In the early part of the century, interest in the role of nutrition in liver disease focused primarily on the notion that fundamental dietary constituents could modify or protect against acute experimental liver injury in animals.' As more data accumulated, it became apparent that the combination of adequate body protein stores and energy, supplied principally in the form of carbohydrates could serve to both protect the liver against injury and to promote repair following injury.' The extension of these approaches to the nutritional management of acute or chronic liver diseases in humans soon followed with the recognition that recovery from acute viral hepatitis could often be enhanced by a high fat diet3, while the outlook of chronic liver disease could be influenced by the supplemental supply of essential nutrients, in particular protein and B vitamins.' The obvious extension to these observations was the development of the hypothesis that in alcohol-induced liver disease the associated state of malnutrition played a dominant role in the pathogenesis of liver injury. Mezey, in his chapter on interactions between alcohol and nutrition, addresses these issues of pathogenesis and provides recent information on the role of putative protective agents such as lecithin, choline and S-adenosylmethionine. While some of the pathogenesis concepts, which are being currently explored, constitute a revisiting of the half-century old theories of lipotropic factor deficiencies, the newer experimental approaches provide considerably deeper insights into the mechanisms of liver injury, fibrogenesis and of repair. The reparative response of the liver to injury, consisting of reconstitution of liver stroma and the replacement of dead or dying parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, is a critical factor in the outcome. Anne Mae Diehl addresses this vitally important issue and provides a critical analysis of the nutritional factors which are thought to play a role in the preservation of liver function and in the regenerative response following the loss of functioning liver mass. She reviews the current concepts of hepatic growth factors and their interactions with hormones and nutritional constituents. The complexity of these interactions is emphasized in terms of both nutritionallmetabolic and proliferative consequences. More specifically, she underscores how alcohol may interfere with regenerative responses by interfering with polyamine biosynthesis. Turning from specific effects of malnutrition in liver cell regeneration, there has been a greatly increased awareness in the last decade of the other side of the nutrition-liver interaction, namely the effects of liver disease on protein, energy, and vitamin and mineral metabolism. McCullough and Tavill review the concepts of disordered protein and energy metabolism in liver disease, which have evolved with the exploitation of whole body stable isotope studies in humans. When combined with more classical metabolic balance studies, these experiments have yielded very interesting insights in to disordered protein metabolism in chronic liver disease. Although opinions remain divided as to whether chronic liver disease is primarily a disorder of increased protein catabolism or is rather one of diminished anabolism because of disordered supply or processing of nutrients, there is a general consensus that significant protein-calorie malnutrition has a profound negative impact on prognosis. Porayko, DiCecco and O'Keefe extend these prognostic implications to patients with liver disease, before and after orthotopic liver transplantation, and they discuss methods of therapeutic intervention which can improve or prevent the negative effects of malnutrition. These therapeutic approaches are also relevant for the maintenance therapy of patients with chronic liver disease who are not under immediate consideration for transplantation. Munoz provides an in-depth, critical review of both enteral and parenteral methods of nutritional supplementation. In particular, there is a timely discussion of the relative benefits of standard and branched chain amino acid formulations, as well as the role of casein and vegetable protein-based diets. The use of other non-traditional supplements, such as keto analogues of branched chain amino acids, fructose-glucose combinations, and medium chain triglycerides are also explored. Nutritional factors have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Not only do these factors influence overall survival, but they may also play a vital role in the formation of a variety of putative encephalopathic metabolic intermediates. Mullen and Weber discusses how dietary constituents may be involved in all of the currently held theories of pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. While no single theory can be upheld, they show how therapeutic intervention aimed at some of the accepted final common pathways can be of considerable benefit in both treatment and prevention of disabling hepatic encephalopathy.


OBJECTIVE
To review clinical practice with regards to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury patients and to propose guidelines.

METHODS
The retrospective study was conducted at Al Rass General Hospital, Saudi Arabia, and comprised medical records of all traumatic brain injury patients admitted to the Neurosurgery Department between November, 2017, and January, 2018. Data was noted using a proforma. Literature review was done to ascertain best clinical evidence and proposed guidelines for practice.

RESULTS
Of the 26 patients, 23(88.5 %) were males, and 3(11.5 %) were females. The overall mean age was 32.2±13.4 years. Of the total, 8(30.8%) patients had mechanical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, while 1(3.8%) received enoxaparin as chemoprophylaxis. There were no reported thromboembolic events or complications related to enoxaparin usage.

CONCLUSIONS
The usage of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was found to be low in clinical practice. A modified Parkland Model approach seemed the most appropriate to avoid venous thromboembolism related events.


A lot of information on the normal and pathological physiology of heart can be obtained in the form of ECG. The irregularity of heart resembles the shape of ECG. One cardiac cycle of ECG signal consists of characteristic points P-QRS-T. The amplitudes and intervals values of P-QRS-T segment determine the functioning of heart of every human. If the electrical activity of the heart is irregular, faster, or slower than normal this is considered as abnormality in ECG signals. In this paper a Signal processing algorithm, which is the combination of both Frequency and Time analysis is used to identify P-QRS-T points. R-peak detection is the first step in characteristic points detection, for identifying R-peak, wavelet transform (sym4) decomposition method (Frequency domain) is used. After R-peak detection other characteristic points are detected by tracing to and fro from R-peak (Time domain). In this five cases of ECG signals are tested specifically for a Normal Person; Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), Atrial fibrillation (AF), Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), Cardiac Ischemia (CI) and Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). A total of 73 Abnormal ECG signals are taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmias database and Results are evaluated using MATLAB R2014a software.


We investigate the problem of deriving adaptive posterior rates of contraction on $L^{\infty}$ balls in density estimation. Although it is known that log-density priors can achieve optimal rates when the true density is sufficiently smooth, adaptive rates were still to be proven. Recent works have shown that the so called spike-and-slab priors can achieve optimal rates of contraction under $L^{\infty}$ loss in white-noise regression and multivariate regression with normal errors. Here we show that a spike-and-slab prior on the log-density also allows for (nearly) optimal rates of contraction in density estimation under $L^{\infty}$ loss. Interestingly, our results hold without lower bound on the smoothness of the true density.


This case-report describes a 15-year-old girl who presented at the outpatient department with iron-defiency anemia. Physical examination showed a mass in the left upper quadrant. Additional ultrasound, MRI and gastroscopy revealed a large trichobezoar and extensive bleeding ulcera in the stomach. The trichobezoar was successfully removed during surgery. Patient recovery was complete, and psychiatric treatment was initiated to prevent relapse of trichotillomania and trichophagia.


The prediction of surface drift of water is an important task, with applications such as marine transport, pollutant dispersion, and search-and-rescue activities. However, it is also very challenging, because it depends on ocean models that (usually) do not completely accurately represent wind-induced current, that do not include wave-driven currents, etc. However, the real surface drift depends on all present physical phenomena, which moreover interact in complex ways.


3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'Ecstasy') shares psychoactive effects with drugs that possess stimulant (e.g. amphetamine, the effects of which are primarily dopaminergic) and hallucinogenic properties (e.g. LSD, which has serotonergic effects) [1]. The majority of MDMA's distinctive effects as well as its toxicity have been linked to its actions on serotonergic neurotransmission [2]. One way in which MDMA's serotonergic effects can be studied is to train rats to distinguish dopaminergic stimulant effects from mood and perception-altering serotonergic effects using a three-way drug discrimination paradigm [3].


Abstract Abstract-The high-temperature decomposition kinetics of nitric oxide have been investigated in shock-heated mixtures of NO, H2, and either argon or krypton. Initial NO:H2 ratios ranged from 1:2 to 2:1, with the inert diluent making up 90 percent of the test gas in all cases. Two high-speed infrared detectors were used to monitor the infrared emission from nitric oxide and water vapor. Calculations using a seventeen-reaction kinetic model indicate that the rate-limiting reaction for NO decomposition is the reaction of NO with atomic hydrogen,Math The chemical rate constant for this reaction, k1, could be determined accurately by optimizing agreement between calculated and measured emission records for NO and H2O. The Arrhenius-type expression which best tits the data from 21 shock tube experiments in the temperature range from 2400 K to 4200 K is Math.


Abstract : The performance of straight-fin and microchannel heat exchangers was investigated in steady and periodic flows. Steady flow measurements were performed using an open test section wind tunnel. Periodic flow measurements were performed using a thermoacoustic cooler prototype. Detailed temperature measurements were made for varying operating conditions using thermocouple arrays. The results suggest that nondimensional heat transfer coefficients based on stack end temperatures calculated from steady flow data may be applicable to predict the thermal performance in a periodic flow, provided the root-mean-square local particle velocity is used as the velocity scale. The accuracy of rms-based steady flow correlations may be comparable or in some cases better than that of linearized boundary layer models frequently used in thermoacoustics.


Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). Because people with MS are more likely to be born in


Simla, the summer capital of the supreme government, of the Punjab government and of the army head-quarters, is situated on several small spurs of the lower Himalayas, at a mean elevation of about 7,100 feet above sea level.


An experiment was performed to determine whether there would be a difference in insight between an inferential problem expressed in a symbolic and in a realistic form. The task consisted of the selection of cards which, if turned over, could violate a given rule. The logical relation which the rule expressed was that of material implication, presented in four different linguistic forms. In addition, the rule expressed either an arbitrary relation between symbols, or a realistic relation between supposed states of affairs. There was a large difference between the symbolic condition and realistic condition: only 7 out of 24 subjects made the correct response in the symbolic condition, whereas 18 of them did so in the realistic condition. There was an interaction between the linguistic form of the rule and the mode of presentation of the problem, and a different error pattern for different linguistic forms. It is argued that the crucial underlying variables in the realistic condition may be revealed by manipulating those variables in concrete material which affect insight.


Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VNET) are special types of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), which are very continuously network, in which nodes are divisive due to mobility. Delay tolerant network (DTN) follows the approach to store and forward the message. Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are networks that do not require immediate data delivery and these network data can wait for a specific time period before transferring. High mobility of VANET nodes and introduces many challenges due to rapid topology changes in VANAT. After considering the major challenges involved in DNT-enabled VNET, various types of routing protocols are presented by design and researchers. This letter provides a survey of VNET, DTN and routing protocols for DNTN enabled VNET.


We describe and illustrate a new species of velvet spider from Iran, L. venatica sp. n., the first species of this genus outside of the Mediterranean region. We also resurrect Eresus jerbae from synonym, as a distinct and valid Loureedia species, L.jerbae comb.n, and record this genus to Jordan for the first time. We map the distribution of all available observations of L.venatica sp.n. and L.jerbae comb.n, based on museum specimens and on photographic records, using these observations, and the uncertainty therein, to estimate the species range and how it would be classified under the IUCN Red List. Addressing two of the obstacles to the conservation of poorly known taxa, the Linnaean shortfall, by increasing the number of described species, and the Wallacean shortfall, by increasing current knowledge of species distribution as well as their range. We also found that Loureedia jerbae comb.n. from Tunisia is been sold as an exotic pet, and that photos of Iranian Loureedia venatica sp.n. are being used to advertise the sale of this genus in the pet trade. We discuss the impacts this likely causes to these species, as well these species extinction risk under the IUCN Red List.


by concentrating on two communities that were closer to one another and connected, rather than divided, by a geographical entity—the Ohio River. Building on the work of historians such as Nicole Etcheson, Rockenbach reveals that citizens of border towns intentionally emphasized their similarities with one another and avidly worked to maintain peace as war loomed. United in their efforts to build a herrenvolk democracy, these settlers shared a potent desire to create and maintain a social order founded on white supremacy. Second, Rockenbach traces the breakdown of conciliation and the increasing divergence between the political cultures of northern Kentucky and southern Indiana as the Civil War progressed. He points to a variety of breaking points that turned the two areas against one another, including the Abraham Lincoln administration's decision to emancipate slaves in the Confederate South. In so doing, Rockenbach highlights his conclusion that although settlers in the two areas had much in common with one another, the "fragile regionalism" they created before 1861 "could not withstand the pressure of war" (p. 7). I found chapter 6, which focuses on John Hunt Morgan's raid, to be Rockenbach's most interesting chapter. Perhaps I could not help being drawn to the excitement of the raid, imagining how a quiet southern Indiana town feared invasion yet remained insulated from the battles farther south. Rockenbach contextualizes the relationship between northern Kentuckians and southern Indianans and breathes even greater life into Morgan's raid, rendering this single event more fascinating as readers realize how slowly the conciliation and reconciliation of border towns came to such a complete and conclusive end.


The choice of cutting parameters have seriously restricted the conservative in the play,this paper machine efficiency by using UG second development technology of the milling parameter optimization based on UG simulation system is researched,and the feasibility of validated systems.


You haven't read a court report until you have read Kate McClymont's twitter coverage of the committal hearing of murder charges against Ron Medich.


According to the international standards ISO 16924, EN 13645 and NFPA 52, LNG fuelling stations need to include a means of containing spilled LNG in order to reduce the possible consequences of a spill. This can be accomplished by placing the LNG-containing installations inside a bund or by draining spills to a retention area remote from the storage area. In some standards, however, an exception to this requirement is provided. The ISO 16924 standard states, for example, that containment of LNG spills from the storage tank and associated equipment is not required if it is demonstrated that the consequences of LNG spills can be safely mitigated without the use of a containment. The EN 13645 standard specifies, on the other hand, that a containment system must only be provided if leaks of flammable liquids are considered to be a possible scenario. As a result of this ambiguity in international standards, local legislation will sometimes prescribe that the construction of a bund or equivalent containment system on LNG fuelling stations is not required, while it is mandatory in other European regions. In this paper, the effectiveness of a bund or containment system on LNG fuelling stations is assessed based on consequence and risk calculations. However, the paper will also point out some pitfalls that occur when using standard risk calculations to assess the effectiveness of safety measures such as a bund.


Abstract : Photographic data were obtained for the transverse injection of water and isopropyl alcohol from a flat-plate into airstreams having Mach numbers of 1.62 and 2.72. Jet/freestream dynamic pressure ratio, jet Reynolds and Weber numbers, and freestream Reynolds number were varied. Improved empirical equations for jet penetration and width were developed and substantiated for two sets of test conditions by detailed flowfield mapping 50 jet diameters downstream using pitot-pressure, cone-static-pressure, and heated sampling probes. An improved theoretical analysis was obtained.


In the title compound, C22H19ClN4O2S, the planes of the benzene ring, the substituted phenyl ring and the thiazole ring make dihedral angles of 18.4 (3), 88.9 (2) and 63.0 (3)°, respectively, with the pyrazole ring.


Th e subcontinent of Southeast Asia is too large to be treated holistically; therefore, it is divided here into two parts: mainland and islands. Within each division, the most obvious subdivision is the nation-state. Mainland Southeast Asia consists of seven nations (Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Th ailand, and Vietnam); island Southeast Asia consists of three (Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines). Malaysia, extending into both divisions, is treated here as part of the mainland. Papua (formerly known as Irian Jaya), the Indonesian province that occupies the western section of the island of New Guinea, is covered in the Oceania volume. And fi nally the large island of Borneo is divided into provinces of Indonesia and (East) Malaysia, though its inhabitants share many important cultural traits. Th e national boundaries that demarcate Southeast Asia into its countries are recent and largely colonial inventions. Laos, a landlocked country, sandwiched among Vietnam, Cambodia, Th ailand, Burma, and China, is a cobbled-together remnant of the spoils of war. Th e Republic of Indonesia came into being when a group of islanders attained selfrule over the Netherlands East Indies. Th e Philippines was once a group of islands united in the name of a Spanish king's son, Felipe. Few of these countries developed an indig-


A class of Lyapunov functions is introduced for reaction networks satisfying simple graphical conditions. The Lyapunov functions are piecewise linear and convex in terms of the reaction rates. The existence of such functions ensures the convergence of trajectories toward the equilibria, and guarantee the asymptotic stability of the equilibria with respect to their stoichiometric compatibility class. Examples are provided, and future directions are elaborated.


There is growth in environmental concern associated with increase in petroleum production as energy demand continues to increase. Reduction in each of the several inter-related activities of petroleum production will ultimately lead to environmental sustainability. Conventional core testing is expensive, has little regards for environmental concern and is not based on geological, statistical and petrophysical criteria. Probe permeability and magnetic susceptibility measurements correlates well with conventional core testing results, and are possible ways to reduce environmental impact petroleum reservoir characterization Keywords: Environmental, Non-destructive, Petroleum, Characterisation Core-testing, Magnetic, Permeability.


Enhancement of the images will be more helpful in surveillances and remote sensing applications. While increasing the size of the image the original image quality will be affected. In order to avoid the loss of quality while enhancing the image, Non Local Means (NLM) Optimized Sparse Method is used. The noises and the pixel differences occurring in the up sampling and down sampling of the images were identified and they were removed based on the proposed method. Finally the images were enhanced by the edge enhancement process. The performance of the proposed method is proved using the performance parameters. The input OCT images were taken as input. Noises were added to the input images producing a noisy images. The input images were denoised based on the K-SVD process. K-SVD is a generalization of the k-means clustering method, and it works by iteratively alternating between sparse coding the input data based on the current dictionary, and updating the atoms in the dictionary to better fit the data. It aims to partition n observations into few clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as a prototype of the cluster. The denoised images were then clustered and edges of the clusters were identified. The clusters were estimated based on the FCM clustering process. The performance of the process is then measured using the performance parameters like PSNR, MSE and SSIM. KeywordDE noising, Optical Coherent Tomography, Dual Tree, K-SV, Clustering, Prototype __________________________________________________________________________________________________


It provides a low-dielectric-constant film materials suitable as interlayer insulating material. In addition the film has a low dielectric constant, but also provides a semiconductor device with high reliability. A low dielectric constant film-forming material is obtained by dissolving the siloxane resin and the polycarbonate silane in a solvent. The coating solution with a low dielectric constant containing a poly carbosilane bonded to the siloxane resin, a siloxane resin is formed by using the.


Because of the existence of zero sequence current,the transformer differential protection may function improperly when the single-phase grounding short circuit fault happens outside the microcomputer based transformer differential protection area.The asymmetry theory is used in this paper to analyze every sequence current with single-phase grounding fault,and the cause of out-area malfuntion of transformer differential protection is analyzed and the measure to prevent the malfunction is also put forward.This paper also verifies the sensitivity of the transformer differential protection with unilateral power and bilateral power when the in-area single-phase grounding short circuit fault happens.


Background and Objectives: Post-COVID condition (PCC) is common and often involves neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to use blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) to assess whether participants with PCC had abnormal brain activation during working memory (WM), and whether the abnormal brain activation could predict cognitive performance, motor function or psychiatric symptoms. Methods: The PCC participants had documented COVID-19 at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment. Healthy control participants had no prior history of COVID-19 and negative tests for SARS-CoV-2. Participants were assessed using three NIH-Toolbox (NIHTB) batteries for Cognition (NIHTB-CB), Emotion (NIHTB-EB) and Motor function (NIHTB-MB), as well as selected tests from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Each had BOLD-fMRI at 3 Tesla, during WM (N-back) tasks with increasing attentional/WM load. Results: 169 participants were screened; 50 fulfilled the study criteria and had complete and usable datasets for this cross-sectional cohort study. 29 PCC participants were diagnosed with COVID-19 242±156 days earlier, had similar ages (42±12 vs. 41±12 years), gender proportion (65% vs. 57%), racial/ethnic distribution, handedness, education, and socioeconomic status, as the 21 uninfected healthy controls. Despite the high prevalence of memory (79%) and concentration (93%) complaints, the PCC group had similar and normal performance on the NIHTB-CB as the controls. However, PCC participants had greater brain activation than the controls across the network (p-FDR-corrected=0.003, T-max=4.17), with greater activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (p=0.009, Cohen's-d=0.81, 95%CI [0.151.46]) but lesser deactivation in the default mode regions (p=0.001, d=1.03, 95%CI [0.611.99]). Compared to controls, PCC participants also had poorer dexterity and endurance on the NIHTB-MB, higher T-scores for negative affect and perceived stress, but lower T-scores for psychological well-being on the NIHTB-EB, as well as more pain symptoms and poorer mental and physical health on measures from PROMIS. Greater brain activation also predicted poorer scores on measures that were abnormal on the NIHTB-EB. Discussion: PCC participants with neuropsychiatric symptoms demonstrated compensatory neural processes with greater usage of alternate brain regions, and reorganized networks, to maintain normal performance during WM tasks. BOLD-fMRI was sensitive for detecting brain abnormalities that correlated with various quantitative neuropsychiatric symptoms. Introduction Post-COVID condition (PCC) or long-COVID syndrome are highly prevalent (~42% based on a recent meta-analysis 1 ), and the symptoms may persist for two years or longer. 2-4 Neuropsychiatric symptoms are particularly common, including fatigue, inability to concentrate or "brain fog", headaches, hyposmia/dysgeusia, sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. 3,5 Although the pathophysiology or mechanisms underlying these persistent symptoms remain unclear, neuropathology of COVID-19 patients who died within 2 months of illness found microvascular injury with leakage of fibrinogen, along with activated microglia and hypertrophic astrocytes within the olfactory bulb and brain stem. 6 Patients who died on average 28 days after hospitalization showed neuronal loss in the cerebellum, axonal swelling and neuronal degeneration in the pons, and widespread activation of glia and immune cells. 7 Non-human primates infected with SARS-CoV-2 also show similar neuroinflammatory changes and Purkinje cell death in the cerebellum on necropsy. 8 However, without post-mortem brain tissue, whether evidence of brain injury persists in PCC with ongoing neuropsychiatric symptoms after acute COVID-19 illness remains unknown. Several neuroimaging studies evaluated brain abnormalities in post-acute COVID-19 patients. PET studies showed decreased glucose metabolism in cortical and subcortical regions that correlated with poorer cognitive function and other functional complaints within the first few months of recovery from COVID-19. 9-11 However, six-months after acute COVID-19, glucose metabolism and cognition were found to be normal despite memory and attention complaints. 12 On MRI, three-months after acute COVID-19, recovered participants showed enlarged gray matter volumes in bilateral olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insula, Heschl's gyrus, Rolandic operculum, and cingulate gyri. 13 In contrast, a larger longitudinal MRI study found that recovered COVID-19 participants had greater decreases in cortical thickness than controls in multiple brain regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus, two brain regions related to olfaction. 14 Several diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies found variable abnormalities in brain diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, 13,15-17 indicating disruption of microstructural integrity, which persisted in hospitalized patients at 1-year follow-ups. 18 However, task-activated blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) has not been used to evaluate how brain function is impacted in individuals with persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after recovery from acute COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate whether participants with long-COVID symptoms for at least 6 weeks after their acute illness have abnormal brain function on quantitative neurobehavioral measures and abnormal brain activation on task-activated BOLD-fMRI. We hypothesized that compared to controls, these recovered COVID-19 patients with long-COVID syndrome would show persistent cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms on three NIH toolbox® (NIHTB) batteries, including the Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB), Emotional Battery (NIHTB-EB), and Motor Battery (NIHTB-MB), and more symptoms for pain and poorer physical and mental health, on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS). We also expected that post-COVID-19 participants would require greater brain activation than healthy controls, indicating greater usage of alternate brain regions to compensate for the residual brain injury or ongoing neuroinflammation. In addition, we expected that the greater brain activation in post-COVID-19 participants would be related to deficits on measures that were abnormal on the NIHTB batteries and PROMIS. Methods All participants were recruited through referrals from our medical center and flyers distributed locally. To minimize potential sources of bias or confounds, healthy controls were recruited to match the age range, self-reported gender and racial/ethnic proportions of the Post-COVID group. Self-reported race and ethnicity classifications were in accordance with U.S. Census data. Participant inclusion criteria for both groups included men or women of any race or ethnicity, 18-75 years of age, able and willing to provide informed consent. Post-COVID participants were required to have confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from medical records and a documented positive PCR test for SARS-CoV2 at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment (to minimize risk for ongoing infection and ensure that they no longer require hospitalization) and had at least one persistent post-COVID symptom. Healthy controls were required to have no history of COVID-19 symptoms or illness, and a negative PCR test within 7 days or a negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen test on study day. Exclusion criteria for both groups included: 1) significant co-morbid psychiatric illness that may confound study measures; 2) any confounding neurological disorders, including significant prior head trauma with loss of consciousness >60 minutes; 3) taking medications that could significantly alter functional brain imaging studies; 4) any current or history (within the past two years) of severe substance use disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5); tobacco use was allowed; 5) positive urine toxicology screen on day of assessments; 6) pregnancy or breast-feeding (self-report); 7) contraindications for MR studies (e.g., metallic objects, electronic implants, or severe claustrophobia). Each participant was assessed using a standardized neuropsychiatric evaluation, including substance use history, electrocardiogram, urine toxicology, and screening blood tests (complete blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel) from medical records within one year or collected at the screening visit. The post-COVID-19 participants also completed a survey regarding their acute COVID-19 symptoms and treatments, any premorbid conditions, and current long-COVID symptoms and severities (Table 1). Standard Protocol Approvals, Registrations, and Patient Consents Written informed consent was obtained from all participants according to the Declaration of Helsinki using a protocol approved by the University of Maryland, Baltimore Institutional Review Board (Human Research Protections Office at the University of Maryland, Baltimore; protocol # HP-00092062). Quantitative Neurocognitive Tests and Psychiatric Symptom Assessments Each participant was evaluated with three NIHTB batteries and selected PROMIS measures. The Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB 19 ) assessed seven cognitive domains: 1) Attention/Executive Functioning, 2) Episodic Memory, 3) Working Memory, 4) Language, 5) Executive Function, 6) Processing Speed, 7) Immediate Recall. The Emotional Battery (NIHTB-EB 20 ) assessed four domains: Negative Affect, Psychological Well-Being, Stress and Self-Efficacy, and Social Relationships. The Motor Battery (NIH-MB 21 ) assessed five domains: 1) Dexterity, 2) Strength, 3) Balance, 4) Endurance, 5) Locomotion. The PROMIS measures were selected from four domains to assess symptoms related to Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Pain, which derived scores for Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health. 22 Findings regarding these measures were reported previously in a larger cohort, 23 but the cur


The DAO/CFHT image stabilizing camera HRHR-Cam was used to search for closely spaced images resulting from gravitational lensing by foreground galaxies in a sample of 101 bright quasars. No convincing objects were found. Several widely-separated (1 – 6 arc-sec) point source companions were detected but half of these are known to be stars, and it is argued that the remainder are also likely to be stars. A slight excess of galaxy companions to the quasars is found when compared to a control sample of stars, but the difference is not statistically significant (galaxy companions to 17 quasars were found, similar companions were noted around 12 stars).


Silica gel having a particle size between 0.2 and 0.05 mm and a specific surface area, SBET= 473 m2 g–1, was chemically modified with benzimidazole. Adsorption isotherms of CuX2(X = Cl, Br or ClO4) from ethanol and acetone solutions were studied at 298 K. The metal is bonded to the surface through the free nitrogen atom of the attached benzimidazole. The average number of ligands co-ordinated to the central metal ion was shown to depend on the solid surface loading by the solute. At low loading the electronic and ESR spectral parameters indicated that the copper ion is in a distorted-tetragonal symmetry field.


Abstract I am interested in understanding why resolving the key dilemma of redistribution and recognition of difference has proved to be so difficult. In this article I analyse the history of gender equity reform in relation to difference, with particular emphasis on Indigenous issues, applying recent theoretical understandings about equity and difference. The article documents how discourses of difference were framed and addressed in four major gender equity policy documents produced at the national level in Australia. In particular there is an emphasis on how the redistribution‐recognition dilemma is handled in the documents.


In the present study, Melia azedarach wood samples that were treated with the methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca L. peels were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya solani, Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas cichorii, Serratia pylmuthica, Fusarium culmorum, and Rhizoctonia solani. The strongest antibacterial activity was only found against A. tumefaciens (inhibition zone 90 mm), while the other bacterial strains showed resistance to wood that was treated with the extract. Potential antifungal activity against F. culmorum and R. solani was observed; the mycelial growth inhibition percentages reached 68.88% and 94.07%, respectively, in wood samples that were treated with the 3% methanolic extract of M. paradisiaca peel. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of seven phenolic compounds and three flavonoid compounds, as their peaks were matched with the standard compounds in a HPLC analysis. The major constituents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in mg/100 g dry extract (DE) were ellagic acid (16.19), gallic acid (7.73), rutin (973.08), myricetin (11.52), and naringenin (8.47). The results demonstrated the potential effects of banana peel extract as a natural compound that can protect wood from molds while in use.


The properties of amorphous geopolymer with silica fume addition after heat treatment was rarely reported in the geopolymer field. Geopolymer was prepared by mixing fly ash and alkali activator. The silica fume was added in 2% and 4% by weight. The geopolymer samples were cured at room temperature for 28 days before exposed to an elevated temperature up to 1000 °C. The incorporation of 2% silica fume did not cause significant improvement in the compressive strength of unexposed geopolymer. Higher silica fume content of 4% reduced the compressive strength of the unexposed geopolymer. When subjected to elevated temperature, geopolymer with 2% silica fume retained higher compressive strength at 1000 °C. The addition of silica fume in fly ash geopolymer caused a lower degree of shrinkage and expansion, as compared to geopolymer without the addition of silica fume. Crystalline phases of albite and magnetite were formed in the geopolymer at 1000 °C.


Use of the Internet has changed the paradigm of human beings communicate with one another, especially on social media. Indonesia as one of the highest in the world Facebook users make significant consequences specifically for teenagers. The trend using Facebook by teenagers has created negative impacts that is the rise of cyberbullying.Cyberbullying can significantly influence the lives of teenagers and it can be a huge burden as it can happen for a long period of time. In cyberbullying, there are cyber bullies and cyber victims as individuals involved to make the message as a reference the behavior of cyberbullying. This paper attempts to looking at the perspective of the cyberbullying behavior by reality counseling model, because reality counseling as one of the models of counseling that focuses on behavior now unrealistic and dysfunctional.Reality counseling based on the choice theory, counselee make more effective choices about the development of relational satisfactory with others. The most important goal of therapy is to make people aware of the reality that the real responsibility for her behavior was himself. This counseling can helping the individual reality of cyberbullying offenders realize the consequences of his behavior, responsible, develop positive social relationships through the application procedure techniques WDEP and techniques reality Counseling.


A 16-year-old female who had taken approximately 1g of colchicine developed severe colchicine intoxication that progressed to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Three hours post ingestion abdominal pain and numbness of the extremities occurred. During the several hours before seeking medical attention these symptoms worsened progressively, and she was referred to the emergency room of our institution 32 hours post ingestion. Laboratory studies revealed hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, multiple organ dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and administered dopamine. Eight hours later, continuous hemodiafiltration was performed due to oliguria. Twenty six hours after admission to the ICU, the patient experienced sudden-onset convulsion and circulatory collapse; cardiac arrest occurred after 28 hours in the ICU. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 3 hours did not result in the recovery of spontaneous circulation. The symptoms of colchicine overdose are severe, and treatment is extremely difficult, as illustrated by the case described here.


The preparation and characterization of trans-[Co(NH3)4NO2Cl]+ and trans-[Co(NH3)4NO2Br]+ cations are described. The assignment of geometric configuration is based on 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The kinetics of the aquation and base hydrolysis of these two complex cations have been studied over a range of temperature. The first-order aquation rate constants are greater than those of the corresponding bis(ethylenediamine) and 1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane complexes, whereas the second-order base hydrolysis rate constants are less. These results are consistent with the kinetic nephelauxetic effect of these amine ligands on the central cobalt(III) ion. Unimolecular reaction mechanisms are assigned to these reactions.


Many housing systems for husbandry restrict space, foraging ability and access to conspecifics (Christensen et al., 2002). In essence, they do not permit animals to perform natural behaviours and contribute to the development of abnormal or stereotypic behaviour. Stereotypies are repetitive and invariant behaviour patterns that are functionless. They develop in captive animals housed in inadequate environmental conditions and can cause health problems (Heleski et al., 2002). Past studies (Mason, 1991) show that stereotypies, namely cribbing, box-walking and weaving are indicative of reduced welfare in that they act as a 'coping mechanism' to allow the horse to deal with a stressful environment. Animals in the early stages of life are greatly influenced by their environment and certain conditions may compromise behavioural development and negatively impact on trainability (Mason, 1991). Heleski et al. (2002) report on behavioural observations demonstrated by stall-housed and paddock-housed weanlings. This essay examines these findings in addition to articles by Waters et al. (2002) and Rivera et al. (2002).


Josephus elevates Moses' role and diminishes the miraculous in the Amalek episode. In the Pentateuch Josephus, defensive about the charge that Jews preach genocide, omits the command to eliminate Amalek; rather, Moses predicts it. In 1 Samuel he explains that G-d so hated them as to order it. As to the parallel command to exterminate the seven Canaanite nations, this was necessary, says Josephus, for the national survival of the Israelites.


This paper tell about the Developing good business communication skills is as much about the ability to develop good content as it is about good form. Business documents must maintain certain standards and should be, at most, recognizable internationally. Documents can be classified into two types: internal and external. Internal documents circulate within the organization and may include memos, reports and proposals. External documents circulate outside of the organization. Examples include: letters, tenders, proposals and reports. The external environment may include clients, customers, suppliers, stockholders, government, media and the general public.


Because of the rapid growth of offshore wind farm (OWF) capacity, voltage-source-converter-based high-voltage direct-current (VSC-HVDC) transmission scheme is becoming a competitive transmission scheme. This paper presents a method for selecting the optimal access point of offshore wind farm integrated with VSC-HVDC. The method takes into account capability of wind power accommodation, voltage support from onshore VSCs, voltage fluctuation caused by the change of wind power, vulnerability of power system transmission networks, and construction costs. This multi-objective decision-making problem is suggested to be solved based on the theory of information entropy and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The method is applied in Shandong Province where is developing offshore wind power rapidly to select an optimal access point by the use of PSS/E. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for selecting the access point of the OWF.


The fourth generation of light sources (such as LCLS and the XFEL) require high energy electron drivers (1520GeV) of very high quality.We are exploring the possibility of using a high transformer ratio PWFA to meet their challenging requirements. This may have the potential to reduce the size of the electron drivers by a factor of 5 or more, therefore making these light sources much smaller and more affordable. In our proposed design, a high charge (5-10nC) low energy driver (1-3GeV) with an elongated current profile is used to drive a plasma wake in the relativistic blowout regime[1] with a high transformer ratio (5 or more). A second ultra-short beam that has high quality and lower charge ( 1nC) can be loaded into the wake at a proper phase and be accelerated to high energy (5-15GeV) in very short distances (10s of cms). The parameters can be optimized, such that high quality (0.1 percent energy spread and 1mm mrad normalized emittance) and high efficiency (60-80 percent) can be simultaneously achieved. In this paper, we will present some preliminary theoretical analysis and PIC simulations of this concept. HIGH TRANSFORMER RATIO PWFA CONCEPT Recently, PWFA experiments at SLAC have made significant progress. In the E164 experiment, the tail of the 28GeV electron beam had obtained more than 4GeV energy gain in a 10 centimeter long self-ionized plasma[2]. Later, in the E167 experiment, the tail of the 42GeV electron beam had obtained more than 42GeV energy gain in less than one meter[3]. These experiments show the great potential of PWFA as an effective method of energy transfer between charged particle bunches at least in sub 100 GeV level. In the future development of PWFA, using shaped particle bunches to optimize the acceleration and efficiency are very essential. In the long term, concepts such as PWFA based linear collider (PWFA-LC) can be explored, which may have impact on high energy physics. In the near term, we feel that it is also very interesting to explore how to shape the bunches to achieve high transformer ratio and high efficiency PWFA such that the size and cost of 10GeV level LINAC can be reduced significantly. This kind of PWFA may find applications in X-ray free electron lasers. For example, the fourth generation of light sources ( such as LCLS and the XFEL) require high energy electron drivers (15-20GeV) of very high quality ( charge 1nC, peak current 5kA, emittance 1mm mrad and energy spread ∗Work supported by DOE under contracts DE-FG03-92ER40727, DEFG52-06NA26195, DE-FC02-07ER41500, DE-FG02-03ER54721. 0.1percent), therefore a high transformer ratio PWFA that can meet these challenging requirements may have the potential to make the XFELs more compact and more affordable. The concept of large transformer ratio PWFA has been around for more than 20 years. The basic idea is to use a low energy high charge driver to accelerate a low charge trailing bunch to much higher energy. For this to happen, the transformer ratio must be high (the ratio between the accelerating field and the decelerating field). Furthermore, in order to achieve high transfer efficiency and low energy spread at the same time, the plasma wake must have uniform accelerating/decelerating fields within the bunches. In the linear regime, the optimal parameters have been explored by using the linear plasma wakefield theory. It can be shown using 1D linear theory, that the transformer ratio of the wakefield from a symmetric longitudinal beam profile is always less than two[4]. To increase the transformer ratio, an asymmetric profile should be used[5]. A particularly interesting example to achieve large transformer ratio as well as uniform decelerating field is to use a linearly ramped beam profile with a sharp termination and a δ function precursor[5]. Later, it was also shown that larger transformer ratios can be obtained in the 1D nonlinear regime[7]. However, it is now very well understood that the 1D linear and nonlinear regime are not easily accessible experimentally, instead a 3D highly nonlinear regime where plasma electrons blowout occurs is normally the case[1]. So it is natural to ask the same kind of questions for this highly nonlinear 3D regime: what kind of bunch shapes can lead to constant accelerating/decelerating fields and a high transformer ratio in the relativistic blowout regime? In the second section, we will answer this question through a simple theory and PIC simulations. The results show that a linear ramped profile is also the choice in the blowout regime, although with very different physical mechanism comparing with the linear case. In the third section, we will show a sample QuickPIC simulation based on the simple theory. The parameters of this simulation are relevant to the XFEL application. A SIMPLE THEORY OF TRANSFORMER RATIO IN THE BLOWOUT REGIME We can start from the hint of the linear theory. For a linearly ramped drive beam in the blowout regime, the transition from the 1D linear regime to the 3D nonlinear blowout regime can proceed as follows by assuming a fixed longitudinal current profile and fixed total charge. Initially, one can choose a large spot size such that nb/np 1 will occur, therefore reaching the blowout regime. So will the special properties based on predictions from linear theory still hold when blowout is reached? will they still have the same transformer ratio? We can get some insight from PIC simulations. In Fig.1, a linearly ramped electron beam driver is used to excite the plasma wake in the relativistic blowout regime. This beam has a normalized length kpL0 ≈ 22 and a flat top transverse profile (nb0 = 100np for kpr > 1, where rb(ξ) is the normalized blowout radius at each longitudinal slice. For a long electron beam with an adiabatically increasing current profile Λ(ξ) = ξ L0 Λ0, where Λ0 is calculated at the maximum beam density, the blowout radius rb(ξ) also increases adiabatically, and can be estimated from the theoretical formula kprb(ξ) ≈ 2 √ Λ(ξ) (2) With this expression of rb, we get ψ(0, ξ) ≈ ξ L0 Λ0 (3)


Photonic switches require low loss polarization independent phase shifting elements. In a composite quantum well, a 0.46 mm phase shifter provides a /spl pi//4 phase shift by combining the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) and carrier depletion effect. We investigate whether the discrete energy levels and the high peak absorption in quantum dots (QDs) provide an opportunity for increasing the electro-refraction. The electro-refraction in strained cylindrical InAs/GaAs QDs is explored using a numerical model based on the 4/spl times/4 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian. The excitonic states are calculated by matrix diagonalization with plane-wave basis states. We observe that the QCSE sharply increases with the height of the QD and is also optimized for small radius QDs. The QCSE in pyramidal QDs is considerably larger than in squares or cylinders. We finally present large electro-refraction in, cone shaped pyramidal QDs.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate knowledge and skills level of final-year students of undergraduate construction programs in Ethiopia and assess the effectiveness of internship and its coordination under these programs.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods approach is used in this study. Data were collected through two separate questionnaires, completed by students and company supervisors (professionals having experience in supervising internship students). Interviews were held with university instructors to supplement findings of the questionnaire.

Findings
The findings show the students have performance shortfalls in most of the required knowledge areas. A significant correlation was found between students' self-evaluation and supervisors' evaluation rankings. It was also found that both students and industry perceive the internship to have benefited them. However, the coordination of internship program was found unsatisfactory. These findings indicate there is a room for improvement in the curricula and coordination of internship program.

Originality/value
As performance of the construction industry (CI) is associated with the competence of professionals, it is important to assess the knowledge and skills level of students, and internship coordination for the effective development of CI. Hence, the findings of this paper will help academic institutes to review their curricula and improve their internship coordination mechanism. It has implication for industry organizations in indicating knowledge and skills gap of entry-level professionals which could be filled through training. It may also invite other researchers in the country to focus on construction education for betterment of the CI.


Despite the high profile of new and emerging zoonotic diseases, many zoonoses remain widely neglected, particularly in poor communities within developing countries. However, evidence is growing that the burden of neglected zoonoses is substantial, not only because of human morbidity and mortality, but also because of the impacts of these infections on livestock health and production. We describe the nature and magnitude of these zoonotic disease problems, the reasons for their on-going neglect, and discuss the constraints and potential for designing and implementing cost-effective interventions for disease control.


A method of correcting radiometric distortions for an infra-red color film is presented. This method i nvo 1 ves deriving rna tehma t i ca 1 for mulas, which explain various radiometric distortions, such as cos 4 law failure, overlaps of spectral sen sitivities of multilayer film and unwanted absorptions of photographic dyes. For some quantitative applications ofiR color films, thecorrectionschemepresented will give more useful result for an digital analysis of aerial IR color photography.


Three-dimensional manganese oxide is directly grown on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets, exhibiting comparable catalytic activity, higher selectivity and better stability towards oxygen reduction reaction than those of the commercial Pt/XC-72 catalyst.


W e read with interest the study of Lin et al. [1], which aimed to explore the complex association of arterial stiffness with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a cross-sectional analysis of 9136 Chinese adults with an age of 40 years or higher. Study participants had no evidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as those with an eGFR less than 60ml/min per 1.73m or urinary-albumin-to-creatinine ratio more than 30mg/g were excluded from this analysis. The study population was divided into four groups according to the agespecific quartile of eGFR; arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) via applanation tonometry and pulse pressure (PP) at the brachial artery [1]. The main finding of this analysis was a significant positive association between increasing quartile of age-specific eGFR and arterial stiffness indexes. After multivariate adjustment, each 10ml/min per 1.73m higher eGFR was associated with 17 and 28% higher odds of having increased baPWV [odds ratio (OR): 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.29] andPP (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.16–1.41) [1]. The robustness of this association was confirmed in a propensity-score-matched analysis comparing baPWV and PP values in participants with high versus low age-specific eGFR. The interpretation provided by the authors for the above findings was that renal hyperfiltration (as reflected by the highest quartile of age-specific eGFR) is an independent determinant of high baPWV and PP. It could be argued, however, that the cross-talk between arterial stiffness and renal function is not a one-way relationship. One alternative explanation that was not adequately captured in the discussion of the article could be that arterial stiffness may promote the delivery of systemic pulsatile energy into the renal microcirculation, causing in this way 'renal hyperfiltration' and progressively injury to the kidney. From a pathophysiological standpoint, in sharp contrast to the autoregulatory mechanisms protecting the microvasculature in systemic circulation from downstream pulsatile energy transmission, the renal microvessels are characterized by low resistance and low impedance [2]. These flow characteristics make renal microcirculation particularly susceptible to the highly variable oscillations in systolic and diastolic blood flow resulting from the reduced aortic compliance [3]. This notion is supported by recent clinical studies assessing renal blood flow parameters with the use of modern imaging techniques, in which the association between PWV and eGFR was shown to be explained by an increase in renal artery pulsatile index and renal resistive index [4,5]. From a clinical standpoint, the notion that increased arterial stiffness is a potential risk factor for injury to the kidney is supported by recent prospective cohort studies showing that among patients with preserved renal function,highbaselinePWVorhighbaseline PP are independent predictors of the rate of eGFR decline over time and incident CKD [6–9]. In a recent meta-analysis of four observational cohort studies, it was shown that each 1 SD higher brachial PP at baseline was associated with 16% higher risk of incident CKD [pooled relative risk (RR): 1.16; 95% CI: 1.12–1.21]; each 1-SD higher baseline aortic PWV (a more direct measure of arterial stiffness) was associated with 10% increased risk of incident CKD (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.98– 1.22) [10]. The cross-sectional design of the study conducted by Lin et al. [1] cannot provide cause-and-effect associations. Accordingly, it remains unclear whether renal hyperfiltration is determinant of increased arterial stiffness, or whether increased arterial stiffness mediates excessive pulsatile energy transmission to the vulnerable renal microcirculation. Undoubtedly, the results presented in this article are of particular interest and call for properly designed prospective studies using novel imaging techniques to approximate renal hemodynamics to elucidate this 'chicken– egg' association.


75 Accountability has been a catchword in education for decades, for who could be against it? It has not been a reality, however, because accountability threatens many and because, even when desired, it is difficult to implement. There are signs, however, that times are changing. Today, accountability is not only taken more seriously but also sometimes promises to have real teeth. Yet the future is far from certain. Although many states and districts are moving forward with accountability schemes, they are likely to run into real problems that compromise and distort these programs' impact. Though it seems natural to measure outcomes and hold schools responsible for them, the mechanics of how to do that appropriately are complicated. Creating effective accountability schemes will require a deeper understanding of how these programs alter incentives in schools and in turn the dynamics of accountability.1 Understanding these issues is important because many people tend to generalize erroneously from problems imbedded in specific accountability systems to assertions of inherent weaknesses in all accountability systems.


Prior to switching operations, the dispatch automation system is required to be able to search for closed-loop paths quickly in real time. In order to improve the efficiency of closed-loop path search, this paper proposes a multi-stage real-time fast search method for closed-loop paths based on the characteristics of power grid hierarchical partitioning. First, we divide the closed-loop judgement process into three phases: initialization, acceptance of the closed-loop judgement command, and post-operation. Then, we define three types of nodes, including root nodes, same-layer contact nodes, and common nodes, and construct path data models for each type of node in accordance with the node liaison relationship in grid hierarchical zoning. In the initialization phase, we design a method for the automatic generation of real-time nodal path data models and study a hierarchical partitioned closed-loop path search method based on a nodal path data model for the phase of accepting closed-loop judgement commands. Next, we design a fast local correction method for nodal path models after the switch closure and disconnection operations in the post-operation idle phase are performed. Finally, a real power grid model is used as an example to test the above closed-loop path search method, which improves the search efficiency by eight times compared with the conventional breadth-first search method. The method is applicable to real large and complex power grids.


This paper presents SAVE, for Stochastic Analysis and a Vailability of Energy, an analytical framework providing closed form expressions for residual energy and lifetime prediction of wireless sensor nodes. SAVE models a wide umbrella of input factors, including channel characteristics, different energy sources and harvesting policies, link layer parameters (e.g., error control and duty cycling) and various data traffic generation models. Our framework uses stochastic semi-Markov models to derive the residual energy distribution for each harvesting node accounting for practically observed temporal variations. We validate the analytical expressions derived by SAVE by means of simulations, and show that SAVE predictions provide a remarkably close match to the simulation results.


WeChat was published in China by Tencent company since Jan. 21st 2011. After 100 million users in Mar. 2012, Tencent announced that the number of WeChat's users reached 300 million in Jan 15th 2013. WeChat has become one of the most heated topics within the last 2 years and its every move is attracting attention from various academia, industries, and enterprises. This study selected 50 university graduates as object and analyzed their We Chat using patterns through investigation and survey with statistic methods. The author designed the methods of user study and invited users to participate in the user study at first. Second, by using the collected data from university graduates from 2013 to Mar 2014, the author analyzed the quantities and composition of their contacts in We Chat, figured out the source, type and goal of the public platform they are following, recorded the time, type, form and time relativity of their first 100 posts in the "Moments" function. Through analyzing the data, the author intended to study the real situation in which university graduates virtually socialize and communicate with each other using WeChat and the popularity of WeChat on building social network with strangers. Also, this paper has certain contribution to how to improve the function and service of WeChat. What's more, it analyzed both positive and negative influence of We Chat on students' socialization.


Logistics tasks heavily depend on reliable shipment and accurate tracking information. For this reason, logistics today have evolved into a high-technology industry. Distribution is no longer simply about moving cargo on the road or via air from location A to B, but is a complex process based on intelligent system for sorting, planning, routing, and consolidation that supports faster transportation. [1] The purpose of this study was to investigate how RFID technology was implemented and adopted in Taiwan's logistics industry. Specifically, this study focused on the positive influence of using RFID technology on the industry and the strategical benefits the RFID system had provided to companies, which had accepted and utilized this technology. This study also aimed to determine the concern factors of adopting the RFID system into current company management systems. An integral part of this research was to develop and to empirically test a model of the adoption of RFID in the context of the logistics industry in Taiwan. Based on the concepts of Rogers [2]-- the theory of technology diffusion, this research used a questionnaire to assess Taiwan logistics companies' cognition and perspective of the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability of the RFID system; as well as to assess their attitudes toward the RFID system and intentions of using the system. Research findings revealed the attributes of innovations mentioned above were significantly positively associated with the adoption of RFID. According to the research results, managerial implications and opportunities for future research were discussed in the final.


Reactions of N,N-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-2-aminopyridine (bdppmapy) with [Ag(MeCN)4]ClO4 or AgX (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN, CN) afforded a family of oligomeric and polymeric complexes: [Ag2(MeOH)(bdppmapy)2](ClO4)2 (1), [AgCl(bdppmapy)] (2), [AgBr(bdppmapy)] (3), [AgI(bdppmapy)] (4), [AgSCN(bdppmapy)] (5), [{(η2-bdppmapy)Ag(μ-CN)AgCN}2(μ-bdppmapy)] (6), [Ag4(μ-CN)4(μ-bdppmapy)] (7), and [Ag2(μ-CN)(μ-bdppmapy)2][Ag5(μ-CN)6] (8). Compounds 1–8 were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1–3 and 5 hold a one-dimensional (1D) chain in which [Ag(MeOH)]+ or [AgX] motifs are linked by bdppmapy bridges. Compound 6 has a tetrameric framework in which two linear [(η2-bdppmapy)Ag(μ-CN)AgCN] fragments are connected by a μ-bdppmapy ligand. Compound 7 contains a 1D staircase chain in which two zigzag [Ag(μ-CN)]n chains are linked by pairs of μ-bdppmapy bridges. Compoun...


Without a plan for their use, the intro duction of personal computers into schools will accomplish little. This author describes a master plan for inte gration of technology into the Shawnee Mission, Kans., School District.


In maxillofacial region, reconstruction of defects after inflammation, trauma, tumor resection and congenital anomaly should be functional and aesthetic. Meanwhile, recent approaches using regenerative medicine have shown great potential, enabling functionally and esthetically-satisfying reconstructions with less invasive manner. This review describes such regenerative medicine of bone in maxillofacial region, including transplantation of particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM) in combination with a titanium mesh tray, and custom-made artificial bone (CT-Bone). Our preclinical and clinical study on tissue-engineered cartilage for patients with cleft-lip and nose is also covered.


In this paper a compact, robust alternative to the WCF is proposed. Its purpose is to remedy the shortcomings of the WCF infrastructure. Firstly, WCF channels close immediately after browser exits, compromising session management and transactional processing. Secondly, WCF channels operate only asynchronously, hindering straightforward implementation of sequential business rules. Design patterns of transactional session processing are given. Surprisingly overriding the standard WCF facility results in a factor 30 performance boost for local calls.


We propose a new elimination method for linear and quadratic optimization involving parametric coeecients. In comparison to the classical Fourier-Motzkin method that is of doubly exponential worst-case complexity our method is singly exponential in the worst case. Moreover it applies also to the minimization of a quadratic objective functions without convexity hypothesis under linear constraints, and to objective functions with arbitrary parametric coeecients. For problems with additive parameters the method is worst-case optimal. Examples computed in a REDUCE{ implementation connrm the superiority of the method over Fourier-Motzkin and its applicability to problems of interesting size.


The emergence of increasingly contagious diseases in these days, such as COVID-19, increased the need to develop more effective personal protection equipment's (PPEs). Therefore, the goal is to create textile materials capable to act against bacteria, virus or fungi, with a long-lasting performance but, at the same time, that could be comfortable and safe for their users. In this sense, based on the advantages of nanotechnology, the aim of this work was to functionalize organic raw cotton fibers with zinc nanoparticles
(NPs) and previously tretated with NaOH, for the further production of multifunctional yarns with antimicrobial activity. Thereby, the fibers functionalization was tested using 1% w/w and 2% w/w of zinc NPs aqueous dispersion, being subsequently evaluated their distribution, chemical nature and zinc concentration by SEM/EDS and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, respectively. Subsequently, using the functionalized fibers, a yarn was spinned and their structural, mechanical and moisture management properties determined. Also, to assess the influence of the produced yarn on the properties of a fibrous structure, a single jersey knit sample was further produced and evaluated regarding their mechanical, moisture management and antibacterial properties. Based on the methodology used it was possible to develop a yarn with a tenacity 24% higher and a knit sample 28% more breathable and with a water evaporating ratio 37% higher than the one without any
treatment or functionalization, but mainly with a strong antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (Klebsiella Pneumoniae) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus Aureus) bacteria, presenting therefore potential to be used in the production of effective PPEs.


Financial instruments, which appeared in the international arena of accounting regulations in October 1986, are still considered one of the most complex objects of accounting. The difficulties of their accounting recording are often associated with a complicated regulation of the relevant issue within international and national standards for accounting and financial reporting. At the same time, one ignores the fact that these specific objects of accounting have been used in the economy much earlier than their accounting regulations are formed. Not least important is the aspect that financial instruments have a contractual nature, which determines the dependence of their identification as an object of accounting on professional judgment. The purpose of the research is to cover the preconditions for the emergence of financial instruments in the accounting system and elucidate the reasons for the complexity of their identification as an object of accounting. The subject of the research is the theoretical background of the identification of financial instruments as an object of accounting. This research has theoretical nature that predetermined a set of methods for its conducting, as follows: analysis – to distinguish between the industrial, financial, and digital epochs and establish the relevance of financial instruments to them; abstraction and comparison – to clarify the peculiarities, common and distinctive features of accounting recording of financial instruments in the production, financial and digital eras; graphical method – to visualize the sequence of the emergence of the financial instruments in accounting and the identified contradictions when recording them in the balance sheet. The application of the mentioned methodology allowed elucidating the prerequisites for the emergence of financial instruments in accounting and specifying the reasons for the complexity to identify financial assets, financial liabilities, and equity instruments as objects of accounting. Approaches, which have been formed in the accounting system during the predominance of assets of the real economy, do not undergo the necessary transformations and adaptations to the objects that represent a virtual component of the economy. Moreover, the balance sheet as the basic form of financial reporting of any enterprise still reflects the production era, which gave way to the financial and digital ones.


Montes-Pizarro Abstract. The complementing condition (CC) is an algebraic compat- ibility requirement between the principal part of a linear elliptic partial dierential operator and the principal part of the corresponding bound- ary operators. When the CC holds the linear boundary value problem has many important functional analytic properties. Recently it has been found that the CC plays a very important role in the construction of a generalized degree, with all the properties of the Leray-Schauder de- gree, applicable to a general class of problems in nonlinear elasticity. In this paper we discuss the role of the CC in such development and present some examples of boundary value problems in nonlinear elastic- ity to which this new degree is applicable. In addition, when the CC fails we present some recent results on the implications of this failure in the context of nonlinear elasticity.


scientific method is something that may be used in a vague area of business or manufacturing or industry, but has no place where humans are concerned or where values are important and results are gauged in terms of the conveyance of ideas rather than of items. The assembly line can be studied scientifically and its cost accurately appraised, but one must not use measuring devices on things as intangible as information received or understanding gained. There are those who do not agree, and as with many differences of opinion, both sides of this argument have points in their favor. Only after one defines his terms and clarifies the issues involved is it possible to look objectively at the questions-does scientific method have any place in library administration, and if so, what place? Library administration, broadly defined, includes all the things that go on from the time a group of -citizens establishes a library to serve its needs, to the moment that library does something which helps a citizen. The objectives of the institution, and its methods, its facilities, and its personnel-all are involved. To paraphrase a well-known definition, library administration is as much concerned with men and materials as it is with their use in fulfilling accepted purposes. Implicit is another point not always recognized. Library administration is charged with accomplishing a job, but more than this it is expected to perform its task as well and at as low cost as it can. Nor are these aims antithetical; for a good job can be done economically, even if in ways that differ in terms of expense. Obviously good ad-


We have studied a storage ring free-electron laser (FEL) with a compact storage ring NIJI-IV, which was constructed at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in 1990. We have developed an infrared FEL system with using one of the long straight sections in the NIJI-IV [1], and the FEL is realized with a fundamental harmonic of an insertion device, optical klystron ETLOK-III, in a wavelength region of 8392679 nm [2]. Higher-harmonic FEL oscillations have been also developed with the infrared FEL system [3]. FEL oscillations were achieved up to the seventh harmonic, which is the highest order in higher-harmonic FEL oscillations [4].


By using CFD software Fluent,a numerical simulation was carried out to study the combustion behavior and NOx emission of a xylene tower in gas-oil burner. The problem of high NOxemission was analyzed and a novel low NOx staged-fuel burner structure was brought up. Based on the new burner structure,orthogonal simulations were conducted to study the influences of operating parameters(including air preheated temperature Tair, excess air factor α, and primary fuel gas mass ratio Rp) on the radiation surface heat flux(RSHF),radiation section outlet temperature(RSOT),flame height and volume fraction of NOx. Simulation results of the in-service burners showed good agreement with site running data,suggesting good prediction of the chosen models for the internal flow,radiation,combustion and NOx formation. Simulation results of the new burner showed that higher air preheated temperature could increase the radiative heat flux while also aggravating the NOxemission;excess air factor could enlarge the radiative heat flux and reduce NOx emission;varied primary fuel gas mass ratio made no obvious differences on both radiative heat flux and NOx emission.It was concluded that air preheated temperature of 220℃,excess air ratio of 1.05 and primary gas ratio of 0.24 were the optimal operating conditions,under which radiative heat flux was 37.45kW/m2 while NOx emission simulated to be 12.1μL/L.


Jointly sponsored by the American Motility Society, European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, The Functional Brain Gut Research Group and the International Motility Group September 14–17, 2006 Boston, Massachusetts Abstract deadline: March 2006 Visit the American Motility Society website at http:// www.motilitysociety.org for further information. Neurogastroenterol Motil (2005) 17, 310 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00667.x


This paper explores the different methods to connect electrical equipment such as information technology equipment (ITE) to the AC and DC mains in the global marketplace. It describes the difference in AC power systems around the world, demonstrates single-phase and three-phase power systems used worldwide, and describes IT power distribution systems, and how to design and test electrical equipment for connecting to IT power distribution systems. Also, this paper discusses the different methods used for permanently connecting electrical equipment to the mains in different regions of the world, and how to design electrical equipment to accommodate the different installation methods.


Background: There is an increasing interest concerning the treatment of patients with personality disorders (PD) in data on the efficacy of psychotherapeutic strategies especially when combined with medication. Methods: The efficacy of an inpatient client-centered treatment program (CCT) was studied prospectively in 142 patients with PD and additional depressive, anxiety or eating disorders (ICD-10). Results: Significant improvements in depression, self-esteem and social adjustment were achieved up to discharge, which remained stable at the 1-year follow-up. The efficacy with regard to individual variables or the total result could not be further enhanced by a combination with psychopharmacological treatment (CCT + MED), consisting mainly of antidepressants. Within the subgroups of patients with socially deviant (F60.0–2), emotionally unstable/borderline (F60.3) and histrionic/narcissistic PD (F60.4, F60.8), CCT was significantly superior to CCT + MED in the reduction of depression (Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale ratings), whereas the response was enhanced by medication in the subgroup of patients with socially dependent 'cluster C' PD (F60.5–7). Conclusions: The results are discussed with regard to client-centered therapeutic concepts and to the further development of differential combination strategies.


Partial discharge(PD) of an air-filled semi-permeable crack in a dielectric material is studied based on the streamer-type discharge mechanism to explore the effects of applied mechanical-electric fields on crack growth.Within the frame of two-dimensional deformation,the electric field inside the crack is first derived by taking the crack deformation into account.Then,the effects of electric field before PD are discussed through considering the contribution of the induced electric field inside the deformed crack space to the total energy release rate.Finally,PD and its effects on crack growth are investigated.It is found that:(1) before PD,the applied electric field always retards crack growth;(2) during PD,the applied electric field can induce crack growth in dielectric materials.


Abstract Leadership theories, from "great man" theories to calls for leaders to create transformational change, portray an image of leadership as grandiose. Heroic images of leaders may suggest to practitioners that the enactment of these theories is unrealistic and leave students enrolled in leadership education courses feeling disempowered to bridge theory to practice. This article details the use of a problem-based approach in a graduate course on leadership that focused attention on how leaders can mobilize adaptive work to respond to leadership challenges. Introduction Much debate exists over whether leaders are born or made and contributes to the dilemma "can leadership be taught?" Gardner (1990) replies emphatically "yes." However, scholars note teaching and learning leadership requires more than formal instruction (Cronin, 1995; Gardner, 1990; Rost, 1991). In courses that convey knowledge about leadership, one would need mainly to focus on defining a domain of knowledge and then engage the students in thinking about the subject. However, teachers must go beyond courses that risk portraying leadership as an abstraction rooted in theories void of the context of a leader's daily practice; absent an understanding about what it means to participate in leadership roles and processes. As an instructor of a graduate course on leadership in educational organizations, I was faced with this instructional challenge: how could I enable students to integrate knowledge and values in leadership behavior, and equip them to use knowledge of leadership and their imagination to create new responses to leadership situations that are not clear-cut. My years of college teaching (2002-07) have been grounded in a commitment to application: cultivating the ability of students to apply scholarship in their daily settings as higher educational administrators. Recent scholarship on teaching and learning illuminates shifts in thinking about college pedagogy; notably it emphasizes a need to rethink the relationship between theory and practice, observing that traditional application-of-theory model appears to be rather ineffective (Korthagen & Kessels, 1999). Studies of student learning are advocating "reversing the long-held strategy of first immersing students in theory and then giving them clinical experience where they are expected to draw from their previous learning" (Yohannes, 2007). Motivated by these calls to rethink existing theory-to-practice models, I sought a teaching and learning strategy that would challenge students to identify a problem facing leaders in higher education, analyze this issue by drawing upon one or more leadership theories, and explicate a position on this issue. This paper describes my use of a problem-based approach in a graduate course on leadership that focused attention on how leaders can mobilize adaptive work to respond to organizational challenges in post-secondary education. First, 1 will provide a brief review of the leadership literature to illuminate a challenge for teaching a survey course on theories of leadership. Next, I will describe course projects designed to empower students to enact leadership. Finally, I will offer considerations for future teaching and research. Overview of Relevant Literature Traditional theories of leadership can be clustered into three categories (see Chemers, 1997, for full discussion of these theories): * Dispositional theories: certain attributes make a great leader (e.g., "great man" theories that assert leadership is an innate ability, trait theories that delineate universal traits common to all leaders). * Behavioral theories: great leadership is based on what someone does; key behavioral patterns result in leadership, and thus leadership capabilities can be learned, rather than being inherent. * Contingency theories: the leader's ability to lead is contingent upon various situational factors, including the leader's preferred style, and the capabilities and behaviors of followers. …


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the fundamental elements for constructing the better public-owned open spaces in order for them to activate the roles of relaxation and amenity for citizens. Two distinguished residential and commercial areas within the City of Seoul are selected for the empirical analysis of the research. From the results of regression analysis, it is found out that elements associated with managing condition, the number to the public road, the size have the priority for the residential area in constructing public-owned open space. The width of entrance and the accessibilities to the public transportation, on the other hand, are more important for the commercial area. Finally, it is maintained that the fundamental elements for constructing the better public-owned open space should be changed depending upon the current land-use of surrounding areas.


Several of the articles in this collection of essays, which was first published in 2005 as a special issue of South European Society and Politics, are likely to be of particular interest to students of Italy and its political vicissitudes in recent years; the volume also contains matching contributions devoted to France and Spain, but – despite the implication of the title – lacks any attempt at a synoptic overview and comparative analysis of what the three political systems do and do not have in common. Jocelyn Evans' brief introduction to the book makes a few general points on centralism and centralisation, attitudes to the European Union, and corruption. Readers are left to formulate more in-depth comparisons for themselves on the basis of the individual case study contributions, each of which is complemented by its own bibliography. A brief general index has been added. Papers addressing aspects of the political right in Italy appear in all of the four thematic sections into which the book is organised. Gianfranco Pasquino's contribution to the section on the mainstream right is a typically witty commentary on the ideologies, issues, positioning and policies of the components of the Casa della Libertà, painting a picture of confusion rather than cohesion in Berlusoni's 'House of Freedom': 'The political project of the Italian right . . . devolution, retrenchment of the (welfare) state, a larger role for society, a conditional acceptance of the European unification process and a greater than fair share of subordinate pro-Americanism' (p. 21). Yet living comfortably with contradiction may be a formula for success in politics; as Phil Edwards points out in his analysis of 'The Berlusconi Anomaly', this intrinsic confusion is at least as evident on the left as on the right 'in conditions of imperfect bipolarism, arising from the imposition of an electoral system designed to promote alternanza onto a multi-polar reality' (p. 60). In foreign policy, cognate contradictions are traced by Lucia Quaglia in her survey of trends within Italian Europeanism over the last decade, showing how Bossi's increasingly racist Lega Nord has abandoned a vision of European integration as beneficial to 'Padania' in favour of outright Euroscepticism closely related to prejudice against East European or Anatolian immigration. Meanwhile Fini's Alleanza Nazionale, curbing the atavism of some of its grassroots support, has colonised the area of moderate conservatism – pro-Israeli, Atlanticist and 'respectable'. The point is reinforced in Piero Ignazi's essay on the evolution of the extreme right wing in Italian politics, where he contrasts the increasing divergence between the two parties to the right of Berlusconi's with Fini leading his troops steadily towards the centre ground, while Bossi and his successors are perceived by the electorate as leading the most right-wing party 'thanks to its xenophobic and authoritarian discourse coupled with its anti-system proposals for secession' (p. 174). Pasquino sums up perfectly the Italian case described by all four contributors: 'in Italy, an often terrible simplification had indeed always been a qualifying trait of what is truly right' (p. 22).


Norwegian educational policy focuses on inclusive, equivalent, and adapted education for all. We followed procedures for an inductive thematic approach to explore the educational experiences of seventeen gifted students (age twelve – fifteen). The inductive thematic analysis revealed three key themes: the educational system, the joy of learning, and problematic issues concerning school and learning. Our results are discussed in light of educational policy and Gagné's Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent, and indicate that the Norwegian educational system does not meet these gifted students' needs at either the individual or systemic levels. This study is vital for gaining a better understanding of the Norwegian perspective as well as the wider Nordic setting.


Recently, collaborative filtering combined with various kinds of deep learning models is appealing to recommender systems, which have shown a strong positive effect in an accuracy improvement. However, many studies related to deep learning model rely heavily on abundant information to improve prediction accuracy, which has stringent data requirements in addition to raw rating data. Furthermore, most of them ignore the interaction effect between users and items when building the recommendation model. To address these issues, we propose DCCR, a deep collaborative conjunctive recommender, for rating prediction tasks that are solely based on the raw ratings. A DCCR is a hybrid architecture that consists of two different kinds of neural network models (i.e., an autoencoder and a multilayered perceptron). The main function of the autoencoder is to extract the latent features from the perspectives of users and items in parallel, while the multilayered perceptron is used to represent the interaction between users and items based on fusing the user and item latent features. To further improve the performance of DCCR, an advanced activation function is proposed, which can be specified with input vectors. The extensive experiments conducted with two well-known real-world datasets and performances of the DCCR with varying settings are analyzed. The results demonstrate that our DCCR model outperforms other state-of-art methods. We also discuss the performance of the DCCR with additional layers to show the extensibility of our model.


MRL/lpr (lpr) mice spontaneously develop a lupus‐like illness as well as massive lymphadenopathy. Attempts to transfer autoimmunity by adoptive transfer or radiation bone marrow chimeras have been unsuccessful. Since severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice have been engrafted with human and rat xenografts without apparent grafl‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), we subjected SCID mice to low‐dose irradiation and reconstituted the mice with spleen cells from young or oldlpr mice or withlpr bone marrow. Fourteen out of twenty (70%) of SCID mice engrafted with spleen cells from oldlpr mice produced autoantibodies (anti‐DNA and anti‐Sm) without evidence of the severe lymphoid atrophy previously described forlpr spleen +/+chimeras. SCID mice engrafted with spleen cells from younglpr mice developed acute GVHD and 5/6 (83%) died within 4 weeks post‐transfer. Although 8/11 (73%) of lpr→ SCID bone marrow allografts survived for at least 4 months, these mice developed a wasting disease characterized by lymphoid atrophy and fibrosis without the production of autoantibodies. None of the lpr→ SCID grafts resulted in the transfer of double negative T cells or the lymphoproliferative syndrome characteristic of MRL/lpr mice. These findings indicate that SCID mice can be engrafted with splenocytes from old MRL/lpr mice and that B cells continue to secrete autoanlibodies for several months in the SCID recipients. This study also demonstrates that, unlike i.p. transplant of xenogeneic cells, acute GVHD is a consistent feature of i.p. transplants of normal allogeneic mononuclear cells into SCID mice.


This study was carried out in a plastic house of a Palm Date Research Unit-Agricultural College-University of Baghdad, during season 2013-2014, to study the effect of naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and Brassinosteroids (BL) and their interaction to the strawberry vegetative growth. The study include 12 treatments, to spray strawberry's plant with three levels from the NAA (0, 25,50,100)mg.l-1. And three levels from the BL  ( 0, 0.10, 0.05 )mg.l-1. A factorial experiment carried out at randomized completed blocked design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results were revealed the plants were significantly increased in plant height, length of runner, crown, s number, at 100 mg.l -1 levels of NAA. While the treatment (50mg.l-1) give runner ,s number and number of new plant per runner. The additions of BL were increased in plant height and crown diameter, at 0.1mg.l-1level,s of BL . While the treatment (0.05mg.l-1) give significantly increased in length of runner, crowns number's, runner numbers and plants number per runner. The interaction of two van able were significant for all the studies traits.


The importance of natural light in architecture fosters the understanding of its nature and how it is analyzed. Through knowledge of the natural lighting resource, the architectural object could be affected from the design process in order to achieve the benefits associated with its good use. A glimpse of important aspects and regulation in this area provides an understanding of where we are standing in the acknowledgment and interest advocated to natural lighting in the architectural discipline.


Sea transport is one of the most economical mode of transportation, therefore It is important to pay attention to the safety standards of cruise to prevent ship accidents. This research takes the formulation of the problem How to Implementation of Ministerial Regulation No.20 of 2015 on safety standards of the voyage by cooperative Karya Bahari and How form of responsibility of Karya Bahari Cooperative to victims of accident, Primary data sources obtained from field and secondary data sources from documentation and legislation, data collection techniques in the form of interviews with respondents who are part of Koperasi Karya Bahari members and direct observation to research location at Koperasi Karya Bahari North Lombok as the primary data collection. Then the results of the research are analyzed descriptively qualitative. Based on the results of research conducted at Karya Bahari Cooperative obtained data of responsibility and safety standards that applied in Karya Bahari cooperative, the form of liability to the victim in the event of an accident shall be compensation provided for in the service insurance and for safety standards including Human Resources, facilities or infrastructure, the Oprational Standards and the environment are almost in accordance with those stipulated in Ministerial Regulation No.20 year 2015 on shipping safety standards. In conclusion, every victim in a ship accident at Koperasi Karya Bahari is entitled to get a responsibility if it has a ticket as proof of carriage agreement and form of responsibility is insurance services raharja.


All people need different supports to be successful in their daily lives. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, support needs have traditionally been agency-directed. Circles of Support shift the control over who identifies and directs those support needs from an agency-directed model to a self-directed model, putting the individual with an intellectual disability at the center of a self-selected team of individuals involved across all environments in their daily life. By reconceptualizing how individuals identify and receive supports, individuals are given the control and agency needed to live a self-determined life. This interview is with two people working together in a different way from traditional agency-directed supports, shifting control over decisions from the provider agency to the person with a disability, allowing for greater control over all areas of his life.


Loading and unloading has the important status and role in the logistics.The paper found that there are a lot of inadequacies,such as ineffective handling prevalent and relatively low degree of mechanizationwere in the loading and unloading,also discussed some suggestions,hoping to cause the attention of the loading and unloading.


This paper describes the evolution of The Academy of Accounting Historians from 1989 through 1998. It is a continuation of a history of the first 15 years of The Academy that appeared in the December 1989 issue of this journal by the same authors.


Purpose

The main purpose of this proposed parabolic leaf spring (PLS) is to reduce the weight of the steel leaf spring by developing a new design, to increase the load-carrying capacity, to increase the ride comfort for the passengers and also to achieve a substantial weight reduction in the suspension system by replacing the semi-elliptic leaf spring.

Design/methodology/approach

The semi-elliptic steel leaf spring and the PLS are compared based on the load-carrying capacity and weight. The design constraints are stresses and deflection. The dimensions of the HM trekker Jeep semi-elliptic leaf springs are taken. A three-dimensional model is created, and the static structural analysis is performed. The semi-elliptic leaf spring is tested on a universal testing machine, and the experimental result is compared with the analytical result for the validation. After validation, the stress analysis of the PLS is carried out and compared with the stress analysis of the semi-elliptic leaf spring.

Findings

The results show that the developed PLS performs better than the semi-elliptic leaf spring in terms of load-carrying capacity and weight reduction.

Originality/value

Comparison between the semi-elliptic leaf spring and the PLS (static structural analysis and dynamic analysis) has not been carried out before.