To study the effects of butafosfan solution on growth performance and immune function of broilers,a total of 180 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate.Control group(groupⅠ) was injected with saline solution,group Ⅱ was injected with domestic butafosfan solution,and group Ⅲ was injected with imported butafosfan solution.Experimental injection was carried out for three times,the first injection of 0.2 mL was at 1 day of age,the second injection of 0.5 mL was at 21 days of age,and the third injection of 1.0 mL was at 49 days of age.The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows: 1) at 56 days of age,the average daily feed intake of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P 0.05).The average daily gain of group Ⅱ was significantly higher compared with group Ⅰ(P 0.05),and group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ(P 0.01).However,the feed to gain ratio was not significantly different among the three groups(P 0.05).Disease incidence and mortality rate of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of group Ⅰ(P 0.01 and P 0.05).2) At 28 and 56 days of age,the antibody level of Newcastle disease attenuated vaccine(clone 30) in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P 0.01),and there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P 0.05).But only the antibody level of H 5 subtype avian influenza of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P 0.01),and there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ(P 0.05).Serum interleukin(IL-2) content of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P 0.01 or P 0.05),but there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ(P 0.05),and there was no significant difference in serum IL-6 content among the three groups(P 0.05).The indexes of thymus,spleen and bursal of Fabricius of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ at 56 days of age(P 0.05),thymus index was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ(P 0.05),but there were no significant differences in the indexes of spleen and bursal of Fabricius compared with group Ⅱ(P 0.05).In conclusion,butafosfan solution can increase the average daily feed intake and the average daily gain of the broilers,and reduce the disease incidence and mortality rate,but can not affect feed to gain ratio.It can also promote the immune function and development of immune organs.The effects of imported butafosfan solution are better than those of domestic butafosfan solution.


Summary

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The aim of this study is to describe the participation of a group of hospital nurses in the multidisciplinary ward rounds on a cancer-therapy ward.

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Thirteen multidisciplinary group meetings (which took place before the 'walk round' meeting with the patients at the bedside) were tape recorded over a period of 4 weeks. The participating nurses were interviewed immediately after each ward round, yielding 23 interviews in total. In addition, three multidisciplinary team meetings were observed by the researcher.

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The verbal contributions of the nurses are categorized. The behaviour and the views of the participating nurses about ward rounds are described.

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Aspects of decision making and time management are highlighted. Barriers to the participation of nurses in ward rounds are identified.

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Recommendations which may improve the participation of nurses in ward rounds are made.


IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal IBILI – Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal ICBAS – Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal


This study examined the effects of chemically converted graphene (CCG) materials as a metal electrode interfacial modifier on device-performances of inverted organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). As CCG materials for interfacial layers, a conventional graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared, and their functions on OPV-performances were compared. The inverted OPVs with CCG materials showed all improved cell-efficiencies compared with the OPVs with no metal/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) interlayers. In particular, the inverted OPVs with reduction form of GO showed better device-performances than those with GO and better device-stability than poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-based inverted solar cells, showing that the rGO can be more desirable as a metal/BHJ interfacial material for fabricating inverted-configuration OPVs.


The processing technology of vinegar from the distillate is that vinegar was fermented by adding the koji that cultivated in higher temperature into roughly filtered distillate collected during the late stage of liquor distillation. The technique directly used acetic fermentation and leaved out alcoholic fermentation. The product was rich in organic acids, amino acids, and lipids with low molecular weight. The vinegar was of moderate acidity, full-bodied smell and special flavor. It met up with the national general standard of edible vinegar.


In order to understand, control or improve a complex system composed out of a large number of inter-related parts it is necessary to quantify, characterize and comprehend the structure and evolution of underlying complex networks. The last two decades have witnessed rapid growth in the number of studies analyzing networks representing complex real-world systems, leading to the emergence of network science, i.e. an interdisciplinary research field focused on metrics, algorithms and models that can reveal, reproduce and explain frequently observed structural and evolutionary characteristics of real-world networks. This companion paper briefly summarizes the content of a tutorial on methods for analyzing social and information networks in which nodes are augmented with various kinds of attributes. Special emphasis is given to methods for analyzing subgraphs in annotated networks, constructing their block models and mining attachment preferences. The presented methods are demonstrated on two case studies related to the evaluation of modularized semantic web ontologies and research collaboration.


The location of SD N Tukharjo, which is about 30 km from the Kulon Progo district center, makes educational facilities such as the regional library difficult to reach for students and teachers. The mobile library car run by the Kulonprogo regional library has also not reached SD N Tukharjo. The impact is that students and teachers only use the school library as literacy material. Currently Face-to-Face Learning (PTM) also limits the circulation of borrowed books in the school library. Through this activity, teachers will be given a deeper understanding of the nature of the literacy-numeration school program. Teachers are also encouraged to produce works in the form of fairy tale books that can add to reading material in reading corners or libraries, as well as increase skills regarding digital literacy by making literacy books based on augmented reality (AR). This service activity is carried out through four stages, namely planning, implementation, mentoring, and evaluation and reflection. From the results of the evaluation and reflection activities it can be concluded: 1) there is an increase in knowledge and digital literacy skills for teachers at SD Negeri Tukharjo, and 2) teachers at SD Negeri Tukharjo have succeeded in composing augmented reality fairy tales and have been ISBN-approved.


Making meaning appears to be an important pathway through which religion/spirituality influences adjustment following bereavement (Wortmann & Park, 2008). Few studies, however, have provided a detailed account of the ways in which meaning changes as part of the meaning making process (Park & Ai, 2006). We review the qualitative research regarding religion/spirituality and bereavement to examine meaning from the phenomenological perspective of the bereaved. We use the meaning making model (Park, 2005b) to organize findings regarding the interplay of religion/spirituality and meaning, including the nature of meaning discrepancy and processes of assimilation and accommodation. We conclude with suggestions for future research.


Advancement in Remote Sensing Imaging sensors provides massive rise in the accessibility and quality of timely and repetitive multisensor, multimodal, multi band, multiview, multiresolution earth surveillance information on a global scale. Image alignment is a fundamental task in remote sensing. Though there is an extensive range of alignment techniques developed for different applications, the pipeline process involved in Conventional and Contemporary techniques is almost same, but the selection of algorithms involved in each stage of registration varies dynamically depending on the category of image, image acquisition sensors, Light source, viewpoint, time, their distortions, applications and domains. There is no universal method that holds good for the above said variations. This paper mainly aims to develop rule based blind alignment frameworks that can automatically map and select algorithm for the given pair of multisensory data. In the process of framework development a thorough comparative study of Multiple Conventional and Contemporary alignment technique is required. The key idea of the paper is to analyze the comparative study and identify and map the registration algorithm required for the given input image pair and a brief discussion of major alignment technique is given.


Abstract Cultural heritage is one of the most important and ubiquitous tourism resources in the world, and heritage tourism is one of the most salient forms of tourism today. Many places look to the built environment or other forms of heritage for their socio-economic development through tourism. The development implications of heritage tourism are well established in the research literature. This paper describes the role of cultural heritage in social and economic development and examines several emerging trends in the field of heritage tourism that have salient bearings on destination development. These include the heritage tourism market, heritagization of the everyday past, the value of authenticity, branding heritage places, the spread of cultural routes, intersections between heritage and other forms of tourism, and the heritagization of non-traditional heritage spaces.


It's more difficult to distinguish the face's dynamic pictures. For example,the quanlity of out-put pictures in vedio is bad, and the background is complicated.Meanwhile, the speed of recent systerm of the Motion Face Recognition is so slow. The subject aims to build a experimentive systerm of the motion face detection and recognition based on the fusion of multiple classifiers,according to the recent technics. It focuses on the improvement of detection technology and the mixture of various Recognition methods. So the systerm can Recognition the faces more quickly,correctly and Effectively.


In most soil types, it is generally assumed that the shaft capacity of a pile is identical under both tensile and compressive loading. However, there is widespread experimental evidence that in sand the shaft capacity is significantly lower for tensile loading, or uplift, than for compressive loading. This paper describes the results of a parametric study that was conducted to explore the theoretical basis for such differences. It is shown that the primary cause of lower tensile capacity is due to a Poisson's ratio effect, and that the ratio of tensile to compressive shaft capacity may be expressed as a function of the relative compressibility of the pile and the slenderness ratio. Design recommendations are proposed, and corroborated with results from high-quality field tests.


Abstract : Both scheduled and replenishment as-needed strategies are analyzed for multiple resource systems. It is found that, in general, the most efficient strategies are those for which the replenishment is made with a combination of units most closely resembling the failed resources. In this context, most efficient refers to the smallest expected unit replenishment rate required to generate a given level of continuing service. Quantitative results are given for man cases of interest including replenishment with multiple resources of different types. The techniques used can be extended to other replenishment strategies and failure models. The results are particularly applicable to multi-mission satellite systems and can contribute to the economic analysis of such systems. (Author)


This paper describes the performance of steel reinforcement in concrete slabs that were ponded with a 3.4% sodium-chloride solution for a period of 6 months. The concrete slabs were cast using Portland cement concrete with and without silica fume and blast-furnace slag. The concrete cover to steel reinforcing bars ranged from 13 mm to 76 mm. The concrete resistance to chloride-ion penetration was determined according to American Society for Testing and Materials C 1902. The corrosion resistance of the steel reinforcing bars was determined using half-cell potential, linear polarization, and alternating current (AC) impedance techniques. The test results showed that both the silica fume and slag concretes exhibited very low penetrability to chloride ions, with the value of charge passed being less than 1,000 coulombs. All control concretes had the value of charge passed greater than 1,000 coulombs, regardless of the water-cement ratio (w/c). There was no significant corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the silica fume, slag, and control Portland cement concrete with water-cementitious materials ratio of 0.52 after 6 months of ponding with a 3.4% sodium chloride solution. Significant corrosion rates were observed for the reinforcing steel embedded in control Portland cement concrete with w/c > 0.43. As expected, the poorest performance was of the control concrete with a w/c of 0.76, where the corrosion of reinforcing steel was detected, even with a 51 mm concrete cover. There was a good correlation among the test results obtained using the half-cell potential, linear polarization, and AC impedance techniques.


The energy-saving technologies applied for the townhouse are expounded,including the auto control method about the integrated energy system with solar air-conditioner,geothermal system and 24-hour hot water system in details,and integration meaning of solar energy and building,design of the solar chimney,and the performances of warm-screen energy-saving glass.


Natural instabilities which are created in a laminar boundary layer and which consist of intermittent wave trains were studied. The spectral analysis of these fluctuations makes it possible to localize them in terms of frequency and to isolate their spectrum of amplitude modulation. The variation in terms of abscissa value and ordinate value of these instabilities is compared with the results derived from the solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation.


Three overflights of the Flevoland calibration/agricultural site were made by the JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) on 3, 12, and 28 July 1991 as part of MAC-Europe '92. A polygon map was generated at TNO-FEL which overlayed the slant range projected July 3 data set. Each polygon was identified by a sequence of points and a crop label. The polygon map was composed of 452 uniquely identified polygons and 15 different crop types. Analysis of the data was done using our modified Video Image Communication and Retrieval/Image Based Information System Geographic Information System (VICAR/IBIS GIS). This GIS is an extension of the VICAR/IBIS GIS first developed by Bryant in the 1970's which is itself an extension of the VICAR image processing system also developed at JPL.


The invention relates to a system and a method of third-party cloud security monitoring supporting user customization. The system comprises a monitoring interface, a third-party cloud platform monitoring resource library, a third-party monitoring server side and a cloud platform monitoring agent unit, wherein the monitoring interface is used for receiving information planned to monitor, which is submitted by a user, and delivering the monitoring information to the third-party cloud platform monitoring resource library; the third-party cloud platform monitoring resource library is used for receiving the monitoring information from the monitoring interface to carry out information matching, and delivering a cloud platform information matching result to the third-party monitoring server side; the third-party monitoring server side comprises an XML (Extensible Markup Language) monitoring file configuration module, a server monitoring agent module, a data processing module and an interface display module; the cloud platform monitoring agent unit is used for preprocessing the collected monitoring information and delivering the preprocessed monitoring information to the server monitoring agent module of the third-party monitoring server side.


Michael reactions of levoglucosenone (VI) and its halo derivatives (I) with α,ω-dinitroalkanes are examined under conditions of chemical and electrochemical generation of base.


This technical note is concerned with the problem of simultaneous design of observers and controllers for a class of piecewise-affine systems against signal quantization occurring in both measurement output and control input channels. The general scenario is considered that system state and estimated state may not be in the same operating region. By a novel quantization-error-dependent Lyapunov function, the stability and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\mathcal {H}_{\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance criteria are first established for the augmented system composed of a closed-loop control system and an estimation error system with the aid of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$</tex-math></inline-formula>-procedure involving the region partition information of the original system. Then, by the cone complementary linearization algorithm, the desired observer and controller gains are solved simultaneously such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}_{\infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance index. Finally, a networked single-link robot arm is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Spreading of high-flux electronics heat is a critical part of any packaging design. This need is particularly profound in advanced devices where the dissipated heat fluxes have been driven well over 100W/cm2 . To address this challenge, researchers at Raytheon, Thermacore and Purdue are engaged in the development and characterization of a low resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)-matched multi-chip vapor chamber heat spreader, which utilizes capillary driven two-phase heat transport. The vapor chamber technology under development overcomes the limitations of state-of-the-art approaches by combining scaled-down sintered Cu powder and nanostructured materials in the vapor chamber wick to achieve low thermal resistance. Cu-coated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes is the nanostructure of choice in this development. Unique design and construction techniques are employed to achieve CTE-matching with a variety of device and packaging materials in a low-profile form-factor. This paper describes the materials, design, construction and characterization of these vapor chambers. Results from experiments conducted using a unique high-heat flux capable 1DSS test facility are presented, exploring the effects of various microscopic wick configurations, CNT-functionalizations and fluid charges on thermal performance. The impacts of evaporator wick patterning, CNT evaporator functionalization and CNT condenser functionalization on performance are assessed and compared to monolithic Cu wick configurations. Thermal performance is explained as a function of applied heat flux and temperature through the identification of dominant component thermal resistances and heat transfer mechanisms. Finally, thermal performance results are compared to an equivalent solid conductor heat spreader, demonstrating a >40% reduction in thermal resistance. These results indicate great promise for the use of such novel vapor chamber technology in thickness-constrained high heat flux device packaging applications.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In this article, we investigate the synthesis of a (possibly nondeterministic) supervisor, with partial information, such that the controlled nondeterministic plant is bisimulation equivalent to a nondeterministic specification. We derive a new necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a supervisor and provide an algorithm for the supervisor construction when one exists. The algorithm is exponential in the size of the plant and specification, a substantial improvement over the double exponential cost from exhaustive search. We show that the cases of complete information and deterministic control are special cases of the presented theory.


We report a case of indinavir nephrolithiasis that mimicked urothelial malignancy; this highlights the subtleties of antiretroviral therapy and the need for close monitoring of patients on these drugs. The interactions of indinavir with the urinary tract


From Abstract: This report describes the kinematics of the Aspen Grove landslide of Ephraim Canyon in central Utah that moved during the spring and summer months of 1983-86.


Butterfly diagrams (latitude–time plots) of coronal emission show a zone of enhanced brightness that appears near the poles just after solar maximum and migrates toward lower latitudes; a bifurcation seems to occur at sunspot minimum, with one branch continuing to migrate equatorward with the sunspots of the new cycle and the other branch heading back to the poles. The resulting patterns have been likened to those seen in torsional oscillations and have been taken as evidence for an extended solar cycle lasting over ∼17 yr. In order to clarify the nature of the overlapping bands of coronal emission, we construct butterfly diagrams from green-line simulations covering the period 1967–2009 and from 19.5 nm and 30.4 nm observations taken with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope during 1996–2009. As anticipated from earlier studies, we find that the high-latitude enhancements mark the footpoint areas of closed loops with one end rooted outside the evolving boundaries of the polar coronal holes. The strong underlying fields were built up over the declining phase of the cycle through the poleward transport of active-region flux by the surface meridional flow. Rather than being a precursor of the new-cycle sunspot activity zone, the high-latitude emission forms a physically distinct, U-shaped band that curves upward again as active-region fields emerge at midlatitudes and reconnect with the receding polar-hole boundaries. We conclude that the so-called extended cycle in coronal emission is a manifestation not of early new-cycle activity, but of the poleward concentration of old-cycle trailing-polarity flux by meridional flow.


The effects of seven alloying elements (Co, Cr, Mo, Re, Ru, Ta, and W) on the Ni-vacancy diffusion behavior and the rupture strength of γ-Ni/γ′-Ni3Al interfaces are studied using density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that all seven solutes prefer to occupy Al sites close to or Ni sites far from the interface. These solutes except for Co could significantly increase the barrier of Ni-vacancy diffusion within the γ/γ′ interface region. The retarding effects are similar when solutes are located at their favored Al and Ni sites, which follows the sequence of Ta > W > Mo > Re > Ru > Cr > Co. Besides, it is found that the presence of solute atoms could always increase the rupture strength of their neighboring interface but reduce that of their next neighboring interface. The best strengthening effects on the neighboring interface are achieved by Re and W. In terms of the entire interface region, alloying at the favored Al site brings a better strengthening effect than that at the favored Ni site. The charge density difference analysis demonstrates that the charge accumulation level at the interface explains the variable strengthening effects among different alloying elements.


Broadband and efficient second harmonic generation in periodically poled potassium niobate (PPKN) for ultra-fast pulse doubling have been theoretically investigated. Simultaneous group-velocity matching (GVM) and quasi-phase matching (QPM) have been achieved between the fundamental and the second harmonic waves by utilizing d31 and d32 components of nonlinear coefficient. Second harmonic bandwidths of 46 and 30 nm were calculated at the fundamental wavelengths 1505 and 1314 nm, respectively, with 10-mm interaction length. Proposed broadband interaction scheme can be useful for about 100-fs pulse doubling without temporal pulse broadening in the S and O-bands of telecommunication range.


Thin films of high‐quality silicon dioxide have been deposited at low temperatures by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A deposition rate much lower than that used in conventional plasma‐enhanced processes is found to be crucial in obtaining material with reproducible, good properties. Controlled, slow deposition is achieved by using very low flow rates of reactive gases, together with a much higher flow of inert carrier gas to ensure uniformity. Films deposited at usual high deposition rates (∼500 A/min) exhibit irreproducible and poor electrical properties and are porous. Those deposited slowly (∼60 A/min) have very reproducible properties, are relatively dense and exhibit very good electrical integrity. Oxides deposited using a substrate temperature of 350 °C compare favorably with those deposited at 700°C using atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapor deposition and can be deposited routinely over a wide range of oxide thickness. Deposition at 275 °C results in similar properties but with increase...


Introduction: Urban poor use many initiatives to survive before they reach a real dead end in life and pose fundamental risks to themselves and the host community. There is a variety of strategies used by poor households in Iran and the world with different consequences depending on the type and extent of use. Method: This descriptive and analytical study has investigated the factors affecting the selection of survival strategies among residents of disfunctional urban tissues (marginal section). Due to the nature of the subject, the data were obtained in two ways, including qualitative (sample size of 30 households) and quantitative (survey of 300 households living in this area). The collected data were analyzed qualitatively based on the content analysis (according to Brown and Clark'S framework) and quantitatively in the form of logistic regression. Findings: The results showed that although the number of households that choose risky strategies is small, around 10%, the same number is very important and fundamental considering the border situation of the city in question and its cultural and social conditions. Quantitative investigations also show that households with little social capital are twice as likely to choose high-risk strategies as those who use social capital. Discussion: The development of social capital among the poor not only prevents them from remaining in this cycle but also helps them consider strategies that have the least social, family, and individual consequences even if they enter the cycle of poverty. To strengthen social capital, it is necessary to form cultural associations and connections among the inhabitants of disfunctional urban contexts.


Insect pests are one of the main threats to the commercially important crops. An effective insect pest recognition method can avoid economic losses. In this paper, we proposed a new and simple structure based on the original residual block and named as feature reuse residual block which combines feature from the input signal of a residual block with the residual signal. In each feature reuse residual block, it enhances the capacity of representation by learning half and reuse half feature. By stacking the feature reuse residual block, we obtained the feature reuse residual network (FR-ResNet) and evaluated the performance on IP102 benchmark dataset. The experimental results showed that FR-ResNet can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of insect pest classification. Moreover, to demonstrate the adaptive of our approach, we applied it to various kinds of residual networks, including ResNet, Pre-ResNet, and WRN, and we tested the performance on a series of benchmark datasets: CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN. The experimental results showed that the performance can be improved obviously than original networks. Based on these experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, and IP102 benchmark datasets, it demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.


The genetic susceptibility to orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation remains poorly understood. The association between polymorphisms of beta‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) genes and orthostatic blood pressure dysregulation in hypertensive patients was investigated. Two polymorphisms of β1‐AR (Arg389/Gly) and β2‐AR (Arg16/Gly) were genotyped in untreated hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. In patients with untreated hypertension, the frequency of β1‐AR Gly389 homozygote was significantly higher in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) (P<.0001) and lower in patients with orthostatic hypertension (OHT) (P=.002) as compared with patients with orthostatic normotension (ONT) even after Bonferroni correction. After analysis by sex and adjustment for conventional risk factors, the β1‐AR Gly389 homozygote conferred about a 3‐fold risk of OH and independently predicted a 6.5 mm Hg greater orthostatic SBP decrease (GG −8.9±13 mm Hg vs CC+CG −2.4±12 mm Hg, P<.001) only in female hypertensive patients. The association of β2‐AR Arg16/Gly with OH was not significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors. In normotensive patients, no association was identified between these two polymorphisms and OHT or OH. These results indicated that the β1‐AR Arg389/Gly polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of OH in female hypertensive patients.


In the design of multidisciplinary complex products, model-based systems engineering methods are widely used. However, the methodologies only contain only modeling order and simple analysis steps, and lack integrated design analysis methods supporting the whole process. In order to solve the problem, a conceptual design analysis method with integrating modern design methods has been proposed. First, based on the requirement analysis of the quantization matrix, the user's needs are quantitatively evaluated and translated to system requirements. Then, by the function decomposition of the function knowledge base, the total function is semi-automatically decomposed into the predefined atomic function. The function is matched into predefined structure through the behaviour layer using function-structure mapping based on the interface matching. Finally based on design structure matrix (DSM), the structure reorganization is completed. The process of analysis is implemented with SysML, and illustrated through an aircraft air conditioning system for the system validation.


Abstract Parallel structure robots have been receiving growing attention from both academia and industry in recent years. This is due to their advantages over serial structure robots, such as high stiffness, high motion accuracy and a high load-structure ratio. Control of parallel robots, however, produces difficulties to control engineers due to the modelling errors arising from the highly non-linear and complex structures. This paper proposes a dual-model-based structure for error attenuation in the trajectory-tracking control of a parallel robot manipulator. In this design, a conventional model-based control algorithm employing an estimated robot dynamic model is first implemented in the inner loop of the control structure. Then, in order to reduce the unwanted effects caused by modelling erros, another model-based structure, developed based on the concept of the internal model control, is appended in the outer loop of the control structure as a compensator. A combination of these two model-based components results in a novel dual-model-based structure for parallel robot control. Sensitivity analyses show that the effects due to modelling errors and external disturbances can be significantly reduced by applying this new control structure without relying on a high-gain control solution. The effectiveness of this control design is successfully demonstrated by numerical studies on a planar parallel robot with 2 degrees of freedom.


At present,the insurance bilks by taking advantage of traffic accidents take place repeatedly and rampantly.The misconducts not only infract the national,collective and individual properties,and tamper with road traffic order,but also hamper public safety,gravely endangering public order.So we shall strengthen traffic policing,work together with many other departments,establish new type of preventive and control mechanism,reduce and contain the insurance bilks,maintain the safe,smooth and orderly traffic surrounding and the honest and law-abiding peace situation.


IMO developed e-navigation implementation plan which is a new paradigm of vessel safety navigation using harmonized information technology. S-100 standard for electronic navigational chart is also adopted as one of e-navigation strategies. In S-100 framework, not only geographic features of electronic chart but every safety related objects can be expressed by UML so that can be provided by web services. This paper research to test S-100 web service for casualty information. It is processed by modeling with UML, converting XML document by XML schema. Finally, the XML data is represented by web-based application.


The education system is a key element in the progress or degradation of the country's population and economy. Formed in the present education system of Russia according to the Bologna models and the patterns aimed at stupefying the total population, a sharp decline of scientific progress in social production and increased dependence on foreign manufacturers and managers of the domestic financial and resource wealth. The way out of this deadlock circle of problems is in the revival of the advanced positions of the former soviet education system on a qualitatively new scientific basis, theory and system-holistic methodology, providing a full knowledge of the phenomena of nature and society in conditions of certainty. Existing methodologies of partial cognition in conditions of high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of representation are based on outdated and inadequate theories.
System-holistic interdisciplinary methodology is characterized by a set of necessary and sufficient for objective and complete knowledge of the conceptual tools that allow you to accurately, fully and adequately understand the socio-economic processes, to lead the knowledge immediately from the general to the specific, thereby reducing the multiple time and resources for the process of knowledge. It is based on a qualitatively new scientific basis, objective theory, uses objective units of dimensions of physical quantities (kWh and the like), takes into account in the knowledge and management of the action of an expanded set of universal and socio-economic laws of human development-society in nature. A deeper analysis of the set of laws allowed us to identify the main goal of human development-society and the main socio-economic forms of manifestation of the laws: useful costs-results, useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. There are no other socio-economic forms of human activity. Therefore, the main goal of human development-society in nature is to increase the share of useful and reduce the share of useless, harmful, loss of cost-results in the structure of the budget of social time. This is the basis for the preservation of civilization on Earth. The technique, technology, organization, education system used serve only as forms of manifestation of life that contribute to or hinder the progress of mankind. The implementation of the Second industrialization of Russia is aimed at a radical solution to the ever-increasing complex of internal and external problems in modern conditions. A key element of the successful implementation of this large-scale strategic program is the immediate introduction of a fundamentally new education system that ensures high rates of economic growth and well-being of the entire population of Russia.


The research about animal species of mini zoo of Jantho, Aceh Besar subdistric had been conducted from 21 to 24 January 2010. This research purpose was to investigate animal species in mini zoo of Jantho as biology learning support. Expedition was chosen as a method in this research by direct observation to the location. The result showed that there are 11 species animals consisting of eagle (Accipiter fasciatur), bintarung (Arctictis bintarung), red cat (Felis badia), landak (Hystrix brachura), honey bear (Hylarcstors malayanus), crocodile (Crocodiles porosus), rusa sambar (Cervus unicolor), mawas (Pongo abelli), beruk (Macaca nemestrina), ular sanca (Python reticulates), kukang (Nycticebus caucang). The existence of mini zoo and the animals inside could support biology learning process.


Although imagination has been recognized as essential to entrepreneuring, the processes by which entrepreneurs imagine and generate novelty remain insufficiently understood. To begin addressing this oversight, we propose a rhizomatic process model of entrepreneurial imagining that comprises five elements: experiencing, early creating, reaching an impasse and gestating, (re)creating and evaluating imagined futures, and choosing and enterprising. To generate this dynamic process model, we undertook an abductive, 25-month case study, guided by enactive research, to investigate how a small team of arts entrepreneurs created the world's largest traveling carillon. Our primary contribution is to offer new theoretical insights into entrepreneurial imagining as a complex, situated, relational performance that unfolds through conscious and unconscious, self-reflective and embodied processes.


January 23rd and was painful; the first crop of generalized eruption came on January 25th; it itched, and the patient states that the feeling is quite different. Within the last three years I have had two distinct cases in which an adult has had herpes zoster and a child contact has developed varicella just over two weeks later-in one case a man and his little nieoe, in the other a mother and her son and his little friend who was staying in the house at the time of the eruption of the herpes zoster and left a few days after; both children had the eruption at the same tilmie. To my mind these three coincidences establish the relation of the diseases. The age of the patient whose case is described above is also of interest. Herne Bay. R. C. T. EVANS, M.B., B.S.


We propose and extension of the tableau-based first-order automated theorem prover Zenon Modulo to polarized rewriting. We introduce the framework and explain the potential benefits. The first target is an industrial benchmark composed of B Set Theory problems.


Formulation of the problem. The environmental parameters of precipitation in the city often differ from the background values and require the special observations program. The existing state monitoring system does not reflect the spatial differentiation of such parameters in urban areas, so it needs to be improved.

The purpose of the article: to find out the features of organization and implementation of rainfall environmental monitoring in urban areas, with the justification of the main parameters of observation and spatial placement of network points.

Methods. The main results are based on the authors' experience in own observations on the amount, acidity and mineralization of precipitation in several quarters of Lutsk during 2015-2018.

Results. Own observations and mapping of individual parameters of atmospheric precipitation in the city allowed to reveal the dependence of the indexes of acidity and mineralization on the amount of precipitation, air pollution, directions of air inflow, temperature, etc. The spatial differentiation of these indicators in the city is significant (the amplitude can reach up to 0.9 units of pH and 15-17 ppm of tds) and is related to the distribution of anthropogenic emissions and some microclimatic differences.

Therefore, by organization the system of ecological monitoring of precipitation in the city it is necessary to focus on the definition of such basic parameters: pH, total mineralization, amount of precipitation, and also concomitant: water and air temperature, direction of airflows, carbon dioxide concentration, duration of the previous rainless period, etc.

To select the representative locations for the control of precipitation in the city, it is necessary to analyze the following indicators: direction of prevailing winds, landscape and geomorphological features, the proximity of the most sources of anthropogenic contamination, building types etc. In this case, the minimum monitoring scheme should include such control points: the near and far outskirts (in relation to the arrival of prevailing air masses), the leeward sides of large industrial zones or transport interchanges, the largest green zone, area near the city water body, and several points (1-3) in residential areas.

Scientific novelty and practical significance. The main parameters and principles of the spatial organization of environmental monitoring of rainwater in the city are identified. The algorithm for creation such network has been tested in Lutsk and can be used for realization in other cities. Automation of similar measurements based on microcontrollers will to create quality non-state monitoring networks with the display of data in real time.


We agree with Brugha and colleagues that the field of psychiatric epidemiology poses particular challenges to systematic reviewers.[1][1] Heterogeneity between studies may arise from differences in outcomes and it is certainly true that psychiatry still lacks 'biologically based gold standards'


This paper describes the development of railway stations which are accessible to visually impaired travellers. Traditional provision consisted of tactile guideways and special signs. As the success of the accessibility policy was seen to depend on customer acceptance, visually impaired customers were involved in testing an advanced information system, where guiding is broadcast continually by infra-red waves and the customer uses a personal loudspeaker or headphones to hear the information. One system was accepted for Utrecht Central Station. It is seen as important that international agreement on provision should be reached so that customers can benefit from a consistent international information system.


In this paper, by using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, a sufficient condition of existence of positive periodic solutions is obtained for an stage-structured three-species predator–prey system with Beddington–DeAngelis and Holling IV functional response. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, the uniqueness and global attractivity of the positive periodic solution are presented. Our result is a good complement to the earlier publications.


This paper is concerned with the problem of modelization of a radiative shock in atomic and molecular gas of hydrogen. The temperature (500-5000 K) and the density (10 −8 -10 −14 g cm −3 ) lie in the ranges found in cool pulsating stars (W Virginis, RV Tauri and Mira stars). In this work we include the first excited level of the hydrogen atom and, consequently, both the Balmer continuum and the Lyman-α line. The consequences of the introduction of a three-level atom are investigated.


Objective
To investigate the curative effect of pramipexole combined with madopar in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and the influence on blood uric acid and inflammatory factors of patients.

Methods
A total of 120 patients with Parkinson's disease who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from October 2015 to October 2017 were randomly divided into the observation group (n=60) and the control group (n=60). The control group was treated with madopar, while the observation group was treated with pramipexole combined with madopar. The clinical curative effect after 3 months of treatment, scores of the the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and the quality of life scale (QOL-2) before and after treatment, changes in levels of blood uric acid and inflammatory factors before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

Results
The total response rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.00% vs. 80.00%), P 0.05). Scores of QOL-2 of each group were significantly increased, while scores of UPDRS were significantly decreased after treatment. Scores of QOL-2 of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while scores of UPDRS were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Pramexole combined with Madopar in the treatment of Parkinson's disease can significantly improve the clinical curative effect, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, inhibit the degree of uric acid decline, relieve the disease, improve quality of life, and reduce adverse reactions.

Key words:
Parkinson's disease; Pramipexole; Madopar; Blood uric acid; Inflammatory factor


Irreverence and the Sacred brings together some of the most cutting-edge, interdisciplinary, and international scholars working today to debate key issues in the critical and comparative study of religion. The project is inspired in large part by the work of Bruce Lincoln, whose influential and wide-ranging scholarship has consistently posed challenging, provocative, and often irreverent questions that have really pushed the boundaries of the field of religious studies in important, sometimes controversial ways. Retracing the history of the discipline of religious studies, Lincoln argues that the field has consistently championed a "validating, feel-good" approach to religion rather than posing more critical questions about religious claims to authority and their role in history, politics, and social change. A critical approach to the history of religions, he suggests, would focus on the human, temporal, and material aspects of phenomena that are claimed to have a superhuman, eternal, or transcendent status. This volume takes up Lincoln's challenge to "do better" by engaging in critical analyses of four key themes in the study of religion: myth, ritual, gender, and politics. A reflexive volume, the book also interrogates the "politics of scholarship" itself, critically examining the relations of power and material interests at work in the study as well as the practice of religion. The scholars involved in this project include not only some of the most important figures in the American study of religion—such as Wendy Doniger, Russell McCutcheon, Ivan Strenski, and Lincoln himself—but also European scholars whose work is hugely influential overseas but not well known in the United States—such as Stefan Arvidsson, Claude Calame, Nicolas Meylan, and others.


Technology plays an increasingly important role in the education of children with disabilities. Advances in tactile interfacing devices—most commonly seen in tablet computers, such as the iPad—have allowed students on the autism spectrum to communicate and interact more easily with their peers. Educators can repurpose everyday technologies like online chat communication and cell phones to enrich student engagement without the stigma, which past devices specifically designed for students with disabilities usually carried.


This paper explores cultural production in online internationalised education. The analysis samples interactions in a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) unit offered online by an Australian university to a student group including enrolments through a Malaysian institution. Part of the curricular content was a consideration of how different cultural contexts shape management practices. The analysis highlights moments where ethnic/national cultures or cultural differences were invoked in texts to enrich this curriculum by design. In this case study, such 'student subsidy' was actively encouraged as a vicarious asset made possible with the internationalised student group. To this end, small mixed groups for assessable online discussion were allocated to precipitate such cultural interchange. The analysis displays who voiced what claims about whose culture, the grounds for legitimating such claims, and the kinds of cultural categories thus produced. The discussion then reflects on the degrees of insulation typically produced between cultural categories and how this failed to reflect or engage with the students' interconnected worlds within the enterprise of online internationalised education.


The excessive growth of fatty tissue around atrophic organs has been described in humans as "hypertrophy ex vacuo". Since adipose tissue receives its blood supply from smaller branches of arteries which also supply organs or muscles, it has been suggested that increased amounts of blood could be diverted from the inactive organs to the surrounding fatty tissue and promote its growth. This theory was investigated, using rats and mice of different strains. One testis, the artery of which also supplies the epididymal fat pad, was removed, and the animals sacrificed 3‐4 weeks later. Growth of the affected fat pad in both rats and mice of normal body composition was significantly reduced. Removal of the testis in adult yellow‐obese mice during periods of weight gain produced a moderate but significant weight increase of the affected fat body.


Using wave kinetics, we estimate the emergence time-scale of gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates/Bose stars in the kinetic regime for a general multicomponent Schr\"{o}dinger-Poisson (SP) system. We identify some effects of the diffusion and friction pieces in the wave-kinetic Boltzmann equation (at leading order in perturbation theory) and provide estimates for the kinetic nucleation rate of condensates. We test our analysis using full $3+1$ dimensional simulations of multicomponent SP system. With an eye towards applications to multicomponent dark matter, we investigate two general cases in detail. First is a massive spin-$s$ field with $N=2s+1$ components (scalar $s=0$, vector $s=1$ and tensor $s=2$). We find that for a democratic population of different components, the condensation time-scale is $\tau_{(s)}\approx \tau_0\times N$, where $\tau_0$ is the condensation time scale for the scalar case. Second is the case of two scalars with different boson masses. In this case, we map-out how the condensation time depends on the ratios of their average mass densities and boson masses, revealing competition and assistance between components, and a guide towards which component condenses first. For instance, with $m_1<m_2$ and not too disparate mass densities, we verify that the time scale of condensation of the first species quickly becomes independent of $m_2/m_1$, whereas for equal average number densities, the emergence time scale decreases with increasing $m_2/m_1$.


In this note, we give an example to show that the prediction process may lost Markov property if the future of the process which generates the known past is not included in the future to be predicted.


A polarographic method for the determination of as little as 1 µg. of gold in blood and serum samples is described. The relative error is 2.1%. After the sample is dry ashed at 550°, the gold is extracted into ether as the chloride, to separate it from interfering copper and iron. A polarogram of the gold sample is obtained in 2 M potassium hydroxide. The method should be applicable to the determination of gold in other biological samples containing interfering elements.


AIM: To establish a quick,accurate,sensitive method for analysis of theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for antitussive and antiasthmastics by UPLC-MS. METHODS: The UPLC-MS/MS method was used.Electrospay ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive and negative ion mode.Theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations were identified. RESULTS: Both theophylline and prednisone acetate were found in formulations. CONCLUSION: The method is selective and sensitive and can be used to detect the theophylline,prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate illegally added into traditional Chinese medicinal preparations.


Aging in a two-dimensional Ising spin model with both ferromagnetic exchange and antiferromagnetic dipolar interactions is established and investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. The behaviour of the autocorrelation function $C(t,t_w)$ is analyzed for different values of the temperature, the waiting time $t_w$ and the quotient $\delta=J_0/J_d$, $J_0$ and $J_d$ being the strength of exchange and dipolar interactions respectively. Different behaviours are encountered for $C(t,t_w)$ at low temperatures as $\delta$ is varied. Our results show that, depending on the value of $\delta$, the dynamics of this non-disordered model is consistent either with a slow domain dynamics characteristic of ferromagnets or with an activated scenario, like that proposed for spin glasses.


Traditional optical fibers have been developed to achieve novel characteristics for both macro- and micro-applications. Inorganic optical waveguides using two-dimensional photonic crystals and silicon-on-insulator technology are examples of recent trends for macro- and micro-scale optical applications, respectively. As bio-photonics devices operate mostly with visible light, visible-transparent materials such as metal oxides and polymers are preferred as the guiding medium. Although polymers have tremendous potential because of their enormous variation in optical, chemical and mechanical properties, their application for optical waveguides is limited by conventional lithography. We present a non-optical lithographic technique, called two-polymer microtransfer molding, to fabricate polymer nano-waveguides, on-chip light sources and couplers. Micro-sources using quantum dots emitting red light (625nm) are successfully embedded in a waveguides array as the on-chip light sources. Fabrication of a grating coupler is also attempted for various external light sources including lasers and white light. We have quantified propagation losses of the waveguides using CCD photometry. The guiding loss is approximately 1.7dB/mm. We also demonstrated that the surface roughness of the fabricated waveguides can be reduced by chemical etching. We demonstrate that low cost, high yield, high fidelity, and tailorable fabrication of bio-photonic devices are achievable by the combination of the presented techniques.


We have performed positron lifetime experiments under monochromatic illumination in undoped semi-insulating GaAs. A negative vacancy, identified as the Ga vacancy, is observed in darkness. Illumination with 1.42 eV photons below 150 K reveals another type of vacancy, identified as the As vacancy. The As vacancy has a negative charge state above the ionization level at 50±5 meV below the conduction band. This level offers a microscopic explanation to the optical near-band-edge absorption. The concentrations of both Ga and As vacancies are between 10 15 and 10 16 cm -3


Hyaluronate could be labelled in vivo with [P2P]phosphate. [32P]UDP in an a-glycosidic linkage constituted the reducing end of membrane-bound hyaluronate. The UDP is liberated during further chain elongation, indicating that chain growth occurs at the reducing end. [3HlUridine could be incorporated into hyaluronate during synthesis on the isolated membraneous fraction from [3HIUDP-GlcNAc and [3HIUDP-GlcA, confirming the identification ofUDP as a constituent of membrane-bound hyaluronate. These results led to a model of hyaluronate chain elongation at the reducing end by alternate addition of the chains to the substrates. Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases


Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred method for administration of long-term enteral nutrition. However, due largely to the high acuity of the underlying disease among patients who receive PEG tubes, this procedure can be associated with a number of serious complications. The images above demonstrate some of these complications: Top left – Computed tomographic (CT) image showing a PEG tube inserted through the colon (i.e., gastro-colo-cutaneous passage); Top right – Same patient after the internal bumper of the PEG tube migrated out of the stomach and into the colon, with a tube study showing radiographic contrast in the descending colon (arrow); Bottom left – CT images showing tube migration and perforation of the second portion of the duodenum by a balloon-type PEG catheter; Bottom right – Buried bumper syndrome wherein the internal bumper of the PEG tube migrated into the subcutaneous tissues.


Mobile technologies are generating new business models for urban transport systems, as is evident from recent startups cropping up from the private sector. Public transport systems can make more use of mobile technologies than just for measuring system performance, improving boarding times, or for analyzing travel patterns. Unlike earlier studies on mobility credits, a new transaction model is proposed for public transport systems where travelers are allowed to pre-book their fares and trade that demand information to private firms. In this public-private partnership model, fare revenue management is outsourced to third party private firms such as big box retail or large planned events (such as sports stadiums and theme parks), who can issue electronic coupons to travelers to subsidize their fares. This e-coupon pricing model is analyzed using marginal cost theory and shown to be quite effective for monopolistic firm participation, particularly for demand responsive transit systems that feature high cost fares, non-commute travel purposes, and a closed access system with existing pre-booking requirements. However, oligopolistic scenarios analyzed using game theory and network economics suggest that public transport agencies need to take extreme care in planning and implementing such a policy. Otherwise, they risk pushing an equivalent tax on private firms or disrupting the urban economy and real estate values.


Sinosenecio jiuzhaigouensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Jiuzhaigou county in northwestern Sichuan province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to S. hederifolius and S. cyclaminifolius in having ovate-cordate leaf blade and solitary capitula, but differs by having swollen (vs. not swollen) rhizomes and smaller capitula (2–3 vs. 4–5 cm in diameter). Two floral micromorphological characters (configuration of filament collars and of anther endothecial cell wall thickenings), achene surface feature, and chromosome number of the new species are reported.


The HADES experiment at GSI has recently provided data on the flow coefficients $v_1,...,v_4$ for protons in Au+Au reactions at $E_{\rm lab} = 1.23$~$A$~GeV. This data allows to estimate the shear viscosity over entropy ratio, $\eta/s$ at low energies via a coarse graining analysis of the UrQMD transport simulations of the flow harmonics in comparison to the experimental data. By this we can provide for the first time an estimate of $\eta/s\approx2\pm0.4$ (or $25\pm5\,(4\pi)^{-1}$) at such low energies.


Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent, global phenomenon. The prevalence in heart failure (HF) patients and its effect on outcome are less clear. We evaluated vitamin D levels and vitamin D supplementation in patients with HF and its effect on mortality.


One of the intriguing problems in nonlinear unmanned aerial vehicle (NUAV) control using one of its linearized model based controllers at the inner loop is generating admissible control inputs for which the aircraft trajectories are confined to its stability region. It is an initial condition selection problem that is not necessarily applied at initial time but can be applied at any part of the flight duration where a bifurcation is needed, say, to avoid a collision with an obstacle. So, valid initial condition options at a given time instant can generate a stable constant speed maneuver tree that can be augmented to an existing autopilot and enhance autonomous characteristics at the decision points where changes in flight path directions are needed. In this paper, a procedure to select these initial conditions is presented. The time response bounds of the NUAV in its stability regions are developed. Both zero input response without pilot inputs and total response with pilot inputs and initial conditions are analyzed. A three degree of freedom NUAV in pitch plane is considered to illustrate the hierarchical initial conditions for which the time responses are bounded.


The invention discloses a device for preventing a film from being secretly filmed, the device comprising an infrared laser (2), an electric actuated piece (3). The infrared laser (2) fixed on the electric actuated piece (3) is used for emitting infrared lights to a screen (4). The electric actuated piece (3) is used for making the infrared lights emitted by the infrared laser (2) fixed on the electric actuated piece (3) generate deviation according to a received drive signal action. The method for preventing film from being secretly filmed comprises the following steps: a) using the infrared laser (2) to emit the infrared lights to the screen (4), the infrared laser (2) being fixed on the electric actuated piece (3); and b) driving the electric actuated piece (3) to operate, so as to make the infrared lights emitted by the infrared laser (2) fixed on the electric actuated piece (3) generate deviation. With the device and the method for preventing the film from being secretly filmed, piracy and secrete filming can be effectively prevented with high security and low cost.


An optical monitoring system for the welding process has been developed; it is based on the study of the optical emission of the welding plasma plume, created during the welding of stainless steels and other iron-based materials. In the first approach a continuous wave CO2 laser of 2500-Watt maximum power, available at the INFM Research Unit labs in Bari University, has been used as welding source. A detailed spectroscopic study of the visible and UV welding plasma emission has been carried out; many transition lines corresponding to the elements composing the material to be welded have been found. By means of an appropriate selection of these lines and suitable algorithms, the electronic temperature of the plasma plume has been calculated and its evolution recorded as a function of several welding parameters. The behavior of the registered signal has resulted to be correlated to the welded joint quality. These findings have allowed to design and assemble a portable, non-intrusive and real-time welding quality optical sensor which has been successfully tested for laser welding of metals in different geometrical configurations; it has been capable of detecting a wide range of weld defects normally occurring during industrial laser metal-working. This sensor has also been tested in arc welding industrial processes (TIG) with promising results.


Traditionally, database management systems have been associated with high‐cost, high‐quality functionalities. That is, powerful capabilities are provided, but only in response to careful design, procurement, deployment and administration. This has been successful in many contexts, but in an environment in which data are available in increasing quantities under the management of a growing collection of distributed applications, and where effective use of available data often provides a competitive edge, there is a requirement for various benefits of a comprehensive data management infrastructure to be made available with rather fewer of the costs. If this requirement is to be met, automation will need to be deployed much more widely and systematically in data management platforms. This paper reviews recent results on autonomic data management, makes a case that current practice presents significant opportunities for further development and argues that comprehensive support for automation should be central to future data management infrastructures, whether centralized or distributed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A saccular superior vena cava aneurysm is a rare venous aneurysm that presents as mediastinal mass lesions. An evaluation using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography is indispensable for the diagnosis.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the claim by the Chief Medical Officer for England that "There is virtually no robust, peer-reviewed evidence to support a 'well-being' approach to mental health". Design/methodology/approach – Secondary research using research literature from two widely available databases, Scopus and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts. Randomised controlled trials were sought that focused on "well-being" (including well-being or wellness), from 2004 to the present. Findings – With both clinical samples and non-clinical populations, a variety of experimental trials were found. Studies were identified with both positive benefits and no benefits from intervention. The most numerous type of paper reported positive benefits for clinical patients. Research limitations/implications – Only a single reader classified the studies in this investigation, so the inter-rater reliability may be limited. Only two databases were searched. However, future work (such as that i...


The Economic Theory of German neoliberalism comprises a certain conglomerate of an absolutely free choice of selecting an economic system on the one hand and a definite determination of the economic policy that results of this choice on the other; this conglomerate prevented the theory of neoliberalism to become a valid theory of economic policy. The former German neoliberalism reduces the categories of aims and means to the choice of the economic system, an unhistorical approach, because such a choice never happened at all. But such an approach enabled the neoliberal authors to reduce any economic policy to only conservate the market system. Even the modern approach of separating qualitative and quantitative policies pursues the same intentions: although indefensible positions vanished under the impression of Keynesian theories, nevertheless the definition of a genuine qualitative policy implicates that the latter has the function of conservating the market system. This distinction of qualitative and quantitative policy has another meaning than in the system of Tinbergen. Since the criteria of separation are ambiguous, even the modern approaches of German neoliberal economic policies remain inadequate compared with the modern theory of economic policy a la Tinbergen.


The era immediately following World War I was tumultuous for African American communities, with its widespread backlash against black American soldiers, urban antiblack violence and riots, and lynching. The black press, which conveyed the communities' sense of anxiety and grievance, was critical to the formation and maintenance of a radical black counterpublic—a formation that operated outside the mainstream public sphere. While some black publications stayed on the margins of radical politics, this chapter shows that others embraced more militant ideas and strategies. Socialism and the Communist Party held special sway for some African Americans seeking a way out of their social, economic, and political isolation. A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, who founded The Messenger in New York in 1917, supported woman suffrage and promised to help women make the most profitable and desirable use of the ballot. The Messenger's editors viewed black women's suffrage as part of a larger political and social transformation that would give the masses a voice and equal opportunity. W. E. B. Du Bois also articulated strong "profeminist" politics in the pages of The Crisis, promoting women's suffrage as a key element in the quest for black liberation.


The contribution focuses on the notion solidarity in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), noting examples of deficits and lack of solidarity in practice, with a particular emphasis on the events in the course of and following the mass arrival of migrants to Europe since 2014. It analyses the possibilities to invoke solidarity in the present system (such as the earlywarning mechanism as part of the Dublin system, the Temporary Protection Directive and provisional measures in situations of emergency based on Article 78 (3) TFEU). In order to illustrate what would be required to improve solidarity in practice, the term solidarity is interpreted. Though the notion is frequently used, it is neither defined in public international law treaties, nor in EU law. The interpretation of the word solidarity shows that it means working together, sharing responsibilities and duties, and also comprises that positive effects of actions based on solidarity are shared in the community. It is a value, a concept and a legal principle, which requires acting together in order to reach common aims. The contribution continues with an analysis of the possibilities to invoke solidarity in the reform of the CEAS.


We believe that one of the most important tasks of education is to establish an organic relationship between family, school, community/society and self-learning in educating a human being as a citizen. In this article an attempt is made to use the concept of triangular pyramid in elementary geometry to illustrate this relationship, emphasizing the fourth element, which is selflearning. These four elements form a quadrilateral in the plane/two-dimensional space, or rather a tetrahedron or a triangular pyramid in three-dimensional space. In fact, all these four elements, their roles and the relationships between them in the process of education and training, and the formation of a man, a citizen, have been studied since ancient time both in Viet Nam and overseas. What is new here may be that the diagram indicating the relationship is illustrated by elementary geometry, specifically by "educational triangular pyramid". The main idea of this article is derived from [5].


Graphene has many advantages such as high optical transmittance, low resistance, adjustable work function and stable physical and chemical properties. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have unique optical properties and excellent electronic conductivity. GQDs can effectively prolong the lifetime of carriers and increase the quantum yield. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) solution was prepared by ultrasonic method, and GQDs were prepared by one-step hydrothermal reaction which used graphene oxide slurry as raw material. The particle size of GQDs is 8~10 nm. Incorporation of RGO and GQDs into the active layer or the electron transport layer (ETL) resulted in good efficiency enhancement of the performance of ZnO-based inverted PTB7:PC71BM polymer solar cells (PSCs). The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs is up to 3.89% when the doping amount of RGO is 10 wt. %. Addition of GQDs to active layer resulted in 8% efficiency enhancement from 3.20% to 3.46%. Addition of GQDs to ZnO ETL led to a more remarkable 25% efficiency enhancement, and PCE reached 4.02%. The Au NPs and GQDs co-doping in ZnO ETL caused a synergistic effect in improving the photovoltaic performance, producing a PCE of 4.23%, which is a 32.19% enhancement with respect to a pure ZnO ETL based device.


INTRODUCTION: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is characterized by TET2, SRSF2, ASXL1 and RAS pathway mutations known to induce myelomonocytic bias. We have previously shown that upregulation of KDM6B, a histone demethylase that acts as an innate immune signal activator, leads to myeloid bias and expansion of immature myelomonocytic precursors and LSK cells in mice, resulting in rapid development of a myeloproliferative CMML (MP-CMML) phenotype particularly in cooperation with TET2 deletion. However, the role of genes involved in innate immunity regulation and monocyte differentiation in CMML phenotype and outcomes remains unclear.
 METHODS: We evaluated bone marrow aspirates from 19 patients with CMML and compared their transcriptomic features to those of healthy individuals obtained from AllCells (Emeryville, CA). CD34+ cells were isolated using the CD34 MicroBead Kit and RNA was isolated using the PicoPure RNA isolation kit. Fastq files were mapped to the human genome (build GRCh38) in TopHat2 using the default options. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using DESeq2 in R version 3.4.2. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using gene set enrichment analysis, with the fgsea library in R. Genes were ranked according to their Spearman correlation with the gene of interest, and this ranking was used as the input to fgsea. 10 000 gene permutations were used to calculate statistical significance, and a false discovery corrected p-value of 0.05 was required for statistical significance of a gene set. Cox regression and time ROC curves were used to study the relationship between gene expression and survival. We implemented Kaplan-Meier estimator along with optimum cutoff method to show the survival behavior in high versus low predicted model groups.
 RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, a total of 1495 genes had significantly differential expression in CMML (q<0.05, FC>2) including 1271 genes which were significantly upregulated, and 224 which were significantly downregulated in CMML (Figure 1A). Gene set enrichment analysis identified 162 gene sets with differential expression in CMML compared to control (q<0.05). Top upregulated genes were associated with interferon (IFN) alpha and beta signaling, chemokine receptors, IFN-gamma, GPC receptor ligand signaling and genes involved in immunomodulatory interactions between lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells (Figure 1B). Unsupervised clustering of gene expression profiles did not discriminate MP-CMML from myelodysplastic (MD-CMML). However, 20 genes were significantly overexpressed and 16 were significantly downregulated in patients with MP-CMML compared to MD-CMML (q<0.05, FC>2). In addition, 6 gene sets were differentially upregulated and 139 were significantly downregulated in pts with MP-CMML compared to MD-CMML (Figure 1C). To evaluate aberrant monopoiesis in CMML, we compared the expression of genes reported to be involved in regulation of monopoiesis among healthy controls and patients with CMML. A total of 23 genes involved in regulation of monopoiesis were found to be upregulated in CMML (Figure 1D). No significant differences in expression of these genes was found between MP-CMML and MD-CMML. To determine if aberrant expression of genes involved in monopoiesis influenced outcomes of pts with CMML, we developed a prediction model using Cox regression including 18 of these genes. Use of this model with optimum cutoffs allowed segregation of pts into two prognostic subsets with distinct survival outcomes (Figure 1E). Use of ROC curves identified high AUC particularly in pts with prolonged survival (>40 months).
 CONCLUSIONS: CMML is characterized by upregulation of IFN and chemokine receptor signaling which could represent potential therapeutic targets. Aberrant expression of genes involved in regulation of monopoiesis may influence prognosis in CMML.
 Figure

 Sasaki: Otsuka: Honoraria; Pfizer Japan: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kantarjian:Sanofi: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Immunogen: Research Funding; Actinium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Ascentage: Research Funding; Adaptive biotechnologies: Honoraria; Aptitute Health: Honoraria; BioAscend: Honoraria; Delta Fly: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Oxford Biomedical: Honoraria; Jazz: Research Funding. Garcia-Manero:AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Acceleron Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Helsinn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


The Raman spectra in the region of the O-H stretching vibration band are used to investigate the effect of lanthanide (III) ions on liquid water structure in concentrated aqueous solutions of CeCl3 and GdCl3 (C∼0.5÷3 M). The differential spectra, derived from the consequent Raman spectra, have reflected the substantial discrepancy between the spectra of lanthanide (III) salt solutions and pure water as well as the spectra of standard LiCl (C∼1.5÷9M) solutions. The new sharp bands (vmax ∼ 3180÷3190 cm−1) and (vmax∼3360 cm−1), observed in the differential spectra, are assumed to two types of aqua-ions: Ln3+[H2O]mH2On and Ln3+[H2O]mClp− having a difference in the 2nd coordination sphere. The discrepancy, observed in the spectra of the equmolar CeCl3 and GdCl3 aqueous solutions, is interpreted as a result of the different hydration numbers and ion radiuses of Ce3+aq and Gd3+aq.


Abstract We distinguish between horizontal and vertical joint ventures, and find correspondingly different valuation effects. Horizontal joint ventures create synergistic gains that are shared by the partners. In contrast, vertical joint ventures generate gains only for suppliers. This is similar to the patter we find for simple contracts, which suggests economic similiarities between vertical joint ventures and contracts. Analysing firms' choices between these contracting options, we find that firms choose vertical joint ventures over simple contracts when potential hold-up problems are severe and when suppliers face finance constraints. The results d not support a risk-sharing motive for joint ventures.


First published in 1972, Jeffrey Race9s War Comes to Long An has never gone out of print. It has now been republished in an updated and expanded edition. While highly regarded among Southeast Asianists as a classic account of communist success in winning control of a strategic province in the Mekong Delta from the government of the Republic of Vietnam, War Comes to Long An is also a work of innovative social science. Attention to the book9s long ignored social science and to the rational-choice foundations of its analysis opens up new perspectives on the "Scott-Popkin debate." It suggests the need for reconsideration of the value of rational-choice approaches to the study not only of Southeast Asian politics but also of the modern history of the region, to which War Comes to Long An speaks in previously overlooked ways.


The invention relates generally to the field of energy generation, energy supply, and energy management. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for operating an entire energy supply network (EV), wherein energy generation is decentralised. Said energy supply network (EV) has three supply levels (VE1, VE2, VE3), wherein energy is generated in each supply level (VE1, VE2, VE3) and is fed into the particular supply level. Each of the three supply levels (VE1, VE2, VE3) is considered an independent control unit (RE1, RE2, RE3) that can be connected or disconnected by means of interfaces between the control units (RE1, RE2, RE3) as needed. An operator region (TS, DS, LVS) is associated with each of the control units (RE1, RE2, RE3), in which operator region an energy feed-in and an energy consumption for the respective associated control unit (RE1, RE2, RE3) are combined and controlled. An exchange of energy amounts (E) between the control units (RE1, RE2, RE3) is then controlled, for example in a demand-oriented manner, by the respective operator areas (TS, DS, LVS) via the interfaces between associated control units (RE1, RE2, RE3) by means of the control of parameters defined between said control units (RE1, RE2, RE3), whereby the entire energy supply network can be dynamically controlled in a simple manner.


A novel modularity-based user-centric (MUC) clustering is conceived for resource allocation in ultra dense networks (UDNs), in order to maximize the sum-rate per orthogonal resource block. The idea of MUC clustering is to decompose the UDN into several sub-networks by exploiting the inherent group structure of user equipments. In particular, we propose a modified Louvain method for MUC clustering relying on efficient resource allocation heuristics. Our numerical results show the superiority of our MUC design.


CLC5 is an intracellular chloride channel of unknown function, expressed in the renal proximal tubule. The subcellular localization and function of CLC5 were investigated in the LLC-PK1 porcine proximal tubule cell line. We cloned a cDNA for the porcine CLC5 ortholog (pCLC5) that is predicted to encode an 83-kDa protein with 97% amino acid sequence identity to rat and human CLC5. By immunofluorescence, pCLC5 was localized to early endosomes of the apical membrane fluid-phase endocytotic pathway and to the Golgi complex. Xenopus oocytes injected with pCLC5 cRNA exhibited outwardly rectifying whole cell currents with a relative conductance profile (nitrate ≫ Cl− ≈ Br− > I− > acetate > gluconate) different from that of control oocytes. Acidification of the extracellular medium reversibly inhibited this outward current with a pK a of 6.0 and a Hill coefficient of 1. Overexpression of CLC5 in LLC-PK1 cells resulted in morphological changes, including loss of cell-cell contacts and the appearance of multiple prominent vesicles. These findings are consistent with a potential role for CLC5 in the acidification of membrane compartments of both the endocytic and the exocytic pathway and suggest that its function may be important for normal intercellular adhesion and vesicular trafficking.


Phytochemical analysis of eight plants in Indonesia such as Blume (Meliaceae), Xylocarpus moluccencis (Rhizophoraceae), Rhizophora stylosa Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lamk. (Rhizophoraceae), and investigated. A phytochemical analysis for the detection of saponins and flavonoids, was performed using standard procedures. Hexane, chloroform, and methanol were used as solvents. Bioactive ingredient such as plant parts tested. Saponin was not de Lour.


In this study, we measured spin polarization of electrons field-emitted from a topological antiferromagnetic Cr(001) surface, which is expected to generate a high and stable spin-polarized electron beam. When the Cr thin film deposited on a W<;001> tip was thicker than 20 nm, the spin polarization of the field-emitted electrons reached 50%. Furthermore, the magnitude and direction of the spin polarization were stable for 90 min. These results indicate that topological antiferromagnetic material is more effective than common ferromagnets as the cathode material of spin-polarized field emitters to achieve high and stable spin polarization.


An enhanced version of aggressive location restoration is presented in this paper. In this proposal, radio resources would be saved based on the cost of wire signal and operation of location databases. A mobile communication system's robustness in case of a location-database failure is improved without the need for periodic location update operations. Meanwhile, a chain of forwarding location pointers has been used during the period of HLR failure. So mobile stations are unconscious of the failure of HLR, and mobile subscribers can always make outgoing calls


This study examines the impact of unions on efficiency in retail construction in the late seventies. Square footage put in place per hour is 51 per cent greater for union than nonunion contractors. The study finds no difference in mean cost per square foot and offers mixed econometric evidence on Tran slog cost functions. There is also no difference in profit rates or prices between union and nonunion contractors.


Solar Flares are explosive phenomena driven by magnetic energy stored in the solar corona. Because interplanetary disturbances associated with solar flares sometimes impact terrestrial environments and infrastructure, understanding the flaretriggering process is important not only from a solar physics perspective but also for space weather forecasting. There are numerous observational studies and simulations which attempted to reveal the onset mechanism of solar flares. Because different observations support different models, the underlying mechanism of flare onset remains elusive. Thus the predictability of flare occurrence remains limited.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil P availability, mycorrhiza and a mycorrhiza stimulatory product (Mycoform) upon growth and initial competition of six sown woody species, in the greenhouse. The species Senna macranthera, Guazuma ulmifolia, Senna multijuga, Solanum granuloso-leprosum, Schinus terebenthifolius and Trema micrantha were sown together in a soil with very low, low and high levels of P in soil solution combined with inoculation treatments of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum, G. etunicatum + Mycoform and a non-inoculated control. Growth response to mycorrhizal inoculation occurred with very low and low phosphorus. The seedlings presented moderate mycorrhizal dependency, because there was no response with high phosphorus. Solanum granuloso-leprosum died with very low P, but was the dominant specie with low and high P, and very responsive to phosphorus. Senna macranthera was dominant only with very low P, indicating that it is quite adapted to low fertility soils. Glomus etunicatum influenced the species dominance, promoting the least competitive species and favoring uniformity in plant growth. Growth, nutrition and competition were little influenced by Mycoform. The growth of pioneer species is favored by increasing P availability and by mycorrhiza which also favores the growth equilibrium between them in mixed and direct seeding on low fertility soil.


On-chip implementation of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has great impact to analyze the non-linear and non-stationary biomedical signals on wearable or implantable sensors for the real-time applications. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is the key component for the HHT processor. In tradition, EMD is usually performed after the collection of a large window of signals, and the long latency may not be feasible for the real-time applications. In this work, the architecture of on-line EMD for biomedical signals is proposed. The on-line interpolation method with data reuse as well as component and iteration loop decomposition is applied to obtain low latency and low hardware cost. The first chip of EMD processor is fabricated in UMC 90nm LL process and consumes 57.3µW.


To restore confidence in the stock market in July 2002, in the United States (USA) was passed Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX). SOX is a U.S. law, however, Brazilian companies that issue American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) on the Stock Exchange of the United States are also subject to its requirements under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The goal of this research is verify in the Brasilian companies listed on BOVESPA, that negotiate ADRs on the NYSE, as is the voluntary disclosure, the divulgation requirements outlined by SOX. Thus, the sample was made by Brazilian companies listed on the BOVESPA (CVM/ Brazil) and the NYSE (SEC/USA). To get a sense of the level of disclosure practiced by the observed sample, we used the technique of content analysis. The results showed that each company discloses, in the absence of an obligation in Brazil, in their reports as it deems necessary, which results in a greater degree of disclosure by some and a low level, or no information from other.


Analogies between quantum mechanics and sociology lead to the hypothesis that quantum objects are complex products of evolution. Like biological objects they are able to receive, to work on, and to spread semantic information. In general meaning we can name it "consciousness". The important ability of consciousness is ability to predict future. Key words: Evolution, consciousness, information, quantum mechanics, EPR, decoherence.


This study aims to examine the lecturers' teaching effectiveness on business faculty undergraduate students' academic performance in the Malaysian Public University, since the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) intends to achieve quality education. This study has undertaken on survey research whereby questionnaires were distributed to 300 students from the three public universities located in the Northern of Malaysia. The SPSS was employed to determine the statistical relations between variables. The finding of this study has indicated that the independent variables are significantly related to teaching effectiveness as perceived by the respondents. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p437


Bone impaction grafting of the femur is associated with more complications when segmental defects are present. The effect of segmental defect repair on initial stem stability was studied in an in vitro study with fresh frozen goat femora. A standardized medial segmental defect was reconstructed using a cortical strut or a metal mesh. As controls we used intact femora and femora with a non-reconstructed defect. In all four groups impacted bone grafting was performed in combination with a cemented Exeter stem. Each group contained five femora. Reconstructions were dynamically loaded up to 1500N. Migration was measured with Roentgen Stereo-photogrammetric Analysis. All cases with a non-reconstructed segmental defect failed into excessive varus rotation. None of the femora with a reconstructed defect failed. Cortical struts and metal meshes were equally effective in creating a stable stem construction (varus rotation 2.89±2.27 and 2.27±0.57, respectively). Reconstructions with a metal mesh were more reproduci...


1: The American Republic in 1809 2: The People of the United States in 1809 3: The British Connection 4: The Steam Boat Revolution 5: Illinois Land of Lincoln 6: King Cotton 7: The Missouri Compromise 8: Railroads 9: California Strikes Gold 10: Washington 1847-48 11: Bleeding Kansas 12: Civil War.


In conjunction with the rising prevalence of diabetes, there is an urgent need for strategies that promote tight glucose control, as an overwhelming majority of patients are not meeting glycemic targets. Many current options for intensive diabetes therapy address only one aspect of the underlying pathophysiologic defects associated with type 2 diabetes. The new incretin-based therapies offer unique effects on metabolism, including stimulation of glucosedependent insulin secretion, suppression of postprandial glucagon secretion, and the promotion of satiety and weight loss. This review will address the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the rationale underlying incretin-based therapies.


The invention lubricity and smoothness of the surface relates to an excellent electrophotographic belt. The electrophotographic belt is containing a thermoplastic silicone elastomer having at least one side and, a specific structure selected from polyalkylene terephthalate and the polyalkylene terephthalate renna.


Eleven progenies of F3 generation of sunflower were selected for the character association study to assess therelationship among oil yield and its components. Observations were recorded on fourteen traits viz., days to firstflowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, powdery mildew percentage disease index, 100 seed weight, volume weight, seed yield, seed shape, seed colour, stripes on the margin, stripes between the margin, seed yield/plant, oil content and oil yield. Character association analysis revealed strong positive association of oil yield/plant with head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content. Hence, synchronized selection of these characters would contribute for the improvement of the oil yield/plant.


ABSTRACT This study examines whether market orientation, as an organizational capability, plays an enabling role in environmental marketing strategy and then contributes to financial performance. Utilizing the natural resource-based view (NRBV) as the conceptual foundation and drawing on previous studies, this study proposes and tests a research model that investigates the relationship between market orientation, environmental corporate identity, environmental marketing strategy and firm performance. By using data from Chinese companies, this study finds that market orientation significantly influences environmental marketing strategy and the environmental corporate identity moderates this relationship. Findings from this study provide invaluable insight into the understanding of the complexity involved in facilitation and substantiation of environmental ideology and its integration into a firm's strategy and activities. The Chinese context also has useful practical implications for firms from emerging and transition economies.


The study of social ties has lead to building rigorous models that reveal the evolution of social networks and their dynamism. In t his context, a central aspect is the strength of ties, which allows the study o f the roles of relationships. Here, besides analyzing the strength of co-au thorship ties, we also present a set of metrics and algorithms to measure such stren gth.


The writer puts forward the concept of the carrying capacity of ecotourism system; analyses its feature and effect, and the content and the present situation on its study; constructs the framework of carrying capacity of ecotourism system and then studies the systematic effect and relevant indexes system. Thus it provides the theory and method for sustainable development of ecotourism.


Antibiotic resistance can evolve through sequential accumulation of multiple mutations1. To study such gradual evolution, we developed a selection device, the morbidostat, which continuously monitors bacterial growth and dynamically regulates drug concentrations such that the evolving population is constantly challenged 2-5. We analyzed evolutionary trajectories of Escherichia coli populations towards resistance to chloramphenicol, doxycycline, or trimethoprim. Over a period of ~20 days, resistance levels increased dramatically, with parallel populations showing similar phenotypic trajectories. Whole-genome sequencing of the evolved strains identified mutations both specific to and shared between drugs. Chloramphenicol and doxycycline resistance evolved through diverse combinations of mutations in genes involved in translation, transcription, and transport3. In contrast, trimethoprim resistance evolved in a stepwise manner1,6, through mutations restricted to the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)7,8. Sequencing DHFR over time showed that parallel populations evolved similar mutations and acquired them in similar order9.


In this paper a PC-controlled non-incremental interferometer that integrates frequency modulated continuous wave and dispersive comb spectrum techniques is presented. This system takes advantage from the wide measuring range of the frequency modulated continuous wave technique and from the high resolution of the dispersive comb spectrum technique.


A queueing system is simulated in which the arrival and service rates are functions of the number of customers in the system. This type of system has been suggested as being more representative of real queueing situations than is the usual "simple" queue with constant arrival and service rates.
 A modification of the "time of next event" simulation method is required since an arrival to the queue changes the distribution of residual service time of the customer being served and the departure of a customer changes the distribution of the time of the next arrival.
 The primary purpose of the simulation is to examine the statistical problems involved in estimating the system parameters.


Women's access to the political sphere in Japan has been limited by structural constraints which perpetuate their roles primarily as housewives and mothers. Some women who seek to become professional politicians use these images of traditional femininity as a deliberate tactic in political campaigns to provide a culturally acceptable way for them to express their political views. Th is paper analyses the life of Chikage Ōgi, a Japanese politician who was once a Takarazuka actress, in order to develop a deeper understanding of the ways in which gender-role expectations restrict women's access to opportunities throughout their life course and the pragmatic ways that women strive to achieve their goals despite this. Ōgi used the performance skills she developed during her time as an actress to enhance her political image and fulfi l her political ambitions. Th is paper highlights Ōgi's creativity in enacting agency in Japan's male-dominated political sphere and demonstrates the complex ways she both upheld and subverted gender norms in order to achieve political longevity.