This study expands the capabilities for ultratrace proteomic analysis of our previous work by incorporating on‐line sample desalting using a triphasic (RP/strong cation exchange (SCX)/micro‐SPE) trapping column connected to a 3.2 m×10 μm id poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) (PS‐DVB) porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column. To minimize extra sample handling steps, C18 RP packing was incorporated in the capillary tubing upstream of the SCX column for the on‐line desalting. For the micro‐SPE column, a 50 μm id PS‐DVB monolithic column was positioned downstream of the SCX column. High‐performance separation was achieved on the PLOT column at a mobile phase flow rate of 20 nL/min. The sensitivity and high resolution capability of the new multidimensional platform was evaluated using an in‐gel tryptic digested sample of a cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line. For the injected amount of 1200 cells (∼500 ng), over 2700 peptides covering greater than 850 unique proteins were identified from the triphasic SCX/PLOT/MS analysis of a single SDS gel section (>40 kDa). The 2‐D LC/MS platform demonstrated good separation performance, such that more than 85% of the identified peptides were detected from only one salt fraction. In a triplicate analysis of the above >40 kDa gel section, 4497 peptides and 1209 unique proteins were identified when applying stringent filtering criteria, with a false‐positive rate of 2.4%. When all three SDS‐PAGE gel sections of the lysed SiHa cells were analyzed, 5047 peptides and 1857 unique proteins (false‐positive rate 1.8%), including cancer‐related proteins such as MAP kinases, were identified.


Background Multipotent stromal cells (MSC) are expanded ex vivo for various clinical applications. Between MSC cultures from different donors a large variation is observed in proliferative potential and in the capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. Methods We generated primary and secondary MSC colonies (CFU-F) from human bone marrow and investigated their frequency, differentiation potential and proliferation rate in order to find correlates to the proliferative potential of MSC cultured in bulk and to unravel the hierarchical relations We observed a correlation between the proliferative potential and the osteogenic differentiation potential, i.e. colonies with osteogenic differentiation capacity showed a high proliferative potential. Vice versa, fast proliferating colonies had a higher osteogenic differentiation capacity than slowly proliferating colonies. We propose a hierarchical model in which osteogenic colonies are more primitive than unipotent adipogenic colonies and in which cells gradually lose their differentiation potential, concurrently with a loss in proliferative capacity. adipogenic potential. Our results contribute to the understanding of the composition of the MSC pool, which might add to the optimization of MSC expansion for clinical application.


Abstract : This report gives a detailed description of parsing and dimensionality propagation for the Equational Programming Language compiler. The Equational Programming Language, called EPL, is a very high-level declarative language designed to specify parallel and real-time computations. The EPL compiler translates equational specifications into procedural, high level language (currently C). The compiler itself is written in C for UNIX based systems. Automated tools YACC and LEX has been used for lexical analysis and parsing. Detailed description is given of the design and implementation of the algorithms for building different structures (such as symbol table, equation trees, etc.). These structures are used by subsequent post-parsing analysis and code-generation phases of the EPL compiler. The description of the algorithm for dimensionality propagation is also included.


Steganography has the main purpose which is to send a message to a recipient while concealing the content of the message to others. In this study, rubik's cube steganography method is used as the stego message positioning technique for text message insertion into a digital image. The rubik's cube scrambling pattern is used as a reference for the text message insertion into a digital image. To reduce errors during disruptions, convolutional code for error correction method is used. Based on the test results of this system, when not disturbed and the secret message is still within the limit of insertion capacity obtained BER value: 0 with the value of PSNR above 75 dB. The number of characters that can be inserted onto the cover with convolutional code is less when compared to insertion without convolutional code. System test using Salt & Pepper Noise, Gaussian Noise, Poisson Noise, Localvar Noise, resizing, cropping, rotating, brightness


The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that allows for an estimate of the hydroclimatic influence on an inland pond system on San Salvador, Bahamas. The methodology utilizes the Hydrologic Landscape Unit (HLU) model, a new conceptual model that offers hydrologists and water-resource managers more flexibility in representing the components of the unique and complex hydrologic systems of small carbonate islands. For this case study, a linear regression model was developed to empirically assess the HLU. This analysis separates tidal and climatic impacts on water levels of the pond and indicates that astronomical tides dominate, explaining 65% of the variance in pond water-level observations. Further, clusters of days with positive and negative outliers identified in the linear regression analysis were compared to precipitation events to determine response of water levels to climatic inputs. More than 78% of the days with positive outliers were associated with precipitation events and 83% of the days with negative outliers in Crescent Pond were explained by a lack of precipitation, signifying cumulative evaporation effects. Thus, while tidal variation is the principle forcing mechanism for Crescent Pond water-level variability, significant interaction between the atmosphere and the pond surface can be identified with this methodology at the daily to weekly time scale. Such a tool can be used by hydrologists and water-resource managers on small carbonate islands to assess the degree of freshwater input into inland water bodies and the appropriate time scale for potential freshwater harvest.


The honor-upholding mentality is also called the sense of honor.This paper makes a classification of honor-upholding mentality from different angles,analyzes various psychological states,and discusses the importance of advocating honor and knowing shame and its significance in moral education.


This study aims to analyze the prospects of salt industries in Maluku Province based on climate information. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach that uses meteorological time series data obtained from the BPS-Statistics Indonesia of Maluku Province. The data collected is the amount of rainfall, number of rainy days, and temperature in 2018. The analysis results conclude that Maluku Province has prospects for developing salt industries. Based on the climate information, the most appropriate locations for the industry establishment are Saumlaki, Geser, and Namlea, and the recommended period for production is July to November.


This paper presents a new approach for the design of feature-extracting recognition networks that do not require expert knowledge in the application domain. Feature-Extracting Recognition Networks (FERNs) are composed of interconnected functional nodes (feurons), which serve as feature extractors, and are followed by a subnetwork of traditional neural nodes (neurons) that act as classifiers. A concurrent evolutionary process (CEP) is used to search the space of feature extractors and neural networks in order to obtain an optimal recognition network that simultaneously performs feature extraction and recognition. By constraining the hill-climbing search functionality of the CEP on specific parts of the solution space, i.e., individually limiting the evolution of feature extractors and neural networks, it was demonstrated that concurrent evolution is a necessary component of the system. Application of this approach to a handwritten digit recognition task illustrates that the proposed methodology is capable of producing recognition networks that perform in-line with other methods without the need for expert knowledge in image processing.


ABSTRACT This article examines the complexities of women's increasing participation in international development programming for gender equality. Taking a specific setting in rural Kyrgyzstan where one such project has been operating, the researchers discover adverse effects on the local women's livelihoods, status and health. Women's contradictions are attributed to the women's own failures and lacks, creating confusion and frustration among them. Adopting Smith's institutional-ethnography approach, we explicate and map out the hidden processes which must be held accountable for these reactionary outcomes, taking women's experiences as entry points to inquiry. We find that the reactionary effects are not accidental but organized, powerfully, systematically but invisibly, by taken-for-granted institutional practices serving the purposes of global development institutions, where women are seen as instruments of global economic growth. The analysis provokes critical discussion of 'how' and 'what' it takes to transform Central Asian women into 'empowered' people.


NaKATPase provides energy for the transcellular Na transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL). The hypertonic transport out of TAL is considered to be the primary driving force for the formation of hypertonic urine. To examine the role of Na-transport in TAL for the ontogeny of the urinary concentrating capacity we have compared the development of NaKATPase activity in TAL and the capacity to concentrate urine in 12-40 day old rats. The enzyme activity (pmol Pi/mm tubule/h) was not different in 12 and 16 day old rats, increased rapidly between 16 and 20 days (1078 ± 93 → 2189 ± 102) and at a slower rate between 20 and 40 days (→ 3767 ± 324). The relation between enzyme activity in the cortical and medullary TAL was found to be the same in 20- and 40-day old rats and most enzyme determinations were made in the medullary TAL. The developmental patterns for NaKATPase activity in TAL and urinary concentrating capacity were strikingly similar. The developmental increase in NaKATPase activity and concentrating capacity between 16 and 20 days of age was accompanied by an increase in serum corticosterone level and was abolished by adrenalectomy. Treatment with glucocorticoid hormones precociously induced NaKATPase activity and concentrating capacity in 13-16 day old rats but had no effect on NaKATPase activity in 17-20 day old rats. The increase in enzyme activity from 20 to 40 days of age was accompanied by an increase in SNGFR.The results suggest that NaKATPase activity in TAL is an important determinant of the concentrating capacity during development. The developmental surge in NaKATPase activity and concentrating capacity between 16 and 20 days of age is probably set off by the rise in the serum corticosterone level.


This research aimed to test: 1) significant effect of tangibles, reliability,
responsive, assurance and empathy variables simultaneously affected the
Banjarnegara AJB Bumiputera customer's satisfaction;2) the effect of customer's
satisfaction significantly affected the image of the company. Independent
variables used were tangibles, reliability, responsive, assurance, and empathy.
The populations of this research were the customers of AJB Bumiputera. The
samples were obtained by giving the questionnaire directly to the customers of
AJB Bumiputera. The total samples were determined by using Sugiyono formula
with total samples of 80.
This test was done by using multiple regression analysis and the
hypothesis test result of this research showed: 1) tangibles, reliability, responsive,
assurance, and empathy variables had an effect toward the customer's
satisfaction, and 2) customer's satisfaction variable significantly affected on the
image of the company.


Despite efforts to integrate hearing conservation programs into the workplace, noise-induced hearing loss remains the number one cause of disability among North American workers. To better assess the risk in the workplace, changes in workers' hearing health can be correlated with the level of ambient noise. The purpose of the study presented below is to develop an approach to improve hearing conservation practises by continuously monitoring otoacoustic emissions.


IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) to local anaesthetics are extremely uncommon. One of the most widely used local anaesthetics for minor dental and other surgical procedures is lidocaine. The incidence of anaphylactic reaction by Inj. Lidocaine among global population is <1%. The first anaphylactic reaction reported in 1902. A 69-year-old female patient shifted to community hospital emergency department. She presented with complaints of vertigo, anxiety, tachypnoea, hypoxia, and sudden onset of breathlessness. History revealed on administration of Inj. Lidocaine a local anaesthesia to her before knee surgery developed above-mentioned symptoms after 15 minutes. After receiving her from OT patient vitals observed as pulse rate-97bpm, GRBS-140mg/dl, blood pressure-170/70mmHg, spo95% with 0. On emergency basis treated her with anti-histamines (Inj. Chlorpheniramine), steroids (Inj. Hydrocortisone-400mg, Inj.solumedrol-1gm), oxygen support of 7 to 8 lit/min, after 4 days she recovered completely and discharged. We used a scale (Naranjo scale) to evaluate the severity of the adverse drug reaction as per scale, score was five that indicates probability of happening adverse reaction. We conclude the case as anaphylactic reaction to lidocaine could have been cause of the event. It is important to collect patients complete past medical history and their allergic history. Also by giving importance to drug sensitivity testing at least to the list of drugs that are reported to show allergic reactions or anaphylactic reactions in post marketing surveillance. Optimised management protocols can save both the patient life and dilemma faced by physicians.


A new acridone alkaloid, citropsine A (1), and thirteen known compounds (2 - 14) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the stem bark of Citropsis articulata. Structures of all compounds were determined by detailed analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, mass spectrometric data and by comparison with previously known analogs. Graphical Abstract Acridone Alkaloids and Coumarins from the Stem Bark of Citropsis articulata (Rutaceae)


Optical disks are widely used in medicine, mainly for image archival purposes. Most of those currently in use are WORM (Write-Once, Read-Many) type disks. Magneto-optical disks (MODS) have been developed, and 130-mm type disks are already commercially available. Because of the flexibility of MODs, IS&C (Image Save and Carry) system using MODs instead of WORM was proposed in 1989, and standardization has been completed with the support of Japanese government ministries. This paper reviews the IS&C system and explains the requirements for filing systems in medicine. Medical file systems must have a file protection mechanism in addition to one that users can control. Such a mechanism was designed exclusively for medical IS&C systems, and its concept is explained. This paper concludes by suggesting possibilities for objectification of medical data, a long-desired goal.


Abstract : The primary objective of this research is to investigate the usability of mechanical actuators, manufactured using MEMS technology, in the control of high-speed, compressible free shear flows. Appropriate development of MEMS-based actuators for flow control applications must address two issues: (1) the ability of the micron-size amplitude and forces of the MEMS devices to affect larger-scale flows with orders of magnitude higher energy, and (2) the survivability of the fairly fragile actuators when they are exposed to the flow in which they are embedded. Therefore, the current investigation is aimed at testing MEMS actuators for the purpose of controlling supersonic jet screech. For this application, the high-speed, highly-unsteady nature of the flow during screech provides a reasonably harsh environment for testing the survivability of the actuators. Furthermore, the shear layer surrounding the jet at its exit is known to be highly unstable to minute disturbances in the vicinity of the lip of the jet, and hence it is anticipated that the micron-size disturbances introduced by the MEMS actuators will be amplified through the shear layer instability mechanisms to produce large scale effects on the jet itself.


Few surveys of ticks have been performed in the Mediterranean area or southern Europe (Oswald, 1939; Pomerantzev, 1950; FeldmanMuhsam and Saturen, 1961; Kohler et a/., 1967; Badescu et a/., 1968; Hoffmann et a/., 1971; Le Riche et a/., 1974; Monov et a/., 1977; Liebisch and Zukari, 1978; Yeruham et a/., 1996). The present report, of a 2-year study of the ticks parasitising sheep on pasture in Israel, describes the most frequent attachment sites of the ticks and the prevalences of infestation. The study was conducted in GivatShemesh, in the western Judean foothhills (25 km west of Jerusalem), 250-350 m above sea level. The sheep studied formed two flocks permanently kept on the same area of pasture. Together, these flocks consisted of 60 fattailed Awassi hoggets (all first-lambing females) and 294 ewes. Seven ewes and four hoggets, chosen randomly from each flock, were checked weekly throughout the study period. Ticks were collected into plastic bottles, separately from each of four sites on each animal checked: (1) head and ears; (2) neck and body; (3) tail; and (4) legs. The ticks were then classified to species and stage of development, and counted, in the laboratory. Identification was based on the keys of Feldman-Muhsam (1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956), Adler and Feldman-Muhsam (1948), and Hoogstraal (1956). Overall, 50 816 ticks (11 129 pre-imaginal stages and 39 687 adults) were collected from the sheep. Although five genera and eight species were represented in the collection, five species predominated: Rlzipiceplza/us turanicus (Pomerantzev, 1936) [which might be synonymous with R. sanguineus secundus described by Fcldman-Muhsam (1956)], Rhipicephalus bursa (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877), Haemaphysalis otoplzila (Schulze, 1918), H aemaphysalis cretica (Senevet and Caminopetros, 1936), and Hyalomma anato/icum excavatum (Koch, 1844). Pre-imaginal stages of only one of these five commoner species (R. bursa) were collected. The abundance and corporeal distribution of these five species are summarized in the Table. Rhipicephalus turanicus, a three-host tick, was the most abundant species (30.6% of the ticks collected). The adults were found on the sheep in the months of January-August, with a main peak in February-April and a second, smaller peak in June-July. Nearly all (97. 7%) were collected from the head and ears (see Table). This species is widespread on domestic and wild hosts in the Near East (Hoogstraal, 1956; Pegram et a/., 1989), the pre-imaginal stages feeding on domestic cats, several species of rodent, hedgehogs and hares (Sonenshine and Ziv, 1971; Walker et a/., 2000). This tick might transmit Coxiella burnetti (Theodor and Costa, 1967; Walker eta/., 2000). Pre-imaginal and adult R. bursa, a two-host tick, comprised 25.3% of the ticks collected from the sheep. The pre-imaginal stages were found on the animals in the winter period (October-February), with a peak in November-December, whereas the adults first appeared in April, reaching a peak in May and remaining on the animals until July. Larvae and nymphs were found mainly in the ears and on the legs (99.6%), but the adults were mostly found either on the tail (41.7%) or on the udder, belly and groin (30.7%). Similar distributions have been reported on sheep in Syria and Cyprus (Kohler et a/., 1967; Le Riche eta/., 1974). As a vector of Babesia ovis, R. bursa is considered a major parasite of sheep (Yeruham eta/., 1998), and it may also transmit Ba. motasi, Theileria separata, Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia ovina, CrimeanCongo haemorrhagic fever virus and Thogoto virus (Walker eta/., 2000). This species seems more abundant in Israel than previously suspected (Feldman-Muhsam, 1953), although


The challenges confronting neighbouring South African countries such as Zimbabwe continues to increase as a result of the economic down turn it experiences. Consequently people are forced to break barriers in order to cross to South Africa in an attempt to settle down. Their settlement in South Africa presents the reality that their children have to attend South African schools with the attendant challenges and opportunities. Not much is known about how the children of immigrants from Zimbabwe acculturate to the school environment and the South African cultures. Utilising a qualitative case study approach, legitimate peripheral participation, semistructured interviews and observation, this paper explores the impact of familial and school experiences of immigrant children from Zimbabwe on their acculturation to the school environment and the society of sojourn. The study sample consisted of four male immigrant children from Zimbabwe and their parents. The study revealed that familial dynamics seemed to predispose Zimbabwean immigrant children to receive incessant protection in terms of the culture to adopt and the culture to refuse. They were trained at the home front to imbibe their home-based culture and not to inculcate the mainstream culture. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1039


Objective To examine the pressure gradient and peripheral fractional flow reserve (pFFR) measured by a pressure wire as indicators of hemodynamic significance in iliofemoral angiographic intermediate stenosis. Background The utility of pressure measurements using a pressure wire with vasodilators is unclear in cases with intermediate iliofemoral stenosis. Methods The mean pressure gradient (MPG) and mean pressure ratio (MPR) were measured at baseline and after injection of isosorbide dinitrate in 23 lesions with angiographically intermediate iliofemoral stenosis. Patients with complex lesions, infrapopliteal artery lesions, chronic total occlusion, and surgical bypass grafts were excluded. Hyperemic MPR was considered equivalent to pFFR. Changes in parameters in response to vasodilators were assessed and correlations of peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) with hyperemic MPG and pFFR were examined using duplex ultrasound. Results After injection of isosorbide dinitrate, hyperemic MPG increased significantly (from 9.0±5.7 to 16.3±6.2 mmHg; P<0.05) and hyperemic MPR (pFFR) decreased significantly (from 0.92±0.06 to 0.81±0.07; P<0.05). PSVR was significantly correlated with hyperemic MPG (R=0.52; P<0.05) and pFFR (R=−0.50; P<0.05). The optimal cut-off value of pFFR as an indicator of significant hemodynamic stenosis (PSVR >2.5) was 0.85 (area under the curve 0.72; sensitivity 94%; specificity 50%, P<0.05). Conclusion pFFR measured using a pressure wire is reliable for prediction of hemodynamic significance in iliofemoral intermediate stenosis.


Objective: To observe the efficiency of acupuncture for regulating body weight among overweighed young or middle aged women.Methods: A self controlled study was conducted on 71 overweighed women that were treated with drug sticking instrument for ear acupuncture point.Changes in body weight,body mass index,body fat percentage,waist to hip ratio,and body circumference before and after the treatment,or in different treatment courses were observed and compared.Particularly,weight and body fat percentage were used as indicators to evaluate the efficiency of acupuncture for regulating body weight among overweighed young or middle aged women.Results: The total effective rate after the 1st,2nd,3rd treatment course were 50.70%,78.87%,97.18% for weight loss and 92.96 %,98.59% and 98.59% for fat loss.Body weight,body mass index,body fat percentage,waist to hip ratio,and body circumference after 1st,2nd,3rd treatment course were all significantly lower than that before the treatment(P0.05-0.01),and the efficacy of treatment showed a growing trend with the length of treatment increased(P0.05-0.01).Conclusion: As an efficient therapy for overweight,acupuncture is efficient for regulating body weight.


PURPOSE
To report a technique of using a modified Kopans wire to localize ground glass pulmonary nodules prior to resection.

METHODS
CT-guided preoperative localization of ground glass nodules was performed using the modified Kopans wire.

RESULTS
In both cases, the wire successfully localized the ground glass nodule and the surgeon was able to remove the nodule during video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative CT-guided insertion of the modified Kopans wire can result in successful wedge resection of ground glass nodules. The reinforced segment of the modified Kopans wire serves as an excellent source of palpation and localization for the surgeon.


Poverty data vary in rural areas, in certain states or regions, and some urban areas. These areal data tends to have spatial autocorrelation. A Bayesian hierarchical model is commonly used to estimates the risks using a combination of available covariate data and a set of spatial random effects. These random effects are commonly modelled by conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior distributions, a type of Markov random field model. Spatial autocorrelation between the random effects, ϕ in CAR models is induced by a n × n neighbourhood matrix, W. However, many studies assumed that the W is fixed when fitting the model. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of the Poisson-log linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model with m-nearest neighbourhood weight matrices using a simulation study. This study creates simulated poverty data for 66 districts of Kelantan with different scenarios that related with random effects and covariate. A Poisson log-linear Leroux CAR model with m = 1, 5 and 10 nearest neighbours are applied to the simulated poverty data. The performance of the models is evaluated using bias, Root Mean Square of Error (RMSE) and Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The results show that the choice of m = 1, 5 and 10 neighbourhood matrices and scenarios do not affect the bias for either the regression parameter β or the risk Rk and RMSE for the risk Rk . Nevertheless, there is the dissimilarity of the performance of the models in the RMSE of regression parameter β. The results suggest that the Poisson log-linear Leroux CAR model with the m = 5 nearest neighbours performed overall best for simulated poverty data. It consistently gives good results across different strength of spatial autocorrelation of random effects ϕ and covariate. The model also gives the lowest DIC in all the scenarios, indicating a better fitting model than other models. The findings of this study give guidance in choosing the suitable m-nearest neighbourhood matrices to estimate the poverty risk in Kelantan.


Regional income convergence has been subject of extensive research over the last decades. A seminal work on income convergence and growth was done by Solow (1956). After that, several papers had examined the characteristics and nature of the convergence process across countries and states, such as Baumol (1986), Barro and Sala-I-Martin (1992, 1997), Mankiw, Weil and Romer (1992), Quah (1996), among others. In Brazil, Azzoni (1997), Ellery Jr. and Ferreira (1996) and Ferreira (1999) have studied income convergence among Brazilian states. More recently, economic growth models have incorporated geographic variables in their econometric estimations. Variables such as latitude, temperature, rainfall, climate zone and distance from the coast are often used as proxies for geographic variables in growth models. Sachs et al. (2001) had emphasized the distance from sea trade and temperate climate zones as important geographic variables that affect economic growth. Coastal


The invention relates to a performance-oriented optimization design method for a magneto-rheological damping unit. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining performance demands and required data of a user; determining an external design parameter and a to-be-optimized internal design parameter; performing dimensionless processing and determining a specific value or range; establishing a magnetic field intensity calculation model and the like of the damping unit; establishing a performance model of the damping unit; establishing and running an optimization parameter for a length-diameter ratio of the specific damping unit to obtain a corresponding optimization parameter and an optimized parameter; and finally within a given length-diameter ratio range, drawing out the corresponding optimization parameter and an optimization performance sensitivity curve, and according to an application environment and the like, flexibly determining the external design parameter on the performance sensitivity curve. The method can be applied to external (internal) coil type annular damping clearances, provides an accurate, reliable and clear dimensionless parameter influence curve for performance analysis of the magneto-rheological damping unit, and realizes optimization design of the magneto-rheological damping unit.


We propose a scheme to generate arbitrary Fock states |N> in a cavity QED using N resonant Rydberg atoms. The atom-field interaction times are controlled via Stark-shifts adjusted in a way that each atom transfers a photon to the cavity, turning atomic detections useless. Fluctuations affecting the control of the atom-field interactions are also considered.


In this paper numerical calculation of frequency sensitivity of a planar device using flnite element is presented. The flnite element method has been shown to be an e-cient and ∞exible way of computing the equivalent circuit parameters of N-port planar devices (microstrip, stripline, rectangular waveguide, etc.). In addition it can provide at little extra cost the sensitivity of admittance parameters to change in operating frequency. This way, frequency sensitivity of the equivalent circuit parameters can be found by two dimensional flnite element method. This approach has been implemented by triangular flnite elements and the sensitivity was computed for microstrip bend: the agreement with previously published result was excellent. 1. INTRODUCTION In this paper we describe how Foster reaction theorem and flnite element can be used to calculate Y parameter frequency sensitivity of a planar device using data of a single simulation and at a little extra computational cost A planar device can be deflned as one in which electromagnetic flelds do not vary signiflcantly in one dimension (1,2) so that the simulation can be carried out in a plane. Rectangular waveguide at dominant mode is an example of perfect planar device. After introduction of magnetic wave guide model for analysis of microstrip structures (3) these classes of microwave structures were added in planar devices by using equivalent relative permittivity, width and magnetic walls at two side ends (3,4). Determining frequency sensitivity can be help full in determining broadband calculation of circuit parameters since in each simulation beside the circuit parameters their sensitivity relative to frequency gets calculated. In resonant structures calculating frequency sensitivity due to change in structure parameter can be very useful for tuning bandwidth. 2. THEORY Because our goal is to calculate the frequency sensitivity of planar device we flrst begin by deflning equivalent circuit parameters and planar device. We assume ei and hi are tangential electric and magnetic fleld at port i due to the dominant mode wave incident on port i, when this wave carries unit real power to the port. In general tangential electric and magnetic fleld on ports are


Website technology can enable client that not have direct access to counseling because of disabilities, distance limitations, economic barriers, and stigma from society. It takes skills in logo counseling process using website technology, especially knowledge about counselor's perspective towards client, anyone who is in the process of online interactive characters, communication strengths and challenges, and counselor strategy to manage client's emotion. The ability of the counselor needs to be prepared to be skilled at listening, observing and reflecting the client's feelings, using questions and advanced empathy, practicing exploration skills, closeness , and confrontation through online interactive characters . This paper aims to describe and analyze website technology functions and counselor's roles in improving online interactive characters in logo counseling process. Character expresses roles of social, emotion, and organized personality for the purpose of logo counseling. Character utilizing social response is a natural reaction to interactive media. Interactive media is social partner and realistic in logo counseling website which simulating real world interaction. Interactive characters in logo counseling website showed a great opportunities for the client and the counselor to improve online experiences.


Reversible logic has presented with great significance in the recent years because of its characteristics of reduction in power dissipation. Applications of reversible logic circuits lies in the area of Low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, DNA computing etc. Wide range of researchers are currently works on sequential and combinational circuits with the help of reversible logic. Decoders are one of the most significant circuits which are used in combinational logic. Various approaches have been proposed for their design. In this article, we have proposed a design of 2:4 decoder. These proposed circuits will be implemented with the help of CMOS BSIM4 model. Proposed design will be efficient in terms of constant inputs, garbage outputs, quantum cost. The reversible logic based design will be implemented and simulated using tanner EDA tool. Performance analysis of the design will be done considering various parameters.


Abstract This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.


Three morphospecies of the genus Uronychia, i.e. U. setigera Calkins, 1902, U. binucleata Young, 1922, and U. multicirrus Song, 1997, were collected from the coastal waters of Gumjin-ri on the East Sea and the public waterfront of Incheon on the Yellow Sea in Korea, respectively. These species are described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, silver nitrate impregnation, and their morphometrics. Diagnostic keys for these species are also provided. In addition, their small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were compared with previously known sequences of Uronychia species. Diagnostics of three Uronychia species are as follows: U. setigera: 50-80 μm long in vivo, oval-shaped, 2 macronuclear nodules (Ma), 1 spur on the left margin, 11 adoral membranelles (AM) 1, 4 AM2 , 1 buccal cirrus (BC), 4 frontal cirri (FC), 3 left marginal cirri (LMC), 2 ventral cirri (VC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 3 caudal cirri (CC), 6 dorsal kineties (DK), and approximately 23 cilia in the leftmost kinety. U. binucleata: 70-110 μm long in vivo, oval to slightly rectangular shaped, 2 Ma, 1 micronucleus (Mi), 2 spurs on the posterior region, 11 AM1, 4 AM2, 1 BC, 4 FC, 3 LMC, 2 VC, 5 TC, 3 CC, 6 DK, and approximately 37 cilia in the leftmost kinety. U. multicirrus: 140-200 μm long in vivo, oval to slightly rectangular shaped, ca. 7 Ma, 1 Mi, 11 AM1, 4 AM2, 1 BC, 4 FC, 3 LMC, approximately 8 VC, 5 TC, 3 CC, and 6 DK. This study presents the first record of this genus in Korea.


ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), liquid crystal templating based on suspensions of CNC rods, and their corresponding templated mesoporous materials. NMR cryoporometry was used to give pore size distributions in chiral nematic mesoporous silica (CNMS) and organosilica (CNMO) films, while NMR pulsed-field gradient technique was used to study diffusion anisotropy of water absorbed in these films. 14N-NMR was used to probe the orientation of a calamite liquid crystal (LC) confined in the pores of CNMO films. Effects due to confining hydrogen-bond assemblies (HBAs) in CNMS and CNMO films were investigated by means of 2H-NMR and 19F-NMR. These results were compared with the ordering in the corresponding neat HBA. The ability to tune/switch the film's optical responses via orientation ordering of LCs in the pores of CNMO films was demonstrated by NMR. Graphical abstract


The friction torque inside the high-speed spindle bearing determines the performance of the friction, wear, heat, temperature rise and life of the bearing. Aim to analyze the high-speed spindle bearing dynamic characteristics, considering the influence of cage and internal lubricating oil-film, a quasi-static improved model of high-speed spindle bearing was developed. And a new method for calculating the friction torque of the bearing based on the quasi-static improved model was put forward. Then the theory and experiment were validated systematically. The results show that the quasi-static improved model is correct, and the method of calculating the friction torque of high-speed spindle bearing based the quasi-static improved model is feasible and reliable.


A CEO who is an empire-builder reports information about an investment opportunity ("project"). Before approving or rejecting the project, a board of directors decides whether and how much additional information to collect, i.e., whether to remain rationally inattentive. We find that the CEO prepares and communicates a report that is just sufficiently precise so as to persuade the board not to learn any additional information and to approve some value-destroying projects (type-I error). The informativeness of the report is increasing in the misalignment of interests between the board and the CEO. Because more informative reports reduce the probability of approval error, the shareholders may optimally assemble a board that is "unfriendly" to the CEO. Our results predict that (i) board-dependence regulations lead to decrease in corporate investments but an increase in return to shareholders; (ii) the return on investment is lower in companies with busy directors operating in less mature industries; (iii) the conflict of interests between boards and CEOs is either mild or moderately strong and the likelihood of strong conflict is lower in companies with busy directors and companies operating in mature industries or industries with attractive outside opportunities for directors.


THOSE Of you who heard the talk that I gave a little over a year ago on the teaching of German pronunciation may remember that I pointed out some general differences in the articulation and pronunciation of German and English. These differences had been noted by my students in my reading of English and German. I want to repeat them here for they form a necessary background for what I shall say today: 1. The basis of articulation is much farther to the front of the mouth in German than in English. 2. German vowels and diphthongs are shorter than corresponding English vowels and diphthongs. 3. German consonants are spoken with a great deal more breath, are cut off more abruptly (for the most part), and are more explosively propelled or expelled. 4. Initial vowels in German are more explosively expelled. 5. There is more effort to German speech than to English speech, "mehr Kraftaufwand," more energy. 6. Accented syllables and words in German carry greater and more frequent stresses than accented syllables and words in English. 7. The greater dynamic stress of 5 and 6 results both in a general raising of the average pitch of the voice and in greater intervals of tone between accented words and other accented words, and between accented words and unaccented words.


Objective To find out the distribution features of intramuscular neveres in human masseter and provide morphologic basic for neuromuscular transfer. Methods The branch patterns and distributions of the intramuscular nerves were observed for ten human masseter by sihler's neural staining. Results The never branches stained show violet-black.After entering muscle ,the nerve trunk divided into three primary branches toward masseter superficial,medial and deep fibers,these branches then subdivided into numberous arboroid second and terminal branches,which ran across the muscle fibres in an oblique direction. Conclusion There are three primary nerve branches of innervating masseter,the distribution-style of masseter intramuscular nerves was relation to muscle fibre-type.


The CPA came into full effect on 1 April 2011. Some provisions are retrospective as from 24 April 2010 which means patients can still take action for any harm caused by product failure supplied by you without any negligence on your part.


The present invention discloses a symmetrical cross-helical spring flexible bearing, the bearing comprising a single annular spring member, and the cylindrical spacer pin; spacer disposed between two single annular spring member, each pin passing through a cylindrical single annular spring member, the pin holes in the spacer. The stack arrangement is achieved by fitting the cylindrical pin and the pin hole single reed annular body integrally connected to the gasket, thereby forming a symmetric cross-helical spring flexible bearing. The bearing is divided into the fixed rigid body and the rigid body motion through the first and second slits. The present invention employs the bearing wire cutting process, to produce a preform, followed by a cylindrical locking pin, and then cut-machining, the mounting holes and the output aperture. Different number of stack arrangement is capable of constituting a single annular spring reed unit as four, six reed unit, a flexible unit or the like reed eight bearing.


In this paper, an automated adaptive mesh generation scheme, based on an advancing-front-Delaunay method, is presented fur finite element simulation of three dimensional bulk metal farming processes. Basic approach is introduced in detail, including a surface meshing and volume meshing technique and a mesh density control scheme. The presented approach is applied to automatic forging simulation in order to evaluate the effect of the developed schemes. Comparison shows a good agreement between required mesh density and generated mesh density, implying that the presented approach is appropriate for automatic mesh generation in metal forming simulation.


Chi Li's and Liu Heng's works represent the hardship of living and the humble of life with a dignified and realistic writing style.However,their works make difference in the origin of tragedy narrative aesthetics and the subtext. Chi Li's works include progressive ideal which is different from Liu Heng's.Most readers and critics ignored Chi Li's pur- sue of realism,which is expressed in her works naturally and latently.


In this work we report the characteristics of Au/AlGaN Schottky diodes as a function of Al content. The materials were grown by MOCVD and have different free electron concentration and alloy composition. A variety of electrical techniques such as current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were used to characterize the diodes. Although the samples received the same treatment prior and during the Au evaporation process, their I-V and C-V characteristics seem to depend significantly on the Al content x. We obtained a lower value for the Schottky barrier height than that predicted by the Schottky rule for the sample with x = 0.3, along with a departure from unity of the ideality factor. Also we observed a hysteresis in the C-V characteristics in the same sample. The DLTS measurements showed the presence of a density of defects at the Au/AlGaN interface which increases with Al content. We believe that these defects, inherent to the material, cause the lowering of the barrier height and the observed hysteresis. They result from a roughness of the surface due to a high Al content. This also induces spatial fluctuations in the barrier height at the surface.


The N-(benzoylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 1 - 6 were synthesized, and the lipid-lowering effects of two of these novel compounds were studied using hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model. Treatment of ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate with aminobenzophenones in the presence of sodium ethoxide and DMF, followed by purifi cation using column chromatography, gave the target compounds in good yields. The tested animals were divided into control, hyperlipidemic, compounds 2-, 3- and bezafibrate-treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 2, 3 and bezafibrate significantly reduced the elevated plasma triglyceride levels after 7 and 24 h. Furthermore, the high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in all treated groups after 7 and 24 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only compounds 2- and 3-treated groups obviously showed a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 24 h. It is therefore reasonable to assume that 2 and 3 may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.


The study of the intersubjective processes of construction and formation of social identities, as a symbolic and material place of socialization of particular worldviews, idioms of language, gastronomy and, in short, specific ways of life that differentiate people and places in the relational network of near and distant alterities occupies a prominent place in contemporary social theory, with special emphasis on the domains of socio-cognitive, socio-constructionist and language models. The methodology takes place through dialogical reflection, together with the elaboration of percentages on the recurrence of certain cultural practices in different areas of Ecuador.   This article aims to unveil the scope and meaning, both in theory and in concrete reality, of the processes of construction of identities based on language.   All this on the differential perspective of some authors and sociocultural, psychological and anthropological theories. It is argued that to think about the process of identity formation is to focus on the development of learning that urges people to be able to feel, think and act in an educated way, consciously engaging in the economic, political, social and cultural activities of their country. This research concludes that the Province of El Oro is characterized by its cultural diversity, which is a determining factor in the construction of diverse identities composed of three essential elements: subjectivity, language and culture with their varied interrelations.


This article tries to uncover the leading figure of Ibn Taimiyah as an Islam's most forceful theologians of tasawuf (Islamic Mysticism), beside his having great knowledge of other Islamic fields such as kalam (dogmatic theology), fiqh (Jurisprudence) or syariah (Religious Law), hadist (prophetic saying) and tafsir (the science of explanation of the Qur'an), or even in Islamic politics. Apart from that, this writing would like to clear up the issues concerning Ibn Taimiyah of whether or not he is really against tassawuh as in accordance with a great deal of observers's thought on him, or he himself has a particular thought on tassawuh. This writing tries to trace and uncover the Ibn Taimiyah's thought and outlook about the history of tassawuh development and a his criticism at Sufis at his time being considered exaggeratedly on the matter.


Surabaya is one of the big cities in Indonesia with various aspects of sector industries. Based on mapping result of 31 region, Surabaya has about 460 industry, which include in creative industry. It is necessary to create City Branding because Surabaya has no strong positioning in public mind yet. In the process of Surabaya's city branding, needs an integrated communication media, to communicate the concept of that city branding. One of that media is by creating Environmental graphic design. Surabaya city has quite large area, with many creative industry subsectors spreads in many region, and the distance of each object is quite far. It is necessary to create some system to communicate this creative industry subsectors. A lot of locations were considered to applicating Environmental Graphic Design in the city Branding. First thing to do is by creating location mapping analysis, to determine the most urgent location for branding application. The concept is applicating visual graphic system from visual identity of Surabaya's city branding. The Research Methods were using case study approximation which is distinguished as literate study, existing study, and study of needs. With that methods, derived potential places, which is suitable, for Environmental Graphic Design implementation effectively.


The construction of a computational framework that describes the kinetic details of the propylene oligomerization reaction network on Bronsted acidic zeolites is particularly challenging due to the...


In hybrid structures, material layers of different mechanical properties are integrated to increase bearing capacity. When the difference in mechanical properties or thickness of the material layers is very large, debonding usually occurs along the interface between the two layers. This study uses a homogenization procedure combined with asymptotic algorithm applied on weaker/thinner materials to determine the interface stiffnesses for such structures. All the material layers and the interface are assumed to be linear elastic. Comprising with the available methods and numerical simulation results showed that the proposed model is more suitable with the work of the structures in reality. Furthermore, in this method the interface stiffnesses can be easily determined through the number and length of cracks and the dry or saturated state of the medium are also considered.


This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation of seventy-eight human resource managers employed in seventy-eight wholly foreign-owned, foreign and local joint venture and wholly local-owned export-oriented clothing manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. The study investigated human resource managers' views on whether organizations identify development needs of managers, and, if so, from what sources. The findings of the study shed light on the identification of management development needs and on differences across companies of different ownership. The data revealed evidence of the existence of the identification of development needs of managers in the industry. Organizational strategies, succession plans and performance appraisal give rise to identify development needs of managers, other than requests from both heads of divisions/immediate superior managers who like their subordinates to be developed and managers themselves who desire to develop. Further, the results of the analysis of variance revealed that in certain aspects there are significant differences in the identification of development needs of managers. The results and implications of the findings are discussed.


The paper discussed the necessity and important sense of system reform from many respects, proposed the new model of the reform and internal and external management system matched with relative personnel and financial affairs etc..


Pairing is the first step of decentralized controller design procedure in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processes. In spite of considerable efforts dedicated to this problem, most of the known pairing techniques are offline algorithms and fail to decide when dealing with high dimensional and/or time varying processes and adaptive control applications. In this article, normalized effective relative gain array (NERGA) is introduced as an effective automatic pairing method and is employed in a new adaptive decentralized PID control strategy.


To arrest the normal cell abscission in mammalian cells, testis-expressed gene 14 (TEX14) competitively binds to the midbody protein centrosomal protein 55 kDa (CEP55). To gain further insights into the interactions between CEP55 and TEX14 (or ALIX), we performed molecular modeling studies. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that CEP55-EABR (ESCRT and ALIX-binding region) formed a stable coiled coil in the absence of TEX14 (or ALIX) peptides. We also identified interaction sites between CEP55-EABR and TEX14 (or ALIX) responsible for the stability of the complex by calculating H-bonding and van der Waals interaction maps. Biochemical studies also suggested that CEP55 (residues 230–464) forms an elongated coiled coil. The overall architecture of CEP55 and detailed analyses of the interactions between CEP55-EABR and TEX14 (or ALIX) gives more specific atomistic details about interactions between CEP55 and TEX14 (or ALIX), which is not easy to identify in experiments.


The best plan for an IT security system is to have a plan that the entire enterprise supports, and to follow it.


A brief history of hearing aids is presented together with a general survey of current types. Their technical performances and the problems associated with their manufacture and operation are discussed.


umor-induced osteomalacia is a disorder of mineralization caused by neoplasm-induced phosT phaturia. Laboratory features include low serum 1,25(OH)'D, hypophosphatemia, and phosphaturia. Although almost exclusively associated with mesenchymal tumors, an association between prostate cancer and osteomalacia has been described in at least six subjects.',' These six subjects together with the subject of this report, the oldest reported case, represent approximately 10% of all cases.


Over the years, as our knowledge of the interrupting process progressed, many techniques have been developed to test the circuit breakers and simulated arc models. To develop a realistic arc model, it is necessary to adopt the micro modeling approach, where a model is based on the physical processes constituting the phenomena. The model should consist of mathematical equations formulated from considerations of these processes so that the model performance is likely to be more accurate over a wide range of operating conditions.


For studying carbohydrate metabolism of men of different somatotypes, with arterial hypertension and men with coronary heart disease, we provided 129 persons aged 30 to 59 with medical examination. We implemented the technique of somatometry, having carried out glucose tolerance test, and defined the levels of insulin immune reactivity. In the course of anthropometric study among men with coronary heart disease, muscle type was the most frequent. We marked heterogeneous correlations between the levels of insulin, glycemia and anthropometric indices of abdomen and indefinite somatotypes of men with arterial hypertension and of abdomen and muscle somatotypes of men with coronary heart disease. Men of muscle and thoracal somatotypes with arterial hypertension have low interconnections of the studying indices.


We present the results of a study of three-layered silicon biprismanes doped with methyl radicals and fluorine atoms by means of the density functional theory. Pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, and octagonal doped systems were simulated in this study. We found that larger biprismanes demonstrate weaker interaction with dopants because they are less strained, and their surfaces are "flatter". The weakening of interaction manifests itself by elongation of bond lengths between the silicon cage and the attached radicals. However, the energy gain / loss due to the reaction of substitutional doping is practically independent of the size of the system. The calculated partial Mulliken charges of fluorine atoms are about −0.3 of elementary charges. The corresponding value for methyl radicals is approximately three times smaller. HOMO-LUMO gaps of doped biprismanes demonstrate oscillations with increasing biprismane diameter with a general downward trend. The value of the gaps of the doped biprismanes is in the range from 2 to 3 eV and slightly differs from the gaps of the pristine biprismanes. The optical properties and excited states of doped biprismanes were calculated using the time-dependent density functional theory. Ultra-violet and visible spectra were determined for all considered systems. The absorption frequencies slightly depend on the radical type and the size of the system. However, the presence of radicals results in significant changes in the relative adsorption intensities of biprismanes with different shapes. We found that doping with methyl radicals and fluorine provided prevalent adsorption intensities of octagonal and hexagonal biprismanes, respectively. The observed effect can be used for optical detection of biprismanes with specific shapes or diameters in their mixture with other silicon structures.


The invention relates to a heat treatment device and heat treatment technology thereof and discloses a vertical continuous annealing furnace bluing device and bluing technology thereof. A bluing medium station is arranged and is communicated with a rapid cooling section, an overaging section and a final cooling section of a hearth through medium pipelines to control opening degree of a control adjusting valve and a relief valve. Oxygen content in the rapid cooling section and/or the overaging section and/or the final cooling section of the hearth is adjusted to be in a range of 0.03%-1.00%. An existing vertical continuous annealing furnace is used and a bluing device is added so that two processes of annealing and bluing of a bluing steel belt are finished by once in the vertical continuous annealing furnace, and therefore device investment and following heat treatment energy consumption are saved; continuous mass production is achieved, production cost is low, performance of a product is stable, surface bluing effect is good and production efficiency is high.


Once upon a time in the 1980s, a teacher at my children's primary school suggested that I help her with interactive science lessons for year 5. As I was asking questions of the students, she was able to observe the children, and was often amazed at their inventiveness when they explained, in their very own words, 'why' something had happened.


Will Tanner argues that if the Prime Minister is serious about his 'tough but intelligent' approach to crime and justice then resources should be directed to what is proven to work. The astonishing success of the Violence Reduction Unit (VRU) in Glasgow is just such a project. Only through such localism could initiatives like the VRU become the norm.


This work presents classification results of different water outputs in a house. Input variables are time and flow measurements in a point of the network distribution, and the identified classes are relevant consumptions as sink consumption, shower consumption, etc. Due to human influence on consumption data, we selected a classifier based on an interpretable model; that allows the incorporation of knowledge provided by users or experts. Thus, this study is based on the well known Anfis model and AGUA (real data taken for a project being developed in Guadalajara, Mexico) the data set corresponding to a supervised case. The result shows that the proposed algorithm works well, with recognition above 91%, and it could be used for a better profit of domestic water management.


Context. We introduced the technique of model atmosphere calculation with polarized radiative transfer and magnetic line blanketing. However, the calculation of model atmospheres with realistic magnetic field configurations (field strength and angle defined relative to the atmosphere plane) has not been previously attempted. Aims. In the last paper of this series we study the effects of the magnetic field, varying its strength and orientation, on the model atmosphere structure, the energy distribution, photometric colors and the hydrogen Balmer line profiles. We compare with the previous results for an isotropic case in order to understand whether there is a clear relation between the value of the magnetic field angle and model changes, and to study how important the additional orientational information is. Also, we examine the probable explanation of the visual flux depressions of the magnetic chemically peculiar stars in the context of this work. Methods. We calculated one more grid of the model atmospheres of magnetic A and B stars for different effective temperatures (${T_{\rm eff}=8000}$ K, 11 000 K, 15 000 K), magnetic field strengths (${B=0}$, 5, 10, 40 kG) and various angles of the magnetic field (${\Omega=0\degr\!}$–$\,90\degr$) with respect to the atmosphere plane. We used the LLModels code which implements a direct method for line opacity calculation, anomalous Zeeman splitting of spectral lines, and polarized radiation transfer. Results. We have not found significant changes in model atmosphere structure, photometric and spectroscopic observables or profiles of hydrogen Balmer lines as we vary the magnetic field inclination angle  Ω . The strength of the magnetic field plays the main role in magnetic line blanketing. We show that the magnetic field has a clear relation to the visual flux depressions of the magnetic CP stars. Conclusions. We can use the approach introduced in the previous paper of this series, which neglects anisotropy effects, to calculate model atmospheres with magnetic line blanketing. This technique seems to be reliable, at least for homogeneous atmospheres with scaled solar abundances.


The quantification of the electronic transport energy gap of a molecular semiconductor is essential for pursuing any challenge in molecular optoelectronics.


The introductory physics lab curriculum usually has one experiment on uniform circular motion (UCM). Physics departments typically have several variable-speed rotators in storage that, if they work, no longer work well. Replacing these rotators with new ones is costly, especially when they are only used once a year. This article describes how an inexpensive (≈$10) tethered aeroplane, powered by a small electric motor, can be used to study UCM. The aeroplane is easy to see and entertaining to watch. For a given string length and air speed, a tethered aeroplane quickly finds a stable, horizontal, circular orbit. Using a digital video (DV) camcorder, VideoPoint Capture, QuickTime player, metre sticks and a stopwatch, data on the aeroplane's motion were obtained. The length of the string was varied from 120 to 340 cm while the air speed ranged from 200 to 480 cm s−1. For each string length and air speed, the period of the orbit and the diameter of the path were carefully measured. Theoretical values of path radii were then calculated using Newton's second law. The agreement between experiment and theory was usually better than 2%.


Introduction: The number of elderly people increases exponentially on a global scale, therefore, various investigations determine the self-perception of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of this population sector. Goal: To assess the perceptions reported by elderly people in various countries on the dimensions that evaluate the HRQoL of the SF-36 questionnaire. Method: A systematic review of the scientific production published in the Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed y LILACS databases during the months of June 1992-july 2020 was conducted. Results: Seventeen studies involving 79,542 elderly people from nine countries were included. The best perceptions were manifested in the Social Functioning dimension; the lowest were for General Health and Vitality. Conclusion: The SF-36 questionnaire is a pertinent tool to assess the HRQoL in elderly people from various countries. These people, by expressing their perception, give a determining weight to the Social Functioning dimension.


The Jiulianshan Mountain National Nature Reserve,located in the south of Jiangxi Province,South China,is rich in many typical and different natural evergreen broad-leaved forest communities or some age-old plant communities such as Taxus chinensis and Ginkgo biloba Formation.It is also one of the most important regions of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.Many communities of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the study region are both typical and important in the subtropical forest of South China,with an evergreen physiognomy.The flora is rich with transitional features,which had formed floristic constituent and retained many floristic elements before Quaternary,showing many rare and endangered plants in different communities.The forest communities consist of tropical and subtropical families and genera.Dominant families are mainly Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae,Styracaceae,Ericaceae,Magnolicceae and etc.,which are also dominant taxa.The forest communities are relatively lofty with significance,and their horizontal distribution was heterogeneous.The vegetation was a combination of natural forest,secondary natural forest and silvicultural rehabilitation.Some evergreen broad-leaved communities are matured or being renovated.Various hardwood trees frequently occurr,such as Liquidambar formosana,Alniphyllum fortunei,and Betula luminifera.These species with numerous individuals recruited into canopy gaps and formed evergreen and hardwood broad-leaved forests.The relationship between different plant communities and environmental factors in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jiulianshan Mountain was studied with the principal components analysis(PCA).The resulting principal components in conjunction with other methods were used to carry out numerical analysis for the community of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve.Based on field investigations at 18 sampling plots in the typical evergreen broad-leaved communities,interpretation of plant community types and ecological gradients in a quantitative way was given by multivariate regression analysis.The investigated plots were generally divided into different formations in terms of the PCA-based results.They are Castanopsis eyrei and Schima superba formation;Castanopsis fordii,Castanopsis fargesi,Castanopsis carlesii,Castanopsis fabric and etc.,i.e.Castanopsis formation;Michelia maudiae and Sloanea sinensis formation;Taxus chinensis and Ginkgo biloba formation,Liquidambar formosana and Alniphyllum fortunei formation,Tsoongiodendron odorum formation,and Rhododendron simiarum formation.The community types and their distribution were found to be determined primarily by altitude(thermal) and soil organic component gradients.


In this paper, we investigate the numerical integration problem of a real valued function generally known only on multivariate scattered points using Lobachevsky splines, a pioneering version of cardinal B-splines. Starting from their interpolation properties, we focus on the construction of new integration formulas, which are quite flexible requiring no special distribution of nodes. Numerical results using Lobachevsky splines turn out to be interesting and promising for both accuracy and simplicity in computation. Finally, a comparison with integration by radial basis functions confirms the validity of the proposed approach.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior measured by accelerometer and cardiovascular disease risk factors from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015. Methods: The participants included in this study volunteered to wear accelerometer (n=1,407). Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sedentary time or sedentary breaks and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the relationship. Covariates were sex, age, educational status, alcohol, smoking, socioeconomic status, body mass index, calorie intake, physical activity, and accelerometer wear time. Results: The group with the most sedentary time had significantly greater odds of having dyslipidemia (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–3.94) compared to the least. There were no other significant relationships between sedentary behavior (sedentary time, sedentary break) and risk factors. Conclusion: The only significant relationship found in this study was that between sedentary time and dyslipidemia.


Bipiperidinyl compounds of Formula I, it is disclosed type 2 diabetes and similar symptoms are useful for treating or preventing. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates are also included. Compounds are useful as agonists of G-protein coupled receptor GPR-119.


'Productivity' is, at its simplest, a measure of how effectively or efficiently a workplace, a business or government agency, a region or a nation as a whole uses the resources at its disposal to produce goods and services which are in turn valued, in some way, by those who consume or use them. At the level of individual workplaces or firms, productivity measures are often expressed in terms of output per unit of a single factor of production, such as land or livestock (in agriculture), some measure of ore extracted (in mining), or, in manufacturing and services businesses, some measure of labour input such as person-hours. At more aggregated or economy-wide levels, productivity is usually expressed as a measure of value added (such as gross product) either per unit of labour input (labour productivity) or per unit of labour and capital services inputs (multifactor productivity). While, conceivably, other factors of production could be included in measures of multifactor productivity, including environmental factors such as water or energy, to date these have been extremely rare, but they may become more widely used as the policy focus on the use of finite natural resources (and their price) increases.


Summary The use of laparoscopy in gallbladder surgery is widely accepted as the gold standard. Situs inversus totalis, which is seen at a rate of 1/10.000-50.000 rate, does not have contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and thus this method should be more frequently applied. We present a case of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis is presented and the benefits of port placement during surgery were evaluated.


Repetitive control is an effective method to eliminate the effects of a periodic disturbance on a control system. In some applications the period is not known with sufficient accuracy, or the period may fluctuate sufficiently to seriously compromise performance. Second order repetitive control has been developed in response to this issue. Existing methods of analyzing stability for such systems are either very difficult to use, or excessively conservative sufficient conditions. A novel second order repetitive control is proposed here which achieves the behavior of second order but uses data from only one period in the past. This better meets the requirements for real time storage, but more importantly, it allows us to develop a stability criterion that is much less conservative. The experimental results demonstrate that the suppression effect can achieve a high level under frequency fluctuation with the proposed control method.


This paper aims to discuss the results of the analysis of agricultural tools found in residential units at the Moreta archaeological settlement (Jujuy Province, Argentina). We propose an integral assessment resulting in a synthesis of the lithic, archaeobotanical, and archaeological context analysis. This research contributes to understanding an important aspect of the reproduction of social life in the Puna landscape during the first half of the second millennium A.D.


To the Editor.— I am involved in research on the life and career of the late Henry Norman Bethune, MD, FRCS (Edinburgh) 1890 to 1939. Dr. Bethune, a Canadian thoracic surgeon, became well known in North America during the early 1930s for his development of surgical techniques and his invention of various surgical instruments. From 1929 to 1933, he served at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal as the First Assistant of Dr. Edward Archibald. In the latter year he became Head of the Surgery at the Sacred Heart Hospital. In 1936, he went to Spain, then in the midst of the civil war, where he established the Canadian Mobile Blood Transfusion Service. By transporting refrigerated blood to the wounded, Bethune saved many lives. Early in 1938, he left for China to serve with the Eighth Route Army against the Japanese. Even before his tragic death (ironically from septicemia) in


In this study, the climatological characteristics of pre-summer (April to June) rainfall over South China (SC) and the associated synoptic conditions are examined using 1980 – 2017 hourly rainfall observations and reanalysis data. The amount, frequency, and intensity of rainfall show pronounced regional variations and substantial changes between pre- and post-monsoon-onset periods. Owing to the more favorable thermodynamic conditions after monsoon onset over the South China Sea (SCS), rainfall intensifies generally over SC irrespective of the rainfall-event durations. Increased rainfall amounts in longer-duration (> 6 h) events were found over a designated west-inland region (west of 111°E), which are partially attributed to enhanced dynamic instability. In addition, rainfall events occur more frequently over the west-inland region, as well as coastal regions to the west of 118°E, but less over a designated east-inland region. Inland-region rainfall is closely linked the southwesterly synoptic-system-related low-level jet in the lower-to-middle troposphere to the south of the inland cold front can contribute to the coastal rainfall occurrence by providing divergence above the BL convergence near the coast. The BL flow often simultaneously strengthens with the lower-troposphere horizontal winds, suggesting a close association between the BL flow and the synoptic systems. The quantitative statistics provided in this study complement previous case studies or qualitative results and, thus, advance our understanding about pre-summer rainfall over SC.


Witold Taszycki in the Discussion on the Origin of the Polish Literary Language
The article presents the position of Witold Taszycki in the debate, which was the most intensive in 1940s and 1950s, on the origin of the Polish literary language. Taszycki was a supporter of the extreme thesis according to which the literary Polish originated from Lesser Poland, where it developed in the mid-16th century. In opposition to the Greater Poland theory, the extreme views of Witold Taszycki on the time and place of shaping the Polish literary language resulted not only from the author's beliefs, but also from a different terminology and research method used by the researcher.


Objective To analyze the function of cGMP-dependent protein kinase(PKG)in the survival of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells(CGC).Methods CGC culture was incubated for 24 h before addition of ethanol and different reagents,such as Deta-NONOate(a NO donor),Br-cGMP and Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS(a cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor).After the treatment,samples were incubated for another 24 h,then the cells were collected and counted by using hemocytometer.Results Deta-NONOate and Br-cGMP enhanced the cell survival in the absence of ethanol,indicating their neurotrophic effects.They showed neuroprotective effect on the cultured CGC since they could reduce the ethanol-induced cell death.Inhibiting PKG with Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS could eliminate both neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects mediated by Deta-NONOate and Br-cGMP.Conclusion cGMP-dependent protein kinase plays a key role in the cultured CGC survival and protects the cells against ethanol neurotoxicity.


The objective of this article is to explore whether events, starting with the 1973 military coup and ocurring during the seventeen-year-long dictatorship, have caused or influenced important changes in the Chilean national identity. After a brief theoretical discussion, an analysis is made of the upheavals that occurred in Chile during the last thirty years seeking to assess what tensions they have introduced within Chilean identity. As a consequence some changes are detected which can be seen at the level of public discourses on Chilean identity with the emergence or rekindling of military-racial, Catholic and entrepreneurial narratives. But the most important change that Chilean identity has suffered has to do with the development of an internal fracture stemming from the division introduced by the military regime. In so far as the contents of identity are concerned, the article focuses on the decline in acknowledgement of shared symbols of the nation, the persistence of a pervasive collective anxiety, a recurrence of belief in Chilean exceptionalism, and fading respect for politicians and democracy. These aspects are oddly coupled with rising belief in voluntarism and the possibility of sustained economic growth, increased resort to the market rather than political life as the site of recognition, acceptance of malaise as the price of economic progress and a remarkable centrality of human rights issues.


The present invention discloses a pressure sensitive adhesive composition and pressure-sensitive adhesive article comprising the adhesive composition. The adhesive composition of the present invention generally exhibit good adhesive properties at high temperatures. The adhesive composition comprises an acrylate copolymer and a polyarylene oxide polymer, a styrene acrylate copolymer having pendant polymeric moiety. The adhesive composition may be a foam.


Scabies is a parasitic infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. It can spread through an indirect contact with contaminated objects as well as a direct skin-to-skin contact. In scabies, widespread itching, which gets worse at night, can be present along with a variety of lesions, including papules, vesicles, nodules and excoriations. In order to make a definitive diagnosis, mites, eggs, or faeces should be visualised by using an additional tool. Only the patient's history and physical examination are used to diagnose clinical scabies or suspected clinical scabies. It is also included in the differential diagnosis with other itchy skin diseases. Although several topical treatments such as benzyl benzoate, sulphur, and lindane are available, permethrin is still the first choice. In many countries, oral ivermectin is used as an efficient, secure, and affordable treatment for scabies despite the fact that it does not have an FDA approval for this purpose. Current studies for the treatment of scabies have been ongoing, and there are also other studies on moxidectin and isoxazoline derivative drugs. However, it is seen that some treatments fail due to various reasons such as, application errors, skipping treatment repetitions, inadequate environmental cleaning, not receiving treatment from the patient's relatives, and not providing the patient with the necessary precautions in written form. It is known that although scabies continues to be a global public health problem, it is possible to obtain good results in the treatment of it if physicians have sufficient knowledge and can manage their patients appropriately. By summarising the information that is currently available, this review aims to provide an update on the clinical characteristics, the diagnosis, the treatment, and the management of scabies.


Introduction Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) clients are required to attend multiple post-operative follow-up visits in South Africa (SA). However, up to 98% of VMMC clients heal without adverse events (AEs). With demonstrated VMMC safety across global programs, stretched clinic staff in SA may conduct more than 400,000 unnecessary reviews for males without complications per year. As part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test two-way texting (2wT) follow-up as compared to routine, in-person visits for adult VMMC clients, the objective of this study was to compare costs of 2wT-based telehealth to routine post-VMMC care in both rural and urban SA settings. Methods We used an activity-based costing (ABC) approach to estimate the costs in post-VMMC care, including counselling, follow-ups, and tracing activities. All costs were estimated in $US dollars for both 2wT and routine care to test the hypotheses that 2wT follow-up would result in per-client cost savings. Data were collected from routine National Department of Health VMMC forms, the RCT database, and time-and-motion surveys. Sensitivity analysis presents different scale-up scenarios. Results We included 1,084 clients: 537 in routine care and 547 in 2wT. Average client follow-up cost is $6.48 for routine care and $4.25 for 2wT. 2wT saved costs in both rural and urban locations. Average savings of $2.23 was greater in rural ($1.61) than urban areas ($0.62). 2wT would save $0.88, $2.23, and $4.93, respectively, if: men attended one visit; men attended visits in similar proportions to that observed in the RCT; and men attended both visits. Conclusion 2wT reduces post-VMMC care costs by supporting most men to heal at home while using telehealth to triage clients with potential AEs to timely, in-person care. 2wT savings are higher in rural areas. Scale-up of 2wT-based follow-up could significantly reduce overall VMMC costs while maintaining service quality.


The purpose of this paper is to formulate a functional architecture that supports the e-learning objectives: study individually and cooperatively, anytime and anywhere, guide specific individuals to their most relevant community or communities of knowledge. The proposed architecture is based on using mobile agent technology integrated with case-based reasoning (CBR) approach. This architecture gives users the ability to collect, share, distribute and reuse e-learning knowledge from heterogenous knowledge bases. The mobile agent technology is particularly suitable for developing distributed e-learning systems because it supports intelligent and distributed storage, allows an optimal personalized e-learning environment, and enhances modularity, reusability, flexibility and reliability. The model is employing CBR method to find a case in case base that is similar to the current problem


The pulping process in the manufacture of paper from cane bagasse and wood waste generates a number of pollutants including, black liquor, which is a dark residue and has a more pH of 11 and a COD between 70.000 and 90.000 ppm, contains lignin dissolved. Because high concentration of dissolved lignin it is very low biodegrability, it is a highly polluting agent and produce environmental impact, if it is not treated properly. For that reason, this research
assesses the decline in black liquor pollution through chemical precipitation with hydrochloric acid pH 2, 3 and 4 and concentrations of
clorhidric acid 0.5, 2 and 3N, in order to find an optimal concentration and optimum pH and to decrease COD and simultaneously to recover
the lignin that is dissolved in the black liquor. The principal objective is the decrease COD.
During the investigative process, we found that in the case of cane bagasse and pulping the soda, is the optimum pH of 2 and the optimal
concentration of clorhidric acid is 2N to reduce the COD in a 87.12% and 49, 7% to lignin.


The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the addition of milk kefir (MK), as a natural probiotic to drinking water, individually or in combination with organic acids (OA), on the growth performance, intestinal microbial counts and morphology, serum metabolites and immune status in broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups including a control group, and the control group with MK (2% of drinking water), OA (350 mL/1000 L of water), or MK+OA. At d 35, Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. At the end of the experiment (d 35), five birds per treatment were selected to determine the bacterial population, serum biochemical metabolites, and intestinal morphology. According to the results, water supplemented with MK increased the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IFN-β at 35 d in the jejunum (P < 0.05). OA supplementation significantly increased the gene expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the gene expression of IL-12 increased in broilers fed the control diet (P < 0.05). The broiler chickens that received MK+OA showed an improvement in feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) compared with OA and control groups. The addition of MK+OA resulted in a higher relative weight of thigh in broiler chickens compared with the MK group (P < 0.05), while the relative weight of spleen was lower in OA and MK treatments compared with the MK+OA group (P < 0.05). The results also indicated that the addition of MK+OA decreased the ileocaecal E. coli population compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). Conversely, the birds that received MK+OA had a higher viable count of ileocaecal lactobacilli (P < 0.05) compared with the OA group. In conclusion, the combination of OA with MK had beneficial effects on the performance, intestinal immune-related genes, and gut microbiota activity of broiler chickens.


The surface segregation phenomenon was simulated by means of a Chemical Potential Monte‐Carlo (CPMC) model, which is based on the Darken model. The chemical potential equations are rewritten to include the segregation energy associated with the surface layer. Simulations involving the change in chemical potential are performed on a two‐dimensional matrix containing two elements: the solute and the solvent elements. A random selection of an atom inside the matrix initiates the model. The change in chemical potential due to an atomic jump of a randomly selected atom to an adjacent layer is calculated. The largest change in chemical potential directs the atomic motion, complying with the conditions associated with lowering of the Gibbs free energy. Inclusion of the segregation energy (for jumps involving the surface layer) limits the number of atomic jumps from the surface layer to the bulk. Simulated segregation profiles generated by the CPMC model were compared with profiles calculated with both the modified Darken and Fick models. These profiles show that the CPMC model successfully describes both the kinetic and equilibrium conditions associated with surface segregation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective:To provide the scientific basis of using antibiotics in the treatment of plasma-coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS)infection.Methods:K-B method was used to perform antibiotic sensitivity test on 205 strains of CNS with different sources by 21 kinds of antibiotics.Results:The drug-resistance rate clinical-infected CNS was higher than that of surgical environment CNS,and the latter was higher than that of medical environment CNS.Some of those differences were significant.Conclusion:Both no or lower drug resistance and the drug-resistance rate of clinical-infected CNS or environment CNS with remarkable or a certain degree significance should be the basis to select antibiotics for the prevention and control of CNS infection.


The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.


In this paper, I deal with property modifiers defined as functions that associate a given root property P with a modified property [M P]. Property modifiers typically divide into four kinds, namely intersective, subsective, privative and modal. Here I do not deal with modal modifiers like alleged, which appear to be well-nigh logically lawless, because, for instance, an alleged assassin is or is not an assassin. The goal of this paper is to logically define the three remaining kinds of modifiers together with the rule of left subsectivity that I launch as the rule of pseudo-detachment to replace the modifier M in the premise by the property M* in the conclusion, and prove that the rule of pseudo-detachment is valid for all kinds of modifiers. Furthermore, it is defined in a way that avoids paradoxes like a small elephant being smaller than a large mouse.


Introduction T chapter is concerned with various attempts to produce finely dispersed mixtures of monotectic alloys under microgravity conditions as well as with the theoretical interpretation of the results obtained. There exist several hundreds of such metallic pairs, and many of them hold out a prospect of practical application. Microgravity experiments hitherto have been flown with aluminum-indium, aluminum-lead, lead-zinc, bismuthzinc, and a few other systems." Aluminum-lead, for instance, is a most promising material for producing bearings. Tests with sputtered samples have revealed excellent quality. However, sputtering is even more expensive than space production. Figure la shows the finely dispersed mixture as expected from experiments under microgravity conditions, whereas Fig. Ib shows a real result from an experiment in a Space Application Rocket (SPAR), a U.S. microgravity sounding rocket that was canceled after six successful flights in the early 1970s. The corresponding German program, Technologische Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit (TEXUS), has, on the contrary, been expanded and has had about 20 very successful flights. Looking at Fig. 1 we have to ask ourselves: What went wrong with the expectations, and which mechanisms caused the obvious separation under microgravity conditions? Figure 2 shows a phase diagram of a monotectic pair of metals, namely, the miscibility gap of aluminum-indium. If these two metals are melted


The paper introduces how to strengthen the practice teaching link,enhance the comprehensive ability,and solve the problem of low ability for practical work in Business Administration College based on the present situation of bussiness administration speciaty.


A new approach to the simulation of high-resolution X-ray diffraction spectra utilizing direct summation of waves scattered by atomic planes has been developed. The calculation procedure, in general, is amenable to the introduction of local variations of structural and geometric parameters. For the important structure under consideration here, viz the triple-layered structure with an amorphous layer `sandwiched' between two crystalline layers having closely matched lattice parameters, account was taken of local fluctuations of the interface thickness and of defect-induced fluctuations of the interplanar spacing. An analytical expression for the diffraction spectrum was derived which allowed a detailed analysis of the characterization problem. As a result, a strong influence of the lattice disorder on the angular periodicity of intensity fringes was found for the first time. Application of this approach to the study of silicon crystals with buried amorphous layers is discussed.


This paper studies on the control techniques through design requirementsd of marine fire fighting system based on SOLAS, IMO regulation, FSS code and relevant class society. Fire fighting system refers as fixed gas fire-extinguishing system, fixed foam fire extinguishing systems, fixed water-mist fire extinguishing system, automatic sprinkler, fire detection and alarm system, sample extraction smoke detection system, fixed deck foam system, inert gas system and external fire fighting system etc. Especially, using control techniques, an effective extinguishing principle details in a view of mechanical structure, manufacturing and electric control based on the schematic diagram. It is also shown from control techniques that more compact, safe and easy control is introduced comparing PLC logic with relay based sequential logic. Moreover, through the mechanical structure, it is shown from relevant main components of each system in order to make more effective extinguishing. In result, it is expected that the enhanced control techniques has the better extinguishing effective performances and product quality and reliability.


This paper presents an experimental investigation on a natural convection indirect mode solar dryer with phase change material (PCM) for drying of banana slices. The drying system consists of one c...


The complete historical processes of the crust growth from the Archaean to the Cenozoic eras are recorded and remained in South China continent. The crust, which is centered on the Yangtze craton, extending to the southeast. In the Yangtze block, Precambrian bases, which are composed of gray gneiss, early Proterozoic komatiitic greenstone, late Proterozoic ophiolite, greenstone, represent cool "residual hydrocarbon column" of the residual mantle with the features of relative stable, high-velocity, high-resistivity. Along the coast the igneous rocks, which are characterized by the Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic-intrusive complexes of crust-mantle mixed sources, alkaline granitic and syenitic belts as well as basalt of various types, represent the hot super-mantle plume with relative activity, lower-velocity, high-conductivity. The super-breakup tectonics is regarded as the main manner of heat conduction for materials. The original dynamics of tectonic evolution in South China continent is drived from migration of mantle plume.