Different from existing cross-project defection prediction(CPDP) problems which assume that there is a close relation between the source data sets and the target data sets, in the heterogenous cross-project defection prediction(HCPDP) problem, the target data sets can be totally different from the source data sets. In order to narrow the difference between source data sets and target data sets, we implemented our own algorithm SLA + based on the selective learning algorithm . We select one of the multiple sources that have the highest similarity to the target data set as the source data set, and select one or more of the other source data sets that are similar to both the target data set and the source data set as an intermediate domain. We set up a bridge between the target domain and the source domain through the intermediate domain , breaking the large distribution gap for transferring knowledge between the source domain and the target domain. Besides, we achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction by mining the potential relationship between features. We have done experiments on open source data sets, and the data sets used are all heterogeneous. The experiments prove that our method achieves comparable results compared with state-of-the-art HCPDP in most cases.


RESPECT THE INVENTION ARRANGEMENT FOR BEARING ROTOR SHAFT SCREW COMPRESSOR. INCLUDES GAME LEVELS 30, 32, 34, 36 MOUNTED ON THE TREE 18 16 ROTOR WEDGE BETWEEN FIRST 28 ESTABLISHING THE WORKING GAME 48 BETWEEN THE FACE EXTREME 50 HIGH PRESSURE ROTOR 16 AND WALL EXTREME 46 HIGH PRESSURE CHAMBER 14 WORK COMPRESSOR, AND A SECOND CALE 60 PREPARED BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF PLAY AND BRACE 56 AND ESTABLISHING AN INTERVAL 70, 48 AND BELOW THE GAME ON WHICH THE ROTOR 16 CAN MOVE BEFORE BEING ADOPTED BY THE HAT 24 END OF THE BODY 12 LEVELS SCOPE. COMPRESSORS SCREW.


to normal rats deprived of food for 6h, and the stomach contents were collected after 15min. About 10-12% of the radioactivity of the dose administered was found in the stomach contents, which, when passed through the Sepharose 6B column, gave 65-75 % of the radioactivity in the lipid peak fractions (4-10) collected just after the void volume, as shown in Fig. 1 . The position of this peak is identical with that observed in the preparation and separation of liposomally entrapped insulin from free insulin, and it corresponds to the liposomes. We have concluded, therefore, that most of the insulin in still entrapped within liposomes in the stomach contents so examined. The remaining 25-35 % of the radioactivity found in the fractions between 18 and 30 (Fig. 1) we assume to be hydrolysed products of the '2sl-labelIed insulin, as the free '251-labelled insulin is normally eluted between fractions 13 and 20. Moreover, the radioactivity in fractions 18 to 30 (Fig. 1) is not precipitated with 10% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. Most of this radioactivity probably originates from the '251-labelled insulin associated with the outside surface of the liposomes, which was not truly entrapped during the preparation of insulin-containing liposomes or from degraded liposomes. In both cases such insulin would be readily hydrolysed by the proteolytic enzymes of the stomach. To investigate the action of intestinal enzymes on liposomally entrapped 1Z51-labelled insulin and to compare it with the free hormone, incubations with rat intestinal washings were carried out. Although extensive degradation (as assessed by loss of trichloroacetic acid precipitability) of free insulin occurs (60% in Smin), as would be expected, very little degradation of liposomally entrapped insulin occurred under similar conditions (1 5 % in 25 min). Further, the rapid degradation of the free insulin in the presence of rat intestinal washings was inhibited in the presence of liposomes containing no insulin. A similar effect was observed when purified trypsin was incubated with liposomally associated or entrapped insulin; here again, the degradation of the hormone was much less than that obtained by incubation without liposomes. Thus these preliminary studies show that some at least of the liposomes given by the oral route to rats remain intact in the stomach, and thus protect the entrapped protein from proteolytic digestion by gastric enzymes. Proteolytic activity of the intestine appears to be inhibited by liposomes.


Electronic circuits provide an error signal to control a regulated output voltage signal generated by a controllable DC-DC converter for driving one or more series connected strings of light emitting diodes.


Quantification methods of mass transport of contaminants such as nitrate into groundwater are still inefficient due to lack of knowledge about the parameters governing the transport process. Thus, in this research, a new methodology called optimized diffusion cell (ODC) setup was established to investigate nitrate input into groundwater through an unsaturated zone. This experimental modeling setup mimics the emission-transmission-immission (ETI) concept, which allows for quantification of input and output nitrate fluxes under realistic conditions. Three various nitrate concentrations were added to undisturbed soil samples of 1 cm thickness. The ODC setup was established to minimize the advective transport of nitrate in sandy soil samples due to high permeability. Outcomes revealed that a sorbed amount of nitrate was little due to advective transport compared to that carried out by diffusion. Additionally, for the whole analyzed soil samples of different soil classes, the amount of sorbed nitrate by advection did not exceed 1% of the total sorbed amount. On average, 30% of total nitrate mass input was sorbed. Results of the ODC setup prove its efficiency to simulate nitrate mass transport within the enclosed soil samples. Such findings can be used to predict endurable risk of nitrate transport to groundwater and to analyze


Elections are the foundation and inevitable elements of democracy. As an inevitable element of democracy, it imposes democratic country to fix its election to be free and fair. Moreover, fair elections also enable regimes change and the implementation of good governance and may significantly advance or impede long-term democratic development. In recent years, the Malaysian government has increasingly faced negative perceptions toward the electoral system. The negative perceptions toward the Malaysian election are influenced by the performance of the Election Commission (EC). The ignorance or failure of the government to improve the credibility of every election led to the demand for reform from civil societies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to bring the election framework in line with the concept of an ideal election. Therefore, this article aims to explore the issues of electoral reform and to suggest a framework for electoral system reform in Malaysia. This research applies a qualitative method which is document analysis and interview. The result of this study found that issues on the electoral system includes all election cycle. The electoral system reform framework shows few elements on electoral cycle such as voter education, absentee voter, and empowerment of Election Commission (EC) need serious attention from the government. This research contributes in term of reform suggestion to increase the efficiency and election credibility.


A 51-year-old woman who was receiving 7.5 mg prednisone daily for sarcoidosis presented with low backache on the right side, fever, and chills 2 weeks after dental surgery. Examination revealed lower lumbar tenderness andrestricted movement. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus viridans but echocardiography failed repeatedly to demonstrate any evidence of infective endocarditis. Skeletal scintigraphy, including a pinhole image, revealed abnormal uptake in L5. Computed tomography (CT) showed a lytic lesion in the body of L5 and Tc-99m ciprofloxacin (Infecton) imaging demonstrated increased uptake in the lower lumbar region on the right. After several weeks of antibiotic therapy, the patient became afebrile and pain-free.


This paper describes the results of investigative studies performed for various design topologies of a direct drive HTS wind turbine generator. The investigation covers electrical, mechanical and thermal design with special considerations for design optimization for cost reduction and practical manufacturability for commercial applications. Detailed modeling and analyses are performed by taking into account the characteristic properties of the HTS and non-HTS materials. The investigations also use improved YBCO second generation (2G) HTS wire under development in a research program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy.


High resolution and accurate rainfall information is essential to modeling and predicting hydrological processes. Crowdsourced personal weather stations (PWSs) have become increasingly popular in recent years and can provide dense spatial and temporal resolution in rainfall estimates. However, their usefulness could be limited due to less trust in crowdsourced data compared to traditional data sources. Using crowdsourced PWSs data without a robust evaluation of its trustworthiness can result in inaccurate rainfall estimates as PWSs are installed and maintained by non‐experts. In this study, we advance the Reputation System for Crowdsourced Rainfall Networks (RSCRN) to bridge this trust gap by assigning dynamic trust scores to PWSs. Based on rainfall data collected from 18 PWSs in two dense clusters in Houston, Texas, USA as a case study, we found that using RSCRN‐derived trust scores can increase the accuracy of 15‐min PWS rainfall estimates when compared to rainfall observations recorded at the city's high‐fidelity rainfall stations. Overall, RSCRN rainfall estimates improved for 77% (48 out of 62) of the analyzed storm events, with a median root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) improvement of 27.3%. Compared to an existing PWS quality control method, results showed that RSCRN improved rainfall estimates for 71% of the storm events (44 out of 62), with a median RMSE improvement of 18.7%. Using RSCRN‐derived trust scores can make the rapidly growing network of PWSs a more useful resource for hydrologic applications, greatly improving knowledge of rainfall patterns in areas with dense PWSs.


Negative body fluid dehydration, even as low as 2%, results in a decline of cognitive and physical abilities [1]. Significant dehydration is a risk factor for serious heat illness [2]. On the other hand, exertional hyponatremia, which is a decrease of sodium levels below 135 mEq/l, might develop from activities lasting more than 8 hours [3]. Deterioration rate depends on absolute sodium level and the decrement rate. When plasma sodium level rapidly decreases and is below 125 mEq/l [4] it can become life threatening due to cerebral edema. Evaluation of hydration status is based on indirect hematological and biological indices [5]. The hematological indices hemoglobin and hematocrit do not indicate the whole body hydration status, but rather only the plasma hydration status [6]. The three most valid indices for dehydration (> 2% body mass) are plasma osmolality [6, 7], urine osmolality and urine specific gravity [5, 7]. Plasma osmolality above 290 mosm/kg indicates negative hydration status [5]. Specific gravity above 1.02 indicates dehydration of 2% and specific gravity above 1.03 indicates dehydration of 5% [8]. Urine osmolality above 700 mosm/kg indicates negative hydration status [5, 9] and urine osmolality above 900 mosm/kg indicates dehydration of more then 1.9% [6]. In order to avoid dehydration or hyponatremia, special fluid intake guidelines have been issued by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). The aim of this study was to assess hydration status in soldiers performing physical activity and consuming water according to these guidelines.


A review is presented of the use of static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) in applied surface analysis. Some common criticisms of SIMS are discussed first, and then the experimental apparatus required is described briefly. Four main areas of application have been chosen: catalysts, polymers, glasses and metals, to illustrate the power of SSIMS/FABMS in characterising the chemical state of material surfaces. Finally the very new technique of SSIMS imaging has been described and some preliminary results presented, to indicate its potential in obtaining chemical state information at high spatial resolution.


In this paper, we discuss an extended form including the reversed generalized logistic distribution as its subfamily and refer to it as the extended generalized logistic-gamma distribution. We study some moment properties, and derive exact and explicit formulas for the mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis. In addition, we also give a theorem to characterize this distribution and discuss its limiting distributions as the shape parameters tend to zero or infinity. Finally, possible applications of this distribution in bioassays as a dose response curve are discussed and illustrated with two examples.


In adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), immunophenotypic differences enable discrimination of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) from healthy haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, immunophenotypic stem cell characteristics are less explored in paediatric AML. Employing a 15‐colour flow cytometry assay, we analysed the expression of eight aberrant surface markers together with BCL‐2 on CD34+CD38− bone marrow stem cells from 38 paediatric AML patients and seven non‐leukaemic, age‐matched controls. Furthermore, clonality was investigated by genetic analyses of sorted immunophenotypically abnormal stem cells from six patients. A total of 50 aberrant marker positive (non‐HSC‐like) subsets with 41 different immunophenotypic profiles were detected. CD123, CLEC12A, and IL1RAP were the most frequently expressed markers. IL1RAP, CD93, and CD25 expression were not restricted to stem cells harbouring leukaemia‐associated mutations. Differential BCL‐2 expression was found among defined cytogenetic subgroups. Interestingly, only immunophenotypically abnormal non‐HSC‐like subsets demonstrated BCL‐2 overexpression. Collectively, we observed pronounced immunophenotypic heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment of paediatric AML patients. Additionally, certain aberrant markers used in adults seemed to be ineligible for detection of leukaemia‐representing stem cells in paediatric patients implying that inference from adult studies must be done with caution.


In This paper, the popular integrated techniques are reviewed and a new integrated model using Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) ideas is proposed. It is based on Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and accomplishes information sharing and collaboration of its components.


Precipitation data derived from radar are shown to provide an operationally useful indication of the speed and direction of movement of two cyclonic vortices. For the particular kind of event studied, it is shown that by following the track of individual convection cells, a good indication of the strength of the gusts in exposed locations can be obtained. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00319.x


SUMMARY

Inoculation of narcissus with known numbers of Ditylenchus dipsaci in the last months of growth produces externally symptomless infested plants and bulbs. Variability of eelworm numbers in foliage and bulb is high and late-season inoculation cannot be relied on to produce a uniformly infested bulb stock for experimental work. Eelworm numbers in the foliage fall when this dies; at this time eelworms probably emigrate into the soil from the foliage and bulb.


Purpose:To quantify microstrain development during axial loading using strain gauge analysis for short implants, varying the type of fixture-abutment joint and thread design. Materials and Methods:An internal hexagon implant (4 × 8 mm) and a plateau design implant (4 × 8 mm) were embedded on the center of 10 polyurethane blocks with dimensions of 190 × 30 × 12 mm. The respective abutments were screwed onto the implants. Four strain gauges (SGs) were bonded onto the surface of each block, and 4 vertical SGs were bonded onto the side of each block. Axial load of 30 kgf was applied for 10 seconds in the center of each implant. Results:The data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance for repeated measures and Tukey test (P < 0.05). The interaction between implant and region factors have been statistically significant (P = 0.0259). Tukey test revealed a difference on plateau's horizontal region. The cervical region presented higher microstrain values, when compared with the medium and apical regions of the implants. Conclusion:Within the purpose of the study, the type of fixture-abutment joint is a relevant factor to affect the amount of stress/strain in bone simulation. The microstrain development was concentrated on the cervical region of the implant.


A tunable small antenna using a split ring resonators (SRR) combined with an inductor is presented, and its resonant frequency depends on the size and shape of the SRR, and the added inductor values. The small antenna adjusted to 50 Ω without any matching network with the total efficiency of 82%


Objective:To explore three scheme which was more effective and economic when treat child mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods:All 86 cases that 2003 January ~ December in 2005 twere divided into the Erythromycin group (Erythromycin 20~25 mg/kg·d i.v.),the Azithromycin group (Azithromycin 10 mg/kg·d i.v.)and the united administe drug group( first i.v. Erythromycin 20~25 mg/kg·d, i.v. Azithromycin after the fever reduced). Analysed their clinical curative effect by F test and q test.Results:The time of reducing fever was shortest in the Erythromycin group. The time of wet rale disappear was shortest in the Azithromycin group. In united administe drug group the time staying in hospital were shortest and the money spendingure least.Conclusion:No matter analysis from drug metabolism kinetics or from clinical curative effect, the united administe the Erythromycin and Azithromycin to treat child mycoplasma is more effective, more economic and more safe.


BACKGROUND
The role of body iron stores in free radical-induced peroxidation and cardiovascular disease risk has been debated, but controlled feeding studies using measurements of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and LDL oxidation have not been conducted.

OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypothesis that NTBI and other measures of iron status do not affect oxidative susceptibility in healthy subjects with normal iron status.

DESIGN
Plasma samples were analyzed from 77 healthy men and women aged 20-65 y who participated in 3 controlled feeding studies in which the type and amount of dietary fat were controlled. Iron status and in vitro LDL oxidation were assessed at baseline and at the end of each feeding period (4-8 wk).

RESULTS
No significant relations were found between any measure of iron status (ferritin: 83 +/- 8.9 micro g/L; iron: 20.9 +/- 5.4 micro mol/L; TIBC: 74.4 +/- 11.0 micro mol/L; NTBI: 0.184 +/- 0.15 micro mol/L) and the in vitro measures of LDL oxidation (total dienes: 485 +/- 55 micro mol/mg LDL protein; lag time: 51.7 +/- 15.9 min; and rate of oxidation: 25.4 +/- 6.8 micro mol dienes.min(-1).g LDL protein(-1)). Equal-iron peanut butter-based diets were associated with higher plasma iron in men (22.4 +/- 3.8 micro mol/L) than was the olive oil diet (17.7 +/- 4.5 micro mol/L) (P = 0.02), but this slight elevation did not alter LDL oxidation.

CONCLUSIONS
Diet composition may affect plasma iron in men, but LDL oxidative susceptibility is unaffected by the subtle variation in iron status. Thus, the results do not support a relation between iron status and LDL oxidative susceptibility, a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease.


The Internets of Thing (IoT) is a promising technique that may be used to modernize a multitude of industries at a low cost. Agriculture fields are being managed or monitored automatically or with minimal human involvement using IoT based technologies. The article discusses a variety of technologies that are employed in the fields of the IoT in agriculture. This covers the most significant aspects of the IoT based smarts farming's. A comprehensive evaluation of the networks technology utilized in the IoT based agricultural has been conducted, covering networks construction or layers, networking protocols, as well as protocols. The integration of the IoT based farming production with crucial technologies like clouds computing, vast data storages, or analytic was also explored. In additions, issue about security in the IoT farming have been highlights. A collection of the smart phones or sensor-based apps for many aspects of farm management is also available. Finally, numerous countries' legislation and regulations for standardizing IoT-based farming have been presented, as well as a few publicly available success stories. Finally, a number of pressing research issues and challenges in the fields of the IoT agriculture were reviewed. A Study on the Roles of IoT in the Agriculture for Smart Farming Implementations Page No. 42


This paper addresses the tension between the need to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and the requirement to ensure that in doing so, a healthy indoor environment is not compromised. We assess the potential impact on health from one very specific technology - window replacement - related to the delivery of the required reduction of CO2 emissions. This paper reports on work that has been undertaken in order to address the health impacts arising from fitting all replaced windows with trickle ventilators. We have used a set of building physics and health models to make estimates of impact under a range of assumptions. Whilst a range of pollutants has been considered in the wider project, in this paper we report only on the work done to date on the health impacts associated with mould. For a 10 year time horizon, the study estimated that (for the relevant number of dwellings each year) a baseline total of approximately 500 QALYs related to mould would be saved by such an intervention in England and Wales (1000 QALYs for a 20 year time horizon).


Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) affects up to 17% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and if left untreated, fatality of one or both twins occurs 80-100% of the time. Four common treatment options are available for patients with TTTS. Each treatment option has pros and cons, and no two cases of TTTS should be treated the same. Studies show laser therapy is the most common treatment option with the highest success rate, but this invasive procedure is not always an option. Most treatments are high risk due to the need for sequential procedures throughout gestation for temporary relief rather than treatment. Laser therapy is the only treatment option available with high success rates that treats TTTS where others simply relieve symptoms. TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROME 3


Studying the methods,the flow and the index system of synthesis evaluation on coal seam geological condition,Synthesis software was opened based on VB6 and Access.It can be used in manage databases,Synthesis evaluate,Stat,repository,output results and reports print,and so on.It had been successfully applied on one mine in Pingdingshan and got good effect.


Information technology projects can be divided into three meta-phases – project conception, project execution, and project deliverable use. Each of these meta-phases has associated cybersecurity risks and the potential for being impacted by these risks. This paper performs an analysis of four recent major, publicized project-related cybersecurity incidents and found evidence of cybersecurity risk across project meta-phases. By identifying where cybersecurity risks became vulnerabilities and where vulnerabilities became realized as actual events and outcomes, this research effort suggests that project risk management efforts should begin prior to the project start and consider cybersecurity risks that may affect stakeholders long after the project concludes. This paper hopes to contribute to both research and practice by focusing more attention on how early project cybersecurity affects long-term cybersecurity outcomes.


Data-driven methods play an important role in Singing Voice Detection (SVD). However, datasets with precise annotations are scarce. In this paper, we propose an SVD method via similarity-based semi-supervised learning (SSSL_SVD). For one thing, we propose to enrich the diversity of training data using the self-training semi-supervised method (SSL). In SSL, pseudo labels of the unlabeled data are first generated by a pre-trained teacher model and are then used to train a student model. For another thing, we propose to measure the audio frame from a similarity-based perspective. Taking it into consideration, we could provide more appropriate learning targets. Finally, experiment results indicate that the proposed method achieved comparable results with state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms.


UHC lightweight structural steel having improved oxidation resistance, with the composition in wt .-% C, 1 to 1.6, Al: 5 to 10, Cr: 0.5 to 3, Si: 0.1 to 2.8, balance iron and usual impurities found in steels and methods for the production of warm air out of formed components, wherein Warmumformtemperaturen be applied 800-1050 ° C depending on the Si content.


Azadirachtin, spinosad and plant extract of Bakayan tree (Melia azadirachta L.) against to Aphis gossypii were tested for contact effects at different concentrations against the pre-adult periods. It has been determined that the mortality rate of the cotton aphid individuals treated with Azadirachtin reached 100 % on the 5th day and this value was obtained on the 2nd day in Spinosad treated the cotton aphid individuals. Similarly, the exract of M. azadirachta was affected on the 2nd day of 50 cc dose application. When the data obtained from 40 and 50 cc doses of Melia extract were examined, it was observed that 100 % mortality was detected on the 2nd day in both doses and this rate was reached on the fourth day in 30, 20, 10 and 5 cc doses. In this study; the doses of 40 and 50 cc of the extract obtained from M. azadirachta killed 100 % of A. gossypii on the second day and thus the insecticidal effect of this extract against the pest was determined. Keywords : Melia azadirachta L., Aphis gossypii, Hemiptera: Aphididae


Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Bulk polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples of hexacyanometallate, A n (B(CN) 6 ) m ·zH 2 O (A and B being magnetic ions) based molecular magnetic compounds have been studied in order to investigate the role of crystal structure, structural defects, and type of magnetic ion in determining various magnetic properties of these materials. Our study emphasizes the importance of these structural aspects in the rational design of magnetic properties of these multifunctional magnetic compounds. Possible applications of the studied hexacyanometallate compounds in magnetoelectronic and magnetocaloric devices, such as magnetic memory and magnetic cooling/heating based constant temperature bath have been revealed.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the research productivity of library and information science (LIS) authors affiliated with the 22 countries of the Arab League. It also identifies the top countries, organizations, authors, journals, natures of collaboration, and frequently used keywords in LIS research in the Arab world.

Design/methodology/approach
Bibliometric methods were used to evaluate the research performance of the authors affiliated with library organizations in the Arab region. The Elsevier Scopus database was selected for data retrieval. A comprehensive search strategy was adopted to retrieve 863 publications contributed by LIS authors affiliated with the Arab countries. VOS viewer, Biblioshiny, BiblioAnalyitics, Microsoft Access and Microsoft Excel were used for data visualization and analysis.

Findings
This paper presents the dynamics and the state of the LIS research in the Arab region published between 1951 and 2021. The results of the study have highlighted an upward trend in the growth of the publications, especially in the past four years. The largest number of studies were published in the year 2020. The country-wise analysis ranked Kuwait and Saudi Arabia as the top LIS research producing countries with five and four researchers, respectively. The Kuwait University, the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University were the three most productive organizations. Academic libraries, social media, bibliometrics, information-seeking behavior, information literacy and knowledge management were identified as the major areas of interest for the researchers. Internet and open access were topics that had gained recent popularity, while the digital library, research data management, green librarianship, link data, cloud computing, library leadership, library automation and artificial intelligence were identified as areas requiring further attention. Furthermore, the single-author pattern was found to be the most preferred pattern.

Practical implications
The findings of this study would help prospective researchers in choosing the neglected areas of research that require further investigation. They would also help policymakers in identifying factors that need more attention and allocation of research funds.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive bibliometric study that presents a holistic picture of the LIS research in the Arab region.


Based on seismic wave method,borehole acoustic method and indoor rock mechanics test,the dynamic and static parameters of the foundation rock for the toe slab of the concrete face rockfill dam for Shuibuya Hydropower Station are tested,and then the relationship among the rock quality,dynamic parameter and static parameter are established with the parameters obtained from the test,furthermore,the classification and the quality evaluation are made as well.In accordance with the testing results and the analysis concerned,it is considered that the seismic wave method,borehole acoustic method and indoor rock mechanics test are feasible to evaluate the engineering quality of the foundation rock for the toe slab of the dam comprehensively,and the results can lay a reliable foundation for the accepting the foundation rock for the toe slab of the dam.


Low-dosage estrogen (i.e., about half of the conventional 0.625-mg/day dosage of conjugated estrogen) has been shown to preserve bone mineral density


A case of malignant chemodectoma presenting as a miliary pulmonary infiltrate is reported and the literature reviewed. Initially, the patient's diagnosis was felt to be miliary tuberculosis, until a lung biopsy showed the typical characteristics of malignant chemodectoma. Eleven cases of malignant chemodectoma metastatic to the lung have been previously reported. Chemotherapy with actinomycin‐D and vincistine reduced the size of the primary lesion, although there was no detectable change in the pulmonary lesions. This case illustrates another condition which must be added to the long list of diseases which may present as a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate.


554 Background: Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the colon is rare. There are no randomized controlled trials describing treatment outcomes for this tumor. We provide the largest descriptive study of this tumor to date.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of 109 patients diagnosed with primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the colon from 1995 to 2008 was done via the Veteran's Affairs Central Cancer Registry. By definition, all cases presented with a lymphomatous involvement of the colon as the first manifestation of their disease with no previous diagnosis of NHL of any type or site. Demographic, staging, histology, treatment, and outcome data was recorded. Lymphomas were classified as aggressive versus indolent based on their histology.

RESULTS
There were 36,260 colon cancers diagnosed in 1995-2008 of which 109 (0.3%) were primary non-Hodgkin colon lymphomas. The median age of diagnosis was 67 years. 55 pts had aggressive disease, 27 pts had indolent disease, and 27 pts had inadequate histological data. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (73%) was the most common aggressive lymphoma whereas it was marginal zone (56%) in the indolent group. The indolent group had 5- year survival rate of 76.9% compared to 48.6% for the aggressive group. Both groups had received different treatment regimens as seen in the Table with variable mean survival outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggests addition of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy appears superior to surgery alone in the treatment of aggressive disease whereas it does not appear to provide any benefit in the treatment of indolent disease. However, patient numbers are too small to draw definite conclusions and warrant future investigation in multinational randomized fashion. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the anus. It is characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.


ABSTRACT Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface parameters estimated by iteratively minimising the difference between calculated and observed data. Step-length estimation is a key step in the successful implementation of the FWI algorithm. An optimal step-length value rapidly causes the FWI algorithm to reach the global minimum with reduced iterations and fewer extra forward modelling simulations during each iteration. Step-length can typically be calculated using an inexact or an exact line-search method. The backtracking line-search method (BLSM) is a typical inexact method. Initial methods of guessing the step-length and evaluation conditions determine the efficiency of a BLSM scheme. Here, we propose a quadratic extrapolation value as the initial guess in a BLSM scheme, and then compare it with other initial-guess approaches by using the first Wolfe condition to evaluate step-length values. Exact line-search methods include a parabolic fitting search method through three points (PFSM-3), a parabolic fitting search method through two points (PFSM-2) and the analytical step-length method (ASLM). To find optimal and stable step-length estimation methods for FWI, we compare four step-length estimation methods: BLSM, PFSM-3, PFSM-2 and ASLM. Numerical examples using synthetic data demonstrate that quadratic extrapolation values perform better than first-order change and adaptive values in the BLSM scheme, in terms of resolution of the reconstructed model and computational costs. Of the four step-length estimation methods, ASLM and BLSM are both efficient for noise-free data, and robust ASLM is more efficient for noisy data. However, PFSM-2 and PFSM-3 are less efficient because of low accuracy and high computational cost.


The present invention provides a stator core (11), which constitute the rotary electric machine stator (10) of the stator core (11) having: an annular yoke portion (11b); set of teeth (11a), which is fitted to the an annular inner yoke portion (11b) by thin connection portions (11a1) integrally combines the circumferential both end portions of the inner peripheral side adjacent teeth (11a2) to; and a slot that accommodates the stator winding (12 ), wherein the annular yoke portion (11b) the inner circumferential surface of the groove portion includes intervals (11b1), said groove portion (11b1) extending in the axial direction of the stator (10), the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction V-shaped opening to the inner side of the stator core (11) constitutes an end portion includes a fitting portion (11a3) of the outer circumferential side of the set of teeth (11a) of the teeth (11a2), said fitting portion (11a3) for each tooth (11a2) is fitted along the groove portion, a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is formed as a wedge.


In the process of globalization and informationization, urban becomes the main role of global economic development. The urban administrator pays close attention to how the urban renewal. This text is around some subject matters existing while the urban renewal at present of our country,and have analysed the reasons why the questions produce in terms of mechanism factor and culture factor. The author maintain from the citizen's participation, perfect the appraisal agency, advancing officers to ask the responsibility and strengthen cultural consciousness such respects to set about the urban renewal developing in a science way.


A multi-layered augmented reality system and method may extract a target object and a background from an image frame, may track the target object and the background, may apply different coordinate systems to a first virtual object corresponding to the target object and a second virtual object corresponding to the background, and may independently control the first virtual object and the second virtual object.


Sue Gordon, herself a member of the Stolen Generations, was appointed Chair of the Northern Territory Emergency Response Taskforce (NTERT) in 2007. Sue Gordon addressed The Sydney Institute on 10 June 2008 and outlined the Taskforce's role and terms of reference, and discussed the first phase - stabilisation, law and order, the second phase - normalisation, and the third and final phases.


Fault detection and isolation have become one of the most important aspects of automotive diagnosis. In this paper, a new approach is proposed dealing with fault detection and isolation problem in diesel engine. Especially, the sensors fault detection and isolation problem in diesel air path is studied. The proposed solution is realized in two stages. In the first one, we classify the unfaulty functioning data of system using the fuzzy-ARTMAP classification in order to model the engine dynamics. In the second stage, a conflict is evaluated between samples of test data based on the hyper-rectangles resulted in the first stage. Two samples are in conflict if their intersection does not belong to the neural model elaborated by fuzzy-ARTMAP. The model is learned and validated using data generated by xMOD software. This tool is also used for test. Finally, to illustrate our approach, some simulation results are given and discussed.


The question, "Training for what?" is difficult to answer in pediatrics. The resident works hard to become competent in pediatric cardiology, hematology, neurology, and the other medical specialties. Rarely will he have the same kind of opportunity to be trained in child psychiatry—in the techniques of psychological study and care and in the theory that makes these techniques rational. When his training is over, the resident may be expected to participate with parents in raising their children.


The characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation were investigated experimentally in a high-pressure reactor and the effect of additives sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and mixture of both on hydrate formation was discussed. It was found that carbon dioxide hydrate formed slowly with distilled water in a quiescent system, but hydrate formation can be improved by adding single SDS additive. The higher concentration of SDS, the better of effect. While THF shows no improvement on carbon dioxide hydrate formation. However, the mixture of 0.3%SDS and 4%THF can promote the hydrate formation rate considerably, and large amount of a compact hydrates formed. The pressure drop of CO2 gas in the reactor reached 2.11 MPa, which is about 2.7 times of that with 0.3%SDS. In a stirring system with mixture additives, hydrates can form completely about 100 minutes earlier than that in a quiescent system.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and distribution of a number of macro- and micronutrients in response to imbibition in habanero pepper seeds extracted from fruits with different stages of maturity and postharvest storage times, as well as in their seedlings. Fruits were harvested unripe, half-ripe, and ripe, and were subjected to storage for 0 (control), 7, and 14 days postharvest prior to seed extraction. An X-ray microfluorescence analysis was carried out on seeds pre- and post-imbibition, as well as on seedlings at 10 and 14 days after sowing. K, Ca, Fe, P, Mg, and Mn were detected by elemental analysis. The results indicated that the elements had a higher concentration and distribution in seeds extracted from half-ripe fruits and ripe unstored fruits, as well as in seeds extracted from fruits stored for 7 and 14 days postharvest. K and Ca were the elements with the highest distributions and concentrations in seeds and seedlings pre- and post-imbibition compared to the other elements. At all maturity stages, postharvest storage increased the concentration and distribution of mineral nutrients in seeds and seedlings before and after imbibition. Storage translocated mineral elements to the radicle before germination, increased meristem growth in emerged seedlings, decreased electrical conductivity, and increased germination. Fourteen days of postharvest storage increased the distribution of macro- and micronutrients in immature seeds, decreasing electrical conductivity, potentiating germination, and improving mineral element distribution in seedlings.


The present invention relates to a system and method for dispensing a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation comprising a drug, to input data from a user, such analyzes the input data of the drug to be administered to the user appropriate equipment for determining the amount, and a dispenser for forming and dosing a therapeutically effective amount of an agent. Agent can be in the form of a continuous roll of oral thin film containing the drug. .The


The paper presents a hybrid Broyden family method with global mesh refinement and high order discretization scheme because that this type methods are usually efficient and the high order discretization scheme could reduce the discretization error significantly. The method is then applied to pipeline isothermal simulation problems.


Abstract Wellbeing is a complex construct and to date there has been great inconsistency across measures of wellbeing with respect to their theoretical foundations, dimensions, composition, and psychometric properties. The need for wellbeing measures that have robust epistemological and ontological frameworks and sound psychometric properties is evident as a basis for effective care planning, outcome evaluation and research. The following paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Wellbeing Evaluation Scale (WES), long and short forms, from an analysis of data drawn from a representative population of 203 adults aged 55 years and over. Following an initial pilot study (n = 98), a repeated investigation involved a representative sample of 203 adults over the age of 55 who were recruited from the West Midlands for this study. The findings suggest that the WES is a reliable, valid, and representative measure of wellbeing in adults over 55. It is concluded that the WES can be considere...


A minor Gelsemium alkaloid, koumidine (1), was synthesized from gardnerine (2) by the demethoxylating the indole ring and the inverting the configuration of the ethylidene side chain with palladium catalyst.


The old-dated spectrum regulations have lead to a spectrum shortage problem. This problem is actually not real since many frequency bands are not utilized efficiently. Spectrum Pooling and unlicensed spectrum access as enabled by Cognitive Radios (CR) can compensate for the spectrum scarcity and optimize spectral utilization. The common problem among many proposed CR architectures that operate in an unlicensed-overlay manner is the lack of a dedicated control channel. In this paper a novel idea is proposed, to also use a different unlicensed band as the control channel which, though, must have some special characteristics. This band is auto-discovered by CR terminals and is used to convey signaling and control messages. A new MAC has been also developed that operates on two different unlicensed bands, one for control and signaling information conveyance and the other for actual data traffic. The protocol has been implemented and evaluated in an OPNET based Simulator.


USAID Grant No. 388-G-00-02-00070-00
In collaboration with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)/Bangladesh and the United States Agency for International Development, Dhaka


In the first part of this paper we explore a configuration-interaction approach to the two-dimensional Hubbard model near half filling. To reproduce the result of degenerate second-order perturbation theory it is necessary to include Fock states having kinetic energy within 4{ital t} of the lowest kinetic-energy states. Using the ground state from the largest configuration-interaction calculation, we calculate the extended {ital s}- and {ital d}-wave superconducting correlation functions as a function of distance. There are indications of a nondecaying long-distance tail in the {ital d}-wave correlation function, that is, {ital d}-wave superconductivity in the ground state of the repulsive Hubbard model. In the second part of the paper, we reexamine our effective Hamiltonian for the repulsive Hubbard model near half filling. Simple considerations lead us to a more intuitively plausible form consistent with our previous results and spin-rotational invariance.


Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) is a non-linear optical material used for laser frequency conversion and optical switches. Unfortunately, when KDP crystals are coated with a porous silica anti-reflection coating [1] and then exposed to ambient humidity, they develop dissolution pits [2,3]. Previous investigations [2] have shown that thermal annealing renders KDP optics less susceptible to pitting suggesting that a modification of surface chemistry has occurred. X-ray absorption and fluorescence were used to characterize changes in the composition and structure of KDP optics as a function of process parameters. KDP native crystals were also analyzed to provide a standard basis for interpretation. Surface sensitive total electron yield and bulk sensitive fluorescence yield from the K 2p, P 2p (L{sub 2,3}-edge) and O 1s (K-edge) absorption edges were measured at each process step. Soft X-ray fluorescence was also used to observe changes associated with spectral differences noted in the absorption measurements. Results indicate that annealing at 160 C dehydrates the surface of KDP resulting in a metaphosphate surface composition with K:P:O = 1:1:3.


Due to limitations with a conventional cut and cover method in urban areas and instability issues and long construction duration with the New Austrian Tunneling Method, a new shallow tunneling technique, the M-CAM, has been developed and applied to the Busan Subway Line No.1 Extension Project in South Korea. The method includes installation of umbrella arch and additional steel arch supports to form a roof at the tunnel crown. Then, the roof is structurally integrated with a pre-installed CPW(Continuous Pile Wall) to transfer load at the roof to the base ground. To verify structural stability and safety of the M-CAM, numerical analyses and real-time monitoring have been conducted. The monitoring results showed 9 mm ground settlement, 5.9 mm displacement at the tunnel crown and 0.7 MPa stress of the shotcrete, corresponding to 45%, 26% and 37% of the analysis results, respectively. Furthermore, the method showed significant advantages in duration and cost during construction.


Purpose: This study aimed to determine the correlation between various clinical results, including recurrence in patients with breast cancer, and preoperative blood composition ratio and postoperative pathological results.Methods: A total of 444 patients who underwent surgery were included, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and postoperative pathological results were classified into postoperative cancer stages to confirm the association with various clinical results, including recurrence.Results: The median age of the patients was 51 years. The stages were divided into 1, 2, 3, and 4. Additionally, stages 1 and 2 comprised one group and stages 3 and 4 comprised another group. The cut-off values of the NLR, PLR, and MLR were confirmed to be 1.43, 158.84, and 0.21, respectively. It was noted that the association with recurrence was higher in the group with hormone receptor negative (p<0.001), higher stage (p<0.001), and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.001). In the association with blood composition ratio and recurrence, survival was high in the PLR group with a high cut-off value (p=0.004). There was no significant relationship in the NLR and MLR groups. In the disease-free survival and overall-survival curves, only the PLR group showed a significant association of 0.003 and 0.001, respectively. The NLR and MLR groups did not show any significant result.Conclusion: No significant association with recurrence and mortality was confirmed in the NLR and MLR groups. However, the preoperative blood test in the high PLR group showed recurrence and mortality rate were high.


Mixture of Matrix Normal Distributions (MMND) is the two dimensional extension of Gaussian Mixture Model, which has been widely applied for clustering three-way data. It is the key issue to build image prior model for solving image denoising problem. In this paper, the Expected Patch Log Likelihood (EPLL) with a prior of MMND is proposed for image denoising. Expectation Maximization algorithm and flip-flop algorithm are adopted to estimate the parameters in MMND. Regularization parameter of covariance matrix is selected by the criterion of minimization the Kullback-Leibler information measure (KLIM) with a heuristic approximation. Under the framework of the EPLL, the approximate MAP estimation for the unknown image x is developed. It is shown by experiments that MMND based patch prior performs well on image denoising problem.


Relationship between Teachers' Attitudes Toward Inclusion and Professional Development by Patricia Chatman MA, State University of New York at Brockport, 2002 BS, State University of New York at Geneseo, 1996 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University February 2017 Abstract Integration of general and special education students in the classroom has become common in many educational systems. Researchers have found that some general education teachers may have negative attitudes of inclusion when they are inadequately prepared to instruct in an inclusion setting. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to investigate the relationship of teachers' professional development (PD) on theirIntegration of general and special education students in the classroom has become common in many educational systems. Researchers have found that some general education teachers may have negative attitudes of inclusion when they are inadequately prepared to instruct in an inclusion setting. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to investigate the relationship of teachers' professional development (PD) on their attitudes about teaching in an inclusive classroom at a northeast Georgia middle school. Using Vygotsky's sociocultural developmental theory, the research question examined the difference in teachers' attitudes toward inclusion as measured by the Scale of Teachers' Attitudes Toward Inclusive Classrooms (STATIC) based on the number of PD workshops taken. All 150 general and special education teachers at the study site were invited to participate and the sample included 74 teachers who completed the STATIC. Analysis of variance results indicated that teachers who completed 3 or more PD courses had significantly more positive attitudes toward teaching in inclusive classrooms than did teachers who took fewer than 3 courses. As an outcome of the study, a PD workshop was created that provided teachers with strategies to operate within an inclusive classroom. Informing administrators about the necessity to expose teachers to PD if they teach inclusion classes is essential to improving teacher attitudes, which creates an environment that promotes student success. Relationship between Teachers' Attitudes Toward Inclusion and Professional Development By Patricia Chatman MA, State University of New York at Brockport, 2002 BS, State University of New York at Geneseo, 1996 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University February 2017 Dedication To my husband, Reginald, I appreciate your support throughout the long journey of completing this program. You have witnessed the tears, complaints, and joys of survival. I acknowledge my mother who did not have the opportunity to see the outcome due to her death. I felt her presence throughout the journey cheering me on to end. To my children, I pray that my success inspires you all to soar and reach for your dreams. To my family and friends, I am blessed to have so many encourage me and share this journey! Acknowledgments I would like to give God thanks and praise for blessing me with the strength to finish my journey of receiving a doctorate degree. Also, I would like to thank my committee and URR reviewer for all of their encouragement, dedication, and support throughout this process of achieving my goal. Thank you all for keeping me on task and encouraging me not to give up. I salute you all!


Water quality in aquascape is very influential for existence water habitats. Measurement of water quality includes physical and chemical parameters, such as water temperature and pH value. Water temperature will be ideal if the water temperature is 20-28 degrees Celsius. While, pH value ideal between 6.8 8.0. This project will designed a automatic system to aquascape drainage. Aquascape will installed sensor to measuring the value of temperature and pH which will be used as inputs for system using fuzzy logic. If the system shows the water quality does not match the specified parameters, the system will send an command to replace water in aquascape automatically using water pump which functions as a water filling regulator. The results is succes show when pH and air temperature not in accordance with the ideal parameters, the system will do automatic drainage and user can know the condition of the temperature and pH of the air through a monitoring system on the mobile. Keyword : Aquascape, water quality, sensor, pH, temperature, water pump, fuzzy logic, monitoring. 1. Pendahuluan 1.1. Latar Belakang Kualitas air adalah hal yang sangat berpengaruh untuk keberlangsungan hidup ikan dan tumbuhan serta mencegah kerusakan habitat dalam aquascape. Pengukuran kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika dan kimia ISSN : 2355-9365 e-Proceeding of Engineering : Vol.6, No.1 April 2019 | Page 2091


This paper is a research in pitch line design on the gear with variable ratio. The variable ratio gears give first place to noncircular gears. Gears with noncircular pitch curves are called noncircular gears, and thus including elliptical gears. This paper is a research of noncircular gear related with variable ratio. Based on the differential geometry, tooth contact analysis, curvature theory, the principal directions and curvatures of the mating tooth surfaces, the pitch curves and tooth profile of contact ellipses are investigated. The numerical results and manufacturing noncircular gear confirm the theoretical models proposed for theorem proposed in this current paper. This paper provides a valuable reference for the theorem, the design and machining of this gear type.


This study aims to evaluate the performance of open-ended equity schemes of UTI Mutual Fund with growth option. To examine the performance, a sample of 5 schemes of UTI Mutual Fund have been selected on the basis of monthly returns and compared with benchmark (BSE National 100 Index) returns for the period from January 2007 to December 2015 (nine years) of transition economy. For this purpose, statistical tools like average, standard deviation, coefficient of determination, beta and the risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Treynor (1965), Sharpe (1966) and Jenson (1968) were employed. Keywords—Open-ended, Benchmark, Average, Standard deviation, Coefficient of determination, Beta and Risk adjusted performance measures.


INTRODUCTION: Although the majority of total hip replacement operations are very successful procedures there is a constant need to improve these devices for the long-term benefit of patients suffering from common musculoskeletal diseases. One of the latest group of implants are known as hip resurfacings, and they consist of a relatively large diameter femoral head articulating within a thin acetabular cup. Both components are manufactured from cobalt chrome. Various designs of such metal-onmetal hip resurfacing prostheses are offered by several orthopedic engineering companies and many of these devices show good short to medium term clinical results [1]. However there are concerns over such implants including the higher ion levels in the blood of patients fitted with them [2]. Much valuable data can be learnt from explanted prostheses which have 'failed' and then been removed from patients. As hip resurfacing prostheses have only recently been introduced, there are relatively few such retrieval studies [3].


A component measurement device (10) provided with a volume-switching switch (40) for switching a sound volume, indicative of a measurement value for a predetermined component of a bodily fluid, outputted from a speaker (58). The volume-switching switch (40) switches the sound volume outputted from the speaker (58) between at least a quiet whisper volume and a normal volume. The whisper volume has a noise level within the range 36-53 dB as measured by a noise meter (70) when the distance between the component measurement device (10) and a microphone (72) of the noise meter (70) is 3 cm within an anechoic room, and the normal volume has a noise level of 50 dB or greater as measured by the noise meter (70) when the distance between the component measurement device (10) and the microphone (72) of the noise meter (70) is 50 cm within an anechoic room.


ABSTRACT Post-earthquake fire safety is an important functional requirement of seismic-resilient buildings and depends on seismic damage to fire protection systems. Probabilistic fire risk assessments are useful in ensuring safety and consider the post-earthquake reliability of fire protection systems. This study therefore investigated damage to fire protection systems due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake through a questionnaire survey among hospitals to collect data available for modeling the post-earthquake reliability. Ten types of component of a fire protection system were surveyed: emergency generators, fire detectors, water tanks used for firefighting, fire pumps, sprinkler heads, indoor fire hydrant boxes, fixed glass smoke curtains, fire doors, fire shutters, and fire exit signs. The data show that there was much damage to fire detectors, sprinkler heads, fixed glass smoke curtains, and fire doors. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis was conducted to derive statistical damage models that describe the association of building response quantities with the number of instances of damage. Results of a case study using the models show that building shaking exceeding a peak response acceleration of 10 m/s2 may reduce the probability of successful functioning to below 40% for a sprinkler system and to below 90% for a smoke-activated door system.


The relation between ecological and genetic divergence of Helvella species (saddle fungi) has been perplexing. While a few species have been clearly demonstrated to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, ecological roles of many other species have been controversial, alternately considered as either saprotrophic or mycorrhizal. We applied SATé to build an inclusive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence alignment for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of annotated Helvella species and related environmental sequences. Phylogenetic informativeness of ITS and its regions were assessed using PhyDesign. Mycorrhizal lineages present a diversity of ecology, host type and geographic distribution. In two Helvella clades, no Helvella ITS sequences were recovered from root tips. Inclusion of environmental sequences in the ITS phylogeny from these sequences has the potential to link these data and reveal Helvella ecology. This study can serve as a model for revealing the diversity of relationships between unculturable fungi and their potential plant hosts. How non-mycorrhizal life styles within Helvella evolved will require expanded metagenomic investigation of soil and other environmental samples along with study of Helvella genomes.


Performance of Antheraea assama Westwood, a multivoltine sericogenic insect, as a commercial silk producer varies during different seasons in Assam, India. This study was done to determine seasonal variation of larval period, body weight, lipid reserves, water content, blood volumes, and quantitative hemocyte compositions of the fourth (penultimate) and fifth (ultimate) instars of this species during the winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Larval period was longest (51.50 ± 0.25 d) during winter (December-February) and shortest (25.00 ± 0.29 d) during summer (May–July). Greatest larval dry body weight (19.40% and 16.77% of fresh body weight of the fourth and fifth instars, respectively) occurred during winter and autumn (October-February) whereas larvae reared during spring and summer (March-August) were characterized by lowest body weight. Similar patterns of variation of lean dry weights, lipid reserves, and total hemocyte counts were also observed. Correspondingly, spring- and summer-reared larvae showed significantly higher levels of blood volume and total water as well as cellular and gut water content in comparison with those reared during the autumn and winter seasons. This study shows that lipid reserves may enable survival of larvae during seasonal adversity.


Identifying and educating gifted and talented children has been a concern in education for many years. Gardner's (1983) Multiple Intelligences theory has been used in recent years to facilitate the identification and instruction of gifted and talented children. A review and synthesis of the literature is presented. The benefits as well as cautions in the use of the multiple intelligences approach with gifted and talented students are also discussed.


Ahatract-Dynamic random-dot stereograms of 72 x 71 dots array size forming a horizontal rectangle of 14.5" x 9" were computer-generated on-line at 100 frames/set with special display hardware. The stimulus. a vertical rectangular area of 4.6 x 5.7" within the array with binocular disparity different from its surround was perceived in depth when binocularly viewed Ieft (or right) to a center fixation point for 512 msec at periods of 1024 msec. Monocularly. only -snowstorm" could be perceived. Averaged visual evoked responses (VER) were obtained from eight subjects in &channel recordings, and from one subject in 37-channel recordings of the VER scalp field distributions. Presentation of the disparity area to the left hemiretinas evoked an average EEG response up to 280msec latency over the left posterior hemisphere (ipsiiateraf to the stimulated hemiretinas); simultaneously. the right hemisphere showed a smaller evoked potential of similar waveform. Stimulation of the right hemiretinas yielded opposite localization. i.e. mirrored results. The findings indicate the presence of a major generator of the evoked potential in the input-r~i~ng hemisphere up to 280 msec after the stimulusonset. Thus, without stimulus-synchronous activation responses of pools of cortical binocular disparity detectors (cyclopean human scalp, and stereopris is not associated with preferential activity of retina and_LGB units, the retina) are measurable on the of the right hemisphere.


Abstract This article takes as its focus a specific public dispute in the immediate post-World War II period in France in order to highlight wider ambiguities concerning the role and position of the intellectual during and after the period of the German Occupation. In 1946 the art critic, travel writer and occasional novelist Jean-Louis Vaudoyer applied for election to the Acadmie franaise. His long-standing friend, the prominent Roman Catholic writer Franois Mauriac, who was already a distinguished member of the Acadmie and had played a significant role in the intellectual resistance, publicly opposed him, accusing him of having been a collaborator during his time as director of the national Parisian theatre, the Comdie franaise (194144). The dispute was reported in the pages of the national conservative newspaper Le Figaro and in Les Lettres franaises, after the Liberation the literary supplement of the Communist newspaper L'Humanit, and submitted for examination to a jury d'honneur. Subject to German censorship and interference, Vaudoyer's position had been difficult but, it is argued here, Mauriac's charges appear excessive. Having virtually broken with the Communist-dominated Comit national des crivains, Mauriac now successfully turned to it for support. Although Vaudoyer was cleared by the jury he withdrew his application. Mauriac may have been motivated by Vaudoyer's failure to stage his second play, Les Mal-aims, but having inscribed copies of his novel La Pharisienne (1941) to Karl Epting and Gerhard Heller (who had helped facilitate its publication) he may have felt vulnerable to charges of collaboration himself, in spite of his record in the Resistance. Whatever the reasons and however minor, the dispute highlights the tensions and irrationalities that frequently emerged from the deeply troubled period of the Occupation and the Liberation.


This paper brings together ideas about technological regimes and looks at their influence on patterns of sustained or persistent innovation across UK manufacturing and services industries using two waves of the UK Community Innovation Surveys. It builds a link between technological regimes and Schumpeterian patterns of innovation, and tests these on the CIS databases. It creates a model using the variables within the technological regime to see whether these can explain sustained patterns of innovation. These variables include appropriability, cumulativeness, technological opportunity and closeness to the science base as well as enterprise size. The paper finds that strong appropriability, a high degree of cumulativeness, and closeness to the applied science base are strong predictors of sustained innovation activities. The results on technological opportunity are ambiguous. High tech manufacturing industries, i.e. chemicals and scientific instruments as well as some high tech services i.e. telecoms are more likely to register persistent innovation.


An infosheet series titled Safe Processing, Safe Food has been developed and branded. The series is composed of peer-reviewed infosheets depicting conventional and emerging food processing technologies (FPTs) used to make foods safer. The goals of developing the infosheet series were to help Extension educators and, subsequently, the general public become more aware of FPTs and to dispel common myths associated with them. Extension educators can use the infosheets to familiarize themselves with the science and application of FPTs and can disseminate the infosheets to clientele such as small-scale agricultural producers, processers, and consumers.


The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon stocks (EstC) in different management systems conducted over time in the municipality of Iguatemi, MS, Brazil. a completely randomized design with four replications, with four areas located on the same rural property being studied, conducted with different management systems, namely: conventional planting, permanent pasture and eucalyptus crops, in addition to the native forest area without anthropic action. Soil collection was carried out in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm layers, with the following analyzes: soil density (Ds), TOC levels, with later calculations of the stratification index (SI), EstC and carbon stock variation (ΔEstC), with the forest area as a reference. Subsequently, the variables were grouped in multivariate analysis. All managed areas showed Ds values above the critical limit, higher than the forest area, reaching 1.73 Mg m-3. The forest area obtained higher levels and carbon stocks in all layers, when compared to the managed areas, and these did not present potential for carbon accumulation in the soil, presenting negative ΔEstC in all evaluated layers. All areas studied had an SI greater than 1.00, with the forest area higher than the managed areas, which are similar to each other. The multivariate analysis formed two distinct groups, one containing the forest area and the other containing the management systems.


In the global economy of the 21 st century, the products and services we consume are brought to us through complex supply chains consisting of many companies, which are independent and profit-maximizing entities in their own right. For the supply chain to compete strongly, incentives of these constituent firms must be aligned such that when they act to maximize their own profits, they make the supply chain stronger and more competitive, not weaker. A unifying theme in my research is the need to design the right incentives that align the interests of supply-chain constituents. Under this general theme, I classify my research into three streams. In the first stream, which is on cooperation in inventory and capacity management, I study supply-chain management and coordination, with emphasis on cooperation among different parties in the supply chain to manage uncertainty. The majority of research on coordination focuses on the effectiveness of different types of contracts in achieving coordination between buyers and suppliers. The interactions between parties in the same echelon of the supply chain and their collective interactions with a party in a different echelon (e.g., multiple buyers contracting with the same supplier) received limited attention. The supply-chain performance achieved when supplier-buyer pairs operate under optimal contracts may be further improved if the interactions among other parties, for example multiple buyers from the same supplier, are also coordinated; this is what I mean by cooperation and how to incentivize cooperation is a topic I study in my research. The second stream is on the value of information and incentives for truthful information sharing. Information asymmetry between supply chain parties is one reason supply chain performance may not reach its true potential and such asymmetries may allow one party in the supply chain to increase its profits at the expense of others. Hence, information asymmetry is an important problem in supply chain management and coordination. One way to address this problem is to design contracts that induce truthful information sharing, but such contracts are often complex. Instead, in my research, I focus on less complex contracts that are frequently used in practice and study the implications of dishonest information sharing on supplier and supply chain profitability. The third stream is under the broad umbrella of environmentally-sustainable supply chain management. Traditionally, the customer has been perceived as the end point of a supply chain and getting the product or service to the customer at …


put its chips in conventionally sized packages so that they will work with existing hardware. Meanwhile, chip makers would save money because they could produce more of the smaller footprint processors per silicon wafer. According to Johnson, Matrix can build the chips using current production techniques, materials, and technologies. In fact, he said, the technologies to build 3D chips have been available for several years, but researchers haven't figured out how to use them to do so until now. Matrix borrowed techniques used by the flat-panel-display industry, whose products consist largely of layered silicon films. For example, Matrix will use flat-panel techniques to build chip layers by depositing silicon onto glass. Matrix is not releasing information about how much each chip will cost the manufacturers who would include them in their products. However, the company expects a memory card with A California company has developed technology for building cube-like 3D chips, a longtime goal of processor designers. Matrix Semiconductor plans to mass-produce and release the nonvolatile 3D memory chips, initially for use in removable memory cards for devices such as digital cameras or music players, by the second half of this year. Future applications could include cards with prerecorded content, such as telephone directories or road atlases, for use in handheld devices, said Mark Johnson, Matrix's cofounder and director of product development. Matrix's chips will be the first to have nine vertical layers of circuitry, according to Johnson. By efficiently using space vertically and horizontally, Matrix says its 3D memory will offer more memory within a reduced footprint. This means the chips could eventually fit in smaller devices. Initially, though, Johnson noted, Matrix will its chip will cost about $10, while similar flash-memory cards cost about $40. Johnson said that other types of chips could use the 3D technique but that Matrix chose memory chips as the best initial market. Nathan Brookwood, principal analyst with Insight 64, a market research and consulting organization, said that Matrix's technology is interesting but that it remains to be seen whether the chip proves to be an effective archival mechanism and how the marketplace receives it. According to Brookwood, one significant obstacle will be that vendors may not want to pay even $10 for the write-once cards that would initally use the chips. —Linda Dailey Paulson


Teaching agricultural policy is challenging in that the operations of markets are complicated by government intervention. Many students need practical experience in formulating decision strategies in the presence of government programs to adequately understand consequences of government actions. This article shows how cooperative learning and simulation can effectively be combined in agricultural policy. With cooperative learning in small groups, complicated problems related to government intervention can be addressed. Economic simulation provides realistic problems for the small groups to consider. The approach helps students understand how abstract economic models can be used to improve economic decision-making in the presence of government regulations.


In this paper we propose a distributed architecture for intelligent robotic systems. The architecture is specific to this domain because it intends to provide support for the type of applications that share particular functional requirements: concurrent perception and action, task and plan execution, reasoning, "intelligent behaviours". The architecture also aims to improve re-usability and integration of different software components. It allows the transparent distribution of processes on different computers in a network to take advantage of the increased computational power and so overcome the vehicles on-board limitations. We focus on the related cognitive model on the internal structure of the architecture and of its components. We also examine in detail the EIE protocol we defined to exchange information within the distributed system. Finally we indicate some experimental results.


Enteric neurons and glia arise from the neural crest. The phenotype of crest‐derived cells was examined as they differentiated into neurons or glia in the mouse small and large intestine. Previous studies have shown that undifferentiated enteric crest–derived cells are Phox2b+/Ret+/p75+/Sox10+, and at embryonic day (E) 10.5, about 10–15% of the crest‐derived cells in the small intestine have started to differentiate into neurons. In the current study, by E12.5 and E14.5, about 25% and 47%, respectively, of Phox2b+ cells in the small intestine were immunoreactive to the pan‐neuronal protein, ubitquitin hydrolase (PGP9.5), and the percentage did not change dramatically from E14.5 onward. The differentiation of crest‐derived cells into neurons in the colon lagged behind that in the small intestine by several days. Differentiating enteric neurons showed high Ret, low p75, and undetectable Sox10 immunostaining. Glial precursors were identified by the presence of brain‐specific fatty acid binding protein (B‐FABP) and detected first in the fore‐ and rostral midgut at E11.5. Glial precursors appeared to be B‐FABP+/Sox10+/p75+ but showed low Ret immunostaining. S100b was not detected until E14.5. Adult glial cells were B‐FABP+/Sox10+/p75+/S100b+. A nucleic acid stain (to identify all ganglion cells) was combined with immunostaining for PGP9.5 and S100b to detect neurons and glial cells, respectively, in the postnatal intestine. At postnatal day 0, fewer than 5% and 10% of cells in myenteric ganglia of the small and large intestine, respectively, were neither PGP9.5+ nor S100b+. Because some classes of neurons are not present in significant numbers until after birth, the expression of PGP9.5 by developing enteric neurons appeared to precede the expression of neuron type–specific markers. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:1–11, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Naxi Dongba characters is known as the 'living fossil' of the primal character.However,the scholars have different opinions on its trait,such as pictures character,pictograph character.On the basis of the usage of Dongba characters in Gushiji,this paper have illustrated that the traits of Dongba characters,according to the related character theory,belongs to the primal character.


Cloud is one common place for data to be stored and also shared across multiple users. Data integrity of the shared data is ensured by public auditing. Identity privacy preserving is carried out to hide users who may be higher value target in a group. Provision of adding new group members to an existing group, as well as revocation of existing member from a group would be supported dynamically at the runtime. Public auditing on shared data stored in the cloud storage is done by the means of privacy preserving mechanism. The auditing task are done by the third party auditor on behalf of the users without retrieving the entire file, and the identity of the signer on each block in shared data is kept private from the Third Party Auditor (TPA), who will then verify the integrity of shared data by exploiting ring signatures.


Australia is signatory to two major treaties - the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) - which embody the following five commitments to education: (1) it must be available without discrimination; (2) it must be accessible; (3) it must be affordable; (4) it must be acceptable culturally to children and their parents; and (5) it must be adaptable to different student needs and circumstances. Chris Sidoti, the former Federal Commissioner for Human Rights, undertook a major inquiry into rural and remote education investigating the availability and accessibility of primary and secondary schooling, its quality and the extent to which it included indigenous children, children with disabilities and children from minority language, religious and cultural backgrounds. This brief article presents the findings of the inquiry and outlines a national strategy for rural and remote education.


An experiment is described which was designed to cause ulcers in rats, but requiring less restraint time than previously used procedures. The method and results are presented.


Upper and lower second molars frecuently erupt with a mesioinclination fashion or eventually get included due to early orthodontic therapies such as lingual arches placed prior to the eruption of these teeth. According to the inclination degree, different mechanics can be used. In this case report these mechanics are explained wether they were used in the solution or not.


The physical and chemical properties of Arctic tundra soils were studied along a 250-km latitudinal transect in northern Alaska. The transect includes the nonacidic tundra of the Arctic Coastal Plain, the moist nonacidic tundra of the northern Arctic Foothills, and moist acidic tundra of the southern Arctic Foothills. The parent material of the coastal plain consists of carbonate-rich alluvium. The northern foothills have a mantle of calcareous loess. Further south the parent materials are moraines of late Quaternary. Vegetation changes from sedges on the coastal plain, to grasses on the northern foothills, and tussock and shrub tundra in southern foothills. Following the same order, soil pH and base saturation decrease and soil acidity increases. Most of the soil exchangeable acidity and cation exchange capacity are from soil organic matter.


The study tested two hypotheses: that in a walkable neighborhood, residents will exercise more, eat healthier, and suffer from less obesity and that relation between environment and health outcomes will be stronger for the elderly. Health was measured by physical activity, the number of portions of fruits and vegetables eaten daily, and body mass index. Walkability was measured by three distinct environmental factors—distress, amenities, and residential. The three health outcomes were related to the three environmental factors. Age was not a significant predictor of health outcomes. Although the environment does contribute to health outcomes, the ways that contribution is expressed and its relation to age is complex.


Flavanones are 2,3-dihydroflavones. Generally flavanones are prepared by condensation of 1,3-propanediones and aromatic aldehydes. In the present work, aromatic aldehyde was used to prepare 3-aroyl flavanones. Effect of chloro substitution in the aromatic ring of aldehyde was studied in terms of yield. Probable mechanism is also discussed. It is observed that due to introduction of chloro group in o/p position of aromatic aldehyde, the yield of product decreases due to deactivation of –CHO group for condensation with reactive methylene group.


In this paper, an optimal Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller is applied in vehicle active suspension system to improve the ride comfort and vehicle stability without consideration of the actuator. The optimal values of the five gains of FOPID controller to minimize the objective function are tuned using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). A half vehicle suspension system is modelled mathematically as 6 degrees-of-freedom mechanical system and then simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. The performance of the active suspension with FOPID controller is compared with passive suspension system under bump road excitation to show the efficiency of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the active suspension system using the FOPID controller can offer a significant enhancement of ride comfort and vehicle stability.


AbstractLabeling of preformed liposomes with 99mTc is a simple, quick, and highly versatile method, and its potential in the comparative screening of preformed liposomes with regard to their early biodistribution properties, such as the BLOOD/RES ratios at 2 and 30 min postadministration, was investigated. Liposomes differing in lipid composition and size were prepared and labeled under optimum conditions with 99mTc using a slight modijication of a previously described method (1). The amount of SnCl2 used to reduce pertechnetate affected liposome biodistribution. The labeling method employed was capable of detecting anticipated changes in liposome biodistribution caused by alterations in liposome composition or size. It could also reveal the effect of a relative immiscibility of monosialganglioside GM1 with di-myristoy1-phosphatidyl-choline:di-myristoyl-phosphatidyl-glycerol (DMPC:DMPG) on the biodistribution of DMPC:DMPG:GM, liposomes. It is proposed that 99mTc labeling of liposomes provides a tool for f...


Summary form only given. Optical wave packet which is localized both in space in the form of the narrow beam and in time in the form of the short pulse is called "light bullet". Power ultra short laser pulse with Gaussian spatial-temporal profile induces in the waveguide with Kerr nonlinearity light field with the same profile. Other nonlinearities have finite time of the response and cannot determine properties of squeezed, in space and time, light bullets. It is known that in Kerr nonlinear medium only 1-dimensional spatial solitons are stable. Nevertheless, soliton squeezing process takes finite period of time and some distance in space. Nowadays laser pulses of femtosecond and even picosecond range are available. For the case of ordinary spatial solitons the estimation for the focal length of the collapse is well-known and is of the order of 10/sup -3/ cm. Spatial extension of the femtosecond light bullet is by 3-4 orders of magnitude less than the focal length of the collapse. Thus light bullet just doesn't have enough time to collapse at such a short distance and the focus of the collapse moves all the time at some distance ahead of the light bullet along with the bullet propagating in the waveguide. Our studies show that in the cases of spherically symmetrical and elliptical waveguides both transverse dimensions and temporal duration of the light bullet slightly oscillates along with the pulse propagating in the waveguide. This confirms stability of the light bullets in the waveguides with Kerr nonlinearity.


This study compared the enzyme activity of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3αHSD) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) in the human liver. 3αHSD was found in both microsomal and cytosolic liver fractions. Contrary to that in rat liver, microsomal 3αHSD activity was 12-fold higher than cytosolic 3αHSD activity, and 3αHSD was not inhibited by indomethacin (10 μmol/L). The rate of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reduction to 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3αDIOL) by 3αHSD was 2 times higher than the rate of 3αDIOL oxidation to DHT. 3βHSD was present primarily in the microsomal fraction of the human liver, and the rate of DHT reduction to 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3βDIOL) by 3βHSD was 3 times higher than the rate of 3βHSD oxidation to DHT. When 3αHSD and 3βHSD activities were compared, the rate of DHT reduction by 3βHSD was 3-fold lower than the rate of DHT reduction by 3αHSD. No sex or age differences were found in either 3αHSD or 3βHSD activity. As the activity of DHT-metabolizing enzymes is not sex depen...


Understanding when a text snippet does not provide a sought after information is an es-sential part of natural language understanding. Recent work (SQuAD 2.0, Rajpurkar et al., 2018) has attempted to make some progress in this direction by enriching the SQuAD dataset for the Extractive QA task with unanswerable questions. However, as we show, the performance of a top system trained on SQuAD 2.0 drops considerably in out-of-domain scenarios, limiting its use in practical situations. In order to study this we build an out-of-domain corpus, focusing on simple event-based questions and distinguish between two types of IDK questions: competitive questions, where the context includes an entity of the same type as the expected answer, and simpler, non-competitive questions where there is no entity of the same type in the context. We find that SQuAD 2.0-based models fail even in the case of the simpler questions. We then analyze the similarities and differences between the IDK phenomenon in Extractive QA and the Recognizing Textual Entailments task (RTE, Dagan et al., 2013) and investigate the extent to which the latter can be used to improve the performance. 1


M2052 alloy in the nominal composition of Mn-20Cu-5Ni-2Fe (atomic fraction, %) was developed, which shows a superior damping capacity and strength balance. The damping behavior of the alloy under different variables was characterized in different methods. The high damping state of the alloy could be reached below a critical temperature, which can be adjusted by composition and heat treatment. The damping capacity at room temperature is highly sensitive to strain-amplitude and frequency, as well as the static load.


The performance of "extremely pure gas supplier" installed to the MACETIE in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University, is described. In order to control the absolute amount of gas injected into the device, the purifier is equipped with precision pressure gauges and thermometers. Mass spectrometric analysis of helium before and after purification was carried out by ultra-high vacuum analyzing chamber and CEC 21614 residual gas analyzer. Impurities except hydrogen in helium were reduced from up to 400 p. p. m. to less than 1 p. p. m. by the liquid nitrogen cooled charcoal trap. Hydrogen, as we expected, could not be reduced at all. Precise analysis of commercial deuterium and hydrogen were also carried out, and compared with the specifications of manufactures.


The present study is an investigation of study of value pattern among adolescents in relation to socio economic status. In the present study, a sample of 160 adolescents from different school of fazilka District has been taken. Equal numbers of male and female students have been included in the sample. In the present study for the collection of data the tools Parental Encouragement scale by Dr. R.R. Sharma (1997). Self-Confidence Inventory by Rekha Gupta (2000).The present study utilized the descriptive survey method to investigation in order to ascertain the parental encouragement on self-confidence of adolescents.


The article considers the personnel and the cloistral composition of clerics in Petersburg Roman Catholic temple in the first third of the 18-th century (until the grand fire has destroyed in 1737 the temple of the "Greek township"). Before 1719 principally the Jesuits worked in the city, but in 1719 they was followed by Capuchins and Reformed Franciscans. The author accentuates the main activity lines of Roman monks their political working, religious propaganda and educational practice. The Petersburg Catholic temple simultaneously was both the parish and mission (de-facto and de-jure). The paper also considers the conditions for priesthood's work, analyzes their relations and their contacts with Congregatio propagandae fide. Often the priests struggled for authority and influence; as a result the parish was split on a few hostile groupings, but the Petersburg Catholic mission carried out the functions.


ABSTRACT: Thirty‐three patients with major depressive illness received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and serum growth hormone (GH) levels were measured 30, min before and 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after treatment. Six of the patients were studied 2 days before the first ECT (ECT‐1) while receiving anaesthesia only. The anaesthesia given appeared to depress GH levels, which were significantly lower at 1 and 5 min after ECT than before treatment. When ECT was given there was a recovery of the GH level at 60 min, indicating a stimulatory effect of ECT on GH secretion. In 26 of the patients also investigated during the sixth and last ECT (ECT‐6) in a series, no such recovery was observed. This may be due to changes in the sensitivity of intracerebral monoaminergic receptors in neurons controlling GH secretion from the pituitary gland. Since inhibition of GH secretion is mediated via beta‐adrenergic pathways, the depression of GH secretion may be due to ECT‐induced supersensitivity of postsynaptic beta‐adrenergic receptors. In 27 of the patients serum somatomedin A, measured by radioreceptorassay (SMA‐RRA), was analysed before ECT‐1 and in 19 patients before ECT‐6. In seven subjects the SMA‐RRA was measured 30 min before and 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after ECT‐1. SMA‐RRA levels were mainly within the normal range for age and did not change during ECT. No difference in SMA‐RRA levels was observed before ECT‐1 and ECT‐6. This indicates that, although abnormalities in the GH‐response to challenge stimuli have been reported in adults with major depressive disorder, their GH production is normal.


It is a trivial matter to see that given the coordinates of n points in Rk, the distance between any two points can be computed efficiently. However, the inverse problem — given a subset of interpoint distances, find the coordinates of points (called a realization) in Rk (where k ≥ 1 is fixed) that fit those distances — turns out to be anything but trivial. In fact, this problem has been shown to be NP–hard for any fixed k ≥ 1. On the other hand, this problem arises from many applications, e.g., surveying, satellite ranging, sensor network localization and molecular conformation, just to name a few. Thus, many heuristics have been proposed. However, they either do not have any theoretical guarantees, or they work only for some very restricted classes of instances. Recently, Biswas and Ye (2004) have proposed a semidefinite programming (SDP) based model for the problem and have reported its superb experimental performance. Our work is motivated by the desire to explain this phenomenon in a rigorous manner. We begin by showing that the SDP model can be used to find a realization in the required dimension if the input instance satisfies a certain uniqueness property. This uniqueness property has a straightforward geometric interpretation, and it allows us to identify a large class of efficiently realizable instances. Furthermore, it allows us to make some interesting connections with various notions in the rigidity theory of graphs. Next, we consider a variant of the SDP model and discuss its connection with the theory of tensegrities in discrete geometry. In particular, we show how the theory of SDP can be used as an alternative proof technique for problems in tensegrity theory. As a consequence of this connection, we are able to obtain qualitatively improved and constructive proofs for some results in tensegrity theory. Finally, we consider an extension of the SDP model and study the problem of finding a low–rank approximate solution to a system of linear matrix equations. We show that a simple randomized polynomial–time procedure produces a low–rank solution that has


We present methods to deliver traceable frequency measurement for free-space terahertz (THz) radiation disseminated via a stable artefact for 0.3 to 1.5 THz with an uncertainty of 50 GHz.


This study aimed to evaluate the comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in sheep naturally infected. Samples were obtained of 530 sheep in 28 farms from 13 cities in the State of Sergipe. Of the 530 samples of sheep submitted to IFA and ELISA test, 52.4% (n = 278) and 49.4% (n = 262) were respectively positive. The comparative results between the two serological tests showed a sensitivity of 69.8%, specificity of 99.4%, positive predictive value of 65.8%, negative predictive value of 68.6% and Kappa 0.344. The Kappa index showed average agreement between the two serological tests, reinforcing the importance of choice of IFA as gold standard technique in serological diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis. However, is important emphasize the choice in using the ELISA test serological technique as assistant to the epidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in sheep breeding.


The variation in the distribution ratio for tracer indium(III) distributing between an oxygenated organic solvent and aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid in which the concentration of HCl was varied while keeping the initial ionic strength constant with various chloride salts was studied as a model system for the extraction behavior of ionic species under these conditions. It is seen that the extraction of acid species plays a somewhat unique role due to the special ability of the hydronium ion to hydrogen-bond water molecules in first shell solvation and to enhance further coordination with the solvent molecules. In such acid extractions, the coordinating ability of the organic solvent, determined by its basicity and the steric availability of the donor atom, and not the solventss dielectric constant, is of paramount importance. In contrast, the extraction of large, relatively unhydrated salt species, such as constant of the organic solvent and not on its coordinating ability. With solvents of high dielectric constant, i.e., nitrobenzene, the extraction of ionic species increases with increasing size of the ions. With solvents of low dielectric constant but good coordinating ability, such as diethyl ether, the extraction of hydrated cations decreases with increasing crystallographic size, exactly the reverse order.more » The variations in the extraction of the indium tracer with replacement of the aqueous HCl by the different salt chlorides are explained on the basis of (1) the creation of new extracting species involving an added ion and the ion of interest; (2) the creation of new extracting species not involving the ion of interest, but repressing the latter's extraction; (3) a change in the relative proportion of the extractable species in the aqueous phase; (4) a change in the nature of the aqueous phase with changing wnter activity and dielectric constant. l4324 A study of the kinetics of the reaction between uranium hexafluoride and sodium fluoride pellets and crushed pellets has been made over the temperature range 25 to 68 . Derivation of the logarithmic and parabolic laws for gas-solid reaction, involving a cubic particle, is presented. The reaction appears to proceed initially by a logarithmic mechanism and then by a parabolic mechanism. A blocking effect is advanced to explain the incomplete reaction with sodium fluoride pellets. A physical picture of the various steps of the reaction mechanism for the sodium fluoride-uranium hexafluoride reaction is presented.« less