fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites? Science 218:384-387. HILL, G. E. 1990. Female house finches prefer colourful males: Sexual selection for a condition-dependent trait. Anim. Behav. 40:563-572. HILLGARTH, N. 1990. Parasites and female choice in the ring-necked pheasant. Am. Zool. 30:227-233. JARVI, T., E. R0SKAFr, M. BAKKEN, AND B. ZUMSTEG. 1987. Evolution of variation in male secondary sexual characteristics: A test of eight hypotheses applied to pied flycatchers. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 20:161-169. LIFJEW,J. T., AND T. SLAGsvow. 1988. Female pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca choose male characteristics in homogeneous habitats. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22:27-36. ---. 1989. How frequent is cuckoldry in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca? Problems with the use of heritability estimates of tarsus length. Oikos 54: 205-210. ---. 1990. Manipulations of male parental investment in polygynous pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca. Behav. Ecol. 1:48-54. LIFJEW,J. T., T. SLAGSVOLD, AND H. LAMPE. 1991. Low frequency of extra-pair paternity in pied flycatchers revealed by DNA fingerprinting. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29:95-101. ROHWER, S., AND G. S. BUTCHER. 1988. Winter ver-


Change is never easy, especially for historians who have their feet firmly planted in the past. So, in 2013, when American Journalism editor Barbara G. Friedman and associate editor Kathy Roberts Forde proposed moving from independent university presses to a commercial academic publisher, there was apprehension. But theirs was a utilitarian goal: creating a solid path for journalism and mass communication scholars to achieve tenure and promotion at their universities in an age when metrics matter and expanding the journal's reach. In this reflection, part of American Journalism's fortieth anniversary essay series, the former editors explain how the transition from independent to commercial publishing enabled a "gem of a journal" to achieve—and exceed—those initial goals. The authors also offer some considerations for the future.


Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts at room temperature with a pair of ions: cation and anion. In recent years the study of this compounds has grown in the academic and industrial communities due to its properties1,2. Nowadays, there are lack of information about ILs in both bulk behavior and molecular structures. In order to deepen in the understanding of i) the IL interactions, ii) the H-bonds and iii) the structure generated by 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium cation and bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide anion ([bmim][Tf2N]), we have carried out a Molecular Dynamics study. An H-bonding [C-H···O] analysis of [bmim][Tf2N] has been made under the distance and energy criteria of weak H-bond (see Fig. 1-a). Furthermore, it was determined the interaction energy and number of H···O interactions with both Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD) and Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD). The rheological behavior of [bmim][Tf2N] at 298.15 K has been calculated in a NVT ensemble together with SLLOD equations of motion in NEMD. The effect of H-bonds in the viscosity is associated with the decrease of interactions cationanion while shear rate is increasing (Fig. 1-b).


DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.1.18 Abstract: The overall goal of the Pre-school (Early Childhood Education Development) investment programme is to enhance access, equity and quality of education for all Kenyan children aged 3-5 years, especially the most vulnerable living in ASALs, urban slums and pockets of poverty. The importance of Preschool Education includes development of mental functions of children in areas such as language, motor skills, psychosocial, cognitive and learning. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of learning resources in public preschools pupil enrolment in Kenya. The study target population was 45 Head teachers, 91 Teachers and one DICECE Programme officer. Simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling technique were used in choosing the sample size in Eldoret East Sub-County, Kenya. The data of the study was collected using questionnaires and checklist. The obtained data was analyzed using thematic approach, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Simple linear regression. The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between learning resources and pupil enrolment level this implies that with every unit increase in physical infrastructure there is increase in the enrolment level. It is recommends that the ministry of education should establish community related factors and psychosocial factors across the pre-school education sector. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be of great importance to policy makers on understanding the best strategies that will promote efficacies in the administration of Pre-School Education.


Preface Introduction "Utilitarianism" and "Benthamism" "Positivism" and "Austinianism" "Idealism" and "Hegelianism" "Socialism" and "Marxism" "National(-stat)ism" and "Bismarckianism" The Growth of "Neo-Isms" The Growth of "Anti-Neo-Isms"


This written testimony was submitted to accompany my appearance before the House Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, concerning the congressional chambers' power to discipline their own members.

The testimony lays out the constitutional bases for the houses' disciplinary powers and discusses the history of their use, from the sixteenth century English Parliament to the present day. It notes the various tools of discipline--expulsion, censure, and fine--and discusses the uses and limitations of each. It concludes by suggesting that the houses make more vigorous use of their disciplinary powers.


The angular distribution of protons produced in the n-p reaction in Li/ sup 6/ was derived by taking into account the neutron-proton correlation within the nucleus under consideration. (auth)


e14016Background: Small biopsies and cytology specimens are becoming increasingly important for clinical trials and biomarker testing. Thus, institutions must ensure that there is adequate lesional...


The high energy and high intensity of the continuous energy (white) neutron source at the WNR target area of the Los alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) may make possible a direct measurement of the neutron-proton bremsstrahlung (NPB) cross section. Several recent papers have discussed the operation of the WNR white neutron source in detail so we will just include a short description of the relevant properties of the source in this article. Next we will describe one possible method of measuring the NPB cross section which is based on two calorimetric detectors that measure the energies of the scattered neutrons and the recoil protons. There are several advantages in using a white neutron source for this type of measurement. First, a wide range of incident neutron energies may be covered. In the case of the WNR, the energy range is from below 50 MeV to over 400 MeV which is above the pion production threshold. Second, all incident neutron energies are measured simultaneously. The greatly reduces the systematic errors associated with sequential measurements at different beam energies when measuring the energy dependence of the NPB cross section. Third, the neutron beam is shared amongst several experimenters at WNR. This greatlymore » reduces the competition for beam time, so longer runs are often possible compared to facilities that require the dedicated use of the accelerator. In the past, typical experiments have run for several months. 6 refs., 5 figs.« less


Background: Amphibians have greater regeneration capability than higher vertebrates. They can regenerate their limbs after an amputation. As a limb is regenerated, a regeneration‐specific epithelium called the apical epithelial cap (AEC) is induced. The AEC is an essential structure for limb regeneration. Despite the importance of the AEC, molecular marker genes have not been well studied at the molecular level. Results: In the present study, keratin5 (KRT5) and KRT17 were investigated in an axolotl‐regenerating limb. KRT5 and KRT17 were expressed in a regenerating limb but down‐regulated in a differentiating limb. KRT5 showed characteristic regulation in a regenerating blastema. KRT5 was suppressed in the basal layer of the AEC. This KRT5 suppression was correlated to the blastema differentiation and nerve presence. Simple skin wounding could also upregulate both KRT5 and KRT17 gene expression. But these genes were suppressed within a shorter time than in limb regeneration. Conclusions: The KRT5 and KRT17 gene profile can be a useful marker gene to investigate AEC in limb regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 241:1616–1624, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A liquid crystal display device includes a transmissive liquid crystal panel having no color filter, a first front light unit disposed on front side of the transmissive liquid crystal panel to se quentially irradiate red, green, and blue light, and a second front light unit disposed on rear side of the transmissive liquid crystal panel to sequentially irradiate red, green, and blue light.


A clearance-type nonlinear dynamic model on star gear system, excited by static transmission errors and time-varying stiffness, is established in this paper. A variable step-size Gill integration algorithm is employed to solve the governed differential equations. Based on Poincare maps and phase plane plots, both the steady-state responses and their bifurcations are investigated by changing the external loads. The dynamic load factors of meshing gear pairs are analyzed to demonstrate the effects of external load on the change of meshing states among no-impact, single-sided impact and double-sided impact state. It is concluded that the appearance of non-harmonic response depends on the value of external load in some extent. Tooth separation, back collision and load unbalance are prone to appear in the lightly loaded star gear system which will induce larger dynamic load and chaotic noise.


LAMOST(Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope)is a breakthrough on astronomy in China, and is also in the lead on astronomy in the world. During the design, the seeing of telescope LAMOST is one of the most important aspects. While the temperature difference in the dome is the significant factor that affects the seeing, the temperature distribution in the dome must be controlled. The thermal distribution of the dome in telescope LAMOST was calculated and simulated by Icepak software. The emulation demonstrates that without any cooling project, the discipline of the temperature distribution in the dome around the first mirror Ma is nice enough to achieve a good seeing while the mirror Ma is in the partly open globular structure. According to these results, there is no need to working out a cooling scheme to improve the thermal circumstances of the dome. The result of emulation is approximate to the experiment temperature distribution of the Ф2.16m telescope that is closely near to the LAMOST, which makes significance to improve the seeing of the dome and to develop the dome's design.


The invention discloses a system for analog and simulation of a transformer protection device. The system includes a data communication center module, a wave recording and analysis module, a transformer protection logic module and a man-machine interaction module. Data between the system framework and the modules in the system are interacted. The system for the analog and simulation of the transformer protection device is capable of realizing functions of simulation testing and the like on the transformer protection device and a test environment is rapidly built through an analog and simulation method so that a problem of environment building of tests or experiments in the past is solved and logic verification or problem reproduction of the transformer protection device can be carried out rapidly.


One of the problems connected with a real-time protein-ligand
docking simulation is the need to store series of precomputed
electrostatic force fields of a molecule changing in time. A
single frame of the force field is a 3D array of floating point
vectors and it constitutes approximately 180 MB of data.
Therefore requirements on storage grow rapidly if several
hundreds of such frames need to be stored. We propose a lossy
compression method of such force field, based on audio and
video coding, and we evaluate its properties and performance.


The present study was planned to identify the Bacillus probiotic characteristics from a strain knows as Bacillus spp. in with the aim of use as a probiotic candidate in broiler chickens feed. The strain was identified phenotypically and evaluated for their viability through total plate count method, colony morphology, catalase test, hemolysis activity, pH (2 and 3) and bile salts (0.3% w/v) tolerance under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, rate of survivability (%), spores resistance at high temperature and antibiotics susceptibility tests. Registered under the code IBNA 66, the strain was identified by API 50CHB (ID 99.9%) and ABIS online (91.8% similarity) as Bacillus megaterium. The strain presented a viable count of 3 x 10 CFU/mL after 22±2h of incubation at 37°C, 120 rpm with positive catalase, and non-hemolytic activity results. Also, Bacillus megaterium showed a significant resistance and survivability at pH 2 (P <0.0001, 62.09%) and pH 3 (P <0.0001, 77.53%), bile salts (P <0.0001, 84.27%), with a high ability to produce spores (after 120 min. at 80°C show 9.47 Log CFU/mL, P <0.0001). The antibiotic susceptibility test showed 100.00% resistance of strain to oxacillin (1 μg/mL), with multiple antibiotic resistance indices above 0.5. In conclusion, Bacillus megaterium can be an ideal probiotic candidate that can potentially be formulated and applied in the poultry feed for improving performance and modulated GIT microflora.


Objective: Our aim was to investigate the levels of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP) and endothelin( ET) in liver cirrhosis. Methods :The levels of CGRP and ET were measured in plasma samples of 40 patients with liver cirrhosis and 15 healthy controls by using radioimmunoassay. Results:The level of CGRP in liver cirrhosis group was obviously higher than that in the control group( P 0. 01). The levels of ET in liver cirrhosis group was obviously lower than that in the control group ( P 0. 01 ). Conclusion: The increased level of plasma CGRP and decreased level of plasma ET are probably associated with the hemodynamics derangement in liver cirrhosis.


The stack frame technique for dynamic local variable storage in Algol and descendant languages may be adopted in Forth to expand the number of elements easily handJed directly on the stack, reducing the need for variables. The required extensions to Forth can preserve the interactive quality of Forth by using the parameter stack exclusively and by using a built-in set of local variable names rather than an argument list compiler. Special techniques such as wildcard names, code pointer arrays, and modifications of TO can reduce the overhead involved. Forth provides a computation stack to store temporary data along with stack operators to rearrange that data, but lacks a facility found in Algol and similar post-Fortran languages to allocate variable storage on the stack. In these languages variables so allocated are local to a particular procedure and referred to loosely as "local variables", even though that term encompasses statically as well as dynamically allocated variables. When their storage is dynamically allocated such variables allow calling procedures recursively and recovering memory occupied when procedures are completed. The allocation is accomplished by pushing on the stack a block of space, called a stack frame, to hold all the variables for each recursive call to a procedure, and dropping the block when returning from each call. Each variable is then represented in object code by an offset relative to the frame boundary instead of by an absolute memory address. Data is fetched from and stored into the framed memory the same as ordinary variables, in contrast to Forth's emphasis on rearranging the order in which data is stored on the stack. CPU makers have supported dynamic local variables with hardware registers specifically for base relative addressing on the stack, as in the Burroughs mainframes and the Intel 8086 microprocessor. In Forth, however, local variables have not been used much, at least outside of Europe; as early as 1977 Paul Bartholdi at the Geneva Observatory introduced Forth extensions to employ local variables on the stack[2]. They are rarely found in commercially available systems, and the Forth Standard[4] not only does not include them, but prohibits indexing into the stacks of the Forth pseudo-machine as well. More recently, and with increasing frequency, a number of papers have appeared expressing a need for local variables in Forth and describing a variety of Forth extensions to provide them [3,4,10,11,12,15,16,17]. This paper develops further the particular technique of using a set oflocal variable names built into the system and available for use in all procedures, as opposed to defining new local variable names in every instance. Methods for implementing this technique are examined from the standpoint of achieving general applicability, minimizing the costs incurred, and preserving the interactive features of the Forth environment. I An extension of remarks at the FORML conference in Taiwan, Republic of China, September, 1984. The Journal of Forth Application and Research Volume 3, Number 1, 1985


Manuscript History: A simple, precise, accurate, selective and economical RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of difluprednate and gatifloxacin in eye drops formulation. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Water and Acetonitrile with pH 2.0 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 25:75 % v/v. The column used was Shim pack XR ODS II (150 mm x 3 mm id, 5 µm) with flow rate of 1 ml / min using UV detection at 263 nm. The described method was linear over a concentration range of 1-6 μg/ml and 2-14 μg/ml for the assay of difluprednate and gatifloxacin respectively. The retention times of difluprednate and gatifloxacin were found to be 5.23 ± 0.0374 and 2.55 ± 0.0296 min respectively. Method was validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the analysis of cited drugs either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision. The method herein described can be employed for quality control and routine analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. . .


A series of Fe-Ni alloy/Ni-ferrite composite nanofibers with average diameters of 60~70 nm were successfully fabricated using electrospinning combined with the hydrogen-thermal reduction method. The thermal decomposition behavior of electrospun precursor nanofibers and crystal structures, phase compositions, morphologies and magnetic properties of the resultant products were characterized by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. It is found that both the preparation temperature of the pristine Ni-ferrite nanofibers and the reduction tem- perature have considerable influences on the phase compositions and magnetic properties of the corresponding reduction products. With increasing reduction temperature from 270 to 400 ℃ for the Ni-ferrite nanofibers prepared at 550 , ℃ the con- -1 , respectively. Compared to the pristine Ni-ferrite nanofibers, the prepared Fe-Ni alloy/Ni-ferrite composite nanofibers exhibit more excellent soft magnetic properties with much enhanced saturation magnetization due to introduction of Fe-Ni alloy phase. Furthermore, the composite nanofibers composed of three magnetic phases in crystallog- raphy show a good single-phase magnetic behavior, implying that these magnetic phases in composites are well exchange- coupled with each other. The observed changes in magnetic properties for the prepared composite nanofibers can be ex- plained on the basis of the differences in intrinsic magnetic properties between Fe-Ni alloy and Ni-ferrite phases and the changes in grain size, phase composition and magnetic interactions. These novel magnetic composite nanofibers have poten- tial application prospects in flexible magnets, sensing devices, catalysis, microwave absorption and electromagnetic interfer- ence (EMI) shielding. Keywords Ni-ferrite; Fe-Ni alloy; composite nanofibers; magnetic properties; electrospinning; hydrogen-thermal reduction


Credit, especially micro-finance, is well known by scholars as one significant instrument for poverty alleviation in rural areas. In Viet Nam, an economic reform towards marketorientation since 1986 has helped to decrease the incidence of poverty but progress remains limited. Research has shown that a shortage of credit has been a major constraint to the augmentation of economic activities of the rural poor and improvements in their living conditions in general. In mountainous regions of northwestern Viet Nam, where the incidence of poverty is particularly high, credit for rural development has mainly been provided by Viet Nam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD) and Viet Nam Bank for Social Policies (VBSP). These two state-owned banks have adopted far-reaching changes in their credit policies to enhance the access to formal financial services for the rural poor. However, so far there is a lack of understanding of the credit demand by rural clients in mountainous regions of Vietnam and the factors determining their access to credit. Moreover, it is unclear whether the financial products offered by VBARD and VBSP actually reach the rural poor, and whether they are used for investment activities or consumption purposes. Against this background, the objectives of this paper are twofold: First, the policy changes in credit regulations for rural development since the reform period are explored, especially from the time of banking reconstruction towards market-orientation. Second, based on data collected in a random sample of 300 households in Yen Chau district, Son La province, the paper investigates demand for credit, credit worthiness, and determinants of households' access to formal credit using regression analysis. Apart from households' resource endowment also intangible assets such as social capital are considered as potential influencing factors. We hypothesise that (1) credit policies, especially those particularly designed for the poor, are not targeted to the poorest of the poor, which means that ethnic minorities are often excluded from the preferable credit scheme; (2) the demand for consumption credit is not effectively met. Based on our findings we will derive recommendations regarding an improved design of credit products for rural clients in mountainous areas of Viet Nam.


For both the commercial logistics networks as the non-for-profit ones, collaboration among suppliers is an important strategic resource. This paper considers a tactical model for the optimisation of a commercial supply chain for a non-for-profit relief network, inspired on a previously developed post-disaster logistics model. In order to evaluate the effect of cooperation among the different competitors, a logistic network was simulated and several cooperation scenarios were considered, based on the strengths of each one of the actors involved. The model aims the minimum cost of supplying a specific item for the network and, at the same time, it allows for the different suppliers assess the benefits derived from cooperation. Following a cooperative game theory approach, the Shapley value was calculated in order to determine the distribution of costs as well as the utilities of the players involved and to determine the feasibility of the cooperation scheme designed.


Background: Periprocedural stroke during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation range between 1.5 and 5.4%. This study evaluated whether the multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) was an enough screening test to prevent periprocedural stroke in AF ablation. Methods: At 4 tertiary centers, we enrolled 1,160 patients (909 males, mean age 57±11 years) with optimal anticoagulation and preserved left ventricular ejection function (LVEF), who had underwent MDCT and TEE (Group 1, n = 682) or MDCT alone (group 2, n = 478) for the screening test before AF ablation. In group 2, TEE was performed only in patients who had left atrial (LA) thrombus or blood stasis in MDCT. Results: There was no difference in CHADS2 scores, LVEF and LA size between 2 groups. In group 1, a thrombus was detected in 15 (2.2%) and 10 (1.5%) patients by the MDCT and TEE, respectively. All (100%) patients, who were revealed to have thrombus in TEE, also had a thrombus in MDCT. In group 2, 14 (2.9%) patients exhibited LA thrombus in MDCT, among whom thrombus was observed in 6 patients (1.3%) in TEE. The negative predictive value of MDCT to detect the thrombus was 100%. AF ablation was not performed in patients with thrombus. Stroke occurred in a patient in each group (P = 1.0). Conclusion: The preprocedural MDCT detected all patients with the LA thrombus. In AF patients with low CHADS2 score, optimal anticoagulation and relatively preserved LVEF, the MDCT might be enough as a screening test to prevent the periprocedural stroke.


We study classical Heisenberg spins in the continuum limit (i.e., the nonlinear {sigma} model) on an elastic two-dimensional manifold with at least one nonconstant principal curvature. If the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations support a soliton solution, the nonconstant curvature of the geometry induces geometrical frustration in the region of the soliton which is relieved by a deformation of the manifold in the region of the soliton. We illustrate these results on an elliptic cylinder where we find an elastic soliton in terms of the variable ellipticity along the axis of the cylinder. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


This chapter discusses syntactic V-V complexes involving a semantically main verb in the nonfinite form (first verb) and a syntactically main verb (second verb) in Avar. Avar employs no morphological V-V complexes. Avar syntactic V-V complexes include periphrastic tense forms, V-V complexes whose tense is indicated by a first verb, and V-V complexes whose tense is denoted by a second verb. The third type of V-V complexes uses twenty-eight second verbs. Most of them are also used as lexical verbs. Twenty-three of these second verbs do not change the number of arguments of first verbs. They are mostly used to express aspectual or modal meaning. Some of them are only employed with a restricted number of first verbs. Some second verbs permit bi-absolutive constructions. There are two types of bi-absolutive constructions. Avar second verbs tend to immediately follow first verbs, but other word orders are possible.


The new geoid model of Tanzania is a major breakthrough in the determination of vertical heights for the past 60 years. A new geoid model has been computed using precise gravity data supplemented with marine gravity data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite and new high-resolution satellite gravity data from Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE). A digital terrain model was also used based on 15" Shuttle and Rader Terrain Model (SRTM) data. The use of gravity data makes an orthometric height easily computed using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The GNSS is being used in many African countries including Tanzania and soon it will replace conventional leveling technique and avoid frequent maintenance of benchmarks. This paper presents preliminary result of a new geoid model which shows that by using precious gravity data and Remove-Compute-Restore technique, an accuracy of 10 cm can be reached.


Academic performance of recently accepted students is one of the main issues in Higher Level Institutions since first scholar periods trend to be the most difficult ones for students. Some institutions offer leveling courses to develop students basic knowledge for later courses. However, it is not clear if these help students in more advanced courses. This work presents an analysis, using decision trees, for predicting marks in two mathematics courses based on different criteria of the performance on a previous leveling course. This allows finding the factors that impact in the marks obtained in posterior courses and determining if the leveling one is helping students to improve their academic performance.


By the methods of literature review,investigation and logical analysis,this paper analyzed the problems of the development of rural sports culture in Henan province,and found out some ideas to improve the development of rural sports culture in Henan province under the new situation of promoting new rural construction and strengthening the building of a strong cultural province: strengthen the construction of sport facilities,improve rural people's cultural quality and consciousness of sports,shift the focus of rural sports culture work to the village,promote the local characteristics of the traditional sports culture and so on.


Does poverty have psychological consequences? Beginning with Easterlin (1974), a growing literature has investigated the association between income levels and psychological outcomes. However, this literature remains focused on happiness and life satisfaction, while little evidence exists about the link between income and other psychological outcomes. Using World Value Survey data from 114,378 respondents in 43 countries, I show here that income is associated with a host of additional psychological variables. Specifically, low incomes predict lower intrinsic motivation and trust, less prosocial attitudes, and more feelings of meaninglessness. These relationships hold for both poor compared to rich people in the same country, and for poor compared to rich countries. Income inequality is an additional predictor of psychological outcomes across countries, and is associated with loneliness, short-sightedness, risk-taking, and low trust; in contrast, GDP growth is not significantly associated with psychological outcomes. All results are robust to controls for individual-level socioeconomic and country-level geopolitical characteristics. Together, these results suggest that income and income inequality are related to a broad array of psychological outcomes. JEL Codes: D03, D87, I30, O12C93, D03, D87, O12


A simple macro model incorporating a little price stickiness is compared to a basic new-classical model. It is argued that the former system, while still yielding standard policy ineffectiveness results, more easily explains persistence in fluctuations in real variables, notably real balances, without being more complicated. It is also shown that these results do not depend upon the model's analytic simplicity but also occur in a more complex formulation. A sticky-price model therefore should be taken seriously as embodying a viable alternative to new-classical macroeconomics. Copyright 1988 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester


The water is to exist for the humanity. It is the most well-known, demanded(sued) need and at the same time scanty. For a municipality, it(he,she) gives him(her) social and economic characteristics and the living conditions of the population, who would be the point of reference to the royal(real) situation to the service given by an aqueduct of an effective way. With relation to the water and the healthy environment it(he,she) turns out to be fundamental to rely on the precise and exhaustive diagnosis that it(he,she) should help to plan situations of rapid response to the clients and this way to arrange priorities. Of this planeacion there was developing the coverage, quality and continuity of the service of drinkable water.
The Political Constitution of Colombia establishes as one of the principal ends(purposes) of the activities of the State, the solution of the basic unsatisfied needs. Because of it for the Company of Cajica's Public Service S.A. E.S.P. is a priority not only to have coverage, but there is constant the service of efficient, effective and effective form; In the development of the presentation(service) of the above mentioned public domiciliary services, it(he,she) will diminish the environmental impacts generated during the service waiting and formulating new strategies of improvement it(he,she) continues by means of the tabulation of surveys of measurement of the Satisfaction of the given service.
The present investigation(research) seeks to establish mechanisms of control in the attention to the client, to strengthen the service and to provide the satisfaction that the user legally has right, adding facility in everything what is proceeded about the service.


This paper introduces the interference of industrial field,the principles of anti-interference and the important position of anti-interference design in the practical construction design,and expounds the anti-interference methods with the hardware and software of PLC control system.


Abstract : This paper considers a multi-compartment storage model with one way flow. The inputs and outputs for each compartment are controlled by a denumerable state Markov chain. Assuming finite first and second moment conditions, the limit behavior of the compartments are examined. It is shown that the diverging compartments under suitable normalization converge to functionals of multivariate Brownian motion, independent of those compartments which converge without normalization. Keywords: Random variables; Asymptotic normality. (Author)


Purpose of the article: This paper empirically investigates the interdependencies between stock return, economic fluctuations and sentiment indicators. Research methods: The research used a bivariate VAR model and Granger causality tests are performed. Quarterly data covering the period from September 2001 to December 2018 are used. Main findings: The empirical results indicated a one-way causality from economic fluctuations to sentiment indicators and from stock return to sentiment indicators. The tests did not confirm the causal relationship between economic fluctuations and stock return.


There is an ongoing global conversation about dying, particularly with regard to treatment abatement decisions, causation and responsibility for death, and relief of physical and existential suffering. There is rising international support for assisted dying. People now tend to die slowly in old age, as a result of multiple chronic illnesses, with more medical decision points and impaired cognitive capacity. This paper describes the dying process from the standpoint of palliative medicine and argues for an improved common recognition of the process of dying, in its contemporary spiritual and social contexts, by the public, medicine, ethics, public policy and the law.


Fluorescent nuclear track detectors (FNTDs), a novel biocompatible detector type, represent
possible candidates for the application in medical physics research. Besides
recording the particle fluence, they allow for energy deposition quantification, i.e. linear
energy transfer (LET) determination by measuring the fluorescence signal. A correlation
between LET and measured fluorescence intensity was already observed but suffers,
especially concerning the clinical LET range, from large variabilities. Since a precise
relation between those two quantities is still desirable, the aim of this Bachelor's thesis
was to evaluate different sources of uncertainty regarding the measured fluorescence
intensity. Therefore, a set of 66 detectors was irradiated with mono-energetic particle
beams covering a LET range of 1-150 keV/um . This results in 22 data points with different
LET values consisting of each three irradiated detectors. Intensity measurements were
performed using a commercial confocal laser-scanning microscope. The read out of this
set of detectors enables to investigate microscope and detector related fluctuations. Different
read out days and the read out with different laser powers influence the resulting
fluorescence signals only slightly. Regarding detector related fluctuations, the evaluation
shows decreasing relative intra-image fluctuations related to the stochastic nature of energy
deposition with rising LET. Investigations concerning different read out positions
within the detectors result in relative fluctuations of approximately 4%, whereas relative
inter-detector variabilities are much larger and lie in the magnitude of 16%. Finally, the
measured intensities and the evaluation of the different sources of uncertainty were used
to establish a LET-fluorescence relation.


[Objective] To guide an electrically driven vehicle to a charging facility appropriately, so as to avoid, as much as possible, stoppage of driving of the electrically driven vehicle due to running out of a vehicle-mounted battery. [Solution] Provided is a Vehicle charging management system, wherein charging stands (200) are able to comprehend the identification of electrically driven vehicles (V) and the amount of power left therein, by having vehicle-mounted navigation apparatuses (1) transmit vehicle information to the charging stands (200). The charging stands (200) transmit, to a central server (300), vehicle queue information about electrically driven vehicles (V) waiting at waiting lines (L), and vehicle information about the electrically driven vehicles (V). This enables the central server (300) to evaluate vehicles (Ve) in emergent need of charging, and rearrange the vehicle queue as necessary. A newly set vehicle queue information, and information for notifying each of the electrically driven vehicles (V) about guidance and warning are transmitted to the charging stands (200). The charging stands (200) transmit each of the notification information to each of the applicable electrically driven vehicles (V). The vehicle-mounted navigation apparatuses (1) output the notification information received from the charging stands (200), to notify the drivers.


Jiirgen Osterhammel 7.1 Introduction The historical role of foreign business in any comparatively less developed country can be analysed from at least four different points of view. From a global perspel:tive that takes 'internatio"nal society' or the 'modern world-system' as its principal unit of reference, foreign business is one among several mechanisms which contrihute to the integration of 'peripheral' societies into universal political, economic and cultural structures as they have been shaped by Europe from the early modern period onwards. In this view, foreign business is a vehicle of general processes of system-building; its overall effects can alternatively be interpreted as inculcating modernity and accidental rationality into non· Western civilisations or as incorporating the agrarian societies of the East and South into the world-system in positions of inferiority and dependency. An imperial perspective adopts a more narrow focus. It looks out into the world from one of the dynamic capitalist centres and examines business operations in terms of the projection of metropolitan resources (people, technology, commodities, capital, ete.) into areas of the globe that have been linked up with a particular imperial system either through direct rule ('formal empire') or through indirect control ('informal empire'). In business history, this corresponds to a view from headquarters and to an analysis in terms of entrepreneurial strategies. By contrast, an expatriate perspective shifts the angle of observation to foreign enterprise 'on the spot'; it tells the story of Western firms and businessmen operating in non-capitalist or semi-capitalist economic environments and non-Western cultures. Finally, the indigenous (or host country) perspective poses the most difficult question of all, that of the 'impact' of the West on 'Third World' economies and societies. In particular it examines the ways in which various indigenous groups and classes respond to intrusion from abroad, Of course, these four approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. On the contrary, it is a challenge to historical interpretation to try to connect the different levels and perspectives in a manner that combines


Background Many factors may affect wound healing in Diabetic foot ulcer, namely, microbial density, microorganisms, microbial synergy, the host immune response, and infected tissue quality. Methodology This study used a cross-sectional design. We assessed 38 Subjects with DFUs, 23 neuroischaimic, and 15 neuropathic, for microbiota colonizing the DFU utilizing traditional cultures and 16S gene sequencing methods. All the relevant clinical factors were collected. Wound swabs were collected for both traditional microbiological analysis, direct swab (DSM), and cultured (CM) microbiome analysis. DNA isolation, and 16SrRNA hypervariable regions were amplified. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using IonReporter Software, statistical analysis, and diversity indices were computed with vegan R-package. Results The traditional microbiological method was able to detect a maximum of one or two pathogens, and, in some cases, no pathogen was detected. The total number of the observed species was 176. The number of identified species was higher in the cultured microbiome (155) than the direct swab microbiome (136). Diversity analysis indicated that biological diversity is higher in the cultured microbiome compared with the DSM. The Shannon H index was 2.75 for the cultured microbiome and 2.63 for DSM. We observed some differences in the major bacterial taxa amongst neuroischaimic and neuropathic DFU microbiomes. Conclusions Cultured microbiome is superior to both the traditional method and direct swab microbiome. The Neuroischaimic group showed higher values for the tested diversity indices than the Neuroischaimic group. Neither Cluster Analysis nor Principal Component Analysis showed apparent clustering amongst the two types of ulcers.


Hematocrit is an important determinant of oxygen delivery. Of particular interest, its target level is very wide for different kinds of shock: from 30% for hemorrhagic or septic shock to 56% for secondary polycythemia. This range is not only wide but also deviated to the higher level from the optimal value of 40%. In this letter, the authors determine the mathematical basis of the wide and deviated range of hematocrit starting from the Hagen-Poisseuille equation.


The paper studies the oscillations of a class of nonlinear delay differential equation with impulse.A lemma is presented to deal with the sign relation of the nonoscillatory solutions and their derived functions.Also,it obtains some criterions about the oscillation of the solutions to the equations and gives one example to illustrate the effectiveness of these criteria.


An analysis of charged pion photo-production on He/sup 4/ is made to investigate the existence of H/sup 4/ states. A diffusion cloud chamber filled with He/sup 4/ was exposed to a 1-Bev gamma beam and the gamma /sup +/ He/sup 4/ yields pi /sup +/ + n + H/sup 3/ even ts were selected, A sample of 96 events is analyzed. The results indicate the reaction gamma + He/sup 4/ yields pi /sup +/ + STAH/sup 4/!; STAH/sup 4/! Y n + H/sup 3/ + (3.5 to 7) Mev, with a frequency comparable to pi /sup +/ photoproduction without the formation of (H/sup 4/!. (H.D.R.)


This study aims to determine the comparative level of social welfare based on the accessibility of the area in the district of Pulau Punjung Dharmasraya. This research is a comparative descriptive studies. The population in this study house holds (KK) in District Dharmasraya Pulau Punjung, the population Nagari Sungai Dareh, Sungai Kambut, IV Koto Pulau Punjung, Sikabau and Tebing Tinggi. Samples were taken in two ways, the samples were taken by purposive sampling areas (designation) with proportional random sampling with a proportion of 3% of the sample so research sample was 170 households. The research found that: (1) there are differences in the level of welfare of the people seen on the fulfillment of basic needs among Sungai Kambut and Nagari Sungai Dareh with value t = -3.707 127.868 degrees of freedom, while ttable (n = 170) at the 5% significance level is - 1,662. Thus the value of t is less than t table, means the level of social welfare Nagari Sungai Dareh better than Sungai Kambut, (2) There are differences in the level of prosperity seen from the clothing needs of the community and Nagari Sungai Kambut between Sungai Dareh with t value = - 2,947 degrees of freedom 167.97, while the t table (n = 170) at the 5% significance level is -1.662. Thus the value of t is less than t table, means the level of social welfare Sungai Nagari riDareh better than da Sungai Kambut, (3) There are differences in the level of welfare of the people seen on the board needs Sungai Kambut and Nagari Nagari Sungai Dareh with value t = - 3,194 degrees of freedom 161.824, while the t table (n = 170) at the 5% significance level is -1.662. Thus the value of t is smaller than TTable, means the level of social welfare Nagari Sungai Dareh better than Sungai Kambut


The investigation of the III-V nitride-based driving circuits is in demand for the development of GaN-based power electronic devices. In this work, we aim to grow high-quality InGaN/GaN heterojunctions on the n-channel AlGaN/GaN-on-Si high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) templates to pursue the complementary p-channel conductivity to realize the monolithic integrated circuits. As the initial step, the epitaxial growth is optimized and the structure properties are investigated by comparing with the InGaN/GaN heterojunctions grown on GaN/sapphire templates. It is found that both the In composition and relaxation degree are higher for the InGaN/GaN on the HEMT template than that on the sapphire substrate. The crystalline quality is deteriorated for the InGaN grown on the HEMT template, which is attributed to the poor-quality GaN channel in the HEMT template. Further analysis indicates that the higher In incorporation in the InGaN layer on the HEMT template may be caused by the higher relaxation degree due to the compositional pulling effect. An increase in the growth temperature by 20 °C with optimized growth condition improves the crystalline quality of the InGaN, which is comparable to that on GaN/sapphire even if it is grown on a poor-quality GaN channel.


Abstract In this paper, we consider the existence of positive periodic solutions for a superlinear heat equation with and being the Sobolev critical exponent, subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We relax the technical assumption on a(t) and convex assumption on the domain , which generalizes the previous results.


We present high-resolution 12CO J = 1-0 observations of the molecular gas in the Hickson compact group Stephan's Quintet (HCG 92). Our observations consist of multiple pointings and mosaics covering all the regions where CO and star formation have been detected. Within the 100'' field of view centered on the easternmost tidal tail, we detect three clumps of emission that may be partially resolved at our resolution of 8''; two of these are new detections not previously seen in ISM studies of this region. Two of these clumps lie in the optical tidal tail, while the third lies to the southeast and is coincident with a large H I feature, but it does not correspond to any features at other wavelengths. We also tentatively detect CO emission from the star-forming regions in the "old tail" corresponding to recent star formation activity detected in recent UV and Hα observations. Observations of the rest of the compact group do not show detections, even though strong emission was detected with single-dish telescopes, which suggests that the CO emission originates from a diffuse molecular gas cloud or from at least three separate clumps with separations greater than around 3 kpc.


Adriana (Euphorbiaceae) is an endemic Australian genus of dioecious shrubs found widely throughout the mainland. Results of a taxonomic revision of Adriana are presented and a new taxonomy is proposed in which three taxa are recognised. Adriana quadripartita (Labill.) Muell. Arg. is a southern Australian, predominantly coastal taxon. Adriana tomentosa Gaudich. is a widely distributed species that exhibits considerable variation in leaf morphology and indumentum, in contrast to basic floral structure which is similar throughout the species, and it comprises two varieties. Adriana tomentosa var. tomentosa is a coastal and inland taxon with a distribution along both eastern and western seaboards and in northern Australia. Adriana tomentosa var. hookeri (F.Muell.) C.L.Gross & M.A.Whalen is an inland taxon occurring in the dry interior from Western Australia to New South Wales. A key to these taxa, descriptions and distribution maps are provided. Morphological variation patterns, the delimitation of taxa and the utility of different morphological characters as diagnostic features in Adriana are discussed.


We experimentally demonstrate dissipative-soliton-resonance (DSR) generation in a L-band figure-eight fiber laser. The central wavelength of output DSR pulses can be tuned over the range from 1565.6 to 1603.4 nm.


In this paper, I assume that the "features" used up to now in generative phonological theory have at best a part to play in the phonetic Interpretation of terminal phonological representations ("systematic phonetic" representations), and at worst are completely superfluous. This assumption applies equally to the newer versions of S P E-features which are arranged hierarchically in treelike structures, but whose content has hardly changed since 1968. To replace features, I propose a System of elements akin to those used by other current tridirectional approaches to phonology, but set out here in more detail than is usual. Unfortunately, it is impossible to motivate a new approach to phonological representations without referring to theoretical entities (such äs elements and association lines) that are not fully explicated until later. I therefore beg the reader's patience up to section 3. My purpose here is not to deal the coup de gräce to SPE-type features, which would be a purely negative and fruitless undertaking. Rather, I would like to show how promising and fruitful element-based phonological representations can be, both for the theory and descriptive analysis of phonological processes. In a selection of case studies I show that a tridirectional elemental approach t o phonology makes rule ordering unnecessary. Thus, the Information contained in the "derivation" of a phonological


The not so systematic banking industry in case of investment has been a major cause of promoting savings and investments through financial markets in India. After the opening up of markets in the year 1991, there has been progressive growth in the capital market in India. The new economic and liberalization policies gave way to a subsequent push for the financial services in India. Small and medium scale investors have been encouraged to bring in their investments into financial markets through the introduction of mutual funds. This is an exploratory study on the mutual fund industry in India and its growth since a decade. This study is conducted based on secondary data analysis only.


The large eddy simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent channel flow controlled by active spanwise wall fluctuations (ASWF) is carried out in this paper. Heat transport and its relation with the momentum transport are paid with great attentions. In all the flow cases of present study, the changes of temperature fluctuation, heat transport and temperature streaks are in consistence with streamwise velocity fluctuation, momentum transport and velocity streaks respectively. This demonstrates the existence of same mechanism in heat transport and momentum transport in turbulent boundary layer, which gives the theoretical support for using the drag reduction technology to control wall heat flux.


This is a study about engagements and motivation. Its purpose is, by looking at other motivational theories than Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to find out why certain people choose to become ...


Passenger retention is undoubtedly one of the major challenges for cruise lines. Given that little is known about passengers' post-purchase behaviour in the luxury cruise sector, this study addressed this omission by empirically verifying the imperative role of motivations, values, image, desire, and relationship investment in generating repeat cruising intentions. The proposed conceptual framework comprising these triggers was in general supported. In addition, its prediction ability for repurchase decision was sufficient. Specifically, our empirical findings demonstrated the adequacy of the higher order structure of cruise travel motivations that considerably increase hedonic and utilitarian values. Our results further identified the comparative importance of overall company image in determining intention. The mediating role of the study variables was also found. Lastly, the results of the metric-invariance model assessment revealed that relationship investment significantly moderated the value–image–desire linkages. Implications for tourism academics and cruise practitioners and future research directions are discussed.


As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, more and more strategies to combat this pandemic have been proposed, and the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 has been considered as one of the most potential therapies to terminate the pandemic. However, a few problems of it have been discovered during the whole investigation, such as instability, poor efficacy. Meanwhile, some researchers illustrated that improving the dose of mRNA vaccine to get better efficacy may induce worse adverse reactions due to the delivery of vaccine was 'lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)'. High level of LNPs would induce cell death by their toxicity, Therefore, some new modifications of mRNA should be paid attention and applied to produce the new mRNA vaccine. It is possible to promote the development of mRNA vaccine for better stability, efficacy, and lower price. This review introduces current modifications of mRNA vaccines for improved stability and discusses some novel ideas.


If compared the Theory of the Development Stage of Ancient state from the 3rd to the 7th textbooks, only the term of each stage was changed and basically the logical structure is same because the development stage and period of each country is very similar to each other. The 3rd textbook was narrated from the viewpoint of the theory of Tribal state, argued Ancient State was developed according to priority of 'Tribal State, Tribe Allied-bodies, Ancient State'. The 4th was narrated according to the theory of the development stage of 'State, Ancient Kingdom' because the theory of Tribal state was criticized and the theory of Walled-town State and the theory of Chiefdom Society was asserted. The 5th was narrated Ancient State was formed through the stages of 'Chiefdom State, Confederated Kingdom, Centralized State'. It was mixed the theory of Walled-town State and the theory of Chiefdom Society. Chiefdom State Confederated Kingdom were corresponded to Tribal State and Tribe Allied - bodies each other. The 6th was similar to the 5th, but was only narrated a term of State or Small State instead of Chiefdom State. Currently it was narrated Ancient State was formed through the stages of 'State, Confederated Kingdom, Ancient state' in the 7th high school Korean History textbook current. It was narrated Ko-Joson was the first state, and several countries like Buyeo, Coguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye, Samhan were developed into the stage of Confederated Kingdom, and just Goguryeo, Baekie, Silla became Ancient state. But it have to narrated the first State is Ancient state, and Ancient Period was began after formed the first State. On the one hand, it have to narrated the former period of Ancient Period is not the prehistoric age but the primitive age.


The purpose of this paper is to serve as a departure point for a discussion on the design of a course in Advanced Information Technologies, with a special emphasis upon providing students with the tools to identify new, emerging technologies. The paper also shares the experience of offering such a course to graduate students in Information Systems during the Spring of 1999, the Spring of 2001, and the Spring of 2002. The course was designed to engage the students in participatory learning exercises in order to give them experience differentiating emerging from simply new information technologies, using principles described early in the course.


Objective:In order to investigate the best method of distinguish benign tumor from malignant one,a study on types,characteristics and prevalence rate of thyroid node has been made.Method:CT,T 3.T 4.TSH.TPO.in plasma was determined together with the examination of ECG and ECT,CT,BUS,FNAB on thyroid glands.Results:Making a diagnosis to thyroid node.Conclusion:Therapy for a variety of thyroid node was given respectively.


Joe Moran has written about the banal and the boring; he has concentrated on the things we tend to overlook and ignore. Some may be surprised then, that he has produced a fascinating and absorbing study using cultural theory and intercultural studies to look at the spaces, practices, and mythologies of our everyday culture. He has looked into liminal spaces and times; he has looked into those chunks of time where we negotiate our way apparently only half aware, from one event to the next. Frustrated with much cultural studies work with its concentration on the ''creative and recreational'' (p. 11), he pushes forward boringness as a significant arena for reflection, simply because of its boringness; its unremarkability renders it important. This is not, however, a deconstruction of everyday moments in the style of Barthes' (1972; cited p. 22) Mythologies. Barthes' virtuoso analyses of the semiotic richness of magazine advertisements, cookery columns, and cars, for example, do not focus upon the kind of thing upon which Moran fixes his gaze. Moran is more interested in looking at areas which resist such a ''hermeneutically suggestive'' (p. 22) description. Drawing on the work of theorists who have expressed a similar fascination for the everyday, such as Auge, de Certeau, Lefebvre, Kracauer, and even Sartre, Moran puts together a discussion that is both complex and accessible. He holds together the threads of an argument where he talks about the relationship between the market, the public sphere, and ''ordinary people.'' Following Lefebvre, he argues that ''The everyday cannot be simply read like a literary text, because it is lived out in spaces and practices as much as in language and discourse'' (p. 22). This is a politically aware text, which finds its examples mainly from a UK/European context reflecting on how ideological values sift through everyday life like grains of sand, penetrating the everyday practices and routines of these cultures. Beginning with a focus on the phenomenon of the bus queue (including a number of somewhat quirky and engrossing details about bus stops), Moran moves to a discussion of a range of rituals and quotidian practices, such as those which pervade and constitute office life, the daily commute, traffic circulation, and mass housing. He reflects on what these show us about our values, both politically and socially, and provides an absorbing tour of the banal. Many


Latex allergy is a serious, possibly life threatening health hazard in the perioperative environment. Policy and procedures should be developed to identify patients who may be sensitive to latex and to ensure the avoidance of latex products in their care. Healthcare workers should also take steps to avoid exposure and protect themselves from hypersensitivity reactions. (non-author abstract)


This paper is to design the locational marginal pricing [LMP] under security constrained condition. The pricing framework of the regulated power market has same for normal and the contingency condition. So whenever the maximum power used from the customer, the massive blackouts occurs in the power system network due to exceeds the transmission limits. In deregulated power market having the LMP pricing method. The LMP is mainly used for contingency condition pricing of load at each location in secured manner. And also reduce the cost of the minimum load usage customer. Line outage and generation outage is consider in contingency analysis in security constrained optimal power flow and to calculate LMP in each location (bus) in IEEE-14 bus system by using power world simulator.


The objective of this work was to verify the role of the rubber tree cyanogenic glycosides in the incompatibility of the IPA 1 clone (Hevea brasiliensis) with budded crowns of clones of other species of Hevea. The activity of the following enzymes involved in the cyanide metabolism was determined: b-glycosidase, b-diglycosidase and b-cyanoalaninesynthase (b-CAS). These enzymes were studied in the stem bark of the clones IPA 1, Fx 3864 and Fx 4098. Clones of high and low cyanogenic potential (HCN-p) were crown budded on IPA 1, and the development of the budded plants was recorded. The HCN-p of young and mature leaves of other crown clones known as compatible or incompatible was determined. The b-CAS activity of IPA 1 was found to be as low as in noncyanogenic plants while it was very high in Fx 3864 and intermediate in Fx 4098. IPA 1 displayed higher b-glycosidase and b-diglycosidase activities, which, together with the very low b-CAS activity, determine the extreme sensitivity to cyanide of this clone. Crown clones of low HCN-p in young leaves were compatible, as well as those with high HCN-p in young leaves, but keeping it high in the mature. In incompatible clones the HCN-p is reduced in mature leaves. These evidences support the hypothesis that the incompatibility is caused by the translocation of linustatin, from the leaves to the stem of IPA 1. The incompatibility symptoms resemble some aspects of the Tapping Panel Dryness, suggesting a relationship of TPD with cyanogenesis.


Based on the research activity within the ISLE International Sustainability Network, this paper represents a step forward aiming to find some contacts points in the experiences some international cases (USA, Brazil, Italy and France) have grown in the development of agritourism in mountain contexts. Despite the singular differences and the national specificities, agritourism is generally considered a particular form of social innovation in agriculture and rural development of mountainous areas, aiming at recomposing the natural and the human dimensions within the framework of a new sustainable way of doing agriculture. At the basis of the research is the hypothesis that agritourism operations are slowly and gradually shifting towards a new perspective/model. Some years ago, agritourism was traditionally viewed as a way for farmers to integrate or diversify their incomes. Nowadays instead—as the diversity of practice has grown and new values have emerged—the range of farmers' motivations has become much broader. Some of these motivations include not only economic issues but also social, environmental and cultural ones, while addressing a more comprehensive idea of community-based and sustainable development. Case studies from South Carolina (USA), from Italian mountain regions, from Santa Catarina State in Brazil and from France are illustrated in which different innovation perspectives are highlighted.


Myrtaceae family is one of the largest family with a total of 140 genera and 4000 species from the woody shrub to the tall trees. This family is well known for having many potential biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antirheumatic, and anti-inflammmatory. In this study, several species were selected which are Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia chloranthum, Callistemon citrin us, and Eucalyptus paniculata as the samples to extract the essential oil. The extraction was conducted by hydro-distillation and the chemical compounds were identified and the percentage of chemical compositions were calculated by using GC-FID analysis. The major compound for Syzygium aromaticum was eugenol (72.75 78.18%), Eugenia chloranthllm was carvyl acetate (22.87%), Callistemon citrin us was a-terpinene (66.08%), and for Eucalyptus paniculata for leaves oil was p-cymene (48.56%) and for stem oil was a-phellandrene (54.40%). Biological activity e 'pecially antioxidant test and toxicity test on brine shrimp were performed on all the essential oils. The antioxidant test shows that Syzygium aromaticum has high antioxidant activity with value of ECso less than ]0 ppm and for Eugenia chloranthum, Callistemon citrinus, and Eucalyptus paniculata show low antioxidanl activity with value of ECso more than 1000 ppm. For toxicity test on Artemia salina, the essential oil ' ofSyzygium aromaticum shows toxicity with value of LCso at 46.8 ppm and for Eugenia chloranthum and Callistemon citrin us show less toxic as the value of LCso more than 100 ppm as the number of death were Ie s than Syzygium aromaticum.


PURPOSE: A method for preventing wrong operation of input devices is provided to prevent troubles generated when the input devices of a trackball, a keyboard of a notebook computer body, are wrongly operated, under a condition that a liquid crystal display panel is closed. CONSTITUTION: A method for preventing wrong operation of input devices under a condition that a liquid crystal display panel is closed, comprises the steps of: detecting that a reed switch of the notebook computer is changed into an 'off' state from an 'on' state; turning off a liquid crystal display of the notebook computer; inactivating an operation of a keyboard; detecting that the reed switch is changed into the 'on' state from the 'off' state; turning on the liquid crystal display; and activating the operation of the keyboard.


In the present article a detailed investigation of the pregnant artistic
elements and the receiving elements of the operatic spectacle in the city of
Valencia during the monarchy of Alfonso XII has been carried out. The objective
of this study has been to know firsthand the general features of this theatrical
modality in the Levantine capital during the brief reign of the monarch.
Although during this period the opera in Valencia shows more lights than
shadows, it is no less true that the decade between the years 1875-1885 will be
the anticipation of an increase in operatic activity that will reach during the
Regency of Maria Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena and the monarchy of Alfonso
XIII the moment of fullness.


This is a guide to the use of standard pump units as a low-cost alternative to conventional turbines to provide electricity generation in remote locations. The text is written as a practical handbook for engineers and technicians involved in designing and installing small water-power schemes for isolated communities. This book arises out of the practical experience of field work in village location in a number of countries. Arthur Williams has worked with the Intermediate Technology Development Group on micro-hydro since 1987. He completed a PhD at the Nottingham Trent University on the use of pumps as turbines, and continues to work there as a Senior Research Fellow. He has his own engineering consultancy, Hydro-Active Engineering, and has worked in Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Guyana.


I review the status of theoretical predictions for events containing a W or Z boson and jets, one or more of which may include heavy quarks. Special attention is paid to comparisons between different theoretical approaches and with the latest experimental data.


Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, first developed almost 40 years ago, possess physical properties that make them ideal temporary intravenous oxygen carriers for a variety of clinical indications where tissues may be at risk of hypoxia. The first commercial development of an injectable PFC emulsion occurred over 25 years ago when the Green Cross Corporation (Osaka, Japan) produced Fluosol, a 20% w/v PFC emulsion emulsified primarily with Pluronic F-68, a synthetic poloxamer. In 1989, Fluosol became the only synthetic oxygen carrier approved by the FDA for use as an adjunct to high-risk coronary balloon angioplasty. Some limitations of this first generation product, however, included the need for frozen storage of the stem emulsion, the need to thaw and subsequently mix with annex solutions prior to use, and short product stability (8 hours) after reconstitution. Over the past 10 years, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. (San Diego) has been developing Oxygent, an improved second-generation PFC emulsion based on perflubron (perfluorooctyl bromide; C8F17Br). This concentrated 60% w/v perflubron-based formulation is emulsified with lecithin as the only surfactant, has a median particle diameter of ∼ 0.17 μm, and can be stored for ∼ 2 years with standard refrigeration. Perflubron emulsion is presently in late-stage clinical testing as a temporary intravenous oxygen carrier in surgical patients, and is being developed in conjunction with Baxter Healthcare Corporation.


Background We determined appropriate survival prediction machine learning models for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using the "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results" (SEER) database. Methods In total, 4039 patients diagnosed with OPSCC between 2004 and 2016 were enrolled in this study. In particular, 13 variables were selected and analyzed: age, sex, tumor grade, tumor size, neck dissection, radiation therapy, cancer directed surgery, chemotherapy, T stage, N stage, M stage, clinical stage, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status. The T-, N-, and clinical staging were reconstructed based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 8th Edition. The patients were randomly assigned to a development or test dataset at a 7:3 ratio. The extremely randomized survival tree (EST), conditional survival forest (CSF), and DeepSurv models were used to predict the overall and disease-specific survival in patients with OPSCC. A 10-fold cross-validation on a development dataset was used to build the training and internal validation data for all models. We evaluated the predictive performance of each model using test datasets. Results A higher c-index value and lower integrated Brier score (IBS), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) indicate a better performance from a machine learning model. The C-index was the highest for the DeepSurv model (0.77). The IBS was also the lowest in the DeepSurv model (0.08). However, the RMSE and RAE were the lowest for the CSF model. Conclusions We demonstrated various machine-learning-based survival prediction models. The CSF model showed a better performance in predicting the survival of patients with OPSCC in terms of the RMSE and RAE. In this context, machine learning models based on personalized survival predictions can be used to stratify various complex risk factors. This could help in designing personalized treatments and predicting prognoses for patients.


In order to seek the economical, practical and effective method of obtaining the thickness of broken rock zone, an emerging intelligent prediction method with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was introduced into the thickness prediction. And the software with functions of creating and applying prediction systems was developed on the platform of MATLAB6.5. The software was used to predict the broken rock zone thickness of drifts at Liangbei coal mine, Xinlong Company of Coal Industry in Xuchang city of Henan province. The results show that the predicted values accord well with the in situ measured ones. Thereby the validity of the software is validated and it provides a new approach to obtaining the broken zone thickness.


The article investigates a microstrip line (MSL) with two side grounded conductors having rectangular and rounded shapes of conductors. Each shape of conductors was simulated in the TALGAT system, and the values of the per-unit-Iength capacitance of the line $(C)$ and the per-unit-Iength capacitance of the line in vacuum $(C_{0})$ were calculated. The results demonstrated good convergence when the thicknesses of conductors were $t=18,35,70$, and $105\mu\mathrm{m}$ for two shapes of conductors. The results obtained did not confirm the lower computational costs with rounded conductors, compared with rectangular ones, and important causes of this were revealed. In the meantime, it was found that the rounding has a considerable influence on secondary characteristics. For example, when thickness increases, the difference of per-unit-length delays rises from 1.58% to 2.56%, while the difference of wave impedance rises from 2.14% to 4.67%. Moreover, we also considered an important case of grounding the side conductors at the ends rather than along the central conductor. This case allows this MSL to be used as a modal filter (MF) for protection against ultrashort pulses based on their modal decomposition into two lower amplitude pulses. In this case, with rounded conductors, the difference of per-unit-length modal delays decreases up to 8.25%. It decreases the duration of USPs that will be completely decomposed in MF and, therefore, deteriorates the protection. Thus, accurate modelling of the conductor shape can be critical for simulating such protective devices.


Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0, which refer to the integration of physical industrial machinery with software, internet, along with network sensors, actuators, and other industrial components, are discussed intensively. These technologies provide decantation of manufacturing with cloud-based manufacturing system (CBMS). Since the CBMS enables cross sourcing between connected companies, higher utilization of manufacturing facilities and reduction of manufacturing lead time of products seem to be brought in these companies. As a result, these companies can reduce production cost. We have developed new concept of CBMS which implements dynamical generation of common manufacturing-bill of materials (M-BOM) from engineering-bill of materials (E-BOM). Simulation study on the effectiveness of the CBMS is summarized.


The introduction of techniques of artificial intelligence in software of control and decision is an essential element in research and development of tomorrow's power systems. Neural networks are among the techniques most used in the field of artificial intelligence. The economic dispatch is a key sector in the electricity networks, where it must generate less energy for the same demand with good economic operation reducing repartition grid losses to have the least cost of kWh possible. In this paper, we will opt for a quicker economic dispatch; we will program a mesh network of 8 buses including 3 generation units using traditional program then backpropagation learning neural network program, finally, we will compare the two programs in terms of speed and reliability.


Yang, Hae-SugABSTRACT A welding structures is generally composed of dissimilar steel materials in order to reduce weight and cost, and has a gap to fill the welding agent. Also, heat flow analysis should be fulfilled for structure existing of gap to figure out residual stress which is generated after welding. Since mechanical properties of welding structure composed of dissimilar steel is more fragile than mechanical properties of welding structure consisted of same material, heat flow analysis verifying this should be fulfilled as well. Therefore, on this research, heat flow analysis about dissimilar steel weldment consisted of gap existing AISI304 and AISI630 is practiced so that it could be a basic data of research about mechanical properties of gap existing dissimilar steel welding part which is going to be studied later on. During heat flow analysis, heat input model which based on Gaussian profile and using volume heat flux was newly consisted and applied. In addition, for verifying of analysis on this research, gap existing dissimilar steel weldment which had gap of 0.25mm and was welded using Nd-YAG. The welding profile and temperature distribution for weldment during welding was compared to the result which was gotten through heat flow analysis. Both of those results corresponded each other.


In dispatching a taxi fleet to meet random customer demand, two types of strategies must be defined: (a) the dispatching strategy, which sets the rules for choosing a taxi to serve a given call, and (b) the idle time strategy, which determines how the idle taxis are to be distributed most advantageously to meet future demand. The effect of dispatching and idle-time strategies on taxi utilization and on passenger service is demonstrated under several conditions of operation. First, the simples taxi model is examined: random demand between two points serviced by one taxi. Next, we consider the effect of different strategies on the operation of a taxi fleet when demand is uniformly distributed in a two-dimensional region. In the last section, the main properties of these simplified models are exhibited in an intermediate case by a Monte Carlo simulation of taxi service between a number of discrete points. The purpose of the paper is to provide simple and practical methods to determine the payoff in customer waiting time and/or taxi savings resulting from more sophisticated dispatching and idle-time strategies. We conclude that good taxi redistribution policies markedly decrease customer waiting times, except when the level of taxi utilization is too high. Our results apply most directly to private transportation fleets, rather than to automobile taxi companies where cruising may be important.


Aiming at the problem of water waste in the traditional greenhouse vegetable irrigation, economic irrigation schedule of three kinds of vegetables (tomato, cucumber and eggplant) were studied. The experiment was carried out in the North Country Spring Agricultural Demonstration Park in Wuqing District, Tianjin, from April 2018 to December 2018. Three vegetables were tested in 100% (no drought) and 50% (drought) irrigation. The water balance method was used to simulate the change of soil moisture content under greenhouse drip irrigation. The crop coefficient parameters, the temperature stress index, water stress index and dry matter conversion factor were determined using the measured data. The results show that the parameters have good applicability and can be used to describe the effects of water and temperature stress on crop growth and yield. Based on the objective of maximum economic benefit per unit area, the economic irrigation schedule of crops was determined. The analysis showed that the use of the economic irrigation schedule can save the irrigation water and increase production.


Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery address the needs of alphanumeric databases. Text Mining is directed at textbases. The implications are that the equivalent of Knowledge Discovery is Undiscovered Public Knowledge. If this is true, this work could be the most important effort underway today" [http://www.tryb.org/tmkd/id1_cf.htm]. In this paper, we show how Text Mining techniques can be used in analysis of Internet and newspaper news. We present a method that focuses on the current topics of opinion appearing in the news, ill ustrating the method mostly with Spanish examples. This method uses a classical statistical model based on distributions analysis, average calculus and standard deviation computation to discover information about how society interests are changing and in which direction this change points. We also describe a method to identify important current topics of opinion, those that lead to stabilit y within a period of time.


An analysis of genotype x environment interaction was perfomed on grain yields of twenty-four genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown at five different locations in Rio Grande do Sul. The stability parameters were estimated by the linear regression model of EBERHART & RUSSEL (1966). In addition, the environmental index of the model was obtained through wheather variables and disease index. The best estimator of the environment was the usual environmental index, whereas the weather variables and disease index failled to provide a good estimation.


Given a metric space $(X,d)$, we say that a mapping $\chi: [X]^{2}\longrightarrow\{0.1\}$ is an isometric coloring if $d(x,y)=d(z,t)$ implies $\chi(\{x,y\})=\chi(\{z,t\})$. A free ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ on an infinite metric space $(X,d)$ is called metrically Ramsey if, for every isometric coloring $\chi$ of $[X]^{2}$, there is a member $U\in\mathcal{U}$ such that the set $[U]^{2}$ is $\chi$-monochrome. We prove that each infinite ultrametric space $(X,d)$ has a countable subset $Y$ such that each free ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ on $X$ satisfying $Y\in\mathcal{U}$ is metrically Ramsey. On the other hand, it is an open question whether every metrically Ramsey ultrafilter on the natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$ with the metric $|x-y|$ is a Ramsey ultrafilter. We prove that every metrically Ramsey ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ on $\mathbb{N}$ has a member with no arithmetic progression of length 2, and if $\mathcal{U}$ has a thin member then there is a mapping $f:\mathbb{N}\longrightarrow\omega $ such that $f(\mathcal{U})$ is a Ramsey ultrafilter.


This book is first a history of the Radiation Laboratory set up by Earnest Orlando Lawrence at Berkeley, California. Also, a new history of nuclear experimental physics beginning with the work on nuclear disintegrations by Crockcroft and Walton in 1932 and carried through Chadwick's hypothesis of the neutron, Joliot's discovery of artificial radiation, and Fermi's demonstrations of the importance of slow neutrons up to fission studies and the discovery of plutonium by Seaborg is provided. The attitudes in Europe toward accelerators are detailed. The book is also a study of power games played by scientists among themselves and in their dealings with politicians, industrialists, and the press. About two-thirds of the items cited in the notes to the book are from private letters.


Critical Infrastructures are widely perceived as the backbone of today's society and awareness about their security needs is constantly growing. Due to the fact that infrastructures are no longer a public-authority monopoly, investments in security and resilience need to be proven effective and cost-efficient vis-à-vis the emerging challenging and the issues at stake. Decision makers need to assess their investments alternatives by means of scenario modelling tools, such as the CRISADMIN Decision Support System. The CRISADMIN project aim at realizing a DSS based on a system dynamic model of critical infrastructures' interdependencies, able to provide information on the impact of critical events on the infrastructures in object. The paper describe the CRISADMIN applied methodology to model Critical Infrastructures interdependencies, focusing specifically on the energy supply and telecommunication network.


The article examines the field of risks of cross-border integration processes of innovative technological development of socio-ecological and economic systems. The aim of the work is the formalization of approaches to the description and structuring of the risk field on the example of cross-border integration processes of innovative technological development of socio-ecological and economic systems. The paper suggests definitions of concepts: cross-border integration risk, environmental risk, innovation risk. The socioecological and economic system is viewed as an ordered set, representing a combination of natural, social and economic elements, united by local and/or global, mutually supporting flows of matter, energy and information. The authors are showing that the fundamental factors that predetermine the emergence of risks of cross-border integration processes of innovative technological development of socio-ecological and economic systems are uncertainty and emergence. The authors are showing that the fundamental factors are the class-species characteristics of a multitude of factors of cross-border integration processes of innovative technological development of socio-ecological and economic systems, processes of innovative technological development of socio-ecological-economics systems is carried out in a specific environment – Risk field. The paper suggests an approach to structuring and prioritizing the risks of implementing transboundary innovative interaction in the context of environmentally-oriented innovative development, as well as an approach to determining the risk of loss of stability of the system as a fundamental property of its existence.


In this work, the laser-induced voltage (LIV) of a selected commercial coffee was studied. We focused on the electrically tunable LIV response under a krypton fluoride (KrF) pulsed laser irradiation. The typical LIV transient consisted of three components of fast rise within 40 ns, slower rise from 0.04 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 \mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and attenuation after <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 \mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The response process was fit by the sum of the three exponential functions, which was in agreement with the measured LIV data. The time dependences of LIV were tuned strongly by bias voltage and laser energy. Higher laser energy and bias voltage enhanced LIV, in contrast the rise time and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), were negatively correlated with laser energy and bias voltage. The LIV decay time was shortened significantly by reducing the adjustable resister parallel to the coffee sample. When an impendence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> was applied, the LIV trace was almost triangular and symmetrical, and the response time was completely limited by the laser pulse duration. Furthermore, the LIV response increases with laser energy.


The preparation of lithium tris(dimethylamino)silylamide, [(Me3N)3SiNHLi]4, 2, and its reaction with aluminium trichloride to give tris(dimethylamino)silylamino)(tetrahydrofuran)alane, (C4H8O)Al[NHSi(NMe2)3]3, 3, and bis(tetrahydrofuran)lithium tetrakis(tris(dimethylamino)silylamino)alanate, Li(THF)2+[((Me2N)3SiNH)4Al]−, 6, is reported, together with the crystal structures of 2, 3 and 6. Tris(dimethylamino)alane, ((Me2N)3SiNH)3Al, was obtained by reaction of tris(dimethylamino)silylamine with aluminium triethyl. The ammonolytic gelation of 3 to an imidoaluminosilicate gel is also described.


Few instruments or studies have been designed to measure the degree of stigmatization experienced by college and University students with disabilities. Yet, many researchers acknowledge through qualitative studies and other forms of experiential data that postsecondary students with disabilities do in fact encounter significant stigma effects. This study focused on the development, testing, and preparation for wider use of a Likert-type survey to measure self-reported degrees of stigmatization in college students with self-disclosed disabilities. The development of the Postsecondary Student Survey of Disability-Related Stigma (PSSDS) is part of a growing post-ADA effort to reduce stigma and make postsecondary education more accessible for students with disabilities. Few issues in higher education have been more challenging and groundbreaking than the increasing application to and attendance of college by students with physical and psychological disabilities. Students with disabilities are attending two year and four year postsecondary institutions in record numbers. On the positive side, this is part of a larger trend in higher education that is moving in the direction of true universal access (Rose, Harbour, Johnson, Daley, & Abarbanell, 2006). However, as students with disabilities break through initial access barriers, they often discover that a complex layer of social barriers still remain beneath the surface, potentially interfering with their success. In simpler terms, it's not enough to simply get students with disabilities to college; it is tantamount to address the problems they face once they are actually there (Janiga & Costenbader, 2002; Trammell, 2005; Venezia, 2003). Arguably, the most significant barrier to ongoing success and access for college students with disabilities remains a latent disability stigma. Stigma, for the purposes of this study, is defined as the social, academic, and psychological consequences of disclosing a disability, in this case formally to the disability support office. Students who self-disclose in order to receive accommodations for their disability place themselves at greater risk on a number of levels, possibly being subjected to: negative stereotypes associated with disability, inaccurate assessments of their ability to complete college level work, inappropriate judgments by peers, lack of accommodations outside of the classroom, or even increased likelihood of self-doubt and academic anxiety. Unfortunately, from a research standpoint the qualification and quantification of such stigma effects is notably difficult (Davis, 2006; Hartmann, 2003; Trammell, 2006; Wahl & NetLibrary Inc., 1999). Coupled with the research challenges of studying perceived stigma is the difficulty of semantics. The labels used to define learning or learning-related disabilities—dyslexia, attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), bi-polar disorder—are modern inventions (though the disorders have been present for centuries) that result in inherently unstable identities (Davis, 2002). Young individuals with dyslexia, for example, have barely had to time to understand what dyslexia is, let alone what it means in a larger sense to be an individual with dyslexia. Few college disability support personnel would suggest that students with disabilities presently come to college equipped with a sophisticated disability identity, or have developed proficient adult skills in managing that identity (Perry & Franklin, 2006; Peters, 2006; Weyandt & DuPaul, 2006). In the current postsecondary environment, more students with disabilities are attending college even as outdated and persistent barriers relating to disability stigma remain in place (Eudaly, 2002; Trammell, 2002a). The degree to which college students experience disability stigma firsthand has not been examined with the rigor that the demographic shifts might suggest would be helpful. Adequate attention has not been paid to disability (particularly in 18 to 22 year olds) as a stigmatizing identity in the postsecondary environment, especially in comparison to gender, race, and cultural studies. Disability in the postsecondary environment has essentially been neglected (Davis, 2002). This is in contrast to the P-12 research conducted over the last 30 years or more in the public schools relating to disability, which has resulted in a highly evolved etiology of special education and normalization (Bakker & Bosman, 2003; S. Field, Sarver, & Shaw, 2003; Wong & Donahue, 2002). College students are rightly expected to be more independent and adept at self-monitoring than younger students. Assuming that they are equipped to handle complex social exchanges involving disability is at best erroneous and at worst discriminatory. Dating back to sociologist Erving Goffman's research on stigma in the 1960s, there is now a growing trail of evidence that suggests that disability becomes more difficult, rather than less difficult, to process as adults. Children at least have the small advantage of naivety; adults, on the other hand, generally have a better grasp of the group norms and rules, and are therefore more sensitive to their violation. College students, as adults, are quite vulnerable to real and/or perceived stigmatization when those violations occur (Canu & Carlson, 2004; Crocker & Quinn, 2000; Goffman, 1963; Levin & Laar, 2006; Olney, Brockelman, Kennedy, & Newsome, 2004; Price, Gerber, Mulligan, & Williams, 2005). The degree of stigmatization, and the aspects of the college experience it most likely impacts, is suggested but far from quantified by past research. There is evidence, for example, that college students with disabilities may be hesitant to disclose to the college or University that they have a disability, in part because of the anticipated negative consequences of that action; that college students with disabilities may worry that accommodations will give them an unfair advantage, or that it will appear to others that they are not competitive; and on the positive side, studies suggest that students with disabilities have a genuine motivation to become more independent as learners after high school, and see the college transition experience as an opportunity to create a new, more autonomous, student identity (Janiga & Costenbader, 2002; Olney & Brockelman, 2005; Price et al., 2005; Trammell, 2000, 2003b; Trammell & Hathaway, 2007). These anxieties can be compounded by a lingering notion that students with disabilities are not retained and do not graduate at the same rates as their peers without disabilities, in spite of the fact that some studies suggest otherwise (Belch, 2004; Getzel, 2008; Gilbert, 1996; Sydow & Sandel, 1996; Vincent, 1983; Wessel, Jones, Markle, & Westfall, 2009). Lack of disability accommodation is not tracked with the same rigor and consistency as more traditional variables for retention, such as socio-economic status, or established measures of student engagement. Few instruments exist to measure quality of college experience as it relates to disability. This is compounded by research deficits in the areas of postsecondary disability stigma, postsecondary disability and academic achievement, and community attitudes about disabilities at colleges and universities (Belch, 2004; Getzel, 2008; Reaser, Prevatt, Petschre, & Proctor, 2007; Seven Parent Populations, 2006; Trammell, 2003b; Wessel et al., 2009). Taking into account all of these trends and situations, a timely argument can be made that the research community needs better ways to quantify postsecondary disability stigma. To put the matter in Foucauldian terms, power relationships between subjects and oppressors cannot be exposed until there is an open acknowledgement or recognition that oppression is actually occurring. The Postsecondary Student Survey of Disability-Related Stigma (PSSDS) was born of the quest to carefully measure and expose disability stigma that postsecondary students experience (Campbell, 2005; Gregory & Satterfield, 2002; Tremain, 2005).


Introduction: The opening-stages of the cervix during baby-delivery-process is a physiological condition. In any case, if the interaction is excessively long, whenever left unchecked, it can influence the mother's condition as weariness, dread, stress, and stress that can expand agony and influence the conveyance cycle. The reason for this investigation was to break down the impact of murottal or reading Al-Qur'an treatment on the advancement of the main phase of work in the dynamic period of primigravida mothers.
Methods: The research is utilized pre-experimental with a pre-posttest design. The participants in this study was 102 primigravida mothers who emanated to the VK Maternity who met the inclusion conditions with the sampling technique utilizing the accidental sampling method. Data collection comprises coding, editing, and tabulating, then the data is scrutinized by computer using the paired t-test with P-Value = 0.05.
Results: The results exposed that the average cervical dilatation before murottal therapy was 5.46, the average after murottal therapy was 8.95. Paired t-test showed that there was an effect after murottal therapy. There is an increment in the amassing of cervical dilatation after murottal Al-Qur'an treatment. The examination presumes that there is an impact of murottal Al-Qur'an treatment on the advancement of the main phase of work in the dynamic period of primigravida mothers.
Conclusion: The use of murottal Al-Qur'an treatment to primigravida mothers is extremely huge in aiding smooth the advancement of baby-delivery as far as the cervical opening. With the goal that the baby-delivery-process is simpler for the mother to live.


Hospital TQM system is designed to fit China′s specifics, based on the Total Quality Management(TQM)theory and integrating the system theory concepts, comprising two structural modules of perceived quality and non-perceived quality.The former is a trinity framework made up of patient satisfaction, employee commitment and social reputation, while the latter is a management system featuring "Six pillars and six columns" , constituting a three-dimensional management for integrated operation and integration of the hospital.

Key words:
Total quality management; Perceived quality; Non-perceived quality; Management system


We give the definition of angles on a Gromov-Hausdorff limit space of a sequence of complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with a lower Ricci curvature bound. We apply this to prove there is a weakly second order differential structure on these spaces and prove there is a unique Levi-Civita connection allowing us to define the Hessian of a twice differentiable function.


Firms located in industrial districts are acknowledged to benefit from externalities of geographic colocation, like access to specialized inputs and labour skills, better infrastructure and so on. Nevertheless, there is no clear empirical evidence that their performance is, on average, better than that of 'isolated' firms. I argue that a contingent approach is required to better explore the relationship between clustering and performance and suggest that access to external, more codified and 'scientific' knowledge, that complement informal and tacit knowledge developed within an industrial district, is of increasing importance as a source of competitiveness both for a district as a whole and for individual district firms. After illustrating main features of 'public' and 'private' cross-locality networks as possible ways to facilitate access to external knowledge for an industrial district, I propose a theoretical framework that, with the aid of some Italian cases, explores conditions of access, complementary roles and impact of cross-locality networks on performance both of an industrial district as a whole and of individual firms located in it.