In the 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress granted to the States and their political subdivisions authority to regulate radioactive air emissions from nuclear generating plants. This Article is designed to provide an introduction to the technical issues that attorneys, decisionmakers, and intervenors must consider when a State contemplates establishing radioactive air emission standards independent of, and possibly more stringent than, federal standards. The article contains an extensive analysis of: (1) the mechanisms by which radionuclides are created at nuclear generating plants and released to the environment; (2) the manner in which radionuclides move through the environment to eventually harm receptors; (3) the ways in which radionuclides affect human organisms; (4) the role of atmospheric and environmental transport modeling in establishing and enforcing radioactive air emission standards, including the potential weaknesses of such modeling; (5) the adequacy of existing federal standards; and (6) prospects or improving those standards. The article also contains an extensive discussion of the various ways in which environmental standards may be created and expressed.


Fertilised cropland is a potential non-point source of nitrogen contributing to the nutrient enrichment of surface water ecosystems. Nitrogen is present in drainage outflow primarily because of the addition of fertilisers. The purpose of this study is to model the nitrate leaching to surface waters using a quasi twodimensional mechanistic flow model (DRAINMOD) in combination with a GIS. The GIS is used to describe for the catchment the spatial distribution of soil type and land use, and to present the simulated nitrate leaching over the catchment. This paper summarises the method used to model the nitrate leaching at field scale and how the GIS was applied to present the spatial distribution of nitrogen loss by natural and artificial drainage. The method was applied to the Witte Nete catchment in Belgium having a total catchment area of 40.7 km 2 . The study shows great advantages of the association between a GIS and a nitrate simulating model where spatial data management, taken care of by the GIS, is combined with temporal variable simulation, taken care of by the mechanistic model. Furthermore, the study illustrates that a GIS in combination with a mechanistic field scale model is a powerful and suitable tool for modelling and analysing nitrate leaching at regional scale. The resulting vulnerability map depicts the nitrogen leaching as a function of soil type and land use and gives the decision maker the opportunity to diversify the nitrogen leaching standards.


Islamic science must be used as a tool to find the truth and solutions to all problems that involve the needs of society as a whole and not just a part of it. The philosophy of Islamic science requires some principles and policies of Islam itself. It cannot be measured using modern scientific civilization. Islamic science also has many past scholar who are very critical, firm and with integrity in understanding nature. It also illustrates the greatness of the spiritual and intellectual elements of the Islamic discipline. Thus, this working paper carries two objectives. First of all, it seeks to identify the definition of philosophy of Islamic science and secondly, it intends to analyse the philosophy of Islamic science study trend. This library study reveals that the definition of Islamic science is more comprehensive than the modern counterpart. All of these carry the purpose of ensuring that the philosophy of Islamic science stays relevant from time to time.


Near-ultraviolet (300 to 400 nm) irradiation of L-tryptophan yielded H2O2 (a toxic photoproduct) that was selectively lethal for rec and polA1 Escherichia coli mutants. H2O2 treatment of cells resulted in the induction of single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid breaks. These breaks were repaired to only a small extent in polA1, recA recB, and recA mutants, but were efficiently repaired in wild-type strains. We conclude that H2O2 deoxyribonucleic acid lesions require both the polA+ and recA+ pathways for repair.


This study aimed to analyze the effect of a variable practice training in the double wall right forehand by using wrist weights. Thirty-four experienced padel players participated in this study. Players were randomly distributed in two groups (control group [CG] and training group [TG]). The TG performed 1 month of variable training, induced by weighted wrist bands, twice a week, with the same number of sessions and volume of training as the CG. TG obtained significant difference in posttest measurements (effect size = 0.437) in terms of the number of successful shots compared to CG (effect size = 0.027). These findings showed a significant effect of the TG with respect to the CG. Results reinforce the role of variability in the exploration and reinforcement of motor learning.


• Objectives
The objective of this paper is to propose a framework for mapping the sustainable development and poverty alleviation impacts of social and environmental enterprises in Africa. This framework is then piloted with reference to an East African Ecobusiness.
• Prior Work
This paper is based on data collected as part of a wider research project examining social and environmental enterprises across the 19 countries of Southern and Eastern Africa. In total, the sustainable development and poverty alleviation impacts of 20 in-depth case studies in 4 countries are being examined.
• Approach
Data was collected using in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders associated with the case study business. Secondary materials were also analysed and a quantitative survey of customers undertaken.
• Results
In addition to their impacts on the environment, African eco businesses can also have substantial social, economic and wider poverty alleviation impacts. This paper maps the impacts of a case study East African ecobusiness, as part of developing a social and environmental enterprise impact framework for Africa and the wider developing world. In our case study, positive and negative impacts are identified, while questions are raised in relation to tradeoffs between social and environmental objectives and temporal dimensions of impact. The usefulness of existing frameworks for understanding the social, environmental and development impacts of these kinds of organisations are also considered.
• Implications
This paper outlines the necessity of building an African-centric impact map to capture the multi-level poverty alleviation and sustainable development impacts of social and environmental enterprise activity in developing world environments. The framework proposed also offers guidance to businesses operating in Africa about the factors that might be considered as part of their wider social and environmental responsibilities.
• Value
Assessing the impact of social and environmental enterprises, especially as a route to development within low income countries, is receiving increasing attention in academia and beyond. This paper presents a useful contribution to the scarce literature on social and environmental enterprises in Africa.


This study examined the effects on the marriages of twelve patients who underwent intestinal bypass surgery for extreme obesity. Marked conflict and disruption were observed. Most striking were changes in the areas of sexuality and dependence/independence parameters. The authors discuss the function of the symptom of obesity within these marital systems.


In order to investigate the capabilities and limitations of organic semiconductor devices high-quality single crystals of these materials have been grown and their properties have been investigated. The observation of the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall effect in organic semiconductors reveals the similarity to conventional inorganic semiconductor materials, such as Si or GaAs. In addition, electronic as well as optoelectronic devices based on such crystals have been prepared leading to the demonstration of ambipolar field-effect transistors and electrically- pumped solid state lasers.


Linear mixture modeling was applied to NOAA-AVHRR data (bands 1, 2, and 4 X two dates) over the Pampa region, Argentina, to derive fraction images of winter crops, summer crops and pastures. First, the signatures of the three classes were extracted on sets of 3 km wide calibration windows by regressing the mixed NOAA response on the class proportions, estimated from classified Landsat TM data. The class signatures were found consistent with the cover types, but a variability depending on the set of windows was noted. Subpixel classifications of the NOAA data were then performed using the different sets of class signatures. Although some discrepancies between NOAA and Landsat estimates were observed at the window level, the classification results for winter crops, summer crops and pastures compared well at regional scale with Landsat estimates, hence confirming the potential of linear mixture modeling applied to coarse resolution data. However, the extension of the classification beyond the calibration zone was hampered in our case by the poor preprocessings of the NOAA data.


Matrix-induced sutologous chondrocytes implantation (MACI) is a promising technique for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions, but long time outcome have to be established. We developed and optimized specific techniques of histochemical staining to characterize healthy and pathologic osteochondral tissue. Seven different staining protocols were applied to assess tissue architecture, cells morphology, proteoglycan content, and collagen fibers distribution. Potentialities of histochemical staining and histomorphology of biopsies from second look arthroscopy will be presented.


Polymers based on glycerol and citric acids have been synthesized. These polymers are found to be biodegradable in nature and may be used as surfactants. Polymers were synthesized using required amount of glycerol and citric acid in addition with small quantity of ingredients namely polyethylene glycol(400), sorbitol, sodium bisulphate and sodium bisulphite. The synthesized polymers have been analyzed for physicochemical characteristics like % solids, pH, H.L.B ratio and % oxirane oxygen value. In addition to physiochemical analysis selected polymer was analyzed for its biodegradability. The result shows that the polymer is biodegradable and suitable ingredient for preparation of biodegradable surfactant. Keyword : - Glycerol, Polyethylene glycol(400), Citric acid, Surfactants, Biodegradability, Polymer.


The results of jet flow modelling corresponding to the two different experiments using direct numerical stimulations of the Navier ‒ Stokes equations are presented. Convective terms of the Navier-Stokes equations are solved using fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) shock capturing scheme designed by Shu and Osher with Lax ‒ Friedrichs splitting. The second-order central difference scheme was used to approximate the diffusion terms. The four-stage fourth-order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge ‒ Kutta ‒ Gill explicit time integration scheme was used. The results of the same jet flow modelling using software package "ЛОГОС" ("LOGOS") by applying the SST-2003 turbulence model are also presented. It is shown that the numerical solution of the Navier ‒ Stokes equation, similar to essence of the direct numerical simulation, produces results close to the experimental data, and is not inferior to the use of the SST-2003 turbulence model.


Cu/SiO2 catalysts with different Cu loading were prepared by an ammonia-evaporation method for the glycerol hydrogenolysis in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption desorption, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and N2O-H2 titration. It was found that the copper phyllosilicate phase was formed during the preparation of the Cu/SiO2 catalysts. The copper phyllosilicate phase is considered as the dominated contribution to the special characters of the catalyst, such as large surface area, high Cu dispersion as well as strong metal support interactions. As a result, a significant high space-time yield of 4.5 g·g −1 ·h −1 for 1,2-propanediol and rarely good stability were achieved in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. Moreover, the strongly adsorbed glycerol at the condition of lower conversion was observed to be one of the important reasons for Cu particle growth, and this negative effect was more remarkable than that of water.


The possibility to control matter at the atomic and molecular scale opens the door to new types of devices that exhibit unprecedented physical properties. For the wireless communications community, the development of miniature transceivers and antennas that operate in traditionally uncharted frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum opens the door to transformative applications across scales (from nano to macro), domains (biological and non-biological), and realms (from classical to quantum). In this article, the state of the art in electromagnetic nanoscale communication and networks is presented by following a bottom-up approach. After describing some innovative applications of this technology, the fundamental physical properties and capabilities of nano-transceivers and nano-antennas at optical and terahertz frequencies are reviewed. The main phenomena affecting the propagation of the generated signals are then presented both from the wave and particle perspectives. Starting from the hardware capabilities and the channel peculiarities, tailored communication and networking solutions are discussed, all defining a roadmap to transform fundamental research into socially-meaningful applications.


The molecular structure / nonlinear optical (NLO) property relationship is explored with seven recently synthesized chromophores. Two symmetrical compounds were made using electron withdrawing groups separated by an electron rich core while five asymmetrical molecules were developed using electron donating and withdrawing groups coupled by a it electron bridging group. Pendant chains were added to some of the chromophores to improve processibility. Their syntheses are described and their optical limiting properties discussed. INTRODUCTION Organic molecules with large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections enable a wide variety of new technologies in the areas of fluorescent imaging [ 1], upconverted lasing [2], threedimensional data storage [3], photodynamic cancer therapy [4], and optical power limiting [5]. Materials which exhibit strong optical power limiting behavior when exposed to high intensity light are critical in the prevention of radiation damage to eyes and sensitive photodetectors. These compounds must have the ability to react to high intensity light sources extremely rapidly (nanosecond response) while maintaining a high transparency at low intensities. Structure / Property Relationships and Materials Issues The major problem that one has to face when designing new molecules with improved two-photon properties is understanding the structure / two-photon property relationships for various combinations of organic structural units. A convenient place to begin is with equation 1, where G2 is the molecular two-photon absorption cross-section, h is Planck's constant, u is the frequency of the incident light, n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, N is the number of absorbing molecules and Im(X(3)) is the imaginary part of X(3), the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. 82 hu ( -2 -n 2 c 2 N .Im(X )() From the above expression, materials which have been designed to maximize their X(3) values also should be good candidates for optical limiting via two-photon absorption. A potential 3 Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 479 © 1997 Materials Research Society terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-479-3 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 184.108.40.206, on 09 Dec 2019 at 00:22:20, subject to the Cambridge Core problem with this assumption is that as structural changes are incorporated to increase X(3), the absorption maximum for TPA shifts so that challenge is to increase 02 while maintaining Xmax approximately constant. Molecular Design It was decided to focus our work on the study of the optical limiting properties on two somewhat different classes of organic molecules which we assumed would have reasonable limiting activity via a two-photon mechanism at 800 nm. The chromophores of the first class are symmetrical in nature and based on an electron-rich thiophene core D with terminal it electron acceptor benzothiazole end groups A (see figure 1). A-D-A A-D-D-A Fig. 1 Generalized electronic structures for Class I compounds. The molecular structure of the second general class of compounds is based on a nt electron bridging core coupling a diphenyl amino or thiophene it electron donor with a pyridine 7t electron acceptor. The generalized structure for this class of materials closely resembles the generalized structure of chromophores which possess large second-order nonlinear optical activity (see figure 2). In some cases pendant groups were added to improve the solubility and compatibility characteristics of a particular molecular structure. D--7-A Fig. 2 Generalized electronic structure for Class II type molecules. SYNTHESIS Symmetrical Chromophores Special attention was placed on the purification of all the compounds synthesized. In all cases the proposed structure was confirmed by elemental, mass spectral, spectroscopic and HPLC analyses. Compound 1 (AF-15) was prepared in 53% yield (mp 92-93°C) by the trimethylsilylpolyphosphate (PPSE) catalyzed condensation of the bis-oxydecyl-substituted thiophene diacid with o-aminothiophenol. 'NH2 H21CI°o OC1°H21 0 '"SH H21C10° OC1°H21 HO2 c ý CO2H PPSE, N2 85-135°C 1 Fig. 3 Synthesis scheme for compound 1. Compound 2 (AF-30) was synthesized in a three-step reaction sequence starting from the bis-oxydecyl-substituted thiophene diacid. Substitution to form the benzothiazole half-product followed by decarboxylation and bromination gave the monobromo derivative. Reaction of the terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-479-3 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 18.104.22.168, on 09 Dec 2019 at 00:22:20, subject to the Cambridge Core monobromo derivative with hexabutylditin in the presence of a palladium catalyst gave compound 2 in a 66% yield (mp 93.9-95.0°C). "NH2 H2 1C100 OC10 H21 SH HO2C/ C02H PPSE, N2 85-135°C H2 1C1 oq OC10 H21 ., -N~ ,( S ~SBu6Sn2 S \/ N Pd(PPh 3)4 H21C10o OC10 H2 1 Dioxane, 1001C 2 H21C100 OC10 H21 K2 00 3 CO 2 Br2 , H2 0


A network operator who wants to provide recovery services to end-users has a range of options from which to choose. There is a fundamental trade off between recovery speed and robustness on one hand and the amount of resource overhead that is consumed by backup paths on the other hand. Several previous studies have examined this trade-off qualitatively and quantitatively. This paper provides a valuable extension to the previous work by considering the behavior of networks that support multiple types of protection schemes. Using simulations, we examined a network that supported both 1+1 and 0:1 recovery and determined the optimal mixture of the two schemes as a function of network load and of various performance metrics such as restorability of failed connections.


Part 1 Preface Chapter 2 Introduction Part 3 I: The Global Problem Chapter 4 The Need for Global Collective Action Chapter 5 The Failing International System Chapter 6 Inadequate Reform Proposals Part 7 II: The Global Solution Chapter 8 The Need for a Global Federal Republic Chapter 9 The United States as Global Government Chapter 10 Expanding the U.S. Chapter 11 Metropolitan Regions as Natural Political Units Chapter 12 Related U.S. Reforms Chapter 13 Culture under a Global Government Part 14 Bibliography Part 15 Index Part 16 About the Author


PURPOSE
This descriptive study was performed to determine the relationship between the paternal participation and psychological resilience of mothers in children with particular mental needs.

DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was conducted with the parents of 120 children who had particular mental needs. Data were collected using psychological resilience scale for adults, and paternal participation scale.

FINDINGS
Mothers' psychological resilience level was high while paternal participation level was moderate, there was a weakly significant relationship between mothers' psychological resilience and paternal participation (r = 0.021; p < 0.01).

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Nurses' knowledge and sensitivity about mentally special needs children and their families should be increased. It should be ensured that families can easily ask questions to the healthcare personnel, receive counseling, and information from nurses with a positive approach.


Do people in relatively free and affluent countries such as the United States, Canada or Germany have responsibilities to try and to improve working conditions and wages of workers in far-off parts of the world who produce items those in the more affluent countries purchase? In recent years the "antisweatshop" movement has gained momentum with arguments that at least some agents in these relatively free and affluent countries do have such responsibilities. They have had rallies and press conferences, staged sit-ins and hunger strikes, all with the aim of convincing consumers, corporate executives, union members, municipal governments, students, and university administrators in the United States or Europe to acknowledge a responsibility with respect to the working conditions of distant workers in other countries, and to take actions to meet such responsibilities.


AbstractThe problem of tension control in metal-strip processing lines is discussed. A tensioncontrolled zone is considered and the relationships between tension change and motor-speed changes are developed. The effects of placing a number of undriven rolls within the controlled zone are discussed and the associated tension-change state equations and transfer functions are derived. Relationships are developed between the order of the system (or the system gain) and the number offree rolls. The steady state and dynamic accuracy of tension controls are discussed and relationships are produced to allow the calculation of tension-loop gain and static- and dynamic-tension errors. The difficulties associated with the definition of tension-loop gain are also described. This quantity is shown to be dependent on the gain of the tension-error amplifier and the drive-system speed regulation.


The Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem for generalized analytic functions in Smirnov classes is under consideration. The domain is supposed simply connected with Lyapunov or Radon boundary without cusps. In the work the special representation for generalized analytic functions of Smirnov classes is built. This representation has independent interest.


The nutritive values of various oils for yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were tested in a feeding trial. Five oils; pollack liver, herring, squid liver, sardine, and skip-jack oils, were used in the pre sent study. Prior to the feeding trials, fatty acids of the oils tested were analyzed. The concentration of (1)3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) with numbers of carbons higher than 20 was more than 20% in squid liver, sardine, and skip-jack oils, and approximately 12% in pollack liver and herring oils. Five test diets, each containing one oil at a 9% level, were prepared using the provisional basal diet reported previously. The effects of test diets containing squid liver, sardine, or skip-jack oils, i.e. those rich in HUFA, on the growth of yellowtail were superior to those of the diets containing pollack liver or herring oils. The feed efficiency of the HUFA-rich diets was also higher. These results show that the dietary HUFA level suitable for the growth of yellowtail is com paratively high. This also suggests that the suitable lipid level for a diet may differ according to the concentration of HUFA in the lipid supplements .


One of the main objectives of accounting systems is to provide investors with relevant information that may be useful in decision making for efficient resource allocation. This paper investigates the value relevance of accounting number in Mauritius through the implementation of six models. Hence, using a sample of all Mauritian firms listed on the SEM-7 for the period 1998-2005, the value relevance of book value, earnings and dividends are analyzed. Through various comparisons, the overall results of the study suggest that the Ohlson model is a better model in explaining share prices. Based on the above findings, the current issues that are hinging the stock market development along with their plausible solutions are subsequently discussed.


Before you add another change expectation for teachers and curriculum planning .... Seek first to understand - 1 What historical expectations have informed practice? - 2 What is the current everyday/everynight work of teacher planning practice? - 3 What implications are there for leaders?


Dy3+ doped Ge-As-S glasses have been investigated for 2.96 mum fiber laser pumped at 1.7 mum. Ge10As25S65 and Ge9As23S68 were determined as core and clad compostion, respectively for fiber drawing. Ge10As25S65 fiber showed ~2 dB/m loss at 1.7 mum.


PURPOSE: A method of making yacon jam by heating yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolius), followed by mixing with Aloe vera, oligosaccharide and sugar is provided. The product can be used as various kinds of foods such as confectionery, bakery, fillings of rice cake(steamed on a layer of pine needles), juices or the like. CONSTITUTION: Yacon as a major ingredient is peeled, heated over high heat and then mixed with Aloe vera, oligosaccharide and sugar as an optional ingredient to give yacon jam. Fructooligosaccharide contained in yacon has a physiological action such as improvement of intestinal bacteria, reduction of serum cholesterol or the like and is a toxicity free sweetening material.


Water pollution is becoming a major concern, because of the increasing numbers and concentrations of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic anthropogenic pollutants in fresh water resources. Many r...


The finite element analysis is applied by exerting displacement constraints on the representative volume element,in order to simulate linear independent component of the bending strain and to the extract internal bending force.The stiffness matrix is computed according to the constitutive relation of the internal forces and the strain.Finally,considering the temperature effect on the elastic constants,the macroscopic equivalent elastic constants are obtained according to the temperature.Meanwhile,the finite element analysis method has been adopted for equivalent on the thermal expansion coefficient of the sandwich plate at different temperatures.The bending responses of the model with and without equivalent are compared at different temperatures;the results show that the error is within 4%,which demonstrates the validity of this method.


The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S) is an array of four imaging airCherenkov telescopes located in the Khomas Highlands of Namibia (23 16' 18" S, 16 30' 1" E, 1835 m above sea level). Construction of H.E.S.S. Phase-1 is complete as of December 2003. Although under construction, H.E.S.S. has been operating since June 2002, with observations using increasing numbers of telescopes as they became available. The good angular resolution and background rejection provided by the stereoscopic technique give H.E.S.S. a low energy threshold (∼100 GeV) and allows the detection of a 1% Crab flux source in ∼25 hours of observation. This sensitivity is unprecedented and has enabled H.E.S.S. to detect numerous new sources of astrophysical gamma-rays. Further details regarding the status and performance of H.E.S.S. are reported here. THE H.E.S.S. DETECTOR The H.E.S.S. detector consists of a system of four identical telescopes arranged in a square of 120 m side. Each individual telescope is an alt-az mount Davies-Cotton reflector with a flat-to-flat width of 13 m, and has a camera mounted at the focal length of 15 m. The total mirror area of each telescope is 107 m2, segmented into 382 individual round (60 cm diameter) front-aluminized glass mirrors. The optics are of good quality resulting in a small point spread function (width<0.1) across the whole field of view. The H.E.S.S. cameras are modular in design and contain all the necessary electronics for operation, triggering, and readout. Each camera contains 960 individual photomultiplier (PMT) pixels subtending 0.16 each, with Winston cone light concentrators. This provides a 5 field of view with a uniform response, and combined with the small angular resolution (<0.1) of H.E.S.S. allows for detailed studies of source morphology and surveys for unknown sources. The trigger electronics divide the camera into overlapping 64 PMT sectors with a trigger requirement that a sector has a minimum number of pixels (3) with a signal above a threshold (5.3) in photoelectrons (PEs) coincident in an effective ∼1.3 ns trigger window. Once a camera has triggered (∼800 Hz), a signal is sent out via an optical fiber to a central trigger system [5] which allows for a multiple telescope coincidence requirement. This multiplicity requirement (2 telescopes) significantly reduces the number of triggers from muons and allows for a lower energy threshold by reducing the overall system rate (∼300 Hz) while maintaining a low system dead time. An online analysis of H.E.S.S. data is also operational and allows for a quick (within ∼1 hour) look at the data to see if a source has been detected, potentially increasing the science yield of the experiment. More details on H.E.S.S. can be found in Bernlöhr et al. [4]; Hofmann [6]; Vincent et al. [8]. H.E.S.S observations are generally taken in 28 minute runs using Wobble mode, where the source direction is positioned ±0.5 in declination relative to the center of the field of view (f.o.v) of the camera. The direction of the offset is alternated in successive scans to reduce systematic effects. Due to the large field of view and uniform response of the H.E.S.S. cameras, use of Wobble mode allows for both on-source observations and simultaneous estimation of the background induced by charged cosmic rays, since the background can be estimated from different regions in the same field of view. This eliminates the need for off-source observations and therefore improves the observational efficiency. The large f.o.v. of H.E.S.S. also allows for improvements in background estimation. A typical method for estimating the background, described in Masterson et al. [7], uses a larger area (∼7x) than the on-source region, thereby reducing the relative statistical error on the background measurement. Before analysis, all H.E.S.S. data must first pass conservative run selection criteria which remove runs for which the sky was not clear and where the telescopes were not operating within specified requirements (e.g., trigger rate stability, more than 95% of the camera pixels operational). EVENT RECONSTRUCTION The analysis of the data passing the run selection criteria proceeds in the following steps: First the images are calibrated [3] and then "cleaned" to remove noise. The image cleaning is done using a two-stage tail-cut procedure which requires a pixel to have a signal greater than 10 PEs and a neighboring pixel to have a signal larger than 5 PEs. Also pixels greater than 5 PEs are included if they have a neighbor greater than 10 PEs. After this image cleaning is performed, the moments of the shower image are parameterized using a Hillas-type analysis. The shower geometry is reconstructed using the intersection of image axes [1] with a typical angular resolution of ∼0.1 and an average accuracy of ∼10 m in the determination of the shower core location. To ensure that the analyzed images are not truncated by the edge of the camera, only images which pass a distance cut requiring the image center of gravity to be less than 2 from the center of the camera are used in the reconstruction. At present, at least two telescopes are each required to exceed a minimum total signal (80 PEs) and pass the distance criteria to ensure that the images are well reconstructed. The energy of observed gamma rays, Efit, is calculated using the mean of the energies estimated for each telescope with a typical event resolution of ∼15%. Each of the individual energy estimates use the image size, impact parameter of the event, and the zenith angle of observation. The energy estimates are based on the results of Monte Carlo gamma-ray simulations. In the determination of energy spectra only events for which the average bias in Efit is less than 10% are used, effectively placing energy threshold on suitable events. This is done to eliminate any systematic effects that might arise because energy estimates for events near the trigger threshold yield, on average, too large an energy. This energy threshold for spectroscopic studies is only slightly higher than the energy threshold of detected gamma-rays discussed later. MRSW -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 P er ce n ta g e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 MC Gammas MC Protons


The paper is based on PSCAD/EMTDC. The basic structure and operation principle of DFIG are analyzed and the mathematical model of DFIG is established, based on which the control system of rotor-side and grid-side converters is set up. The stator flux-oriented vector control is adopted for rotor-side converter. The no-load grid connection is realized before cutting in and control strategy is switched after grid connection successfully. DFIG can meet grid connection condition quickly with the control strategy and is connected to grid with no current shock nearly. The output of active and reactive power can be regulated respectively.


Copyright © 2014 Lippincott W forms of schizophrenia, however, many resistant patients do not respond to it. Several therapeutic strategies have been proposed to potentiate its effectiveness such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Studies on this combination are still limited to isolated case reports or series of small numbers. Treatment is not yet standardized particularly regarding the maintenance ECT (M-ECT). Indeed, the use of this technique in schizophrenia is much less documented than in mood disorders and practice varies from one psychiatrist to another. Through this case report, we try to illustrate the value of combining clozapine and M-ECT in refractory schizophrenia.


I tell you that you are the direct expression of God, right now. And, therefore, you are each the Christ. But you don't believe me, you don't think so. At least, for the most part, as you go through your day, you don't behave like the Christ and you find it very difficult to put into practice the things I have suggested that you bring into play. It's just too easy to slip back into your old habits of thinking, and they seem fully justified. But, the one to whom they seem justified, is not the one I have described as you. It's the orphan, it's the one who feels separated from his Father. It's the one who feels isolated and alone.


Anti-inflammatory activity of a crude extract of Piper magnibaccum (Piperaceae) and of compounds isolated from it was established using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model and an in vitro quantitative lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Five compounds were isolated from P. magnibaccum [β-sitosterol, N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)-tetradecadienamide, linoleic acid, 13-(4′, 5′-dimethoxytridecanoyl)piperidine, and piperine]. The light petroleum extract of the plant exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in both models. N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)-tetradecadienamide showed significant activity, with an IE % value of 70.2 + 5.4 in the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model and 87.2 + 0.11 in the in vitro quantitative lipoxygenase inhibition assay.


Diene-Catalyzed Photodimerization via Excimers (Exciplexes) or Diene Addition to Anthracene and 9-Phenylanthracene

The [4 + 4]-photodimerization of anthracene (1) is not enhanced by 2,4-hexadiene (3) but impeded due to formation of [4 + 2]- (4) and [4 + 4]-adducts (5, 6). 6 and 1 combine to give the bisadduct 7 at room temperature. The selective photolysis of 9-phenylanthracene (8) leads to the anti-[4 + 4]-dimer (9). This can be compared with the [4 + 4]-photodimerization of 9-methylanthracene which affords the anti- and the thermolabile syn-product. 1,3-Dienes such as 1,3-pentadiene (10) or 1,3-cyclohexadiene (13) are not necessary for the formation of 9 but undergo cycloadditions with 8 to yield [4 + 2]- (11, 12, 14), [4 + 4]- (15), and [2 + 2]-adducts (16, 17). The structures of the products are established primarily by high field 1H-NMR spectroscopy.


Trace analysis of human hair has been used for assessing the exposure to toxic trace elements in the environment of an ore-processing plant. The purpose of the investigation is to provide a reference scenario for environmental pollution to determine the effect of future major technical improvements in plant operation.


Abstract  Basal angiosperms contain a wide diversity of floral and growth forms and gave rise to the largest recent angiosperm lineages. As none of the basal angiosperm genomes has been sequenced, examining large bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) inserts remains the main approach to providing a first glimpse of the structure and organization of their genomes. In this study, we sequenced a 126.9‐kbp BAC contig harboring a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (LtuCAD1) in a basal angiosperm species, Liriodendron tulipifera L., an important timber tree species with significant ecological and economic values. A key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, CAD catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of monolignols. We carried out phylogenetic analyses of seven full‐length CAD family genes (LtuCAD1–7) obtained from a comprehensive Liriodendron expressed sequence tag dataset. The phylogenetic tree suggests that LtuCAD1 is the primary CAD gene involved in lignifications as it is the only Liriodendron CAD grouped with the bona fide CADs class. As well as the LtuCAD1, the BAC contig contained fragmented sequences for one integrase, eight hypothetical proteins, two gag‐pol polyproteins, one RNase H family protein, and one chromatin binding protein. Comparative analysis with other angiosperm species suggests that the genomic segment in this BAC has undergone frequent arrangement. This study is our initial step in identifying and understanding lignin biosynthesis genes from basal angiosperm species. Such knowledge can help bridge the information gap between hardwood (angiosperm) and softwood (gymnosperm) species and benefit potential breeding and biotechnology application for enhanced production of biomass and digestibility in L. tulipifera.


Because the real world evolves over time, numerous relations between entities written in presently available texts are already obsolete or will potentially evolve in the future. This study aims at resolving the intricacy in consistently compiling relations extracted from text, and presents a method for identifying constancy and uniqueness of the relations in the context of supervised learning. We exploit massive time-series web texts to induce features on the basis of time-series frequency and linguistic cues. Experimental results confirmed that the time-series frequency distributions contributed much to the recall of constancy identification and the precision of the uniqueness identification.


This paper presents the practical experience of the Brazilian System Operator with the online dynamic security assessment. More specifically, it describes the adopted models, analytical methods and functions, performance, EMS integration, user interface and implementation issues. Examples of situations in which the online security assessment was very useful are also shown.


The subject of this research is presented by the peculiarities of formation of special environment contributing to active rehabilitation of the addicts and their return to society. The study is dedicated to the impact of spatial and object environment of the Orthodox retreats upon those who desire to get free from addictions, and how it becomes an environment for active psychotherapy. The amount of Orthodox rehabilitation centers grows each year, so is the number of addicts who voluntarily choose the retreats for rehabilitation in the ascetic living conditions. The scientific novelty consists in viewing the Orthodox rehabilitation centers as a conceptual environment, encouraging the addicts to recovery. Religious experience of drastic changes in person's life as a result of his functional isolation as an addict, and living in a conceptually arranged environment, creates motivation to recovery. The research offers a review of specialized rehabilitation centers that reproduce the characteristics of Orthodox settlements of secluded type. The nature of design solution, formed as a sacredly important visual text of an Orthodox monastery/settlement, is considered as determining the worldview values and capable of shifting the idea of repentance and further revival in faith, which reveals the semantic constructs of the design [1]. The main conclusions lies in the fact that the impact of architectural environment upon the emotional state and behavior of a person allows considering the practice of Orthodox seclusion productive for overcoming the crisis states of the people defined as a result of chronic alcohol consumption and stimulants.


In this paper, a novel multifunction tent, which has the special properties such as antiinfrared detection, waterproof, ventilate, antiflaming, oilresistant, allweather and so on, has been studied and produced by means of the composite finishing technology. The relative dyes, finishing resins and coating reagents had been selected and the processing technique has been analysed and discussed. It is demonstrated by our research work that the composite finishing technology, by which the multifunctional fabric can be obtained, is feasible and all the technical parameters of the modified fabric can satisfy the applying needs.


In this study, demographics and academic performance measures of undergraduate engineering students were compared with science and non-science majors. This study crossed 9 institutions, spanned 13 years, and examined the pre-factors gender, citizenship, high school GPA, SAT math and verbal scores, as well as several indicators of success in college such as time to graduation, cumulative GPA, number of major changes, semesters to graduation, cumulative semester hours, and average hours/semester. Using multivariate statistical methods, we determined that engineering majors differed significantly from science and non-science majors on several variables.


One of the tests carried out on a transformer after assembly is the lightning impulse test, for assessment of the integrity of its winding insulation. In the case of a fault, it has been well established that the pattern of the fault currents contains a typical signature of the nature and location of the insulation failure involved. This paper describes a new approach using the 'wavelet transforms' to classify the patterns inherent in different fault currents. Whereas conventional frequency-response analysis based techniques fail to identify the time-localization of a particular frequency component in a time-dependent signal, the wavelets are not only localized in frequency, but also in time. The 'time-frequency localization' feature of wavelet transform is employed for pattern classification of impulse fault currents of transformers. Results for simulated models of 3 5 and 7 MVA transformers are presented to illustrate the ability of this approach to classify insulation failures.


Mutations in the tau gene are pathogenic causing autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism-chromosome 17 type (FTDP-17). Some mutations intau exon 10 (E10) and immediately adjacent sequences cause disease by altering E10 splicing. To determine the mechanism of normal E10 splicing regulation and how FTDP-17 mutations alter splicing, mutational analysis of E10 was performed. The results show that E10 contains a complex array of both enhancer and inhibitorcis-acting elements that modulate usage of a weak 5′ splice site. The 5′ end of E10 contains a previously unrecognized multipartite exon splicing enhancer (ESE) composed of an SC35-like binding sequence, a purine-rich sequence, and an AC-rich element. Downstream of this ESE is a purine-rich exon splicing inhibitor. Intronic sequences immediately downstream of E10 also are inhibitory. The results support an alternative model in which I10 inhibitory sequences appear to function as a linear sequence. The cis-elements described are not redundant, and all appear required for normal E10 splicing. Results with double mutations demonstrate that the ESE and the intronic inhibitory element collaborate to regulate splicing. Thus splicing oftau E10 is regulated by a complex set ofcis-acting elements that span nearly the entire exon and also include intronic sequences.


Children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other developmental delays frequently experience deficits in functional communication. Identifying and using suitable communication enhancement and augmentative and alternative communication supports is essential to achievement of positive outcomes for these learners. This article discusses the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), a commonly used and utilitarian AAC system for children and youth who lack sufficient functional communication skills. Particular attention is given to practitioners' use of this promising tool. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS; Frost & Bondy, 1994, 2002) is an icon-based form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). While the system is appropriate for use with a variety of individuals with communication deficits and disorders, it has most commonly been used with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; Magiati & Howlin, 2003; Tincani, Crozier, & Alazetta, 2006). PECS was developed in 1986 by Bondy and Frost and is currently marketed and hosted by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. Since its development, PECS has received considerable attention in peerreviewed literature and has generally been shown to be relatively useful promising practice in promoting functional communication in individuals with moderate to severe disabilities (Flippin, Reszak, & Watson, 2010). Description of PECS Materials One attractive feature of PECS is that it requires relatively few materials, all of which can be created or obtained at relatively low cost (Ogletree, Oren, & Fischer, 2007). As the name implies, a key feature of PECS is the picture cards, which contain pictures, also referred to as icons, that represent objects (e.g., ball, computer, cookie), people (e.g., Mom, Dad), or activities (e.g., hug, draw). The icons can be made using a computer graphics program or actual photographs and should be fastened with Velcro® on the back. This will allow the icons to be stored on a Velcro® communication picture board or book, from which the child will be able to select the icons of appropriate or desired items, people, or activities. Additionally, PECS materials include several sentence stems (e.g., "I HEAR," "I SEE," "I WANT"), which can be combined with icons to form phrases and sentences in later stages of training and should also be affixed to the communication picture board or book with Velcro®. PECS' format has several advantages (Ogletree et. al, 2007; Yoder & Stone, 2006). Because PECS requires few materials, the system can easily travel with the child to multiple locations, thus increasing the potential for training and generalization across multiple settings. Also, icons can easily be created to correspond to items in the user's environment, allowing for specific tailoring to his or Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jennifer Ganz: Texas A&M University, Department of Educational Psychology, 4225 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4225. Email: email@example.com Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2012, 47(2), 176–186 © Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities 176 / Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities-June 2012 her settings or preferences. Finally, the "lowtech" nature of the PECS materials eliminates the issues of technological failure and greatly reduces the probability and cost of the materials being damaged or lost. Credentials and Training for PECS Trainers Official PECS training workshops are offered by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. (http://www.pecsusa.com/training.php), including basic and advanced levels. Basic training is designed for individuals seeking certification as a "PECS Certified Implementer," allowing them to implement the PECS intervention with an assured level of competency. Within two years of attending a basic PECS workshop, the prospective implementer must submit evidence of competency in the areas of: (a) implementation of PECS in each of the six phases, (b) error correction, (c) implementation of PECS during functional activities, (d) writing PECS instructional lessons for clients, (e) data collection within the phases of PECS, and (f) writing summaries of PECS implementation. Practitioners must also pass a written exam covering accurate PECS practice. After passing the exam and demonstrating competency in all six areas, individuals are granted certification, renewable every three years. Advanced PECS implementers may chose to pursue PECS supervisor training through Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. (http:// www.pecsusa.com/training.php). According to the company, this training is reserved for experienced implementers who have not only shown knowledge and skills in implementing PECS properly in all six phases but have also demonstrated the ability to critique PECS instructors in a positive and constructive manner. Individuals who qualify as PECS supervisors may not offer PECS training workshops or other formal training but may advise and critique co-workers who have undergone basic PECS implementation training on best implementation practices for PECS and may offer basic information on PECS to other professionals. Suitability for PECS PECS is designed for people who lack an effective system of functional communication (Frost & Bondy, 2002). It is typically not needed or used by individuals who have high verbal functioning, such as those with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism (Simpson & Myles, 2011). While people with higher functioning variants of ASD, such as Asperger syndrome, have communication and language difficulties, such as understanding metaphors or figures of speech, or have difficulties mastering the social aspects of communication, their communication deficits are usually not severe enough to require PECS or other AAC systems and are most effectively addressed through other types of intervention (Wetherby & Prizant, 2005). Assessing suitability. Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. does not publish an official measure to assess suitability for PECS but broadly states that the system may be useful for individuals who (a) lack a method of functional communication that allows them to adequately express their needs and wants, (b) have trouble making their communication understood by others, (c) have a functional communication system that is not adequate in its ability to convey needs and wants, or (d) lack a communication system that allows spontaneous expressive communication across a variety of settings (http://www.pecsusa.com). It is clear that relatively little is known about student characteristics that make them the best candidates for PECS. However, a recent review of PECS methodology and outcomes by Flippin and colleagues (2010) suggested that children who have relatively poor joint attention (e.g., have difficulty sharing interest in an object with another person) and relatively strong interest and tendencies to search out and explore a variety of objects in their environment but relatively limited motor imitation skills have the best outcomes relative to PECS use. Additionally, existing measures that assess functional communication may be useful when determining an individual's suitability for PECS. These supplemental measures can either be part of a formal, structured evaluation or informal assessments, such as parentor proxy-report checklists. Informal evaluation measures may include the Assessment of Social and Communication Skills for Children with Autism (Quill, Bracken, & Fair, 2000) or Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB–MAPP; Sundberg, 2008). Examples Picture Exchange Communication System / 177 of more formal, complex assessment include the Test of Early Language Development (Hresko, Reid, & Hammill, 1999) and the Brigance Diagnostic Inventory of Early Development (Brigance, 2004). The primary purpose of these measures in relation to PECS is to determine if the child in question would benefit from an AAC system to improve functional communication and should be interpreted with professional judgment, combining assessment results with observation (Flippin et al., 2010; Ogletree, 2008; Ogletree et al., 2007; Yoder & Stone, 2006). As the name implies, PECS is a visual form of AAC. The visual nature of PECS may be beneficial when working with children with ASD, as there is some evidence that people on the autism spectrum may be highly visual learners (Schopler, Mesibov & Hearsey, 1995). Accordingly, visually-based AAC systems are often seen as the most effective and preferred choice when working with individuals with ASD (Mirenda, 2001; National Research Council, 2001). PECS symbols are both concrete and static in nature, appealing to the common preference of individuals with ASD for consistent, explicit objects and ideas (Heflin & Alaimo, 2007; Ogletree, 2008). Most icons have a one-to-one correspondence with an object, person, or activity, thus reducing confusion common to many forms of communication wherein abstract interpretations and variable meanings exist. Furthermore, the icons themselves are consistent in appearance and meaning, further reducing linguistic ambiguity and allowing for recognition instead of recall (Heflin & Alaimo). Considerations regarding multiple disabilities. While the visual nature of PECS presents several advantages relative to use with individuals with ASD, the visual focus of PECS may make it a poor choice for people with both ASD and blindness or severe low vision, unless modifications are made (Lund & Troha, 2008). PECS has been used effectively with a blind clinician through the addition of Braille tags to the picture cards (Charlop, Malmberg, & Berquist, 2008). Of course such a modification with a blind or low vision PECS-user would require that the user read and comprehend Braille. Lund and Troha (2008) investigated the use of PECS with three adolescents with both


Your name may feel unique to you – but chances are that someone, somewhere is called the same thing. Arthur Charpentier and Baptiste Coulmont estimate the proportion of shared identities in large social groups


ORALLY administered isoniazid is converted to various metabolic derivatives in the human body. Isoniazid hydrazones, acetylated isoniazid, isonicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid conjugates, in addition to free unmetabolized isoniazid, have been found in the urine of human subjects given a single oral test dose of isoniazid.1 This metabolic alteration is so extensive in some cases that as little as 1 per cent of a test dose of the drug may be excreted in the urine free and unaltered, and as much as 60 per cent of a dose may be excreted in the acetylated form. Only the free drug, however, . . .


The successful restoration of riparian ecosystems to sustainable conditions requires that we understand the dynamic historical relationships between humans and the environment. Research is needed that measures the continuing effects of past human activities on contemporary ecosystem structure and function. An interdisciplinary approach is needed that incorporates expertise from archaeology, paleoecology, plant ecology, and geology. In this paper, I discuss how prehistoric peoples have altered ecological processes and changed the vegetation and overall physiography of northern New Mexico's Rio del Oso Valley. In the Rio del Oso study, we are using paleobotanical, sedimentary, archaeological, and historical data sets to reconstruct past vegetational structure and function, and to identify the cumulative influences of past human activities on today's ecosystems. This information is used to generate three dimensional simulations of environmental conditions through time. These computer reconstructions and analyses of past landscapes will give land managers a greater range of information for use in planning, decision making, and restoration.


Objective:To study the changes of inferior adjacent segmental after different segmental fixation,and to analyze the accelerating mechanism of the adjacent segment degeneration.Methods:Take 60 sheep lumbar spine specimens(Waist 1 vertebral body S5),With pedicle screws,according to the different fixed section is divided into complete control group(not fixed),L6-7 single segment fixed group,L5-L7 short segmental fixed group,L3-L7 long segmental fixed group.measured biomechanical experiment in the 6Nm torque loading,L7-S1 sacral vertebra clearance were measured in different fixed section.Results:Applied in fixed,beneath the adjacent segment in the stretch direction of angular displacement,intervertebral disc pressure is increased significantly,increase amplitude with fixed range of increasese.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions:After fixing spine in pedicle screws,the longer the segmentation is fixed,the more effect it has on subjacent segment degeneration.


This paper examines the design for quality aspect as not any static one time activity but a dynamic reality for the organisations. Authors developed and implemented a benchmarking tool for measuring quality design effectiveness by field survey. Even if mature, established and reputed organisations are time-tested for producing quality products, various index parameters were found where one company could prioritise their design improvement initiatives. This paper takes the design for quality issue beyond the predominantly static product prelaunch act to a continual dynamic endeavour of on-going nature, which was not addressed this way in prior literatures. Limitations exist both in its scale and scope, which require further research for establishing cross-case patterns. An implication will be to expand the ambit of field data from across the various other sectors towards building a consensus on dynamic design for quality management as a cornerstone for the general innovation structure management of the organisations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We studied the effective design of a head structure to realize a practical optical flying head (OFH) for near-field recording (NFR) with both high optical performance and reasonable tolerance in assembly. In the design of the OFH, several major issues such as productivity, performance and reliability were considered. In order to realize a stable and reliable OFH with high performance, we designed a slider structure, air bearing surface (ABS), coil for magneto optical (MO) recording, main optical pickup unit (OPU), suspension and gimbal structure, disk media for good head-disk interface, and so forth. With a view to the reliability of OFH, durability and flying stability for various plastic disks as well as on a conventional glass disk were investigated. Also with a view to the practical applicability, we proposed two OFH designs with simple and effective slider structures, namely a slot slider and a barrel slider. In addition, basic flying characteristics and optical performance of the OFH mounted with high NA optics were tested and evaluated. Attempts have been made to develop engineering plastic and polycarbonate disks as well as glass as disk media for NFR application. The durability of developed disks was examined and compared with the aim of their practical application.


The article examines the demographic situation and the resettlement of baptized tatars (kryashens) Kazan province according to state census 1761-1765, on the basis of statistics showing the placement of particular settlements in the territory, historical geography of settlements. The paper analyzed in detail the position and the number of ethnic and re-ligious groups kryashens newly baptized and starokreschenyh tatars, their resettlement in the framework of the admi-nistrative-territorial division of the Kazan province in 1775. Special attention is given to groups baptized тatars, in the mate-rials revision specified with other ethnic status. The study attempted to examine the phenomena assimilation other ethnic communities and the formation of their identity kryashen. The work aims to identify a complete picture of the placement of the baptized tatars in the Middle Volga region in the second third of the XVIII century. Necessary for a comprehensive study of the dynamics of ethno-social development of the members of this religious group of the tatar people.


Muliferroic spherical nanoparticle configurations consisting of magnetostrictive core encapsulated in piezoelectric shell have been studied. The particles were simulated in a test configuration with help of the HFSS 13.0 (by Ansoft). An external magnetic field H0 was applied, which determines the apparition of dipolar electric fields of tens of milivolts around nanoparticle structures, used for tuning and control of different microstructures, at molecular level and in spintronics. The nanoparticle compounds are: an A2BB'O6 double perovskite with large piezoelectric coefficients and a MeFe2O4 spinel or a AFe12O19 M-type hexagonal ferrite with large magnetostriction, resulting in nanoparticle configurations with large magnetoeletric (ME) effect. The strength of the ME effect is also increased by the effect of the closed-packed shape of the spherical core-shell configuration. Different magnetic phases (spinel versus hexaferrite) were considered, in order to determine their influence in the interaction process with the applied magnetic field. The diameter of the piezoelectric shell did not exceeded 300 nm, starting from about 50 nm. The components of the magnetoelectric coefficient tensor and the effective electric and magnetic susceptibilities have been determined by simulation in microwave range (2 - 8 GHz for spinel compounds, respectively 12 - 28 GHz for hexaferrite compounds), for different magnetic fields applied for control (0 - 400 Oe), fields depending on particles size. The tensor components depend on the physical properties of the constituents and also on the constituents geometry and relative position. Nanoparticle configurations geometry and the applied H0 field were modified in order to obtain a convenient variation and control of the compound susceptibilities. Graphs are available for choosing the optimal configuration and parameter values for a specific application.


Inhibition of nitrification in the presence of low oxygen concentrations (below 1.2 mg/L) and temperature dependency at oxygen saturation levels were observed in an aerated treatment pond system with biofilm promoting mats in two parallel ponds for remediation of ammonium, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and benzene‐contaminated groundwater. Within the first 18 months, at an average oxygen concentration of 0.7 ± 0.5 mg/L along the ponds, no significant decrease of ammonium or significant formation of nitrification products were observed. After increasing the aeration to oxygen saturation levels, the ammonium removal increased up to a maximum of 27%, with concomitant formation of nitrite and nitrate (up to 26 and 0.6 mM). The subsequent reduction of aeration in one pond to the previous level resulted in a definitive stop of nitrification, while, in the other pond, nitrification was well‐correlated with the water temperature, reaching up to 45% ammonium removal.


The concept of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is that electric vehicles (EVs) communicate with the smart grid to sell demand response services by delivering electricity into the grid. By letting EVs discharge during peak hours and charge during off-peak hours, V2G networks could bring numerous social and technical benefits to the smart grid. Due to the scale of the network, the speed of the vehicles, their geographic positions, and the very sporadic connectivity between them, V2G communications have the crucial requirements of fast authentication. In 2011, Guo et al. proposed a unique batch authentication protocol for V2G communications. There are three parties in V2G communications, including an aggregator, a smart grid control centre, and individual EVs. The proposed idea is that instead of verifying each packet for each vehicle, the aggregator verifies the received batch of packets with only one signature verification. They used DSA signature for the batch authentication and claimed their protocol is strong enough to defend against security attacks. In this paper, we investigate the security of Guo et al.'s protocol. More precisely, we show that any attackers can easily forge signatures satisfying the batch verification criterion without the knowledge of the signer's private key. To remedy the security flaw of Guo et al.'s protocol, we proposed a simple and secure improvement of Guo et al.'s protocol. The key point of the improved protocol is that we make multiple signatures in order. The attacker or the dishonest signer cannot transpose these digital signatures such that the aggregator passes the validation of the batch verifying multiple digital signatures. Based on Guo et al.'s protocol, the security of our proposed protocol is the same as that of their protocol except that our improved protocol has no security flaw of their protocol. Therefore, the improved protocol is secure to detect forged multiple signatures.


calibre. Blood from above the block, however, would represent that circulating through the rest of the body. At operation on complete arterial blocks, therefore, blood was aspirated from above and from below them, and haematocrits of these samples were obtained. Table Z shows that in two-thirds of the 12 consecutive patients investigated there is a fall in the haematocrit distal to the arterial block.


The frequency dependences of both proton NMR T 1 and ESR linewidth in polyaniline give evidence for quasi-1D spin diffusion. The on-chain diffusion rate, D || , is independent of the protonation level, while the transverse diffusion, D , exhibits a sudden drop at the percolation threshold. This behavior confirms the conducting-island picture, but it is concluded that a given conducting island consists of just a single conducting chain. The room-temperature data show a strong correlation between spin dynamics and transport properties, and suggest that conductivity is governed by interchain hoppings


The author analyzes the rise of the Islamist movement in Turkey and the bases of its popular support through four successive Islamist political parties-National Order, National Salvation, Welfare, and Virtue-which have tried to represent the Islamist cause. The author shows that, aside from the factor of religion itself, much of the party's appeal is based on specific socio-economic groups and regional factors, as well as strains arising from modernization. For a discussion of the evolution of Turkish party system and voting behavior see Ersin Kalaycioglu, "The Logic of Contemporary Turkish Politics," MERIA Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3 (September, 1997) By Nilufer Narli.


In our paper, few layered MoS 2 nanoflakes were exfoliated from the bulk powder in mixed solvent using a simple sonication assisted liquid exfoliation technique at room temperature. The successful exfoliation of the nanoflakes was characterized using various characterization tools like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The humidity sensor was fabricated by drop-casting MoS 2 nanoflakes on Pt-based Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs). The sensing was carried out in an in-house gas test setup interfaced with a Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) to record the measurements. The response of the sensor was studied by passing different levels of humidity through the gas chamber. The response was found to increase with increase in humidity level and was better than few recently reported results. The maximum response was found to be ~16 times at 75% RH. Since water is an electron donor and MoS 2 is inherently n -type semiconductor, the conductivity of the MoS 2 sensing layer increased in presence of humidity. The large surface to volume ratio and presence of inherent defects facilitated the adsorption and desorption of a large number of H 2 O molecules. The response time and recovery time of the sensor was 65 seconds and 72 seconds respectively. Thus we conclude that our MoS 2 based humidity sensor with a maximum response of 16 times (75% RH) can act as a low power, highly sensitive and fast humidity sensor in various applications like indoor air quality monitoring, agriculture, semiconductor industry etc. Copyright © 2016 VBRI Press


In 1856, Hamiltonian introduced the Hamiltonian Graph where a Graph which is covered all the vertices without repetition and end with starting vertex. In this paper I would like to prove that Relation between Complete Hamiltonian Graph and Pan-Cyclic Graphs


Abstract : The report describes the initial phase of a study of coordination and integration of career education in the military with the national career education effort. The study was undertaken in recognition of the potential significance of the military as a career education resource in society, and in recognition of the need to develop a concept of career education in the military that is consonant with national concepts. This first study phase examined the career development experiences of avionics (aviation electronics) technicians in each of the service branches. Detailed information on career progression, job functions, and employment requirements for four comparable civilian occupations was assembled. Career development in each of the service branches over approximately 20 years is compared to each of four civilian occupations. The results of these comparisons are discussed. (Modified author abstract) Portions of this document are not fully legible.


In a process, which is analogous to that catalysed by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase, nickel peroxide cleaves N-benzoylamino acid methyl esters to give benzamide, with a selectivity for reaction of the glycine derivative.


In a pixelated 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray imaging detector, 2-pixel side-neighbor events make up about 50 percent of 2-pixel events. These side-neighbor events can originate from either Compton scattering or charge sharing. Distinguishing between these two categories of events will be of interest for advanced data processing, such as event classification or improvement for Compton imaging efficiency. A digitizer UM_VAD ASIC developed in collaboration with Gamma-Medica IDEAS has been used for pixelated 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detectors. Because this ASIC digitizes pulse waveforms outputted by the preamplifier, it has achieved better depth separation uncertainty, about 0.3mm compared to Imm FWHM from the GMI VAS 2.3/TAT4 ASIC. It is also possible to use the signals from the pixels neighboring the collecting pixel to determine the subpixel position of an electron cloud interaction. This work focuses on the development of a method to distinguish between 2-pixel side-neighbor events caused by Compton scattering and those caused by charge-sharing. The sub-pixel position information is used in addition to the depth separation of the two interactions to provide better discrimination capability. The experimental results and the algorithm have been verified through Geant4 simulations.


A new formula of the spectral linewidth of external cavity semiconductor lasers is proposed, with which linewidth narrowing with the optical feedback is discussed. It is shown that in the limit of large external cavity length, the linewidth caused by the phase diffusion due to spontaneously emitted photons becomes dominant and the linewidth decreases proportionally to the inverse of the external cavity length.


Research suggests that physical education (PE) teachers can play a crucial role in the promotion of students' physical activity. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study investigated how students' perceptions of PE teachers (de-)motivating style relate to students' device-based physical activity levels during PE. Moreover, it was examined whether students' motivation plays an intervening role in this relation and whether students' physical activity differs according to their gender and lesson topic. A sample of 302 secondary school students aged between 11 and 16 years (M = 13.05, SD = 1.04) completed a questionnaire assessing their perceptions of teachers' (de-)motivating style and their personal motivation toward PE. Students also wore ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers during the PE lesson. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that the teachers' motivating style had a significant positive relation with students' autonomous motivation, both at the student level and the class level, and teachers' controlling style had a significant positive relation with students' controlled motivation and amotivation at both levels. However, in terms of students' physical activity levels, students' gender, the lesson topic, and teachers' controlling style seemed to be more decisive than students' motivation and teachers' motivating style.


Objective To construct and identify the RNAi eukaryotic vector of Skp2 gene and to observe its interfering effect on the growth of SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells.Methods The specific shRNA sequence was designed and synthesized according to the Skp2 cDNA sequence in GenBank.The sequence was cloned into plasmid pGenesil-1.Then recombinant vector was transfected into SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells by Lipofectamine 2000.The expressions of Skp2 mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR and the levels of Skp2 protein were detected by Western blot.The cell growth suppression was analyzed by MTT assay.Distribution of cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.Results The sequence of template and specific siRNA was correct by sequence analysis.Obvious decrease was observed in the levels of Skp2 mRNA and Skp2 protein after Skp2 shRNA transfection(P0.05).The subcloned recombinant plasmid expressing Skp2 shRNA effectively inhibited lung cancer cell growth,while empty plasmid had no such specific effect(P0.05),induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase with a significant decrease of cells in S phase(P0.05).Conclusion The successful construction of Skp2 shRNA vector,which could effectively abate the expression of Skp2 and inhibit the growth of SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells,laid the foundation for further study on the function of Skp2 gene and gene therapy of lung cancer.


Objective Dexmedetomidine(DEX) is α2 agonist currently being investigated for its application in anesthesia for children. Pharmacodynamic responses to DEX and propofol in children anesthetized undergoing cardiac catheterization were compared. Methods Forty children( 22 kg~67 kg months old, 11 kg~28 kg) were randomized to receive either propofol (group P) or DEX (group D) for anesthesia maintenance for elective cardiac catheterization. All patients received ketamine 2 mg/kg, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.05 mg/kg intravenously after arriving at the cardiac catheterization room. DEX was administered at an initial loading dose (0.8 g/kg for 10 min) followed by a continuous infusion (1 μg·kg-1·h-1) in group D. Propofol was administered at a bolus dose (1.5 mg·kg-1h-1 for 10 min) followed by a continuous infusion(3 mg·kg-1·h-1). The infusion rates of DEX or propofol were adjusted to maintain BIS 55 to 65 during the operation. Vital signs, PETCO2 and supplemental sedatives were monitored and documented. Results Heart rate was significantly slower in group D (117±10) bpm than in group P (126±9) bpm 40 min after DEX or propofol administration (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PETCO2 between two groups. Requirement of supplemental sedatives was less in group D than in group P (12 cases) (P<0.05). Conclusion DEX provides adequate anesthesia for cardiac catheterization. Compared with propofol, DEX led to lower heart rate and less agitation after catheterization.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine;  Propofol;  Congenital heart disease;  Anesthesia;  Cardiac catheterization


Using Grandey's model of emotional labor, this study attempted to reveal the effects of cultural and social factors on teachers' emotions. Specifically, taking a sample of 3312 Chinese teachers, we examined the effects of power distance (PD) and emotional labor on emotional exhaustion, focusing on the mediating role of emotional labor with different interactive partners. The results showed that Chinese teachers used surface acting (SA) the most with parents, and the least with students; they used the expression of naturally felt emotions (ENFE) the most with students, and the least with colleagues and leaders. They also used deep acting more when working with students and parents. In addition, PD negatively influenced ENFE and positively influenced SA with the three interactive partners. Only SA mediated the relationship between PD and exhaustion. These results improve our understanding of teachers' emotions in terms of power and suggest that we should consider personal psychological factors (i.e., emotional labor), social factors (i.e., interactive partners), and national culture (i.e., PD) to promote teachers' well-being.


Taking the water supply network system in mine yard as research object, this paper analyzes the characteristics of water supply network system, and designs the network supervision system based on GPRS.


THE INVENTION REGARDING THE GLASS MAKING. BY PROCESS, ON INTRODUCED TO AN END OF A FOUR A MIXTURE OF MINERAL POWDER ON SUCH HOT MIX AND ON RELEASING IN CONTINUING THE OTHER END OF THE OVEN AND GOT BLOWN GLASS. HEATING mIXTURE IS AT WITH AT LEAST ONE FLAME AERO-FUEL AND AT LEAST OXY FLAME COMBUSTIBLE. ON INJECTED IN FOUR CURRENT GAS CONCENTRIC AUXILIARY AND SURROUNDING A FLAME OXY-FUEL.


Nowadays as online transaction are becoming very common, a numerous number of attacks are been designed each day. Among them, phishing is the most popular attack. Phishing is a technique of hosting fake website in an attempt to get personal confidential information such as passwords, credit card information from unsuspecting victims for identity theft, financial gain and other fraudulent activities. As the phishing is becoming a serious threat for the online transaction. I present a preventive mechanism to overcome the phishing by the use of biometric along with the combination of visual cryptography. Image captcha along with the OTP helps us identify the fake website. This approach also authenticates the user. Biometric authentication systems are used to authenticate users. The use of steganography preserves the whole of integrity.


The purpose of this study is to analyze students' mistakes in solving problems in the material number patterns. In this study, researchers used a quantitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through several stages, namely: Observation and Test. Researchers used the test in the form of essay questions as many as 4 items related to material number patterns by emphasizing the students' mathematical communication skills. Where the indicator of the problem is students are able to express opinions and state the situation there are questions number 1 parts a and b, state the situation, pictures, diagrams, or real objects into language, symbols, ideas or models number 2 parts c and d. From the indicators above the researcher determines the assessment instrument, where the researcher uses the guidelines Research methods based on the philosophy of postpositivist, this method is used to examine the condition of natural objects such as student communication skills, as a research instrument this sampling uses categories with levels of student mathematical communication skills, then selected 3 levels of student abilities are: high, medium, and low ability with the provisions of low <40, medium 40-70 and high> 70. The researcher can conclude that know the percentage of the average student answer error in each question is 48, 3% in problem 1a and get the same result in Problem 1b is 48.3%, then the lowest result in Problem 2c is 13.3% and Problem 2d is 26.6%, it can be concluded that the average error of students in answering the whole essay item is 34% or it can be said to be low where the students' mistakes in me solve the material number essay problem.


A variational ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability code is used to compute the toroidicity‐induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) for toroidal mode number n=1 in full toroidal geometry with circular cross section. At finite aspect ratio, toroidicity also couples poloidal mode numbers m with m+2 to produce a higher frequency gap in the shear Alfven spectrum, which is associated with a new, second‐order TAE mode. It is also found that toroidal coupling between the TAE modes and continuum branches induces splitting of the TAE modes into two or more global modes at slightly different frequencies. Both the new modes and splitting of the TAE modes have important consequences for the identification of TAE modes in experiments.


Abstract : The characteristics of the bidirectional reflectometer designed, constructed, and operated in the Department of Aeronautics, USAF Academy are described and discussed. The reflectometer is shown to be an adequate device for studying reflectance of thermal radiation from prepared engineering surfaces. Data obtained from two samples of stainless steel 304 is presented.


An ACP broadsheet (No 140) analyses the diagnostic value of currently available sampling procedures in pulmonary cytopathology.' The diagnostic accuracy of sputum, brushings, and transbronchial or percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology is well described, and is in accordance with other recent reviews.2 However, we do not agree with the comments of Dr Young on the poor diagnostic value of bronchial aspirate examination in assessing lung pathology, and we report our current experience in this field. In the few published series the diagnostic value of bronchial aspirate cytopathology in detecting lung cancer is very high. In a recent study of 100 cases with necropsy confirmation, its diagnostic accuracy reached 80%. The accuracy rate was of 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% in large cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and small cell carcinomas, respectively.3 To our knowledge, other reports focusing on this technique are rare. Large series had been reported before the introduction of the flexible bronchoscope: Koss et al reviewed 560 patients with primary bronchial carcinomas in which 288 (40 7%) bronchial aspirate examinations were positive; only 117 (20 9%) biopsy specimens showed evidence of carcinoma.4 In 1975 Atay and Brandt reported a sensitivity of 79% in centrally located tumours, and of 45% in peripheral tumours (885 patients).' In 1979 Payne et al reported that the diagnostic accuracy of bronchial aspirate examination was only 46% (50 of 109 primary bronchial cancers), but accurate recognition of histological type was achieved in 42 out of 50 (84%) cases. Accurate typing was obtained in 49 out of 61 (80%) cases by bronchial biopsy.6 We analysed the combined results of bronchial aspirate examination and biopsy in 875 patients (654 men, 221 women, mean (SD) age 65-03 (14-07) years) demonstrating various clinical and radio-


Keywords: spectral gaps ; existence ; bifurcation ; unbounded ; selfadjoint operator ; real Hilbert space ; bounded ; selfadjoint operators ; bound states ; nonlinear ; Schrodinger equations ; homoclinic solutions ; Hamiltonian systems Reference ANA-ARTICLE-1995-001 Record created on 2008-12-10, modified on 2016-08-08


Our earlier calculations of 1976-77 and their later extensions are reviewed to show that the reactions used in the recent synthesis of the Z=110 element with masses A=269 and 271 at GSI had been previously proposed by Gupta et al. (1977) on the basis of quantum mechanical fragmentation theory. This theory assumed a cold fusion process which has been observed to be the case in these recent experiments. New calculations are presented for a neutron-rich isotope 276110 of Z=110 and a predicted element Z=112 with mass A=286. Target-projectile combinations for both the cold and relatively excited compound systems are discussed.


A homologous series of side-chain liquid crystalline (SCLC) poly{[N-[10-((4-(((4'-n-hexyloxy)benzoyl)oxy)phenoxy)-carbonyl)-n-decyl]maleimide]-co-[N-(n-octadecyl)maleimide]} [(ME6)-co-(MI-18)] random copolymers with various MI-18 contents have been synthesized and their properties studied. The high content in threo-disyndiotactic sequences of the maleimide main chain seems responsible for the stability of the highly ordered smectic mesophase. The relationship between structure and composition on thermotropic mesophase was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. For copolymers with mesogenic unit contents less than ~0.655 molar fraction the transition from (S A ) texture to isotropic (/) is maintained, as shown by the T Cl , ΔH Cl and ΔS Cl , amounts and intermolecular spacing 4.42-4.53 A and intralayer correlation lengths of 44.2-45.2 A. The layer thickness does not appreciably depend on copolymer composition. However, copolymers with non-mesogenic comonomer MI-18 molar contents larger than >0.655 molar fraction X(M), are no longer liquid crystalline materials, despite its packing is preserved without any detectable appearance of birefringence. Thermodynamic boundaries of the liquid crystalline state have been established through a phase diagram. The properties of this n-hexyloxy pendant group-based series are compared to those of the analogous materials containing methoxy pendant groups (ME1). and differences are accounted for in terms of the local side-chain packing within the mesophase.


The cut method demonstrates its usefulness especially for the topological indices that are based on the distances in the molecular graphs without actually calculating the distances between pairs of vertices. The Wiener index is equal to the sum of distances between all pairs of vertices of the connected graph G, whereas the Edge-Wiener index is the sum of distances between all pairs of edges of the connected graph G. In this paper we calculate the Edge-Wiener indices of Circum-polyacenes, Circum-pyrenes and Circum-trizenes. MSC: 05C12, 05C90, 05C76.


This research study was conducted to determine the effects of the different factors on the performance of TIP Mechanical Engineering graduates from year 2004 to year 2007. Five factors were included in the study namely (1) School (2) In-house Review Program (3) Review School Attended (4) Peers and Review Mates and (5) Individual/Personal Skills. The respondents were divided into two groups: passers and non-passers. A total of sixty (60) respondents were included in the study. Thirty (30) respondents came from each group. A Likert's scale was used to determine the effect of the five factors in the performance of the respondents in the Mechanical Engineering Licensure examination. Among the five factors that affected the performance of the respondents who successfully passed the licensure examination, the review school attended got the highest mean of 4.74 with a verbal interpretation of very strongly agree followed by their individual/personal skills with a mean of 4.64 also interpreted as very strongly agree. The peers/review mates had the lowest mean of 3.69 as strongly agree followed by the school with a mean of 3.97 also as strongly agree. The in-house review program had a mean of 4.31 as strongly agree. The overall mean of the thirty respondents for all the five factors was 4.27 as strongly agree. For the respondents who failed the licensure examination, the review school attended got the highest mean of 3.79 with a verbal interpretation of strongly agree followed by the school with a mean of 3.46 as agree. The peers and review mates had the lowest mean of only 2.89 as agree followed by their individual / personal skills with a mean of 3.14 as agree. The in-house review program got a mean of 3.29 as agree. The over-all mean of the thirty respondents for all five factors was 3.31 with a verbal interpretation of agree. Using the ANOVA, the following factors such as in-house review program, review school attended, and individual / personal skills had all their five items showed significant difference in the performance of the sixty (60) respondents who successfully passed the licensure examination: Only one item each of these factors such as school and peers and review mates had no significant difference in the performance of all the respondents in the licensure examination. Findings revealed that TIP ME faculty members are competitive and have good teaching skills and strategies. Based on the result of the study, the performance of TIP ME graduates from year 2004 to 2005 was significantly affected by their perspective in the in-house review program, review school attended and individual / personal skills.


At a time when the issue of intellectual property dominates the Internet, the struggle for control of the digital universe is increasingly known (...)


Reallocation of storage may increase a reservoir's capability to satisfy municipal and industrial water-supply demands. The reallocation, however, simultaneously may decrease the reservoir's capability to satisfy competing demands. I developed a PC-based reservoir-operation simulator to provide information about such trade-offs. The simulator accounts for: (1) Gain and loss of water in the reservoir; (2) gain and loss of water between the reservoir and a downstream demand point; and (3) loss of water at the downstream point. The user controls the sequence of data preparation and simulation with a set of menus. The user "fills in the blanks" in data-entry screens to define system characteristics, storage allocation, and hydrologic inputs. I designed the output specifically for the PC, and included the capability to write files that may be read by spreadsheet and graphical-display programs. This state-of-the-art interface expedites the edit-simulate-evaluate cycle, permitting the civil engineer to search for solutions to water-use problems, rather than for solutions to computer-use problems.


Objective: To evaluate correlation between the levels of vitamin D and male infertility as well as to determine the efficacy of vitamin D in improving the male fertility by up-regulating the levels of testosterone and spermatogenesis. Methods: In the present study, 130 male patients (aged 25-70 years) having fertility defects were screened and 145 healthy individuals were taken as control. All human subjects were screened for 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostane-F2α, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, vitamin D, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterones, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and nitric oxide. Results: The screening analysis revealed that the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone were lower in male infertile subjects compared to healthy subjects. Similarly, the levels of vitamin D [(17.17 ± 2.30) ng/mL] and calcium[(6.29 ± 0.31) mg/dL] were significantly lower in infertile groups compared to the normal healthy groups. Moreover, the study revealed that the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to the infertile subjects. Conclusions: Vitamin D exhibits strong relevance to male fertility by maintaining the levels of sex hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone), up-regulating the antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and down-regulating the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase species).


Sharpening the image of the road display requies a degree of brightness in the process of sharpening the image from the original image result of the improved image. One of the sharpening of the street view image is image processing. Image processing is one of the multimedia components that plays an important role as a form of visual information. There are many image processing methods that are used in sharpening the image of street views, one of them is the gram schmidt spectral sharpening method and high pass filtering. Gram schmidt spectral sharpening method is method that has another name for intensity modulation based on a refinement fillter. While the high pass filtering method is a filter process that btakes image with high intensity gradients and low intensity difference that will be reduced or discarded. Researce result show that the gram schmidt spectral sharpening method and high pass filtering can be implemented properly so that the sharpening of the street view image can be guaranteed sharpening by making changes frome the original image to the image using the gram schmidt spectral sharpening method and high pass filtering. Keywords : Image processing, gram schmidt spectral sharpening and high pass filtering.


This work was carried out at the Antioquia Training Centre, with sixth grade students, where the experiences experienced during professional practice were systematized. The question answered was: how do the sixth grade students of the CEFA understand the concepts of area and perimeter ,using the classroom workshop methodology?
This project aimed to enable and analyze the understanding of the concepts area and perimeter in the sixth grade students of the training center of Antioquia through the methodology Classroom Workshop, to fulfil this objective was taken into account the methodology Previously mentioned, the systematization of experiences developed in the
classroom as a research method, with the narration of the lived process and the theory of the conceptual fields of Gerard Vergnaud.
At the end of the experience it was observed that by addressing the area and perimeter concepts through the Classroom workshop methodology, the students managed to approach the understanding of these, identifying the corresponding units of measure for each magnitude, plus The recognition of differences, patterns and regularities between the concepts emerges.


Many voices sing in today's career education choir under Uncle Sam's direction. Hoyt ably summarized this federal role in career education for us in his article &dquo;Federal and State Participation in Career Education : Past, Present, and Future&dquo;. The fifty states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Territories gradually joined harmoniously with the federal career education melody. You have just heard twenty-three of these state-like voices. As Hoyt noted in his article, these voices consensually follow the federal concept in career education which allows for the statesrights principle in education. Harmony, therefore, sounds in our concert because of the discipline of freely-elected conceptual consensus while health, beauty, and strength swells in the choir's voices because of autonomy in the state implementation style. We have so far let you hear the All-State Choir in career education sing a score of our arrangement and conducted by Uncle Sam. But jazz is always interesting in a concert: the theme remains, but variations


Describes a new method of determination of the complex dielectric constant in the infrared for highly reflecting metals, which takes advantage of the excitation of surface plasmon waves at the metal/air interface. The authors present and discuss the results obtained by this method for Pd, on carefully characterised evaporated films, and the new features which show up in the absorption spectrum.


Steam flooding is one of the major methods for producing heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield. In recent years, H_2S has been detected in many steam flooding blocks, with H_2S concentration up to 4.49% in some wells. Through source investigation, field monitoring, geochemical test and modeling study, it is thought that there are 2 main ways of generating H_2S in heavy oil thermal recovery blocks, i.e. thermal decomposition of sulfur matter and thermal reduction reaction between sulfate and hydrocarbons. These 2 ways are controlled by many factors like thermal recovery time, method and temperature. H_2S will exist for a long time in the steam flooding process in Liaohe Oilfield, but the concentration will not be higher.