Three major problems related to nephrosis are discussed informally by active investigators. The first subject taken up is that of experimental nephritis produced by antigens and antibodies, mostly in the rat. The next subject discussed extensively is lipoprotein metabolism, and the third is electrolyte metabolism. Considerable data are presented by the participants in these sessions of the conference, but practically all the papers are in the nature of progress reports. As might be expected, agreement on many important points was not achieved. Perhaps this is best illustrated by the closing remark of the chairman of the first session, on antigens, antibodies, and renal lesions. He stated that he would "have another martini with Dr. Pfeiffer to talk things over." There is considerable discussion in this conference of interest to the investigator, and the reader certainly gets a good idea of the current thought and directions of experimental nephritis, lipoprotein, and


Poor socioeconomic circumstances during childhood have been shown to be associated with negative health outcomes at older age. Frailty is an important outcome associated with ageing, but research on risk factors of frailty is lacking. We aimed to assess associations of childhood socioeconomic position (CSP) with frailty trajectories at older age. Data on well-being, health, socioeconomic situation, and retrospective life course from 17,916 individuals aged 50 years and over included in the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe study was used. Frailty, includ-ing pre-frailty, was operationalized as presenting either weakness, shrinking, exhaustion, slowness, or low activity. Confounder-adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze associations of CSP with frailty trajectories. Results showed that disadvantaged CSP was associated with higher risk of (pre)frailty and that this association was mediated by education for both men and women (OR=1.45, p<0.01; OR=1.43, p<0.01, respectively). A lower level of education was associated with a lower risk of (pre)frailty (OR=0.97, p<0.001, both men and women). Also lower skill main occupation class was associated with an increased risk of (pre)frailty in both men and women (OR=1.20, p<0.01; OR=1.28, p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, health behav-iors and demographics seemed to increase the risk of being (pre)frail. The findings suggest that CSP is associated with frailty trajectories at older age, which can be explained by adult socioeconomic position, in particular by education. The results can help in improving frailty trajectories by stimulating educational achievement and associated conse-quences across the life course. Background: Centenarians are the fastest growing age group globally, yet little is known about US Veteran cente-narians' incidence of dementia and its impact on survival. Methods and Results: retrospective longitudinal cohort study of elderly U.S. Veterans. Subjects are community – dwelling Veterans living in rural areas, born between 1904 and 1914 who survived to at least age 80. The study included 47936 octogenarians, 27176 nonagenarians, and 1378 centenarians. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of dementia within age groups. Incidence rates were compared using log-rank test. Cox white, service related differences in dementia incidence rate By age the for in the centenarian group, in the nonagenarian the the the differ-ence 95% dementia is generally under-recog-nized in the elderly, the study found that being a centenarian remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia compared to both octogenarians and nonagenarians. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of baby boomers' consumption patterns among retirees and the effect of their consumption patterns on depression. This study used the 5th data of Korea Retirement and Income Study(KReIS) of Korea National Pension Research Institute. Of those who were born in Korea from 1955 to 1963, total 2,034 retirees were included in this study. The Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) structured the empirical patterns of consumption and then multiple regressions ana-lyzed the relationship between consumption patterns and depression.In general, retirees spent more on private households and health care expenses. Overall the five consumption patterns were classified: (1) Basic life-oriented type(26.9%), (2) Balanced consumption life style(29.3%), (3) Social life-ori-ented type(18.3%), (4) Leisure-oriented type(18.5%), and (5) Education-oriented type(7.0%). The level of retirees' depression was associated with higher dissatisfaction with leisure activities, higher education, having no spouse, lower subjective health, higher limitations in physical functions, having any diagnosed disability, having fewer children, and more negative self-perceived economic status. Regarding their consumption patterns, the education-oriented type showed significantly lower depression than the basic life-oriented type. These results suggest meaningful implications for better understanding of the baby-boomers' economic burden and life styles. In light of a key generation of silver industry and market, gerontological research on baby-boomers should expand its scope towards more inclusive measures of consumption in later life. and fifth waves. The cross-sectional model is based on data from 16 European countries, divided to 5 different types of welfare regimes, of 132,845 responders (mean age 65.8 ± 10.5) 55.8% of are women, to investigate the influence of welfare regime and socioeconomic status on health and self-perceived health. A second longitudinal model explores changes over time between the first, second and the fifth wave (a period of about 10 years) in health parameters and self-perceived health in correlation to changes in sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. The study found significant gender differences in self-perceived health and that welfare regimes have an effect both on health perception and on health indi-cators that in some regimes (e.g. the Mediterranean countries) differ for men and women. A better understanding of the differences in socioeconomic abilities of men and women on their health is needed for framing social policies in different and regimes.


Fifty thousand young people had gathered beneath a bright blue sky on that early September day, and the summer heat could still be felt at the Mitsuzawa Stadium in Yokohama. In making this declaration, my mentor indicated that this was to be considered first among his instructions to his youthful followers and to subsequent generations. Although his health was already failing, there was something titanic in his bearing, as if holding the weight of the heavens on his shoulders. Even today his powerful tones and burning passion continue to resound in my heart.


The utility model relates to a high-efficient and energy-saving hydraulic crushing machine which comprises a rack, a blanking and feeding part, a crushing roller and a hydraulic tension belt transmission part, wherein the crushing roller comprises a roller shaft fixed on the U-steel rack through an annular imbrex, and a pair of upper crushing rollers and a pair of lower crushing rollers which are arranged on the roller shaft. The high-efficient and energy-saving hydraulic crushing machine is characterized in that a crushing roller fixing limiting and regulating device is arranged at the pair of upper crushing rollers and the pair of lower crushing rollers; the device consists of a crushing roller fixing mechanism, a crushing roller limiting mechanism and a crushing roller adjusting mechanism which are arranged in sequence at the left, the middle and the right parts of the pair of upper crushing rollers and the pair of lower crushing rollers; the crushing roller fixing mechanism consists of a fastening nut, a sizing block, an upper and a lower layers of roller locating puller rods, a circular baffle block and a fastening nut; the crushing roller limiting mechanism consists of a limit adjusting wedge and limit regulating bolts which are arranged vertical to the limit adjusting wedge at the upper and the lower parts; the crushing roller regulating mechanism consists of a pressure roller bracket, and a spring, a clearance regulating screw rod, a roller pressure regulating bolt and an fine-tuning nut that are arranged on the pressure roller bracket in sequence. The technology has the characteristics of simple structure, flexibility and convenience for regulating a clearance between the crushing rollers, convenience for repairing, low failure rate and long service life, and the like; and the rollers are prevented from grinding with each other.


ABSTRACT The loss of significant faculty members comes at a time when public and community expectations for institutions of higher learning have expanded. Public skepticism and the demands for accountability have resulted in greater attention being given to learning outcomes, subject matter, knowledge, proficiency, and capability. This article adds to our understanding of how graduate school operates as a socialization process for individuals who seek an academic career in higher education. Moreover, this article will focus specifically on the challenge of preparing and socializing doctoral students of color to the academy. New expectations require that substantive changes take place in the socialization process of graduate doctoral students in kinesiology if new faculty are to experience an academic environment that is rewarding.


There is an increasing need for the characterization of small flaws in ceramic components. This project is concerned with detecting and characterizing flaws in the bulk of ceramic parts. Cylindrical tensile test specimens of hot pressed Si3N4 are being prepared and, when available, will be inspected. In preparation for the arrival of the samples, measurement techniques have been developed for inspection of cylindrical shaped samples, signal processing techniques have been de vel oped for obtaining flaw scattering data over a broad range of frequencies and analysis techniques have been developed to automatically extract flaw characteristics from measured data.


Background: Maternal mortality is a topic of global importance and has been recognised at both a national and international level through the publication of the Crisp (2007) report and the Millennium Development Goals (WHO, 1990). It is widely recognised that there is a global shortage skilled health professionals and because of this the role of the Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) is prominent and many mothers choose to give birth with their assistance.
Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of the TBA's role throughout pregnancy, labour and the post natal period in lowering the maternal death rate in Sub Saharan Africa.
Methods: A modified systematic review of the literature was undertaken exploring the use of TBAs and the care they provide with relevance to the maternal mortality rate. Five electronic databases were searched and primary research articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The identified literature was critically appraised using an adapted tool and the literature was analysed thematically.
Findings: This review produced seventeen papers which included both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Four main themes were indentified in the literature; the role of the TBA, the woman's choice of where to give birth, effectiveness of TBA training programmes and suggestions for future practice. Findings were discussed in light of the current available literature and policy and further suggestions are offered towards future practice and resource use.
Conclusions: The relationship between TBA use and the maternal death is complex and dependent on a range of factors. It was not possible to ascertain if TBAs had either a positive or negative impact on the maternal death rate within the limitations of this review. However, the opportunity to use TBAs as a resource to target the high maternal death rates of many countries seems extensive and the need for more empirical research into this area is acknowledged.


This paper presents a circuit topology merging power amplifier and mixer functionalities in a single circuit. The amplified local oscillator signal in the transmitter path is used simultaneously for the mixing operation along with the received radio-frequency signal, applied to the output of the power amplifier. The transistors at the output stage of the power amplifier are used for both amplification and passive mixing. The conversion loss of the mixer can be minimized, whilst the performance of the power amplifier is not affected. This approach is verified in measurement of a merged power-amplifier-mixer circuit in 0.13 µm CMOS technology. The mixer path offers a conversion loss of 10 dB, whilst the power amplifier achieves on-board output power of 7 dBm. The presented concept can be particularly advantageous for compact integrated monostatic radar solutions for low-cost mass-market applications.


Abstract : A class of solutions is derived of the two dimensional Helmholtz equation which satisfied particularly simple boundary conditions. These were used to construct a double integral equation for the Green's function for a line segment. When the line segment was infinite a double integral representation was obtained of the difference of two Hankel functions (line sources). For the case when the line was semi-infinite the known result for the Green's function was used to obtain, via the integral equation, an integral representation for this same Green's function. This integral form, when properly interpreted, led to the corresponding form for the Green's function for a finite segment and this assertion was verified. (Author)


Background: Prolongation of labor is one such dilemma that every obstetrician tries to avoid. The ultimate aim of the obstetrician is to accomplish the delivery in the shortest possible time without compromising maternal and fetal safety. Prolonged labor often ends up in great suffering to the parturient because of dehydration, confusion, and infection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of drotaverine hydrochloride with hyoscine butyl bromide for increasing the rate of cervical dilatation and to compare their duration of labor. Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted on 60 women who were randomly allocated to Group I, which was control group, women in Group II were injected hyoscine butylbromide one ampoule (20 mg) and the women in Group III were injected drotaverine hydrochloride one ampoule (40 mg) intramuscular at 3 cm dilatation of cervix. The data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results: When compared to Group I (control group), Group II and Group III took lower time for all the three stages of labor. However, intergroup difference was significant only for Stage I (p 0.05). Conclusions: The finding in this study suggested a significant impact of both the drugs in first stage as well as total duration of labor as compared to control group. However, no significant difference between two study groups was observed. Thus, both drotaverine hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide could effectively reduce first stage as well as total duration of labor.


Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is in general a rare and life-threatening form of non-reversible obstructive lung disease in which the bronchioles are compressed and narrowed by fibrosis and/or inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of BO in pediatric patients and explore its risk factors. The medical records of 35 pediatric patients with BO at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were evaluated. The age at onset of symptoms was 2–42 months (mean 13.3 ± 8.9 months), with age at diagnosis of 5 months–4 years (mean 17.8 ± 9.0 months). High-resolution computed tomography findings included mosaic pattern (100%), atelectasis (37.1%), air trapping (31.4%), and bronchiectasis (20.0%). Three patients received lung biopsies and mainly exhibited an inflammatory process surrounding the lumen of bronchioles. BO predominantly resulted from post-infectious causes (91.4%) which were primarily caused by adenovirus (50%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (46.7%) and influenza (20%). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) showed severe and fixed airflow obstruction, decreased compliance, and increased resistance. No significant difference was found between before and after steroid treatment (P > 0.05). Two patients died owing to severe pulmonary complications, one of whom had inherent immunodeficiency. Our study suggests that the occurrence of BO, especially post-infectious BO, in China is relatively high and might result from primary immunodeficiency diseases in severe cases. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia caused by congenital dysplasia of the larynx and vaccination not on schedule might be potential risk factors for persistent and recurrent BO.


An experiment to measure the properties of the collisions between two small spheres or between a small sphere and a semi‐infinite flat wall are described. The apparatus releases the particles in a free‐fall without initial spin. The impacts are modeled in terms of three coefficients. The first is the coefficient of normal restitution. The second represents the frictional properties of the contact surfaces. The last characterizes the restitution of the tangential components of the velocity of the contact point for impacts that do not involve sliding. The coefficients are calculated from stroboscopic photographs of the ballistics of the particles near the collision. The results establish that the collision model provides an accurate description of the dynamics of the impacts.


The continual proliferation of mobile devices has stimulated the development of opportunistic encounter-based networking and has spurred a myriad of proximity-based mobile applications. A primary cornerstone of such applications is to discover neighboring devices effectively and efficiently. Despite extensive protocol optimization, current neighbor discovery modalities mainly rely on radio interfaces, whose energy and wake up delay required to initiate, configure and operate these protocols hamper practical applicability. Unlike conventional schemes that actively emit radio tones, we exploit ubiquitous audio events to discover neighbors passively. The rationale is that spatially adjacent neighbors tend to share similar ambient acoustic environments. We propose AIR, an effective and efficient neighbor discovery protocol via low power acoustic sensing to reduce discovery latency. Especially, AIR substantially increases the discovery probability of the first time they turn the radio on. Compared with the state-of-the-art neighbor discovery protocol, AIR significantly decreases the average discovery latency by around 70%, which is promising for supporting vast proximity-based mobile applications.


Foreword by David M. O'Brien Preface Introduction Religion: A "Catholic Seat"? Religion: A "Jewish Seat"? Race: A "Black Seat"? Gender: A "Woman's Seat"? Conclusion: Should the Supreme Court Be "Representative"? Appendix 1: Members of the United States Supreme Court, 1798--1991 Appendix 2: Catholic, Jewish, Black, and Female Justices of the United States Supreme Court Bibliography Index


In stereopsis, excessive screen disparity is known as one of the main causes of visual fatigue. Although the visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic depth perception has been reported in a large number of subjective assessments, there has been little effort to measure objective indicators for the visual fatigue. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the visual fatigue and the amount of binocular disparity by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As a result, we detected strong neuronal activities in frontal eye field (FEF) when the presented visual stimuli had disparities beyond the comfort zone. Since FEF is known to be involved in eye movement control, it also appears to have correlation with the visual fatigue caused by the stereoscopic depth perception.


Background
 Proteasome, a complex involved in the intracellular protein degradation, consists of multiple subunits, but only three subunits have enzymatic activity to cleave and degrade proteins, namely β1, β2 and β5. Carfilzomib (CFZ), a second-generation proteasome inhibitor (PI), can induce cell death by selective and irreversible inhibition of β5 subunit of proteasome. Preclinical data suggested that high-dose CFZ could co-inhibit predominantly β2 proteasome activity, followed by β1 inhibition (Besse et al, Cell Chem Biol. 2019). Over the past few years, CFZ has become a corner stone for multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. Currently, CFZ is approved by the FDA in different dosing schedules in combination with lenalidomide or daratumumab and dexamethasone. However, the optimal CFZ dosing is still a matter of debate, with the approved dosage ranging from 20to 70mg/m 2 in different regimens. In addition, if response can be recaptured by escalating CFZ dose in patients progressing from low-dose CFZ has yet to be determined. The aim of our current study was to analyse the profile of proteasome inhibition in the respective dose cohorts and to elucidate if high-dose CFZ could recapture response in patients resistant to low-dose CFZ.
 Methods
 We prospectively collected clinical data and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 32 patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) MM before and 1-8 hours after CFZ administration. PBMC were lysed and labelled for the activity of individual proteasome subunits using activity based proteasome probes and the proteasome subunits were separated using SDS-PAGE. The activity of constitutive and immunoproteasome β1, β2 and β5 subunits was evaluated by densitometry analysis and combination of the activity of constitutive and immunoproteasome individual subunit was used for further analysis.
 Results
 Overall, six, nine, twelve and five patients received CFZ at a dose of 20, 27, 36 and 56 mg/m 2, respectively. As expected, the total activity of proteasome decreased with higher doses of CFZ. Significant inhibition (median inhibition > 50%) of β5 subunit was observed already at 20 mg/m 2 dose, while β2 subunit started to be co-inhibited only at a dose of ≥27 mg/m 2. Significant co-inhibition of β2 activity was seen at 36 mg/m 2 dose, at which also β1 subunit started to be co-inhibited. Finally, at 56 mg/m 2, the activity of all active subunits was inhibited with a median inhibition of > 50%, with the strongest inhibition of the β5 subunit, followed by β2 and then β1. When we compared the patient groups low-dose CFZ (20 or 27 mg/m 2) versus high-dose CFZ (36 or 56 mg/m 2), we observed a significant difference in β2 (P=0.002) and β5 (P=0.02) subunit inhibition between the both groups. In terms of total proteasome activity, high-dose CFZ demonstrated a significantly higher proteasome inhibition in comparison with patients receiving low-dose CFZ (P=0.01). In brief, our results suggested that high-dose CFZ, in contrast to low-dose CFZ, could obtain superior proteasome inhibition by co-inhibiting β2 subunit of proteasome complex.
 In light of this finding, we successfully treated six RRMM patients who were resistant to low-dose CFZ with CFZ dose escalation. All six patients were heavily pretreated with 3-12 lines of therapy including daratumumab, two PIs, two immunomodulatory drugs and autologous stem cell transplant. Additionally, one and two patients received prior treatment with B-cell maturation antigen targeted bi-specific antibody and chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cell, respectively. In the last line of treatment, these six patients showed progression during CFZ based regimens with low-dose CFZ, namely 20 or 27 mg/m 2. We therefore increased the CFZ dose to 36 or 56 mg/m 2 and the doses of agents other than CFZ in the combination regimens remained the same. High-dose CFZ dose recaptured response in all six patients with four and two patients that achieved partial remission and very good partial remission, respectively, and the progression free survival ranged from 1-13 months.
 Conclusion
 In summary, high-dose CFZ, namely ≥ 36mg/m 2, showed more effective proteasome inhibition via blocking β5 and β2 subunits, while low-dose CFZ could not achieve a sufficient inhibition of β2 subunit. We provided the first in human evidence that high-dose CFZ could recapture response in RRMM patients resistant to low-dose CFZ by co-inhibiting the β2 subunit activity of proteasome complex.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Einsele: Janssen, Celgene/BMS, Amgen, GSK, Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


This paper mainly discusses the problem about how to establish color conversion model of FM halftoning technique between the device-independent color space CIELAB or XYZ and the device-dependent color space CMY. Although there are many color conversion models, the research of color conversion about FM halftoning technique is scarcely any research. Above all, through analyzing the existed color conversion models and taking into account characteristic of FM halftoning techniques,this paper established the forward model which transformed the color from the color space CMY to the color space CIELAB or XYZ, using the three-dimensioned looking-up table with tetrahedron interpolation technology. Analyzed and tested it to find out whether this algorithmic method is adaptive and practicality.


In this work we focus on spectral asymptotic for the second derivative operators. Here we study Schrödinger operator with zero-range potentials, because this operator has great importance for understanding the solvable problems in quantum mechanics and atomic physics. It appears in different models such as the mathematical physics, applied mathematics and theoretical physics. We have two objectives in this work. We first demonstrated that this operator has a continuous spectrum contains an infinite number of bands separated by gaps. We then explained that the bands to gaps ratio tends to zero under certain conditions.


This is the fourth and final Report of the ILA Committee on Non-State Actors (NSAs). The first section of the Report briefly summarizes the history of the Committee and introduces the structure and purposes of this Final Report.


automatic combinational weighing device, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of correction devices of the zero point 31, interposed on the signal paths respectively for transferring the outputs W1, ... W8 weight detecting means 291 ... 298 said adder device 43, in response to an excitation signal to cancel its entry level for producing an output of zero, means for generating a zero point correction control signal, and correction control means coupled to the control gate means and correcting zero point devices to act in response to the zero point correction control signal to prevent the application of the second control signal and detecting the application of the first control signal and to detect the application of the first control signal for applying the excitation signal to the zero point correction devices. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


In this paper, we presented the fabrication and testing of four types of stretchable electrodes designed for piezoresistive sensors based on silver-nanowires (AgNWs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The effects of oxygen plasma treatment and electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporation) on the stretchability and contact resistance between the electrodes and piezoresistive material were investigated and discussed with the assistance of SEM image and EDS spectra. The results could be used to guide the fabrication of electrodes that are comprised of high stretchability and low contact resistance for skin-like devices.


—The paper was published at ISCA 1998, exactly 25 years ago [3]. At the time, the community relied primarily on trace-driven, user-level simulation of scientific workloads to study architectural tradeoffs in processor design. This paper looked instead at commercial workloads, which by then had already surpassed scientific workloads in terms of market share for high-end servers. It also broke new ground by using two distinct methodologies that were emerging at the time: (1) tools to capture low-overhead hardware performance counters and (2) complete system simulation that could selectively tradeoff simulation performance for simulation accuracy. The combination was used to study the cache hierarchy and shared-memory communication patterns on performance. Today the tools, methods, and workloads we used are broadly available to the community. While the hardware environment has obviously changed significantly, the need to scientifically study CPU pipelines, intra-socket communication, and board-level communication in detail has not. For example, the current architectural disruption caused by machine learning acceleration provides a good opportunity for the community to use similar methods.


Abstract : The computational simulation of plasma diagnostics using microwave has been successfully accomplished by the research grant. This simulation capability is based on numerical solutions to a combination of three-dimensional Maxwell equations and the generalized Ohm's law in the time domain. The transverse electromagnetic wave of the TE1,0 mode transmitting from an aperture antenna, propagating through plasma, and receiving by the aperture antenna is simulated by solving these governing equations. The numerical result is first validated by comparing with classic theoretical results in waveguide then systematically applies to key components of microwave attenuation measuring arrangement. In this process, the radiation pattern of microwave from a pyramidal horn antenna, the diffraction and refraction of waves at the media interface, as well as, the blackout phenomenon of microwave propagating in a weakly ionized gas are delineated. Numerical results were obtained for a range of plasma transport properties including electrical conductivity, permittivity, and plasma frequency. The newly developed computational simulation technique has been applied to resolve the large data scattering concerns between Langmuir probes and microwave absorption measurements in the AFRL/VA Mach 5 plasma channel. It was found that the irregular and fluctuating plasma generated in the magneto-hydrodynamics hypersonic facility is the main source of the measuring discrepancy. Meanwhile the simulated results contribute to a series of successful applications of hypersonic flow control via surface plasma. This achievement is also included as a revolutionary technology program by aerospace industry.


In this paper we investigate and demonstrate independent control and manipulation of multiple levitated magnets using a single planar array of cylindrical coils. Tracked motion results are given for two levitated magnets where each magnet follows a motion trajectory in close proximity to the other. Stable levitation of both magnets together requires accurate modeling and real-time calculation of force and torque interactions between all coils and magnets, as well as between the two levitated magnets. We aim to further develop the concept of multiple magnet levitation to enable the use of magnets as robotic fingers to grasp and manipulate small objects.An optical motion tracking system supplies the rigid-body position and orientation of the magnets as needed for feedback control, using three infrared emitters fixed to each magnet as markers. Each cylindrical magnet is controlled in three degrees of freedom in position and two degrees of freedom in rotation, leaving the rotation about the cylindrical axis uncontrolled. The forces and torques on the two magnets are generated by an array of 22 cylindrical coils, as a redundant control system. We plan to extend and improve these preliminary results to more complex motions and interactions through more sophisticated control and calibration methods.


Objectives This study has the purpose of researching the mediating effects of job resources of the effects of married child-care teachers' work-family conflict and enrichment on the work and family life satisfaction.
Methods The subjects of this study were 534 married childcare teachers working at daycare centers in 5 cities in Gyeonggi-do, and the data was collected from the 1st week of August to the 2nd week of September 2019 through questionnaires. For data processing, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model were performed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs.
Results The results of this study are the following. First, the work-family conflict of married childcare teachers was found to have an negative effect on family life satisfaction, and work-family improvement was found to have an positive effect on work and family life satisfaction. Second, In the work-family conflict of married child-care teachers' effects on work-life satisfaction, the ego-resilience statistically functioned as a mediating role and it did not have any mediating effects on spouse support and social support. In the effects of married child-care teachers' work-family conflict on family-life satisfaction, ego-resilience and social support have partial mediating effects and spouse support did not have any mediating effects. In the effects of married child-care teachers' work-family enrichment on work-life satisfaction, ego-resilience, spouse support, and social support do not have any mediating effects. In the effects of married child-care teachers' work-family enrichment on family-life satisfaction, ego-resilience, spouse support, and social support statistically have mediating effects.
Conclusions Based on the findings, it was confirmed the importance of a plan to respond appropriately for the satisfaction of work and family life through effective management of work-family conflict of married child-care teachers.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in vitreous body of New Zealand rabbit by HPLC.METHODS Procedures of sample included deproteinization and condensation at 70 ℃ ,and recovery by mobile phase.Mobile phase of methanol 0.34% KH 2PO 4(55∶45) and ZOBARX C 18 column were used,the flow rate was 0.20 mL ·min -1 and detection wavelength 240 nm .RESULTS The linear range of dexamethasone sodium phosphate was 0.062 5 - 2.5 mg ·L -1 ( r = 0.998 8 ).The absolute and relative recoveries of three levels were 100.2% - 106.3% 、 70.7% - 80.1% .The RSD of intra day and inter day were 2.9% - 4.4% 、 5.1% - 8.3% respectively.The limit of detection was 0.020 mg ·L -1 .CONCLUSION This method has been proved to be accurate and reliable.


This study investigates the extent to which universities exploit websites in order to increase international student recruitment. Therefore, 40 European institution websites were content analysed in terms of information quality, system quality, cultural values and creative strategies. The majority of the universities utilize the web as an effective public relations tool providing information and usability, but fail in connecting with the publics via two-way communication and the interactivity level. Further findings reveal that creative strategies are correlated with the number of incoming Erasmus students.


Through new developments in the area of cryogenic and vacuum transfer, it is now possible to study non-traditional materials and phenomena using atom probe tomography, including soft matter and the distribution of solute hydrogen. At the University of Sydney we have been developing one of only a handful of systems that enable the transfer of samples at, or near to liquid nitrogen temperatures between multiple characterisation platforms. Our cryogenic interconnected laboratory incorporates a local electrode atom probe, a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) with a cryogenic stage and a glovebox that enables the transfer of samples between a nitrogen atmosphere and high-vacuum at cryogenic temperatures. To facilitate the transfer of these samples we utilise an ultra-high vacuum cryogenic transfer suitcase, pictured herein.


Sports betting products rely upon a balance between their knowledge and chance based structural characteristics. The emphasis by bookmakers on mastering the knowledge-based elements to become winners poses significant challenges for those seeking help for gambling disorder. Bettors find difficulties in integrating their preconceptions about the role of knowledge and skills in winning into the new cognitive restructuring fostered by cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Using a grounded theory approach, this study collected data from 43 Spanish sports bettors undergoing treatment for gambling disorder. The results suggest sports bettors neutralise some gambling-related cognitive distortions during CBT but retain others. Sports bettors try to eliminate them but encounter external validation to retain them, as well as internal incongruences to integrate them into a coherent understanding of how gambling works.


The utilization of alternative skin models (ASM) for testing has sparked significant attention in both academic and industrial environments. This aligns with the 3R principle, which stands for replacement, reduction, and refinement for ethical animal experimentation (Niehues et al., 2018; Sonawane et al., 2022). In the field of dermatology, the development of ASM has become crucial (Mathes et al., 2014; Yun et al., 2018). Skin is a complex organ, and studying its biology and pathology often requires the use of animal models, which can be costly, time-consuming, react differently from human skin, and raise ethical concerns. ASM, based on human cells, reconstructed skin, ex vivo skin, organ-on-a-chip, and computational in silico models, have emerged as a promising solution, as they are more cost-effective and sustainable, present fewer ethical considerations, and, in certain cases, show advantages compared to the corresponding animal models (Danilenko et al., 2016). The transformation of ASM from research to industry has been slow but steady, as summarized in Table 1 (Casas et al., 2013; Araújo et al., 2014; Mathes et al., 2014; Abaci et al., 2015; Hayden et al., 2015; Lukács et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2021; Mehling et al., 2022; Silva and Tamburic, 2022). The use of various complementary models can contribute to the industry by providing data for safety, claim substantiation, and initial proof of concept, diminishing technology readiness level (TRL) gaps and shortening the time to market. Furthermore, ASM will enable the study of underrepresented populations from diverse ethnicities and genetic backgrounds. Despite their importance and benefits, challenges and gaps still need to be addressed to facilitate the translation of ASM into industrial applications. One of the main needs is their standardization to ensure that results are consistent and comparable across different laboratories and models. Currently, the validation process for these models can be complex and expensive (Worth and Balls, 2001), which has been a barrier to their adoption. More research is needed to streamline the validation process and to ensure that ASM can replace traditional animal testing methods (Bas et al., 2021). Additionally, the lack of complexity of some models (e.g., cut off from blood vessels and immune cell migration) can limit their usefulness in certain applications. Finally, regulatory challenges also need to be addressed to ensure the safety and efficacy of ASM for use in different industrial sectors such as pharmaceuticals, devices, cosmetics, chemicals, and health-tech. OPEN ACCESS


The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is an important insect pest of cruciferous vegetables in south China and has developed serious resistance to insecticides used. In an effort to search for alternative control methods, the pathogenicity of an isolate (SCAU-PFCF01) of the fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, originally derived from Coptotermes formosanus, against the diamondback moth larvae, was studied in the laboratory by immersing larvae of different instars into serial concentrations of 10~3-10~7 conidia/mL of the fungus. The mortality of the diamondback moth caused by infection of P. fumosoroseus increased with the concentration of conidial suspension and the time after treatment. The highest concentration (10~7 conidias/mL) treatment caused 96%, 85%, and 80% mortality for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae on day 7, respectively. A time-dose-mortality model was used to analyze the bioassay data and the model fitted the data well, resulting in parameters for estimating the time and dose effects. The pathogenicity of P. fumosoroseus to the diamondback moth differed among various larval stages. The susceptibility of the diamondback moth larvae to P. fumosoroseus decreased in the sequence of 2nd instar, 3rd instar, and 4th instar. The estimated LC_ 50 values of 2nd instar on day 7 after treatment, 3rd instar on day 5 after treatment and 4th instar on day 4 after treatment were 1.17×10~4, 1.44×10~4, and 5.21×10~4 conidia/mL, respectively; while LC_ 90 of 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larvae were 1.98×10~6, 3.82×10~7, and 1.29×10~8 conidia/mL, respectively. The median lethal time of P. fumosoroseus to the diamondback moth larvae differed at various concentrations. Values of LT_ 50 of all tested instars were shortened with concentration. The LT_ 50 values of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar were 3.16-1.72 days, 3.21-1.83 days and 3.69-2.04 days, respectively, in the range of 1×10~5-1×10~7 conidia/mL. The results suggested the potential of the isolate SCAU-PFCF01 for use in microbial control of P. xylostella.


Cell therapy development, including Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, involves many steps and requires processing on average 3 billion white blood cells or more. Automated large scale immunomagnetic cell isolation with high efficiency and throughput in a closed system is desired to enrich T cells from apheresis products.
 Current automated, high capacity methods are time consuming, high cost, low yield and can potentially influence the physiology of the target cells. We have developed an automated closed magnetic separation platform, MARS® Bar to address these problems. This platform uses three uniquely designed magnetic separation modules and each magnetic module can perform positive or negative selection of target cells in a fluidic chamber at high flow rate (1mL/min per module). On this platform we have developed cell isolation reagents and program with minimal cell preparation. In the pilot study, we isolated 116 million CD3+ T cells from 267million CD45+ cells in a single LSR chamber on a single MARS® module. The entire automated process took less than 15 minutes to complete and resulted in > 95% purity and > 96% recovery of CD3+ T cells. The isolated cells were then activated and expanded, with results showing high proliferation and the dominant population being central memory T cells. The unique MARS® Bar matrix-free design has unlimited capacity because of the automated release of positively captured cells and very low carry-over. This was validated by processing greater than 3 billion leukocytes at 20 million cells per mL within the three modules in parallel and intermittent release of captured cells for collection. The MARS® Bar can be easily integrated into standard T cell production workflow.


The present invention relates to a method of driving the solid-state imaging device, the imaging system and the solid-state imaging device. The solid-state imaging device comprising: an optical black pixel region comprising a plurality of rows arranged along the pixels; effective pixel region comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in a row along; and a control unit, the control unit is performed in parallel to the optical black pixel reset scan region and the effective pixel region and a readout scanning the optical black pixel region and the effective pixel area, and the control unit controls the read, so that the effective pixel signal read out from said density lower than the density of the pixel area of the pixel of the optical black pixel region from the read signal. Wherein the control unit controls the readout and reset, so that the length of the optical black pixel region of the accumulation period of the pixel is equal to the length of the accumulation period of the effective pixel region of the pixel.


Abstract The thesis of the paper is that it is an illusion to think that the mind/body problem is one that philosophy can expect to solve. The basic reason is that the problem is one of determining the real nature of conscious states, and philosophy lacks the tools to work this out. It is argued that anti-materialist arguments in philosophy tend to rely on modal intuitions which lack any support. It is then argued that pro-materialist arguments, such as those of Smart and of Papineau, are dubious because they either yield a conclusion that is too conditional on what other types of research might discover, or rely on premises that anyone who is not already a materialist can simply query. Even if these points are correct the main thesis remains fairly speculative, but at least some support for it is presented.


The tadpole of Physalaemus soaresi is described and notes on its reproductive behavior are presented. The advertisement call of P. soaresi is described and compared with the call of P. olfersii. Taxonomic notes on these similar species are presented.


Taxonomy of the Symphyotrichum patens complex (S. patens , S. phlogifolium, S. georgianum) is reviewed and a new variety is described: S. patens var. terranigrum Campbell & Seymour. This variety is known mostly from the Black Belt grassla nds of Alabama and Mississippi, but it extends east to calcareous soils on the Piedmont of No rth Carolina. Also, there are a few records of similar plants from the southern Interior Low P lateaus and the Ridge and Valley region as far north as Pennsylvania. Var. terranigrum is distinct in the minute stipitate glands on stems and leaves, with non-glandular hairs dense or sparse or absent. In most variants of S. patens , glands are largely restricted to involucres and non-glandular hairs are dens e, although glands are widespread in some plants of more typical S. patens that are concentrated in Appalachian regions. Leaves of the new variety tend to have a bluish-waxy sheen, usually darkeni ng when dried; mid-stem leaves tend to be relatively short and clustered; and bracteal leaves tend to be abuptly reduced above the peduncle base. However, several collections appear transitional to v ar. gracile or var. patens. It is suggested that the presence of glands on stems and leaves is ancestr l within the complex and that var. terranigrum partly corresponds to the diploid population mapped by previous authors in the Black Belt. A hypothesis is proposed: that dense stipitate gl ands in these plants contribute to deterrence of herbivores, which have generally been a stronger selective for c on more base-rich soils due to promotion of herbivory by productive nutritious vegetation. Among taxa of Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Patentes plus sect. Grandiflori (sensu lato), glandularity appears to be associated with preference for base-rich soils. The polyploid S. georgianum, with distinct rhizomes and unusually large flowering heads, is partly allopatric with the other two species. It is concentrated in medium acid to base-rich grasslands and thin woodlands on or near t h Piedmont. However, there is significant variation in habit and glandularity in S. georgianum, together with similar plants from Texas to Pennsylvania. New county records are provided for S. georgianum, including the first from Tennessee. A largely eglandular variant of S. georgianum is concentrated on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. An undescribed georgianum-like taxon could be based on distinct collections concentrat ed in Texas and ranging from Oklahoma to Georgia. In contrast t o typical S. georgianum, these plants usually produce shorter rhizomes or offsets (<15 cm long), and sho rter stems (mostly 20–60 cm vs. 50–100 cm). Their leaves are usually eglandular, and those below mi d-stem are sometimes relatively large and more persistent to flowering. Their inflore scences tend to be less widely branched, with smaller heads. But the inflorescences of both typical georgianum and these "short western" plants are usually distinct from other taxa of the S. patens complex in their somewhat compact form with ascending branches. Observations of cultivated plants and c ytological investigation of these apparent variants or allies of S. georgianum would be useful for a better understanding of the whole compl ex. Campbell and Seymour: Symphyotrichum patens complex 2 Like violets in spring, the North American asters now known as species of Symphyotrichum sometimes seem designed to provoke exasperation and discord am ngst systematic botanists during autumn, whilst the general public admires them from a more rela xed esthetic perspective. Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) Nesom is a relatively distinct and showy division within the genus; it is characterized by rays usually blue to purple, phyllaries usually stipitate-glandul ar, cauline leaves 3-nerved, rounded to auriculate or amplexicaul at sessile bases, and a bas ic chromosome number of x = 5. But concepts of appropriate sections within subg. Virgulus remain unsettled, from A. Jones (1980) to Brouillet et al. (2006). Moreover, among plants known as sect. Patentes (Torr. & Gray) Nesom the circumscription of some taxa and their relationships remain uncertain. Based on Brouillet et al. (2006), the core of sect. Pa entes comprises Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom, S. phlogifolium (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom, and S. georgianum (Alex.) Nesom. In addition, S. adnatum (Nutt.) Nesom and S. walteri (Alex.) Nesom could be included, but those species of southeastern sandhills and pine flatwoods are highly d stinctive in their somewhat scandent habit and in their adnate viscid distal leaves ( adnatum) or somewhat succulent leaves ( walteri). Two additional species also appear relatively close. (1) S. novae-angliae (L.) Nesom is a widespread robust weedy species of relat ively fertile soils in eastern states: diploid (2n = 10) or rarely tetraploid ( A. Jones 1980; Semple 1984), with unusually large heads that have somewhat foliaceous, densely glandular phy laries, and relatively narrow leaves (length/width ca. 5–10 versus 2.5–5) that are unusually dense up in to lower parts of the somewhat corymbiform inflorescence. It has been considered the sol e member of sect. Polyliguli but it could be grouped with the following. (2) S. grandiflorum (L.) Nesom is restricted to the Carolinas and Virginia, especially on sandy soils: dodecaploid (2n = 60) or occasionally hexaploid (Brouillet et al. 2006), with spreading rhizomes, more cuneate distal leaves and scabrous phyllaries. It has been grouped in sect. Grandiflori with some widely scattered diploid species that have less aur iculate-clasping leaves: S. campestre, S. pygmaeum, S. yukonense, S. fendleri and S. oblongifolium. It is likely that all of these species (listed in this paragraph) form a largely monopyletic group, distinguished from sect. Virgulus plus sect. Ericoidi by the presence of stipitate glands, at least in the inflorescence. However, there has probably been some reticu late evolution, as illustrated by S. × amethystinum, a common hybrid of S. novae-angliae and S. ericoides (Chmielewski & Semple 2003). Symphyotrichum patens , S. phlogifolium, and S. georgianum are species of southeastern states (Figure 1) that have been the focus of studies by R. Jones ( 1980, 1983, 1992). Symphyotrichum phlogifolium is a tetraploid (2n = 20) centered in Appalachian regions and typical of relatively mesic, shady habitats. It has often been confused with S. patens , which is a widespread southeastern species that occurs mostly in more dry and open habitats. Symphyotrichum georgianum is a generally distinctive decaploid (2n = 50) of dry woodlands and grasslands in a restricted southeastern range (Brouillet et al. 2006). These three species share phylla ries that are unequal and non-foliaceous, pubescent at least on margins, their apices green and usually somewhat glandular but not densely so (less than novae-angliae ). Both proximal and distal cauline leaves generally have som ewhat auriculate or amplexicaul bases, although this character i s often less obvious along inflorescence branches, where leaves are usually much reduced. Nesom (2006) reviewed the mapping of chromosome numbers in Symphyotrichum patens by R. Jones (1980, 1983), Semple (1984), and others. He confirmed that tetraploids are widespread across southeastern states but that diploids (2n = 10) are c onc ntrated on the Gulf Coastal Plain. Although diploids have generally not been recognized as distinct taxa, initial crossing experiments have indicated that significant barriers to pollination e xist between diploids and tetraploids (Jones 1983). One cluster of recorded diploids occurs in or near the Black Belt of Mississippi and Alabama. Campbell and Seymour: Symphyotrichum patens complex 3 R. Jones (1980) had previously noted somewhat distinctive plant s in the Black Belt, especially among diploids: with "...strongly adnate-ascending leaves and ped uncular bracts, heavy glandular pubescence, and larger involucres..." However, he found that the se c aracters also occurred to some extent within tetraploids from that region and decided not to describe a new taxon. Some diploids west of the Mississippi River have been assigned to var. gr cile (Hook.) Nesom by Jones (1983) and Brouillet et al. (2006). But Nesom (2006) reassessed var. gr cile and could not discern a "geographic zone of morphological discontinuity that would enable or jus tify the recognition of two taxa." He concluded that only one additional variety is clearly distinguisha ble from typical S. patens : var. patentissimum (Lindl.) Nesom, which comprises tetraploids centered in t he Ozarkian region. The initial impetus for this paper was the observation o f distinctive patens-like plants during 2009 at the Pulliam Prairie (Chickasaw County, Mississippi), which is one of the best known remnants of native grassland in the Black Belt (Campbel l & Seymour 2011a, 2011b, 2012). These plants appeared to match R. Jones's (1980) description of diploid s in the Black Belt. Subsequently, the first author reviewed collections filed under Symphyotrichum patens at several herbaria across southeastern states, to see if a new taxon was worth rec ognizing, and if so, how distinctive it might be and where it occurs. During this review, many collections in the patens-phlogifolium-georgianum group were examined, and deeper complexity was discovered among ge rgianum-like plants than has been previously described. These observations are summarized b elow in the form of a provisional key, plus notes on individual taxa and selected maps. Figure 1. Distribution of Symphyotrichum patens and allies according to Kartesz (2014). Yellow (versus g reen) county shading indicates official rare status within the st ate. Note that records of S. phlogifolium from Illinois (USDA 2014a) and Mississippi (Cronquist 1980) remain unverifi ed, and that some intergradation with S. patens may occur across its range. Also, S. georgianum has been reported from Louisiana (R. Jones 1980,


Abstract In today's fast-changing international humanitarian landscape, non-traditional/new donors are prominent amongst the more diversified group of humanitarian donors operating in the same settings as Development Assistance Committee donors. Kuwait was the first 'new donor' in the Gulf region and was recently given the status of an 'International Humanitarian Centre' by the former UN Secretary-General for the role it played in responding to the humanitarian needs of Syria. Yet Kuwaiti humanitarianism remains under-analysed in academic research. This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Kuwait's humanitarian landscape by identifying its humanitarian actors, governing principles, preferred modalities of aid disbursement and by examining Kuwait's humanitarian strengths, weaknesses and potential.


We have previously demonstrated that TNF-Rp55-mediated signals could up-regulate the expression of an adhesion molecule, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in sinusoidal endothelial cells and eventually facilitate liver metastasis by intrasplenic injection of a colon carcinoma cell line into mice (1). Intravenous injection of a mouse renal carcinoma cell line, Renca, caused a large number of lung metastasis foci in wild-type mice, with TNF- α protein at tumor sites. Metastasis foci expanded at similar rates in both wild-type and TNF-Rp55-deficient mice until 21 days after the injection. On the contrary, later than 21 days, metastasis foci regressed spontaneously in TNF-Rp55-deficient mice, but not wild-type mice. Concomitantly, the number of apoptotic tumor cells were greater in TNF-Rp55-deficient mice, whereas neovascularization was less evident in TNF-Rp55-deficient mice than wild-type mice, with depressed expression of a potent angiogenic factor, hepatocyte growth factor gene in TNF-Rp55-deficient mice (2) (see below Figure). These observations implied that TNF-Rp55-mediated signals have distinct but important roles in metastasis to liver and lung.


ABSTRACT A case of thyroid acropachy is described. The pertinent literature is reviewed and this case discussed in terms of the other reports. Thyroid acropachy refers to a peculiar periosteal proliferation of bone limited to the metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges, associated with terminal phalangeal clubbing. The patient first showed these bony changes following radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease at a time when she was considered euthyroid. In association with the bony changes there was swelling of the soft tissues overlying the involved phalanges and also unusually marked swelling of the orbital soft tissues. The pathology of the bony and soft-tissue lesions is described; it is not compatible with a diagnosis of either systemic or localized myxedema. The anterior pituitary gland and its secretory products probably play an important etiologic role in this condition.


Introduction Abnormalities on acute magnetic resonance imaging predict outcome in minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients. We hypothesised that noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography findings in minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients would also predict functional outcome. Methods We analysed consecutive patients with a transient ischaemic attack or a minor stroke with an National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≤3 who were assessed with a noncontrast computed tomography and CT angiography of the circle of Willis and neck within 24 h of symptom onset. We assessed the association between clinical or imaging features and functional impairment on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS≥2) at 90 days. Results Among 457 patients, the median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 1. Median time from symptom onset to noncontrast computed tomography was 278 min (interquartile range 151–505) and median delay from noncontrast computed tomography to CT angiography was 3 min (interquartile range 0–13). At 90 days, 57 patients (12·5%) had a mRS ≥2. Clinical factors that were associated with functional impairment were age ≥60 years (RR 2·05 CI95 1·16–3·64) and baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score >0 (RR 3·23 1·72–6·06). All the assessed computed tomography parameters (acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography and intracranial or extracranial stenosis or occlusion) were individually predictive of functional impairment. A composite computed tomography imaging 'at risk' metric, defined by acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography, Circle of Willis intracranial vessel occlusion or ≥50% stenosis, extracranial occlusion or ≥50% stenosis, was associated with poorer outcome (RR 2·92 CI95 1·81–4·71). Conclusions The presence of an acute stroke on noncontrast computed tomography or an intracranial or extracranial occlusion or stenosis was associated with an increased risk of functional impairment. Multi-modal computed tomography could be used to identify high-risk transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke patients.


InSAR time series analysis of deformation fields, a goal of many modern radar systems, almost always starts with processed range-Doppler single look complex (SLC) radar images. These images are precisely coregistered and pairwise phase differences form the interferograms. Computing coregistered SLCs directly in a desired geometry saves significant data storage and readily produces data products that are easy to analyze in coordinate systems that are well matched to a desired application. Here we demonstrate InSAR data products created using a backprojection algorithm that skips the range- Doppler, coregistration, and elevation compensation steps. Implementing this in an on-demand system saves not only on the volume of products that must be computed, stored, and delivered, it further greatly simplifies analysis by the end user and opens up InSAR techniques to a wider group of applications.


Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) eggs exhibited different spatial structure on the scale of 0.75–2.5 km in two egg patches sampled in the Southern California Bight in April 2000. Plankton samples were collected at 4-min intervals with a Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) on 5 × 5 km grids centered on surface drifters. Variograms were calculated for sardine and anchovy eggs in Lagrangian coordinates, using abundances of individual developmental stages grouped into daily cohorts. Model variograms for sardine eggs have a low nugget effect, about 10% of the total variance, indicating high autocorrelation between adjacent samples. In contrast, model variograms for anchovy eggs have a high nugget effect of 50–100%, indicating that most of the variance at the scales sampled is spatially unstructured. The difference between observed spatial patterns of sardine and anchovy eggs on this scale may reflect the behavior of the spawning adults: larger, faster, more abundant fish may organize into larger schools with greater structure and mobility that create smoother egg distributions. Size and mobility vary with population size in clupeoids. The current high abundance of sardines and low abundance of anchovy off California agree with the greater autocorrelation of sardine egg samples and the observed tendency for locations of anchovy spawning to be more persistent on the temporal scale of days to weeks. Thus the spatial pattern of eggs and the persistence of spawning areas are suggested to depend on species, population size and age structure, spawning intensity and characteristic physical scales of the spawning habitat.


Introduction: nodular disease of the thyroid gland is a frequent cause of care in outpatient health services, so it is important to know the key features of presentation, any further examination and established monitoring. Objective: to characterize the nodular disease of the thyroid gland behavior in patients attended at General Surgery Service of Vladimir Ilich Lenin Hospital of Holguin. Methods: a descriptive study in patients with nodular thyroid gland, at General Surgery Service of Vladimir Ilich Lenin Hospital. The universe comprised 931 patients and 423 of them represented the sample. Results: papillary carcinoma was the most malignant one found. Nodules of more than 15 mm, unique, unilateral, of regular brink with liquid and multiple ganglia and calcification prevailed. The left lobule was the most affected one. The diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through echography. Nonmalignant histologic removed gland predominated Conclusions: the left hemithyroidectomy with isthmectomy was the most frequent resection without postoperative surgical accidents and satisfactory progress. The most obvious complication in thyroid surgery was transient dysphonia as keloids sequel of the surgical wound.


Tea is the traditional beverage of Chinese and have many varieties.It is classified mainly on the basis of different process,different varieties of the same process and different grade of same variety.The flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS)was used for determining the elements of Cu,Pb in the tea samples which were gotten from market at random.The results showed that the contents of elements of Cu,Pb and distribution in tea have close relation with variety,quality and class.


Results are presented from a series of laboratory experiments conducted on an open channel. Twenty five data sets (L1-L25) have been measured to obtain the magnitude of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient and eight data sets (T1-T8) have been performed to estimate transverse mixing coefficient in channel. The method involves derivation of a new expression for the longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients which used routing concentration of pollutant in the advection- dispersion equation solution in water quality mathematical model. Values of longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients are compared with measured data and previous similar studies. These comparisons have been showed that tracer technique by using second moment is the most accurate prediction of the longitudinal and transverse dispersions coefficients than the other techniques.


The encoding mode of switching capacitors and the switching threshold relate to the economy and the compensation effect of static var compensation (SVC) device in which the capacitors are switched by thyristors. From the viewpoint of opsearch the mathematical analysis on the optimum encoding mode of switching capacitors is carried out and it is verified that the binary encoding mode is the best. Based on the sequence and actual experience, a practical formula to calculate the optimal threshold of switching capacitors is obtained. According to the optimum encoding mode and optimal threshold of switching capacitors a thyristor-switched capacitor (TSC) type of static var compensation device is designed. Comparing the compensation effect of this device with that of common TSC type of compensation device, the comparison results show that this device can provide better compensation effect, thus the correctness of the author's theoretical analysis is verified.


Contents Nursing Homes to Home Care * Foreword: Health Care Reform, Long-Term Care, and the Future of an Aging Society * Part I: Population Aging and the Risk of Disability * Ways of Thinking About the Long-Term Care of the Baby Boom Cohorts * Changes in Health, Mortality, and Disability and the Impact on Long-Term Care Needs * Part II: Access vs. Need in Long-Term Care Today * Home and Community-Based Care: Recent Accomplishments and New Challenges * Informal Care vs. Formal Services: Changes in Patterns of Care Over Time * Race and Gender Differences in the Distribution of Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services in Florida * Part III: Planning our Future Long-Term Care Policy * Financing Reform for Long-Term Care: Strategies for Public and Private Long-Term Care Insurance * Designing Home Care Benefits: The Range of Options and Experience * Home Health Care: Moving Forward With Continuous Quality Improvement * Long-Term Care Policy and the American Family * Index * Reference Ntoes Included


This paper presents a simplified interval type-2 fuzzy CMAC controller which it can be seen as the combination of two type-1 fuzzy controller. The proposed controller modified CMAC architecture and simplified the interval type-2 fuzzy system to reduce computing complex and to have the optimal performance. Moreover, the problem of the synchronizing chaotic system is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the provided control scheme. Simulation results illustrate that the states of slave system can follow the state of the master system with the uncertainty and disturbance.


The full-life cycle cost control of power grid construction projects means that from point of whole social view the full-life cycle cost control of power grid construction project is taken as a controlled object to analyse mutual relations between various stage costs,and various key elements costs during the whole cycle through certain techniques and methods.Then corresponding measures will be executed to realize the optimum full-life cycle cost.


With the advent of stapes mobilization and tympanoplasty, we have all become interested in the problem of restoring the continuity of the sound-conducting mechanism. Due to these operations, we have seen or perhaps become more aware of this problem than in the past. Interruption of the mechanism by disease is seen frequently in our tympanoplasties, and we have heard this week about congenital malformations and stapedial fractures. Certainly, we have been exposed to a lot of physiology in this Workshop. We have heard of Helmholtz and von Bekesy, and this week Dr. Lawrence talked about the area factor, lever factor, hydraulic factor, and so forth. This all brings to us very clearly the importance of the sound transformer system. A little bit of history should be added. In 1948 Juers clinically began calling attention to the near-normal hearing achieved by applying the tympanic membrane to the stapes in myringostapediopexy operations.


Transmission spectroelectrochemistry experiments have been used to study the electrochemical reductions of nitrobenzene and p-nitrobenzaldehyde in sulfolane. The reduction intermediates of both these aromatic compounds are sufficiently long-lived in sulfolane to be amenable to study by these techniques. Nitrobenzene undergoes a single one-electron, chemically reversible reduction at E/sub p.c./ = -1.875 V vs. AgRE. This was verified by analysis of the visible absorption spectrum for the reduction species; two maxima were observed at 348 nm (epsilon 5.7 x 10/sup 3/ M/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/) and 465 nm (epsilon 4.1 x 10/sup 3/ M/sup -1/ cm/sup -1/). p-Nitrobenzaldehyde undergoes two one-electron reductions (E/sub p,1/ = -1.528 V, E/sub p,2/ = -2.114 V vs. AgRE), which are accompanied by following chemical reactions. A mechanism is shown involving formation of a parent-radical anion complex and an unusually low reproportionation reaction rate (k/sub f/ = 5.4 +- 0.7 x 10/sup 2/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ at 50/sup 0/C). Verification of the proposed mechanism is assisted by digital simulation techniques and a newly developed differential treatment of the spectroelectrochemical data.


A generic-filter array design have been proposed to capture multi-spectral images using hypothetical single-sensor multi-spectral cameras. The design idea is based on uniform sampling of intensity values from each band irrespective of spectral properties of any particular band. A reconstruction technique have also been proposed to linearly interpolate unknown intensity values of other bands at each pixel. Proposed technique was evaluated using two multispectral image datasets where one was of Landsat satellite and another was of cooled CCD camera Apogee Alta U260. Quantitative evaluation of the proposed technique was done using peak signal to noise ratio.


St. Louis —As trends go, what's old will become new again. And many speculate that fat augmentation, a century-old practice, is increasing once again to become a significant addition to the filler assemblage.


The search for new technologies that reduce costs to produce seeds is very important. This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of producing soybean seeds enriched with molybdenum. The BRS Valiosa RR cultivar was used and four molybdenum doses (0 g ha -1 , 200 g ha -1 , 400 g ha -1 and 800 g ha -1 ) were applied on leaves as it follows: half in the R 3 and half in the R 5-4 development stages. The total operating cost, gross revenue, operating profit, profitability index, break-even yield and break-even price were estimated. The results showed that the molybdenum foliar application is an economically viable way of producing molybdenum-enriched soybean seeds.


Educational technology is used to improve the teaching learning process. The present study aimed to develop teaching competencies of Student-teachers in Salem District. For this study module has been formulated to perform training programme. In this study, the pre-test and post-test had been conducted for both control and Experimental group. In this research random sampling technique was adopted and sample of 50 student teachers had been taken from Sri Saradha college of Education in Salem district. In that 25 student -teachers had considered as Control group and 25 student teachers were considered as Experimental group. The research performed to the control group, Intervention has been given through the conventional method and for the experimental group, Intervention explained through the training module. The research conducted through training phrase. The development in teaching competence measured by the Cognitive strategy tool had been used. Independent t-test had conducted to find the difference between the mean scores. In the interpretation had found that there is a significant means score difference between pre-test and posttest of experimental group among the student – teachers. In the results shown that the module had effective than the conventional methods. In the light of research findings, it has been proved the module well supported teaching tool is one of the appropriate and effective methodologies to develop teaching competence among student – teachers of B.Ed. The Cognitive Intervention training module will enhance the teaching competence of B.Ed trainees by that making a difference, which may produce in student's long-term memories and knowledge.


abstract The distribution of the external dose rate within the former Unirea salt mine, host of the Low-LevelBackground Laboratory was determined and compared with calculated values based on theexperimentally determined content of natural radioactive elements in the mine walls. The averageexternal dose rate was found to be 1.370.3nSvh , close to calculated one of 1.41 70.2nSvh .1 & 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionUnderground low-level background laboratories (LLBLs) repre-sent nowadays suitable places to perform a multitude of highsensitivity experiments, such as e.g. search for neutrinolessdouble beta decay (Avignone et al., 2005), search for protondecay (Dorsner and Pe´rez, 2005), neutrino interactionwith matter(Bellerive, 2004; Ikeda et al., 2007), the influence of the back-ground radiation on living matter (Antonelli et al., 2008)aswellasother technological applications, which need a more or less''radiation free environment''.As the secondary high energy muons generated by cosmicradiation are omnipresent in any surface laboratory, only a lowbackground laboratory built deep below surface can ensure anappropriate shielding. For this reason at present time there aremore laboratories built in former mines (Hult et al., 2006;Kudryavtsev, 2008; Margineanu et al., 2008) or in deep tunnels(Reyss et al.,1995; Arpesella,1996; Schwaiger et al., 2002) able toguarantee a suitable environment for low and ultra low-levelradioactivity.In accordance with this tendency, a LLBL was constructed andfullycommissioned in 2006. It is situated in the former Unirea saltmine (Slanic-Prahova, Romania), 208m below surface. There is a150m high hill above the mine, which results in an estimatedoverburden of about 560m of water equivalent for the laboratory.In spite of its impressive sizes (surface area of 70,000m


Star-forming molecular filaments are found to display a spectrum of line-masses (mass per unit length)1. This spectrum is thought to influence key observational parameters of star formation2 including the core and stellar initial mass function1. The exact mechanism producing the wide-range of line-masses is unknown, even though, higher surface densities are often observed at the intersection of filaments in hub-filament systems3. Here we show that cascades of lower density filaments coalescing to form higher density filaments and eventually hubs. By performing a multi-scale decomposition of surface density maps of the MonR2 star-forming region, which displays a spiral-shaped hub-filament system4, the coalescence effect is detected in two consecutive cascading steps (the surface density jumps by an order of magnitude at each step) before merging at the central hub which is found to be a dense network of short high-density filaments (as opposed to its view as a massive clump). The radial density structure of the dense-gas component of the hub-filament system shows a power-law dependence of NH2 ∝ r−2 over the scale of ∼5 pc, a feature previously found only at scales of 0.1 pc in star-forming cores5. It appears that the hub-filament system is mimicking the radial profile of an isothermal sphere, at parsec scales, a feature not known until now. This behavior is not seen for the diffuse cloud (NH2 ∝ r−0.5) which holds nearly equal mass. The filamentary nature of the hub implies that only some (embedded in the filaments), and not all, stellar seeds within the hub can become massive stars.


A successful distributed open hypermedia system can be characterised by a scaleable architecture which is inherently distributed. While the architects of distributed hypermedia systems have addressed the issues of providing and retrieving distributed resources, they have often neglected to design systems with the inherent capability to exploit the distributed processing of this information. The research presented in this paper describes the construction and use of an open hypermedia system concerned equally with both of these facets.


Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infancy (haemorrhagic disease of infancy) is an uncommon entity. It may mimic relatively commoner diseases like immune thrombocytopenic purpura leukaemia and haemophilia; therefore the entity is likely to be missed or overlooked. In this communication 10 infants of late hemorrhagic disease of infancy detected during a 14 months period (June 1994-- August 1995) are reported. Ten infants aged 2 1/2-11 months (mean age 6 months) were diagnosed to be suffering from vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Infants with a bleeding disorder satisfying the following criteria were included: 1. Prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) which normalised within 24 h of intravenous administration of 5 mg of vit K. 2. Normal platelet count. 3. Absence of septicaemia or liver disease. (excerpt)


To adapt to the characters of the job-oriented education and short schooling periods of higher vocational education,the reform of ideological and political courses should take the developing Marxism as its guideline,stick to humanism,regard efficiency as its core and reconstruct the system of courses.In the teaching,we should put the students in the center,explore the way of combining knowledge and behaviors,stressing the test on students' practical skills,promote the quality of the students and find a pattern of ideological and political courses to mix the knowledge teaching,ability cultivation and enhancing quality.


For the purpose of standardizing the method of fat and oil stability test by both some oil mills and oil users, the stability test on autoxidation was taken up as the 1st step, and collaborative tests were implemented by AOM test, oven test, organoleptic evaluation method and weighing method. 1. Results of AOM test In inverse proportion to the length of storage period of soybean oil the induction period became shorter. Comparing capped oil with uncapped oil, there was no deviation in AOM stability between 15 days stored oil and 30 days stored oil. In the case of 108 days stored soybean oil, uncapped stored oil clearly showed much shorter induction period, compared with capped stored oil. Deviations among the collaborators were small. 2. Results of oven test


The study of English-Chinese pragmatic divergence plays an important part in cross-cultural pragmatics and the inspiration from the study can be a great help to our English teaching practice.This paper presents an analysis of major types of English-Chinese pragmatic divergence and pragmatic failure,and points out that,in order to improve students' communicative competence efficiently,we should put much effort on cultivation of students' cross-cultural awareness and pragmatic competence,so as to avoid possible mistakes.


This paper provides an overview of smartcards. It explains the Open Infrastructure for Chipcard application (OIC) model. It looks at the applications of smartcards in public transit, and describes developments such as the electronic purse and multifunctional smartcards.


In the Summary of the books sent by Bishop Juan Manuel Candido de Torrijos to his Diocese of Merida-Venezuela, is recorded a copy of Galileo Galilei's Il Saggiatore, printed in Rome in 1623. The book, in which was annexed another book from the same author Istoria e dimostrazioni in torno alle macchie Solari e loro accidenti, also printed in Rome in 1613, remain in the Room of Rare and ancient Books of the Tulio Febres Cordero Library of the University of the Andes. The characteristics of the works and a brief analysis of the controversies said by the author with two prominent members of the Society of Jesus, are listed in this article.
Keywords: Universidad de Los Andes - Biblioteca - Obispo Torrijos - Galileo Galilei - Il Saggiatore.


The dynamic inter-relationship of land use/cover change(LUCC) and its environment has been one of the major issues since the LUCC study started in the 1980s.To integrate both processes of land user's decision making and environmental change to investigate land use system dynamics is one of the feasible approaches to couple physical system and social syetem into a more complicated land use system.Based on the complexity analysis of land use system,this paper summarizes the major research problems in LUCC modeling,including(1) how to analyze the influence of physical characteristics on decision making process,(2) how to quantify the interaction between different user,and(3) how to build regional land use dynamic models.Models are recongnized as one of the powerful methods to study the structure and function of land use system.Till now,few models can truly intergrate the physical subsystem and socio-economic subsystem into more comprehensive models to simulate more realistically the land use change processes.While the agent based modeling(ABM),which considers the spatial dimension and the decision making process of land use change,is more suitable for simulating land use change process on spatial,interactive and multi-scale dimensions.Based on the review of the researches on agent based modeling of land use change,this paper proposes some suggestions for such works in China.


Objectives To review the clinical experience in the United Kingdom with icodextrin (Ic). Design A retrospective multicenter study. Patients (1) the MICAS 1 patients who received Ic and elected to continue using it (called MICAS 2 patients), and (2) patients started on Ic on a named-patient basis (called compassionate use patients). Nearly all this latter group had ultrafiltration (UF) failure and were approaching hemodialysis (HC). Interventions The institution of one Ic bag, as the overnight exchange, usually in addition to three glucose bags. Results (1) MICAS 2: Of the 67 patients who received Ic and completed MICAS 1, 48 (72%) patients from eight units in the United Kingdom wished to continue Ic. Forty two percent of MICAS 2 patients were well on Ic after approximately 30 months of study (including the 6 months on MICAS 1). The main reasons for withdrawal were transplantation (21 %), death (17%), or transfer to HC for reasons other than UF failure (10%). There were no significant changes in laboratory data, including hematology, simple biochemistry, bone biochemistry, liver function tests, serum osmolality, and maltose levels. The adverse events reported were incidental to Ic. (2) Compassionate use: 30/63 (48%) patients remain well on Ic after 10 months of study. Eight patients (12%) went on to experience UF failure (again) after 13 months on Ic, requiring transfer to HC. The other main outcomes were death (11 %), transplantation (11 %), or transfer to HC for reasons unrelated to Ic (16%), usually intractable peritonitis. The serum sodium concentration decreased from 136.6±3.8 to 134.4±4.2 mmol/L (p < 0.05). There were no other significant changes in hematology or biochemistry measurements. Conclusion In MICAS 2 Ic probably maintained its effects, since there were no withdrawals due to UF failure. The compassionate use program has shown that a single Ic exchange is useful in UF failure, being able to prevent or delay transfer to hemodialysis. In both studies the safety and efficacy of Ic has been demonstrated in a large group of patients. A total of 192 patient-years of experience (including MICAS 1) has been accumulated to date. Properly controlled studies are needed to determine whether Ic, in its present form, should remain a "special needs" product (for UF failure) or whether it could replace glucose as the treatment of choice for CAPC patients.


Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic, tropical diseases caused by flagellate protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. These parasites affect several mammalian species, including man, to which they are transmitted by the bite of an insect vector, the sandfly. They are widespread in many countries, including the countries of the Mediterranean region. In Morocco, it is a persistent public health problem despite the development and implementation of a control program. Our work is a retroprospective study of leishmaniasis cases observed in the Essaouira province over a period of 5 years (from 01/10/2016 to 31/12/2020). The objective of this study is to develop the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of this disease with an analytical comparison with other works and researches. 598 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were collected and no cases of visceral leishmaniasis. The age group most affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis is the one between 0-5 years old with 147 cases (25.00%) with an average age of 22.70 years. Similarly, a predominance of the female sex was observed with 58.19% of females versus 41.80% of males. The majority of cases were recorded in rural areas. The commune most affected is El-hanchan with a total of 149 cases, or 24.92% of the total cases observed. The epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis in Morocco seems to be gradually reached that of Mediterranean countries characterized by an increase in the number of cases and the emergence of new homes so far free of the parasite. Hence, the need for actions to combat well codified and adapted to different types of leishmaniasis. The measures undertaken in the framework of control program established in Morocco, have been evaluated on a permanent basis in order to develop and adapt them to the evolution of leishmaniasis in the province.


1. Human activities have promoted the spread of species worldwide. Several crayfish species have been introduced into new areas, posing a threat to native crayfish and other biota. Invader success may depend on the ability to utilise a wide variety of habitats and resources. Successful invaders are generally expected to have broader niches and to be more plastic than non-invasive species. 2. Using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen we compared the niche widths of native noble crayfish and introduced signal crayfish, a successful invader of Swedish streams. The calculation of niche width took account of between-site differences in basal resource isotope signature ranges. We also assessed whether population density, prey biomass or prey diversity affected niche width. 3. At the species level, signal crayfish had twice the niche width of noble crayfish. However, individual populations of noble crayfish and signal crayfish in Swedish streams had similar niche widths. This suggests that signal crayfish has greater plasticity with respect to habitat utilisation and feeding than noble crayfish. Niche width in both species correlated positively with benthic invertebrate biomass and diversity, indicating that animal food sources are important for crayfish. 4. We find that assessing niche width in relation to invader success can be a useful tool trying to predict the impact of invasions on different scales. The findings in this study suggest that invaders and natives will have a similar impact on the stream scale whereas the invader will have a larger impact on the regional scale due to the ability to utilise a wider range of streams. (Less)


A major contribution of this work is to characterize the 'spectral moment' of early modernity. Two developments in the sixteenth century characterize this moment in particular: the presence of ghosts as an autonomous rhetorical commonplace freed from the confines of theology or votive literature, and the striking epistemological promotion of ghosts as objects of a knowledge legitimised by natural philosophy. By highlighting the 'spectral moment' of early modernity, Spectralities in the Renaissance foregrounds the agency of ghosts particularly in property disputes over haunted houses as they were tried before civil courts in Paris, Tours and Bordeaux. Ghosts in these cases did not simply appear as products of their dire and distressing times but rather they had an active role in the resolution of conflicts. Conflicts over haunted houses occurred within both communities (Protestant and Catholic) and families at a time of civil war. And they involved both lay and religious powers, who strove sometimes to confirm their jurisdiction over these affairs and sometimes to thwart the actions of spectral agents. The chronology of this book's enquiry stops on the brink of trials for superstition conducted against ghosts, by the middle of the seventeenth century. At that precise moment ghosts lost their agency in justice and their very existential substance. A concluding chapter considers the consequences of this pragmatic history of ghosts for the Enlightenment and beyond.


Abstract On well pollinated kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa cv. Hayward) a reduction in fruit numbers by flower thinning increased mean fruit weight. Thinning reduced total yield and yield of fruit in the preferred export sizes (i.e., fruit weight >90 g). Reducing fruit numbers to less than 330 per metre of T-bar row increased yield of fruit in the two large size grades only (> 132 g). Flower production was less on vines that had a high crop load the previous season. This reduction was primarily because of fewer flowers per flowering shoot. Percentage bud break and the proportion of non-flowering shoots were not affected. Up to threefold differences in fruit numbers per vine were produced by the thinning treatments but this did not significantly affect vegetative growth or the soluble solids content of fruit near harvest.


We present a method to numerically calculate the action variables of a completely integrable Hamiltonian system with N degrees of freedom. It is a con-structiication of the Liouville-Arnol'd theorem for the existence of tori in phase space. By introducing a metric on phase space the problem of nding N independent irreducible paths on a given torus is turned into the problem of nding the lattice of zeroes of an N-periodic function. This function is constructed using the ows of all constants of motion. For N = 2 we use a Poincar e surface of section to scan all tori with a continuation method. As an example the energy surface in the space of action variables of a Hamiltonian showing resonances is calculated.


Studies on the biology of Formicococcus polysperes Williams infesting roots of black pepper ( Piper nigrum Linnaeus) revealed females reproduced ovoviviparously and the reproductive period including pre larviposition, larviposition and postlarviposition periods lasted for an average of 23.65 ± 2.01, 9.6 ± 3.34 and 4.15± 0.93 days respectively. Gravid females gave birth to 136.15 ± 74.93 crawlers. Development period of females included three nymphal instars whereas males had two nymphal instars, a pre pupal and pupal stages. Duration of first two nymphal instars, third female nymphal instar, pre-pupal and pupal stages 8.4 ± 2.46, 6.35 ± 1.95, 8.4 ± 1.87, 1.4 ± 0.50 and 7.15 ± 0.88 days respectively. Adult males were short lived (1.8 ± 0.52 days) and adult females lived for 37.4 ± 3.10 days. Total life cycle of males was shorter (23.7 ± 3.01days) than that of females (60.55 ± 5.36 days). The sex ratio was 1.00:2.71 (male: female). The morphometric data of all stages are presented.


A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT), based on their inhibition of the chemiluminescence reaction of luminol–KMnO4–β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). It was found that β-cyclodextrin could effectively enhance the chemiluminescence produced from the reaction of luminol with KMnO4 in basic media. The proposed method is simple, rapid, convenient and sensitive, has a linear range of 1–20 ng/mL for catechol with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/mL, and 1–10 ng/mL for hydroquinone with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. The possible mechanism of the CL reaction is also discussed.


Several protocols have been proposed to synchronize the logical processes (LP's) of a parallel discrete event simulation (PDES). While most protocols have been known to perform well under certain conditions, the general observation has been that the performance of protocols is sensitive to the application being simulated, sometimes even to a particular instance of it. In this technical note, we address the issue of determining a lower bound on the completion time of a particular simulation run using critical path analysis. Two studies have been conducted previously on this subject. While these studies have provided some useful insights into the performance of protocols, certain issues have remained unexplored. We examine these issues and present four enhancements to the earlier results one of which is to indicate a flaw in one of the previous studies. The two main contributions of this work are to present: (i) a trivial lower bound for all PDES's which contradicts a result from one of the previous studies and, (ii) a reasonable lower bound on the completion time for all PDES's.


With the progress of deep learning methods the last couple of years, object detection related tasks are improving rapidly. Using object detection for detecting guns in schools remove the need for h ...


Seasonal variation of combined Noise-Air quality, chances of correlated exposure and quality of combined exposure to Noise-Air pollution at the curbside open-air microenvironments of Kolkata city, India was examined in this study. Accordingly air quality in terms of concentration of PM2.5 and NO2, equivalent traffic noise level, and traffic volume were estimated in summer and winter at the microenvironment of 38 locations of the city in two peak and one non-peak traffic hours. Corresponding meteorological data on air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed was recorded form a roof-top automated weather monitoring station. Data of the two peak and one non-peak traffic hours of the same monitoring season and station were averaged accordingly to wipe out the peak non-peak hour variations in the observation. Combined noise-air quality of the microenvironments of the city was very poor (City Noise-Air Index: 0.19±0.13) in winter and poor (0.20±0.18) in summer. Moderate positive Pearson's correlation of 0.42 between concentration of NO2 and traffic noise level in summer indicated chances of correlated exposure to this environmental stressors in the season. Quality of combined exposure to Noise-Air pollution was poor (Combined Exposure Factor: 0.08±0.14) in winter and good (0.35±0.37) in summer. Improved combined Noise-Air quality and quality of combined exposure to Noise-Air pollution at the curbside microenvironment in summer was attributed to higher wind speed; otherwise, no significant seasonal variations were observed in traffic volume and traffic noise level.


This book was originally published in Australia and was intended for young people to work through alone.
I liked its humorous, punchy style and with the authors' permission have amended it to suit delivery in schools, youth groups, social service provision– in fact anywhere that adults and young people interact in formal or informal
situations.
I have tried to ensure its flexible approach has not been lost. It will provide resources that engage young people and generate healthy and sometimes heated debate.


Health was enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 as a fundamental right of the citizen, to make it happen, the State created the Unified Health System (SUS), however, there are some deficiencies in this system that prevent the right to dignified health from being provided universal, integral and fair way. In view of the above, the present work will seek to identify how the Alagoas judiciary deals with this social problem, considering that, when the population does not have its claims met by SUS, they seek to realize them through the judicial route. Thus, the research will be approached following the following methodology: as for data collection, it will be adopted for bibliographic and documentary review, and as for the research approach, it will be qualitative.