PURPOSE
A Monte Carlo (MC) modelling of single axial and helical CT scan mode has been developed to compute single and accumulated dose distributions. The radiation emission characteristics of a MDCT scanner has been modelled and used to evaluate the dose deposition in infinitely-long head and body PMMA phantoms. The simulated accumulated dose distributions determined the approach to equilibrium function, H(L). From these H(L) curves, dose-related information was calculated for different head and body clinical protocols.

METHODS
The PENELOPE/penEasy package has been used to model the single axial and helical procedures and the radiation transport of photons and electrons in the phantoms. The bowtie filters, heel effect, focal-spot angle, and fan-beam geometry were incorporated. Head and body protocols with different pitch values were modelled for x-ray spectra corresponding to 80, 100, 120, and 140 kV. The analytical formulation for the single dose distributions and experimental measurements of single and accumulated dose distributions were employed to validate the MC results. The experimental dose distributions were measured with OSLDs and a thimble ion chamber inserted into PMMA phantoms. Also, the experimental values of the CTDI100 along the center and peripheral axes of the CTDI phantom served to calibrate the simulated single and accumulated dose distributions.

RESULTS
The match of the simulated dose distributions with the reference data supports the correct modelling of the heel effect and the radiation transport in the phantom material reflected in the tails of the dose distributions. The validation of the x-ray source model was done comparing the CTDI ratios between simulated, measured and CTDosimetry data. The average difference of these ratios for head and body protocols between the simulated and measured data was in the range of 13-17% and between simulated and CTDosimetry data varied 10-13%. The distributions of simulated doses and those measured with the thimble ion chamber are compatible within 3%. In this study, it was demonstrated that the efficiencies of the CTDI100 measurements in head phantoms with nT = 20 mm and 120 kV are 80.6% and 87.8% at central and peripheral axes, respectively. In the body phantoms with nT;= 40 mm and 120 kV, the efficiencies are 56.5% and 86.2% at central and peripheral axes, respectively. In general terms, the clinical parameters such as pitch, beam intensity, and voltage affect the Deq values with the increase of the pitch decreasing the Deq and the beam intensity and the voltage increasing its value. The H(L) function does not change with the pitch values, but depends on the phantom axis (central or peripheral).

CONCLUSIONS
The computation of the pitch-equilibrium dose product, Deq , evidenced the limitations of the CTDI100 method to determine the dose delivered by a CT scanner. Therefore, quantities derived from the CTDI100 propagate this limitation. The developed MC model shows excellent compatibility with both measurements and literature quantities defined by AAPM Reports 111 and 200. These results demonstrate the robustness and versatility of the proposed modelling method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


At present,Chinese lifelong education is still in its infancy,there are still certain problems,lack of specific operational implementation strategy.Starting with the implementation strategy of the lifelong education system,the paper profoundly analyzes the influencing factors of lifelong education development,which provides some guidance and reference for the healthy development of lifelong education in China.


This paper presents a comparative study of two artificial intelligence based heterogeneous catalysis modeling strategies, namely ANN-CPSO and SVR-CPSO, for modeling Dimethyl ether (DME) in direct synthesis from syngas process (called STD process), for reducing both high temporal costs and financial costs, and accelerating the process of industrialization synthesis of DME. In the two hybrid approaches, catalyst compositional models and catalytic reaction mechanism models are simultaneously constructed for correlating process data comprising values of input variables of catalyst compositional, operating conditions and output variables of performance of catalyst (catalyst selectivity and conversion). Next, in order to improve predictive accuracy and generalization ability of models, the structure and connection weights for ANN and three hyper-parameters for SVR are automatically optimized using chaos particle swarm optimization(CPSO). The CPSO possesses certain unique advantages over the commonly used GA and PSO optimization algorithms, which has high search efficiency, high precision and not the 1ocal optimum. The major advantage of the two hybrid strategies are that modeling can be conducted exclusively from the historic data wherein the detailed knowledge of process phenomenology (reaction mechanism, rate constants, etc.) is not required and difficult to get. Another advantage is that they have avoided the blindness and contingency of the traditional catalyst "trial and error" method. Finally, ANNCPSO model and SVR-CPSO model were verified experimentally to be feasible, the forecasting values based on SVR-CPSO model were more close to the measured ones. The SVR-CPSO is a new soft computing methodology for heterogeneous catalysis modeling, which is more suitable for the non-linearity uncertainty, higher-dimension, chaos and small quantity of training data. The obtained results indicate that the SVR-CPSO model can be used as a promising alternative method for chemical process modeling.


Measured altitude profiles of atomic oxygen, 557.7-nm emissions, and Herzberg I emission between 80 and 120 km were used to test the proposed mechanisms leading to these emissions. As generally assumed, the O2 (A³Σu+) that emits the Herzberg I bands is excited by three-body recombination of atomic oxygen. The quenching of this state is by N2 or O2; for N2 the lifetime times the rate is 2.75 × 10−13cm³; other quenchers are insignificant. We find the atomic oxygen O(¹S) emitting the green line is excited by the Barth mechanism.


(2nd ed.)— an excellent advanced musical acoustics text. Note that Prof. Rossing is at CCRMA this year teaching introductory musical acoustics (Music 150). (An intermediate to advanced musical acoustics book summarizing a lifetime of work in the field by a physicist and his students.)


In the last two decades, understanding of both igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis has been progressed. Many new research concerning Asia (sensu lato) has begun to share new knowledge and perspectives in a wide geologic context. This thematic issue of Island Arc entitled 'Petrogenesis and chemogenesis of oceanic and continental orogens in Asia: Recent progress', is dedicated to examples from mainly northeast to southwest Asia, including the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt (Japan), the Dabie–Su-Lu orogenic belt (China), Oman ophiolite, and Rio Grande rift zone. The contributions shed light on controversial issues related to the role of fluid activity, modulation of the pressure–temperature–time paths in highand ultrahigh-pressure rocks, the prograde and retrograde/decompression paths preserved in zoned minerals, the formation and recrystallization of minerals during crustal and mantle evolutionary processes, and the impact of regional and local deformation preserved within single grain of minerals and in mineral aggregates. These topics enhance our understanding on the geodynamic evolution of continental and oceanic orogenic belts. The thematic issue was planed after the international symposium 'Collision, subduction and metamorphic processes' which was held at Makuhari Messe, Chiba, Japan, in May of 2013. The international session focused on magmatic, metasomatic and metamorphic processes related to the subduction of oceanic slabs and the collision of continents. Contributions were dominantly multi-disciplinary and involved structural geology, geophysics, petrology, geochemistry, and experimental petrology/mineral physics, related to major orogenic belts in Asia, in particular, and those world-wide in general. Specific topics included the linkage between hydration and dehydration within subduction channels, the recycling of continental and oceanic crust through the mantle, deformation mechanisms within subduction/collision regimes, formation and exhumation of highand ultrahighpressure metamorphic rocks, and the correlation between field data and laboratory experiments in geosciences. In total 15 studies were presented and were called for publication in this special issue. In response to the call, five articles among the presented papers have been selected for publication in Part I (this volume) of the special issue. Remaining manuscripts of the special issue will be published in the forthcoming volume as Part II. The special issue contains original research papers from different geological locations in Asia and related regions. We believe this volume provides an opportunity for the earth scientists to witness the recent progress on oceanic and continental orogenic settings and their geodynamic interpretations.


The invention relates to a high-pressure cable design and type selection data processing method based on life circle cost management. The method comprises the steps of: 1) selecting the cross section data of two cables by a computer; 2) calculating life circle cost management parameters by a computer block so as to determine the structure data of various costs; 3) judging the reasonability of the calculated result by a processor, if so, conducting sensitivity analysis, otherwise, returning to step 2); and 4) judging whether the sequencing signals for preferred schemes determined by a user by the processor, if so, printing a report so as to complete the high-pressure cable design and type selection data processing, otherwise, returning to step 3). Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the balance of various costs can be met, the energy resources can be saved, the environment is improved, the using efficiency of funds can be improved, the reliability of a power grid is improved and the like.


Teen-agers and young adults are beginning to use the dangerous belladonna alkaloids to make chemical "trips," as illustrated here by three cases. The diagnosis should be strongly considered in the younger patient with delirium. In view of their great toxic potential all belladonna alkaloids should be controlled by prescription.


Inspired by techniques designed for 3D integration, a die-to-wafer (D2W) transfer method can enable MX2-channel devices in a semiconductor fab for either high-performance CFET or hybrid-integrated CMOS. A Collective D2W(CoD2W) technique was successfully developed to transfer epitaxial single-layer MX2 from sapphire to 300mm device wafers which facilitates uniform and residue-free "dies". We report a FEOL semiconductor compatible integration flow used to build back-gated transistors with high device yield and mobility values up to 50 cm2/Vs on SiO2 back gate dielectrics.


Modular fixture is a standardized, serialization, a high degree of common technological equipment; fixture is an important direction of technology development. Based on modular fixture design repeat problem, Established modular fixture standard parts by using Pro/ENGINEER software parametric technology, through the Pro/ENGINEER secondary development module of Pro/TOOLKIT and vs2010 programming language, achieved modular fixture element to browse, query, design, etc. Provided the aided design software of modular fixture for technican, improved design efficiency.


It is known that electric fields could modify cell function and tissue physiology. Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR), consisting in low intensity-high frequency oscillating electrical fields, gained attention for the clinical use from surgery to regenerative medicine. In this study, the effect of this technology on human endometrial function was evaluated both in terms of cytotoxicity and in terms of gene expression. The effect was first evaluated the cytotoxicity (LDH release) and gene expression of genes involved in embryo implantation on Ishikawa cells. Then the effect was evaluated in ex-vivo sample.


The advertisement has been a strong resource of publicity which reached its highest peak in this modern perspective. The advertisement loving people keep on inducing to purchase the mental attitude of new dimensional customers. These advertisements have deep rooted with our activities up to an extent that it is impossible for the consumers to purchase any item without advertisement. The reason of this is that the advertisement are directly linked with the inducing the mental sentiments of the consumers.


With the rising ubiquity of digital technology, OOH (hereinafter abbreviated Out-of-Home) media industry has gained more popularity in recent years. There are twomain business formats in this industry: the Digital Out of Home format and Physical Out Of Home format. The market of media industry in Indonesia is dominated by two or three companies that control more than 30% of each business format. The industry is also characterized by the decline in sales prices due to competition, which pushes the level of profitability downwards. Such conditions demand the leverage of creative content and the corresponding business strategy to turn around the overall profitability of the industry. Therefore, this study aims at examiningthe influence of creative content and business strategy on business performance in OOH Media Industry. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling. The sample consisted of OOH media companies located in Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya. The results showed that both creative content and business strategy significantly influenced business performance. The study also proved that business strategy in the form of competitive and cooperative strategies played a greater role than creative content in the form of User Experience Value Proposition, Digital Evolution Scanning Skills dan Improvisation


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship of dietary fiber and early enteral nutrition with digestive complications after surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

METHODS
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted for evaluating the safety of dietary fiber in early Nutrition enteral nutrition after surgical treatment of gastric cancer. Fifty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups as the dietary fiber group (27 cases) and control group (29 cases) without dietary fiber. The enteral nutrition related digestive complications were analyzed between the two groups.

RESULTS
There were no statistical differences in clinical data. The incidences of abdominal distension and diarrhea were similar between the two groups. One patient had nausea and vomiting in dietary fiber group because of stomal edema, and incompleted intestinal obstruction.

CONCLUSION
Dietary fiber does not increase the early enteral nutrition related digestive complications after surgical treatment of gastric cancer.


We study the long–term behaviour of the parabolic evolution equation u′(t) = A(t)u(t) + f(t), t > s, u(s) = x. If A(t) converges to a sectorial operator A with σ(A) ∩ iR = ∅ as t → ∞, then the evolution family solving the homogeneous problem has exponential dichotomy. If also f(t)→ f∞, then the solution u converges to the 'stationary solution at infinity', i.e. lim t→∞ u(t) = −Af∞ =: u∞, lim t→∞ u′(t) = 0, lim t→∞ A(t)u(t) = Au∞.


Objective To explore the methods of diagnosis and treatment of traumatic bladder rupture.Methods Between January 1995 and December 2007,the diagnosis,therapy and effect was retro- spectively analyzed on 15 patients with traumatic bladder rupture.14 cases were confirmed by the text of bladder irrigation,1was found in urethra reunion operation because of urethra disruption. All 15 patients underwent repair of bladder.Of which 11 cases underwent cystostomy and other 4 cases indwelling catheter. Results All patients were have healed,and urination recovered after surgery.Conclusion The test of bladder irrigation combined with abdominal paracentesis is a simple and reliable way to diagnose the traumatic bladder rupture.


Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling consequences for cardiac function were investigated in diabetes (hyperglycemia) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. The measurements were performed after 15 days of STZ induction (50 mg/kg iv) and/or 48hs of MI. The following parameters were evaluated: levels of FFA, TG (in plasma and the left ventricle–LV) and glycogen in the LV, the cardiac remodeling, the autonomic nervous system activity, and the oxidative stress in the LV. The Wistar rats (n=8 per group) were divided into 4 groups: control (C); control infarcted (CI); diabetic (D); diabetic infarcted (DI). After 15 days of STZ, the MI was induced by left coronary artery occlusion (□ 25% MI area between the CI and DI groups). The CI group had increased: end‐posterior wall thickness (LVPW), interventricular septum thickness the relative wall thickness and reduced LV cavity, as consequence of cardiac remodeling and increased LV mass. The D group had reduced LVPW (0.11 ± 0.001 cm) as compared with the C (0.13 ± 0.003 cm). DI group had increased LVPW (0.14 ± 0.005 cm). The systolic function was not different between groups. However, the D and CI group exhibited increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT ms): D: 34 ± 1; CI: 30 ± 2.4 vs C: 23 ± 0.7 and The E‐wave desaceleration (ms) was increased in D: 50 ± 0.9 vs C: 40 ± 0.6, having diastolic dysfunction in diabetic rats but there was no impairment in MI (DI: 35 ± 2.3). The variance of heart rate (HRV m2) was reduced by diabetes (D: 18 ± 2.5; DI: 25 ± 3) vs the C group (81 ± 3), as well as the low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands (sympathetic and vagal components). The MI increased in non‐diabetic rats the HRV (CI: 99 ± 14) and the LF (m2) (CI: 1.8 ± 0.5 vs D: 0.6 ± 0.1; DI: 1 ± 0.2). The variance of blood pressure (mmHg) was reduced by diabetes (D: 8.6 ± 0.7; DI: 5.3 ± 0.6) as compared to C (24 ± 3) and CI (18 ± 3) and the LF were increased only in the CI group (2.7 ± 0.17) vs DI group (1 ± 0.2). The MI increased in non‐diabetic rats the lipid peroxidation (1156 ± 125) vs C: 645 ± 111; D: 945 ± 117; DI: 894 ± 112) and both the MI groups increased the anion superoxide, however, only DI had increased antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) improving the redox balance after MI. DI group had reduced TG (1.4 ± 0.19) and glycogen (43 ± 7) content in the LV that was increased before the MI (D: 5.4 ± 0.9 vs C: 1.1 ± 0.2; D: 316 ± 79 vs C: 20 ± 5, respectively mg/g of LV). Therefore, the hyperglycemia previous to ischemia promoted a more efficient metabolic response on remodeling and cardiac function with improved oxidative balance.


This book describes a methodological, model-driven approach to context-awareness and adaptivity in the field of Web Engineering and is based on the dissertation "Model-Driven Design of Context-Aware Web Applications" by the author. The described modeling approach is one of the first attempts to enlarge the applicability of adaptive application features in the Web from so-called "adaptive hypermedia systems" to "context-aware Web applications". While the former typically are based on a user model that is dynamically updated based on the observation of the user?s navigation actions, the latter are based on a more complex context model and active, context-triggered application features. The research described in this book is applied in the context of WebML (the Web Modeling Language), yet its contribution is general in nature and can be ported to other modeling languages as well.


Often we have coarsely grained knowledge: for example, we know about how many people are present. In possessing such knowledge, we also have finer grained knowledge of what is not: there certainly is nothing like that number of people here. The combination of such knowledge types, through sorites, generates contradiction and bafflement. This paper seeks to resolve the bafflement: it rejects a Timothy Williamson proposal, introduces muddle numbers and inference gaps, and shows how the different grains of knowledge do not always meet. In so doing, the paper identifies a distinctive first-person inferring.


Manic-depression (contemporary bipolar disorder) has been known since the era of Hippocrates and Areteus. However, in light of data accumulated over the last 20 years, our understanding of this disorder has changed significantly. Kraepelin's contribution, which emphasized generally favorable outcome for this illness, needs to be revised in part due to chronic and complex clinical pictures beyond classic forms so prevalent in contemporary clinical practice. The articles in this month's CNS Spectrums are intended to help physicians to incorporate recent research data into their everyday clinical practice and translate them into benefits for the real-world patients. Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, MD, PhD, reviews the emerging clinical face of bipolar illness. While the prototypic clinical picture in much of the evidence-based research concerns the "classic" bipolar disorder, today mixed episodes plus bipolar disorder with comorbidity and resulting in incomplete recovery and significant psychosocial impairment are more frequent than what is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th Revision. The clinical picture of such complex 'mixed' episodes is highly variable, tends to elude contemporary classification systems and possibly includes a constellation of mental syndromes currently classified elsewhere. An even more important challenge are "major depression episodes" that masquerade as unipolar. This article also stresses the need for an especially delicate and sophisticated treatment approach to this group of patients. Jean-Michel Azorin, MD, and colleagues deal with the development of rapid cycling in individuals bipolar I disorder on the basis of a large French multicenter cohort of >1,000 patients and explore the clinical caveats and consequences the physician should have in mind, with a special focus on suicide. Among other risk factors, these authors trace the possible sensitization process triggered by antidepressant use or thyroid dysfunction in individuals with a depression-mania-free interval course as well as cyclothymic temperament in the progression to a rapid cycling illness course. Jean-Michel Dorey, MD, MS, and his team of geriatric psychiatrists and neurologists explore the emergence of bipolarity in the frame of an underlying dementia process. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are common, contributing to caregiver burden and premature institutionalization, but only recently a relationship to the bipolar spectrum has been proposed. The authors argue that some behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia could be the consequence of both dementia and an undiagnosed comorbid bipolar spectrum disorder or a preexisting bipolar diathesis or bipolar temperament pathoplastically altering the clinical expression of dementia. On the basis of this article, clinicians are encouraged to reconceptualize the origin of the behavioral manifestations of dementia, with important implications for geriatric practice, including the avoidance of antidepressants when excitatory symptoms and extreme mood lability dominate this clinical picture. Heinz C.R. Grunze, MD, tackles the controversial issue of antidepressant use for the treatment of bipolar depression. It is widely known that early reports, mainly concerning tricyclic antidepressants, have repeatedly pointed toward unfavorable effects on the course of the disorder, namely switching into (hypo)mania, induction of rapid cycling, and increased risk of suicide. However, more recent evidence suggests that the risks might have been overinterpreted while at the same time raising serious doubt about the efficacy of antidepressants as a primary-treatment choice in bipolar I depression. These considerations call for a more nuanced clinical approach to the risk-benefit issues in these patients. One of the features emphasized in several of these articles is the importance of temperament in pathoplastically altering the clinical picture in bipolar disorder, an understanding that builds on Kraepelin's contributions, suggesting that the master was aware of the need to go beyond a purely descriptive approach in clinical psychiatry. CNS


A kind of chutty box was studied as an example.The mold's structure of the product was studied and some improvings were done such as fit,numbers of the mould cavity and mounted styles of the cores etc.according to its functional performance to make it easy and economical to manufacture the mold.Proved by experiment,the mold performance was reliable.


Abstract Orographically-induced lee-wave clouds were observed over New Mexico by a multichannel scanning radiometer on Skylab during December 1973. Channels centered at 0.83, 1.61 and 2.125 μm were used to determine the cloud optical thickness, thermodynamic phase and effective particle size. An additional channel centered at 11.4 μm was used to determine cloud-top temperature, which was corroborated through comparison with the stereographically determined cloud top altitudes and conventional temperature soundings. Analysis of the measured near-infrared reflection functions at 1.61 and 2.125 μm are most easily interpreted as indicating the presence of liquid-phase water droplets. This interpretation is not conclusive even after considerable effort to understand possible sources for misinterpretation. However, if accepted the resulting phase determination is considered anomalous due to the inferred cloud-top temperatures being in the −32 to −47°C range. Theory for the homogeneous nucleation of pure superco...


Objective
To investigate the effect of estrogen on osteogenic differentiation and the expression levels of miR-20a, miR-29a in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) .

Methods
BMSCs were isolated and cultured, and were divided into 3 groups; Blank control group was cultured in complete medium and was named CM group; Control group was cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium and was named OM group; Treatment group was cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium containing 17β-estradiol (E2) and was named E2 group. Cells′ alkaline phosphatase activities were detected after being incubated for 1, 5, 9 days and the expression levels of osteogenic related proteins such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) , bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) , Osteopontin (OPN) were detected in day 5 and 9 by western blot. Expression levels of miR-20a-5p, miR-29a-3p were detected in day 5 and 9 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) . The production of mineralized nodule were stained by Alizarin Red in day 19. The t test was used to compare differences between 2 groups and the One-Way ANOVA was used to compare differences among more than 2 groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Alp activities: In day 1, the figures were low in every group and there were no significant differences between each group (CM1 d: 3.49, OM1 d: 2.82, E21 d: 2.92; F= 2.002, P= 0.216) ; In day 5, the alp activities in OM group and E2 group raised markedly (E21 d: 2.92, E25 d: 15.83; t= 5.065, P= 0.007; OM1 d: 2.82, OM5 d: 8.38; t= 13.39, P= 0.0002) ; The figure in E2 group was significantly twice as in OM group and was four times as in CM group (F= 13.95, P= 0.0055) ; In day 9, alp activities increased significantly by 3 folds in all the groups compared with the figures in day 5 (CM9 d: 14.66, OM9 d: 22.17, E29 d: 45.99; CM: t= 11.830, P= 0.0003; OM: t= 8.068, P= 0.0013; E2: t= 9.332, P= 0.0007) ; The figure in OM group was 1.5 times as in CM group and the figure in E2 group was 2 times as in OM group (F= 119.1, P 0.999, Mann-Whitney U= 10.000, 9 d: P= 0.680) .

Conclusions
E2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation in rat BMSCs, and the expression level of miR-20a-5p increased during this process.

Key words:
Estradiol; Rats; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteogenic differentiation; MicroRNA


The results showed that AngII increased both inward and outward currents of IK_(1) and decreased inward rectification in whole cell recording. Single channel recording showed that the increase of IK_(1) was attributed to the abnormal burst opening current with a larger unit amplitude. These changes were invesible by using Losartan and Glibenclamide (a ATP sensitive potassium channel inhibitor).


This paper presents the results of a parametric analysis and single experiment of a transversely loaded T300/UF3325-95 (Graphite/Epoxy) IsoTruss R panel. The IsoTruss R panel, a three dimensional advanced composite truss structure, consists of an array of repeated pyramids interwoven with an orthogonal grid pattern on both top and bottom surfaces. A total of 3,600 configurations were analyzed using commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software, varying thickness, member radius, and number of bays. Due to initial imperfections caused by hand manufacturing limitations, the experimental results did not agree with the finite element analysis. Trends of the strength, weight, and strength-to-weight ratio, with regards to thickness, member radius, and number of bays of the IsoTruss R panel were elucidated. In the parametrically-obtained near-optimal design based upon strength-to-weight ratio for this configuration, the thickness is approximately 30% of the span of the IsoTruss R panel.


Activated carbon derived from lignite is investigated as the active electrode material in supercapacitors. ZnCl2 was used as excitation agent during preparation process. XRD, BET, SEM and electrochemical performance testing carried out to characterize the structure and properties of activated carbon. Electrochemical investigations indicate that the activated carbon (AC-650°) shows the maximum specific capacitance of 207.5 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolytes at 0.5 A g−1. The activated carbon presents good cycle stability during 3,000 cycles at a fair current density of 5 A g−1 and capacity rate can reach 91 %, because of its specific surface area of 1024 m2 g−1.


Con∞ict between software developers and testers is common due to frequent interactions and diverse goals. Such con∞ict often leads to meaningless human struggle and then in∞uences product performance. This paper provides a graph model method to resolve the con∞ict based on the difierent con∞ict management styles (collaborating and dominating) between developers and testers. A case study is used to illustrate the proposed model. The con∞ict model considers the decision makers, the options, and relative preference order. After an in-depth stability analysis, this study conflrms the equilibrium states of con∞ict resolution. Through contrastive analysis of the con∞ict resolution with the graph model method, the study found that collaborating con∞ict management style is a win-win con∞ict resolution for developers and testers. The analytical results closely predict the con∞ict decision and provide valuable insights into the developers and testers' con∞ict.


Microcellular wood fiber reinforced polymer materials have important applications because of their ability to reduce the density of automotive components due to their structure-property advantages. This research investigates the effects of chemical foaming agent content on cell morphology, density, and mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) properties of microcellular injection molded wood fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The effects of various concentrations (2-5 wt% of the composites) of the exothermic chemical foaming agent on the properties of the composites was studied with a view of establishing the concentration-structure-property relationships for these materials. The results indicate that exothermic 2 wt% content shows finer microcellular structure than other contents, dependent on wood fiber content. Density was reduced with all foaming agent contents, to a maximum of 30%, and decreased up to 0.739 g/cm3 at wood fiber content of 30 wt% with coupling agent. Mechanical properties increased nearly 80% with the addition of coupling agent.


As an IT professional, you're expected to develop creative IT-enabled solutions, harnessing ongoing advances and trends in IT to address problems facing society. You should always be looking toward the future--what might happen in the next five to 10 years, and what actions can you take now to prepare for this future? You should look for points of potential disruption--what will change "business as usual"? You must stay abreast of advances in IT, emerging novel applications, new challenges and issues, and potential opportunities. IT Pro will be of value to you in meeting these demands and expectations and in succeeding as a reputable IT professional. This Web Extra provides a list of those who acted as reviewers for IT Professional in 2014. We thank them for making volume 16 possible.


Inorganic nitrile halides have been studied theoretically by quantum-chemical approach and experimentally in the reactions of halogenation, nitration and nitro halogenation of aromatic compounds and alkynes. The generation of nitrile halides was eventually proved can be can be carried out using the iodine system (alkali metal halides) in the presence of alkali metal nitrates in an acetic acid medium. It has been found that the reaction can give the products of iodination, nitration, nitro halogenation, as well as products of cyclization, and oxidation depending on the nature of the halogen. To predict the products of reaction theoretical quantum-chemical calculations for intermediate particles – nitrile halides using the standard Gaussian‑03 software package were carried out. The possibility of NO2Hal formation was approved from quantum calculations. Furthermore the geometry of NO2Hal particles and mechanism of their homo- or heterolytic decay were represented


This paper presents a visualization approach called Radial Edgeless Tree (RELT) for visualizing and navigating hierarchical information on small screens. Major advantages of the RELT approach include: elegance recursive division of the display area, space-filling, maximum usage of screen estate, and clarity of the hierarchical structure. It offers the flexibility such that users can customize the hierarchy's root location and stylize the layout. The RELT drawing algorithm is adaptable and customizable for different application domains. We have implemented the RELT interface on the Google Android emulator. The paper presents the Android implementation, and then provides an analytical and empirical comparison of the Android implementation with a traditional cell phone interface in terms of their performances in navigating hierarchical information.


It provides a data storage device. The data storage device is adjacent to the interface, the buffer controller, a memory controller, a nonvolatile memory, and the buffer controller and electrically connected party is composed of the power semiconductor device. The self-power semiconductor device includes a charged micro-battery attached to the semiconductor chip and the semiconductor chip. The charge micro-batteries are first current collecting electrodes and second current collecting electrode, a first polarizable electrode (first polarizing electrode) said first contacts the first power collecting electrode facing the second current collecting electrodes formed to face each other, and the second power collecting electrode contact with being provided with an electrolyte layer formed between the second polarizable electrode opposing the first polarizable electrode (second polarizing electrode), and the first polarizable electrode and the second polarizable electrode.


The solar corona represents the physical link between the Sun and the Earth with its human life, because it stretches without discontinuity into the heliosphere and strongly affects its physical parameters. Observation of the solar corona is challenging because of the intrinsic weakness of the coronal radiation, which is 10 6 to 10 8 times fainter than the nearby bright photosphere. Intensive observation of the solar corona requires a coronagraph, that is, a telescope equipped with a system for occulting the light from the solar disk.1, 2 The Multi-Element Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (METIS), selected to fly aboard the Solar Orbiter ESA/NASA mission,3 is a coronagraph/spectrometer designed to perform imaging and spectroscopy of the solar corona by means of an integrated instrument suite located on a single optical bench and sharing the same aperture on the satellite heat shield. Like every coronagraph, METIS requires highly effective stray light suppression. The history of coronagraphs4–6 teaches us that in the design process, particular attention must be given to optimizing the occulter. The METIS occulting system is of particular interest because of its innovative concept. The Solar Orbiter will observe the Sun from a unique point of view by reaching a perihelion of 0.28 astronomical units (AU) and orbiting up to 30 out of the ecliptic. To meet the strict thermal requirements of the Solar Orbiter, the METIS optical design has been optimized by moving the entrance pupil to the level of the external occulter on the Figure 1. 3D drawing of the METIS structure, with emphasis on the main elements of the occulting system. IEO: Inverted external occulter. M0, M1, M2: Mirrors. IO: Internal occulter.


Background Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) is a promising tool for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory joint diseases. Earlier studies have shown good correlation with conventional MRI and scoring systems for WBMRI have been developed [1,2]. However, the validation of WBMRI is limited; no studies have evaluated the agreement between repeated scans (interscan agreement) and only few studies have evaluated the intra- and interreader agreement. Objectives To validate WBMRI by evaluating the interscan agreement in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the intra- and interreader agreement and determine the distribution of pathologies in the subjects. Methods WBMRI was performed twice with a one-week interval in 14 patients with PsA, 10 with RA and 16 HC. Coronal images of shoulders, hips, hands and ankles/feet, and sagittal images of knees, ankles, feet and spine were obtained (STIR and pre- and post-contrast T1 weighted spin echo images). Images were anonymized and read in pairs with unknown chronological order by experienced readers (peripheral: IE; spine: SK). WBMRI was scored for 83 peripheral joints and for 33 peripheral entheses according to the OMERACT WBMRI scoring system [1], and according to the CanDen MRI spine scoring system [2]. Ten image sets were re-anonymized for assessment of intra- and interreader agreement (peripheral and spine: MO). Agreement was calculated on lesion level by percentage exact agreement (PEA) and Cohen's kappa with squared weights, and for sum scores by absolute agreement single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The age in the PsA/RA/HC was median (range) 48(31-68)/49(26-58)/35(23-54) years and the symptom duration 10(0-24)/7(3-24)/NA years. WBMRI of the spine and peripheral joints and entheses generally showed moderate to almost perfect interscan agreement with a PEA ranging from 95-100%, kappa ranging from 0.71-1.00 and ICC ranging from 0.95-1.00 (Table 1). Intra- and interreader agreement showed moderate to almost perfect agreement with few exceptions (Table 2). More lesions were found in patients than HC. PsA patients had more lesions in acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, whereas RA patients had more hand lesions (Figure 1). PsA patients had more lesions in the spine (Figure 2). Conclusion WBMRI of the spine and peripheral joints and entheses showed very good interscan agreement, implying that repositioning between examinations does not markedly affect scoring of lesions. Intra- and interreader agreement showed moderate to almost perfect agreement. The distribution of findings in PsA, RA and HC was determined. References [1] Krabbe, et al., J Rheumatol, 2019 (in press) [2] Krabbe, et al., RMD Open, 2018;4;e000624.Table 1 Interscan agreement between two WBMRI examinations performed with a one-week interval for all participantsTable 2 Intra- and interreader agreement for ten participants (4 PsA, 3 RA, 3 HC) INTRAREADER %-agreement Kappa ICC WBMRI; Synovitis 90 0.58 0.87 Peripheral Joint BME 97 0.52 0.45 Entheseal STI 92 0.67 0.85 Entheseal BME 97 0.08 0.14 WBMRI; BME 100 0.93 0.99 Spine Fat 99 0.91 0.99 Erosion 100 1.00 1.00 New bone formation 100 1.00 1.00 INTERREADER %-agreement Kappa ICC WBMRI; Synovitis 84 0.41 0.85 Peripheral Joint BME 97 0.72 0.91 Entheseal STI 93 0.41 0.74 Entheseal BME 97 0.34 0.35 WBMRI; BME 100 0.93 0.67 Spine Fat 99 0.82 0.97 Erosion 100 0.83 0.91 New bone formation 98 0.17 0.23 BME: bone marrow edema, STI: soft tissue inflammation, ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient Disclosure of Interests Anna Enevold Floeistrup Poulsen: None declared, Mette Bjoerndal Axelsen: None declared, René Panduro Poggenborg: None declared, Iris Eshed: None declared, Simon Krabbe: None declared, Daniel Glinatsi: None declared, Jakob Møllenbach Møller: None declared, Mikkel Ǿstergaard Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Centocor, Merck, Novartis, Consultant for: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, and UCB


We have developed a new multi-source data set for integrated analysis of vegetation classification at a continental scale, and applied it in China. Two kinds of supervised classification methods, artificial neural network (NN) and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) algorithms were employed to classify the data set in order to ascertain which method is better for this new data set. Classification results were validated with the same test samples and field samples based on GPS. The accuracy of the classification by NN was better than by MLC.


Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oriental medicine therapy on Vocal cord paralysis with Ramsay Hunt syn. Methods & Result : The clinical data was analyzed on a patient with Vocal cord paralysis with Ramsay Hunt syn. whose main symptoms were right facial palsy, auricle pain, dysphagia and hoarseness. The patient was treated by the acupucture and Herb-medicine.. As the result, symptoms are improved. Conclusion : This result suggest that the acupucture and Herb-medicine. was effective treatment of Vocal cord paralysis. So futher research is needed continuously.


The analysis of the structure of the forest fund of urban forest zoneof the municipal unit "City of Yekaterinburg" is presented. It is shown that the urban forests are characterized by a high proportion of forested area (99.1%), predominance of the natural forest stands, low forest regeneration reserve (166.9 hectares). More than 10 tree species are growing on the territory of the urban forests, from them pine and birch are dominating, having 74% and 24% of total forest area respectively. Age structure of the stands cannot be considered satisfactory as the proportion of young trees of coniferous and deciduous silvicultural system are only 3.1% and 1.4% respectively. 60% of the forested area has medium density, 39% − of high density. Forest-growing conditions in the territory of the urban forest zone are favorable for growth and development of stands of medium and even high productivity. The average productivity class is 2.5. The most productive are pine stands with the average productivity class 2.2. The fresh group of the forest-growing conditions is dominating from moisture regimes. The most common type of forest is berry pine stands, plantations of this type occupy 17001 hectares. As a whole, typological structure of the forest fund is favorable for recreation.


Ovariectomized rats were either untreated, treated with estradiol, or treated with estradiol plus progesterone for 3 days. Nuclear preparations of the uteri were incubated with 3H-UTP, ATP, CTP and GTP and excess RNA polymerase with and without preincubation with trypsin. The study focused on the enhancement of template activity mediated by trypsin. Five experiments were performed. In incubations of nuclei from estradiol-treated rats the increase in template activity mediated by trypsin ranged from 327 to 651 %. The results with the untreated rats were not statistically different from those with the estradiol-treated rats. On the other hand, the enhancement of template activity with the nuclei obtained from rats treated with estradiol plus progesterone was far less, ranging from 34 to 127%. When the rats were treated with progesterone alone (2 experiments), the average increase was 316%. Nuclear preparations of human endometrium were studied in the same way. In 17 studies of proliferative endometrium, the...


This paper describes the design, construction and test results of a thyratron modulator circuit for use with high peak power metal vapour lasers in which the discharge current pulse through the laser is rapidly terminated. The circuit generates current pulses with peak amplitudes up to 300A and fall times of less than 7Ons (90%-10%). The system consists of a thyratron-switched capacitive discharge circuit in which the bypass element is a saturable inductor. Saturation of the magnetic core provides an alternative path for the discharge current. Furthermore, the point in time at which saturation occurs can be controlled by appropriate magnetic core biasing. This paper describes the operation of the circuit.


This article is an excerpt from a research developed at the academic master's level, which sought to describe, discuss and analyze the knowledge and practices of a baby teacher in Early Childhood Education. Thus, meeting the historically recent movement to reconstruct the profile of this educational stage, we seek to invest in the reflection and construction of knowledge about early childhood education, as the first and primary space for human formation. In this sense, this study, which is characterized as bibliographic, proposed to carry out a survey of recent scientific production in Early Childhood Education, more specifically the daycare segment (0 to 3 years old),


The London 2012 Olympic Games are winding to a close, but thousands of health professionals at the event remain busy treating any and every form of ailment. There are certain health problems one expects to see among elite athletes. Stress fractures. Muscle strains. Other musculoskeletal injuries


This report summarizes the achievement won
by the industry in 1998 in three aspects, i e ,economic development, reformation and
adjustment of enterprises and "the Three battles" and also pointed out problems remained
in economic development in the industry One the bases of above, it particularly analyses the
favorite advantage as well as difficulties faced by Guangxi machinery industry set out the
development direction for the next stage and goat and tasks for 1999,which laying the stress
still on deepenting the reformation and adjustrnent of state-owned enterprises The report calls
on the all the staff in the industry to seize opportunity, take up challenge and make great effort
to bring a vigorous and energetic Guangxi machinery industry into the 21 century


The full collection of the thirty one six page papers of the conference held at the RNLI College between the 22nd and 24th October 2011 are included. The topics considered ranged from marine propulsion, resistance, seakeeping and general fluid dynamics, all focussed on the use of numerical methods


The objective of this study is to present an overview of devastating effect of collapse; with the prime aim to carry out detailed investigation about real causes of collapse of the building. Normally the failure of structures is the result of structural inadequacies, foundation failure or combination of both. The study emphasises on design and analysis of a ground and four upper storeyed RCC frame structure [1] using ETABS 2013 [7] to enumerate the causes of collapse. The analysis indicates the major failure of residential building was predominantly due to structural inadequacy of improper, inadequate beam-column connections, moment transfer. Analysis reflects that the columns were not capable for carrying moment from the beam. The results reveal that in the collapsed building columns were provided with smaller cross section compared to the depth of the beam. This created Weak column-Strong beam condition. Due to which damage was largely concentrated in the ground floor columns. It was also observed that large axial forces must have created crushing failure mainly due to short column condition. The failure mechanism was also aggravated due to settlement resulted into foundation failure. This can be justified looking to the load-settlement behaviour of soil as well as SBC vs Settlement curve plotted using soil investigation data. During verification of column design, considering all other aspects, the real cause was major deficiency observed in beam – column joint. The basic principles and theoretical concept of beam-column joint were ignored during designing of the above said building.


Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) methodology has been researched for years as a potential solution for complex ASIC integration. Different techniques have been proposed, and some of them are nowadays considered by the industry as well. In this talk a broad overview of the GALS interfaces will be performed and their potential applications disclosed. The expected advantages and associated challenges imposed by GALS techniques will be discussed. The brief overview of the activities in IHP in the last decade will be presented with the focus on system integration of DSP ASICs for wireless communications. High performance wireless communication blocks are usually based on optimized datapath processing which could be partitioned into the independent clock domains. On the other hand due to its complexity, mobile use and need for mixed-signal integration, such systems often require additional measures for system integration, switching noise reduction and power optimization. The main focus will be on most promising features of GALS - switching noise reduction by desynchronization of the local blocks communication. The topic will be disclosed starting from the theoretical model up to the respective test chip implementation. The baseline for implementation is GALS based on pausible clocking. In addition, the other properties, such as power and area overhead, of the GALS ASICs will be evaluated. The talk will be followed with the set of practical examples - complex test ASICs. This includes 60 GHz OFDM baseband processor in 40 nm CMOS named Moonrake Chip, and 120 GHz radar chip in 130 nm BiCMOS technology, named Lighthouse. In order to implement such GALS chips specific ASIC design flow has been proposed and utilized. Finally, this talk will also try to provide the outlook to the interesting open research problems and potential future use of the GALS systems.


A power efficiency improved switched current comparator based on Boonsobhak's comparator is presented. Controlled by two complementary clock signals, the proposed comparator operates in a master and slave manner. The master comparator not only generates a voltage difference according to the input current, but also isolate the input terminal from the output signals to prevent extreme voltage surge, or kickback noise, while the slave comparator is allowed to regenerate and produce a valid digital output. Employing a static class AB latched comparator as the master comparator and a O-static-power-dissipated dynamic latched comparator as the slave one; the proposed current comparator achieves high power efficiency and high speed. Designed and simulated in TSMC 0.25 m mixed signal CMOS technology with 1.8 V supply voltage, the proposed SI comparator achieves a current sensitivity up to 0.2 muA, and a sampling frequency up to 400 MHz, with 30% power reduction compared to the original one.


Metalloenzymes1 containing transition metals are ubiquitous in nature. Palladium, one of the most catalytically versatile transition metals is presently undergoing a renaissance due to the recognition that the complexes of palladium being efficient catalysts for a wide range of chemical transformations. We envisioned that the use of the palladium compounds with such redox active aminophenolate class of ligands might allow the carbon-carbon bond formation catalysis via cross-coupling methodology. Furthermore, dioxygen activation, stoichiometric or catalytic chemical transformations by Ni, Pd and Pt compounds with redox-active ligands will be worth studying. As part of investigation, dimeric Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II) complexes of phenolate ligands are synthesized and electronic structure of their neutral and oxidized product is studied. In this thesis, significant efforts have been made to search for reasonable, cheap ligands to prepare Pd compounds which can not only emerge as a highly active catalyst, but also demonstrate good
thermal stability, effective in functional group tolerance and resistant towards air and moisture.


AIM: To develop a method to determine the content of emodin and chrysophanol in Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, etc.). METHODS: HPLC was used to determine the content of emodin and chrysophanol in Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets. The separation was performed on YWG ODS column with methanol (0.1%) phosphoric acid(85∶15) mixture as a mobile phase and the wavelength of UV detector was at 254nm. RESULTS: The resolution and the linearity of this method was good. in the range of emodin was 50.2~401.6ng( r =0.9999); chrysophanol was 49.9~ 399.2 ng( r =0.9994); and with the average recovery of emodin: 99.4%( RSD =2.2%); chrysophanol:100%( RSD =1.1%). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, rapid and satisfactory and suitable for quality control of Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets.


Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in using partial and run-time reconfigurable (RTR) FPGAs to develop reconfigurable systems for various applications. To support this new type of hardware, new or improved design methodologies and tools are needed that can provide sufficient support for RTR-related design and verification tasks. This paper first introduces a novel concept called run-time reconfigurable co-emulation, which extends traditional co-emulation with the RTR capability of FPGAs. It then describes and discusses how to develop hardware platforms that use the RTR co-emulation concept for transaction-level functional verification and in-circuit debugging of RTR-based FPGA designs


Background: Vitamin C is a water-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant that has beneficial effects on lipid-metabolizing enzymes. In the present study, the level of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) substances and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were assayed. Methods: The level of TBA substances and antioxidant enzymes was determined in plasma and RBC hemolysates, respectively, in 60 postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Results: The data obtained from the study revealed that the levels of TBA and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, SOD, glutathine peroxidase and glutathine-S-transferse were significantly normalized by vitamin C treatment in the RBC hemolysate. Conclusion: The results compared vitamin C-treated breast cancer patients with normal individuals and showed that co-administration of vitamin C is more beneficial in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen.


T he 32nd AMS Conference on Radar Meteorology and the 11th AMS Conference on Mesoscale Processes, held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, during 23–29 October 2005, proved very popular: a total of 552 papers were presented and 525 people attended the joint meeting. The conference was quite busy, including a one-day "Educational Forum," two occasions with triple parallel sessions, plus evening and Saturday sessions. This was the first time in the history of the AMS that these two naturally related communities in meteorology (i.e., those using radar and those studying mesoscale processes) joined in conference1. The conference was novel in several other ways, and we will focus here on the conference structure and evolving conference archival options, so as to make specific recommendations for future AMS conferences. These recommendations pertain to the organization of short courses, the challenge of poster sessions, trends in conference attendance, and a disturbing trend concerning the changing character and purpose of extended abstracts. EDUCATIONAL FORUM. The novel one-day Educational Forum (EF) titled "A Primer on Radar Analysis Techniques Used in Mesoscale Meteorology" preceded the conference and set the theme for this highly interconnected joint conference. The four EF sessions were devoted to radar instrumentation, the use of radar data in understanding the structure of mesoscale phenomena, and the assimilation of radar data into mesoscale prediction models. The purpose of these sessions was to provide a state-ofthe-art summary and discussion to the attendees of both conferences on new approaches in radar observations as related to mesoscale phenomena. The program chairs developed the forum—they chose the topics, selected the speakers, reviewed the presentation graphics for consistency and completeness, and served as the session conveners. While it is not unusual for the AMS to offer one or more short courses in association with a conference, the EF was unique in that it was offered free of charge to all conference registrants on a first-come first-served basis, with the intent being to draw a large group of mainly graduate students. In practice, the AMS realized this by treating the EF as an additional joint session—and thus, part of the conference—without increasing the conference registration fee. The organizing committee and EF participants were quite pleased with this arrangement. The EF was different from regular conference sessions in two other ways: first, the presentations are not found in the extended abstract CD-ROM, nor were they recorded live by the AMS, so they cannot be found on the AMS conference archive Web site. (Spiral-bound notebooks containing the outlines and presentation slides were produced and distributed to attendees in color at cost-recovery price.) Second, EF attendance was capped at 100—a number reached early during the online registration period despite limited advertising—although 120 people were eventually admitted because space was availAFFILIATIONS : GEERTS—University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; KOCH—NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory/Global Systems Division, Boulder, Colorado; KREHBIEL—New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico; JORGENSEN—NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma CORRESPONDING AUTHOR : Bart Geerts, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 E-MAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI:10.1175/BAMS-87-8-1105


Evangelical Christians are a rapidly growing share of the population in most Latin American countries, yet their involvement and success in electoral politics varies widely, even among the countries where they are most numerous. This paper examines the cases of Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, and Peru, assessing a series of potential explanations for cross-national variation in evangelicals' electoral achievements. These include the class structure of the evangelical community; legislative incentives (particularly constitution writing) that could spur political involvement; the implications of electoral and party system for ballot access; the strategy and tactics of the movement, particular with respect to cooperation vs. competition among churches; and the potential negative weight of evangelicals' involvement in corruption or ties to prior authoritarian regimes. I leverage electoral results, survey data, and evidence drawn from secondary literature in order to assess the contribution of each factor to evangelicals' political success or failure.


Because of differences in chemical structure and rheological characteristics, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are incompatible when blended during recycling of PET soft drink bottles. To improve the properties of the blends, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was used as a compatibilizer. Based on torque rheometer tests, the higher the concentration of PET in the blends, the higher the initial loading torque. Blends of 50% HDPE and 50% PET had the lowest equilibrium torque. Equilibrium torque was highest at 5% EVA. The presence of EVA made only a slight difference in the glass transition temperatures of HDPE/PET blends. Higher EVA content in the blend resulted in a lower melting endotherm. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability was independent of EVA content; but the more PET in the blend, the lower the final weight loss.


Today, in the aftermath of the subprime crisis, there is a foreboding sense that it is too easy for Americans to borrow. Living beyond our means on our cards and our mortgages, Americans borrowed at an unsustainable pace, and what put us here, the logic goes, was the unfortunate collision of lenders' greed and borrower's cupidity. Yet free-for-all borrowing defined another moment's economy as well, but without the ill consequences: the postwar period. After World War II, cheap credit underpinned the suburban prosperity, through government-insured loans, auto financing, and even department store Charga-Plates.


The Graduate School of Business of the University of Cape Town (UCT) recently acquired a powerful mini-computer with interactive terminals and a range of educational and business software. This paper applies a particular model of the learning process in order to choose the most effective computer-based teaching methods for the MBA programme. It is argued that this choice must take into account characteristics of the learner, the learning environment, the material being learned and the stage of the learning process. These elements and the current status of computer-aided instruction on the UCT MBA programme are described and basic policy guidelines are presented.


Abstract: This paper describes a three-year research project with CORE-OM (Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure) and illustrates the results of the evaluation of the clinical outcome of psychotherapy in clients undergoing psychotherapeutic process with the Gestalt method within the National Organisation of Gestalt Therapy (NOGT), and the Italian Society of Gestalt Psychotherapy (SIPG). The data was gathered using CORE-OM. The study is an example of a practice-oriented research in Gestalt therapy because it introduces a widely used quantitative method to evaluate the clinical outcome of psychotherapy (CORE-OM) as an integral part of clinical work in a relational approach. The authors have repeated within the Italian Gestalt community a similar study conducted in the UK in 2011 and compared both findings. Results indicate that Gestalt therapy has been effective in improving the condition of clients, with an effect size comparable to those that were observed in similar studies conducted in other countries and with different modalities. Keywords: Gestalt therapy, treatment effectiveness, outcome research, CORE-OM, long- term psychotherapy.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To relatively simply obtain a polyester in a broad range having a desired molecular weight by reacting an organic dial with organic dicarboxylic acids in the presence of a supercritical fluid and in the presence of a solid esterase enzyme at a specific temperature under specific pressure conditions. SOLUTION: In producing a polyester by reacting an organic diol (e.g. 1,4- butanediol) with an organic diester (e.g. divinyl adipate) or an organic dicarboxylic acid (e.g. adipic acid) in the presence of a supercritical fluid such as supercritical fluoroform and in the presence of a solid esterase enzyme (e.g. Candida cylindracea Lipase), the reaction is carried out under conditions in which the reaction temperature satisfies the formula 0.85≤T/Tc≤1.2 (T is a preferably a temperature carrying out the reaction; Tc is a critical temperature in a specific supercritical fluid used) at ≤120°C and ≥100 psi pressure and a polyester in broad range having desired molecular weight is simply obtained by only changing the pressure. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


This article analyses collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), complex securities that were at the heart of the recent financial crisis. The difficulties of analysing these securities are considered, and it is argued that the increasing complexity of CDOs that repackaged mortgage-backed securities outpaced the returns available to investors, and therefore the resources available to pay for the analysis required to value the securities adequately within the timeframe available. CDOs therefore faced the problem of computational intractability. Such an outcome was, the article argues, inevitable in financial innovation that sought to create ever-higher returns from the fixed returns on a pool of assets. CDOs created what the article labels a lemon-squeezing problem. Implications for regulatory responses to the crisis are briefly explored.


The focus of this study is the link between socio-cultural factors and the speaking abilities of ten Sylheti women who live in the West End of Newcastle upon Tyne. This is achieved by means of the sociolinguistic application of social network analysis with ethnographic case studies to take into consideration cultural and religious factors as well. Perspectives from the field of second language acquisition confirm the importance of interaction in learning interlinked with cognitive, affective and environmental factors. The grammatical features of the women's interlanguage are examined for observable patterns which were found to correlate with a native-speaker's assessment of the speaking abilities of the women. Both structural and content characteristics of the women's personal networks are then analysed. The study provides evidence that there is a definite link between the women's index of contact (number of English-speaking ties) and their speaking ability level as assessed by the native speaker. This link, however, is far from simple as socio-cultural and religious factors come into play in the lives of the individual women with their different personal circumstances.


Basel, Switzerland (ots/PRNewswire) A new study on pain published today has found that subcutaneous (SC) injections of the new renal anaemia therapy MIRCERA is associated with significantly less pain immediately after injection than SC darbepoetin-alfa (Aranesp).(1) These findings are important because to date there has been minimal data regarding SC injection site pain in adults with different erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), despite such pain being a common adverse event and a burden for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


For an efficient analysis of structures, the corresponding matrices should be sparse, well conditioned, and well structured. Analysis having these properties for structural matrices is called an optimal analysis. Such analysis becomes more and more important as the number of nodes and members of the structure increases. In this paper, applications of graph theory, algebraic graph theory, and matroids are presented for optimal analysis of the structures. These methods are used either separately or in hybrid forms. Applications are extended to finite element nodal ordering using ten topological transformations.


We discuss the wavelength requirement for optical networks based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). A mathematical model, to represent the routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks with or without wavelength conversion, is described, and metrics are defined to express the performance. A new heuristic for routing and wavelength assignment is proposed and compared with the Dijkstra algorithm and with a solution based on integer linear programming. The different techniques are applied to a variety of network examples with different traffic loads.


Learning from policy experimentation is a promising way to approach the "wicked problem" of climate adaptation, which is characterised by knowledge gaps and contested understandings of future risk. However, although the role of learning in shaping public policy is well understood, and experiments are expected to facilitate learning, little is known about how experiments produce learning, what types of learning, and how they can be designed to enhance learning effects. Using quantitative research methods, we explore how design choices influence the learning experiences of 173 participants in 18 policy experiments conducted in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2016. The experiments are divided into three "ideal types" that are expected to produce different levels and types of learning. The findings show that policy experiments produce cognitive and relational learning effects, but less normative learning, and experiment design influenced three of six measured dimensions of learning, especially the cognitive learning dimensions. This reveals a trade-off between designing for knowledge development and designing for normative or relational changes; choices that experiment designers should make in the context of their adaptation problem. Our findings also show the role leadership plays in building trust.


The internation trades of Sung and Koryo had two kinds, in field of nation to mation base and private level. After in the year of 962, Koryo and Sung...


The effect of temperature on the yield of bio-oil, bio-char and NCG (Non condensable gases)+bio-oil vapour  was studied in continuous feed reactor. The effect of temperature on recovery of bio-oil, bio-char and NCG was study at different temperatures were 450, 500, 550 and 600 o C.  In condition 1 the yield of bio-oil were increased from 6 (wt.) per cent to 8 (wt.) per cent while final temperature of pyrolysis increases from 450 0 C to 550 o C. After that temperature increases the yield of bio-oil started decreases i.e. at temperature 600 o C yield of bio-oil was 7.5 (wt.) per cent. In condition 2 the yield of bio-oil was increased from 11 (wt.) per cent to 13 (wt.) per cent while temperature increases from 450 o C to 500 o C. After that temperature the yield of bio-oil were decreases until temperature of reactor increases. The yield of bio-char was starting decreases while pyrolysis temperature increases. The yield of NCG (Non-condensable gas)+bio-oil vapour increases with increase in temperature of bio-oil reactor chamber


The risk of sustaining heavy injuries through accidental falls creates a major medical problem for elderly people. This paper conducts a survey of the various automatic techniques and methods proposed to detect falls and anomalies in movements of the elderly, through monitoring of their daily life activities. These methods can be broadly divided into three main categories: 1) Video Analysis Based; 2) Acoustic and Ambience Sensor Based; and 3) Kinematic Sensor Based. This paper critically analyzes the various proposed methodologies, comparing their strengths and weaknesses. We further propose our own technique for fall detection and monitoring of common daily life activities (walking, running, sitting, standing, and lying down), through a novel approach that provides a low cost solution and ensures the safety and security of the elderly without restricting them to confined surroundings.


Abstract Nucleotide sequences encompassing the chloroplast rps4 gene and the rps4-trnS intergenic spacer were obtained for several specimens representing North American and Hawaiian members of Pteridium aquilinum (ingroup), as well as Pteridium esculentum (outgroup). Nucleotide divergence between ingroup bracken taxa was low. The rps4-trnS intergenic spacer contained indels distinguishing P. aquilinum and P. esculentum. Phylogenetic analyses and a haplotype network recognized two major groups within Northern American bracken that are divided along both genetic and geographic lines. The Hawaiian var. decompositum and the western North American var. pubescens share a similar chloroplast genome and grouped together. Despite morphology and geographical distribution, sequences for var. feei and eastern North American var. latiusculum were very similar and grouped together. Sequence data could not distinguish eastern North American var. latiusculum and the southeastern North American var. pseudocaudatum. Haplotype and biogeographic analyses suggest a most recent common eastern North American ancestor for the ingroup.


CODE: N nipple AMT: A -aoll WV well G oral gavage *Llef t (with cc's) H hungry *v 27-44 P polyvinyl nasogostric tube *0 omitted *P prodding *C B2.-0:0 5/62 ANEW CHARTING RECORD for prematures enables nurses and physicians to see at a glance the condition and progress of the infant. Devised during 1961 and used constantly since then at the premature center at Mount Sinai Hospital in Chicago, it gives information about the feedings, medications, temperatures, cord condition, environment, and other important items. Our goal in developing it was to provide a single record on which as much information as possible could be given in graph form. The first tentative form has undergone many revisions, each incorporating suggestions from staff members. Finally we produced a very effective one-page graphic record which presents concise, easily read, and correlated information. It replaces several different records on which all information was written out by hand. The record covers a five-day period and each day is divided into three-hour intervals. These intervals correspond to the times at which nursing care is given. Handling the infants is kept to a minimum so as much care is given at one time as possible. The headings for information to be recorded are printed in the left margin. Temperature.-This section provides a space to record both incubator and infant's temperature. This allows for easy correlation. Respirations.-This section shows respiration rate only. We use the Vital Signs Wheel for infants having respiratory difficulty, and a complete data sheet is attached to each chart. Stools.-A code (see record) is used to report stools. Amount: Ssmall, M-medium, L-large. Color:


Oral appliance therapy is a simple, reversible way for improving snoring and/or obstructive sleep apnea. It may be indicated for the patients who are unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or who have potential risks for surgical intervention. Oral appliance therapy increases airway space by the providing stable anterior positioning of the mandible, pulling out tongue, lifting up soft palate, or changing the muscle activity of the genioglossus. Currently, more than 80 different types of oral appliances have been introduced for snoring and/or obstructive sleep apnea. They are classified by their characteristics such as mode of action, adjustability and material used. This article provides a detailed clinical protocol and treatment procedure for oral appliance therapy.


In the 21st knowledge society, libraries should consider OPAC redesign and functional performance improvement by using new web related technology. This paper studied and analyzed case studies of Web 2.0. Library 2.0, domestic and international web portals and libraries. Based on the research, this study implemented Open API and RSS reader and proposes its utilization plan as a next generation OPAC 2.0 service model which can improve OPAC search results and search service.


INTRODUCTION Hemodynamic forces, such as Wall Shear Stress, are known to be one of the factors behind atherosclerotic plaque formation in blood vessels. This plaque formation can lead to vascular pathologies, such as aneurysms and stenosis (BALOSSINO et al., 2009; CEBRAL et al., 2005; DONG; INTHAVONG; TU, 2013). Given the importance of understanding the hemodynamics inside blood vessels, numerical simulations such as those using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique have been applied, in order to aid physicians with further analysis of the blood flow. These simulations can be used alongside with common medical imaging technologies, such as MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging) and CT-scans (Computed Tomography) (LI et al., 2018). Although numerical studies try to simulate cases as close as possible to the real physical and biological behavior, many studies tend to adopt simplifications. Some usual considerations are the adoption of a Newtonian model for the single-phase blood rheology or the use of generic geometries representing the vessels. Nevertheless, the use of simplifications can lead to reasonable results (KARIMI et al., 2014; MORALES et al., 2013), which can be used as basis for further studies. Despite achieving acceptable results, blood is a suspension-type fluid, composed of blood cells, erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes, suspended in plasma (JUNG; HASSANEIN, 2008; RAZAVI; SHIRANI; SADEGHI, 2011). Whilst blood cell presence in blood flow is a known information, simulations tend to consider blood as a single-phase flow. Therefore, computational hemodynamics tend to focus on the whole blood as well as pathologies, rather than the physics behind the cells. However, blood cells can account to more than half of the blood volume, depending on the patient (JUNG; HASSANEIN, 2008; OU et al., 2016). Hence, the present work aimed to study the behavior of plasma, a Newtonian fluid, flowing around a single erythrocyte, as well as a group of erythrocytes contained in a 2D domain. From the simulations, parameters such as velocity magnitude and Reynolds number were analyzed, in order to provide more information that will be used in future studies by the research group.


The traditional way which uses electro-hydraulic proportional control technology to control the opening size of the valves has been broken in the text.A new kind of mode by combining the servo motors driven constant delivery pumps and small diameter electro-hydraulic proportional servo valve has been put forward to achieve pressure and flow control of the hydraulic system.Thus in this way,the control of speed and positioning accuracy of the hydraulic system have been realized.Based on CAN bus technology,a variety of sensors have been used in the hydraulic system to collect the parameters such as actuator positions,velocity,and system pressure flow rate.The motion controller has been applied to deal with the information integrated to form a closed-loop.Finally,the high speed accuracy control of the hydraulic system has been achieved.


This paper deeply and systematically probes into the problems being faced for putting formard index futures in China, such as ideological and congnitive problems, specimen stock selecting and the opportunity selecting problems, supervising and managing problems and the contract designing problems. It works on the reason why our national debt futures failed and relative successful experiences in foreign countries. As far as the representative of indexis concerned, the composite indexes of Shanghai and Shenzhen are better than the component indexes, and composite index of Shanghai is better than that of Shenzhen. It is a mature opportunity to put forward our index futures and it is wise to do it as soon as possible. The supervision and management of the index futures market should emphasize on the risk controlling and begin with the institution of risk supervision and the assurance of risk management process. Learning lessons from successful experiences of other countries, we should design index futures contracts according to China's condition.


This study focuses on the topic of implementation of modern software solutions and systems in transport traffic research and control. The only correct approach to improve traffic organization on the existing road network at minimum cost is to "properly" manage traffic by implementing innovative methods and means to monitor, control, manage and optimize traffic flow indicators. The overall reorganization of road traffic is necessary for a better and safer functioning of the streets and improving not only safety but also the attractiveness and usability of the street network for pedestrians, cyclists and drivers. Ensuring traffic safety and greater security requires more than traditional "engineering, research and implementation".Extensive research is needed to successfully identify and implement the most effective methods and approaches for traffic reorganization and street design.


The chronic administration of norethynodrel–mestranol to both mature and immature rats leads to an increase in hypophysial STH content. Our results suggest that this increase in STH content results from a decrease in the secretion of STH-RF or an increase in the secretion of STH-IF. The decrease in plasma STH-like activity would reflect this inhibition in STH-RF secretion. This is re-fleeted finally in retarded osteogenesis and growth.


In this paper we discuss the opportunities of replacing wirelines by wireless connections in automation systems.However, there are several challenges inherently associated with these opportunities. ...


Objective: We aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of alteplase and urokinase in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and explore the influence on inflammatory factors (IF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels. Methods: In total, 72 patients who were diagnosed with ACI from May, 2018 to June, 2019 were selected as subjects of study and randomly divided into a urokinase group (UG) (n=36 cases) and an alteplase group (AG) (n=36 cases). In addition to the routine treatment and intervention performed in the two groups after admission, the UG was treated with urokinase through thrombolytic therapy (TT) and the AG was treated with alteplase through TT. After treatment, all patients were followed up for 3 months to compare the short-term curative effects, coagulation function, activity of daily living (ADL), IF level and treatment and prognosis between two groups. Results: After alteplase intervention, the short-term curative effect rate of the AG was 94.44%, which was higher than 75.00% of the UG (χ2=6.391, P=0.025). After treatment, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of coagulation factor (CF) in the AG were longer than those in the UG (P<0.05) and the fibrinogen (FIB) level and platelet (PLT) level of the AG were lower than those of the UG (P<0.05). In both groups, the NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05) and the ADL scores after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the NIHSS scores of the AG were lower than those of the UG (P<0.05) and the ADL scores of the AG were higher than those of the UG (P<0.05). In both groups, the levels of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), amino-terminal fragment of probnp (NT-pro-BNP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, NT-pro-BNP and IL-6 in the AG were lower than those in the UG (P<0.05). The MMP-9 level of the AG was higher than that of the UG after treatment (P<0.05). The revascularization rate of the AG was higher than that of the UG after treatment (P<0.05); and the complication rate, bleeding rate and death rate of the AG were lower than those of the UG 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of alteplase to ACI patients could achieve a better short-term curative effect, which was conducive to improving coagulation function, enhancing ADL, reducing IF level and obtaining favorable treatment and prognosis, so it is worthy of promotion


The three-dimensional slowness surface method is used to investigate the pure mode axes of single crystal BaTeMo2O9 on the basis of the experimental data. The relationship of the slowness surface and pure mode axes is studied. Under the condition of taking account of the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectrically stiffened elastic constants are calculated. Pure mode axes of the BaTeMo2O9 crystal are determined and plotted out on the slowness surfaces by software program. The result indicates that Y axis and Z axis are the pure mode axes of single crystal BaTeMo2O9. The validity of the result has been proved by theoretical calculation.


Aims: The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process as an advanced treatment to secondary effluent quality improvement in Isfahan - Morchekhort Industrial Estate wastewater treatment plant. Materials and Methods: Membrane system used in this study included a flat sheet UF module of polysulfone with 0.1 μm pore size. The coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation (Coag, Floc, Sed) and rapid sand filtration in conjunction with granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was used as pretreatment of secondary effluent. All test methods was obtained of standard method for the examination of water and wastewater. Results: The membrane system could decrease turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total hardness (TH), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), total nitrogen (TN) and Cl− , 24.5, 19, 48, 10.5, 94.5, 85.1, 15.4 and 1.01%, respectively. Conclusion: UF was able to improve chemical parameters of secondary effluent and meet national environmental standards. However, achievement to optimum operation of this system requires adequate pretreatments such as adding filter aid, sand filtration and GAC. The most part of suspended particles expressed by turbidity was removed within UF membrane, whereas only a little of organic substance expressed by COD or color and salt expressed by conductivity could be removed.


Based on the mechanism of ball-off separate layers fracturing and practical situation of western Sichuan gas field, the flow rate control equation of ball-off separate layers fracturing was established. Based on the equation, the control displacement at different perforation length was determined, and the controlling technique of minimal flow rate for ball-off separate layers fracturing was formed. Through field application, the good effect has been obtained.


This project is based on the design and construction of an intruder detecting and alerting system. This was achieved using an AT89C52 microcontroller for the control of the other component, a SIM900-GSM module that communicates between the home owner phone and the PIR sensor (motion sensor). The interfacing between the GSM module and the microcontroller was achieved using an IC called MAX232 (this IC converts TTL voltage level (+5V) to RS232 voltage level (plus minus 7.5V) vice versa) and the microcontroller was programmed using assembly language. At the end of this project we were able to design and construct a device that is not only cheap but efficient. We overcome the problem of false alarm by using a PIR sensor (passive infrared: this sensor only respond to infrared emitted from the human body and animals) and after testing, the microcontroller responded to the information sent by the PIR sensor and in the occurrence of intrusion send an alert message to the home owner as well sounding an alarm to alert the neighbours using a buzzer.


This paper gives data on the linear thermal expansion of tungsten carbidecobalt mixtures containing about 6 and 13 percent of cobalt. These products are called "cemented tungsten carbide" or Carboloy in the United States and Widia in Germany. The expansion curves of four samples of cemented tungsten carbide are shown in figures 1 and 2. Table 2 gives coefficients of expansion for various temperature ranges between 20 and 400 0 C. The average coefficient of expansion of cemented tungsten carbide containing 5.9 percent of cobalt, increases from 4.4 X 10-6 for the range between 20 and 60 0 C to 5.9 X 10-6 for the range between 300 and 4000 C. The average coefficients of expansion of the samples of cemented tungsten carbide containing from 12.9 to 13.2 percent of cobalt, increase from 5.0 X 10-6 for the range between 20 and 600 C to 6.7 X 10-6 for the range between 300 and 400 0 C. For the range from 20 to 400 0 C, the average coefficients of expansion of the samples of cemented tungsten carbide containing about 13 percent of cobalt are 15 percent greater than the coefficient of expansion of the cemented tungsten carbide containing about 6 percent of cobalt. Figure 3 shows that the rates of expansion of the samples of cemented tungsten carbide increase linearly with temperature. The rates of expansion of the cemented tungsten carbide containing 13.0 percent of cobalt are greater than the rates for the carbide containing 5.9 percent of cobalt. The rates of expansion of the samples of cemented tungsten carbide are greater than the rates of expansion of tungsten and considerably less than the rates of expansion of cobalt. CONTENTS Page


This paper presents a case of ocular changes in leishmaniasis in a dog
 brought in for examination because of visible changes in the eyes. An ocular
 manifestation in leishmaniasis can be bilateral or unilateral. Changes most
 often occur on the conjunctive and the front segment of the eye, the cornea
 and iris. From 70 to 80% of dogs diseased with leishmaniasis exhibit frontal
 uveitis, and dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also a frequent finding.
 Based on the clinical picture and the positive immunochromatographic rapid
 test it was established that the dog was diseased with leishmaniasis.


Colloidal dispersions of particles have an exceptionally long history across a wide range of formulated products. More recently, the use of environmentally-responsive polymers as a key component of the colloidal particles used in various formulations, whether in the core, on the surface or both, has opened up an additional range of novel applications that we review here. We initially briefly introduce the different types of particles and give examples of the range of responsive polymers used for their preparation. Promptly, we focus our attention on describing a broad range of applications for these systems ranging from oil recovery, emulsifiers and sensors to drug delivery.


Mn-bearing lawsonite was discovered in meta-siliceous rocks metamorphosed under the lawsonite-blueschist facies formed at less than 350 °C and 0.8-1.0 GPa in the Hakoishi serpentinite melange of the Kurosegawa Belt, Central Kyushu, Japan. The lawsonite deposits were accompanied by those of hematite, braunite (Mn2+Mn63+SiO12), and quartz, indicating that the rock had metamorphosed under high Oxygen fugacity (fO2) (∼ -20 < log fO2 < -5) at the abovementioned P-T conditions. The Oxygen fugacity led to the conversion of all the iron into ferric compounds and some of the manganese into its trivalent form. As a result, the lawsonite was found to contain a significant amount of (Mn3+ + Fe3+), substituting ∼ 5-11 mol% of Al in the ideal lawsonite formula. Lawsonite in meta-siliceous rocks metamorphosed under low fO2 state (∼ log fO2 < -20), and metabasites collected from the same melange contained lesser amount of (Mn3+ + Fe3+), substituting ∼ 3-5 mol%. The amount of Sr and Ba in the analyzed lawsonite were below the detection limit of energy-dispersive microprobe analysis, ∼ <0.1 wt%. This indicated the existence of an unknown endmember of the lawsonite group of minerals, CaFe23+Si2O7(OH)2·H2O or CaMn23+Si2O7(OH)2·H2O on the basis of the observed substitution. The extremely high fO2 state that results in the conversion of all the iron into ferric compounds along with the Mn-rich local chemical compositions would necessarily enhance (Mn3+ + Fe3+) ⇔ Al substitution in lawsonite.


In this paper,for the attacking on the tank upper armor,as an example of a revised antitank missile,some key questions for the trajectory control of hedgehopping upper armor attack are studied. The thrust vector control(TVC)is used by means of the small engines to control the missile turning. The relations between the thrust vector control forces and an angular speed of a body attitude,an impact angle and a load are discussed. Also the working time of the control forces and the selection of the hedgehopping height of the spinning missile are researched.


Even the multiple support vector machine (SVM) ensemble has been proved to improve the classification performance greatly than a single SVM, the classification result of the practically implemented SVM is often far from the theoretically expected level. As compared to traditional bagging and boosting methods, this paper proposes a novel SVM ensemble method based on fuzzy integral and rough reducts. In general, the proposed method is built in 3 steps: construct the individual SVM of ensemble by rough reduction technique; obtain the probabilistic outputs model of each component SVM; combine the component predictions based on fuzzy integral. The trained individual SVMs are aggregated to make a final decision. The simulating results demonstrate that the proposed multiple SVM ensemble method outperforms a single SVM and traditional SVM ensemble technique via bagging and boosting in terms of classification accuracy.


Observable infrared emission from molecular clouds may arise as fluorescence pumped by absorption of ultraviolet photons from a nearby star. General features of such infrared emission are discussed for various diatomic molecules. It is found that the populations of the vibrational levels are commonly described by a single vibrational temperature which is easily estimated for a number of limiting cases. The recent observations of CO overtone bands in Orion are considered in detail to see if the emission could be produced by UV pumping only. Itis concluded that both the observed relative intensities of the three bands and also their absolute strengths are inconsistent with such a model.


Lactating Merino ewes with single lambs were offered iso-nitrogenous diets of oats + 1 5% urea, or oats + 30% lucerne chaff (W/W air dry) at intakes ranging from 12 to 20 g digestible dry matter/kg liveweight. day (g DDM/kg. d). Crossbred ewes with twin lambs were given similar rations at two levels of intake (two or three x maintenance). Multiple regression equations indicated that the Merino ewes given oats + lucerne chaff at 14 g DDM/kg. d maintained the growth of their lambs at the same rate (171 g/d) as ewes given oats + urea at 18 g DDM/kg.d (1 69 g/d). Similarly, crossbred ewes given 1.0 kg DDM/d of oats +lucerne chaff maintained the growth rate of their lambs at only 17 g/d less (P>0. 05) than lambs raised by ewes given 1 .4 kg DDM/d of oats + urea. These differences were associated with the Merino and crossbred ewes given oats + lucerne chaff losing more liveweight than ewes given oats + urea at the same level of digestible dry matter intake/d.


The research aimed at designing exercises according to think – pair and share strategy in fundamental skills in volleyball as well as identifying the effect of this strategy on some fundamental volleyball skills performance in second-grade secondary school students. The researchers used the experimental method on second-grade secondary school students to conclude significant differences between pre and posttests in the subjects of the research as well as significant differences in posttests in favor of the experimental group. Finally, they recommended using think – pair and share strategy for developing the performance of some basic skills in volleyball.


This essay explores what we can know about the micro-politics of knowledge production using the history of bushcraft as a case study. In many societies in central, eastern and southern Africa, practitioners of technologies undertaken away from the village, in the bush, enjoy a special status. Among the Botatwe-speaking societies of south-central Africa, the status accorded hunters, smelters and other technicians of the bush was crafted in the centuries around the turn of the first millennium by combining old ideas about the blustery character of fame and spirits, and the talk that engendered both with the observation that technicians working in the bush shared a kinesthetic experience of piercing, poking and prodding into action during the generative activities of working smelts and taking down game. Yet the micro-politics of bushcraft knowledge also involved the bodies and feelings of spearmen and metallurgists' wives, lovers, mothers, sisters, and sometimes those of the entire neighbourhood. The invention of a new landscape category, isokwe, and the novel status of these seasonal technicians marks the development of a new kind of virile masculinity available to some men; it was a status with deeply sensuous, material and social meanings for women as well.


The thesis deals with the animotherapy of people with mental disabilities and its usage in a practice. It contains information on the problems of mental retardation, its classification and psychological characteristics of people with this handicap. This document defining the animotherapy, its methods and forms, including use of possible animals in this therapy. Practical part focuses on the use of animotherapy in a home for people with disabilities Zamek Břežany. Own points of view of the mentally handicapped clients at the animotherapy and their relationships to animals are shown through case studies herein.


According to the Olympic plan of our country during the tenth five-year plan, having the successful experience of formal Democratic Germany and the development of female courses in the Olympics Games , this essay analyzing the present situation of our country , shows the history of female courses is short ,new sports events are lots. However, These sports events have been spread little in the word, and the absolute level is low. At present, many potential points exist in female courses, especially in hers collective and basic sports events , it's possible to make a breakthrough in a short period of time . At the moment, the advantages of national system should be made full use of to stress on the development of female sports events.