direct physical interaction, resulting in un-methylated miRNAs (unMet-miRNA) that cannot be loaded into the RISC complex. Besides, HC-Pro and mRNA-decapping 2 (DCP2), which is processing body (P-body) marker, colocalized and interacted with each other. Moreover, HC-Pro can form the suppression body (S-body) in the cytoplasm. Further investigation of the size of PTGS components, such as AGO1, HEN1, ATG8a and DCP2 foci, suggesting that S-body attracts above mentioned protein into it. Understanding of the relationship between S-body and PTGS elements can give us a better insight on how does the HC-Pro inhibit the miRNA pathway, and confirm the location in which miRNA be methylated and loaded into AGO1. These findings can explain the lost of HEN1 methylation activity. Potentially, further study would unreveal how unMet-miRNA trigger ATG8a-mediated autophagic AGO1 degradation. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the PTGS regulation and plant-virus counteraction.


A 4D light field image is represented in traditional 2D spatial domain and additional 2D angular domain. The 4D light field has a resolution limitation both in spatial and angular domains since 4D signals are captured by 2D CMOS sensor with limited resolution. In this paper, we propose a dictionary learning-based superresolution algorithm in 4D light field domain to overcome the resolution limitation. The proposed algorithm performs dictionary learning using a large number of extracted 4D light field patches. Then, a high resolution light field image is reconstructed from a low resolution input using the learned dictionary. In this paper, we reconstruct a 4D light field image to have double resolution both in spatial and angular domains. Experimental result shows that the proposed method outperforms the traditional method for the test images captured by a commercial light field camera, i.e. Lytro.


SUMMARY Thecentral pulmonary artery was studied angiographically 1-10 years after a pal-liative operation in 56patients (mean age 6 years, range 1-20)withcongenital heartdiseaseandpulmonaryatresia. Allofthemhadoriginallyhad a centralpulmonary artery that wascommon to boththe right andleft pulmonary arteries. Juxtaductal obstruction ofthe left pulmonary artery haddeveloped in 70% ofthe patients; in 40% the obstruction was atretic unilaterally. Atresiadeveloped at the right junction to the ductus where there was a shunt to the right pulmonary artery and at the left junction where there was a shunt to the left pulmonary artery. Stenosiscausing a reductionof more than 50% oftheinnerdiameterdeveloped at theanastomotic site in10% of 30 patients with a functioning Blalock shunt. In contrast, there was occlusion of thepulmonary artery or its upper branchin 73% of11 patients with a non-functioninganastomosis. Surgical techniques such as the Rastelli5 2 or theFontan procedure34 have been developed to treatpatients with congenital heart disease, pulmonaryatresia, anda central pulmonaryartery that is com-


Let me begin by thanking Professor Scanlon for a truly interesting lecture on one of the most important issues facing not only philosophers and economists, but people of all kinds entrusted with making decisions affecting the well-being of others. In fact, individual well-being may well be regarded by many as the fundamental human value. At least, it might have been so regarded before the lecture! Also, sometimes commentators like lectures with which they disagree profoundly. But I am happy that I am largely in agreement with the lecture, not least because it leaves me time to elaborate some complementary ideas after these complimentary remarks. As indicated by the title for this contribution, I shall take the perspective of an economist, especially one interested in decision theory, and in the application of decision theory to ethical questions. Also, I shall say something about how other economists regard well-being. But it is one economist's perspective because I am well aware that my views do not represent those of the economics profession as a whole. Perhaps you should be grateful for this, just as I am glad to dissociate myself from some standard economists' views.


In this paper, we describe the overview of our work in STC-3 Chinese Emotional Conversation Generation (CECG) subtask at NTCIR14. We propose a Post & Emotion to Response (P&E2R) model to train emotions together with posts to obtain the responses. We then propose another model called Post to Response & Emotion to Response (P2R&E2R) model to separate the training of emotions from that of grammar and semantics on the basis of the prior model. We try to use these models to explore how to combine emotions with the generation model better. In the evaluation section, the average scores of our models are both over 0.8, which suggests that our proposed models have emotional output capabilities in Chinese.


The Beauty and Joy of Computing (BJC) is a CS Principles (CSP) course created at UC Berkeley to reach high school and university non-majors in computer science. It was chosen for the CSP pilot and endorsed by the College Board as an AP CSP curriculum and PD provider since the first AP CSP exam sitting in 2017. In this workshop, we will provide an overview of the BJC curriculum including course materials, teacher resources, and an introduction to Snap!, the chosen visual programming language of BJC. We will not only cover curriculum updates, Snap! updates, BJC for middle school, BJC in other languages, but also dive into labs with hands-on programming. Some of our experienced BJC Lead Teachers will provide support and answer questions based on personal classroom experience. This workshop is intended to be an introduction and update to the Beauty and Joy of Computing curriculum (bjc.edc.org) and community. This is not intended to be an in-depth experience, but an overview. Note: It is recommended to use least a Chromebook during the workshop in order to achieve the learning outcomes. Also, having Multiple/dual monitors will make for a better experience.


This article takes ATmega32,an AVR microcontroller,as a example to introduce the application principle of Multi-processor communication in the serial communication.Concrete applications and implementations are proposed for sending and receiving program of the software with a brief description.


In this study, we develop a forecasting models, to estimate fuel consumption based on the driving behavior, in which vehicles and routes are known. First, the driving data are collected via telematics and OBDII. Then, the driving fuel consumption formula is used to calculate the estimate fuel consumption, and driving behavior indicators are generated for analysis. Based on statistical analysis method, the driving fuel consumption forecasting model is constructed. Some field experiment results were done in this study to generate hundreds of driving behavior indicators. Based on data mining approach, the Pearson coefficient correlation analysis is used to filter highly fuel consumption related DBIs. Only highly correlated DBI will be used in the model. These DBIs are divided into four classes: speed class, acceleration class, Left/Right/U-turn class and the other category. We then use K-means cluster analysis to group to the driver class and the route class. Finally, more than 12 aggregate models are generated by those highly correlated DBIs, using the neural network model and regression analysis. Based on Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to evaluate from the developed AMs. The best MAPE values among these AM is below 5%.


PURPOSE: To simply bond a plastic molding to a decorative material by press molding a plasticized plastic compound to a decorative material strip-like material held between halves of the mold, and using a clamping frame operating as a knock-out frame during a period of opening the mold. CONSTITUTION: A plasticized plastic compound is supplied to a cavity 4 of an opened mold 1 having a lower side mold half 2 and an upper side mold half 3 in a plasticized state, and pressed by closing the mold 1. In this case, the compound is pressed to at least one decorative strip-like material 15 held between the halves. The material 15 or the strip-like material is held to slip between the halves 2 and 3 in the frame having upper and lower frames 7, 16. Further, a cavity edge is closed like a protruding edge 18 and simultaneously used as a clamping frame for operating as the knock-out frame at the time of opening the mold.


Objective:To observe the effect of low molecular weight heparins calcium in treating 2-type diabetes mellitus with microalbuminria.Methods:98 patients were randomly divided into two groups.The treated group was treated with low molecular weight heparins calcium 5000u twice every day and control group was treated with placeebo twice every day.Results:A week as one therapeutic course.The clincial effect of treatment was evaluated.Conclusion:Low molecular weight heparins calcium can reduce microalbuminria,and hinder the development of diabetic nephropathy.


Writing about 177 AD Celsus claimed that Christians and Jews quarrel with one another very foolishly. 'Their wrangle with one another about Christ is no different from that called in the proverb a fight about the shadow of an ass.' Celsus continues: 'There is nothing worthy of attention in the dispute of Jews and Christians with one another.'


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the proximate composition, mineral content, simultaneous quantitation of water-soluble vitamins like ascorbic acid (C), thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine ( B6) and folic acid ( B9) by HPLC of the fruits of a wild edible fruit, Cucumis hardwickii Royle The in vitro antioxidant properties and HPLC fingerprinting assay for the simultaneous estimation of phenolic acids and flavonoids of the 80 % aqueous ethanol extract of this fruit has also carried out. The fresh fruits of C. hardwickii were collected from Uttarakhand, India the proximate parameters, minerals and toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury were evaluated in the wild edible fruit using standard food analysis techniques. The 80% aqueous (aq.) ethanol extract of the plant was examined for its antioxidant activities. The water soluble vitamins, phenolic acids and flavonoids were estimated by HPLC using Acclaim C 18 column (5 μm particle size, 250 x 4.6 mm), Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph and detection was carried out in photo diode array (PDA) detector. The present study showed the presence of very good amount of protein (11.9±1.36%), carbohydrate (12.57±1.65%) and minerals in various amount. The heavy metals Pb and Cr were detected in very low amount and Cd and Hg were not detected in this fruit.The total phenolic and flavonoid content were found 540.12 ± 1.72 mg/100gm and 74.34 mg/100gm respectively in the plant. The plant contains a very good amount of vitamin C (130.76±0.05 mg/100gm) along with water soluble B vitamins ranged between 0.27 to 1.61 mg/100gm. The HPLC analysis also showed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in various amounts in this wild edible plant. The outcome of investigation indicates that proximate composition, mineral contents and water soluble vitamin content of this fruit under investigation were richer than that of the commercial vegetables and could be used for the nutritional purpose. This fruit is also a good source of natural antioxidants and has beneficial effect to human being. The present study also gives an account of traditional significance of the wild plants under investigation.


In the case of a differential operator containing a gauge field, coefficients of a new heat kernel expansion obtained in a preceding paper (A. P. C. Malbouisson, M. A. R. Monteiro, and F. R. A. Simao, CBPF‐NF‐024/88, to be published in J. Math. Phys.) are calculated. The prior expansion allows it to be shown that the meromorphic structure of the generalized zeta function is much richer than was known previously. Also, an application to anomalies is done, resulting in a general formula for the arbitrary dimension D. The special cases D=2 and D=3 are investigated.


Spoken language generation for dialogue systems requires a dictionary of mappings between semantic representations of concepts the system wants to express and realizations of those concepts. Dictionary creation is a costly process; it is currently done by hand for each dialogue domain. We propose a novel unsupervised method for learning such mappings from user reviews in the target domain, and test it on restaurant reviews. We test the hypothesis that user reviews that provide individual ratings for distinguished attributes of the domain entity make it possible to map review sentences to their semantic representation with high precision. Experimental analyses show that the mappings learned cover most of the domain ontology, and provide good linguistic variation. A subjective user evaluation shows that the consistency between the semantic representations and the learned realizations is high and that the naturalness of the realizations is higher than a hand-crafted baseline.


A serum-free culture system was used to study the in vitro culture of the preantral follicles from bovine ovaries. Follicles with diameters of 100~200μm, dissected mechanically from ovarian cortical slices, were cultured individually in 96-well plates with 250μL McCoy's 5a medium supplemented with 20mM Hepes, 3mM L-glutamine, 0.1%BSA, 29ng/ml testosterone, 2.5μg/ml transferrin and 4ng/ml selenium. The follicles were incubated in a humidified atmosphere with 5%CO 2 at 37℃. The culture medium was changed every 6 days. The results showed that the follicles grew continuously maintaining there normal morphology. Antrum formation occurred after about 10 days of culture. The addition of insulin to the culture medium stimulated the growth of preantral follicles. However, similar effect was not shown for the addition of FSH.


625 HISTORICALLY, SURGEONS HAVE ENDEAVORED to cure disease by designing operations to remove cancers, bypass stenotic blood vessels, resect scarred flesh, replace worn out tissues, and recycle organs. The work sustains immeasurable good. However, when the end of a patient's life arrives, the final phase of the caring continuum finds many surgeons ill at ease with their dying patients. It is certainly not indifference as much as a sense of non-ownership, the surgeon's focus narrow, unfettered by ambiguity. The mind-body dichotomy many surgeons embrace leaves the patient's personal experience of surgery, the emotional minefield beyond cure, to someone else. Not only have surgeons done poorly treating pain,1 we rarely reflect on how we contribute to our patient's suffering. In this regard, Eric Cassell2 has pointed out that the identification of suffering strictly with somatic pain is misleading and distorts the issue because it depersonalizes the sick patient. Richard Selzer, M.D., spoke of the agony of metastatic pancreatic cancer in "Mercy," a story from his prescient 1982 book, Letters to a Young Doctor. He wrote, "In his bed at home he seemed an eighty-pound concentrate of pain from which all other pain must be made by serial dilution."3 When a patient transitions from a goal of cure to a need for caring, surgeons often drift away from the bedside, as if practicing "emotional itinerant surgery." Behaving thus, surgeons risk no small measure of self-extinction, losing little pieces of themselves each time they turn away from the bedside. This is unfortunate because surgery runs at the head of the therapeutic pack in absolute cures and innovative solutions to old problems. Yet, something in our professionalism seems amiss.4 Medical students who are disenchanted with the surgical persona often suggest we have no one to blame but ourselves.5 Women comprise 25% of general surgical residents,6 despite harboring doubts about whether surgical educators can meet their special needs.7 Why are we only now learning about our own inadequacies as preceptors? The contention that surgeons often are not tuned in to the needs of students and patients is supported by Cassell's remark that to successfully alleviate suffering, doctors need to know more about illness than the name of the disease and the science behind it.8 Surgeons champion aggressive invasions of the body, accomplished with a measure of indifference and a talent for maintaining a tight focus on the architecture of the flesh; yet the spasms of terror on the outskirts of bloodshed remain invisible to us. This insouciance, if not outright disdain for pity, has a well-documented historical origin in the era before anesthesia. Still, a surgeon's professional life is surely more than sutures and silastic. As Rachael Remens, M.D., admonishes, life is small when defined only by science (R. Remens, personal communication). Anthropologist Pearl Katz wrote in her book, The Scalpel's Edge,9 "Who but a surgeon routinely and boldly cuts into the most intimate depths of people's live bodies, penetrates their innermost body cavities, exposing blood, guts, and excreta, and cut and remove their organs, burn blood vessels, saw bones, and sew layers of skin?" Katz


Fine-grain scalable audio coding approaches, such as PLEAC, are flexible, can scale from low rates to lossless, and can allow the perceptual model to be updated in the decoder as additional bits are provided. They provide good perceptual quality at mid to high perceptual rates; however, they can not establish the perceptual model rapidly enough to provide good quality at very low bit rates. In this work, we combine a fine grain scalable audio codec with a good base layer audio codec. We use Windows Media Audio 10 Professional (WMA 10 Pro) as the base layer coder, and use the PLEAC codec as the fine grain enhancement codec. The key to this method is to use a base layer codec that provides a very good approximation to the necessary perceptual codec, and then allows the fine grain scalable audio coder to use a simple loudness model on the difference signal. The combined codec can provide continuous scalability from the base layer codec rate all the way to lossless.


A permanent cell line has been established from a human intracranial secondary melanoma. During 3 years of continuous growth in vitro the cells have maintained their characteristic phenotypic properties including melanin production. The cultured cells are highly tumorigenic in the athymic mouse and the tumours produced are histologically identical to the human tumour of origin.


Shared decision making (SDM) is used to involve patients in the decision-making process. Researchers have shown that clinicians, often unintendedly, use steering behavior which may persuade patients to choose for a specific treatment. Well-balanced information provision towards patients can be challenging when participation in a randomized trial is discussed. This study investigates if and how surgeons use steering behavior when patients are eligible to participate in a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial.
 Patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, planned to undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by standard surgery, were included prior to their first surgical consultation. During this consultation, the surgeon discussed the possibility to participate in a trial on active surveillance after nCRT as experimental treatment. Standard care (i.e. surgical resection) was offered to patients who refused participation. Randomization occurred on the institutional level and therefore both surgeons and patients were aware of allocated treatment in the experimental arm before making a decision. Consultations were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
 Twenty consultations were recorded between June and December 2020. Surgeons used various techniques to steer patients towards a specific treatment, mostly towards participation. An imbalanced presentation of pros and cons of treatment options probably influenced patients' preferences: positive framing of active surveillance was used to steer patients towards opting for active surveillance, negative framing of active surveillance was used to make surgical resection more attractive. Besides using steering language, also the timing at which the alternative treatment option was discussed resulted in more focus on either of the treatment options.
 Various types of steering behavior were identified, including an imbalanced presentation of pros and cons, steering language and the timing at which different treatment options were discussed. Awareness of steering behavior in clinicians is the first step in improving objective information provision and thus shared decision making.


This chapter presents an overview of "Evaluations by Theme" among evaluations conducted by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) in FY1999 and FY2000. Full text of the evaluations and findings of "Project Evaluation" published in "Ex-Post Evaluation Report on Yen Loan Projects" of FY2000 and FY2001 editions. The full text of the evaluation is also released in JBIC website (URL: http://www.jbic.go.jp ) on the Internet.


. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is an ozone-depleting substance, which is controlled by the Montreal Protocol and for which the atmospheric abundance is decreasing. However, the current observed rate of this decrease is known to be slower than expected based on reported CCl 4 emissions and its estimated overall atmospheric lifetime. Here we use a three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model to investigate the impact on its predicted decay of uncertainties in the rates at which CCl 4 is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis, by ocean uptake and by degradation in soils. The largest sink is atmospheric photolysis (74 % of total), but a reported 10 % uncertainty in its combined photolysis cross section and quantum yield has only a modest impact on the modelled rate of CCl 4 decay. This is partly due to the limiting effect of the rate of transport of CCl 4 from the main tropospheric reservoir to the stratosphere, where photolytic loss occurs. The model suggests large interannual variability in the magnitude of this stratospheric photolysis sink caused by variations in transport. The impact of uncertainty in the minor the model shows that uncertainty in ocean loss (17 % of total) has the largest impact on modelled CCl 4 decay due to its size-able contribution to CCl 4 loss and large lifetime uncertainty range (147 to 241 years). With an assumed CCl 4 emission rate of 39 Gg year − 1 , the reference simulation with the best estimate of loss processes still underestimates the observed CCl 4 (overestimates the decay) over the past 2 decades but to a smaller extent than previous studies. Changes to the rate of CCl 4 loss processes, in line with known uncertainties, could bring the model into agreement with in situ surface and remote-sensing measurements, as could an in emissions to around 47 Gg year − 1 . Further progress in constraining the is


This report is divided into two main parts, devoted (1) to the Aristoteles Latinus and (2) to the Editions of Latin Commentaries on Aristotle. The report on the Aristoteles Latinus sheds light on recent research on medieval Latin translations of Aristotle's works. Among other things, it discusses the editions published in the context of the Aristoteles Latinus (Meteorologica, translations of Aristippus and William of Moerbeke; the anonymous translation of De motu animalium; De motu animalium-De progressu animalium, translated by William of Moerbeke), and some recent studies and collective volumes on individual texts and translators. The report on Editions of Latin Commentaries on Aristotle gives information for each edition of a commentary on Aristotle that has been published in the last five years (2007-2012) and on those editions that are about to be published or are in preparation or are planned to start within the next five years.


There exists a dearth of corpus driven research on syllable phonotactics of Educated Nigerian Spoken English (ENSE). This study is geared towards filling this gap. It is a descriptive research project into the consonant cluster phonotactics of the spoken English mono-morphemic and polysyllabic words of educated Nigerians. The research considers the various reduction modes whether by insertion, substitution or elision (deletion) and the phonetic environments in which these phenomena thrive in Educated Nigerian Spoken English. The data comprised part of a corpus drawn from the International Corpus of English (ICE), Nigeria data, namely the broadcast interviews (b_int), broadcast news (b_new) and the unscripted speeches (un_sp). The ICE Nigeria data was compiled between 2010 and 2012 at the University of Augsburg and the University of Münster, Germany. The (One million) ICE Nigeria corpus is available online and accessible to interested linguists across the globe. 20 Nigerian postgraduate university students of English were also engaged for collaborative validation of the pronunciation features observed in the ICE, Nigeria data that was employed. The majority of the speakers in the ICE corpus used for this study have Yorùbá as their first language but the entire corpus comprises speakers of at least three major Nigerian Languages. The spoken texts span across formal, semi-formal and informal contexts, respectively. All contexts of feature occurrence were analyzed using both manual (perceptual) and instrumental Taiwo Soneye, Faleye James Oladunjoye 256 methods of analysis. Findings reveal the prevalence of a systematic deletion in triple clustered words in educated Nigerian spoken English (ENSE) some of which potentially lead to misunderstanding in specific contexts.


This study examined the interaction between anxiety and sex-role identification as these variables contribute to the determination of differences in individual male sex-role behavior. The relationship between manifest anxiety and sex-role identification was explored through measurements on 223 college males and through subsequent measurement of their attitudes toward hair spray, a feminine classified product. Significant interaction occurred between the three levels of anxiety; less positive attitudes were associated with the more highly anxious males.


This paper deals with the influence of the passive elements on the synchronization in the ensembles of coupled non-identical Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillators. With a help of numerical experiment it was demonstrated that the introduction of passive elements may lead to both increase and decrease of global synchronization threshold in the system. These results were confirmed analytically using piecewise linear approximation of the Bonhoeffer-van der Pol model. The results obtained for the ensemble of three coupled elements are generalized to the case of two dimensional lattices of non-identical oscillators.


The ability to simulate computer networks enhances the teaching of computer networks concepts. This paper describes three OPNET modules that have been developed for a Computer Networks class. The first module introduces students to OPNET, and how to build, test, and analyze network models. The context of this module is a company that has a local area network (LAN) on a first floor office building, and plans to add an additional network on another floor. In the second module, students develop models of a company's wide area network (WAN). The models are used to study how the performance of the network is affected by the different design decisions that are made to upgrade the network. The third module examines the effect of different network configurations on TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) congestion windows. This paper also discusses ways in which the OPNET modules have been developed so that students learn computer network concepts, and not just how to use OPNET software.


To characterize the differences of caregiver burden in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in order to improve the care counselling and management plan.


An experiment was conducted for three years at Fruit Research Station Chianki for the control of pre-harvest drop in Nagpur Santra (C. reticulata) by spray of plant growth regulators. 2, 4, 5-T at 15 ppm concentration proved to be the most effective treatment for the control of fruit drop. The size and weight of fruit and juice percentage registered an increasing trend with increasing concentration of 2, 4, D, 2, 4, 5-T and NAA. Highest percentage of sugars in fruit was found in the treatment 2, 4, 5-T at 10 and 15 ppm. The increase in titratable acidity and ascorbic acid was not so marked but were higher in treated fruits in comparison to control. Judged from T.S.S., total sugars and sugar/acid ratio it can be concluded that the quality of the fruit was improved as a result of treatment with 2, 4, 5-T and NAA at higher concentrations.


In this paper, a compact circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is proposed and investigated. Through etching a sloping slot on the common broad wall of two SIWs, mode coupling is generated. During the coupling process along the sloping slot, the different guide wavelengths brings phase shift between two modes, which provides possibility for radiating CP wave. Moreover, the two different ports will generate the electric field components of TE01 mode with opposite direction, which indicates the compact SIW horn antenna with dual circularly polarized property can be realized as well. Results indicate that the proposed antenna operates with a wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 11.8% ranging from 17.6 GHz to 19.8 GHz.


Benny Morris attributes his 'conversion' to the political events of the year 2000. This article offers an explanation of his conversion that is internal to his work as a historian of the events of 1948. Through the 1990s Morris was faced with overwhelming evidence that made it difficult for him to continue to escape the fundamental insight that a Jewish state could not have been established in Palestine in 1948 without large-scale Palestinian displacement. Once he started taking this insight fully to heart he confronted a stark choice. Either he had to reject the worthiness of the Zionist dream, or he had to find a means of justifying the displacement it necessitated as a lesser evil than the evil of leaving the dream unrealised. His conversion is a coming to terms with this choice. Anyone who is interested in adopting a coherent position towards the establishment of the state of Israel and the Palestinian Nakba is confronted with a similar choice. Morris's pre and post conversion attitudes clarify the tw...


The thesis deals with the role of questionnaire surveys. The first part is focused on marketing research, questionnaire, problems in compiling surveys and subsequent processing of data. The second part deals with the demonstration of the creation questionnaire and subsequent processing of information on individual questions.


This study analysed students' errors in solving problems related to logarithm properties and logarithm equations. It is a qualitative case study. The participants were 11 out of 66 public senior high school students in Yogyakarta of the class X MIPA 5 and X MIPA 6 who enrolled in Supplementary Mathematics course. They were purposively selected because when the result of the test was given back to the 66 students and after two weeks these 66 students were asked to recollect their result of the test, only 11 students who still keep their result. Miles & Huberman model of qualitative data analysis was used in this study. Four types of errors that adapted from a framework proposed by Movshovitz-Hadar, Zaslavsky, and Inbar [1] were used to categorize the errors made by students. This study found that the common errors made by students were technical error, distorted theorem or definition, unverified solution, and misused data with the number of errors of 24 (38.71%), 15 (24.19%), 12 (19.36%), and 11 (17.74%) respectively. This finding indicates that the students were careless in calculating or manipulating algebraic operation, tendentious to treat "log" as a variable, and deficient in mastering the concept of exponent and logarithm.


Data communication traffic keeps on increase owing to an evolution of higher-resolution video streaming service and the wide spread of mobile devices, among others. Digital coherent technology with multilevel modulation formats is an attractive solution to satisfy the strong traffic demand and has already been adopted in 100-Gbit/s ultra-long haul systems. In the next generation, the application area will be extended to metropolitan area networks, which require smaller-sized, lower-power optical components to realize higher port density and larger transmission capacity per single port(1). We have demonstrated 128-Gbit/s dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK*1) modulators and receivers realized compactness by using InP-based optical devices(2),(3). This paper outlines that a 224-Gbit/s dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM*2) modulator module, which includes all of an InP-based modulator, four linear driver ICs, and polarization multiplexing micro-optics, exhibits performance comparable to LiNbO3-based modulators(4).


A MANOVA statistic based on rank scores is proposed and its distribution derived along the lines of Puri and Sen (1966). Using the simultaneous inference approach of Gabriel (1967) this statistic is shown to provide a procedure which simultaneously tests all sub-groups of samples on all subsets of variables, and to set simultaneous confidence bounds on all location differences. The formulae for actual ranks, i.e., Wilcoxon type scores, are worked out explicitly.


To evaluate the use of mirror test in an open field arena as a visual function assessment tool in a rodent model of diabetes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into diabetic rats, that received intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight) for induction of diabetes, and control rats that similarly received citrate buffer. Rats with a blood glucose level of more than 20 mmol/L were considered diabetic. Blood glucose was monitored weekly throughout the experimental period. General behavioural assessment of the rats was done at week 12 post-induction using open field arena, followed by visual-behavioural assessment with mirror and reversed mirror added in the arena. Subsequently, rats were euthanised and subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) staining to assess changes in retinal morphology. In the open field test, diabetic rats showed a lesser number of zone crossings (3.73-fold, p<0.001), total distance travelled (2.02-fold, p<0.001), number of rearing episodes (2.22-fold, p<0.001) and number of grooming episodes (4.33-fold, p<0.01) but a greater number of freezing episodes (2.47-fold, p<0.001) and number of the faecal pellet (4.17-fold, p<0.01) compared to control rats. Control rats spent more time with higher zone entries toward mirrored than non-mirrored and reversed mirror zones (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively), whereas diabetic rats showed no preference for zones.  Normal rats also showed higher freezing episodes within the mirrored zone compared to diabetic rats (2.00-fold, p<0.05). The retinal morphometry showed significant thinning of various retinal layers in the diabetic group compared to control rats. Visual behavioural activities of diabetic rats in an open field arena with the presence of a mirror could detect the presence of visual loss. Changes in visual functions positively correlated with changes in retinal morphology. Therefore, an open field mirror test could be used as an alternative for assessing visual function in the rodent model of diabetes.


The present invention provides compositions containing micronized tanaproget, desirably provides pharmaceutical compositions. The compositions can also contain microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, micronized edetate calcium disodium hydrate, and micronized sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. The composition, contraception and hormone replacement therapy, and myometrial fibroids, benign prostatic hyperplasia, neoplastic diseases of benign and malignant, dysfunctional bleeding, uterine smooth muscle species, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, and pituitary, endometrium, kidney, ovary, breast, colon and prostate cancers and adenocarcinomas, and treatment and / or prophylaxis of other hormone-dependent tumors, and for the preparation of a medicament useful for them it is useful. Additional applications include stimulation of food intake.


What more appropriate figure is there than James Ralph to rouse a storm in a teacup, or at least a ripple in a coffeecup? An American playwright none of whose plays have been in print since the middle of the eighteenth century, and none of whose plays have ever been printed or until this year performed in America, James Ralph has only one distinction. His ballad opera, The Fashionable Lady; or, The Harlequin Opera, performed at Goodman's Fields in April 1730 is said by the Dictionary of American National Biography to have been the first American play to be performed in England; Frank Pierce Hill, in American Plays Printed 1714-1830, notes that it was "probably the first printed play by a native American which was actually produced by professional players."


We consider the problem of automatically extracting simplified models out of complex high-dimensional and time-dependent data. The simplified model is given by a linear Langevin equation with time-varying coefficients. The reduced model may still be high-dimensional, but it is physically intuitive and much easier to interpret than the original data. In particular we can distinguish whether certain dynamical effects are influenced by friction, noise, or systematic drift.
The parameters for the reduced model are obtained by a robust and efficient numerical predictor-corrector scheme which relies on analytical solutions to a maximum-likelihood problem provided the time steps between successive observations are not too large. Our approach emphasizes the specific hypoelliptic structure of the Langevin equation given high-dimensional observation data, and therefore can be considered as complemetary to the procedure recently proposed in \emph{Horenko et al. (submitted SIAM MMS, 2007)} by one of the authors, or to the problem of incomplete (one-dimensional) observations \emph{Pokern et al. (submitted to JRSSB, 2007)}. If the data set is very heterogeneous the time series is better described not by a single model, but by a collection of reduced models. This scenario is accounted for by embedding the parameter estimation procedure into the framework of hidden Markov models which it is particularly suited to treat high-dimensional data. That is, we decompose the data into several subsets, each of which gives rise to an appropriate linear Langevin model, where the switching between the local model is done by a Markov jump process. The optimal decomposition into submodels can then be regarded as one global Langevin model with piecewise constant coefficients. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm by means of several examples. Especially we focus on the numerical error as a function of the time step of the observation sequence.


Prior to its use in sour production, a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) must undergo a series of tests as part of an evaluation program to demonstrate suitability for service. Upon successful completion of this extensive evaluation program, the alloy is considered to be "qualified". The multi-step process of qualification and its guiding philosophy are presented in general as well a detailed discourse on testing CRA's with respect to resistance to environmentally assisted cracking. The paper concludes with examples of three CRA's that have been qualified; their limits of use in production environments are discussed.


Physicochemical properties, spectral properties, starus quo and application of raspberry ketone are introduced. Research progress situation in chemical synthesis of raspberry ketone at home and abroad are summarized.


During the years, grid connected operation in power systems has been the key factor for renewable energy resource to be able to exchange energy to the electrical grid. However, with the increase of small power systems and micro-grids, the standalone operation and the blackstart of the power system has been increasingly considered a demand in most of power converters connected to the micro-grid system. The grid-forming power converter strategy has been widely used in micro-grid scenarios, taking the virtual synchronous machine concept behind it. This emulation of a synchronous machine benefits the power converter with additional features, such as island operation or blackstart. In this regard, this paper presents a resynchronization system for a grid-forming power converters, based on the synchronous power control, the match the phase angle of the utility grid prior to its connection.