EARLY in the morning on December 20, 1977, high-velocity winds centered around Arvin, a town at the southern extreme of the San Joaquin Valley near Bakersfield, in Kern County, California, bore aloft soil containing arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis. Dispersion of this soil by peculiar wind conditions resulted in an epidemic of coccidioidomycosis in an area encompassing approximately 87,000 km2, an area larger than the state of Maine. We report the morbidity, mortality and cost of the epidemic in Sacramento County, an area of 2797 km2 at the northern limit of the San Joaquin Valley, which is normally an . . .


A Cs-symmetric, rigid, achiral organophosphoric acid host with differentiable tautomeric structures has been developed for induced circular dichroism (ICD) studies of vicinal amino alcohols. The structural features of the host and the substituent bulkiness of the guest, together, decide the preferred mode of hydrogen binding on equilibration with a resultant ICD signal. An unequivocal rule correlating the absolute configuration of the guest amino alcohol with the ICD outcome is proposed.


Objective: To describe a multidisciplinary primary healthcare clinic for newly arrived humanitarian entrants in regional New South Wales and report health problems and issues encountered during the initial period of operation.


Introduction People presenting to hospital in a crisis of mental ill-health usually present via Emergency Departments, and are often admitted for brief interventions. Unlike drug treatments, the evidence base for brief non-pharmacological interventions has not been systematically evaluated. Objectives 1. To describe brief non-pharmacological interventions used in Emergency Departments and inpatient psychiatric units, for those in a crisis of mental ill-health, and evaluate the study types and outcome measures used to evaluate them; 2. To conduct a systematic review of this evidence Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, DARE, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and relevant government and non-government organisation websites for peer reviewed journal articles, including both qualitative and quantitative articles. Interventions were sorted into Categories and Types to manage heterogeneity. Results We found 47 studies. Interventions were highly varied, and we created a taxonomy to understand this heterogeneity. Most studies were quasi-experimental trials (n=26; 55%) or qualitative studies (n=13; 27%) and only 8 RCTs (17%). Twelve were high quality (26%). Interventions were mostly found to have no effect on measured outcomes, though outcome measures may not have been best suited to expected domains of change.There was a broad range of outcome foci reflecting inconsistency in goals of interventions. No interventions were found to reduce the incidence of self-harm on the inpatient ward. One study suggests that inpatient safety planning may reduce readmission rates. Aggression-related outcomes for inpatient sensory modulation rooms were equivocal. Brief admissions with psychotherapy may reduce suicide attempt repetition and re-hospitalization, whereas brief admissions without psychotherapy may improve function but not re-hospitalization rates. Face-to-face psychoeducation for panic in the ED was associated with a reduction in ED presentation rates, but brochure-only psychoeducation may increase ED presentation rates. Conclusions This review found little evidence to guide much of what clinicians do for people in crisis in hospital. There is a need to develop a framework for brief non-pharmacological interventions, address the quality and size of studies, and identify consistent outcome measures for non-pharmacological interventions. The data is insufficient to make clear recommendations for appropriate brief non-pharmacological interventions for people in crisis in Emergency Departments and Psychiatric Inpatient Units. Multiple promising interventions are available for further study, however there is a dearth of research and more rigorous testing is needed. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


With the method of documentary review,this article analyzes the injury of Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL) among the skiers participating in alpine skiing.The contents involve the anatomy and function of ACL,the mechanisms of the trauma,risk factors promoting the trauma and the prevention and treatment to it,so as to provide evidences to prevent and treat this kind of injury in our country.


The objective of this paper is to analyze the resistance factors experienced by employees of an electronics manufacturing plant located in the region of Campinas (SP), following the implementation of an information technology (IT) project. The substantive contribution to literature that this paper offers consists of the description of relationships among resistance


Purpose

Using firm-level data from small- to micro-sized agro-based enterprises located in developing Africa, the purpose of this paper is to employ a resource-based marketing model to explain financial and nonfinancial organizational performance outcomes. The moderating effect of firm size on the structural inter-linkages between customer retention orientation, eBrand promotion and the organizational performance outcomes is also explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares path modeling approach was the analytical method for data analysis purposes.

Findings

The data support the assumption that marketing resources as well as the moderating influence of firm size play a strong role on the agro-based enterprise performance.

Originality/value

This study widens the context of inquiry on agro-based enterprise performance to include developing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The value of the paper rests in its intent to offer small- to micro-sized agro-based businesses in emerging markets more practical ways to enhance their performance.


In the context of collaborative networks, networked inter-organizational information systems (IOIS) play a major role by providing a shared virtual space for the informal exchange of semi-structured or unstructured knowledge. Since IT support is seen as crucial for the whole network endeavor, the perspective of system acceptance becomes important. However, discussing IS adoption at the interorganizational level brings trust into the story. Building upon socio-technical theory, this study seeks to understand the role of two dimensions of trust in the acceptance of networked IOIS. A theoretical model is developed and subsequently tested with a sample of 121 German network organizations. Network trust reveals to be important for the perceived usefulness of the system, as the main benefit comes from members' participation. Trust in technology shows to be an even more relevant determinant for the attitude towards the system. We suggest that future adoption studies should pay more attention on the interplay of both the socialas well as the technical-relations.


Solar photovoltaic electricity empowering the world 2011 foreword The European Photovoltaic Industry Association and Greenpeace International are pleased to present this 6th edition of the report " Solar Generation: Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Empowering the World ". This report aims to provide a clear and understandable description of the current status of developing Photovoltaic power generation worldwide, and also of its untapped potentials and growth prospects in the coming years. During 2010, the Photovoltaic (PV) market has shown unprecedented growth and widespread use of this environmentally friendly and distributed source of power generation. On a global basis, new PV installations of approximately 15,000 MW have been added during 2010, taking the entire PV capacity to almost 40,000 MW. This result is even above the optimistic forecast contained in the report, and it also translates into investments of over 50 bn€ in 2010, again ahead of the report's forecast. The most impressive result is however the number of installations and therefore of individuals, companies, and public entities participating in this development: nearly 2 million single PV installations produce photovoltaic power already today. The cumulative electrical energy produced from global PV installations in 2010 equals more than half of the electricity demand in Greece, or the entire electricity demand in ten central African countries.* The strong growth in PV installations is currently driven in particular by European countries, accounting for some 70% of the global market, and accompanied by the promising key markets of North America, Japan, China and Australia. At the same time, the PV arena has importantly widened its number of participating countries and also increased their specific weight. Major new areas for development lie also in the Sunbelt region, with Africa, Middle East and South America just starting to create new growth opportunities, almost always dedicated to covering local demand. 3 foreword Installing thin film modules. The major competitive advantages of PV technology lie in its versatility, i.e. the wide range of sizes and sites, resulting into proximity to electricity demand, in the value of its production profile concentrated during peak-load hours, and in its enormous potential for further cost reduction. PV technology has reduced its unit costs to roughly one third of where it stood 5 years ago, thanks to continuous technological progress, production efficiency and to its wide implementation. The trend of decreasing unit cost will continue also in the future, just like in comparable industries such as …


In this paper, we revisit the classical results on the generalized St. Petersburg sums. We determine the limit distribution of the St. Petersburg sum conditioning on its maximum, and we analyze how the limit depends on the value of the maximum. As an application, we obtain an infinite sum representation of the distribution function of the possible semistable limits. In the representation, each term corresponds to a given maximum, in particular this result explains that the semistable behavior is caused by the typical values of the maximum.


Object tracking is a challenging problem due to the presence of noise, occlusion, clutter and dynamic change in the scene other than the motion of object of interest. A variety of tracking algorithms has been proposed and implemented to overcome these difficulties, but there are still some problems need to be covered. This paper proposed an algorithm to track the moving objects employing a color-based particle filter considering the single object and multiple objects in outdoor environment. We rely on Bhattacharya distance to measure the similarity between the color distribution of the target model and particles. We propose also a target-model update condition, ensuring the proper tracking object. The method is capable to track successfully the object in different outdoor environment in the presence of occlusion, clutter and dynamic change. Some experimental results and data show the feasibility and the effectiveness of our method.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of oral precancerous lesions and risk factors of oral cancer among soon-to-be graduating students and general dentists in Riyadh city. A selfadministered questionnaire was distributed to senior dental students in different dental colleges in Riyadh city using a modified version of previously validated templates. Result: A total of 872 questionnaires were returned. Most of the respondents were dental students almost 73%, while general practitioners were 27.2%. More than half were females (56.8%) in the sample. Leukoplakia was described by 64.1% of respondents as the most common type of oral precancerous lesion while 63% described the tongue as most common site of oral erythroplakia. Conclusion: Awareness and detection of oral precancerous lesions among dental students and dentists in Riyadh city was satisfactory. All dentists should be aware of clinical aspects of the commonest precancerous lesions in order to optimize early diagnosis.


Several national and international bodies are trying to create a field bus standard. Broadly, the aim is to define a 'low-level' local area network (LAN) suitable for interconnecting simple sensors and actuators in both factories and process plants. The activity most relevant to Europe and the UK is that of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) under the auspices of Technical Committee No.65, Sub-committee 65C, working group 6 (IEC 65C/WG6). The functional requirements outlined by this group include features that go towards defining the term 'low-level' in relation to field bus as opposed to 'high-level' communications systems such as MAP and miniMAP. Major field bus features include: bit serial digital communication; capability for at least 30 nodes on a basic system; interconnection of dumb or low intelligence devices only; short messages; and capable of moderate distances (1500 metres).


After studying dual holes micro-seismogram-log data, it shows that the main reason of surface seismic data's resolution is low is resulted from wave attenuation in near source area and near surface low velocity layers. A new deterministic deconvolution method, which improves the seismic resolution in a large scale, is proposed. Using MVSP from dual holes micro-seismogram survey deriving filter operator of near source area, ghost reflection and near surface low velocity layers, using the filter operator to do deconvolution to the surface seismic data and recover the mentioned several seismic wave decays.


While it is well established that community members should participate in resilience planning, participation with genuine decision-making power remains rare. We detail an end-to-end disaster impact reduction modelling framework for infrastructure networks, embedded within a scenario-based participatory approach. Utilising the AF8+ earthquake scenario, we simulate hazard exposure, asset failure and recovery of interdependent critical infrastructure networks. Quantifying service levels temporally offers insights into possible interdependent network performance and community disconnection from national networks, not apparent when studying each infrastructure in isolation. Sequencing participation enables feedbacks between integrated modelling and participants' impact assessments. Shared ownership of modelling outputs advances stakeholders' understanding of resilience measures, allowing real-time implementation, increasing community resilience. Readily understood by central government, this format may increase support and resourcing, if nationally significant. Finally, this method tested integrated modelling and impacts assessments, identifying and enabling improvements for both.


Objective:To evaluate the ultrasonographic value in differentiating focal pancreatitis focal pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer by color doppler Ultrasound.Methods:Sonography and misdiagnose reason of 8 focal pancreatitis cases diagnosed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The sonographic manifestations of focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were similar in these aspects which included localized focus,focus configuration,internal echo intensity and heterogeneity and surrounding venous structures.But focal pancretitis had also characteristic sonographic in interior strong echoic spot(pancreatic stones or calcifications),obstruction patterns of pancreatic ducts and common bile ducts,color Doppler flow image etc.Conclusion:Color Doppler ultrasonic have diagnostic value in differentiating focal pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer.


The present technology relates to a reception device, a reception method, and a transmission method which enable a more flexible application operation. An application acquisition unit acquires an application that is operated with an AV content, and an application control unit controls the operation of the application according to the result of verification as to whether the application is reliable or not. Consequently, the application with ensured reliability can be operated, and therefore a more flexible application operation can be performed. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a television receiver.


This paper deals with the evaluation of an operation planning for a multi-stage, single-product kanban managed production system with varying production rates at different work-stages. Raw materials are replenished at the first work-stage and processed through multi-work-stages to generate the finished products. Simultaneous releases of kanbans are considered to determine the orders of raw parts at all stages. The study pursued is to determine the optimal orders of raw materials at the first work-stage with a varying (linear) demand pattern to minimize the total inventory cost incurred due to raw materials, finished products and work-in-process (WIP) inventories. This decision eventually determines the number of kanbans at each stage, and the economic deliveries of the finished products. This paper further studies the effect of the configuration of the production rates at different work-stages on the total inventory cost. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal operation planning mechanism for the multi-stage kanban managed production system


This study analyzed the full prevalence and spectrum of partner and localizer BRCA2 (PALB2) germline mutations in China, focusing on the associations between these PALB2 germline mutations and breast cancer risk.


Visual impairment has immediate and long-term consequences in people of all age groups resulting in lost blind-person years, low educational and employment opportunities, poor economic gain for individual, families and societies and decreased quality of life.


Control efficacy of five insecticides on larvae of Sucra jujuba showed that,in the indoor toxicity experiment,25% diflubenzuron NO.3 SC was the most efficacious,the control efficacy were 95.92%,4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC were weak,the control efficacy were 83.67%,the control efficacy of the other 3 kinds of agent all were good,there were little difference.In the field control efficacy experiment,25% diflubenzuron NO.3 SC and 2.5% spinosad SC were the most efficacious after 15 days applied agents,the control efficacy were 91.47% and 88.46%,followed by 10% chlorfenapyr SC and 5 % chlorfluazuron EC,the control efficacy were 83.53%和80.38%,4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC was weak,the control efficacy was 53.12%.The four insecticides(25% diflubenzuron NO.3 SC,2.5% spinosad SC,10% chlorfenapyr SC,5% chlorfluazuron EC) could provide good control efficacy,and could be utilized on a wide scale in field.


To examine the effect of smoking on normal buccal mucosa cytomorphologically. Materials and methods: Forty individuals aged between 40 and 60, comprising 23 smokers (14 male, 9 female) and 17 and non-smokers (10 male, 7 female), were included in the study. The buccal epithelial cells of these individuals were collected with a brush and the cells were measured cytomorphometrically using software. Results: The average nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), minimal nuclear diameter (D-min), and maximal nuclear diameter (D-max) were 46.00 ± 11.31, 28.18 ± 2.43, 6.18 ± 0.88, and 10.00 ± 0.94, respectively, in the control group, and 53.61 ± 7.29, 29.52 ± 2.02, 6.87 ± 0.63 and 10.52 ± 0.67 in the study group, respectively. While there was a statistically significant difference in NA, D-min, and D-max (t = 2.586, P = 0.014; t = 2.909, P = 0.006; t = 2.064, P = 0.046, respectively), there was no statistically significant difference in NP between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This increase determined in NA shows smoking-related cellular adaptation. It is possible to conclude that this adaptive change in the cell nucleus tends to be a dysplastic change.


In this paper, we extend a new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) model to examine the effects of a corporate tax reduction on home and foreign countries. The feature of this open economy model is that cross-border relocation of firms is allowed. We show that (i) a reduction in the home corporate tax rate induces an exchange rate appreciation (depreciation) when the degree of cross-border firm mobility is large (small) and (ii) when the degree of cross-border firm mobility is large (small), a reduction in corporate tax is beneficial (detrimental) to the domestic country but detrimental (beneficial) to the foreign country.


Sensitive ground fault relays (GFRs) on high voltage underground electrical equipment have been in used for a number of years to improve mine safety. Advanced GFRs do more than just interrupt fault current flow. They can also reveal linkages as they develop so ground faults are detected before they become critical. 3 figs.


Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy is a rare disease of man characterized by abrupt onset of neurologic symptoms, rapid progression of paralysis, and fatal outcome.' Usually the onset is preceded by an upper respiratory infection. Histologically, there are hemorrhages, perivascular infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibrinous exudation, edema and necrosis. Another neurologic disease that is preceded by a potentially immunizing event is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (post-infectious, post-exanthematous, or post-vaccinal). Although the inflammatory lesions in this disease are also perivascular, other histologic features, as well as the prognosis, differ from acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. Nevertheless, it has been suspected that the two diseases are related.2 The present paper describes a reproducible, uniform, experimental model for human acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. This new experimental syndrome is actually a hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ordinary EAE has been accepted for many years as a laboratory model for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.3 The pathogenetic links between the new hyperacute form and ordinary EAE provide evidence for the close nosologic relationship of the two human diseases mentioned above. The discovery of the hyperacute form was an outgrowth of work on the production of EAE without the aid of Freund's adjuvants.4 Previous reports have demonstrated that a single large dose of aqueous central nervous system (CNS) tissue homogenate without adjuvant produced ordinary EAE in the highly susceptible inbred Lewis strain of rats.4 This procedure did not work as well on rats of the Fischer 344 strain unless their susceptibility was increased by pretreatment with pertussis vaccine. It has been known for some years that intraperitoneal (IP) vaccination of mice and rats with Bordetella pertussis organisms enhances the encephalitogenic effects of CNS tissue-adjuvant emulsions admin-


The latest tests and developments of the code REVA which computes wave resistance are given, using a Rankine source method. Several finite difference schemes have been tested and compared for the Neumann-Kelvin problem of a point source moving at a constant forward speed below the free surface, a problem for which analytical solutions are known. The wave resistance of a Series 60 cargo ship in shallow water has been calculated. The results are compared with those obtained by Schlichting's method. The computer code has been improved to treat the case of a lifting body, with heel and yaw angles. The results show the influence of the waves on the lift and drag coefficients for several Froude numbers: comparison is made with the double-model approximation.


The Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (CORA) is developing capability engineering analysis tools to help build and assess architectures to support net‐enabled operations. This paper describes research into State‐Machine (SM) models to simulate job workflows that are typically done serially using the Task, Process, Exploit and Disseminate (TPED) cycle or concurrently using the Task, Post, Process, Use (TPPU) cycle.


The invention relates to the use of an injection molding compounder with an extruder as mixing and homogenizing unit, an injection unit, which is connected to the extruder and mixed therefrom the and receives homogenized material, and a clamping unit, in which is arranged at least one mold or can be arranged, wherein the mixed homogenized material from the injection unit into one or more cavities of the mold can be transferred, for the production of foods or food semifinished products.


In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use and application of new forms of assessment that are radically different from the traditional forms of assessment(as paper pencil)tests .These new forms of alternative assessment as(self and peer assessment, portfolio ,interviews…..ect )are more student -centered as they provide students with a tool on be more involved in their learning .They also give them a better sense of control for their own learning. They are tests that also teach . Nevertheless; there are some obstacles that face Iraqi instructors of English in using the different methods of alternative assessment in teaching. Therefore, this study has tackled of these difficulties. It also aims at identifying and classifying these difficulties.


High strain sequence variability, interference with innate immune mechanisms, and epitope deletion are all examples of strategies that pathogens have evolved to subvert host defenses. To this list we would add another strategy: immune camouflage. Pathogens whose epitope sequences are cross-conserved with multiple human proteins at the TCR-facing residues may be exploiting "ignorance and tolerance," which are mechanisms by which mature T cells avoid immune responses to self-antigens. By adopting amino acid configurations that may be recognized by autologous regulatory T cells, pathogens may be actively suppressing protective immunity. Using the new JanusMatrix TCR-homology-mapping tool, we have identified several such 'camouflaged' tolerizing epitopes that are present in the viral genomes of pathogens such as emerging H7N9 influenza. Thus in addition to the overall low number of T helper epitopes that is present in H7 hemaglutinin (as described previously, see http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.24939), the presence of such tolerizing epitopes in H7N9 could explain why, in recent vaccine trials, whole H7N9-HA was poorly immunogenic and associated with low seroconversion rates (see http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.28135). In this commentary, we provide an overview of the immunoinformatics process leading to the discovery of tolerizing epitopes in pathogen genomic sequences, provide a brief summary of laboratory data that validates the discovery, and point the way forward. Removal of viral, bacterial and parasite tolerizing epitopes may permit researchers to develop more effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics in the future.


GERMANIUM and silicon P-N junctions are becoming well known for their very nearly ideal combination of efficiency, flexibility, and reliability factors. Despite their high efficiency, the small internal losses of this type of rectifier cell are the chief criterion for rating and application.


Modern education must be dynamic and constantly changing,but no matter what efforts were made to stimulate students to achieve the intrinsic motivation,so that personality and ability of students are fully used.And the students should have good psychological condition,and grasp the necessary skills,and also learn normal interpersonal to meet the needs of society.


This paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia, Central Asia, and the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.


Objective To examine the effect of setting, intensity, and timing of peer support on breast feeding. Design Systematic review and metaregression analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, the National Research Register, and British Nursing Index were searched from inception or from 1980 to 2011. Review methods Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently and in duplicate. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for individual studies and pooled. Effects were estimated for studies grouped according to setting (high income countries, low or middle income countries, and the United Kingdom), intensity (<5 and ≥5 planned contacts), and timing of peer support (postnatal period with or without antenatal care), and analysed using metaregression for any and exclusive breast feeding at last study follow-up. Results Peer support interventions had a significantly greater effect on any breast feeding in low or middle income countries (P<0.001), reducing the risk of not breast feeding at all by 30% (relative risk 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.82) compared with a reduction of 7% (0.93, 0.87 to 1.00) in high income countries. Similarly, the risk of non-exclusive breast feeding decreased significantly more in low or middle income countries than in high income countries: 37% (0.63, 0.52 to 0.78) compared with 10% (0.90, 0.85 to 0.97); P=0.01. No significant effect on breast feeding was observed in UK based studies. Peer support had a greater effect on any breastfeeding rates when given at higher intensity (P=0.02) and only delivered in the postnatal period (P<0.001), although no differences were observed of its effect on exclusive breastfeeding rates by intensity or timing.


Aim & Objective: The objective of this study to assess the epidemiology of alopecia areata, including its incidence, prevalence, and distribution by sex and age. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology 2017 January-2019 December. During the study period all patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient with a possible diagnosis of alopecia areata were evaluated. Results: Out of 50 children, 33 (66%) were males, 17 (34%) were females. five (10%) were in 0-5years age group, 31 (62%) were in 6-10 years age group, 14 (28 %) were in 11-15 years age group. Mean age of onset was 8.63 years. In present analysis duration of the illness, out of 50 patients, 24 (48%) had duration less than 3 months, 17 (35%) had duration 4-6 months, five (10%) patients had duration 7 months - 1 year and four (8%) is approximately 2%. AA is associated with psychiatric and medical co-morbidities including depression, anxiety, and several autoimmune disorders, and an increased global burden of disease.


The transportation community is engaged in all-hazards research, developing new systems, processes, and technologies to improve emergency management and homeland security, generating ready-to-use practice tools for responding to incidents that affect the transportation infrastructure--such as tornadoes, earthquakes, traffic accidents, and terrorist attacks. This is a brief introduction to the articles in this issue of TR News which offer a select--but wide-ranging--overview of transportation security, emergency management, and infrastructure protection.


Objective Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)is preferable in treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In this study, the factors related to the motor recovery after VPS were analysed.Method Twenty-six patients were treated with VPS, and four factors, that are duration of symptoms, open lumbar puncture(LP) pressure, improvement after LP ,and motor recovery of twelve months after operation,were assessed. Results Twelve months after VPS, the better motor recovery after VPS was related to shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP. Conclusion The patients with shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP are often responsive to VPS.

Key words:
Normal pressure hydrocephalus;  Ventriculoperitoneal shunting


Waqf is a legal act in the field of law material that has long known by the public Isalam Indonesia, as a form of social and religious. Although endowments as a highly recommended act in Islam, its implementation should  be  based  on harmonious terms of endowments.  Besides relating  to waqf land ownership should heed government regulation number 28 of 1997 and Law no. 41 year 2004 about endowments.Legality  of waqf in  Islam contained  in the  Qur'an and Al-Hadith  and the  results of  ijtihad,  as contained  in the  Qur'an Surah  Al-Hajj:  77, Ali Imron:  92. In  the  Qur'an-mail  Ali Imron:  92, property diwakafkan more mainstream is a well-loved treasures, the treasure which has a value of more benefit when compared with other treasures owned by Wakif. At first waqf in Islam is when Umar getting a piece of land in Khaibar. Umar asked the Prophet Muhammad,: Are orders to me in connection with this land that you can, "replied Muhammad peace be upon him, if you like, hold the  land  and you sedekahkan benefits. (HR,  Buchori Muslim). Although endowments are  highly  recommended  in Islam,  but  it should  not  be done indefinitely, endowments should  not be  done all  the  property belonging  to diwakafkan,  because  it would  be detrimental to the heirs, according to the Islamic waqf justified only a third of the properties. Keywords: Endowments in the Perspective of Islamic Law


Using a nationally representative sample of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) cases from 2005 - 2010 in the U.S., this study investigates individual and service-specific factors contributing to observed disparities in wages between Caucasian and African American VR clients at the time of separation from the VR system. The structure of the VR case management system allows one to observe only wages of rehabilitated clients; a group comprises about half of all the individuals receiving VR services. The study shows that the censoring nature of wages leads to overestimation of the impact of unexplained factors including employer discrimination on the wage differential between the two groups of VR clientele. Specifically, after addressing the censoring issue using a Heckman selection framework, the unexplained part of the wage differential drops from 18 to 0 percent. The existing disparities in wages between two racial groups are explained mainly by differences in observed individual characteristics including education, disability, services and geographic location.


The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring bovid growth conditions based on a flexible ultrasonic phased array. The device comprises a plurality of wireless flexible ultrasonic phased array detection ends and a data processing center, wherein the wireless flexible ultrasonic phased array detection ends and the data processing center achieve network connection and data communication through a wireless network and an optical fiber communication network. The method comprises the steps that the wireless flexible ultrasonic phased array detection ends complete transmission and reception of phased ultrasonic signals; and the data processing center completes processing of data including detected parameter calculation, detection imaging and comprehensive analysis according to the signal receiving data of the wireless flexible ultrasonic phased array detection ends. By means of the integration of the ultrasonic phased array and a wireless communication module, ultrasonic detection with wireless connection, low radiation and high accuracy is achieved. The device and the method are suitable for ultrasonic detection of various bovid, different detection portions and multiple detection ends, and have the advantages of being convenient and strong in practicability and expandability.


Abstract This article reports on a model for structuring training activities. It is based on Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, and has implications for the teaching methods used; the duration of sessions; the participation of participants; and the role‐changes of everyone involved. The model was devised for presenting to academic staff, to facilitate their learning in workshop‐style activities on teaching and learning, by helping them to appreciate what to expect at the various stages and why. It should be equally profitable, however, used with participants from other backgrounds in other training activities.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons for the polarization in Japan's labor market observed in recent years. To this end, five different types of tasks following the theoretical framework of Autor, Levy and Murnane (2003) are distinguished. Doing so shows that employment both in relatively high-skill high-wage tasks and in relatively low-skill low-wage tasks increased. To investigate the underlying reasons for these trends, the roles of education, structural change, and the spread of information technology (IT) in the demand for and supply of workers of different types of skills are empirically examined. Among other things, the results show that IT is complementary to nonroutine analytic tasks, while it substitutes for workers performing routine tasks. The spread of IT therefore appears to have contributed to the polarization in Japan's labor market by increasing the demand for workers performing – typically high-skill – nonroutine analytic tasks and decreasing the demand for workers performing – typically low-skill – routine tasks.


We have measured the far-wing collisional redistribution line shape, the redistributed fluorescence polarization, and the collisional alignment decay rates for barium perturbed by argon and xenon. The experiment was performed with a heated gas cell (Tapprox.900 K) with perturber-gas densities in the 1--30-Torr range and laser light detuned +- 3--1000 cm/sup -1/ from the 5535-A Ba I 6/sup 1/S-6/sup 1/P resonance line. Metal-vapor densities were determined by a Rayleigh scattering technique, which is outlined in detail. By correlating structure in the line shape with that of the polarization, we are able to make definitive statements about the interatomic potentials. The Ba data show strong similarities with previous experimental results for similar two-electron atoms, namely Ca, Sr, and Hg, and so our conclusions are of relevance to these systems as well.


In this paper, we present an alternative approach to addressing the problem of designing a number of practical 'microwave' devices such as blankets serving as absorbers for radar targets, flat lenses and reflectarrays.


4-(2-Oxylbenzaldehyde) phthalonitrile was obtained via the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with salicyldehyde under the catalysis of anhydrous potassium carbonate, after being oxidated by potassium Permanganate, and a new amphiphilic precursor of phthalocyanine 4-(2-carboxylphenyloxy) phthalonitrile was obtained. The structure of the product was characterized by elemental ananalysis, IR, 1HNMR, and the optimal condition was discussed.


The imperial examinations that begin in 165 B.C.under the rule of Emperor Wendi of Han dynasty meet the demand for examination and selection of the intellectuals.By Emperor Wudi,the examination becomes an established system based on Confucianism.With the extensive spreading in different departments,examination ministry comes into form.Emperor plays a decisive role in the examinations and after-examination grading.This results in a special examination style with the prescribed beginning,body and ending of the exam writings,in addition to antithesis.The writings have to contain proper arguments,styles and quality.


Recent studies demonstrated a key role of angiogenesis, thrombosis and fibrinolysis in tumour invasion and metastasis. We aimed to clarify the potential link between angiogenic factor {vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)}, prothrombotic factor {von Willebrand factor (vWF)} and fibrinolytic markers {tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer} with disease progression and metastatic dissemination in bladder cancer patients. The study enrolled forty five bladder cancer patients classified into three groups: 20 patients with locally invasive tumours, 15 patients with regional lymph nodes involvement and 10 patients with distant metastasis. In addition to 15 subjects served as a control group. Enzyme linked immunoassay method was used for measurement of VEGF, vWF, t-PA, PAI-1 and D-dimer. Enhanced angiogenesis was evident by high level of VEGF with subsequent high release of endothelial vWF. Also activation of fibrinolytic system was pronounced by elevated t-PA, PAI-1 and D-dimer. In addition, highest values of these factors were associated with relatively advanced tumour stage, as they showed a significant direct correlation with the stage of bladder cancer. Regression analysis proved that VEGF, vWF, t-PA and D-imer are independent determinant for the stage of bladder cancer. Conclusion: These results suggest that VEGF, t-PA, PAI-1 and D-dimer are potential prognostic markers in bladder cancer patients. These findings may have future implications for the treatment of patients with metastastatic disease. [Madkour B. S.; Bekheet I.W., El Baz A.G.*, Ghobashy S.; El-Ganzory H. and, Essawy F.M. Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Haemostatic and Angiogenic Parameters in Cancer Bladder Patients. Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):1091-1097]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). (http://www.americanscience.org).


Phage-displayed peptide library technology is based on expressing recombinant random peptides on the surface of filamentous phage and selecting function peptides.The technique is widely used in defining antigen momitopes,selecting new immunological diagnostic antigens,vaccine development,and medicines selection.


Cheikh Anta Diop's paradigm. . . . Koffi Kwahule (qtd. p. 174) laments the lack of formal creativity: his severity is very pertinent. Reading Rashi's work makes one wonder about the reception of the plays: What was presented in Ivory Coast, apart from Ivoirian authors? Hugo, Anouilh, or Jarry? What was the place of the Institut des Arts in the pedagogy? A comparison with Ghana would certainly be useful. What were the self-imposed limits of the "ricerca"? Were they more rigid than those of the "teatro da leggere"? The work of Natasa Rashi is that of a convincing, concerned, and thorough scholar. We would like to engage the researcher more in some problematics of the African scene that may fi nd some echoes in Italy and elsewhere: for instance, Dario Fo the recent Italian Nobel Prize winner, is a man of orality and of the theater, who plays with dialects. The book is informed by the drama of the theater. Despite an offi cial peaceful façade, confl icts in Ivory Coast have been very violent, but were not publicized in the French and international press. For instance, the "fake" plots of the early sixties led to traumatic "purges" that affected theater, especially one of its founders, Coffi Gadeau, jailed for many years, released and forgotten. In the seventies Ahmadou Kourouma had to go away in exile after his fi rst play was presented. The close relationship between theater and politics made of Bernard Bottey Zadi Zaourou, a brilliant playwright and theoretician, "genio eccletico"—a Minister of culture. What is happening today, when the worst crisis of Ivory Coast's young history is raging? What are the theater people saying about Ivoirité, an absurdly racist subcategory on the "African" scene? Natasa Raschi picks up good examples: WereWere Liking wants to "rêver grand" 'dream large.' That is wonderful and she is right. A certain hubris on the stage is much better than an uncertain delirium in the streets. We hope Natasa Raschi's excellent work will be made available to readers unfamiliar with the language of Pirandello. . . . —Alain Ricard Centre National de Recherche Scientifi que, Bordeaux


Countering violent extremism remains a pivotal national security priority in the U.S. and globally. The Internet offers key sites through which violent extremists spread and influence others to adopt their views. In particular, Twitter has emerged as a central platform through which violent Islamist extremist groups disseminate radical propaganda to recruit civilians, especially young people vulnerable to radicalization [3]. Most of the propaganda messages contain verses from the Qur'an or Hadith (prophetic narrations), carefully selected and painted in an extremist ideology that demand action against the enemies of Islam (e.g., the West).


Specimens collected from light greenish gray colored alteration zones found at the outcrops and boring cores in the Umanosedanigawa River landslide area (Iyomishima city, Ehime Prefecture) near MTL were microscopically investigated to elucidate theinitial mechanism of landslide occurrence. The light greenish gray colored alteration zones are generally observed in Sanbagawapelitic schist. It is inferred that the alteration zones were formed by the hydrothermal alteration during rhyolitic intrusive activities.A lot of green fine-grained quartz was characteristically recognized in the light greenish gray colored alteration zones. Smectitewas crystallized in interstices developed as network pattern in green fine-grained quartz. It was confirmed that slaking-likedestruction was occurred in green fine-grained quartz by swelling of smectite. It is considered from these results that the expandingof smectite formed in green fine-grained quartz serves as a trigger of landslides in the investigated area.


Computer vision plays a vital role in the area of agriculture for various applications like irrigation monitoring, animal monitoring in farm areas, plant classification, disease detection in plant leaves, and more. In agriculture, identifying diseases in the plant leaf is a leading challenge for the farmers because disease in plants reduces crop production and also affects the income of farmers. To ensure the minimum losses, an advanced monitoring system is needed to detect and classify the disease for the plant leaves. To resolve this challenge, this article proposed a method for plant leaf disease classification by adopting a slight variant of the deep convolutional network. In this experiment, we use the plant village dataset that contains five classes with 4197 training images and 430 test images. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed methodology reveals encouraging results with accuracy up to 97.90%, which outperforms other existing machine learning-based methods.


The combination of K-Ar cooling ages of detrital muscovites, Sm-Nd model ages and geochemical investigations allows the discrimination of four crustal segments as provenance areas for the clastic sediments of the Mid-European Variscides. For the Rhenoherzynian Zone and parts of the Saxothuringian Zone, it is possible to estimate when and for how long certain areas have been active as provenances. Isotope geochemical typisation provides further important information about the petrographic composition of the provenance areas. By means of these data large scale paleogeographical reconstructions can be performed.In the pre-flysch series of the parautochthonous Rhenoherzynian Zone Silurian cooling ages of about 440 to 420 my could be detected from the lower Early Devonian up to the Vise. The isotope geochemistry indicates that these sediments are derived from an homogeneous provenance, which can be characterised as rejuvenated upper crust. These sediments, with the Caledonian K-Ar cooling ages are considered to be shelf deposits at the southern margin of the Old-Red-Continent representing the denudation of late Caledonian units.Since the Late Devonian two different age signatures occur in the flysh series of the allochthonous units. Cadomian/Panafrican detritus with K-Ar cooling ages of about 750 to 500 my and Early Variscan detritus with K-Ar cooling ages of about 390 to 370 my. The Early Variscan K-Ar cooling ages can be detected in the parautochthonous flysh series from the Early Carboniferous to the Westfalian. Muscovites with Cadomian cooling ages are regarded as being derived from Gondwana or a related terrane. Based on isotope geochemical data two types of provenance areas can be distinguished. One is characterised as normal upper crust, the other contains signatures of juvenile material. The isotope geochemistry of the early Variscan detritus is very heterogeneous. The characterisation of its provenance area varies from strongly rejuvenated upper crust to arc-magmatites. It is assumed, that the provenance area consists of nappe piles, which are originated by a continent-continent collision of Avalonia with Armorica possibly formed already during subduction followed by rapid uplift. Due to this uplift, parts of the Cadomian cover have been eroded and are thrusted together with the Early Variscan units.The post-flysh sedimentation of late Variscan muscovites starts in the Ruhrkarbon in the Namurian B, whereas the change from Early to Late Variscan K-Ar ages in the Northern German Upper Carboniferous Basin takes place during the Westfalian C. In the Ruhrkarbon K-Ar ages of about 350 to 330 my are significantly higher than the ages of the Northern German Upper Carboniferous Basin yielding ages of about 330 to 320 my. The isotope geochemical data of this group are conspicuously homogeneous describing a strongly rejuvenated upper crust. Large parts of the provenance area might be composed of syntectonic granites originated by crustal imbrication. The Bohemian Massiv is suggested to be a potential provenance area.Compared to the Rhenoherzynian, the Saxothuringian Zone only shows three tectonometamorphic units as provenance areas. Up to now no Caledonian detritus could be detected. Thus, there must have been a barrier separating the Rhenoherzynian from the Saxothuringian Basin up to the Early Carboniferous. Alternatively the Rhenoherzynian Basin could have collected the complete Caledonian denudation detritus coming from the north. The pre-flysh series of the Saxothuringian Zone consist of Cadomian/Panafrican sediments at the latest, since the neoproterozoic time. The onset of flysh sedimentation containing Early Variscan K-Ar cooling ages starts at the Late Devonian/Early Carboniferous nearly synchronously in the Saxothuringian and Rhenoherzynian Basin. In the Saxothuringian these sediments can only be traced up to the upper Vise. In contrast, the Rhenoherzynian yield these age patterns up to the Late Carboniferous. In the Saxothuringian, molasse type sedimentation with Late Variscan K-Ar ages starts in the Vise. This is definitely earlier than in the Rhenoherzynian Zone (Namurian to Westfalian). The three different tectonometamorphic units of the Saxothuringian Zone can not be distinguished from the units of the Rhenoherzynian Zone, when comparing both the K-Ar ages and the isotope geochemical data. Therefore, the same provenance areas have to be assumed.


This report describes the joint effort between Nuclear Metals and the Savannah River Laboratory in the development of a coextrusion process for fabrication of three thorium-1.4 wt. per cent 235Uranium alloy fuel tubes with Zircaloy-2 cladding. The report also includes the results of the irradiation of the tubes in the HWCTR.


This article takes a retrospective look at experience with limited entry licensing, with particular attention to events of the past decade since the Powell River Conference of 1978. The perspective is set by reviewing some of the issues raised early on in these programs' histories. This is followed with a synthesis of some of the important trends and characteristics of limited entry license programs. Finally, some speculative thought is offered regarding future directions for limited entry license programs and their roles in fisheries management.


Objective
To investigate the high risk factors of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in preterm and full-term neonates.

Methods
Fifty-six newborns with PPHN were divided into preterm neonates group and the full-term neonates group according to their gestational ages.The relationship between PPHN and high risk factors such as the primary diseases, mother′s complications during pregnancy, and the prognosis were analyzed retrospectively in each group.A retrospective review of lung samples of 3 neonates who died of respiratory failure were carried out.

Results
Thirty-one (55.36%) out of 56 neonates with PPHN including 27 preterm and 29 full-term newborns had parenchyma diseases.The first and the second primary diseases were meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS, 9/29 cases, 31.03%) and congenital heart diseases (8/29 cases, 27.59%) in the full-term group, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, 16/27 cases, 59.26%) and infection (8/27 cases, 29.63%) in preterm group, respectively.There were 15 cases (55.56%) whose mothers had complications during pregnancy among the 27 preterm neonates, and 8 cases (27.59%) among the 29 full-term neonates.The morbidity of mothers′ complications during pregnancy in preterm neonates was higher than that in full-term neonates (χ2=4.519, P=0.034). The mortality rate was 33.33% (9/27 cases) in the preterm neonates group while 27.59% (8/29 cases) in the full-term neonates group.There was no significant difference in mortality rate between each group (χ2=0.218, P=0.640). The primary diseases were RDS (9/9 cases, 100%) and MAS (4/8 cases, 50%) in preterm and full-term neonates who died of PPHN, respectively.One case of pulmonary hypertensive vascular remodeling, 1 case of alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) and 1 case of interstitial pneumonia were found in 3 lung samples of neonates died of PPHN.

Conclusions
The ratio of preterm increased in neonates with PPHN.RDS and infection were the first two primary diseases in preterm neonates with PPHN.MAS was the first primary disease in full-term neonates with PPHN.Primary pulmonary hypertension should be considered for neonates with severe PPHN.

Key words:
Persistent pulmonary hypertension; Infant, newborn; Risk factor; Primary persistent pulmonary hypertension


: Autonomous cooperative driving systems require the integration of research activities in the field of embedded systems, robotics, communication, control and artificial intelligence in order to create a secure and intelligent autonomous drivers behaviour patterns in the traffic. Beside autonomous vehicle management, an important research focus is on the cooperation behaviour management. In this paper, we propose hybrid automaton modelling to emulate flexible vehicle Platoon and vehicles cooperation interactions. We introduce novel coding function for Platoon cooperation behaviour profile generation in time, which depends of vehicles number in Platoon and behaviour types. As the behaviour prediction of transportation systems, one of the primarily used methods of artificial intelligence in Intelligent Transport Systems, we propose an approach towards NARX neural network prediction of Platoon cooperation behaviour profile. With incorporation of Platoon manoeuvres dynamic prediction, which is capable of analysing traffic behaviour, this approach would be useful for secure implementation of real autonomous vehicles cooperation.


This paper considers instrumental variable regression with a single endogenous variable and the potential presence of weak instruments. I construct confidence sets for the coefficient on the single endogenous regressor by inverting tests robust to weak instruments. I suggest a numerically simple algorithm for finding the Conditional Likelihood Ratio (CLR) confidence sets. Full descriptions of possible forms of the CLR, Anderson-Rubin (AR) and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) confidence sets are given. I show that the CLR confidence sets have nearly the shortest expected arc length among similar symmetric invariant confidence sets in a circular model. I also prove that the CLR confidence set is asymptotically valid in a model with non-normal errors.


Due to the constraints of construction period and site conditions, in order to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of existing tunnel-type anchorage and the safety of bridge, it is necessary to study the influence of blasting construction of underlying tunnel on the surrounding rock of the existing tunnel-type anchorage. Based on the methods of numerical methods and theoretical analysis, this paper systematically analyzed the influence of underpass tunnel construction on the surrounding rock of the tunnel-type anchorage from the aspects of loose circle of the surrounding rock. The results show that when underlying tunnel blasting, the peak velocity of the top arch monitoring points in each section of the right underlying tunnel specifically is largest. For the blasting of the upper steps, it is necessary to focus on monitoring the vibration speed of the top arch. The total peak velocity of the monitoring point of the anchorage does not exceed 1 cm/s, which is smaller than the allowable vibration velocity of the particle which is stipulated by the blasting and meets the stipulated requirements. Based on the elasto-plastic theory, Hoek-Brown strength criterion is used to calculate the thickness of the loose circle of top arch about 2.04m. Therefore, the blasting of underlying tunnel has less influence on the surrounding rock of existing tunnel-type tunnel.


Leaders and members of International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) express their foodways through the creation of a unique Krishna Consciousness food culture. This chapter begins by asking a question. Hare Krishna devotees distribute large amounts of prasadam in parks, city streets, and temples, not to mention the millions of meals they have distributed over the decades as part of their charitable Food for Life program. Distributing prasadam represents the culmination of an extended religious culture of purchasing or growing food, preparing it in accordance with strict regulative principles, offering it through ritual to the deity, and then distributing this prasadam as a form of physical grace to any and all who want it. Prasadam represents just one facet of an entire Hare Krishna foodway, that is a set of rules, norms, social practices, recipes, material culture, and rituals involved in the production, preparation, and consumption of food. Keywords:culture; food practices; Hare krishna movement; International Society for KrishnaConsciousness (ISKCON); social dynamics


*Idiophase, the citric acid producing stage of Aspergillus niger was mathematically modeled to identify required genetic manipulations to optimize citric acid production rate. For this reason, a consistent picture of cell functioning had to be achieved. The transient idiophase nature was established by stoichiometric analysis. The main intracellular fluxes were computed by application of material and physiological constraints (ATP, reduction equivalents, proton motive force) at culture time 120 hours. The HMP pathway accounts for 16% of the glucose input (carbon basis), the Krebs cycle for 13% and the citric acid synthesis for the remaining 71%. This profile implies an operative glycerol-P shuttle. It recycles 93% of the cytosolic glycerol-P to cytosolic DHAP thus coupling the transformation of cytosolic NADH to mitochondrial FADH. A cellular maintenance energy of 3.7 mmol ATP/g ·h was determined. It would be spent in fueling cytoplasmatic (1.4 mmol H


Degradation and de-colouration of textile dye using microorganisms has been one of the most promising technologies for dye removal from aqueous environment. The present research work highlights the isolation and identification of indigenous bacteria from textile dye effluent and evaluation of their ability to decolorize dye. The decolorizing activity was quantified using standard methods. Among the different microbial isolates, for the present study, three bacterial strains were selected from the mother plate of effluent source as all isolates have exhibited decolorizing activity after one to three days of incubation. Among them Micrococcus luteus are the bacteria able to decolorize the textile dye efficiently. Decolouration studies to be carried out with different concentration of dye at varying pH and temperature. The 16s rRNA sequence matching the potential isolate was identified as Micrococcus luteus strain JW-22.


Preventing email spams continues to be a challenge as the attackers are using new techniques that circumvent the existing spam filters. Therefore, a smart email filter that can identify zero day attacks is necessary. In this paper, we propose an approach which not only looks at the text of the body of the email but also handles the embedded phishing URLs and attached spam images. The proposed approach uses several advanced Machine Learning algorithms to classify the emails and provides a structured process to identify the spams. We use lazyPredict library for selecting the best performing machine learning models. Our case studies using standard data sets show that these smart filters perform well in identifying spams and preventing zero-day attacks. Our analysis of results shows that Stacking classifier performs better with accuracy score of 0.97 for phishing URLs detection. Whereas, the perceptron classifier with accuracy of 0.97 the top performer in detecting email spams. The performances of other algorithms are also reported.


Author(s): Connolly, Timothy Gene | Advisor(s): Colvin, Michael E | Abstract: The study of intrinsically disordered proteins has rapidly advanced since the identification of the role they play in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular dynamics simulations of disordered proteins have become common, but analysis tools optimized for their study have lagged behind. Both fully and partially disordered proteins present similar challenges: a vast fold space and difficultly in distinguishing meaningful protein motion. We have implemented an analysis tool based on inter-structure distance. This tool, g_isd, quantifies the differences between protein conformations. Our analysis is able to identify local regions that are flexible or disordered in otherwise folded proteins by employing a universal parameter that we developed to describe disorder. This order parameter has been scaled to be comparable between all proteins regardless or size or sequence length. We present one of the only clustering algorithms truly optimized to study protein dynamics. This hierarchical spectral clustering applies empirically-derived data to estimate meaningful protein motion allows unsupervised molecular dynamics clustering in reduced dimensional space. We apply our approach to the disordered loop region of a cystine knot protein. Analysis describes the dynamics of this loop containing a targeted binding sequence for the cancer-associated integrin αvβ6 protein. A sequence of steps to dock the cystine knot protein to its target as a large ligand is characterized. Finally, we analyze the disorder of a synthetic polymer with the useful property of thermal contraction. Molecular dynamics studies with a customized force field explain that a small difference in a single bond leads to significant disorder. The efficiency of thermal contraction can be modulated by varying levels of disorder in the material.


This study determined the fate and distribution of nuclides in the Clinch River by analyzing selected cores for transuranic radionuclide activity and examined the effect of the altered flow regime in the Clinch River on the distribution of the fission product activity. Cores were collected along the full length of the Clinch River from the WOC outfall (CRM 20.8) to locations in the Tennessee River on either side of the junction of the two rivers. The sampling was concentrated around CRM 20.8 and the proposed CRBR site. An inventory of alpha-emitting radionuclides and gamma-emitting fission products and their lateral and vertical distribution patterns in the Clinch River was established.


Imam al-Tabari was a known figure in the Quranic interpretation. He was also an expert in qiraat. This is reflected in his knowledge of qiraat and his style of debating the qiraat in his interpretation of Jami' al-Bayan 'an Ta'wil Ay al-Qur'an. The scholarly discussion of the qiraat in the interpretation had been made by some scholars through the books of Ulum al-Quran and Knowledge of Qiraat. However, during the compilation of the opinions of these figures, al-Tabari's views were not debated in depth although he was known as al-Qurra' as well as a famous mufassir. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the credibility, expertise and contribution of Imam al-Tabari in qiraat and Qur'anic knowledge. This information was collected and analyzed by discussing the scholars' views of him and his writings and beliefs in qiraat. All data were collected through a literature study and analyzed using inductive and deductive methods. The results show that al-Tabari's expertise in qiraat knowledge was evidenced by his narration in qiraat knowledge, the writing of qiraat books and detailed qiraat debates in his interpretations. In conclusion, besides a mufassir, Imam al-Tabari also has his own choice of qiraat (ikhtiyar) and writings in the field of qiraat and deserved to be called a Qiraat scholar (al-Qurra'). Introduction Imam al-Tabari or his full name Muhammad bin Jarir bin Yazid bin Kathir bin Ghalib, Abu Ja'far alTabari was famous among the Muslim scholars through his excellent writings that were highly ranked in the Islamic studies, especially his commentary on the Quran entitled Jami' al-Bayan 'an Ta'wil Ay al-Qur'an and Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk. Both of the writings are the primary sources in the Islamic studies. Life He was born in Amal, the biggest town in Tabaristan (al-Hamawi, n.d.) in the end of 224H or early 225H. The dispute on the date was based from his message to his disciple, al-Qadi Ibn Kamil when asked about the date of birth (al-Dhahabi, 1983). It was common among the local that the birth date International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 0 , No. 9, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS 974 was remembered based on an event that took place when the people of Mizyar bin Qarin rebelled against the caliphate of Muktasim. The war ended with a severe disaster to some 20000 Amal people that were besieged with iron and imprisoned by the Caliph (al-Tabari, 1967). Imam al-Tabari already showed signs of intelligence since childhood. This was evidenced when he managed to memorize the Qur'an at the age of 7 and was appointed as the prayer leader at the age of 8. He also began to write the hadith of Rasulullah SAW when he was nine which was an extraordinary ability compared to his peers (al-Hamawi, 1993). He spent most of his life by devoting himself to knowledge and left home at the age of 12 that he did not have time to think about marriage. He remained single until the end of his life (al-'Asqalani, 2002). Historians recorded his knowledge life as follows (al-Hamawi, 1993) Imam al-Tabari lived in his house to write books until the time for 'Asr prayer. Then he went out for 'Asr prayer and sat with the people to teach al-Qur'an (talaqqi and tasmi') until the time for Maghrib prayer. He continued teaching Fiqh and others until 'Isha and entered his home to continue his writing. He was accustomed to not let people disturb him while he was writing, except for a very important affair. He always busied himself reciting al-Qur'an. According to some histories, he recited a quarter of al-Qur'an every night, or more. Despite his busy life, he entertained wedding invitations or walimah al-'Arusah where his presence was meaningful to the host and the ceremony was considered more noble (al-Hamawi, 1993). It was narrated that at the moment of his death, a group of his followers had visited and asked for a will and advices about religion. He then replied, "What I do with my religion and my will is what is contained in my books, so act in accordance with it". Then he multiplied the words of shahadah and zikrullah, swept his face and covered the eyes with his hands. He straightened his hands and he had left to meet the Creator (al-Dhahabi, 1983). Ibn Kathir told that the death of al-Tabari was on a Sunday, the last two days of Syawal 310H ath the age of 80, 85, or 86 years old. He was buried in his house because there was a group of people from Hanabilah prohibited to bury him during the day. They also accused al-Tabari apostate and in fact some ignorants ascribed him as an atheist. Ibn Kathir defended Imam al-Tabari, denying the allegations and described those who accused as the follower of Abu Bakar Muhammad Ibn Dawud al-Zahiri who once accused al-Tabari as al-'Azaim (the great offender) and apostate. His grave was visited by the public for months to pray for his remain (Ibn Kathir, 2005). According to (Ibn Khallikan ,1993), he died on Saturday and buried on Sunday, 26 Syawal 310H. Teachers and Students of Al-tabari Imam al-Tabari have spent the most of his life to learn and teach. To achieve this goal, he travelled to various ountries such as 'Iraq, Sham, and Egypt. He took every advantage and opportunity to find famous scholars and study various knowledge such as al-Qira'at, al-Hadis, al-Tafsir, al-Fiqh, alLughah, and al-Adab. Therefore, he had so many teachers. Imam al-Dhahabi in his book Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' quoted from al-Farghani that al-Tabari had authored a book entitle Tarikh al-Rijal. The book recorded the information about all his teachers that he learned from, until the period of sahabah and tabi'in. Shaykh Akram Muhammad Ziyadah also compiled and translated the books of International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 0 , No. 9, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS 975 al-Tabari's teachers (up to 474 people) in his book Mu'jam Shuyukh al-Tabari. He also narrated alAthar from 7214 teacher amounting to 49000 narrations (Ziyadah, 2001). Some of his famous teachers include (al-Dhahabi, 1983): 1. Ahmad bin al-Miqdam bin Sulaiman bin al-Ash'ash al-'Ijli (253H) 2. Imad bin Mani' al-Bagahawi Abu Ja'far al-'Asam (m. 244H) 3. Ishaq al-Marwazi al-Hafiz (m.254H) 4. Ismail bin Musa al-Farazi Abu Muhammad (254H) 5. Al-Hasan bin Muhammad al-Sabbah al-Za'farani Abu Aliy al-Baghdadi (260H) 6. Al-Rabi' bin Sulayman al-Azdi (256H) 7. Dawud bin Ali al-Asbahani al-Zahiri (270H) The greatness of al-Tabari in mastering various knowledge made him the reference for many students. His fame caused the students to come from all over the country to learn from him and attend his lectures. That made he had countless number of students. Many of them emerged as imam mujtahid, qadi, and great scholars. Ziyadah (2001) also listed 67 of al-Tabari's famous students in his book entitled Mu'jam Shuyukh al-Tabari, which include (al-Dhahabi, 1983): 1. Ibrahim bin al-Salt al-Dinawari 2. Ahmad bin Ibrahim al-Kindi 3. Ahmad bin Ahmad al-Bazzaz 4. Ahmad bin Ja'far al-Khilal 5. Abu Ja'far Ahmad bin Ali Abi Talib al-Katib 6. Ahmad bin Sulayman al-Jariri 7. Ahmad bin Shu'ayb bin Saleh al-Warraq Al-tabari's Contribution to Knowledge The greatness of al-Tabari in various knowledge is undisputed. This fact is proven by his ability to author a lot of books that each one has dozens of volumes that cover various disciplines. He was also able to write dozens of papers daily up to 40 days and that surpasses the ability of an ordinary person. His love for knowledge made him to devote his life to teaching and learning that he did not manage to think about marriage, and he had spread his knowledge widely. It can be seen in several books of turath such as Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim by Imam Ibn Kathir that narrated the tafsir of al-Tabari a lot. He also authored many books in various knowledge areas that had been the references for previous scholars and even today, which include Jami' al-Bayan 'an Ta'wil Ayi al-Qur'an, Al-Qira'at wa Tanzil al-Qur'an, Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, Zayl al-Muzil Ikhtilaf al-Fuqaha' fi Kathirin min al-Ahkam al-Shar'iyyah, and Latif al-Qawl fi Ahkam Shara'I' al-Islam (al-Hamawi, 1993). His books show the greatness of his thought and the rich of the Arab heritage since hundreds of years ago. Even until now his books will be the main reliable and valuable references when it comes to the discipline of Tafsir, Sirah, and Fiqh Nahw, to name a few (Yusof & Hisyam, 2015). The Greatness of al-Tabari and Scholarly Recognition The greatness of Imam al-Tabari in the mastery of knowledge has been scholarly recognized among the past and present Muslim scholars. The Muslim scholars have recorded numerous accolades and International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 0 , No. 9, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS 976 honors for his greatness via their essays and poetries. Imam Yaqut in his book has described Imam al-Tabari as follows (al-Baghdadi, 2001) He was one of the great scholars whose words were taken as a fatwa, referring to his view of the breadth of knowledge and its advantages. With him all the knowledge where no one was at par in that period. He memorized and know the meanings of al-Qur'an, well-versed about the laws and know the knowledge of Sunnah, words of sahabah ( athar) and the tabi'in who are different in law enforcement. He was also knowledgable in halal and haram and history and human civilization... He also specialized in other areas such as al-Nahw, al-Lughah, al-'Arud, and al-Qira'at. This was evidenced through his books and recognition from other scholars. For example, Abu Ali Hasan bin 'Ali al-Ahwazi al-Muqri' who narrated eleven qiraat in his book al-Iqna', described Imam al-Tabari as follows: Abu Ja'far Tabari knew the knowledge of al-Fiqh, al-Hadis, al-Tafsir, al-Nahw, al-Lughah, and alArud. He authored a great piece for each of the knowledge. He had a great book of qiraat where I have seen as m


This paper investigates whether passive coarsegrained Radio Access Network measurements can help inferring end users' experience. To this end, we combine network-side logs with active end to end measurements from a number of probes that act as end users. The combined measurements are used to train a machine learning classifier that uses network side logs to infer whether a particular hour is problematic. We find that coarse-grained network telemetry can be a reliable indicator of performance degradation. Our methodology allows for the automatic detection of problems and root cause analysis through examination of the dominant performance indicators.


At present,the development of eco-tourism sites lacks mature,systematic discipline and technique.The landscape ecology has wide application prospect in the eco-tourism sites development because of the unique attention object,the unique angle of view,the thinking mode,the criterion choice,the theory frame.Taking the Kanas as an example,combined with the landscape structure principle,the landscape function regions principle and the landscape security pattern principle of the landscape ecology,and the landscape ecology plan principle,the landscape structure,the function district and how to maintain landscape security pattern of Kanas were analyzed in order to guarantee the sustainable development of Kanas.


Convolutional Self-Doubly Orthogonal Codes (csoc) have been introduced in 1998 by Haccoun et al. as a novel class of convolutional codes which can be decoded using an iterative threshold decoding algorithm that does not require interleavers. However, these codes need to satisfy some orthogonal properties. Moreover, the memory length of the code is a key issue for their overall latency. Unfortunately, the design of csoc codes with minimum span corresponds to a highly combinatorial problem and only heuristics have been proposed up to now. We here investigate different mathematical programming formulations for the optimum design of csoc codes, or, at least, for deriving a lower bound on their optimum span in order to evaluate the quality of the heuristic solutions. It therefore leads to an assessment on the length of the best known cso 2 c codes.


An XML-based mediator system is the one of the methods to virtually integrate distributed heterogeneous information sources. It considers each information source as the virtual XML database and accesses the information source by XML query language. In this paper, we present a design concept and a development result of the graphic user interface that generates XML views for each biological information sources with flexibility and XML queries on the views. In addison to the easy generation of XML views and queries for the integrated schema, the system supports the form of the workflow, in which the part of the query result against biological information sources is used as input data of an another source.


Dermonecrotic toxin(DNT) is identified as one of the main virulence factor of Bordetella bronchiseptica.To study the immunoprotection of the binding and catalytic regions of DNT,the N-terminal 1,612 bp(DNT1) and the C-terminal 973 bp(DNT3) fragments of the DNT were cloned into the pET-28a(+) and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3),respectively.The expression of recombinant protein DNT1 and DNT3 were identified by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis.High level antibody against DNT was induced in the mice immunized with the recombinant proteins,and all the mice in immunized groups were survived when challenged intraperitoneally with virulent B.bronchiseptic strain BJL0504 at 2 dosages of LD50,while the mice mortility were 60% in control group.Furthermore,the bacteria in lung was eliminated completely from the immunned mice post challenging intranasally with B.bronchiseptic(1.07×108 cfu/mL) at 9 days,on the contrary,the bactera counts in mice lung were up to 1.2×105 cfu in control group.These results shown that the DNT1 and DNT3 had strong immunoprotection against B.bronchiseptic infection and could be used as a subunit vaccine against B.bronchiseptic.


Fades analysis of the Lower Devonian deposits recorded fu the boreholes Pionki 1 and Pionki 4 located in the western Lublin Uplands, between the Holy Cross Mts and the south-western margin of the East-European platform, permits a recognition of marine, tidal-flat, and flood-plain environments. The accumulated clastic material derived from the East-European platform.


This paper models CD ROADM network contention blocking and shows that the contention blocking impact is marginal when CD ROADM add/drop port usage is less than 75%. Numerical results verify the effectiveness.


Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare congenital intracranial malformation. Partial rhombencephalosynapsis is a variation of this anomaly with few reported cases. We report a unique case of a patient with partial rhombencephalosynapsis associated with Chiari II, and various spinal malformations, which is very rare, and only few such cases have been reported in literature. These findings suggest that rhombencephalosynapsis can be associated with spinal malformations and, furthermore, that cases with the common features of rhombencephalosynapsis and Chiari II malformation can exist. Such an association likely represents a new anomaly of the hind brain with spine.


Hybrid Fiber-Wireless access networks aim at combining optical subnetwork and wireless subnetwork with the objective to reduce their complexity and cost. In wireless subnetwork multipath routing is applied in order to improve throughput. Because of different delays along multiple paths, packets may arrive out of order, which may cause TCP Performance degradation. As all traffic in a FiWi network is sent to the OLT, the OLT serves as a convergence node which naturally makes it possible to re-sequence packets at the OLT before they are sent to the internet. To overcome this problem, Scheduling Algorithms (FIFO, DRR, and Modified Deficit Round Robin) at Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is used effectively to reduce Packet Reordering and to improve TCP Performance. Simulation results show that the MDRR scheduling algorithm provides scalable solution to mitigate the side-effect of packet reordering caused by multi-path routing.


Relying on general higher education to train military cadres is the major reform in the building of cadres of the armed forces.With the development of reserve officers,its building system has the problems such as lack of structure,imperfect policies,etc.which restrain the long-term development.This article focuses on the use of system theory methods and ideas,analyzes the situation,identifies problems,makes useful exploration of the system of fostering reserve officers and puts forward the innovative ideas and means of reform.


&NA; Physiological and psychological stresses can provoke or aggravate respiratory distress, but nursing intervention can help patients avoid or reduce them.


For the difficulty of storage capacity dealing with big data,failure of traditional algorithms for big scale data and high complexity computation,k-means clustering mining optimization algorithm is studied based on big data,and a MapReduce software architecture is proposed. It is suitable for large data processing mechanism,provides an improved method for selecting initial clustering centers and puts forward a k-means algorithm optimization based on MapReduce model. The improved algorithm is applied to coal quality analysis,and the result shows that compared with traditional algorithms,the optimization algorithm improves the efficiency obviously,and the accuracy is also enhanced.


Provide Department of Energy program managers and senior managers with objective assessments of research projects and programs in order to evaluate the quality and impact of these efforts, to identify undesirable duplications and gaps, and to provide analysis of key technical issues in support of long range energy research planning, science and technology planning, and technical and performance evaluation of departmental programs and objectives.


In this research work, an attempt was made to study the thin film oxide formation on the dissimilar gas tungsten arc welded austenitic stainless steels of grades AISI 304 and AISI 310S using E309L filler wire. These combinations are widely used in power plant and marine applications. An assessment was carried out to estimate the metallurgical, mechanical properties of the weldment. Tensile tests revealed that the fracture occurred at the weld zone. In addition, Vickers Micro-hardness tests were performed across the length of the weldment. Furthermore, hot corrosion studies were performed on different regions (heat affected zones, weld zone and parent metal zones) of the weldment subjected to air oxidation at 600°C. It was revealed from thermogravimetric analysis that there was weight loss in the heat affected zone of the AISI 310S side after 50 cycles. The thin film oxide layer formation on various zones of the weldment was examined using the combined techniques of optical microscopy, XRD and SEM/EDAX analysis.


This paper elaborates the productive advantage,irregularity and existing problems of Ginkgo biloba L.,and puts forward suggestions how to further develop Ginkgo biloba L.industry in Nanping.


This chapter focuses on the economic benefits that communities may enjoy through having airlines hubbing their passenger or freight services through local airport infrastructure and, where feasible, in having international services making use of it. Similar types of analysis are applicable to other modal hubs such as railway terminal seaports. Focusing on a particular mode has the advantage of avoiding the ad hoc tendency that can accompany drawing examples from very different forms of transportation. The chapter has examined some aspects of the links between the ways in which airports are used and local economic development in the United States of America (USA). It found that growth in the new economy sectors in a region are positively affected by the degree to which the local airport serves a major hub function in the domestic market they could have strong international ties.


This research brings together the disciplines of woven textile design, zero waste pattern cutting and fashion design to form the Composite Pattern Weaving system; an innovative approach to woven garment design and construction which assimilates textile and garment lay-plan design and construction to produce engineered zero waste and integrally shaped woven garments, containing multiple fabric qualities, from a single length of woven textile. The approach challenges conventional textile and fashion design processes and systems by adopting a holistic and simultaneous approach to the design and production of textile and garment components; facilitating the integration of functional and sustainable design strategies to enhance garment durability and longevity through the implementation of a multi-method lifecycle approach to design.

This research adopts the Transitional Design Methodology; an alternative approach of working between traditional and advanced technologies which challenges the constraints of the two modes of production whilst capitalising on their advantages. This cyclical iterative approach emphasises the importance of the relationship between the maker, materials and the machine(s), whilst recognising the potential for a transitional dialogue and knowledge transfer between all aspects of hand and digital production. Employing both modes of production in parallel, the Transitional Design Methodology facilitates a reciprocal relationship whereby concepts, designs and ways of working evolve as the maker moves between modes.

Through the production of zero waste woven garment prototypes using hand and digital weaving technologies, the research establishes new integral shaping techniques and woven garment construction methods to minimise material production, consumption and waste, and identifies some of the limitations of fully-fashioned and composite garment weaving. The garment prototypes embody the learning and knowledge derived through the application of the Transitional Design Methodology. They demonstrate the advantages of working iteratively between hand and digital modes of design and construction to produce innovative (and interconnected) design outcomes, to advance skills and processes, and enhance personal practice.


The ecological breakwater constructed at Mishima-Kawanoe Port in Ehime Prefecture in 2005. This study presents results of questionnaire surveys using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Fuzzy Structural Modeling (FSM) method relevant to Willingness to pay (WTP) of Eco-breakwater. The structure of the various effects of Eco-breakwater is established by FSM method, which is an equation of calculating the total WTP of various effects by eliminating double counts. The B/C ratio is calculated as more than 7.0 by using CVM and FSM method, showing social significance on installation of Eco-breakwater.


Introduction: Hypoestrogenism or abstinence of estrogen causes rapid bone loss faster installation of osteoporosis. Moreover,exercise represent an important factor in preventing osteoporosis,since it consists of mechanical stimulation induces remodeling and osteogenesis. Objectives: To compare the effects of aerobic exercise protocol and strength exercise on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Adults rats (250 to 300g) divided into three groups (8/group): control (G1) - oophorectomy; G2-oophorectomy + swimming, G3-oophorectomy + strength exercise. The training started 40 days after ovariectomy and a week of adaptation to the aquatic environment. G1 had its activities restricted to the cage. At the end of the trial determined the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total protein and albumin. The left femur was weighed and determined the radiographic bone density. Results: G1 showed higher body mass and increased weight gain after the trial period. Phosphorus concentrations and alkaline phosphatase were higher in G2 (4.97 ± 0.47, 75.04 ± 7.66) and G3 (4.95 ± 0.33, 69.13 ± 6.47) compared with G1 (7.06 ± 0.36, 37.14 ± 2.94) and creatinine was higher in G3 (0.63 ± 0.035 p <0.05). The weight of the femurs (0.61 ± 0.04, 0.8681 ± 0.066, 0.84 ± 0.03) and bone density was lower in G1 (192.2 ± 10.78) and no difference between G2 (220.9 ± 3.27) and G3 (224.5 ± 5.91). Conclusion: The physical training programs used produced similar effects, which consisted in increasing bone density and reduction in body weight gain in ovariectomized rats.


So-called independent observations are frequent outcomes in science. A researcher at a given geographic location and point in time makes an observation that is repeated at another place, either simultaneously or later, by another researcher without knowledge of the former observation. Yet, independent observations are normally defined as cases in which lack of communication between the two scientists can be attributed to some strong social reason, such as unsurmountable political or language barriers. Otherwise, the term dismissed observation seems more appropriately applied to the precedent observation, in cases, for instance, where an observation was published in a widely distributed journal, preceding another publication arriving at equivalent results. In accordance with the classical view of Kühn [1], a discovery is easily acknowledged by the scientific community and incorporated into current theory, if it supports that theory. If not, such a discovery is often dismissed, at least temporarily, until new theoretical developments are produced. Some relatively rare discoveries can surpass normal theory and incite sudden theoretical developments called scientific revolutions. These leaps in scientific knowledge usually result from the combined observations of more than one scientist. In this essay I hold that Kühn's philosophical theory is correct only as applied to observations with direct bearing on scientific theories. There are observations of another type, those whose importance is


In a short survey of the history and sociology of Australian education from early colonial times to the late 1970s, P.W. Musgrave argues that the curricula of Australian schools have been highly 'derivative' and 'eclectic'. He contends that not only have curricular developments in Australian schools closely followed those in Britain and the United States, but these educational ideas have been often uncritically and unimaginatively adopted. l The social studies, an integrating curriculum area whose origins and formative curricular developments can be traced back to the United States at the turn of the century, provides an interesting case in point.2 Since its introduction into Australian elementary and lower secondary schools in the late 1940s, the social studies has been profoundly influenced by philosophical, curricular, and pedagogical developments that emanated from the United States and to a lesser extent from Britain. Over the past decade or so, the social studies in Australia has become somewhat more independent and curricular developments have been typified by locally inspired innovations: the most notable being the design of integrated and process-skill oriented programmes, and the reconceptualisation of content to reflect recent emphases in Australian and Asian studies and the widespread adoption of P-10 curriculum frameworks by most state education systems. Despite these national and state initiatives, educational ideas from the United States still impact upon the nature and form of the social studies in Australia. Indeed, the adoption of Paul R. Hanna's 'Expanding Communities of Men' curriculum framework for years 1-7 by one Australian state education system as recently as 1987, affirms that the United States influence persists today. Of greater concern is the realisation that the adoption of Hanna's framework comes at a time when curriculum reforms in the social studies over the past decade have largely led to its demise in the United States. My concern is with some of the major facets of the current reform era in the social studies and their implications for existing curriculum designs.


This works evaluates the catalytic capacity of metalorganic materials synthesized, based on Cu+ and ambidentade ligand in Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. The synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole was made using CuCl and CuI salts, and the [Cu(4,4'-dipy)]Cl and [Cu(4,4'-dipy)]I compounds as catalysts, with or without base catalysis by triethylamine. The copper salts and compounds lead to formation of the desired triazole product; however, in the synthesis mediated by [Cu(4,4'-dipy)]I does not generate the product, even after 48 h of reaction. The reaction with [Cu(4,4'-dipy)]Cl mediated or not by triethylamine showed high yields of 88 % and 70 %, respectively. The [Cu(4,4'-dipy)]Cl compounds was reused five times, and regenerated by ascorbic acid, maintaining thus, the same reaction yield.


In this paper, authors studied Hyers-Ulam stability and Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stabilityof fractional differential equation of order (3, 4) with anti-periodic boundary conditions.


In the present paper, the Bezier variant of Jakimovski-Leviatan-Peltenea operators involving Sheffer polynomials is introduced and the degree of approximation by these operators is investigated with the aid of Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness, Lipschitz type space and for functions with derivatives of bounded variations.


Objective: To study the maternal determinants of intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care Hospital in the year 2009. Ninety eight cases of intrauterine growth restriction were compared to 98 controls, matched for newborns sex and type of delivery. Data was collected by interviewing the mother using a structured pretested schedule and perusal of antenatal records. Intrauterine growth restriction was defined as occurring if birth weight of the newborn is below 10 th percentile for gestational age on the intrauterine growth curve. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17 package. Percentages, odds ratios with 95% CI and multiple logistic regression analysis were used wherever appropriate. Results: Maternal age, education, socioeconomic status and number of antenatal visits were found to be the significant socio-demographic factors associated with Intrauterine growth restriction while, maternal height, parity, previous spontaneous abortion, direct obstetric morbidity, indirect obstetric morbidity and anemia were the maternal biological factors found to be significantly associated on bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified parity, previous spontaneous abortion, direct obstetric morbidity, indirect obstetric morbidity and antenatal visits as significant maternal determinants of intrauterine growth restriction.


The Prader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes are clinically distinct developmental disorders which are caused by genetic defects in the imprinted domain at chromosome 15q11-q13, resulting in the loss of paternal (PWS) or maternal (AS) gene function. In this study, the genetic changes of 15q11-q13 and their possible inheritance in Finnish PWS (n=76) and AS (n=47) patients are described. The diagnosis could be confirmed by laboratory methods in all PWS and in 43 (91%)


The synthesis of a new bicyclic system has been reported. Three substituted 5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazines have been condensed to a fused β-lactam ring system by use of phthaloylglycyl chloride. The resulting phthalimido compounds were dephthaloylated to the corresponding oxygen analogs of cepham (2).


This paper examines four statistical procedures for correcting the NMC medium-range forecast (MRF) errors in the 700-mb heights over the Northern Hemisphere. The tests were designed to include normal operational constraints, such as frequent changes in the forecast model and the lack of long-term forecast histories on which to base estimates of systematic errors and climate drifts. It was found that the two statistical procedures which provided a substantial reduction in mean square error were a procedure based on simple regression correction at each grid point and one based on lagged-average correction with one day lag at each grid point.


Light rays incident on a transparent object of uniform refractive index undergo deflections, which uniquely characterize the surface geometry of the object. Associated with each point on the surface is a deflection map (or spectrum) which describes the pattern of deflections in various directions. This article presents a novel method to efficiently acquire and reconstruct sparse deflection spectra induced by smooth object surfaces. To this end, we leverage the framework of compressed sensing (CS) in a particular implementation of a schlieren deflectometer, i.e., an optical system providing linear measurements of deflection spectra with programmable spatial light modulation patterns. In particular, we design those modulation patterns on the principle of spread spectrum CS for reducing the number of observations. Interestingly, the ability of our device to simultaneously observe the deflection spectra on a dense discretization of the object surface is related to a particular multiple measurement vector mode...


Methods: We studied ABT-431, the prodrug of a fully selective D1 agonist, in 20 subjects with advanced Parkinson disease and a fluctuating response to levodopa complicated by dyskinesias. Eight patients were studied in a double-blind, randomized design (French centers); 12, in an open, randomized design (US centers). We assessed and compared the antiparkinsonian (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and dyskinetic (response induced by an acute challenge of a suprathreshold dose of levodopa and by 4 different ascending doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg) of ABT-431 during the 6 hours after the challenge.