Amorphous GaN film was deposited using a laser ablation of the highly densified GaN target. Through the surface morphological and compositional analysis of films deposited under various laser energies and Ar gas pressures, the film deposited under the pressure of 10 Pa were found to be amorphous GaN with the smooth surface. In particular, the film at 200 mJ/pulse showed the enhanced crystallinity and stoichiometric composition, compared with those of the films at relatively lower laser energy. The strong band-gap emission at 2.8 eV was observed from amorphous GaN film in the room temperature photoluminescence spectra, showing the highest efficiency in the film at 200 mJ/pulse under 10 Pa.


We appreciate Drs Marques and Morris's comments on our paper. Impaired renal sodium excretion persists as a key feature for hypertension but is no longer the initiating event. It can be difficult to envisage a central role for the kidney in the onset of hypertension, because gross renal abnormalities are mostly absent in the early stages of the disease. We anticipate that many microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in podocytes, tubular, and other renal cells will be deregulated under hypertensive conditions. Several miRNAs were found to be increased in kidney biopsy samples from patients with hypertensive glomerulosclerosis, which provided the first glimpse of the effects of hypertension on miRNA expression in kidney cells.1 Marques et al2 added more data in this interesting area.

MiR-155 has been reported to downregulate the expression of angiotensin receptor 1, which is associated with hypertension in …


[(3-thiophenyl) methoxy] acetic acid derivatives 6a-6e,7,8,9a,9b,10a-10c are proposed in this paper.The structures of twelve new compounds have been ascertained by IR,()~1H-NMR spectra and elementary analysis.


The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen combustion is the most investigated combustion system. This is due to extreme importance of the mechanism for combustion processes, i.e. it is present as a sub-mechanism in all mechanisms for hydrocarbon combustion systems. Therefore, detailed aspects of hydrogen flames are still under active investigations, e.g. under elevated pressure, under conditions of different heat losses intensities and local equivalence ratios etc. For this purpose, the burner stabilized flame configuration is an efficient tool to study different aspects of chemical kinetics by varying the stand-off distance, pressure, temperature of the burner and mixture compositions.In the present work, a flat porous plug burner flame configuration is revisited. A hydrogen/air combustion system is considered with detailed molecular transport including thermo-diffusion and with 8 different chemical reaction mechanisms. Detailed numerical investigations are performed to single out the role of chemical kinetics on the loss of stability and on the dynamics of the flame oscillations. As a main outcome, it was found/demonstrated that the results of critical values, e.g. critical mass flow rate, weighted frequency of oscillations and blow-off velocity, with increasing the pressure scatter almost randomly. Thus, these parameters can be considered as independent and can be used to improve and to validate the mechanisms of chemical kinetics for the unsteady dynamics.


Sequences insertion associated with recessive white in the TYR gene and the SNP in the D-loop region of mtDNA are combined for discrimination of KN_F1 and KN_CC. In the result, KN_CC are classified certainly form other breeds, because KN_CC type was Dd that TYR gene was all insertion normal and recessive white sequences, and the SNP of 243 locus in the D-loop region was T type. Therefore, it is possible that KN_CC can distinguish form other breeds used by whether or not of the insertion associated with recessive white and the SNP in the D-loop region of mtDNA.


Objective of Chinese traditional medicine is toxic processing method and clinical application,advocate the reasonable use of drugs at present,it is the key to clinical application.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a compound blade of an agricultural harvester. The compound blade comprises three metal layers, wherein the outer layer and the inner layer are made of low-alloy high-strength structural steel, and the middle layer is made of martensitic stainless steel. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, eccentrically pouring the outer metal layer, the middle metal layer and the inner metal layer on an eccentric pipe die; secondly, pushing a pipe and thermally treating to obtain an eccentric pipe blank; thirdly, ring-rolling the eccentric pipe blank; fourthly, annealing and thermally treating the rolled blank, wherein the annealing temperature is 660-920 DEG C; fifthly, cutting the rolled blank into a formed metal blade by using cutting methods without a thermal reaction region, such as water cutting, wire-electrode cutting and the like; and finally thermally treating the formed blade. The compound blade manufactured through the method in the invention has high flexibility and high wear resistance, and has an automatic blade grinding function.


Power system describes a bidirectional flyback topology has two flyback converter functioning in the opposite direction. Power unit current flowing through the device from the (101) (102) is converted to the rectified output current supplied from the mains input of the power supply unit (119) to the device via a second lead cable (116) . On the opposite direction, the secondary control circuit having a position and secondary switch unit (115) (120), the excess current is to be fed back to the power supply unit, the primary control circuit (103), the the current supplied to the device reacts to stabilize. Primary control circuit serves to minimize the amount of energy input from the feedback. Excess current of the device is determined by monitoring the voltage and current being loaded. If the measured parameter is too high, the transfer of more energy to the power supply unit is executed.


In two-wheeled vehicles the mass of the rider is a significant part of the total mass of the system and the rider influences the dynamic behavior both by means of the voluntary control actions and by means of the passive response of his body to the oscillations of the vehicle. The passive response of the rider's body has a particular influence on roll motion, which is typical of two-wheeled vehicles. Roll oscillations generate inertia forces on the rider's body, which moves with respect to the vehicle. Forces and torques generated by the rider on the handlebars, saddle and foot rests are different from the ones that would be generated if the body was rigidly fixed to the vehicle. Therefore, advanced simulation of two wheeled vehicles requires passive biomechanical models of the rider. This paper proposes a novel approach for the study of the passive response of the rider's body that is based on measurements in the laboratory of the interaction forces between the rider and the vehicle. A special motorcycle mock-up is developed, it is driven by a hydraulic shaker that generates roll excitation with variable frequency. A system of load cells measures the lateral force and torque between the rider and the motorcycle mock-up. The study is carried out in the frequency domain, the passive response of rider's body is represented by means of three frequency response functions (FRFs): lateral force FRF and torque FRF are the ratios between the lateral force/torque and the roll input; motion FRF is the ratio between the roll motion of the rider's trunk and the roll input. The biomechanical models of the rider's body that are developed in this work are able to simulate its response both in terms of interaction forces and motion. These models are composed by some rigid bodies with lumped stiffness and damping parameters in the articulations and in this way they represent a good compromise between accuracy and complexity. The biomechanical parameters of the models are identified by means of a genetic algorithm that aims to minimize a penalty function based on the difference between the three FRFs predicted by the model and the measured FRFs. Results show that a 5 degree of freedom model of the rider is able to represent the measured behavior both in terms of interaction forces and trunk motion.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


With Marias' conceptual diagram about metaphysical installation, it is possible another interpretation of the Sebastian Ferron's life, as an unequal fight with his circumstance. It tourns the novel into a social denunciation of Spanish postwar society. Some interpretations for Aun es de dia in the Delibes' narrative consider this novel only as a tentative. However, this study sets it out a new place as a transition novel for its themes. Although its formal faults, Delibes outlines the majority of his literary preoccupations, next to Julian Marias' metaphisycal anthropology (from Ortega y Gasset's vital reason), not to French Christian existentialism.


Abstract Ethnographic photography is a play of mimetic surfaces: skin, cloth, faces, masks; plates, film, prints, papers. Every attempt to undress reality merely adds another thin layer of skin. In developing his film, the photographer is playing with subde and transparent veils. The transparency of the lenses, film and liquids makes it possible for the photographer to discover what Walter Benjamin called the optical unconscious of the subjects automatically and involuntarily reproduced. But unlike the analysis of the instinctive unconscious, photography does not plumb the depths; instead, it captures glittering surfaces, so that when the owner of a camera goes out to hunt images, his prey is similar to that of the hunter not only because the shots of his apparatus put him into a position of power, but also because the booty he collects may end up stuffed like paper skins in the taxidermist's workshop.


Although solvent molecules move about randomly in a liquid, an experiment showed that changing their initial arrangement affected the rate of a chemical process.


There are no high mountains in the Czech Republic and only few of them are higher than 1500 m a.s.l. Nevertheless, skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in this country and has a long history and tradition. During the last two decades, climate change, big differences in snow cover from year to year and unusual warm winter periods causing the snow to melt resulted in visitors to Czech ski resorts going to the Alps. Managers of ski resorts facing this challenge recognised that artificial snow enables skiing throughout the entire season and overcomes the risk posed by climate to the skiing business. However, many ski resorts are located in protected areas and it is difficult to negotiate changes in the rules for preparing and applying artificial snow with conservationists, who are fearful of the negative effects of snowmaking on rare and protected species and habitats. This paper presents results of a case study conducted in the SkiResort CERNA HORA – PEC in the Krkonose National Park throughout the 2019 season. The seasonal changes in the water quality in two reservoirs and six creeks, from which water is used for making artificial snow, were determined in order to assess the risk of this snow adding fertiliser to the meadows on ski slopes. We found that the nutrients recorded in two reservoirs and six creeks were very low. Water quality parameters did not exceed the limits of permissible pollution of surface and drinking water. Several episodic increases in the parameters measured were recorded and the causes discussed. We did not measure the direct effects of artificial snow on grassland communities. However, the use of water from these reservoirs and creeks for snowmaking does not pose a significant risk in terms of adding fertiliser to the meadows on ski slopes. To eliminate these risks and unusual events, several management measures for improving the water regime in the area studied are proposed. To better understand the effect of artificial snow on mountain meadows, permanent plots and long-term monitoring of vegetation, soil invertebrates and soil chemistry are recommended.


Mineralogical, petrographic, paleontological and geochemical studies were carried out to characterize the limestone used as the building stone of the Badia Morronese (XIII century A.D.) near Sulmona (L' Aquila, Italy). Comparison between 19 samples from the monument and 63 samples of formations outcropping around the Valle Peligna, collected from documented, recognizable or suspected quarries and natural outcrops, revealed that the building stone show petrographic characters and fossil content similar to those of the Calcari Cristallini Fm (Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene). The provenance of the stone for the monument from quite small areas is supported by the homogeneity of determined trace element contents and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions, which are substantially close to those of samples collected at Colle Mitra (Sulmona). RIASSUNTO. E stato eseguito uno studio mineralogico, petrografico, paleontologico e geochimico finalizzato alIa caratterizzazione delle rocce calcaree utilizzate nella costruzione della Badia Morronese (XIII sec.), presso Sulmona (L' Aquila). II confronto tra 19 campioni del monumento e 63 campioni delle formazioni affioranti nelle aree circostanti la Valle Peligna, prelevati da antiche cave, presunte zone di


Three-dimensional ultrasound is the most innovating and attracting modality in the field of ultrasound imaging and represents a superb tool to perform an accurate fetal neuroscan. Once the fetal brain has been scanned, it is then possible to "navigate" in the stored volume choosing among the multiple scanning planes on the three orthogonal spatial axes. Last generation 3D equipments have multiple software facilities which are extremely useful to correctly evaluate the fetal brain such as the multiplanar view, the tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI), the volume contrast imaging in the C plane (VCI-C plane), the volume calculation, the surface rendering, the 3D color and power Doppler. Thanks to these imaging modalities it is possible to evaluate the finest anatomical details of the developing brain and to increase the diagnostic accuracy when an abnormal sonographic finding of the fetal brain is recognized during the routine examination.


Fluid is forced across the three layers by the net filtration pressure (NFP) which is equal to the sum of the Starling pressures: NFP = HPGC – HPBC – COPGC, where HPGC and HPBC are the hydrostatic pressures in the glomerular capillary and Bowman's capsule, respectively, and COPGC is the colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillary. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is proportional to the NFP: GFR = Kf 3 NFP, where Kf is the ultrafiltration coefficient (a composite of the surface area available for filtration and the hydraulic conductance of the glomerular membranes). Function of Individual Nephron Segments


Even though serious accidents such as explosion or leakage of poisonous substances have not occurred yet, several cyber-attacks, e.g. Stuxnet, Havex and etc. have been developed to attack industrial control systems (ICS) and succeeded to hinder the operation of industries for long term. These mal wares utilized zero-day exploits and concealment. Although countermeasures against them have been developed, new kinds of cyber-attacks will be developed. It looks a vicious spiral. Especially for ICS, safety should be maintained even if the cyber-attacks utilize unknown vulnerability. In this paper, a systematic approach to design protection systems against cyber-attacks for ICS is proposed. Not only the vulnerabilities of the control network but also properties of the process safety are considered to design and evaluate them. The investment for cyber-security should be proposed according to the seriousness of possible hazards, required security level and budgets. The proposed approach enables the strategic decision making. Moreover, the scenarios of incident responses to care safety and security are discussed.


Four eastern North American taxa are reviewed: (1) Phaneta umbrastriana (Kearfott) [= P. roseoterminana (Kearfott) and P. formosana subcandida (Heinrich)]. (2) P. parmatana (Clemens) [= P. crispana (Clemens), P. kennebecana (Kearfott), P. perfuscana (Heinrich), P. alterana (Heinrich), and P. sinestrigana (McDunnough)]. The different names had been based mostly on slight differences in wing color pattern; such variability is viewed here as reflecting a population rather than a species character. No intraspecific differences in genitalia were found. (3) P. ochrocephala (Walsingham) [= P. imbridana (Fernald)]. The identity of the senior synonym was not previously based on authentic specimens. (4) P. ambodaidaleia Miller n. sp., type locality McClellanville, S.C., is described and compared with P. offectalis (Hulst) and P. umbraticana (Heinrich). In addition, five taxa of the P. radiatana (Walsingham) group are treated synoptically to aid in differentiating P. umbrastriana , another group member.


Objective To find a prewarning method in treating and curing hand-foot-mouth disease,by which medical workers can predistinguish severe cases practically and systematically.The key point of treating and curing can be forward leaded by early intervention.The development of severe acute state can be prevented and curative effect can be improved.Method We adopted a set of self-made tables to use in observation,such as Patriarch Information Leaflet,Assessment Form for Inpatient,Prewarning Index for Severe Cases,et al.Patients were randomly divided into two groups,which were The experimental group(n=850)and the control group(n=900).The patients in the experimental group received prewarning method of severe cases except for general attendance.The patients in the control group only received general attendance.The occurence of severe cases,the complication rates,the average hospital days and the average maintenance fee were compared.Results The occurence of severe cases in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P0.005).The complication rates in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P0.05).The average hospital days and the average maintenance fee in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group(P﹤0.001).Conclusion This prewarning method could predistinguish severe cases of hand-foot-mouth disease.By early intervention,the occurence of severe cases and the complication rates could be cut down effectively and the curative effect is improved.By reducing the hospital days and maintenance fee,medical resources could be saved and the burden of patriarches could be alleviated.


PURPOSE
It is well established that ionizing radiation of cells produces intracellular H2O2 molecules in cells which in turn induces cell death in the forms of apoptosis and necrosis. This study is to quantify the morphological change in cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 and investigate a method of diffraction-imaging-flow-cytometry (DIFC) for rapid assay of cells undergoing apoptosis.

METHODS
Human leukemia cells (HL-60) were cultured at 37degree celsius in humidified 5percent CO2 atmosphere in RPMI1640 with 10percent heat-inactivated FCS. They were divided into six equal portions (one control, five treated with 1.5mM H2O2) and analyzed at post-treatment time of 0h, 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h, respectively, after synchronization through serum deprivation for 6 hours.flow cytometry (FC) analysis: HL-60 cells were stained with AnnexinV-FITC/PI and analyzed by a BD flow cytometer; quantitative morphology analysis: The cells were imaged with an Olympus inverted-fluorescence-microscopy (IVFM) after stained with Hoechst33342 and AnnexinV-FITC/PI. Morphological parameters were extracted and statistically analyzed with Xcellence-Imaging-Workstation; DIFC analysis: The cells were analyzed without any stains in an in-house-developed DIFC system after resuspended with medium. Images were analyzed by GLCM based software to extract feature parameters as the 3D-fingerprint features.

RESULTS
The FC data clearly differentiated the intact cells at each apoptotic stage for the experimental groups. Fig.1 shows the typical triple-staining fluorescence microscopic images at different apoptotic stage. Some morphological parameters are listed in Table1. Fig.2 shows 4 DIFC images of treated cells. The difference between intact/early apoptotic cells and shrinking cells or fragments can be seen clearly.

CONCLUSION
The results show that the texture parameters obtained from DIFC measurements correlate well with morphological changes quantified with conventional FC analysis and microscopic measurement in apoptotic cells, which demonstrates that DIFC can provide fast and label-free tool for the study of various cellular processes with underlying morphological changes.corresponding:email@example.com; National Science Foundation of China(NSFC-81171342,81041107).


Tendon system and the meridian system are two complementary systems,and is relatively independent part of the meridian theory.Previous teaching material think 'the twelve meridian sinews system is connection part of main and collateral channels system in limb peripheral',confusing the two laws against research and application of the tendon and meridian theory.Twelve tendons and twelve meridians accompanied through the lines,are both in the physical interdependence and mutual inluence in the pathology.Tendons and meridians in the physiology,pathology,function,and distribution,there is an organic link,but they are essentially diferent.Understanding and mastering the relationship and similarities and diferences of the tendons and meridians on the structure,physiology and pathology,diagnosis and treatment aspects,has practical and far-reaching signiicance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment level,opening up acupuncture,massage therapy field.


In this work the study of the kinetics of leaching of gold and silver by cyanidation occurs , a source epithermal quartz ore with a gold content of 6.5 g/t. Experimental variables tested were the grinding (70, 80 and 90 % -0,074 mm ) and the cyanide concentration (0,5; 1, 2 g/L). The method used for the determination of gold and silver in the ore feed and tails was melting - fire assay , the concentration of metals (Au and Ag) and impurities in leach solutions were determined by techniques of elemental chemical analysis as (ICP ) mass spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma . The tests were conducted in heavy bottles at room temperature for 24 hours leaching. Ores responded with the cyanide process and the best technology indices obtained for the extraction of gold and silver were milling degree: 90 % -0.074 mm NaCN concentration of 1,0 g/L, and the leaching time was 12 hours. The cyanide and lime consumption was 1,64kg/t and 2,2 kg/t respectively, acceptable for industrial processing of ores values.


The standard approach to combining n expert forecasts involves taking a weighted average. Granger and Ramanathan proposed introducing an intercept term and unnormalized weights. This paper deduces their proposal from Bayesian principles. We find that their formula is equivalent to taking a weighted average of the n expert forecasts plus the decision-maker's prior forecast.


tracd from the escum to the rectum. The small intestine, which was perfectly healthy, was removed, and it was then found that there were numerous thick and strong adhesions between the liver, the diaphragm, and the adjacent viseera. The hepatic fiexure of the colon was also adherent. At this point the colon formed an acute bend, and for a short distance the adjoining parts of the ascending and transverse colon lv in close contact. A strong rounded band that joined the transveise to the ascending colon at a point where they began to diverge was evidently the cause of the acute bend. The colon below the hepatic flexure contained a fair amount of fieces and was of somewhat small calibre. Its mucous membrane was pale and healthy. The small intestine as far as the ileo-coecal valve was also healthy; but the cecum and ascending colon had evidently been subjected to great distension. The diameter was three or four times that of the transverse colon, and its mucous lining was thickened, injected, and covered with a layer of mucus, which had a very offensive smell. There wa no ulceration. The inflamed faded gradually into healthy mucous membrane at the hepatic flexure. The liver was small and very flabby. On section it resembled somewhat the lobular appearance of a pancreas, and was of a brownish-red colour. It did not feel tough like a cirrhotic liver. The gall-bladder was healthy, but the adhesions affected it as well as the rest of the liver. The kidneys were slightly congested, but otherwise healthy. There was no recent peritonitis. There was a little clear luid in the pelvis. The perihepatitis and the band described were the only evidences of old peritonitis that were found. The figure is a diagrammatic sketch of the specimen after its removal, and so arranged as to demonstrate the position of the band.


Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is recurrently mutated in various myeloid neoplasms and its mutations confer poor prognosis. Most of the ASXL1 mutations in myeloid malignancies are frameshift or nonsense mutations, leading to expression of C-terminally truncated form of ASXL1 (ASXL1-MT). Recently, we have demonstrated that monoubiquitination of ASXL1-MT at lysine 351 plays an important role in enhancing the catalytic activity of BAP1, resulting in reduction of H2AK119ub and upregulation of posterior HOXA genes to promote myeloid leukemogenesis (Asada et al. Nat commun. 2018). However, roles of other post-translational modifications of ASXL1 including phosphorylation remain to be elucidated.
 In this study, we performed nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS) and found that ASXL1 was phosphorylated at multiple serine (S) and threonine (T) residues including S503 residue, the major phosphorylated site of ASXL1. We generated an antibody that specifically recognizes phosphorylated S503 of ASXL1, and showed that CDK1/2 phosphorylated both wildtype ASXL1 and ASXL1-MT. However, phosphorylation status of ASXL1-MT at serine 503 did not affect its oncogenic activity. Thus, we considered the possibility that phosphorylations of other residues would compensate the effects of phosphorylation of ASXL1-MT at serine 503. Using public database and our data from mass spectrometry, we found additional five S/T residues containing a CDK phosphorylation motif (S/T-P). We then established a non-phosphomimetic mutant form of ASXL1-MT (ASXL1-MT-6A) whose six S/T residues were substituted to alanine.
 To compare the oncogenic functions between ASXL1-MT-6A and ASXL1-MT, we first assessed the impact of these mutants on differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Expression of ASXL1-MT-6A more strongly impaired differentiation of human CD34+ cord blood (CB) cells towards granulocytes and erythrocytes than that of ASXL1-MT. These effects of ASXL1-MT-6A on differentiation block were also observed in HL-60 cells. Next, we assessed the impact of phosphorylation of ASXL1-MT on its leukemogenic functions using RUNX1-ETO and N-Ras G12V-induced leukemia models, because RUNX1-ETO fusion or N-Ras mutations frequently coexist with ASXL1 mutations in patients with myeloid neoplasms. In agreement with our previous report, expression of ASXL1-MT enhanced proliferation of RUNX1-ETO expressing CB cells. ASXL1-MT-6A showed the stronger growth promoting effect than ASXL1-MT in RUNX1-ETO expressing CB cells in vitro by inhibiting apoptosis and progressing cell cycle. Moreover, ASXL1-MT-6A induced more rapid development of myeloid leukemia driven by N-Ras G12V than ASXL1-MT in vivo. ASXL1-MT-6A induced upregulation of Hoxa5, Hoxa7 and Hoxa9 more strongly than ASXL1-MT in myeloid progenitor cells. These data indicated that ASXL1-MT-6A is an active form of ASXL1-MT.
 Mechanistically, cycloheximide chasing assay revealed that ASXL1-MT-6A had increased protein stability than ASXL1-MT. Furthermore, cell cycle synchronization and immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that degradation of ASXL1 protein began at early M phase by interacting with Cdc20, one of the coactivators of anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in regulating cell cycle progression. Overexpression of Cdc20 promoted degradation of ASXL1, whereas depletion of Cdc20 using CRISPR-Cas9 system increased expression of ASXL1. These biochemical features were also observed for ASXL1-MT. Intriguingly, ASXL1-MT-6A showed resistance to degradation induced by APC/CCdc20. Therefore, CDK-mediated phosphorylation of ASXL1-MT triggers its degradation induced by APC/CCdc20.
 Collectively, we demonstrated that stability and leukemogenic functions of ASXL1-MT are regulated by CDK-mediated phosphorylation. Dynamics of protein degradation of ASXL1-MT triggered by phosphorylation and ubiquitination could be targets for therapeutic interventions of myeloid neoplasms harboring an ASXL1 mutation.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Cellulose has been reported as a smart material that can be used as sensors and actuators. The cellulose smart material is termed as Electro-active paper (EAPap), which is made by regenerating cellulose. However, regeneration of cellulose resulted in reduced performance output of actuators at low humidity levels. To solve this drawback, EAPap bending actuators were made by activating wet cellulose films in three different room temperature ionic liquids BMIPF6, BMICL and BMIBF4. Results showed that the actuator performance was dependent on the type of anions in the ionic liquids and it was in the order of BF4¯ > Cl¯ > PF6¯. BMIBF4 activated actuator showed the maximum displacement of 3.8 mm with low electrical power consumption at relatively low humidity level. Also, it found that, although size of PF6¯ anion is larger than BF4¯ anion it showed the low displacement output due to poor adsorption as indicated the FTIR analysis.


These two men – the statesman ruling Athens in her glory, and the philosopher of the man-measure dictum, the 'first humanist' as he has been called – are on anyone's reckoning two of the greatest of European history. They not only knew each other, but appear to have been friends. Ehrenberg managed to spin a whole book out of what he imagined was the friendly relationship between Pericles and Sophocles, even though there is no evidence that they liked each other, and indeed positive evidence that they did not. For the only two anecdotes relating any communication between them (both to do with Sophocles' fondness for young boys) suggest that Pericles rather resented having the playwright as a fellow general on the military expedition they made against Samos in 440.


We investigated the relationship between myocardial oxidative stress and cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) compared with acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: In 10 TC patients and 10 AMI patients, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization were conducted, and plasma catecholamines and urinary (U) 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage were taken for one week from onset. Results: On admission, the coronary sinus (CS) had significantly higher norepinephrine (NE) and 8-OHdG levels than the aortic root (Ao) and peripheral blood vessels. Circulating catecholamines in TC patients tended to be higher than those in AMI patients; especially, peripheral plasma NE levels (day 1) in patients with TC were significantly higher than those in patients with AMI. TC patients had elevated U-8-OHdG in parallel with elevated NE, whereas, AMI patients had U-8-OHdG level that decreased to almost normal range within one week. On day 1, in patients with TC, serum 8-OHdG differences (CS vs Ao) and U-8-OHdG increased proportionally with the wall-motion score as an index of LV dysfunction, whereas serum NE (CS vs Ao) did not. Conclusion: Myocardial oxidative stress induced by cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity may play a critical role in transient LV dysfunction in TC.


The composite films of Ge SiO 2,Si SiO 2 and AlSiO films were prepared by rf co sputtering method from a composite target in argon atmosphere. The structure of the films was studied by the aid of TEM and XRD. Quantum confinement effect was observed in the films by measurements of absorption spectrum of Ge SiO 2 films. The widening of optical band gap of the amorphous films seems to be related to the function of the quantum confinement on the impurities or defects in the films.


Recently significant progress has been made on point-to-point underwater acoustic communications, and the interest has grown on the application of those techniques in multiuser communication settings, where the asynchronous nature of multiuser communication poses a grand challenge. This paper develops a time-asynchronous multiuser reception approach for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions in underwater acoustic channels. The received data burst is segmented and apportioned to multiple processing units in an overlapped fashion, where the length of the processing unit depends on the maximum asynchronism among users on the OFDM block level. Interference cancellation is adopted to reduce the interblock interference between overlapped processing units. Within each processing unit, the residual inter-block interference from multiple users is aggregated as one external interference which can be parameterized. Multiuser channel estimation, data detection, and interference mitigation are then carried out in an iterative fashion. Simulation and emulated experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed receiver with signal asynchronism among multiple users in both time-invariant and time-varying environments. It is observed that the receiver decoding performance degrades as the channel time variation and the maximum relative delay among users increase.


Abstract 243 Susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumonia, is well known in sickle cell disease (SCD). Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly used in adults and children with SCD, but, little is known about the effects of HU on immune function in SCD and recommendations for immunization are lacking. As HU reversibly inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, causing cell cycle arrest at the G1-S interface, we postulated that HU might delay the transition from naive to memory T cells, resulting in a delay in immunologic maturation, with deleterious effects on vaccine responses; therefore, T cell subsets, including conversion of naive to memory T cells and antibody (Ab) responses to pneumococcal (Pnu), measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations were studied during the BABY HUG Trial of HU for infants and toddlers with SCD. Methods: Blood was collected for measurement of: T cell subsets at entry (9–18 mos of age), age 24 mo and exit after 2 yrs of treatment; Pnu Ab levels were measured (by EIA after preabsorption with C-polysaccharide) at entry, before and 2–8 wks after 23-valent polysaccharide (PS) PCV23 vaccine at age 24 mo, and exit; and MMR antibodies at entry, 1–10 weeks after MMR at age 12 mo, age 24 mo and exit. Results: Of the 193 subjects in BABY HUG, T cell subsets were available for 91 HU and 88 placebo (PL) subjects. At entry, there were no significant differences in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), or % or absolute T cell subsets between the HU and PL groups. At age 24 mo, both groups had an age-related decline in ALC, with significant differences between the HU and PL groups in ALC (5740 vs. 7323/mm 3 ; p=0.003), absolute CD4 cells (1912 vs. 2247/mm 3 ; p=0.022) and memory CD4 cells (392 vs. 487/mm 3 ; p=0.003). The same pattern was seen at exit for ALC (4836 vs. 5764/mm 3 ; p=0.015), absolute CD4 cells (1510 vs. 1747/mm 3 ; p=0.043) and memory CD4 cells (360 vs. 444/mm 3 ; p=0.003). IgG Ab levels to Pnu antigens were measured at entry [after 3 doses of PS/protein conjugate (PC) PCV7 containing Pnu PS type 26 (6B), but not 51 (7F)], before and after immunization with PS PCV23 vaccine at 24 mo, and at exit, with no significant differences between the HU and PL groups in mean Ab levels at any time point for either serotype (Fig 1&2). For those immunized with MMR prior to study treatment, there were no differences in % immune for measles, mumps, or rubella between the HU and PL groups at any time point. For 40 HU and 38 PL subjects immunized after starting study treatment, there was a smaller % of HU-treated children with protective response to measles vaccine 1 – 10 wks after immunization [HU 71.4% (10/14) vs. PL 100% (24/24); p=0.014]. Response to mumps [HU 78.6% (11/14) vs. PL 91.7% (22/24)] and rubella [HU 66.7% (10/15) vs. PL 92% (23/25)] vaccines showed similar trends, but no statistical significance. The HU vs. PL difference in failure of response to at least one vaccine virus was of similar significance (p = 0.021) to that of measles alone. By age 24 mo, there were no significant differences in response to MMR (89.7 to 100%). Mean Ab levels to measles and rubella were also significantly lower in the HU group 1–10 wks after immunization (p=0.005 and p=0.011, respectively). Conclusions: HU given to infants and young children with SCD causes a reduction in ALC, CD4 T cell and memory T cell counts. Additional monitoring of HU-treated children with SCD for these and related T cell parameters is warranted until the biological effects on immunity are known with certainty. Response to Pnu vaccine was not affected by HU therapy, suggesting that there is no increased risk for Pnu sepsis in infants and children with SCD treated with HU, consistent with the clinical results in the BABY HUG trial. Although the sample was small, a delay in achieving protective measles Ab levels was seen in the HU group, and possibly for mumps and rubella. This delay cannot be estimated precisely, due to study design, but Ab levels to all 3 viruses were similar at exit, indicating that effective immunization can be achieved despite HU use. For endemic or local epidemics of measles, mumps, rubella or other pathogens requiring immunization, adherence to recommended accelerated immunization schedules will be especially important for children with SCD treated with HU. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Off-label use of hydroxyurea in infants and children. Casella: Adventrx: Consultancy, Research Funding.


AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionSetting the Scene: Shanghai and Shenzhen in the Early Reform PeriodThe Establishment of Secondary MarketsThe Participation of International InvestorsThe Role of Mutual Funds and Other Institutional InvestorsAfter the Fifteenth National Congress: Increasing Reversal to CapitalismProblems and Dilemmas


Aim44p undergoes septin-dependent localization to the actomyosin ring and regulates contractile ring closure and the abundance, phosphorylation, and dynamics of Hof1p, a regulator of actomyosin ring closure. It also interacts directly with Hof1p. Thus Aim44p is a novel regulator of contractile ring closure in budding yeast.


This paper presents an approach for robust automatic recognition of a speaker's emotional states using a combination of prosody features (i.e. Pitch period, Short time energy and Short time zero crossings), quality feature (i.e. Formant frequencies) and the derived feature (i.e. MFCC -Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients). Multilevel Support Vector Machine classifier is used for identification of four discrete emotional states namely boredom, anger, happy and sad for English language in Indian accent. The database was created by recording speeches of ten selected individuals who spoke sentences in all the four emotions. The experiment was carried out using both one versus all and one versus one methods of classification. The experiment was repeated using various kernel functions and by varying the feature vector length. The experiment aims at finding the kernel (such as linear, Gaussian radial basis function, multi-layer perceptron, polynomial and quadratic functions) and the feature vector length to get optimum results for the classification of each emotion.


In computational electromagnetics, we consider preconditioning techniques combined with the Krylov iterative methods to solve large dense linear systems, where the coefficient matrix are complex-valued matrix arising from discretizd hybrid integral equations. Due to its easy implementation, the block diagonal preconditioner has been used to accelerate the convergence rate of Krylov iterative methods. Previous studies indicate that, in some cases, the block diagonal preconditioner makes the convergence more slowly or even diverges. In this paper, we propose a new block preconditioner based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) to stabilize the inverse of the diagonal blocks. We construct the SVD stabilized block preconditioner by applying SVD to each individual block generated from the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). Our experimental results show that the SVD stabilized block preconditioner reduces the number of iterations compared with the block diagonal preconditioner and reduce the overall CPU time.


o-Nitrobenzenesulfenamides (1) undergo acid-catalyzed methanolysis (eq 2) in acetonitre-methanol, affording methyl o-nitrobenzenesulfenate (2). They also undergo acid-catalyzed reaction with a thiol, giving an alkyl o-nitrophenyl disulfide (eq 3). In MeCN-8.2 M MeOH the thiolysis reaction exhibits a simple first-order dependence on both [R'SH] and [H + ] for acid concentrations in the range 0.001-0.012 M. In marked contrast the rate of the methanolysis reaction is only slightly dependent on [H + ] for the same range of acid concentrations


Product quality, an important determinant of sales, market share and return on investment, has been cited in the popular press as a major factor in the success of foreign produced consumer products sold in U.S. Using data that span twenty years and among products imported from seven countries. Findings from both the quantity gap between the U.S. and foreign consumer products has not changed to the extent typically hypothesizd. Japanese durables, though above average in quality, are not outstanding and are priced higher than expected.


THE INVENTION IS TO A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A PRINCIPLE AS ACTIVE polyprenyl COMPOUND SELECTED FROM COMPOUNDS polyprenyl ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) WHERE AND A B REPRESENT EACH ATOM HYDROGEN OR A AND B ARE COMBINED TOGETHER TO FORM A BINDING AND N IS A WHOLE NUMBER 1 TO 10.


The purpose of this study was to compare surface hardness between titanium-nitride coated crowns (TiNCs) and stainless steel crowns (SSCs), and to evaluate the corrosion resistance and color sustainability of TiNCs. Ten TiNCs and 10 SSCs were used for the hardness test. Measurement was performed 30 times for each type of crowns, and the mean values were compared. Metallic raw material plates (before being processed into crowns) of TiNCs and SSCs were prepared for the corrosion resistance test. The total amounts of metal ion releases in the test solution were detected by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Five TiNCs were subjected to the color sustainability test by applying repetitive brushing forces. The mean hardness values of TiNC group and SSC group were 395.53 ± 105.90 Hv and 278.70 ± 31.45 Hv respectively. Hardness of TiNCs were significantly higher than that of SSCs. The total amounts of metal ion releases from the materials of TiNCs and SSCs satisfied the criterion in International Organization for Standardization 22674. The results mean that TiNCs and SSCs were not harmful in an acidic environment. The golden coating was stable against the repetitive physical stimulations for a given period time.


The present invention provides an adhesive composition with a slide rail, said slide rail adhesive composition rail mounting workability on a vehicle body in a remarkably excellent, and further having a strong adhesive force after heating, the magnetic force can be reduced, even after heating to room temperature recovery can maintain a strong adhesive force and the slide is firmly fixed to the vehicle body, and when the switch is possible to reduce the volume of the shutter sound. The slide rail adhesive composition containing a hot-melt adhesive composition and a ferromagnetic material, wherein the composition is Density 20 ℃ 1.4 ~ 4.5g / cm3, and has a magnetism: a magnetic force at a position away from the molding composition to give the surface of the adhesive sheet is 10mT than 1cm.


Taking the computer composition principle experiment as an example,from some aspects such as experimental methods,contents arrangement,organization forms,many kinds of teaching method,multivariated system of examining and assessment,this article did some research and exploration to promote the experimental quality of teaching.


The article analyses the process of the NATO enlargement after 1990. It starts by a detailed analysis of the secret negotiations which have been started just after the end of the Cold War. In the light of the institutional liberalism, the NATO enlargement is a positive process which satisfied especially new member states. But in the light of the American neorealism, this process resulted into profound changes in the balance of the security threats and into a large militarisation and tension at the new Eastern frontier of NATO in a direct neighbourhood with the Russia. New military units with the modern arms systems are deployed over there and we are witnessing a growing number of dangerous military incidents. As a result, the contemporary situation needs new political negotiations between two competitors and a shift from the contemporary negative Peace towards the positive Peace.


A natural red food pigment was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The constituents were identified by thin-layerchromatography and in comparison with standard substance as 5 Tanshinone: tanshinoneIIA cryptotanshinone dihydrotanshinoneⅠ methylenetanshinquinone and tanshinoneⅠ. Several extraction methods and purification techniques of tanshen red pigmentfrom Salvia miltiorrhiza were compared and selected. The extracting conditions of tanshen red pigment were studied by using theextracting rate, cost, and absorbance as indices with orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum parameterswere: alcohol reflux extraction three times, 1h at a time, and V(75%alcohol):m(tanshen)=5:1. The optimum purification methodwas:acetidin extraction. These researches provided the academic basis and direction for the use and exploitation of the tanshenred pigment.


The study was based on primary data collected from 110 randomly selected farmers of Ater block of Bhind district of Madhya Pradesh. In this study, an attempt was made to find out the information needs of mustard growers. The result of the study revealed that most of the mustard growers have high information needs. The study further indicates that education, landholding, annual income, social participation, risk preference, farming experience, utilization of different source of information, knowledge and adoption behaviour were found to be positively corelated with information need.


Abstract In this paper, a new methodology is applied to optimize the geometry of conductors of overhead transmission lines (TL) with high precision and low computational cost. This methodology is based on the sensitivity analysis of the electrical charge of the transmission lines using the adjoint method. This information is used with the gradient method and the golden section algorithm to minimize the electric field at the ground level of three-phase TL with two cables per phase. The approximation using central finite differences to obtain sensitivity is adopted for validation and comparisons. The TL's with high surge impedance loading is obtained after the optimization process.


The new age world, which has become part of our lives, is a world of rapid innovations and changing technologies. These changes bring new opportunities for organizations to exchange information, news, ideas, and work. Attracting and retaining best of employees has become the most crucial tactical problems for the people's department of companies all over the world. In the current scenario of high competition, the internet has substantially converted the features of recruitment and selection procedure of the businesses. The chapter presents an exploratory research on the impact of social media on recruitment in new age organizations.


The trace (A), maximum average prediction variance (G), and integrated average prediction variance (V) criteria are experimental design evaluation criteria, which are based on precision of estimates of parameters and responses. Central Composite Designs (CCD) conducted within a split-plot structure (split-plot CCDs) consists of factorial (f), whole-plot axial (α), subplot axial (β), and center (c) points, each of which play different role in model estimation. This work studies relative A-, Gand V-efficiency losses due to missing pairs of observations in split-plot CCDs under different ratios (d) of whole-plot and sub-plot error variances. Three candidate designs of different sizes were considered and for each of the criteria, relative efficiency functions were formulated and used to investigate the efficiency of each of the designs when some observations were missing relative to the full one. Maximum A-efficiency losses of 19.1, 10.6, and 15.7% were observed at d = 0.5, due to missing pairs ff, ββ, and fβ, respectively, indicating a negative effect on the precision of estimates of model parameters of these designs. However, missing observations of the pairscc, αα, αc, fc, and fα did not exhibit any negative effect on these designs' relative A-efficiency. Maximum Gand Vefficiency losses of 10.1,16.1,0.1% and 0.1, 1.1, 0.2%, were observed, respectively, at d = 0.5, when the pairsff, ββ, cc, were missing, indicating a significant increase in the designs' maximum and average variances of prediction. In all, the efficiency losses become insignificant as d increases. Thus, the study has identified the positive impact of correlated observations on efficiency of experimental designs. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i2.16 Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Yakubu and Chukwu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dates: Received: 12 December 2020; Revised: 26 January 2021; Accepted: 12 February 2021


This paper studies spectrum optimization of four-package LEDs to improve performance of light sources with respect to properties such as luminous efficacy and colour rendering as well as luminous efficacy of radiation under photopic and mesopic conditions and circadian efficacy of radiation for non-visual biological effects. For colour mixing of four-package LEDs, the proportion of each LED in the package follows a linear relationship as does luminous efficacy. For optimization of luminous efficacy of radiation and circadian efficacy of radiation, an inverse proportion function model is proposed. An example of spectrum optimization for a four-package LED shows that by using the proposed model, high performance can be achieved with different weighting coefficients for different applications.


We report the experimental verification of an alternative method to the conventional least squares fit method for obtaining the phase of real interferograms, making an automatical polynomial fitting on exprimental data in accurate form. The process can be realized solving an optimization problem using an evolutionary algorithm, where the solution to the irradiance equation should be considered like an inverse problem and an objective function should be minimized. In this work we review the fundamental concepts comparing the performance of the least squares fit method and the evolutionary algorithm used in the experimental interferogram analysis.


The paper analyzes the development of super-high-rise of buildings,analyzes the factors affecting the cost control of the program,and points out some cost control measures from the mapping,contract,materials,mechanics,and sites,so as to enhance the investment and social benefits of construction enterprises.


The focus of this research is the effectiveness of the Village Health Post Program (POSKESDES) in Warungceuri Village, Nyangkowek Village, Cicurug District, Sukabumi Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Village Health Post Program (POSKESDES) in Warungceuri Village, Nyangkowek Village, Cicurug District, Sukabumi Regency. The theory used is the theory of effectiveness according to Sutrisno and Budiani with indicators of effectiveness, namely understanding the program, being on target, being on time for the amount of program achieved, the real change being, program socialization, and the program. The method used is descriptive quantitative. The population of this study is the community of Nyangkowek Village who are users of the POSKESDES program with a total sample of 184 people. The sampling technique used is proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out through statistical testing of SPSS version 24. The results obtained in this study were 75% and included in the effective category. Suggestions in this study are to further improve the socialization program, supervise program implementation, implement new cadres and involve the community directly and carry out skills training in implementing programs for old cadres and prospective cadres.


1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important bulk chemical widely used in the polyester and polyurethane industry. The selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to value-added 1,3-PDO is extremely attractive. However, the formation of 1,3-PDO is less thermodynamically stable than 1,2-PDO, and the steric hindrance effect in the reaction process makes the highly selective production of 1,3-PDO a great challenge. In this mini review, the recent research progress on the selective catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-PDO is overviewed and the catalytic mechanism of the reaction is summarized. We mainly focus on the different performances of each type of catalyst (Pt-W-based catalysts, Ir-Re based-catalysts, and other types) as well as the interactions between metals and supports. Finally, several personal perspectives on the opportunities and challenges within this promising field are discussed.


The effect of thickness on the width of the percolation threshold in metal-dielectric composite films was examined. The distribution of current intensities through cubic networks of metal and dielectric components was determined using Kirchhoff's equations. From the tail of current distribution, the width of the percolation threshold was defined using Levy statistics, and determined as a function of the film thickness for a system size 100. In the 2D-3D crossover region, the percolation width decreases as a power-law with a power exponent of $ 0.36\pm 0.01$.


A theory of characteristic modes for material bodies, both with and without losses, is developed. For loss-free bodies, the modes consist of a set of real characteristic sources which diagonalize the generalized network matrix for the body, and a set of characteristic fields which diagonalize the scattering matrix. Most of the properties of these modes remain the same as those of the corresponding modes for perfectly conducting bodies. For lossy bodies, the corresponding modes have complex characteristic sources. However, in the lossy case there also exists a set of real characteristic sources which diagonalize the generalized network matrix, but their fields do not diagonalize the scattering matrix.


High-resolution, grazing incidence, X-ray powder diffraction has been used to probe the strain dispersion (microstrain) and diffracting, domain size as a function of depth in alumina and alumina–silicon carbide nanocomposite. The microstrain was high, and of similar magnitude, below ground surfaces in both materials but declined much more rapidly with distance from the surface in the pure alumina than in the nanocomposite. The depth over which significant microstrain was observed was in good agreement with previous measurement of dislocation density by transmission electron microscopy. In neither case was there a systematic trend in diffracting domain size with depth. The strain dispersion at the surface was reduced to that in the bulk of the nanocomposite on annealing, the value being almost constant with depth while the diffracting domain size changed significantly, resulting in a linear decrease as the surface was approached. We suggest that the increase in the strength of the nanocomposite is associated both with a macrostrain oriented normal to the grinding direction and the greater depth of propagation of the microstrain. Further strength increase on annealing must be associated with the observed reduction of both these types of strain.


Introduction The rate of technological innovation in procedural total knee arthroplasty has left little time for critical evaluation of a new technology before the adoption of even newer modalities. With more drastic financial restrictions being placed on operating room spending, orthopaedic surgeons are now required to provide excellent results on a budget. It is integral that both clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these intraoperative technologies be fully understood in order to provide patients with effectual, economically conscious care. The purpose of this qualitative analysis of literature was to evaluate clinical and economic efficacy of the three most prominent technologies currently used in TKA: computer navigation, patient-specific instrumentation, and kinetic sensors. Methods Three hundred and ninety one publications were collected; 100 were included in final qualitative analysis. Criteria for inclusion in the analysis was defined only insofar as that each piece assessed one of the above listed aspects of the three technologies Literature included in the final evaluation contained background information on each respective technology, clinical outcomes, revision rates, and/or cost analyses. All comparisons were conducted in a strictly qualitative manner, and no attempts were made to conduct interstudy statistical analyses due to the high level of variability in methodology and data collected. Results Navigation Navigation was designed to reduce alignment and component positioning outliers. Many surgeons have argued that its results are no better than that achieved by manual techniques. Some studies have shown that clinical outcomes have improved in navigated TKA patients, but an abundance of research suggests that this is not the case. In consideration of the expense of this technology, coupled with inconclusive results, navigation does not, at this time, seem to fit the schema for significantly reducing the rate of revision and operative cost. PSI Patient-specific instrumentation was designed to reduce the expense of navigation systems, simplify computer-assisted methods, and improve functional outcomes. However, a majority of research has suggested that PSI is either no better, or even worse, at alignment accuracy than manual techniques. Very few publications have been able to attest to any significant increase in functional outcomes scores of PSI patients, over the scores of navigation or manual TKA. Kinetic Sensors Kinetic sensor technology has been engineered to quantify soft-tissue balance, improve rotational alignment, and decrease the risk of post-operative complications. Albeit a young device, the sparse literature that exists shows promising results. The margin of error for detecting loads has been shown to be low, the sensors have successfully measured subtle imbalance that leads to altered gait kinematics, and has shown significant improvement in several patient-reported outcomes measures in balanced patients. Discussion This review shows that not all modalities are created equal, and demonstrates that the cost of some technologies may not yield a clinical or time-saving payoff for the patient and hospital. While kinetic sensor devices seem to be the most promising modality, more research will be necessary to confirm its advantages over time. But, great care must be taken when adopting any novel technology; "new" does not always mean "improved".


An intruder seeks to match a microdata file to an external file using a record linkage technique. The identification risk is defined as the probability that a match is correct. The nature of this probability and its estimation is explored. Some connections are made to the literature on disclosure risk based on the notion of population uniqueness.


We propose to perform measurements of the ratio R = σ L /σ T of longitudinal to transverse cross sections in pion electroproduction. Our emphasis will be on measurements in the so-called semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering region, with extensions into the exclusive region. Whereas inclusive scattering can not distinguish between the quark flavor, there is great promise in flavor decompositions of regular parton distributions through semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and of generalized parton distributions through deep exclusive scattering. For the latter, the ratio R = σ L /σ T asymptotically scales like Q 2 , the four-momentum transfer squared, at fixed Bjorken x. For the former, the ratio R is assumed to be similar to that of deep inelastic scattering. Surprisingly, the latter assumption has never been thoroughly checked. Obviously, with less and less energy available to produce mesons, as is the case close to the exclusive limit (where the elasticity z → 1), this assumption must locally fail. In fact, the ratio R for semi-inclusive pion electroproduction may at low energies depend on z, Q 2 , or p T , the transverse pion momentum. To measure this behavior, for the first time, is the subject of this proposal, for which we request 40 days of beam time. The proposed measurements are both of fundamental and of practical value: They will allow us to study the inclusive-exclusive connection in pion electroproduction, a process where duality has recently been shown to be valid, and are a sine qua non for the interpretation of flavor decomposition by semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at a 12-GeV JLab (and other low-energy facilities). We will detect charged pions (π ±) in coincidence with scattered electrons from semi-inclusive (e, e π) reaction on LH2 and LD2 targets at energies 6.6, 8.8 and 11.0 GeV, and beam currents of 50 µA. The Hall C HMS spectrometer and the projected SHMS with its first-generation detector package will be used for electron and meson detection.


Quantum mechanical tunneling across smooth double barrier potentials is modeled using Gaussian functions and is analyzed numerically and by using the WKB approximation. The transmission probability, resonances as a function of incident particle energy, and their dependence on the barrier parameters are obtained for various cases. We also discuss the tunneling time, for which we obtain generalizations of the known results for rectangular barriers.


Objective-To confirm the limits of previous comfort prediction models based on seat pressure distribution data and find occupants' own sitting strategy in vehicle and the effects of different package layout data on sitting posture. Method-Pressure distribution data were measured about 40 subjects under condition of each three packages; represent the seat package layout about sedan, coupe and SUV. In tests, subjects adjusted seat position, back and cushion angle and lumbar support prominence height using all controllers in mounted seat on mock-up. Results-Based on measured pressure distribution data, this study classified sitting strategy as lumbar, dorsal and dorsal scapular strategy. And, there are no significant changes six pressure ratio obtained by division of seat area under condition of different package layout (P>0.01). Conclusion-Occupants have their own sitting strategy and it's affected on package layout data. It need to develop new posture prediction model based on sitting strategy for increasing usability of pressure distribution and more precise posture prediction.


OpenGL is widely used in many industrial application fields as a powerful 3D graphics library. Especially, it plays important roles in displaying the visualization emulation model of digital cores. In this paper, according to the practical demands of projects, we conduct a thorough research on displaying 3D visual models of the pore structure and the skeleton structure of digital cores using OpenGL application library. Actual applications indicate that the idea of this paper is feasible and it holds the keys to scientific research of digital cores.


The scalaron dark mater in F(R) gravity theory can decay into pairs of massive neutrino. We calculate the corresponding decay width and the current neutrino abundance and spectrum in the universe. The obtained neutrino flux turns out to be very small compared to the solar neutrino flux at Earth at similar energies.


Rules having rare exceptions may be interpreted as assertions of high conditional probability. In other words, a rule If X then Y may be interpreted as meaning that Pr(Y |X) ≈ 1. A general approach to reasoning with such rules, based on second-order probability, is advocated. Within this general approach, different reasoning methods are needed, with the selection of a specific method being dependent upon what knowledge is available about the relative sizes, across rules, of upper bounds on each rule's exception probabilities Pr(¬Y |X). A method of reasoning, entailment with universal near surety, is formulated for the case when no information is available concerning the relative sizes of upper bounds on exception probabilities. Any conclusion attained under these conditions is robust in the sense that it will still be attained if information about the relative sizes of exception probability bounds becomes available. It is shown that reasoning via entailment with universal near surety is equivalent to reasoning in a particular type of argumentation system having the property that when two subsets of the rule base conflict with each other, the effectively more specific subset overrides the other. As stepping stones toward attaining this argumentation result, theorems are proved characterizing entailment with universal near surety in terms of upper envelopes of probability measures, upper envelopes of possibility measures, and directed graphs. In addition, various attributes of entailment with universal near surety, including property inheritance, are examined.


In India, the most important diseases transmitting mosquitoes belong to the genera Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Mansonia. The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides creates multifarious problems like environmental pollution, global warming, insecticide resistance and is hazardous to humans. In the present study, bacterial pesticide, Bacillus sphaericus a soil dwelling bacteria, isolated from the sludge samples collected from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India cultured with required substrates and used to control the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Bioassay was conducted to test the larval toxicity, fecundity and mosquito longevity. LC50 and LC90 values were calculated for the larval instars of the malaria vector, A. stephensi. The fecundity and adult longevity were highly reduced after the treatment with B. sphaericus. Field trials were also conducted in different breeding sites of A. stephensi with different range of temperature and altitude. Percentage reduction of larval population was maximum (100%) at 96 h of treatment. Toxicity efficacy of B. sphaericus was varied according to the temperature and altitude of the study area. The bacterial pesticide B. sphaericus proved that it is an effective mosquito control agent and can be used for further integrated pest management programmes.


The Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance at 200 feet (LPV-200) is a set of procedures for aircraft precision approaches down to 200 feet (61 metres). With the modernised GPS and emerging GNSS constellations, it is aimed to globally fulfil requirements of LPV-200 with integrity monitoring by the years 2020-2025. This will support the use of GNSS as a supplementary (and ultimately a primary) means for aircraft navigation. In this study, the current capability of the Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) approach in Western Australia (WA) is investigated. Two cases are considered, the first when using GPS alone and the second when augmenting GPS satellites with the current regional BeiDou constellation. The LPV-200 requirements are first reviewed. Next, the ARAIM methodology is discussed. Allocations of different cases of integrity faults using GPS and GPS+BeiDou are proposed. Testing of ARAIM over WA included two parts; the first part investigates availability of ARAIM using GPS only. The data used were collected at six IGS stations close to main airports in the region. Due to BeiDou data availability, testing of its actual data with GPS data was only performed at one site. Results show that the current GPS constellation alone does not fulfil LPV-200 requirements in WA. However, using BeiDou with GPS improves availably of ARAIM and its integrity performance.


Abstract : This research focused on developing a mathematical framework and the associated methods for effects-based military plan modeling and evaluation. Specifically, we first introduced a unified probabilistic framework based on the Dynamic Influence Diagram to systematically represent the causal relationships between actions and their effects, their interactions, their uncertainties, and their dynamics. We then developed advanced machine learning methods to automatically construct such a model for a given campaign and to learn the model parameters from both the training data and the available qualitative domain knowledge. Given the framework, we developed efficient inference methods to quickly evaluate each plan to identify the optimal plan. This research also includes the development of a user-friendly prototype software to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods for military plan modeling and evaluation. The software can produce a model for a military campaign, automatically learn the model structure and parameters, evaluate various possible plans, and identify the one that best meets the campaign objective.


Over the past few years it has been pointed out that direct inversion of accurate but approximate ground state densities leads to Kohn–Sham exchange–correlation (xc) potentials that can differ significantly from the exact xc potential of a given system. On the other hand, the corresponding wavefunction based construction of exchange-correlation potential as done by Baerends et al and Staroverov et al obviates such problems and leads to potentials that are very close to the true xc potential. In this paper, we provide an understanding of why the wavefunction based approach gives the exchange–correlation potential accurately. Our understanding is based on the work of Levy, Perdew and Sahni (LPS) who gave an equation for the square root of density (density amplitude) and the expression for the associated effective potential in the terms of the corresponding wavefunction. We show that even with the use of approximate wavefunctions the LPS expression gives accurate effective and exchange–correlation potentials. Based on this we also identify the source of difference between the potentials obtained from a wavefunction and those given by the inversion of the associated density. Finally, we suggest exploring the possibility of obtaining accurate ground-state density from an approximate wavefunction for a system by making use of the LPS effective potential.


Subject : EXPLORING THE OPPURTUNITIES OF A FIVE STAR HOTEL IN SURABAYA Subject Alt : EXPLORING THE OPPURTUNITIES OF A FIVE STAR HOTEL IN SURABAYA Keyword : : EXPLORING THE OPPURTUNITIES Description : The Indonesian economic growth in the last five years is so fast.The dominant sector are increasing in industrial and trading,especially for non-oil exports.Average annually increase of investment for industrial sector during the period about 13 percent,and 18.2 percent for non-oil ecports.The hotel sector to get the positive impact of those business activity growing.


In this paper we collect some known information on the small uncountable cardinal $\mathfrak q_0$ defined as the smallest cardinality of a subset $A$ of the real line which fails to be a $Q$-set and hence contains a subset $B\subset A$ which is not of type $F_\sigma$ in $A$. We write down the proof of a folklore result that $\mathfrak p\le\mathfrak q_0\le\mathfrak b$ and refer to a result of Alan Dow on the consistency of the strict inequalities $\mathfrak p<\mathfrak q_0$ and $\mathfrak q_0<\mathfrak b$.


Over the past few years there has been growing interest in the study of leadership
styles and organisational culture. Internal issues and external environment challenge
the leadership of manufacturing organisations, Scarborough(2001). The focus of the research was to gain insight into the transformational leadership of manufacturing
organisations. Although leadership scholars have generated a significant stream of
research on transformational leadership, there has been a lack of attention to the
specific features in the context of transformational leadership such as contingency theories, attribution theory, and organisational culture. The study investigates the effects of transformational leadership on situational determinants and organisational culture in manufacturing organisations in Pakistan. Podsakoff et al, (1990) a 23-item measure of transformational leadership inventory questionnaire was employed to evaluate transformational leadership in manufacturing organisations.
The objectives of this research study are: Firstly to study transformational leadership
in Pakistani manufacturing organisations. Secondly to study transformational leaders'
behaviour in manufacturing organisations with respect to situational determinants, i.e., situation strength, attribution theory, feedback, and organisational culture. Thirdly to develop hypotheses concerning the relationship between transformational leadership, and situational determinants and to develop a model of relationship between transformational leadership, situational determinants and organisational culture. Lastly, to suggest further research guidelines for transformational leadership phenomena and leadership in Pakistani manufacturing organisations. Results from the research show that transformational leaders tend to create weak situations for their followers in manufacturing organisations; they favour discretion to their followers and delegate decision-making to followers. Transformational leaders also tend to make external attributions for the causes of poor performance in their organisations, and assume follower's mistake as a learning experience. They try to establish close contact with their followers and seek feedback directly from followers. Transformational leaders favour clan type culture more in their manufacturing
organisations; however adhocracy culture is not completely ignored. A new leadership
alignment model incorporating various concepts focusing on leadership style,
organisational leadership, and situational strength has been introduccd. Results from the data analysis indicate that there is a need to train more leaders in Pakistani manufacturing organisations to benefit from the transformational leadership style, as it has beene stablished that transformational leadershipis an influential form of leadership clearly associated with high levels of individual and organisational
performance(, Shamir & Kark, 2002). As pointed out by Bass, (2002) leaders will be
prized for their innovativeness, responsiveness, and flexibility, all linked to their frequency of transformational leadership behaviour.


Arhada Pb-Zn deposit is located in strata of Devonian and Permian System near intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks and controlled by the NE fault-traversed sub-scale faults.Ore bodies are continuous and look lenses in plan and spatially look pillars,tabulate bodies,lenses.They are semi-buried-buried.The deposit is a mesothermal-low temperature deposit.


This case study focuses on computer aided dispatch (CAD) and records management system (RMS) technology acquisitions. It is one of 18 case studies prepared for the " Technology Acquisition Project " administered by the Institute for Law and Justice in Abstract The Golden, Colorado, Police Department has been a fully automated law enforcement agency since 1990. Utilizing a DOS-based system (CrisNet) from Megg Associates, the Department recorded calls for service and criminal and non-criminal incidents on-line. In 1997, the CrisNet application began to experience unexplained failures. On several occasions, the system's master index became corrupted, leaving police officials without a records management system for several weeks at a time and in doubt about the veracity of their archives. In response to these failures and the city's opinion that the manufacturer was not responding effectively, the city engaged Information Analytics, Inc., a public safety consulting firm, to assist them with an evaluation of the system and advice in resolving the situation. An initial evaluation of the system found no explanation for the failures. As a result, the city decided to replace their current CrisNet system with an upgraded version or a system from a different manufacturer. During the following 12 months, the city evaluated their police and fire department information technology (IT) needs and procured a new a public safety IT system. As a result of this process, the city selected HTE, Inc. of Lake Mary, Florida, to provide the new system. The system included hardware, software, training, implementation, and warranty services. The system applications (to be installed in phases) included computer aided dispatch (CAD), law and fire records management (LRMS/FRMS), case management, juvenile records, citations, warrants, criminal intelligence, document imaging, mug shots, mobile data, and a municipal court system. While HTE manufactures the core elements of the $800,000 system, portions of the system were provided by third party vendors. The mobile data system, for example, was provided by SCA, Inc.; the system hardware was provided by IBM. HTE's willingness and ability to act as a prime contractor and systems integrator was an important factor in their selection. Given the unpredictability of the CrisNet system and the fact that the city had not budgeted for a public safety IT upgrade, the city elected to use an expedited procurement method. As a first step, the city engaged an experienced public safety consulting firm to evaluate the CrisNet system. When the decision to …


Abstract— The production of free radicals by reaction of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinol with singlet oxygen was studied by EPR spectroscopy. The rate constant of the amine was found to be equal to 8 ×105M‐1s‐1 in ethanol and to 4 × 107M‐1s‐1 in phosphate buffer (pH 8). Competition experiments were performed with singlet oxygen quenchers such as NaN3, DABCO and the quenching rate constants were found to be consistent with the literature values. The EPR method proved to be a valuable technique to study the reaction of singlet O2 with the sterically hindered amine without any interfering effect.


The past decade has seen the development of many world-class golf courses in Ireland. John Redmond's superbly designed and illustrated new book celebrates these as well as the top, truly great established courses.


Pulsating heat pipes (PHP) have emerged as very promising passive devices for heat transfer applications especially suited for thermal management of electronics. A closed loop PHP made of brass with 1.5 mm ID and 2.5 mm OD with a single loop is tested in the present work at atmospheric conditions. This paper attempts to describe the effect of working fluid, heat input, orientation and fill ratio as primary design parameters on the performance of PHP. The transient and steady state experiments are conducted for various heat loads, fill ratio and working fluids. Acetone and Propanol are used as working fluids during the experimentation. The performance quantities of PHP like thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficients are evaluated. The results showed that Acetone exhibits better heat transfer characteristics of PHP compared to Propanol. The PHP is tested for horizontal, 30 0 and 60 0 orientations. The results indicate that the performance of PHP changes with different fill ratio, orientation and heat load. Better heat transfer performance is obtained for zero and 30 0 orientations and at a


This paper describes a speech digitizer that is capable of transmitting and receiving at 2400 bits/s. Comparisons are made between this implementation and past approaches. Typical applications of such digitizers are also described.


When a polymer bubble is broken in the bubble electrospinning process, thousands of thousands jets are produced with almost same initial ejecting speed, which plays a very important role on the formation of the nanofiber. In this paper, the nanofiber membranes were prepared by the bubble spinning with different air temperatures. This paper also gives a simple mathematical model to predict the initial speed of jets, and it is as high as 300 m/s.


Having a soft error rate immune cell structure of a semiconductor chip, comprising forming the memory device in the deep N-type well region. The memory device comprises a memory cell. The memory cell comprises a first storage node and the second storage node. Memory cell also includes a first resistor and second resistor are electrically connected to the first storage node and the second storage node. Memory cell also includes a first capacitor and a second capacitor are electrically connected to the first storage node and the second storage node. An interlayer dielectric layer on the memory element. The ILD layer includes a dielectric material at least one boron-free. A metal layer on the dielectric layer dielectric, the dielectric constant of the inner metal dielectric layer is less than about 3. Polyimide layer on the metal dielectric layer. The thickness of the polyimide layer is less than about 20 microns.


This paper is concerned with difference equations on elliptic curves. We establish some general properties of the difference Galois groups of equations of order two, and give applications to the calculation of some difference Galois groups. For instance, our results combined with a result from transcendence theory due to Schneider allow us to identify a large class of discrete Lam e equations with difference Galois group GL 2(C).


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of topical retapamulin ointment 1% versus oral linezolid in the treatment of patients with secondarily infected traumatic lesions (SITLs; excluding abscesses) or impetigo due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, comparative study (NCT00852540). SETTING: Patients recruited from 36 study centers in the United States. PATIENTS: Patients 2 months or older with SITL (including secondarily infected lacerations or sutured wounds) or impetigo (bullous and nonbullous) suitable for treatment with a topical antibiotic, with a total Skin Infection Rating Scale score of 8 or greater, including a pus/exudate score of 3 or greater. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received retapamulin ointment 1% (plus oral placebo), twice daily for 5 days or oral linezolid (plus placebo ointment) 2 or 3 times daily for 10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary end point: clinical response (success/failure) at follow-up in patients with MRSA at baseline (per-protocol population). Secondary efficacy end points: clinical and microbiologic response and outcome at follow-up and end of therapy; therapeutic response at follow-up. MAIN RESULTS: The majority of patients had SITL (70.4% [188/267] and 66.4% [91/137] in the retapamulin and linezolid groups, respectively; intent-to-treat clinical population). Clinical success rate at follow-up was significantly lower in the retapamulin versus the linezolid group (63.9% [39/61] vs 90.6% [29/32], respectively; difference in success rate −26.7%; 95% CI, −45.7 to −7.7). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical success rate at follow-up in the per-protocol MRSA population was significantly lower in the retapamulin versus the linezolid group. It could not be determined whether this was related to study design, bacterial virulence, or retapamulin activity.


The invention relates to the field of seed storage and discloses a crop seed storage agent and a storage method. The storage agent is prepared from at least two kinds of calcium oxide, calcium chloride and super absorbent resin. The storage agent is applied to seed storage, the vitality can be kept well, and the germination rate is 90% or above when seeds are storage for 2 years or longer. The crop seed storage method is simple in process and low in cost.


The influence of birefringence of a polycarbonate disk upon focus error signals in a magneto-optical disk system is analyzed. We propose a useful focus servo method employing a micro-prism, which is well suited for sampling tracking method.


FePt thin films in the thickness range of 5∼40 nm, have been prepared by magnetron sputtering on MgO (001) substrates. The magnetic measurements have shown that the decrease in the thickness is helpful to improve perpendicular anisotropy of FePt thin films. The perpendicular anisotropy gradually changes to in-plane anisotropy with increase in the thickness leading to weaker (001) texture of FePt thin film. After vacuum annealing at 600°C, the 5 nm thick FePt thin film has been obtained with about 240 kA/m of perpendicular coercivity, good squareness and only about 7nm of average crystalline size, which is suitable for applications of future ultra high density perpendicular magnetic recording.


The purpose of this study is to analyze figurations of genders in on-line game character in order to find out the ways of building gender identity of on-line game characters. This study selects characters in on-line game to analyze figurations of genders in game systems, images, discourses of game characters by using gender identity theory and examine the reproducing process of players. As the result, the gender identity of on-line game characters which was pre-given by game developers follows the same conventions and stereotypes in real world and also the players follow it in the same manner. On-line game has the potential of text involvement and modification of the game players, and it has immanent possibilities of becoming alternative space of endless improvement and evolvement.


Along with rapid development of China′s copper industry since 1990s,problems pop out like disorder market,excess competition,mutual struggling for raw material,and backward process,high energy consumption as well as environmental pollution,etc.Macro-control measures must be taken to ensure sustainable development of China′s copper industry.


Multielement soil extractant solutions are used by several soil testing laboratories to determine the plant availability of several nutrients by the same extractant, to decrease costs and labor. The Mehlich-1 (M1) and Mehlich-3 (M3) solutions are often used for this purpose. In this study, they were used to evaluate soil P availability using 360 soil samples of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil). The correlation coefficients between the P concentrations extracted by these solutions were strongly associated and highly significant. The P concentrations extracted by the M3 solution were on average 50 % higher than those extracted by M1. The soil clay content affected the P extraction capacity of the M3 solution, requiring an adjustment table for the interpretation of the P value by this method, as proposed here.


In the past five years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications addressing the issues of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the domain of adulthood and aging. However this increase still represents an extremely small proportion of the overall literature which is predominantly focused on autism in the childhood and adolescence stages of development. The pur- pose of this paper is to present results from a systematic literature review covering the timeframe of 1990 to 2013 (including advance online publications). Five data bases were queried at the intersection of ASD in the domain of adulthood and aging. Using "ASD" and "adulthood and aging" as the two primary foci, we had several objectives: (1) to conduct an exhaustive and comprehensive review of the


The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological proposal for small engineering companies to evaluate its project management maturity level. The proposal is based on a generic standard which was adjusted by consulting internal and external experts, to establish particular evaluation criteria and qualification scale to perform best practices evaluation. The proposal considers not only general maturity level qualification but also, by multivariate statistics, qualification by processes groups and experts groups. The proposal was validated through a case study, when applied in an engineering company, resulting on that external experts tend to qualify the maturity of management of projects higher than internal experts, the company´s employees.


Introduction Brainstem hematoma is a rare clinical occurrence that has been diagnosed more frequently since the introduction of CT and MR imaging. The aetiology of the condition is generally unknown though a few cases have been described in hemophilia (Masson etal., 1984). The clinical course can vary from case to case, having fatal results in some patients and benign resolution in others (Sancesario et al., 1984; Hommel et ai, 1985). The present case of brainstem hematoma presented three rare pathological findings on otoneurological examination, demonstrating the usefulness of this diagnostic approach in brainstem lesions.


A simple relationship has been developed for determining values for the moduli of normal order deviates for sample size n from the values of the normal order deviates for sample size 2n + 1. This relationship can be expressed as a quadratic 'correction' to the normal order values. This approximation is in error by 8.


Online reviews play a critical role in customer's purchase decision making process on the web. The online reviews are often ranked based on user helpfulness votes to minimize the review information overload problem. This paper aims to study the factors that contribute towards helpfulness of online reviews and build a predictive model. It introduces a set of novel features for predicting review helpfulness. The proposed model is validated on two real-life review datasets to demonstrate its utility. A rigorous experimental evaluation also reveals that the proposed linguistic features are good predictors of review helpfulness.


A system of general signal processing based on CPCI bus is introduced in this paper.TS101,stratix and GA3816 are used as the general signal processing platform in this system.The features of main chips are presented.Then the structure and the function of this system are discussed in detail,and the aspects that should be thought much of in design of this system are also discussed.This system have the ability of real-time general processing,can be enlarged and programmed.It can be applied to the field of signal processing widely.


We are drawn to this Talanoa in response to the call from Pacific Health Dialogue for frank and open discussion. Our contribution to the conversation is some reflections about our experience of academic health research as a collective of Māori and Pacific researchers trying to navigate within a large national research programme. Alongside this we will share the voyaging framework we developed to help locate ourselves as a collective, and articulate our needs and aspirations as early to mid-career researchers. Our collective met in the context of working with A Better Start – E tipu e rea, a National Science Challenge created by the New Zealand government.1 Better Start focuses on the health of children and young people across five key areas; healthy weight, resilient teens, successful literacy and learning, big data and Vision Mātauranga. Our team came together as collaborators within the Big Data theme, to explore the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) as an area of possibility and challenge for both Māori and Pacific communities.


Food stamp participation increased the value of food consumed by the household but had no significant effect on nutrient intake of the 8-12 year old child. Liquid assets increased the value of food consumed for eligible non-stamp recipients but had little effect on participants' food consumption. Physiological need levels were higher for food stamp recipients than for nonrecipients. This need level was positively related to value of food consumption. An important implication of the results is that issuance of only bonus stamps may decrease the demand for food.


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NOX-A12 is a novel mirror-image oligonucleotide (Spiegelmer®) that specifically antagonizes the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, CXCL12). SDF-1 is highly expressed by stromal and endothelial cells, and binding to its classical receptor CXCR4 leads to the activation of multiple signaling pathways regulating cell migration, retention and survival. SDF-1-induced inside-out activation of the integrin VLA-4 (a4s1, CD49d/CD29) via CXCR4 is essential for homing of various normal and malignant hematopoietic cells to bone marrow (BM). We previously found that VLA-4 is indispensable for BM homing of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Hence, CXCR4 binding to SDF-1 may be a prerequisite for VLA-4 mediated trafficking of CLL cells into the protective BM microenvironment and for their retention in lymphoid organs, favoring their survival and chemotherapy-resistance.

In this project we compared the efficacy of NOX-A12 and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to mobilize CLL cells from their protective niches to the peripheral blood, thereby sensitizing them to cytotoxic agents such as fludarabine, and to prevent their recirculation into the protective lymphoid microenvironment.

To assess the contribution of SDF-1/CXCR4 signals to homing of CLL cells, we performed in vivo short term adoptive transfers of human VLA-4+ CLL cells into immune deficient mice. CLL cells (5-10 x 106) were injected into the tail vein of NOD/SCID mice that were treated either with NOX-A12 (20 mg/kg) or AMD3100 (5 mg/kg). After a homing period of 3 hours lymphatic organs were analyzed for human CLL cell count. We found that for the majority of investigated CLL samples (except patient samples bearing the chromosomal aberration trisomy 12), CXCR4/SDF-1 inhibition reduced CLL cell recirculation into BM, thereby redirecting them into the spleen. The mean (± SD) relative homing rate (homed human CLL cells relative to injected cells per 1 x 106 acquired murine cells) of CLL cells to BM decreased upon NOX-A12 treatment from 137 (± 87) to 30 (± 17) ( p = 0.047), and upon AMD3100 treatment from 137 (± 71) to 38 (± 24) ( p = ns). Further, we determined CXCR4 surface levels of CLL cells before injection and after cells had homed to BM. We noticed that homed CLL cells expressed elevated CXCR4 surface levels as mean MFIR (± SD) rose from 25 (± 13) to 93 (± 11) and that CXCR4 levels were further increased upon CXCR4/SDF-1 inhibition with NOX-A12 to MFIR 225 (± 2) and with AMD3100 to MFIR 213 (± 7).

Next, we used the Tcl1 transgenic transplantation model that mimics human CLL to test NOX-A12 and AMD3100-induced CLL cell mobilization. C57BL/6J wild type mice engrafted with splenocytes (1 x 107) from Tcl1tg mice with established disease were treated with separate doses of NOX-A12 (0, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) by single intravenous injections. Separate doses of AMD3100 (0, 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously. Blood was collected from the tail vein before treatment, 1 hr, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, and 24 hrs post treatment and analyzed for absolute leukocyte counts and numbers of CD5+/CD19+cells. NOX-A12 demonstrated a considerable potential to mobilize CLL cells and other lymphocytes as the relative CLL cell and absolute lymphocyte blood count raised within 1 hour by 50% when using mice with high tumor load and by 200% when using mice with lower tumor load. Mobilization reached a peak after 6 hours with 100% and 220% relative increase to 0 hrs value. Compared to untreated control mice, CLL cell blood count raised from 80% to 120% within 6 hours. Even low doses (10 mg/kg) of NOX-A12 showed a high degree of mobilization of CLL cells and total lymphocytes. Higher doses lead to a prolonged mobilization duration. AMD3100 treatment did not lead to a significant increase in CLL cell or total lymphocyte blood count in peripheral blood.

In summary our data demonstrate a high efficiency of NOX-A12 to mobilize CLL cells and to prevent their recirculation into protective lymphatic organs. Abrogating SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in combination with chemotherapy may provide an attractive approach for treatment of CLL. Currently, the effect of combined NOX-A12 and fludarabine treatment on progression and overall survival is evaluated using the Tcl1 transgenic transplantation model.

Disclosures: Kruschinski: Noxxon: Employment. Greil: NOXXON Pharma AG: Research Funding. Hartmann: NOXXON Pharma AG: Research Funding.

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24 kinds of vegetable seeds irradiated with wireless router,with magnetic field intensity of 1.925 ma/m,electric field intensity of 729.265 V/m,power density of 1.478 mw/m2,and germinative energy and germinative percentage were observed to study the biological effect.20 days and 40 days irradiation treatment and CK were set.After irradiated,the germinative percentage of pumpkin,big leaf fungus dishes,Chinese chive,garland chrysanthemum,eggplant,savoy,tomato,savoy showed significant difference between irradiation treatment and CK;the germinative energe of pumpkin,big leaf fungus dishes,lettuce,Shanghai may,red radish,savoy,rape showed significant difference between irradiation treatment and CK.Therefore,low energy non ionization radiation may also show biological effect.