The drilling and anchoring robot is an important equipment to realize the intellectualization of fully mechanized coal mining. The control effect of its manipulator directly affects the safety and efficiency of the support operation of the drilling and anchoring robot. The control of drilling anchor manipulator usually adopts PID controller, but due to the limitation of integer order PID control algorithm and traditional empirical parameter adjustment, it is difficult to find a group of parameters with the best control effect in a short time, resulting in the failure of timely and accurate positioning of the end of the manipulator. In this paper, the combination of numerical modeling and simulation analysis is used to adjust the parameters of fractional order PIλDμ controller by using search algorithm (GPS) and applied to the motion control of manipulator; Based on the independent joint control theory, the single input single output system model of hydraulic cylinder at the joint of manipulator is established by using Matlab-Simulink software and fractional PIλDμ control technology. The fractional order control system is regulated by input shaping feedforward control technology(IS). The step response effect of the hydraulic system is further analyzed by setting input feedforward controllers with different gain ratios. The numerical simulation results show that the control strategy of "Input Shaping(IS) + Intelligent optimization algorithm (GPS) parameter adjustment + Fractional PIλDμ control technology" can effectively improve the spatial accurate positioning of mining manipulator. The research expand the application of intelligent control technology in the field of mining equipment.


The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the con trasting empirical and conceptual approaches to roll call clustering advocated by Duncan MacRae, Jr. on the one hand and by Aage Clausen and Richard Cheney on the other; and (2), utilizing the policy dimensions revealed by the two approaches, to examine the stability of and changes in basic voting patterns in the New Mexico House of Representatives during the period of 1961-69. During this decade, which was marked by a two-phase reapportionment, the House moved from one-party Democratic domination to moderate two-party competition. For purposes of longitudinal analysis the conceptual approach was judged preferable because policy content was clearer, intersession correlations higher, and the policy dimensions more durable. This was illustrated by the extension of a conceptual social welfare dimension across all sessions and by a conceptual economic policy dimension for the 1965-69 period. All four empirical dimensions terminated after only one intersession period. While the main methodological focus was on cluster analysis, the study presented a procedure for analyzing policy dimensions across time. This included the use of MacRae's technique of p+ value cutting points, Clausen's validation procedure, and McQuitty's elementary linkage analysis.


We established a process of growing large-scale highly ordered ZnO nanorod arrays on a transparent conductive oxide layer. Nanoimprint lithography was employed specifically to produce large-scale ordered ZnO nanorod arrays. The growth conditions were examined by comparing nanorod growth on different substrates, namely, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and indium tin oxide (ITO). Structural characterization revealed that the crystallinity and flatness of the ZnO seed layer were key factors in improving uniformity as regards the diameter, height, and orientation of the ZnO nanorods.


The MEG experiment utilizes a novel calorimetry technique for photon detection based on scin-tillation in Liquid Xenon. The main features of this technique are presented. Research and development is reviewed as well, from early tests on a prototype to the setup of the final detector. Emphasis is laid on calibration and monitoring procedures, particularly important in such a precision measurement. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.


Time-Lapse (4D) seismic data has shown to be a successful tool in monitoring a field and its production using two or more 3D seismic cubes spaced by months or by years. At the end of the 4D processing, two seismic cubes, named Base and Monitor, are obtained using a similar processing sequence. Each cube represents the snapshot of the reservoir at a given time. It allows a better understanding of the field, thus supporting operations. Prior to processing the data, a complete study was done to analyse the likelihood of seeing a 4D difference despite two different acquisition layouts. Throughout a complete processing in both time and depth domains, 4D attributes are being analysed over the field giving confidence in the quality of the dataset. Finally, a full 4D analysis helps us to develop a better understanding of the field fluid transfer mechanism allowing improved optimization the field.


Central Asian countries are rich in fossil energy resources and advantageous in geopolitics.The general geopolitical situation is in favor of China.At present,these countries are in the transitional phase of the society:the political instability,economic fragility and internal and external troubles ask China to pay special attention to the political trends in these countries and to adhere to the principle of "harmony in differences to strive for joint development" in its energy diplomacy.Central Asian countries take as their core the balance in their diplomacy,which requires China take multi diplomatic policies in its energy cooperation-a necessary result brought about by their balanced diplomacy.


Fusion and noise suppression of medical images are becoming increasingly difficult to be ignored in image processing, and this technique provides abundant information for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper proposes a medical image fusion and noise suppression model in pixel level. This model decomposes the original image into a noiseless base layer, a large-scale noiseless detail layer and a small-scale detail layer which contains details and noise information. The fractional-order derivative and saliency detection are used to construct the weight functions to fuse the base layers. The proposed total variation model combines the fractional-order derivative to fuse the small-scale detail layers. The mathematical properties and time complexity of the total variation model are also analysed. And choose-max method is used to fuse the large-scale detail medical layers simply. Our approach is based on fractional-order derivative, which enables keep more information and decrease blocky effects more effectively compared with the integer-order derivative. To verify the validity, the proposed method is compared with some fusion methods in the subjective and objective aspects. Experiments show that the proposed model fuses the source information fully and decreases noise cleanly.


HAZEN, NANCY L. Spatial Exploration and Spatial Knowledge: Individual and Developmental Differences in Very Young Children. CmILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 826-833. This report examines the relationship between young children's spatial exploration and their cognitive representations of environments. Children aged 20-28 months and 36-44 months explored a museum room, and measures of the quantity and mode (active vs. passive) of their exploration were recorded. Later, the same children were taught a specific route through a laboratory playhouse. Half of them first explored the playhouse freely while measures of the quantity and mode of their exploration were recorded. All of the children were then required to reverse the known route, detour from this route to reach a goal, and reach the goal from other starting positions. Results indicated that active exploration in the playhouse was related to accurate knowledge of its spatial layout. In addition, mode of exploration in the playhouse was correlated with mode of exploration in the museum, and active exploration in the museum was predictive of accurate spatial knowledge of the playhouse. It was concluded that there exist individual differences in the extent to which children explore actively or passively, and that such individual differences may influence cognitive mapping abilities.


At the EXPO 2005 AICHI JAPAN, many robot demonstrations were featured as part of the NEDO project for the practical application of next-generation robots. FUJITSU LTD, AISIN SEIKI CO. LTD., and AIST jointly developed an intelligent wheelchair robot, 'TAO Aicle' and undertook several demonstration experiments at the EXPO. TAO Aicle can accurately determine its position and direction, and travels to its destination autonomously. Location-based service (LBS) technology was applied to support the robot's control and information provision functions. Mechanisms are introduced that allow TAO Aicle's autonomous operation, supported by LBS, and report the results of the experiments. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Sports spirit is a value conception that is formed in the process of physical exercising,provided with enlightenment significance for human development.College sports spirit is an organic constituent part of the con-notation of college campus culture.Its sedimentation,integration and refinement go through the entire process of construction of college campus education culture.Therefore,the influence of college sports spirit on campus should be further boosted by effective ways such as creating a nice sports cultural atmosphere,forming a long effective working mechanism,building a sports activity value system,highlighting sports spiritual value etc.


In a rabbit model of chronic ileal inflammation, we previously demonstrated that coupled NaCl absorption was reduced because of an inhibition of Cl-/[Formula: see text]but not Na+/H+exchange on the brush-border membrane (BBM) of villus cells. In this study we determined the alterations in Na+-stimulated glucose [Na+- O-methyl-d-glucose (Na+-OMG)] absorption during chronic ileitis. Na+-OMG uptake was reduced in villus cells from the chronically inflamed ileum. Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), which provides the favorable Na+ gradient for this cotransporter in intact cells, was found to be reduced also. However, in villus cell BBM vesicles from the inflamed ileum Na+-OMG uptake was reduced as well, suggesting an effect at the level of the cotransporter itself. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Na+-OMG uptake in the inflamed ileum was inhibited by a decrease in the maximal rate of uptake for OMG without a change in the affinity. Analysis of steady-state mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels of this cotransporter demonstrates reduced expression. Thus Na+-glucose cotransport was inhibited in the chronically inflamed ileum, and the inhibition was secondary to a decrease in the number of cotransporters and not solely secondary to an inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase or altered affinity for glucose.


Introduction: Hemodynamic stability is one of the main goals of any anesthesiologist. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two different adjuvants (fentanyl and magnesium sulphate) on hemodynamic response and arousal reactions as indicated by BIS values following laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and to detect the related side effects. Patient and methods: After approval of the university ethical committee and obtaining informed consent from all patients, this prospective randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted in El-Minia university hospital during the period form may 2017 to December 2017. A total of 60 adult female patients, between 20 and 60 years, American society of anesthesiologists grade I and II patient scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were included in the study. Results: Demographic data of the three studied groups were comparable. Discussion: Endotracheal tube remains the gold standard airway device for securing the airway during general anesthesia . however, laryngoscopy and intubation is associated with hemodynamic stress response manifested as tachycardia, hypertension and a variety of cardiac arrhythmias in addition to those hemodynamic changes, arousal reactions as indicated by increase the BIS values also occur with laryngoscopy and intubation. Summary and conclusion: This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in El-Minia university hospital during the period from May 2017 to December 2017.


Introduction: Two main types of unmelted mi-crometeorite are recognised: (1) fine-grained micro-meteorites (fgMMs), dominated by phyllosilicates, and (2) coarse-grained micrometeorites (cgMMs), dominated by anhydrous silicates and glass with magmatic textures [1]. Fine-grained MMs have close affinities to the matrices of CI, CM2 and CR2 chondrites, however, the other major components of these meteorites, chon-drules, are exceedingly rare amongst micrometeorites [2]. Kurat et al., [3] described one particle that, on the basis of shape, texture and minor element chemistry, is probably a chondrule fragment. Genge and Grady [1] have further proposed, on the basis of texture and mineralogy , that most cgMMs represent fragments of chondrules. The preservation of glass in the mesostases of most cgMMs, however, is not consistent with derivation from a parent asteroid that has experienced hy-drous alteration to the extent of the CM2 or CI parent bodies. We report the first discovery of a chondrule fragment from within a fgMM. Texture and mineralogy: Particle SP96-100-001 was collected from the South Pole water well [4] and is dominated by a core of porous fine-grained matrix. The matrix consists of micron-sized subhedral anhy-drous silicate grains embedded in a network-like structure of much-finer grained materials which probably represent the thermal decomposition products of phyllosilicates. Several large (<10 µm) anhedral oli-vine grains are also present in the matrix and appear to be clastic fragments. The unmelted core is surrounded by a <30 µm thick melted rim consisting of sub-micron fayalitic olivine grains in a glassy matrix and evidently formed during entry heating. Adjacent to the unmelted matrix is a large 50 µm diameter igneous object consisting of euhedral zoned forsterite phenocrysts within a glassy mesostasis. Some of the euhedral forsterites are truncated at the interface with the fine-grained matrix indicating that this is a fragment of a larger grain. Close to the external surface sub-micron fayalitic olivine phenocrysts occur in the mesostasis and are similar to those in the melted rim surrounding the fine-grained matrix. These suggest remobilisation of the mesostasis during entry heating and indicate that the igneous texture predates atmospheric entry. Implications: The texture and mineralogy of the igneous object found within particle SP96-100-001 is similar to that of Fe-poor cgMMs and of Type I chon-drules [5]. The occurrence of this object embedded in fine-grained matrix closely resembles that of chondrule fragments and thus implies that cgMMs are derived as


The aim of this study was to understand how relational difficulties in psychotherapy may be handled to represent possibilities for change. Temporary interruptions and subsequent reestablishment of contact were chosen as the strategic focus in one severely challenging case of long term psychodynamic psychotherapy where outcome was known to be good. Interruptions and reestablishments were conceptualised by how the informants gave meaning to them. The choice of focus represented a strategic selection of events in the course of therapy where the regulation of the alliance by the therapist as well as by the patient was at stake. A detailed case record was studied and interviews with patient and therapist were conducted. A hermeneutical-phenomenological approach was used to analyse the material. The narrative dimension was important in structuring and interpreting the data. It was shown how important relational difficulties, such as mutual incompatible expectations and demands was handled both on a structural and interpersonal level, and some important steps and hallmarks of the healing process was identified. Close inspection of the course of events in psychotherapies is seen as a promising method for bringing a better understanding of how change processes unfold.


A problematic of being and consciousness is rerouted from the onset toward illocution, that is, toward a dialogal structure of alteration—"you are the other of yourself." The soul becomes the place in which that separation of the self from itself prompts a hospitality . . . that makes room for the other. And because that "other" is infinite, the soul is an infinite space in which to enter and receive visitors.3


Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been synthesized by a chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride and functionalized with amino groups on their surface. The GNPs were then conjugated with the anti-HER2 human antibody (trastuzumab) for detecting breast cancer cells. The specific binding of trastuzumab-conjugated GNPs onto the breast cancer cells (KPL4 line) were observed by bright-field and dark-field microscopy and were for the first time observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray scanning. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.544]


Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the World. Its essential oil is used as a flavor ingredient, but it also has a long history as a traditional medicine. Coriander essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in different parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. In this study was conducted to investigate the effect of different humic acid doses on some agronomical characteristics and essential oil ratio of coriander in Yozgat ecological condition at Research and Application Area of Gedikhasanli, Faculty of Agriculture, Bozok University during 2015-2016 vegetation period. two coriander cultivars (Arslan and Gurbuz) and different humic acid doses (Control, 10 lt/da, 20 lt/da, and 30 lt/da) were used in the study. According the results of this study; the main values in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of seed per umbel, first branch height, a thousand seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, stalk yield, harvest index, essential oil ratio, and yield were recorded as 39-77 cm, 3-5 number, 5-17 number, 21-52 number, 15-23 cm, 8-16 g, 100-590 kg/da, 30-230 kg/da, 60-370 kg/da, 30-75%, 0.2-0.5%, and 6-80 lt/da, respectively. While values obtained from winter sowing are higher than summer sowing. The best results were obtained from Arslan and 10-20 lt/da humic acid doses.


【This Study has empirically examined the relationship between the role of R & D project leaders and their team performance using data from 87 project teams in 6 R & d organizations. The results reveal that : 1) R & D project leaders play five different roles for performing their jobs-strategic plannar, team builder, gatekeeper, expert and champion : 2) all but the champion role of leaders are positively associated with project team performance unless they have too short team tenure to materialize their role efforts : 3) However, the relationship between the role of leaders and project team performance varies according to characteristics of their team and project tasks. More specifically, it becomes more important for leaders to focus on gatekeeping and championing roles as their team gats older. Team building role of leaders is more important for higher performance of relatively certain R & D projects, while for uncertain R & D projects gatekeeping role appears to be more important.】


At present there is no single model of errors that defines the
relationship between the various quality assurance methods that have
evolved in analytical chemistry. As a result, difficulties are encountered
in ensuring that these methods are individually necessary and jointly
sufficient. A model is suggested here that supplies that need. This model
apportions error between method bias, laboratory bias, run bias and
repeatability variation (the so called 'ladder of errors'),
together with matrix variability. The model allows us to see our current
practices in context and to reassess our priorities. In particular, it
demonstrates that high-level errors are usually of a magnitude comparable
with the more accessible ones but are likely to be overlooked, and suggests
ways in which current practices can be improved.


At present is commonly accepted that efficient lactic acid bacteria used as probiotics have to be alive in the gastrointestinal tract. However does this mean that lactic acid bacteria must be implanted in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract or do the bacteria just must survive during the transit time ? Today it is demonstrated that a probiotic never becomes implanted. Fortunately this is better. The microbiological and physiological barriers exerted by the digestive tract and the autochthonous flora, towards environmental microorganisms, participate to the homeostasis and allow the host the possibility to adapt to the often unfriendly environmental modifications However, in order to exert their beneficial effects in the host, bacteria have to be alive during their transit time. Recent works using molecular tools and designed for Streptococcus thermophilus clearly demonstrated that bacteria do not multiply in vivo but they still able to hydrolyse lactose all along the intestine. In other respects, as reported by different authors, bacterial population must account between 5x10 and 10 of living bacteria per gram of intestinal content in order to produce enough active molecules capable to modify the health. Nevertheless, bacteria strains are not equal towards their ability to resist to unfriendly conditions encountered in the digestive tract. Some populations are drastically reduced during their transit in the intestine and others contrarily resist. In the last case, the approximately 10 living cells ingested in 100 ml of fermented milk lead to local concentrations of 10 per gram of intestinal content even they are diluted 1000 fold. Thus, effects on the host may be observed. For the moment, we just can sort out the strains that show the higher viability during the transit in the gastrointestinal tract. And, little is know about the physiological criteria leading to this viability. We can thus say that the investigation of the characteristics, of lactic acid bacteria used as probiotics, responsible for the definitive implantation in the digestive tract is a useless approach, which can be hazardous in the worse case, if it succeeds. Contrarily, the investigation of characteristics favourable to the viability of the strains during the transit certainly deserves new developments, authorized by the progress of our knowledge on the molecular biology of lactic acid bacteria. SCIENTIFIC SURVEY . LACTIC ACID BACTERIA . PROBIOTICS November 2001 Letter N° 5


The solution to the great mystery of life lies in the understanding of its beginning. If life is not a mere chemical phenomenon but also an electromagnetic one, electromagnetic fields should have played an important role in its birth. Contemporary scientific efforts to solve the mystery of the origin of life concentrate on various possible chemical paths. The most evolved hypotheses try to understand the beginning of life in terms of self-organizing properties of matter (i.e., molecules). Since organisms have very peculiar electromagnetic properties, it is possible and also probable that the origin of life was based on cooperation between dipolar organic molecules and special electromagnetic fields. In contrast to the prevalent hypotheses of molecular self-organization, a testable hypothesis of self organization of electromagnetic field-and-matter is presented.


Abstract Background Older adults with schizophrenia experience poor community integration and social functioning. These individuals are at elevated risk for functional decline and early institutionalization in long-term care facilities. Deficits in thought, language, and communication are core features of schizophrenia and may worsen with age; however, little research focuses on the functional sequelae of these impairments among older adults with schizophrenia. Methods The present study examined the relationships among age, TLC deficits, and functional outcomes in a sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia (N=245; ages 40–85). Participants completed assessments of symptoms, neurocognition, TLC deficits, and functional outcomes. Two different categories of TLC deficits were examined: verbal underproductivity (i.e., alogia) and disconnected speech. Results Regression analyses found that disconnected speech predicted impaired occupational functioning, while verbal under productivity predicted capacity to communicate skillfully in semi-structured social situations, as well as community functioning across interpersonal, occupational, and everyday living domains. Exploratory mediation analyses found that cognitive impairments were mediated by disconnected speed but not under productivity on certain functional outcomes. Discussion Targeted training to improve TLC deficits, especially verbal underproductivity, among older adults with schizophrenia could have downstream effects on community functioning, improving outcomes for a vulnerable group. It is likely that cognitive training interventions would also facilitate these interventions.


Symmetry caused by the presence of identical transmission lines in the transmission switching problem can have a significant negative impact on mixed-integer linear programming methods due to the redundant computation of identical subproblems. Unfortunately, it is not obvious how to remove symmetry by remodeling pairs of identical lines as one line without potentially affecting the quality of the solution. In this letter, we conclude that how one deals with symmetry can drastically affect computation times.


ve:To investigate the relationship between the GFAP-positive neurons of hippocampus and the learning and memory in rats with Fimbria Fornix (FF) injury. Methods: The FF fiber tract in adult rats was unilaterally transected by a stereotactic knife cut. Y-maze procedure and immunohistochemistry method were used to quantitatively assess the change of and the relationship between the ability of learning and memory and GFAP-positive neurons of hippocampus. Results; 2 weeks after the FF fiber tract was transected, the Nv and the average area of astroglia in radiatum layer within the CA1 region of hippocampus increased by 30. 29% and 16. 04% respectively when comparaed with those of the control group. The Nv, VvCB and the average area of astroglia in the molecular layer of gyrus dentatus increased by 30. 15% , 19. 40% and 19. 42% respectively in comparison with those of the normal control. Correlation analysis showed that the ability of learning and memory in rat was negatively correlated with both the Nv of GFAP positive astrocytes in CA1 region ( r = -0. 836 ,P 0. 01 ) and the Nv in gyrus dentatus (r= - 0. 792 , P 0. 01). Conclusion ; The results indicate that GFAP-positive neurons of hippocampus may involve in the learning and memory in rats.


In this study a systematic comparative study of silver nanoparticles hydrosol prepared using different versions of the chemical reduction method have been made. Stability of the obtained sols, theire particle size and polydispersity have been compared. We synthesized nanoparticles via reduction of the AgNO3 aqueous solution by sodium citrate and borohydride, glucose, ascorbic acid, cyclodextrins. Heating, treatment with microwave radiation and ultraviolet have been used to intensify the reduction. When necessary, surfactants were used for additional stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Observations of the surface plasmon resonance band in absorption spectra of the prepared sols allowed to choose the best way to obtain stable silver nanoparticles – the reduction of Ag (I) with an alkaline solution -cyclodextrin under microwave irradiation. The optimum conditions for obtaining the silver hydrosol are pH=11, fifteen or more fold excess -cyclodextrin with respect to the precursor. The obtained hydrosol is stable for at least 4 months at a temperature of 5-25°C.


Despite its rich culture and aesthetic traditions, there has never before been an art history of the tattoo. Beginning with the ?discovery? of the Polynesian tattooing practices, this book traces the history of tattooing as an artistic practice in Britain ? from the first professional tattoo studio in 1870, to the present day. In this enthralling book, body art and modification expert Matt Lodder establishes a chronological survey of this oft-misunderstood and much mythologised mode of art making, from the artisanal studios of Victorian London, via the bawdy dockside spaces of the 1950s, to the seemingly ubiquitous tattoo culture of the twenty-first century. Lodder reveals how tastes and technologies have affected the type of images being tattooed; how innovations in both style and method have evolved; who the most important and influential tattoo artists were; and how tattooing has0always been a permanent fixture of the visual culture of Britain?s entire social spectrum ? from sailors and aristocratic ladies to kings


The grain combine harvester is the most important grain harvesting machine in China. The lack of adaptability of domestic harvesters to different planting habits in different regions of China is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper proposes and mechanically designs and constructs the structure for the automatic detection of grain planting spacing by the harvester, and realizes the automatic control of the plant by PLC technology, thus realizing the automatic measurement of the grain spacing of the grain harvesting machine by the harvester.


The liver plays a central role in intermediate metabolism. Accumulation of liver fat (steatosis) predisposes to various liver diseases. Steatosis and abnormal muscle energy metabolism are found in insulin‐resistant and type‐2 diabetic states. To examine hepatic energy metabolism, we measured hepatocellular lipid content, using proton MRS, and rates of hepatic ATP synthesis in vivo, using the 31P magnetization transfer experiment. A suitable localization scheme was developed and applied to the measurements of longitudinal relaxation times (T1) in six healthy volunteers and the ATP‐synthesis experiment in nine healthy volunteers. Liver 31P spectra were modelled and quantified successfully using a time domain fit and the AMARES (advanced method for accurate, robust and efficient spectral fitting of MRS data with use of prior knowledge) algorithm describing the essential components of the dataset. The measured T1 relaxation times are comparable to values reported previously at lower field strengths. All nine subjects in whom saturation transfer was measured had low hepatocellular lipid content (1.5 ± 0.2% MR signal; mean ± SEM). The exchange rate constant (k) obtained was 0.30 ± 0.02 s−1, and the rate of ATP synthesis was 29.5 ± 1.8 mM/min. The measured rate of ATP synthesis is about three times higher than in human skeletal muscle and human visual cortex, but only about half of that measured in perfused rat liver. In conclusion, 31P MRS at 3 T provides sufficient sensitivity to detect magnetization transfer effects and can therefore be used to assess ATP synthesis in human liver. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Vibration analysis consider as one of the most important parameter in preventive maintenance. Gas turbine vibration analysis also consider as a most challenging category in most critical equipment monitoring systems in this paper first I tried to introduce vibration analysis for different type of equipment used in different industries. Then I will explain the most important tools and hypothesis used and analyzed for these kinds of activities through a real case history. The people who are not directly involve in this matters hope to have better understanding of most critical equipment vibration analysis and also I hope that the people who are directly work in preventive maintenance can touch with different aspect of gas turbine vibration analysis methodologies as well as possible.


Rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out on two kinds of solution-treated austenitic stainless steels (Type 321 and 347) at room temperature, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C with a frequency of 7500r.p.m. and their fatigue strength at 108 cycles was obtained by the staircase method. The specimens of Type 347 steel aged for 24hrs at 750°C were also tested at 600 and 700°C. The plastic deformation behavior under a constant stress amplitude was observed at room temperature, 500 and 700°C for Type 321 steel. The results were compared with those on other austenitic stainless steels (Type 304 and 316) which had been obtained previously by the authors.The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) The following phenomena were observed commonly for the four kinds of solution-treated steels investigated.(i) Endurance limits are clearly found in the temperature range from room temperature to 600°C. At 700°C a clear endurance limit appears below 107 cycles, but the fatigue fracture starts to occur again after 107 cycles.(ii) The ratio of fatigue strength at 108 cycles to 0.2% proof stress is 1.2∼1.7 at 400∼600°C.(iii) The coaxing effect is distinctly observed in the temperature range from 400 to 600°C. At 700°C it is scarcely observed after 108 cycles.(2) The aged 347 steel showed no stepwise S-N curve at 700°C and its cycles to failure continued to increase with decreasing stress amplitude up to 108 cycles.(3) The plastic strain range for the stress amplitude near 0.2% proof stress decreased rapidly with increasing stress cycling at 500°C, and the material became to show substantially elastic behavior.(4) The above phenomena (1) commonly observed for the solution-treated steels are considered to be caused by the strengthening of the material due to aging during the fatigue test at 400∼700°C, and by the softening due to overaging after 106∼107 cycles at 700°C.


Endolysins have been studied intensively as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, endolysin derived from a phage which infects methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli pET28a. Initially, the endolysin was cloned using BamHI/XhoI, resulting in expression of a recombinant endolysin which was expressed in inclusion bodies. While solubilization was successful, the protein remained nonfunctional. Recloning the endolysin using NcoI/XhoI resulted in expression of soluble and functional proteins at 18°C. The endolysin was able to form halo zones on MRSA plates and showed a reduction in turbidity of MRSA growth. Therefore, cloning strategies should be chosen carefully even in an established expression system as they could greatly affect the functionality of the expressed protein.


Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing rapidly worldwide. It is resulted from the
combination of impaired insulin secretion with reduced insulin sensitivity of the target
tissues. The objective of this study is to evaluate metobolites profile in the serum of rats in
different conditions (healthy, diabetes, Cosmos caudatusand metformin treated) using NMR
based-metabolomics approach. The 80 % ethanol extract of C. caudatus was force fed to
diabetic rats. Streptozotocin was used to induce the obese rat to become diabetic (ob-db).
Rats were divided into four groups: healthy rat, ob-db treated with 300 mg/kg metformin and
ob-db treated with 200 mg/kg of C. caudatus. The NMR spectrum of serums were
statistically calculated using multivariate data analysis to discriminate the groups and to
identify the metabolites responsible for discrimination. Glucose level which was elevated in
diabetic rats can be reduced to the normal range after metformin and C. caudatus treatment.
Interestingly metformin caused elevation of ethanol, lactate and alanine which were not
observed in C. caudatus treated rats. Other significant metabolites which have been identified
were glucose, ethanol, alanine and lactate. This study suggested that C. caudatus has
potential for the treatment of diabetes.


A thermodynamic study of the sublimation of an alloy containing 89.35 wt % B and 10.65 wt % Mg was carried out by high-temperature mass spectrometry. Only the Mg + ion was detected in the electron-impact spectrum between 1160 and 1400 K. The temperature variation of the magnesium vapor pressure p (atm) over the alloy was fitted to the equation logP = (- 16.79 ′ 0.19) × 10 3 /T + (6.10 ′ 0.15). The second- and third-law enthalpies of the reaction MgB 1 2 (s) = Mg (g) + 12B (s) were calculated, and the enthalpy of formation of magnesium dodecaboride was determined to be Δ f H 0 (MgB 1 2 , s, 0 K) = -170 ′ 4 kJ/mol.


In this study we proceeded from the general theoretical position that dress is a significant element in role enactment and addressed the specific question of why there is apparent conflict regarding what form of dress is appropriate to enactment of the role of the Roman Catholic priest. Data analyzed were drawn from a study of 5,475 American Catholic priests. Priests who conformed to church regulations regarding dress differed from nonconformists in their beliefs about their roles as priests and in their opinions of church reform, commitment to the priesthood, feelings of anomie, rank within the priesthood, and age.


In this article,we analyzed some misconceptions on recent reform of higher vocational education in our country from teaching perspective.Before the reform,higher vocational college's curriculum system was similar to that of universities while professional skills were similar to those of trade schools,so the higher vocational education was in an awkward situation.The reform is being carried on,but sometimes it is hypercorrect.We analyzed various bad tendencies,trying to resolve them.The situation described is based on reality with reference to economic majors.


Latent factor models (LFMs) are a set of unsupervised methods that model observed highdimensional data examples by linear combination of latent factors. To enable efficient processing of large data collections, LFMs aim to find concise descriptions of the members of a data collection while preserving the essential statistical information which is useful for basic tasks such as classification, indexing or summarization. Due to its simple form and computation convenience, latent factor models have been very popular in modeling and analyzing massive data sets such as text documents and images [Hastie et al., 2001].


The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector intends to play a central role in the transition to an energy-efficient, low carbon economy and thus welcomes and agrees with DG INFSO's target as described on their website: "Provide assurance to ICT companies that the carbon accounting methodologies the industry is being asked to adopt are robust, reliable, cost efficient and can be implemented in a practical way both within the company itself and across its upstream and downstream supply chain."


Objective: The aim of this study is to elicit practitioners' views and experiences of the challenges to forming a therapeutic alliance with brain injury survivors, with a view to informing current psychotherapeutic practice. Methods: The present research utilised the data-display method, a qualitative technique, to examine the questionnaire responses of 21 psychologists who provide forms of psychotherapy for brain injury survivors at rehabilitation units in the UK. An anonymous postal return questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The main challenges to forming a working alliance comprised a range of cognitive, behavioural and emotional sequelae. A combination of educational, psychosocial and cognitive strategies were identified as being most effective in addressing the challenges encountered. Conclusions: A qualitative research approach has proved useful in identifying challenges to the formation of a working alliance and also the modifications to psychotherapeutic practice these challenges have engendered.


The purpose of explaining some of the key lessons learned from the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDRB) is to provide insight into how promising research findings remain unincorporated into national programs and how change can be made within a public sector bureaucracy. This Extension Project contributed to grudgingly slow changes due to bureaucratic rules structures and traditions which resist change. Approaches to dissemination and utilization of operations research (OR) must be adapted to these realities and constraints. Application of findings in order to improve family planning (FP) service delivery lags behind OR particularly in the weakest and technically least sophisticated programs such as in large public sector programs in South Asia. Factors identified as contributing to this situation are shortages of technical expertise to interpret carry out and synthesize OR findings the rapid turnover of senior program personnel the lack of interest paid by senior program managers in public sector programs to potential positive benefits and bureaucratic inertia which restricts the scope and pace of change. 8 basic lessons learned from the ICDDRB project are summarized. 1) Program managers are more likely to utilize OR findings from similar settings. Rarely do dissimilar findings lead to programmatic change. 2) OR results from special pilot projects are likely to be viewed as nonapplicable to public sector programs. 3) The positive impact of specific OR interventions on performance must be convincingly demonstrated to program managers and policy makers particularly where service delivery programs are weak. 4) OR findings must address issues that are directly manipulable by program managers. 5) Effective application will require a long-term perspective. Conventional OR projects of limited duration are unlikely to influence public sector FP policies and programs. 6) Target briefing papers which address specific operational components of FP service delivery can play an instrumental role in the dissemination of OR findings but must be tailored to the needs of program manages and policy makers. 7) Written dissemination of OR results by itself is an insufficient vehicle of persuasion. Continual direct interaction first-hand field observation and workshops on specific aspects such as field worker management information systems are all needed. 8) Technical assistance is essential for effective implementation of recommended programmatic changes based on OR.


Abstract Background: Children with non autoimmune T1D may have unrecognized monogenic forms of diabetes with the potential to respond to oral sulfonylurea therapy and avoid the burden of insulin injections. However, the genetic testing for monogenic diabetes is costly and may not be readily accessible to all families. We report on three patients with non autoimmune T1D on insulin therapy, with specific clinical features suggestive of monogenic forms of diabetes, who underwent successful transition to oral Glyburide (GB) therapy and maintained stable glycemic control off insulin therapy. Clinical Case: Three children, aged 9-14 years, who were non obese, non ketotic, islet cell antibody and GAD 65 antibody negative, who have been on insulin injection therapy at 0.5-1 u /kg/day for 2-4 years, were started with oral Glyburide (GB) therapy at 2.5-5 mg daily with concomitant slow weaning of insulin therapy. Over 2-3 weeks, insulin therapy was completely weaned off while maintaining GB therapy. All patients were monitored closely for blood glucose levels along with c-peptide and Hgba1c levels. All 3 cases showed improved blood glucose levels from upper 100s to 200s mg/dl on insulin therapy to 74-144 mg/dl on GB therapy. Hgba1c levels improved from 9-10.3 % while on insulin therapy to 5.8-7.2 % on GB therapy. No significant hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia was noted during the transition with close follow up and labs demonstrated normalization of c-peptide levels on GB therapy. Glycemic control remains stable on GB therapy while off insulin therapy during follow up for 2-3 years. Blood glucose monitoring has been decreased from 4-6 times daily on insulin therapy to 2-3 times daily on GB therapy. Conclusion: Children with non autoimmune T1D, with features suggestive of monogenetic forms of diabetes, can be successfully transitioned to oral GB therapy from insulin therapy. This highlights the need to indentify this patient population and to make genetic testing more readily accessible for patients who may be candidates for oral therapy. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.


A simple and low-cost strategy for a three-dimensional (3D) helical microreactor was introduced by wrapping a thin silicone or poly(vinyl chloride) tube around a plastic screw mold. Through this method, the helical shape of the 3D microreactor was fabricated and complicated traditional processes were eliminated. After the investigation of the continuous polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a simple microreactor with a novel component was successfully fabricated; such a method could be convenient for designing a miniaturized PCR device.


Higher education institutions currently have invested heavily in Information Technology (IT). Information systems supported by IT can improve service quality and add value to tertiary institutions. Academic services are the main business processes in higher education. An effective Academic Information System (AIS) can support an effective academic service system. To find out and assess the extent to which the performance of AISs in carrying out its objectives and optimizing IT investment needs to be evaluated system performance. This performance evaluation is done by measuring system performance so that it can make improvements to the quality of the system. Measurement of information system performance is carried out on the quality of the system it self. Performance measurement also involves all stakeholders. The objective of this study is to design performance measurements of AISs. The results of this study are a design of AIS performance measurement using the performance prism method in terms of stakeholders and ISO/IEC 25010 in terms of system quality.


The Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) is constructing a 100-MeV proton Linear Accelerator (Linac), consisting of a 50-keV proton injector, Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 3-MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), a 20-MeV Drift Tube Linac (DTL), 100-MeV DTL, and beam lines [1]. In order to monitor signals measured from RF and beam components equipped to the 20-MeV proton linac, the commercial DSO (Digital Sampling Oscilloscopes (DSO) are equipped. The signals which are measured from the DSOs must be calibrated and transmitted promptly to accelerator operators. LabVIEW as Windows PC-based software, which equipped with various Virtual Instruments Software Architecture (VISA) interface as a standard I/O language for instrumentation programming, was chosen to do this data acquisition. On the other hand the LabVIEW was built with Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) middleware [2, 3]. In this paper, preliminary design and implementation of EPICS based software for the RF and Beam Current Monitoring (BCM) will be described.


The essays in this book are refreshingly interdisciplinary, although as the editors point out, this can itself occasion problems. In particular, there can be substantial disagreement in how terms are used, across disciplines and over time. In the first essay, Hew Strachan traces the way that ideas of preemption and prevention and the meanings of those terms have changed since the Renaissance, and he notes that in more recent US usage especially political usage the distinction between prevention and preemption has been largely obscured, if not utterly eradicated. I follow what I take to be the most common usage, according to which a preemption is a response to an imminent attack and prevention is a response to a more distant threat, but the reader should be warned that this usage is far from universal, even within this book. For example, Suzanne Uniacke claims that the central use of preemption is actually that of what I am terming prevention. She analyzes both concepts in terms of a general notion of retaliation basically returning a harm for a harm. She argues that selfdefense (at least when it involves physical force), is essentially retaliatory in nature. Thus, preventive force cannot be considered self-defense, because it responds to a potential, as opposed to an actual, threat. This does not automatically mean that it cannot be justified, but that it lacks the 'definitive normative context' of the legitimate use of harmful force in self-defense. She goes on to suggest that people often try to equate prevention with selfdefense, but what they really ought to be arguing is that in certain circumstances, aggressive force itself can be justified. Most average people (as well as military ethicists) would agree that a preemptive response to an imminent attack can be justified. If you are cocking your fist back to strike me unjustly, and I can beat you to the punch, then I am, other things equal, morally justified in doing so. Prevention, on the other hand, is held to be something entirely different. It is a matter of future speculation, and of choice. It is a response to an attack that may or may not come, and is not imminent in any case. It is as if I decided to beat you up now, because you have recently begun lifting weights and taking karate classes, and I fear that down the road, once the training has paid off, I might no longer be able to handle you. Such an action may be tempting, it might even be in my rational self-interest, but it is not obviously morally justified, especially


We investigate the shape phase transition in even-even ${}_{64}$Gd and ${}_{66}$Dy isotopes within the proton-neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2). The parameters of the IBM-2 Hamiltonian are fixed in two different ways: the usual phenomenological fitting calculation and the mapping of the constrained self-consistent mean-field calculation with a Skyrme energy density functional onto the appropriate boson system. Notable differences are found between the energy surfaces for the phenomenological and the mapped IBM-2. Key quantities for the collective structural evolution, including level energies, $B(\mathrm{E}2)$ values, quadrupole moments, and the two-neutron separation energies, are analyzed in comparison to the experimental data. We show that the transition in these quantities occurs rapidly with the neutron number in the IBM-2 phenomenology but is somewhat smeared out in the mapped IBM-2. The differences in the measurable quantities are consistent with what is suggested by the energy-surface analysis.


Taking design and realization of the inquiring system of geographic information in Shanghai as an example,the paper discusses how to practice the secondary development of GIS using a developmental mode,which is combination of the GIS control with object-oriented programming language.The choice of developmental mode,the main structure and the design of database etc of building the system are illustrated,some function of the system and method of realization are briefly introduced as well in the paper.


Hybrid automata model systems with both digital and analog components, such as embedded control programs. Many veriication tasks for such programs can be expressed as reachability problems for hybrid au-tomata. By improving on previous decidability and un-decidability results, we identify the precise boundary between decidability and undecidability of the reachability problem for hybrid automata. On the positive side, we give an (optimal) PSPACE reachability algorithm for the case of initialized rectangular automata, where all analog variables follow trajecto-ries within piecewise-linear envelopes and are reinitialized whenever the envelope changes. Our algorithm is based on a translation of an initialized rectangular automaton into a timed automaton that deenes the same timed language. The translation has practical signiicance for verii-cation, because it guarantees the termination of symbolic procedures for the reachability analysis of initialized rectangular automata. On the negative side, we show that several slight generalizations of initialized rectangular automata lead to an undecidable reachability problem. In particular, we prove that the reachability problem is undecidable for timed au-tomata with a single stopwatch.


The changes of roll casting microstructure under different casting conditions on experimental casting machine was studied, which showed that solidification microstructure is different with different casting speed and thickness. When the casting speed is 1.3m/min,the thickness of strip is 6mm, coarse columnar grain dominates the solidification structure; when it continuously increases to 4m/min, the thickness of strip is 3mm, aluminum strip shows as hybrid organization with columnar grains in two sides and small equiaxed grains in the center; when the casting speed is over 12m/min,the thickness of strip is 1.75mm, columnar grains all convert into equiaxed grains in solidification structure. The deformation microstructures are different with the different casting speed and thickness of strip. When the casting speed is 0.9m/min, the thickness of strip is 6mm, typical processing flow lines come into being along longitudinal direction and transverse direction shows as squashed grains without re-crystallization. When the casting speed is 5.4m/min, the thickness of strip is 2.5mm, microstructure of aluminum strip becomes chevron organization from columnar crystal, there is a condensate in the center of aluminum strip, and the deformation of outer metal is more serious than inner, incomplete dynamic recrystallized grains come into being in the outer metal of the aluminum strip.


A series of special drained triaxial compression tests using a large-scale triaxial apparatus was carried out to study the viscous properties of gravelly soil. To evaluate loading rate effects on the stress-strain behavior, the axial strain rate was changed stepwise during otherwise monotonic loading (ML) at a constant strain, which resulted in a sharp increase or decrease in the deviator stress. Drained creep loading tests were also performed at several deviator stresses during otherwise monotonic loading and unloading along different stress paths. The amount of creep strain increased with an increase in the deviator stresses. The stress-strain behavior was nearly elastic for some stress range immediately after ML was restarted at a constant strain rate following each creep stage. The viscous properties of partially and fully saturated specimens were essentially the same.


Luce Irigaray's fearlessness towards speaking the body has earned for her work the dismissive label "essentialist." But Irigaray's Speculum de l'autre femme and Ce Sexe qui n'en est pas un suggest that essence may not be the unitary, monolithic, in short, essentialist category that anti-essentialists so often presume it to be. Irigaray strategically deploys essentialism for at least two reasons: first, to reverse and to displace Jacques Lacan's phallomorphism; and second, to expose the contradiction at the heart of Aristotelian metaphysics which denies women access to "Essence" while at the same time positing the essence of "Woman" precisely as non-essential (as matter).


There are three analyzed methods referring to the strengthening the shell of the cylindrical vertical steel tank at the opening zone, where the product pipeline is to be installed. It is advisable to connect the pipeline as close to the bottom of the tank as possible since in that case, the "dead capacity", i.e. the zone from which it is not possible to use the stored fuel, is the smallest. However, the pipeline axis cannot be freely moved to the bottom of the tank as due to process aspects, a proper distance between the welds in the shell and bottom connection zone shall be kept.

The stress in the shell and bottom of the tank was analyzed taking into account three options of the shell strengthening. The solution providing the smallest stress concentration was advised.


The invention discloses a method for raising the seedlings of Zimbabwe KRK26 tobacco in a floating way. The method comprises the steps of selecting a field, filling matrix in nursery trays, preparing nutrient solution, sowing seeds, implementing seedling management, applying fertilizer and growing into the seedlings; the specific steps are as follows: selecting an open flat field which has the characteristics of wind resistance, sunny exposure, low underground water level, adjacent clean water source and convenient traffic, and building a nursery shed at the temperature of 15-30 DEG C inside during the nursery period and a nursery pool; preparing nursery matrix dominated by grass carbon as a main raw material, and filling the nursery matrix in the nursery trays; pouring pH6.0-7.5 water into the nursery pool till being 7-15cm deep; selecting the sowing date to be 60-75 days in advance of transplanting to a big land, sowing 1-2 pelleted germinating seeds into each nursery tray by the adoption of a mechanical sowing way, and then floating the nursery trays in the nursery pool; during the seedling period, inspecting for the filling of the seedlings in gaps, cutting leaves, hardening the seedlings and applying the fertilizer. As for the seedlings of the KRK26 tobacco, which are cultivated by the method, the grown-up seedling rate is more than 95 and the strong seedling rate is more than 90%; a single plant has 6-8 leaves and is of 10-15 stem height and 1.8-2.2cm stem girth; the seedlings of the tobacco are strong without diseases and pests; leaves are in normally green; root systems are developed well; stems are good in flexibility; the seedling colony of the tobacco is uniform and tidy.


Markets coordinate the flow of information in the economy, aggregating it through the price mechanism. We develop a dynamic model of information transmission and aggregation in financial and other social networks in which continued membership in the network is contingent on the accuracy of opinions. Agents have opinions about a state of the world and form links to others in a directed fashion probabilistically. Agents update their opinions by averaging those of their connections, weighted by how long their connections have been in the system. Agents survive or die based on how far their opinions are from the true state. In contrast to the results in the extant literature on DeGroot learning, we show through simulations that for some parameterizations the model cycles stochastically between periods of high connectivity, in which agents arrive at a consensus opinion close to the state, and periods of low connectivity in which agents' opinions are widely dispersed. We add varying degrees of homophily through a model parameter called tribal preference and find that crash frequency is decreasing in the degree of homophily. Our results suggest that the information aggregation function of markets can fail solely because of the dynamics of information flows, irrespective of shocks or news.


CLARKE, HELEN. The Professional Training of the Hospital Dietitian. Teachers College Contributions to Education, No. 602. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1934Pp. iv+96. $I.50. Conclusions and Recommendations of the Commission: Report of the Commission on the Social Studies of the American Historical Association. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934. Pp. xii+168. $1.25. CUBBERLEY, ELLWOOD P. Readings in Public Education in the United States: A Collection of Sources and Readings To Illustrate the History of Educational Practice and Progress in the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934. Pp. xviii+534. $2.50. DEYOE, GEORGE P. Certain Trends in Curriculum Practices and Policies in State Normal Schools and Teachers Colleges. Teachers College Contributions to Education, No. 606. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1934. Pp. vi+10o4. $1.50. DONNELLY, FRANCIS P. Principles of Jesuit Education in Practice. New York: P. J. Kenedy & Sons, 1934. Pp. xiv+206. $2.00.


Process modeling is an active research area. During the last few years, new languages and methods have been proposed to describe software processes. In this paper, the authors clarify the issues involved in software process modeling and identify the main approaches. They also review the main existing approaches and propose a classification scheme.<<ETX>>


Phase-locked loops (PLL) in RF and mixed signal VLSI circuits experience supply noise which translates to a timing jitter. In this paper an analysis of the timing jitter due to the noise on the power supply rails is presented. Stochastic models of the power supply noise in VLSI circuits for different values of on-chip decoupling capacitances are presented first. This is followed by calculation of the phase noise of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in terms of the statistical properties of supply noise. Finally the timing jitter of the PLL is predicted in response to the VCO phase noise. A PLL circuit has been designed in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, and our mathematical model was applied to determine the timing jitter. Experimental results prove the accuracy of the predicted model.


Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential in the analysis and modeling of different topographical, hydrological and ecological phenomena on the Earth surface. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM and Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) are the most widely available global digital elevation model (DEM) dataset. In Nigeria, due to the lack of up-to-date topographic map and high cost of obtaining elevation data using conventional techniques, Map users often resort to the use of these freely available global datasets for their topographic information. However, the vertical accuracy of these global DEM varies depending on the terrain characteristics and land cover types, and may affect the quality of products such as slope, aspect and stream channels derived from these data needed for topographic and hydrologic modeling. This study deals on a comparative analysis of SRTM and ASTER GDEM version1 and version2 in topographical and hydrological modeling of Onitsha and environs using 1:50000 topographic map of the study area as the reference DEM. The validity of the topographic map was confirmed on the ground. The contour lines of the topographic map were digitized and their equivalent values used to generate the topographic DEM. The vertical and horizontal accuracies of the global datasets were evaluated using the reference topographic DEM. The results showed that ASTER ver1 has a vertical accuracy of 13.987m while that of ASTER ver2 is 12.558m. SRTM has a vertical accuracy of 14.125m. Horizontal accuracy of 18.240m and 27.341m was obtained for ASTER ver1 and ASTER ver2 respectively. Horizontal accuracy of 27.092m was obtained for SRTM. The study recommends the use of SRTM for topographic and hydrologic modeling of Onitsha and Environs and other areas of similar topography representation.


The abuse of animals for a variety of purposes has been documented throughout history. Today, amidst growing societal concern for the health and welfare of animals, empirical evidence establishes linkages between the abuse of animals and human aggression. Of particular interest has been the association between domestic violence perpetration and victimization and the role of animal abuse in some of these complex relationship dynamics. Further, the exploitation of exotic animals for profit has reached new heights, putting even greater numbers of animals at risk of abuse and neglect.

Keywords:

criminology;
victim;
victimization;
violence


Compared with asymptotic stability or exponential stability, finite-time stability has the advantages of fast convergence, high tracking accuracy, and strong robustness. Therefore, finite-time control problem has received extensive attention. An adaptive finite-time control problem is discussed in this brief for a class of $p$ -normal nonlinear systems. First, an observer-based state feedback controller is constructed such that the nominal system is globally finite-time stable. Then, the nonlinear terms are dominated by introducing a dynamic gain. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system state converges to origin in a finite time and the dynamic gain is bounded. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Objective To investigate the MRI lesion patterns following single side middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal thread in rats,analyze the neural functional deficits between the different patterns,and evaluate the value of MRI as the inclusive criteria in models.Materials and Methods 8 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats(200-250g)were divided into two groups randomly:middle cerebral artery occlusion /reperfusion(MCAo/R)group was induced in 14 rats,control group was sham-operated in 4 rats.After reperfusion 24 h the neural behavioral functional deficits score and MRI findings were analyzed.Results None of the sham-operated animals showed signal changes on MRI or behavioral-functional deficits,neural behavioral functional deficits score was 5.1 rat in MCAo/R group was excluded for subarachnoid hemorrhage detected by MRI.Two lesion patterns of MR T2WI in 13 rats of MCAo/R group were presented:8 rats showed cortical-subcortical(caudoputamen)lesions,named cp+ subgroup;the other 5 rats exhibited locally restricted caudoputamen lesions,named cp subgroup.The corrected for edema hemispheric ischemic lesion volume(%HLV)in cp subgroup were(14.5±3.9)%,in cp+ subgroup were(34.7±6.3)%.The scores of behavioral functional deficits were 4.0±0.7 in cp subgroup and 2.4±0.5 in cp+ subgroup.The differences of %HLV and the functional scores between the two subgroups were significant.Conclusion Two lesion patterns in MR T2WI are revealed after MCAo 90 min and reperfusion 24 h in Sprague-Dawley rats.The behavioral functional scores of the two lesion patterns are different.The combined MRI and behavioral functional score were helpful to the inclusive criteria and grouping principles of cerebral ischemic models.


Viruses are associated with nearly 20 % of human cancers worldwide. Until recently genetic abnormalities generated by oncogenic viruses in cells were the main object of studies. Understanding of the importance of epigenetics in the regulation of gene expression prompted the investigation of virus and host interactions at the epigenetic level. We review aspects such as common futures of oncogenic virus interactions with cell epigenetic system and virus-specific peculiarities of these interactions. Knowledge of the regulation of virus genomes by cell epigenetic system and disturbances of this system by viruses should provide us with markers for following cancer progression, as well as new tools for cancer therapy


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer can significantly affect the sexual health and function of both male and female patients. The goal of our study was to characterize provider practice regarding sexual health counseling of RC patients and whether practice differs between male and female patients. METHODS: We conducted a national survey of members of the Society of Urologic Oncology to assess topics included in pre- and post-operative sexual health counseling and identify barriers to counseling patients about sexual health. For each topic, we compared the frequency of counseling for male versus female patients using Chi-squared tests. RESULTS: A total of 136 of 723 members responded. Overall, the median age was 43 years (interquartile range [IQR] 38-51), 91.8% were male, 74.8% were in academic practice, 83.1% had completed a urologic oncology fellowship, and 86.2% trained residents. Average years in practice was 12.6±11.1, 99% had previously performed a female RC, and 31.4% had performed at least 10 female RC's in the past year. Providers were significantly more likely to ask males if they were sexually active prior to RC compared to females (90.7% vs. 81.4%, respectively, p<0.001) (Figure 1). Comparing preoperative counseling of sexually active male and female patients, providers were significantly more likely to ask male patients if they had baseline sexual dysfunction (79.6% vs. 38.4%, respectively, p=0.002), to discuss the risk of sexual dysfunction after RC with males (93.5% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p<0.001), and to discuss the potential for nerve-sparing RC with males (70.4% vs. 31.3%, respectively, p=0.001); postoperatively, providers were significantly more likely to discuss sexual health and dysfunction issues with sexually active males versus sexually active females (80% vs. 56%, respectively, p<0.001) (Figure 1). When asked about barriers to discussing sexual health with females, 67.4% listed older patient age, 58.7% said there was not enough time, and 46.7% listed uncertainty about patients' baseline sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant disparities in the sexual health counseling that women received pre- and post-RC compared to men. Since RC has a significant impact on female sexual health, it is critical to address barriers to counseling women about these issues. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: The Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute


Hemodialysis requires anticoagulants to prevent fibrin deposition and thrombus formation in the extracorporeal circuit. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been used as a conventional anticoagulant for a long time. But recently, many side effects of heparin have been documented: hemorrhage, thrombocyto- penia with or without thrombosis, osteoporosis, skin necrosis, alopecia, and hypersensitivity reactions. In the past decade, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have been developed. Compared with UFH, these compounds have a longer plasma half life, less variability in the anticoagulant response to fixed doses, and a more favorable antithrombotic to hem- orrhagic ratio. Thus, rationales for using LMWH as an altemative to UFH would be a reduced risk of bleeding complications and simplified routines for heparinization due to a longer half-life of the anti- coagulant activity. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LMWH as an anticoagulant in hemo- dialysis treatment, we conducted a prospective cross- over study with paired comparison of two different heparins in 18 end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodiatysis. During the first two months of observation, patients received a single bolus of LMWH (Fragmin) 2,552±221 aXa IU/one dialy- sis session, Then patients were switched to UFH dose regimen comprised of a saline prime, no initial bolus and a continuous infusion of 3,174±420 IU/one dialysis session for further two months. All hemodialysis sessions were completed uneventfully. The coagulation values of an anti-factor Xa-specific clotting method (Heptest) from citrated whole blood samples taken 15 minutes after starting hemodialysis were 0.47±0.21 U/ml with LMWH and 0.12±0.03 U/ml with UFH 0.05). The prolongation of the Heptest clotting times with LMWH and UFH was 2.86 for LMWH and 2.55 for UFH using the whole blood assay. The mean frequency of clot deposition in dialyzer was similar (1.1 vs 0.87) as well as mean venous compression time at the end of dialysis (5.96 vs 6.23 minutes). The hematologic and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, platelet count, triglyceride level, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol level did not show any differences between the two heparins. We conclude that a single dose of LMWH is effective and safe in repeated use for hemodialysis and prevents clot formation to a similar degree as UFH.


: After the transition of the status of IAIN to UIN, it affects the community's lack of interest in choosing religious study programs compared to general religious study programs. This study uses a qualitative method, through documentation study techniques by collecting and analyzing official documents, documents whose validity is related to rare study programs interested in in-depth interview techniques. This research resulted in: 1) rare religion study program enthusiasts at Ar Raniry State Islamic University are Islamic Community Development Study Program, Islamic Aqeedah Study Program, and Philosophy, School of Comparative Study Program. 2) Alumni of rare study programs interested in working as employees in the Ministry of Religion, religious counselors, board members, regional government, TNI and Polri, entrepreneurship, journalists, writers, and religious teachers. Recommended: 1) The Ministry of Religion must maintain a rare religious study program of interesting ones. 2) Needs strategic and technical steps in the Aqeedah and Islamic Philosophy (AFI) study program, through: Rector and Dean's Policy of graduating students who are not accepted to other study programs with graduated standard grades to enter the rare study program applicants; open a special line "Scien achievement, art and sports"; Empower lecturers, community leaders and alumni to socialize religious study programs to MA students; Vocational High School and Islamic boarding school; MOU between UIN Ar Raniry and local government in rare study program enthusiasts; and Giving scholarships to students in quiet study programs.


"Aren't there any anthropologist jokes?" asked a doctor friend of my mother's, who had just entertained a table of lunch buddies at their retirement community with a series of doctor gags. To my mother's disappointment, I couldn't think of even one. I do have a poor memory for jokes, but a quick survey of my peers revealed that we are not given to either wit or thigh-slapping when it comes to the practice of our trade. The only anthropologist to deliver was my friend and former mentor David Schneider, who came up with this one: "A postmodern anthropologist and his informant' are talking; finally the informant says, 'Okay, enough about you, now let's talk about me.' "2 Retelling this joke I realized one reason it struck me as funny was its similarity to a recent television ad. A young man and woman, postmodern looking in their tight black clothes and spiked hair, are chatting at a party, and she says to him, "Okay, now let's talk about you; what do you think of my dress?" Not only did Schneider's joke suggest a certain absurdity in the so-called reflexivity discourse, but its kinship with the suggestive commercial inspired me to wonder why the postmodern scrutiny of the relation between informant, researcher, and text is limited to who is talking or even what is said. What else is going on between fieldworker and informant? Is "the romance of anthropology" only a manner of speaking? In their germinal article contrasting postmodernism and feminism in anthropology, Frances E. Mascia-Lees et al. "see a romantic yearning to know the 'other' " behind the reflexive "turn" (1989:25-26). But, rather than leading on to the obvious erotic possibilities, they circle back within the metaphor:


This paper summarizes the research of computer simulation for heat treatment processes in Shanghai Jiaotong University. The application of numerical simulation in carburizing has realized the simulation of technology parameters as a function of time, such as, temperature, atmosphere compositions, carbon transfer coefficient, and diffusion coefficient, where the effect factors are considered. The parameters will be more approximate to the practical situations. On the basis of the above stated simulation, the CAD software of gas carburizing was developed, and an intelligent carburizing technology was formed combining the on line computer controlling. The good results were achieved. In the computer simulation of quenching process, the 3D no linear FEM model of coupling the temperature, phase transformation and stress was used to simulate the temperature fields with complicated shapes and technology processes. The corresponding experiments in production were carried out. The experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The simulation method has been applied to production. By summarizing our past work and combining the international related work, this paper indicated that currently the simulation of heat treatment are proceeding to the stage of practical application, thus, the remote technical service for heat treatment can be realized. The remote technical service for heat treatments is the way of connecting the user and service center via Internet, performing the on line and self assistant technical service without location limit. It will change the conventional technical service for heat treatments, optimize the source distribution of heat treatment technologies, and change the working way of heat treating technicians. Therefore they can conduct the creative thinking and working by on line connecting the remote technical service center for heat treatment.


It was a pleasure reading Dr. Steadman's paper beforehand. To be exposed to a well-written, concise, well-organized presentation is always an enjoyable experience. Further, it was a pleasure to fmd that the Baxstrom patients had not been forgotten but were being used continually to evaluate this judicially ordered experiment. Johnnie Baxstrom, unfortunately, had only a short-lived freedom as a result of his efforts. He died in Baltimore on June 7, 1966, less than one month after his release. The autopsy revealed death from status epilepticus. There was evidence that he had not taken his medication after discharge from the hospital. This raises the question whether or not he should have remained in the hospital because he was dangerous to himself, i.e., he needed someone to see that he took his medicine regularly. FolloWing the Baxstrom decision the civil hospitals girded themselves for violence. Special secure wards were set up, judo training was offered to the staff, etc. All for naught. These patients were not dangerous. They would commit no more assaults than other patients. In fact, they were possibly less dangerous than other patients, although there are no specific studies relating to the degree of assaultiveness of the "ordinary" hospitalized mentally ill. Obviously, the doctors overrated these patients as dangerous. Obviously, too, from the data, they were wrong at this time. I emphasize "at this time," because there is evidence -that all of these patients did, in fact, commit some type of dangerous assaultive behavior at a time in the past. They were once dangerous and were expected to continue to be dangerous. The issue is dangerous for how long? The answer to the Baxstrom phenomena may be that the predictions were outdated. If these patients had had only an average hospitalization of four years instead of the fourteen they actually did have, perhaps the predictions would have proved more realistic. We do know that age and antisocial behavior show an inverse ratio. (The older one gets, the less antisocial behavior.) Another factor that might explain the phenomena seen here is what I have, in modesty, called Rappeport's Rule. There are two parts to this: a deterrent phenomenon and an identification phenomenon. Briefly stated, the rule is as follows: 1. Those persons who have suffered long and unpleasant hospital or prison experiences will, upon release, control their behavior if at all possible in order to prevent being returned. 2. People identified as mentally ill or dangerous by professionals accept such identification and thereby, having a reasonable explanation for their behavior, become less dangerous. The first part should be clear, i.e., "I'll behave if it kills me, rather than return to that damned place." The second part may not be so clear because it is inferential. My own studies on the discharged mentally ill show that they are, in fact, no more dangerous than the average citizen, which does not say too much today. We should, however, certainly expect paranoid suspicious people to be more dangerous. Those people who are dangerous, however, seem to be the ones who are only identified as possibly mentally ill after they have committed offenses, such as Oswald, Sirhan, Bremer. Most of the patients who pled "not guilty by reason of insanity" were never "labeled" as being mentally ill by virtue of commitment to a psychiatric hospital or even involvement in an outpatient treatment program. No one with professional authority ever told them they were mentally ill and that their ideas were actually "sick or crazy ideas. "


In this work, we study the spin dynamics of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$-acetate molecules in the regime of thermally assisted tunneling. In particular, we describe the system in the presence of a strong transverse magnetic field. Similar to recent experiments, the relaxation time/rate is found to display a series of resonances; their Lorentzian shape is found to stem from the tunneling. The dynamic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is calculated starting from the microscopic Hamiltonian and the resonant structure manifests itself also in $\ensuremath{\chi}(\ensuremath{\omega}).$ Similar to recent results reported on another molecular magnet, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8},$ we find oscillations of the relaxation rate as a function of the transverse magnetic field when the field is directed along a hard axis of the molecules. This phenomenon is attributed to the interference of the geometrical or Berry phase. We propose susceptibility experiments to be carried out for strong transverse magnetic fields to study these oscillations and for a better resolution of the sharp satellite peaks in the relaxation rates.


This publication addresses all aspects - experimental and modelling - of the physical metallurgy of aluminium alloys, with particular emphasis on processing, microstructures and user properties. The entire set of material applications is covered, for example, transportation, packaging and building, and all Al-based materials have been included, including Al-Li alloys, laminates, composites and ultrafine structures, prepared by conventional or novel techniques. The need for more global and interdisciplinary approaches has resulted in a stronger emphasis on solidification and casting metallurgy on the one hand, and on materials engineering (joining, surface properties, structural components) on the other. This is complementary to the more traditional core topics of mechanical behaviour, microstructure - process - property relationships and alloy development.


TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the report by Fornè et al. (1) on the accuracy of stool assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradicating therapy. Two recent studies have examined the same question (2, 3). There appears to be agreement that the stool assay (HpSA) is a reliable indicator ofH. pylori infection in untreated patients (Table 1) (1, 2, 4–20). The case at issue, however, is its value as a test for successful bacterial eradication shortly after treatment. It is important to stress that when assessing newly developed techniques the evaluation must be as rigorous as possible. We have recently published our completed posttherapy follow-up study involving 162 patients enrolled in 10 European centers (3). According to the Maastricht guidelines for H. pylori testing (21), in our study patients were definedH. pylori infected when patients with at least two tests were positive forH. pylori or if culture alone was positive. Employing this strict definition we found a sensitivity and specificity of 93.8% and 96.9%versus90.9% and 99.2% for HpSA andC urea breath test (UBT), respectively, in 162 posttreatment patients. Fornèet al.present data on 188 patients enrolled; 70, 142, and 64 of them were also evaluated at 24 h, 6 wk, and 6 months after therapy. All the patients enrolled by Forne ` et al.underwent HpSA, theC UBT, and endoscopy plus biopsies for histology and rapid urease test at entry. Unfortunately for the most interesting part of the study ( i.e., the follow-up posttreatment testing), the patients were tested with only the HpSA and UBT. At entry the authors used a two out of three test combination to define positivity. With their working definition the authors found fairly high sensitivity and specificity for HpSA in the pretreatment setting. Although the pretreatment UBT had only 93.4% sensitivity and 90% specificity, the authors accepted its use as a gold standard for comparing the HpSA test in the posttreatment setting. We think it would have been more accurate to compare the HpSA and a combination of tests, as in the pretreatment setting. The authors choice to use a single reference method (UBT), which they demonstrated as having a 10.5% false positive rate (1002 specificity) and 6.6% false negative rate (100 2 sensitivity), predisposed the follow-up study to 12 UBT false positives (0.1053 27 positive patients) and seven to eight UBT false negatives (0.066 3 114). The observation of eight UBT positive/HpSA negative patients is thus consistent with the poor specificity of the UBT test used by the authors. In addition, seven to eight of the UBT negative/HpSA positive results may be attributable to the sensitivity of the UBT method. These results serve to highlight the danger of utilizing a single reference method, especially in making judgments regarding the performance of a new test method. Another area of concern is the receiver operating characteristics reported by the authors. The x axis is reported as "True negative rates (1 2 Specificity)." In point of fact, the value 12 Specificity yields the false positive rate, as demonstrated below:


In conventional inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging methods based on compressed sensing (CS), some of the weak scatter points cannot be recovered completely with a short coherent processing interval (CPI). Therefore in this paper, according to the continuity pattern of the ISAR image and location of the dominant scatter points in some clusters, we present a high-resolution ISAR imaging method based on Block Bayesian Compressed Sensing to reconstruction of unknown Sparse Clustering Structure, which is named as BBCS-SCS. For this reason, we first use complex Gaussian prior distribution to model statistical dependencies between neighboring dominant scatterers. Then, a variational Bayesian (VB) inference has been designed and developed to learn the clustering structure of scatterers in the target scene. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of image contrast, image entropy, and running time in comparison with other methods in strong noise.


This paper discusses the applications of digital visual interface technique,including DVI communication protocols,the setting up of TMDS active digital visual link,signal characteristics,signal encoding,transmitting and decoding,and also introduces the requirement and notes in PCB layout of digital visual differential trace on the basis of implementation


In the fall of 1963, two extended steady-state stability tests were conducted on a 532 000-kW cross-compound steam turbine-generator at the Will County Station of the Commonwealth Edison Company. These tests followed a series of analytical studies conducted from 1961 through 1963, and aimed at predicting extended steady-state stability limits. In the 1950s, similar tests had been conducted on smaller tandem steam turbine-generators and on hydrogenerators. The subject report is the first documentation of tests conducted on cross-compound turbine-generator sets. In addition, studies and tests were conducted to confirm steady-state stability limits in the generator overexcited region (lagging power factor operation). Operation in this region may occur with extra long transmission lines or weak interconnections between the unit and the power system.


Although significant changes took place in the Church of England between 1547 and 1553, the Protestant Reformation under Edward VI has received less attention from historians than the Reformation under Henry VIII or Elizabeth 1.1 The publication of A. G. Dickens' The English Reformation in 1964 marked the beginning of a redirection of reformation studies which included a deeper appreciation of the importance of the Edwardian Reformation. Dickens saw the English Reformation as part of a larger European religious crisis and focused attention on Lutheran, Calvinistic, and other continental influences that contributed to the development of protestantism under Henry VIII and Edward VI. Emphasizing the successes of Edwardian reformers, Dickens wrote, "Such evidence as we can adduce suggests that Protestantism continued steadily to expand amongst the upper and middle classes, while . . . able preachers could still make many converts among the working people of the towns."2 In recent years, however, regional studies have revealed the obstacles to Protestant reform and the survival of Roman Catholicism.3 This essay looks at the Edwardian Reformation from the center of England, the city of London, and examines religious change at the parochial level. It is


Objective:To investigate for the development tendency in obstetric nursing Method:740 cases were randomly divided into experiment group and control group In experiment group,mothers and their infants received holistic nursing in hospital as well as in families;In control group,they only received basic nurs~ing Result:At the 7th day after discharged from hospital there are significant differences in mothers and their infants helth condition between two groups(P0 05,P0 01);At 30th day after discharged,there are still differences(P0 05,P0 01) Conclusion:Its the crux in obstetric nursing that spread nursing centered on family for health of mother and infants


The traditional water mills have low output with primarily use of grinding. The up gradation and improvement of these water mills is an effective and sustainable way of meeting the energy needs of a major section of the hilly people. This study discusses the case study of standard water mills developed in order to cover the entire range of water mills sites in Uttaranchal. Based on the site data available, 1 standard water mills have been designed, developed and tested for their performance. The developed water mills at Kherola village near Bhimtal, district Nainital have been found efficient. The status of water mills, energy situation in Uttarakhand, impact of water mill upgrade and the developed system have also been discussed.


We show that an imaging fibre with a pixel pitch of 2 $\mu \text{m}$ is theoretically achievable using silica-based microstructured fibres. Preliminary fabrication results are presented using extrusion of glass through 3D printed titanium dies.


The maximum transport current 1, of the composite superconductors is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the high values of the transport current observed in these materials is due to the non-linear part of the current-voltage characteristic in the range of low electric fields (E 5 IOe6 Vcm'l ) . The conductors of rather different structure with Nb-Ti superconducting filaments were tested in a wide range of the external parameters. It is shown that in the external magnetic fields Ba 3 IT the ratio Im/Ic (where IC is the critical current) is the universal function of the single dimensionless parameter which depends on the sample properties and the external conditions. The theory and experiment are in a good agreement.


Several 1-liepta-0-benzoyl-β-D-lactosyl-5-aryl-2-S-benzyl-2,4-isodithiobiurets have been prepared by the interaction of 1-hepta-O-benzoyl-β-D-luctosyl-2-S-benzyl isothiocarbamide with aryl isothiocyanates. The structure of these new N-lactosylated-2,4-isodithiobiurets have been established on the basis of usual chemical transformations and IR, NMR, and Mass spectral analysis. Antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated.


Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has attracted a great amount of attention due to its potential for organic and inorganic waste treatment concomitant with power generation. It is thus seen as a clean energy alternative. Modifications and innovations have been conducted on standalone and hybrid/coupled MFC systems to improve the power output to meet the end goal, namely, commercialization and implementation into existing wastewater treatment plants. As the energy generated is inversely proportional to the size of the reactor, the stacking method has been proven to boost the power output from MFC. In recent years, stacked or scale-up MFCs have also been used as a power source to provide off-grid energy, as well as for in situ assessments. These scale-up studies, however, encountered various challenges, such as cell voltage reversal. This review paper explores recent scale-up studies, identifies trends and challenges, and provides a framework for current and future research.


Marcus Clarke's colonial convict novel For the Term of His Natural Life is one of the few Australian novels to have been recognized overseas as a classic. Indeed, it enjoys somewhat lonely pre-eminence in the Oxford University Press World's Classics Series.' The first English edition of His Natural Life was published by Richard Bentley in 1875, a year after the original Melbourne edition. The same publisher reissued the novel in 1884 and again in 1885 under the longer title For the Term of His Natural Life. There have been frequent reprints of this text, while a convenient complete Penguin edition of the original serial version appeared in 1970, edited by Stephen MurraySmith. The novel's fame is not narrowly Australian; editions have appeared in America, Germany, Holland, Russia, and Sweden. It was the subject of a fine early film, revived as part of the Sydney Film Festival in I981 to the accompaniment of ecstatic praise from the critics. Several dramatic versions have been made; and the latest proof of its enduring popularity was the decision in 198 I to make a five-million-dollar TV series out of the story. There are good reasons for its continuing popularity and success. To begin with it is a rattling good story, even if the plot creaks in places. Then, it opens the reader's eyes to an important phase in Australia's history that many would prefer to forget, but which nevertheless exercises a curious fascination for everyone in the world. It is a brilliant piece of historical documentation, an inspired piece of creative journalism, based on Clarke's investigation of convict records in Melbourne and his research as a journalist on holiday in Tasmania a few years after the last convict had been transported to Australia. It is also a challenging book about justice and injustice in a closed system, about the extent to which punishers and punished are victims of the penal system and therefore by implication about the extent to which we are all prisoners of established systems. Finally, it is a novel about the powers of human endurance and the redemptive power of love. Both in form and substance it fits Henry James's description of the typical mid nineteenthcentury novel; it is a 'huge baggy monster'. Like many of Dickens's novels, it appeared first in serial form. It ran for twenty-seven instalments in the Australian Journal from March 1870 to June


This article proposes a Multi-Objective Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (MOCLPSO) approach for multi-objective environmental/economic dispatch (EED) problem in electric power system. The EED problem is a non-linear constrained multi-objective optimization problem where the power generation cost and emission are treated as competing objectives. The proposed MOCLPSO approach handles the problem with competing and non- commensurable fuel cost and emission objectives and has a diversity-preserving mechanism using an external memory (called "repository") and Pareto dominance concept to find widely different Pareto-optimal solutions. Simulations are conducted on typical power system problems. The superiority of the algorithm in converging to the better Pareto optimal front with fewer fitness function evaluations is shown in general.


The study aims to identify which procedural mechanisms are available to jurisdictions capable of provoking the distinction precedents, especially in the new understanding of the STJ established in Constitutional Complaint 36.476/SP. The theme is based on theoretical bibliographic support and contributions from proceduralists, in addition to related legislation. In the light of the research, the correct classification of CR is concluded, in addition to the suggestion regarding improvements in the diction of the devices related to the grievance in a special and internal resource.