This paper proposes a user clustering algorithm for a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network where multi-UAVs serve as base stations for multiple ground users. The joint optimization of the user clustering and power allocation is required to maximize the sum rate. However, this is an intractable problem in which two problems are coupled together. Although the user clustering by the brute-force search can obtain the optimal solution, the computational complexity is very high. For the low-complexity approach, we propose a squeeze-and-excitation (SE)-based user clustering algorithm. In our method, the model which is trained to maximize the sum rate is used to find the user clusters. Numerical results show that the SE-based algorithm outperforms the conventional user clustering algorithm by exploiting high representational power of the SE blocks. The results also show that our SE-based algorithm has a much lower complexity than the brute-force method.


Menstrual pain without organic pathology is considered to be primary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhoea refers to the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin. It is a common gynaecological condition with considerable morbidity affecting majority of the adolescent girls, yet which is under diagnosed and under treated. Yoga can be considered as a simple and safe management tool for Primary Dysmenorrhoea. Studies have reported the beneficial role of Yoga in alleviating the symptoms of Primary dysmenorrhoea; however, a validated Yoga module for Primary dysmenorrhoea is unavailable. This study developed and validated an integrated Yoga module (IYM) for Primary dysmenorrhoea. Methods: The IYM was prepared after a thorough review of classical Yoga texts and previous findings. Twenty experienced Yoga experts, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected validating the content of the IYM. A total of 38 practices were included in the IYM, and each practice was discussed and rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential, and (iii) essential; the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe's formula. Results: Data analysis revealed that of the 38 IYM practices, 18 exhibited significant content validity (cut-off value: 0.42, as calculated by applying Lawshe's formula for the CVR). Conclusion: The IYM is valid for Primary dysmenorrhoea, with good content validity. However, future studies must determine the feasibility and efficacy of the developed module.


Individual countries have unique challenges and issues regarding volunteerism but there are also global trends and patterns that can be discerned. Exploring multinational patterns of civic engagement increases opportunities for identifying worldwide patterns and societal trends affecting volunteerism. Identifying and understanding these trends help government leaders and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) develop common approaches to global issues while creating models that strengthen volunteer efforts worldwide.


Innovation is popular in every nation,for it always implies the social developments in different societies.Prompted by the central government,China has witnessed a rapid progress in innovations.In spite of that,the government innovation in China is still unsatisfactory to the people,and it has been attracting a lot of criticisms.Analyzed from the database of multiple cases on government performance evaluation,the current government performance evaluation innovations in China shows some rules.The rules could be summarized as 'imitational-learning.The causes may lie in the pursuit of input-output efficiency and the laws of innovation cycles.The measures of encouraging the needed imitations,prompting to upgrade the innovation cycles,and getting rid of "innovation fetishism" could be taken to get out of the dilemma in government innovations.


In this work, environment adaptation is studied in order to transform PSN speaker independent isolated words HMM to the GSM environment. Linear multiple regression (LMR) transformations associated with groups of HMM densities are used to adapt the densities. Both mean vectors and covariance matrices of the densities are adapted. It has been shown that a small amount of GSM data are sufficient to transform the PSN HMM in order to match the GSM environment and to achieve a performance equivalent to those of an HMM trained with a large amount of GSM data. The number of groups of Gaussian densities seems to have a small influence on the results. However, the minimum number of groups depends on the vocabulary size. Finally, this technique is compared to the Bayesian adaptation and the results show that similar performance can be obtained with both methods.


Clofarabine and cytarabine target different steps in DNA synthesis and replication, are synergistic in vivo, and have non‐overlapping toxicities, making this combination a potentially promising treatment for acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Thirty‐seven patients were treated. The median age was 41 years, 44% of patients were either in ≥2nd relapse or had refractory disease and 59% of patients had poor risk cytogenetics. Six out of 36 patients (17%) achieved a complete remission with or without complete count recovery; median overall survival was 3 months. Nucleoside transporter expression did not predict outcome. This regimen lacked sufficient activity to warrant further testing.


We report herein the first interfacial synthesis of photoluminescent NiSe QDs and their evolution towards excitation-dependent multicolour hybrid QDs after solvothermal treatment. We demonstrate that tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP), a very commonly used ligand for the synthesis of QDs, would pyrolyze and generate fluorescent carbon dots (CDs), which is responsible for the asymmetrical and bimodal emission of QDs but has been neglected before. Also described is the application of these QDs for multicolour fluorescent patterns with high uniformity.


Ammu Joseph There is ample documentary evidence to show that Kalyan Singh Kalvi, a minister of the erstwhile Janata Dal(S) government, was a staunch supporter of the practice of 'sati', although he denied it when faced with a demand for his resignation.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society In-situ Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy of Oligoaniline Molecular Junctions HEAYOUNG YOON, MASATO MAITANI, LINTAO CAI, DAVID ALLARA, THERESA MAYER, The Pennsylvania State University — Recently, several studies have reported that self assembled monolayers of oligoaniline dimmers showed room temperature bistable switching behavior. In this talk, we will discuss the electrical and spectroscopic properties of thiol-substituted oligoaniline (OA) molecular junctions at the interface of lithographically-defined bottom metal nanowire contacts and metal nanowire top contacts. The junctions showed reproducible room temperature bistable switching with the threshold voltages of approximately ± 1.5 V and I-V(T) showed the dominant transport mechanism is coherent tunneling. Inelastic electron tunneling (IET) spectra in low and high current states were obtained at 5 K using a standard AC modulation technique to collect the second harmonic signal directly. The observed IET peaks in a plot of d2I/dV2 versus V were compared to infrared and Raman spectra for the OA self-assembled monolayers. The measurement confirms that the measured transport properties of molecular junctions are due to the intended molecule rather than process induced artifacts. In addition, the intensity change of vibrational modes of the benzene ring (185mV) and the quinon (197mV) of the OA in the low to the high current state suggest that the switching behavior is attributed to an inherent molecular feature of the OA molecules that form the junction. Heayoung Yoon The Pennsylvania State University Date submitted: 29 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Core-Collapse Supernovae, failed supernovae and quark novae are expected to release an energy of few 1053 ergs through MeV neutrinos and a network of detectors is operative to look online for these events. However, when the source distance increases and/or the average energy of emitted neutrinos decreases, the signal statistics drops and the identification of these low statistic astrophysical bursts could be challenging. In a standard search, neutrino detectors characterise the observed clusters of events with a parameter called multiplicity, i.e. the number of collected events in a fixed time-window. We discuss a new parameter called ξ (=multiplicity/duration of the cluster) in order to add the information on the temporal behaviour of the expected signal with respect to background. By adding this parameter to the multiplicity we optimise the search of astrophysical bursts and we increase their detection horizon. Moreover, the use of the ξ can be easily implemented in an online system and can apply also to a network of detectors like SNEWS. For these reasons this work is relevant in the multi-messengers era when fast alerts with high significance are mandatory.


Based on the viewpoint of Fourier optics, we have analysed systematically the (monochromatic) point spread function and transfer function of rainbow holographic imaging limited by an arbitrary aperture, revealed the essential relation between the function and the aperture, then established a unified theory which is analogous to that of conventional imaging system. Thus we provided a simple and clear mathematical basis for calculation of the limited resolution and the cut-off frequency.


0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-1.20; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.29-1.09; and HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96), and nested case-control sets (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32-0.65). Despite these differences in study design, the estimates of the association of RRSO with breast cancer risk have been generally similar. The 2 extreme estimates include those of Kauff et al (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-1.20) and Domchek et al (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.67). The former group did not match on start time while the latter group did. Although these data do not directly address the concerns that have been raised, they also do not support the hypothesis that matching on follow-up period necessarily results in biases away from the null hypothesis. The mean follow-up times by RRSO in our study are presented in the TABLE, which supplements Table 3 in our article. The only subgroup difference observed was a longer follow-up period in non-RRSO vs RRSO in BRCA2 mutation carriers without prior breast cancer (5.1 vs 3.3 years). For BRCA2 without prior breast cancer, the point estimate of the association with RRSO was stronger (HR, 0.36) than in other groups, which could be consistent with bias in the effect of longer follow-up among the non-RRSO group. Protection from bias should remain an important concern for all future studies of this type. Studies of cancer risk reduction with RRSO are likely to be undertaken only as observational studies (rather than randomized trials), which limits the ability to obtain accurate estimates of risk reduction needed for optimal cancer prevention strategies. It remains encouraging that all of the estimates of the effect of RRSO to date strongly support its use as an important cancer prevention tool in these highrisk women.


Introduction Previous studies have shown elevated levels of depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASD. However, few studies have assessed depressive symptoms in neurotypical ASD-siblings and most have done so, within a broad age range, while studies focusing on a certain developmental stage (middle childhood in particular) using a self-report depression-specific assessment tool are sparse. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the depressive symptoms of Greek school-age neurotypical siblings of individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder through a self-reported questionnaire. Methods The sample included 85 school-age neurotypical ASD-siblings (8-13 years old). The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and a demographics questionnaire were administered to all participants. Results Results showed that a considerable percentage of the sample (15.3%) scored twice as high as the mean score. ASD-siblings in the present study scored higher (mean total score in CDI was 7.24±6.27) than children of similar age and nationality. Further, 5.9% of the siblings in the present study exhibited severe depressive symptoms (using 19 as a threshold) whereas 12.9% of ASD-siblings scored above 15 and therefore should be further evaluated by mental health services. Conclusions The results of the present study documents a relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms in neurotypical siblings of individuals with ASD. ASD-siblings showed higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to normative data. This is the first study addressing depressive symptoms in siblings of autistic children conducted in the Greek cultural context. The present study highlights the need for the development and implementation of appropriate and effective interventions within the Greek healthcare system for ASD-siblings. Disclosure No significant relationships.


The bnttleness of reactive powder concrete(RPC) can be improved by mixing steel fibers. Based on the compressive experimental of 28 groups of cubes and 14 groups of prism specimens, this paper discusse the physical and mechanics properties such as the cube compressive strength, the effect of size, the prism compressive strength, Young' s modulus and peak strain etc of the steel fiber RPC with different curing methods and different volume fractions of steel fiber; and introduce the mechanism effect of steel fiber by observing the phenomenon of the destroy of cube specimens.


The railroad package of 2001 focusing on access regulation is in the process of a reform. Particularly, the European Commission intends to remove the obstacles to fair competition that have been identified since 2001. In this context, the paper points out the relevance of the disaggregated regulatory approach. It is necessary to differentiate between infrastructure components which are monopolistic bottlenecks (e.g. railway tracks) and competitive components (e. g. service functions like ticketing). Competition on the markets for railway transport services requires non-discriminatory access to the railway infrastructures. As well the horizontal interoperability between national railway networks is a prerequisite that full competition on European markets for railway services can evolve. Train access charges should provide incentives for the different track companies to participate in collaborations offering international cross-border based track capacities, whereas a regulatory prescription of international track corridors conflicts with the competence to allocate the track capacities of the different track companies. Finally, the complex question of the interplay between discrimination and the deficit problem is addressed in order to present solutions to avoid crosssubsidization between track infrastructure and markets for transport services and to guarantee the efficient usage of public funds.


Clarkson and colleagues ask healthcare professionals to stop calling themselves "second victims" in cases of medical harm.1 What does the word "victim" mean? It comes from "victus," a Latin term that means "defeated" or "beaten."

When medical harm occurs, healthcare professionals have fought a battle and lost. Patients are victims, but they are …


The fullerenes C70 and C60 have been studied by excitation and luminescence spectroscopy. Highly resolved phosphorescence-excitation spectra of C70 in n-pentane at 1.5 K are reported. Besides the origin and e1′ vibronic bands of the lowest-energy A2′←S0 excitation, the origin, and an a1′ vibronic band of the E1′←S0 excitation are assigned. For both C70 and C60 the fluorescence spectrum changes with temperature, which is explained in terms of thermally induced population of excited states above S1. For C70, this concerns the E1′ state and the corresponding fluorescent state is found to be 130 cm−1 above the A2′ state in decalin/cyclohexane. For C60 in the same matrix, it concerns the state of predominant Gg character at 85 cm−1 above the T1g state.


This Paper deals with the nature and characteristics of the epic and mystic hero. A Persian epic hero should be followed in myths according to the primitive folklore ideas of these people. These epics could be found in Persian literature specially "Shahnameh of Firdausi". According the social history of Iran, these epic characters were interpreted as mystical ones, literary visualization of which represented in mystic stories of "Sohrawardi" as well as pictorial imaginary is shown in Iranian miniatures for "Shahnameh" in all schools of Persian paint ingspecially Safavied school. After a brief summary of the mythical hero, this article will explain the various sides of the epic hero's structure and analyzes the character of a mystical hero based on traditional theories of art.In the case of heroes, there are some differences between mythical and mystical views. For mythical view, a hero is a superman who overcomes personal limits and leaves his normal life and succeeds to travel through a risky path. An epic hero is also a superman who struggles for the pride of a nation. His battle is a battle of good and evil and his character is based on the dualism of which epic stories represent carefully. But in mystic view of miniatures, a human is the GodAlmighty successor on the earth displaying a prototype visualized by the perfect human.


A palynological study of Campanian-Maastrichtian sequences is conducted on core sections from the Be'er Sheva Valley (M-8 section) and the Shefela Basin (Zor' a B and Hartuv B cores) in Israel. For the first time, a five-fold regional dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian of Israel is proposed, calibrated against calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal datums. The consistent occurrence of these zones in the studied sections demonstrates the potential of a dinoflagellate cyst-based zonation in correlating Campanian-Maastrichtian rocks in Israel. The last occurrence of Xenascus ceratioides is found most useful in determining the position of the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary in Israel. INTRODUCTION During Campanian-Maastrichtian times an upwelling system existed in the southeastern Tethys (Kolodny 1980; Parrish and Curtish 1982; Reiss 1988; Almogi-Labin et al. 1990; 1993; Eshet et al. 1994), resulting in the accumulation of thick sequences of organicrich carbonates, cherts, chalks and phosphates in Israel. The paleogeography of these Campanian-Maastrichtian sequences was studied by Flexer (1968) and Bartov et al. (1972). Many micropaleontological stratigraphic studies have been undertaken on this succession e.g., by means of calcareous nannofossils (Moshkovitz 1984), foraminifera (Reiss et al. 1985; Almogi-Labin et al. 1986) and ostracodes (Honigstein et al. 1987). A combined stratigraphic scheme was established by Gvirtzman et al. (1985, 1989), using numerous correlatable biostratigraphical and lithological datum levels. In contrast, palynological studies of coeval rocks in Israel and adjacent countries are few. Eshet et al. (1992) studied the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary of Hor Hahar (Israel) and Schrank (1987) and Schrank and Perch-Nielsen (1985) described Campanian-Maastrichtian assemblages from Egypt. The fact that little is known of the distibution of organic walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) of the Campanian-Maastrichtian of this region has led to the present study. Its aim is to erect a first regional dinocyst zonation scheme on the basis of selected sections, calibrated against previously established calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminifera datums. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND During the Campanian-Maastrichtian, the Tethyan shoreline was situated more than one hundred km to the southeast of the study area (Bender 1974, Germann et al. 1987, Glenn 1990). Israel was situated within a belt of enhanced upwelling conditions (Shemesh and Kolodny 1988; Reiss 1988; Almogi-Labin et al. 1993) along the southeastern Tethys. Sedimentation during these times occurred in NE-trending shelf basins and included cherts, phosphates, marls and organic-rich carbonates (average of 10% total organic matter content). In northern and northwestern Israel coeval sequences are relatively thicker and dominated by organic-rich carbonates (Zefat lithofacies of Flexer 1968), whereas towards the South and southeast, sequences are thinner and cherts and phosphates are more abundant (Zin lithofacies of Flexer 1968). A paleogeographic reconstruction for the Campanian-Maastrichtian suggests that upper slope and shelf-edge conditions existed in the northwest of Israel, whereas more restricted conditions are found in the southeast. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigated Campanian-Maastrichtian succession belongs to the 'En Zetim Formation (Flexer 1968) (Campanian-Maastrichtian), consisting of chalks, marls and organic-rich carbonates. This formation represents sedimentation in the outer shelf and upper slope (Flexer 1968) and is reported from the so-called Zefat lithofacies belt. Three boreholes penetrating the Campanian-Maastrichtian interval were selected for this study. They were chosen for their thick sequences which are thought to represent a more complete sedimentary succession and for the good preservation of the organic matter. A total of 53 samples from the M-8 borehole near Be'er Sheva and 29 samples of two adjacent boreholes, Hartuv B (coded 'HRB') and Zor'a B (coded 'ZRB') in the Shefela Basin were collected from the Campanian-Maastrichtian (text-fig. 1). A composite section, composed of the Hartuv B and Zor'a B cores and referred to as the Shefela section in this paper was established, following Almogi-Labin et al. (1993). The Shefela section (text-fig. 2) is composed of about 200m of relatively homogeneous organicrich carbonates, assigned to the 'En Zetim Formation. The base of the section contains a thin interval (1m) of cherts, followed by a thin, more phosphatic, carbonate interval. The M-8 core (text-fig. 3) is composed of about 135m of relatively homogeneous organicrich marls, assigned to the 'En Zetim formation. In its basal part (depth 390-425m) the phosphate content is more prominent. Towards the uppermost part of the core (depth 290-320m), the strata become more carbonaceous. Both sections probably represent sediments in two different basins: the Shefela Basin (Gvirtzman et al. 1985) and an unnamed and undescribed basin situated further south (M-8 section). All lithological types were sampled for this study, including cherts, micropaleontology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 125-150, text-figures 1-7, plates 1-7, table 1, 1996 125 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Fri, 27 May 2016 06:35:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Ramses P Hoek, Yoram Eshet, and Ahuva Almogi-Labin: Dinoflagellate cyst zonation of Campanian-Maastrichtian sequences in Israel TEXT-FIGURE 1 Location map. The Shefela section includes the HRB and ZRB cores. chalks and organic-rich carbonates. Samples and slides are stored at the Geological Survey of Israel (Jerusalem). Samples were processed using standard palynological methods (Doher 1990) that included digesting the rock in HCl and HF followed by sieving and fractionation of the organic residue. Due to the high content of organic matter, samples were treated with a 10% solution of potassium hypochlorate for at least 12 hours prior to slide preparation. No significant changes in the dinoflagellate assemblage composition and in the preservation of individual specimens resulted from this treatment. No heavy-liquid separation was used. Palynomorphs were stained by Safranine. For the purpose of the present paper the palynological evaluation concentrated on quantitative analysis of the dinocyst fraction (n=200), being the most dominant palynomorph group throughout the investigated material. Remaining material was scanned to identify rare taxa (marked as * in the distribution charts). Reference is made to Lentin and Williams (1993) for taxonomic citations. Taxa not included in the latter and taxonomical comments are discussed in the taxonomic section. Calcareous Nannofossils The following zonation scheme is used for calcareous nannofossils in the studied sections (text-figs. 2, 3). Each zone is matched to the calcareous nannofossil (NC-coded) standard zonation scheme following Monechi and Thierstein (1985). The zones are, in ascending order: Quadrum sissinghii Zone Sissingh 1977 (NC 19b) Quadrum trifidum Zone Bukry and Bramlette 1970 (NC 20) Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Zone (Perch-Nielsen 1972) Martini 1976 (NC 21) Remarks: In this paper the Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Zone is subdivided into subzone A (from the LOD of Quadrum trifidum to the LOD of Reinhardtites levis) and subzone B (from the LOD of Reinhardtites levis to the FOD of L. quadratus). Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis subzone B is missing at the top of the M-8 section (text-fig. 5). Lithraphidites quadratus Zone ((epek and Hay 1969) Bukry and Bramlette 1970 (NC 22) Planktonic Foraminifera The M-8 and the Shefela sections are divided according to the current planktonic foraminifera zonation of the Tethyan Upper Cretaceous (Robaszynski et al. 1984; Reiss et al. 1985; AlmogiLabin et al. 1986, 1993; Gvirtzman et al. 1989). The following zones are recognized (see text-figs. 4, 5) in ascending order Globotruncana rosetta Zone Remarks: this zone is defined from the FOD of Globotruncana rosetta to the FOD of Globotruncanita calcarata following Almogi-Labin et al. (1986). Globotruncanita calcarata Zone Remarks: Globotruncanita calcarata is not recorded in the Shefela section (Almogi-Labin et al. 1993) and is found only in sample 8 of the M-8 section (depth 413). The definition of this zone is emended here from a total range zone to an interval zone i.e. from the FOD of G. calcarata to the FOD of Globotruncana falsostuarti (Gvirtzman et al. 1989; Almogi-Labin et al. 1986). Globotruncana aegyptiaca is known to occur just before the first occurrence of Globotruncanita calcarata (Almogi-Labin et al. 1986). In the present study this datum is used to indicate the close approximation of the base of the Globotruncanita calcarata Zone in the Shefela section. Globotruncana falsostuarti Zone Remarks: The base of the zone is determined here by the FOD of the planktonic foraminifera Globotruncana falsostuarti and Gansserina wiedenmayeri and the benthic foraminifera Angulogavelinella abudurbensis, Loxostomoides decurrens and Siphogenerinoides parva (Gvirtzman et al. 1989; Almogi-Labin et al. 1993). The planktonic foraminifera Globotruncana falsostuarti and Gansserina wiedenmayeri were not found in the M-8 section. Gansserina gansseri Zone Remarks: In the Shefela section the FOD of G. gansseri is found at the same horizon as the FOD of A. mayaroensis (Almogi-Labin et al. 1993). The base of this Zone in the Shefela section was determined by the help of an assemblage zone (Weiss 1983; Robaszynski et al. 1984), based on the FOD of Globotruncanella pschadae and Pseudoguembelina costata 126 This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Fri, 27 May 2016 06:35:04 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Micropaleontology, vol. 42, no. 2, 1996


1-Azobenzene-3-(3-nitro-5-chloro-2-pyridyl) triazene(ABNCPDT) as a chromogenic reagent was synthesized and its color reaction with zinc has been investigated.In the presence of the surface active agent OP and in the Na_2B_4O_7-NaOH medium of pH 11.5,ABNCPDT forms a red complex with Zn(Ⅱ).The apparent molar absorptivity of the complex is 1.69×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) at 530nm(λ_(max)).The molar ratio of Zn(Ⅱ) to ABNCPDT is 1∶4.Beer′s law is well obeyed in the range of 0~480μg/L for zinc.The method has been applied to the direct determination of zinc in human hair with satisfactory results.


This investigation approaches the communicative practices developed by Alianza Urbana (Urban Alliance), an artistic group in Quibdo, as well as the way in which this collective deals with the different conflicts that end up affecting their initiatives. Alianza Urbana is integrated by a group of young people who, through rap music, express their discomfort and claim for people's rights on their territory. Several ways of resilience were detected due to the peculiarities of the collectivity: playing rap music, which is not very popular in the area -vallenato and salsa being the iconic rhythms-; the content of the lyrics has the powerful to enunciate naturalized realities that are not discussed in a systematic way by the community; the way contents are written or produced, which implies an in depth analysis of what is happening in the territory; the possibility of "bonding" in a social fabric that gives them a strong sense of belonging –in spite of the difficulties for such dynamics to occur in the region, thus, creating a need to act against indifference among the community-.


Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing giant cells that differentiate from hematopoietic cells of the monocyte/macrophages. Excessive osteoclast differentiation leads to gradual loss of bone mass causing fracture of the skeleton. The aim of this study was to develop a drug candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was dose-dependently inhibited by myricetin. Myricetin inhibited the expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and TRAP in BMMs treated with RANKL. Myricetin disrupted the structure of actin ring and suppressed osteoclastic bone resorption. Also, myricetin induced apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. Myricetin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in mature osteoclasts treated with M-CSF. The activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was increased by myricetin treatment. Our results suggest that myricetin may be an effective agent to prevent bone diseases such as osteoporosis.


In previous investigations, it was found that the so‐called Ranque‐Hilsch effect is induced by a spinning acoustic wave present in swirling flows; the total temperature within the vortices becomes acoustically separated. Another similar example for the Karman vortex street or an array of vortices formed a bluff body is presented here. The vortices in the wake are found to have the capacity to separate the total temperature, and the separation is significantly enhanced by acoustic resonance. Here, vortices behave as a natural "compressor‐turbine" cycle, its performance improved substantially by acoustics.


The formation of flower and h i t abnormalities in oil palm still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the genetic similarities, grouping among normal and abnormal genotypes, and to obtained a specific DNA band for abnormalities by RAPD analysis. Plant materials have been used i.e. MK152, Mk203, MK209, and MK212 (normaVabnormal and male flowers), while clones MK104 and MK176 (normal and abnormal). Amplification of DNA samples have been done with 15 random primers. Genetic similarities and phenogram were analyzed with NTSYS-pc. While UPGMA were analyzed by bootstrap with WinBoot program. The results showed that OPC-09, SC10-19, OPC-07 and OPW-19 primers were able to differentiate normal and abnormal genotype in the same clone for all of clones have been tested. While others primers were able to differentiate between normal and abnormal genotypes only in several clones. The genetic similarities of 16 genotypes 0,47-0,96. Genetic similarities between normal genotype is higher than the genetic similarities among abnormal or normal with abnormal. MK176 clone more stable in culture compare with others clones. UPGMA showed that generally the genotype normal and abnormal within the same clone belong to the same group. All of the primers have been tested can not be able to give a specific DNA band as an abnormalities character.


This paper surveys the field of financial analysis using news data, and also our own considerable work regarding movie gross analysis to show the predictive power of news data. Since the 1990s, linguistic sources such as news have been continuously proved to carry extra and meaningful information beyond traditional quantitative finance data, and thus they can be used as predictive indicators in finance. In the first half of this paper, we analyze and compare important previous research in terms of targets, methodologies, and results. In addition, we discuss financial news analysis with Lydia, a system for large-scale news analysis. In the second half of this paper, based on the news data generated by Lydia, we build three different models (regression, piecewise, and k-nearest neighbor models) and achieve good prediction results for movie grosses. Therefore, we believe that Lydia data could be used in forecasting other financial variables as well, for example, stock returns, volatilities, trading volumes, or firm earnings.


Cold fission and cluster decay processes are studied for 234,236,238U nuclei in the super-asymmetric mass region of exotic cluster radioactivity. The idea is to see whether the clusters already observed as cluster decays (here for 234,236U parents) could also be observed via the cold fission process. Our calculations are made on the well accepted quantum mechanical fragmentation theory and the saddle-point fission model and the preformed-cluster model that are also based on this theory.


This study was conducted to evaluate the slurping process affecting the variation of free product and VOCs concentration and the bioaugmentation effect on bioremediation process. Free products and soil gas were extracted from 30 extraction wells installed in a petroleum contaminated area. The extraction system was operated for 10 hours per day with 1 hour on-and-off mode. The thickness of free product in extraction well was decreased from 11.7 cm to 4.5 cm and the VOCs concentration was increased from 10.37 ppm to 30.78 ppm during the operation period. After the slurping process for 2 months, contaminated soil was treated with bioremediation process in 2 cells, m, biologically enhanced with adjusting oxygen, moisture and nutrients concentration. Total 1,400 L of microbial inoculant, Naturesys. (Dong Myung Ent. Co.) was added to the pile B, which has an outstanding ability for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that bioremediaton effect in soil with the microorganisms solution is 33% higher than that in soil with only residual bacteria.


Revised September 2002. This publication was replaced by OSU Extension publication EM 9058. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog


Acid stimulation supports the oil and gas industry as a versatile mean in enhanced oil recovery to fulfil the world energy demand. Although hydrochloric acid can significantly improve the reservoir permeability, its rapid reaction rate at high temperature has created a barrier for acid penetration. Subsequently, emulsified acid has slowly gain its popularity due to its retardation effect which allows deeper penetration of acid into the formation and achieves minimal corrosion issues. Nonetheless, emulsified acid has rarely applied on sandstone formation. Since a large portion of reservoirs are made up of sandstone, the effects of emulsified acid on sandstone under high temperature conditions should be studied to unlock the effective usage of emulsified acid in restoring the hydrocarbon recovery from the potential sandstone reservoirs. Besides, it is also crucial to explore cheaper and greener substitute to formulate innovative emulsified acid in minimizing the high acidizing budget along with environmental concerns. In this project, 10 different emulsified acid combinations are prepared using hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, cationic surfactant, diesel and waste oil. The pre-flush treatment (5 % CH3COOH: 10 % HCl) is followed by the main flush (emulsified acids) saturation for 3 days. The thermal stability of emulsified acids and their effect on the Berea sandstone properties are evaluated. Major outcome is that the emulsified acids have the capability to remain stable at 275 °F up to 6 hours with uniform and fine droplet size. It is also proven that most of the emulsified acids can improve the porosity and permeability of Berea sandstone core samples except for HF: H3PO4. Regardless of the types of oil used for emulsified acid formulation, HF: HCl acid combination shows the best performance enhancement for both diesel-based and waste oil-based emulsified acids. In sandstone acidizing, emulsified acid dissolves the minerals and create acid transport pathway with close connectivity between pore spaces, causing the formation of large and conductive channels within the rock. Hence, these positive results clearly reflect on the feasibility of emulsified acid application in sandstone matrix acidizing and the effectiveness of waste oil as a replacement fluid for diesel.


SIGER of Brabant is one of the most remarkable figures rescued from oblivion by research in mediaeval philosophy during the past fifty years. In the second half of the thirteenth century he was a well-known and influential philosopher at Paris. His views on philosophical questions and on the relationship of faith to reason were an important feature of the intellectual scene. St Thomas Aquinas thought them significant enough to single them out for attack. St Bonaventure and St Albert were also concerned with his opinions, some of which contradicted the teachings of Christian faith. Others were more sympathetic to his philosophy and gave him the title "Siger the Great." Peter Dubois, for example, took pride in having been his pupil and called him "praecellentissimus doctor philosophiae.' Siger's greatest triumph in the Middle Ages, however, came from the pen of a poet. About the year 1300 Dante placed him in Paradise, thereby assuring his temporal immortality, if not his eternal salvation. When Dante and Beatrice arrive at the fourth heaven, the abode of the wise, they find themselves in the presence of a brilliant circle of twelve souls: Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great, Gratian, Peter Lombard, Solomon, Dionysius the Areopagite, Orosius, Boethius, Isidore of Seville, the Venerable Bede, Richard of St Victor and Siger of Brabant. Thomas Aquinas introduces Dante to this circle of wise men, beginning with St Albert, who stands at his right. The last to be presented is Siger, who stands at Aquinas' left. Aquinas says: "This figure, which your eyes encounter as they return towards me, is the light of a spirit who, wrapt in grave thoughts, found death slow in coming. This is the eternal light of Siger, who, when he taught in the Street of Straw, established unwelcome truths."2 Centuries later, readers of Dante were to puzzle over these lines and wonder who this mysterious man was, and why the poet placed him in this illustrious circle. However, Siger's name and the significance of his thought were not immediately forgotten. The recent researches of Bruno Nardi show that they were kept alive into the sixteenth century by the Averroist school of philosophy. His works were read by Italian Averroists uch as Agostino Nifo and Alessandro Achillini, and through these men he exercised an influence on the rationalism of the Renaissance.3 With the eclipse of Aristotelianism at the beginning of modern times, the name of Siger of Brabant seems to have been lost, except to readers of Dante, and they forgot who he was and why the poet had paid him honor in the Paradiso. * This paper was read at the meeting of the Mediaeval Academy of America held in Toronto on 9 April 1954. 1 Cf. F. Van Steenberghen, Siger de Brabant d'apres ses oeuvres intdites, ii, Les Philosophes Belges, xiii (Louvain, 1942), 534, 728. 2 Paradiso, x, 133-138. 3Bruno Nardi, Sigieri di Brabante nel pensiero del rinascimento italiano (Rome, 1945).


Both blue and red shifts in the absorption spectrum of Co-doped ZnO have been reported at a similar concentration range of doped Co. Moreover, the sources of magnetism of Co-doped ZnO are controversial. To solve these problems, the geometry optimization and energy of different Co-doped ZnO systems were calculated at the states of electron spin polarization and nonspin polarization by adopting plane-wave ultra-soft pseudopotential technology based on density function theory. At the state of electron nonspin polarization, the total energies increased as the concentration of Co-doped increased. The doped systems also became unstable. The formation energies increased and doping became difficult. Furthermore, the band gaps widened and the absorption spectrum exhibited a blue shift. The band gaps were corrected by local-density approximation + U at the state of electron spin polarization. The magnetic moments of the doped systems weakened as the concentration of doped Co increased. The magnetic moments were derived from the coupling effects of sp–d. The band gaps narrowed and the absorption spectrum exhibited a red shift. The inconsistencies of the band gaps and absorption spectrum at the states of electron spin polarization and nonspin polarization were first discovered in this research, and the sources of Co-doped ZnO magnetism were also reinterpreted.


Owing to the desirable properties of vegetable oils as cutting fluids, an attempt is made to explore the potentiality of plentifully available vegetable oils as a cutting fluid for turning AA 6061. Two nonedible vegetable oils, Jatropha and Pongamia, in their chemically modified (epoxidized) versions are used as straight cutting fluids. Cutting fluids are introduced to the machining zone with the aid of Minimal Quantity Lubrication (MQL) method. Taguchi's technique of orthogonal arrays is used to develop an effective design of experiments. The results obtained under epoxidized versions of Jatropha and Pongamia oils are compared with the results of mineral oil in terms of cutting forces and surface roughness. Experimental observations and statistical analysis show that, compared to mineral oil, the modified versions of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids are more effective in reducing the cutting forces and increasing surface finish. It is also observed that the modified Pongamia oil showed lesser flank wear compared to the other two tested oils.


An in vitro technique based on two stages of batch culture was used to clarify fermentability and digestibility of pellet feed containing water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The portion of Pennisetum purpureum in the pellet feed was substituted with Ipomoea aquatica at respective levels of 0% (T1), 20% (T2), 40% (T3) and 60% (T4). The treatments were allocated in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates of each. The results showed that the substitution of water spinach in pellet did not effect on pH, ammonia (NH3), enzyme protein and microbial protein. Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were decreased (p<0.05) by water spinach substitution level in the treatments. The ratios of C2: C3 were increased (P<0.05) in both of T3 and T4. The increasing water spinach substitution level enhanced (p<0.05) dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility but crude fiber digestibility was unaffected. In conclusion, substitution of Pennisetum purpureum with Ipomoea aquatica at the level of 20%  may be the best fiber source for ruminant diet.


Madam Speaker and colleagues, please join in remembrance of the 70th anniversary of the tragedy that became known as the Katyn Massacre. As the people of Poland and Russia continue the work of reconciliation, we must support their efforts and continue to work toward diplomacy and peace. Together, we can create a world where nations rely on the principles of diplomacy and peace to resolve conflicts.


We revise the Australian Phytoseiinae (Acari : Mesostigmata : Phytoseiidae) based on a study of over 1000 slide-mounted specimens. Of the three currently recognised genera in the subfamily, only Phytoseius is known from Australia, but endemic species occur in each of its three species-groups. We describe 11 new species, including P. bunya, the first Australian representative of the purseglovei-group. The plumifer-gcoup is represented by five species including P. danutae, sp. nov. and P. improcerus Corpuz, a Philippine mite newly reported from Australia; in addition, P. leaki Schicha is newly reported from New Zealand. In Australia, the horridus-group contains two oceanic-island species, P. hawaiiensis Prasad and P. mayottae Schicha (newly reported), and two complexes of Australasian endemics. The fotheringhamiae-complex. has seven species, including three new species from tropical rainforests in far north Queensland - P. paluma, P. camelot and P. devildevil; in addition, P. fotheringhamiae is newly reported from New Zealand. The douglasensis-complex also has seven species, including six new species from Queensland and the Northern Territory: P. oreillyi, P. acaciae, P. brigalow, P. mantoni, P. darwin and P. litchfieldensis. All 22 species of Phytoseius known from Australia are keyed and diagnosed, and their distributions are detailed.


Preface 1. Introduction Part I. Free Competition - Captive Markets: 2. Promoting Panhandle Eastern 3. The Power Trust at bay 4. The triumph of William Maguire Part II. Managing Regulation: The Challenge: 5. Competing in new forums 6. Regulatory dynamics and market control 7. Strategic diversifications Part III. Search For a New Equilibrium: 8. Strategic innovations 9. Struggle for corporate control 10. The new order Appendix 1. An earlier effort Appendix 2. Interview list.


The organizations are under a great deal of external pressure. Globalisation, technical developments, political turmoil, and inflation are just a few examples of external environmental factors affecting enterprises. As a result, these variables have an influence on organisational internal environments. Companies and their workers must be aware of and actively battle these continuously altering elements in order to stay ahead of the curve. The use of Performance Management tools and approaches has a substantial influence. In this setting, making performance management systems more strategic and effective is critical. Our purpose is to determine whether a company's Performance Management System in Bhopal, India influences employee production. The research findings may assist an employee's understanding of the organization's aims and objectives. People may participate in strategic business planning by demonstrating their talents and abilities via the use of a project management system (PMS). According to the study, neither Development and Planning Performance (DPP) nor Rewarding Performance (RP) had a greater influence on employee performance than the other two phases (RP). Using this information, Bhopal-based IT firm Tech Mahindra is anticipated to build a PMS and make changes to the current system in order to improve staff performance


In this article, the static behavior of micromirrors under the effect of capillary force is studied. The dimensionless equations governing the static behavior and the pull-in state of the micromirror under capillary force are obtained, and the effects of different geometrical parameters on the pull-in angle of micromirrors are investigated. The static behavior of micromirrors is studied both numerically and analytically using the homotopy perturbation method. It is observed that with increasing the instability number defined in this article, the rotation angle of the micromirror is increased and suddenly the pull-in occurs. The results of the presented model are then verified by comparing them with the results of finite element simulations performed in the commercial finite element model software ANSYS. The agreement between the results of finite element model and those of the proposed analytical model shows that homotopy perturbation method can be used as a fast and accurate tool for predicting mirror's behavior under capillary force.


A. Lladó, M. Ezquerra, R. SánchezValle, L. Rami, E. Tolosa and J. L. Molinuevo Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clı́nic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; and Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clı́nic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain


The study of the natural history of a mental illness is important because it may contribute to the diagnosis, management and prognosis of the illness and provide a means of evaluating the effect of therapy. Chapman (1963) has enumerated the difficulties which are responsible for the scanty extensive follow-up studies in neurotic patients. In recent years various new drugs have been introduced to the field of psychiatry and many are claimed to be effective in the treatment of neurosis, but their treatment results cannot be convincingly gauged until the course and prognosis of neurosis are better known. As far as obsessional neurosis is concerned there have been a few major follow-up studies carried out in European countries by Lewis (1936), Müller (1953), Rüdin (1953), Pollitt (1957), Ingram (1961a) and Kringlen (1965), but it would not be legitimate to transfer their findings without qualification or caution to Asian countries in view of racial and cultural differences.


Composite materials have successfully substituted the traditional materials in several light weight and high strength applications. The reasons why composites are selected for such applications are mainly their high strength-to-weight ratio, high tensile strength at elevated temperatures, high creep resistance and high toughness. Therefore minimum Wear of component or part used in machinery is very important factor for the industry. In this paper the tribological behavior of PEEK (Poly-ether-ether-ketone) composites reinforced by 30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were comparatively evaluated on Pin on disc machine. The effect of three parameters such as temperature, load and sliding distance on Wear loss of PEEK composites reinforced by 30% short glass fiber and phosphor bronze were examined. The detailed mathematical model is simulated by Minitab 17 and simulation results fit experiment data very well In this investigation, an effective approach based on Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariable linear regression (MVLR), has been developed to determine the optimum conditions leading to minimum Wear. Experiments were conducted by varying temperature, load and sliding distance using L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve minimum Wear. Experimental results from the orthogonal array were used as the training data for the MVLR model to map the relationship between process parameters and Wear. The experiment was conducted on computerized Pin on Disc machine. It was observed that PEEK 30% Glass Fiber Composite Polymer has excellent wear resistance compare to Phosphor bronze at elevated temperature.


The author gave an overview of related researches on physical education curriculum objectives,physical education contents and curriculum resources,physical education curriculum structures and curriculum modes,physical education curriculum implementation,and physical education curriculum evaluation in elementary and middle schools in China,and put forward the following opinions: the classification of physical education curriculum objectives has been expanded from the concerning of physical capacities and perceptions to the concerning of stu-dent's emotion;the selection of physical education curriculum contents focuses more on nationality,region and cul-ture;the development of physical education curriculum modes tends to diversification;physical education curricu-lum evaluation is carried out based on the development and social needs of students,and emphasizes more on proc-ess evaluation on the basis of conclusive evaluation.From the perspective of system theory the authors analyzed that physical education curriculum structure will be the key area for researches in the future.


Introduction. It was shown earlier that fibrin-monomer (FM) in low doses had a systemic hemostatic effect in a controlled injury condition. The authors suggest that FM is able to exert a regulating hemostatic effect in vivo under reduced hemostatic potential.
Aim: to study the systemic hemostatic and hemostasiological effects of FM under controlled liver injury during hypocoagulation caused by warfarin administration.
Materials and methods. In this study 40 Chinchilla rabbits were used. For the induction of coumarin-mediated hypocoagulation, animals were administered per os warfarin at a dose of 0.4–0.5 mg/kg for 14 days, until an international normalized ratio (INR) was more than 2.0. Subsequently, a prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) at a dose of 40 U/kg, FM at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg or placebo were administered into the marginal ear vein of the animals. An hour later, a liver injury was inflicted and blood loss was assessed (in percents of the circulating blood volume). The number of platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time, INR, levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were studied and the results of blood thromboelastography were evaluated.

Results. Blood loss volume in animals groups after intravenous administration of FM and PPC, under warfarin reception, was 9.1 times and 6.7 times less, respectively, compared to the placebo group receiving the same anticoagulant. However, FM did not affect on coagulogram parameters (no visible hemostasiological effect) and thromboelastogram, whereas the use of PPC as warfarin antidote was accompanied by the normalization of thromboelastometry parameters and hypocoagulation shift correction according to INR.
Conclusion. It was found that FM able to manifest its systemic hemostatic effect in conditions of reduced thrombin formation caused by impaired synthesis of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors. This effect is implemented without any signs of recovery of hemostatic balance.

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Online examination is an increasingly important component of online courses, and student authentication is widely seen as one of the major concerns for online examinations. In most online examination scenarios, face-to-face supervision is absent, and students may attempt to use third party to increase their scores. This paper aims to investigate authentication challenges to online examinations, review benefits and constraints of existing authentication traits, and discuss alternative techniques. We propose the use of profile-based authentication framework (PBAF) together with a user-id and password for the authentication of students during online examinations. The proposed solution utilizes profile-based challenge questions, which is verified by development of PBAF in a virtual learning environment. 2 Using Challenge Questions for Student Authentication in Online Examination (Ullah et al., 2012c), International Journal for Infonomics (IJI), Sept-2012 Abstract: With the growth of Internet and technology in the past decade, online learning has become increasingly popular and evolved. Online examination is an integral and vital component of online learning. Student assessment in online learning is largely submitted remotely without any face-to-face interaction and therefore, student authentication is widely seen as one of the major challenges. This study aims to investigate potential threats to student authentication in the online examinations and analysing the benefits and limitations of the existing authentication approaches. We propose the use of challenge questions for student authentication in the online examinations. For this purpose, we designed a profile-based authentication framework (PBAF) together with a user-id and password for the authentication of students during online examinations, utilizing a cohort of personal With the growth of Internet and technology in the past decade, online learning has become increasingly popular and evolved. Online examination is an integral and vital component of online learning. Student assessment in online learning is largely submitted remotely without any face-to-face interaction and therefore, student authentication is widely seen as one of the major challenges. This study aims to investigate potential threats to student authentication in the online examinations and analysing the benefits and limitations of the existing authentication approaches. We propose the use of challenge questions for student authentication in the online examinations. For this purpose, we designed a profile-based authentication framework (PBAF) together with a user-id and password for the authentication of students during online examinations, utilizing a cohort of personal


Free vibration of a thin spherical shell filled with a compressible fluid is investigated. The interactions at the interface between the elastic structure and the compressible fluid are taken into account. The objective of this study is to develop a hybrid numerical technique for the free vibration analysis of sound–structure interaction problems. The boundary element method is employed for modeling the acoustic disturbances in the cavity, while the finite element method is used for modeling the structural dynamics of the shell. The formulations are then combined into a coupled numerical scheme for the total pressure‐displacement field. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated by using the singular value decomposition algorithm. Physical insights into the resonance phenomena associated with sound–structure interactions are derived from the comparison between the results of the thin spherical shell, with and without the fluid loading effect.


Our study assessed the factors that influence the resistance of blood residues on dental surgical instruments to washer-disinfector-based cleaning procedures in a clinical setting. The use of 2 additional cleaning methods—presoaking and scrubbing by hand—and the use of newer and/or less structurally complex instruments significantly increased the efficacy of washer-disinfector cleaning.


Canadian Regulatio1l Requirements In Canada, persons wishing to practice psychology or use the title psychologist in the provinces or the Northwest Territories must hold a certificate of registration from the relevant provincial or territorial Registration, Certification, or Licensing Board for Psychologists (Canadian Psychological Association, 1995). Currently it is mandatory that psychologists in the Yukon Territory be registered. All Canadian provinces and the Northwest Territories have legislation in place that identifies registration and qualification requirements for the use of the psychologist title. Currently no jurisdiction in Canada has enacted &dquo;scope-of-practice&dquo; legislation such as has been proposed in British Columbia. With respect to use of the psychologist title and practice in school settings, two provinces, British Columbia and Manitoba, have specific exemptions from the registration requirement for individuals who are employed as psychologists in schools. Although all Canadian provinces and the Northwest Territories have enacted licensing acts for some form of registration of psychologists, a review of the acts indicates the training requirements and educational qualifications required for licensure vary considerably across jurisdictions (Canadian Psychological Association,1995): '


We construct a model of random groups of rank 7/4, and show that in this model the random group has the exponential mesoscopic rank property.


The study aimed to identify the finance aspects that are associated with starting and running small business enterprise in Kurdistan, in comparison with Swedish small business enterprises.
In caring out the study, a qualitative research method was used. The most important method data was sourced by primary data using interviews, utilizing a questionnaire. The researchers also used purposive sampling technique to select some of the top ranking personnel in Sherko Engineering Group, Jamal Company, Tanyayi Café, Cafe Clarintte, Café Master and Marianne Bageri. The analytical strategy used was in relying on theoretical propositions.
On the basis of the analysis of data collected during the interview, the study revealed that small business owners in developing countries such Kurdistan face many problems when compared with developed countries like Sweden. The finance problems facing Kurdish small business owners are ranked as follows: lack of finance in starting and developing business, non use of accounting and finance Standards, having few sources of finance and private banks, inability in determining money need and start up costs, lake of a factor for distinguishing between personal and business money, poor infrastructures, inappropriate legislation, lack of managerial skills in managing money; further problems are corruption and inflation. Small business owners in Sweden are face with the problems of high increase of work absentee due to cases of sicknesses by personnel and the effect of the weather on business. Also they face very few the problems that Kurdish small business has related finance aspects when establishing and managing the business, they have support of government completely.


Phase change nano droplets (PCND), whose diameters are 200-400 nm, are droplets of perfluorocarbon (PFC) covered with phospholipid layers. They are promising candidate for targeted drugs, because they are small enough to permeate through the tumor vessel wall and reach the tumor site by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. They can be vaporized by ultrasound and transformed to microbubbles at the accumulated site [1]. They will be utilized as ultrasound contrast agents and ultrasound therapy sensitizers. There are several types of PCND which are often used in research, whose internal compositions are different, such as perfluoropentane (PFP: C5F12) and perfluorohexane (PFH: C6F14) [2]. The lifetimes of generated microbubbles changed from PCND are different from type to type. The short lifetimes are suitable for contrast agents, and the long lifetimes are suitable for therapy sensitizers. Therefore, if the lifetimes of generated microbubbles can be controlled in some way after the accumulation at the tumor site, they can be used for both purposes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical behaviors of PCND through phase changes and to find the key to control these behaviors.


This paper proposes that the provision of online counselling services for young people accessed through their local school website has the potential to assist students with mental health issues as well as increasing their help seeking behaviours. It stems from the work of the authors who trialled an online counselling service within one Australian secondary school. In Australia, online counselling with the adult population is now an accepted part of the provision of mental health services. Online provision of mental health information for young people is also well accepted. However, online counselling for young people is provided by only a few community organisations such as Kids Help Line within Australia. School-based counselling services which are integral to most secondary schools in Australia, seem slow to provide this service in spite of initial interest and enthusiasm by individual school counsellors. This discussion is the product of reflection on the potential benefits of this trial with a consideration of relevant research of the issues raised. It highlights the need for further research into the use of computer-mediated communication in the provision of counselling within a school setting.


Recent studies on within-industry diversification - a firm's presence in more than one market niche within an industry - have started to unpack diversification and performance relationship inside an industry in order to show how within industry diversification differs from across-industry diversification. However, these studies are analyzing diversification-performance relationship based on the within industry diversification posture of the firm. Drawing on literature on market entry and organizational learning, I put forward two main determinants of success in new niche entries: breadth of experience and related experience. I argue and test for the trade-off in having high levels of both types of experience in determining new niche entry performance. I also consider if the effect of the trajectory of markets entered by a firm affects performance. More specifically, I look if how a given breadth of experience is accumulated have an effect by itself. Findings from the US Video Game Industry from 1972 to 20...


ABSTRACT Unregulated land use development within watersheds immensely degrades water bodies in developing countries. This study uses sociallymixed methods and spatial analysis approaches to identify and explicate the land use activities within the Offin watershed in Ghana. The study, which used Landsat images obtained from the US Geological Survey, found that the watershed of Offin has undergone extensive land use/cover change. The impact of land use/cover change on the Offin watershed is aggravated by the varied rainfall pattern in the area. The study recommends the adoption and enforcement of land use planning strategies.


Abstract The two recently collected mammalian dentary fragments from the Eocene Youganwo Formation of Guangdong Province, southern China, are referred to the anthracotheriid species Anthracokeryx naduongensis based on phylogenetic analysis and size comparison. One of these specimens (SYSU-M-1) is the first mammal fossil described from the Youganwo Formation. It was attributed previously to the perissodactyl genus Lunania. Anthracokeryx naduongensis was described originally from the lower upper Eocene Na Duong Formation in Northern Vietnam. The second record of this species supports a basal upper Eocene correlation for the Youganwo Formation, which was estimated previously as middle or late Eocene.


The present invention provides a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film for a flexible especially when the device was used as a substrate film for the dimensional change can be reduced in a variety of processes, the substrate film curls is smaller excellent processing suitability. The average of the biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film of the invention has at least a polyethylene terephthalate biaxially oriented film, and the film longitudinal direction of the refractive index (nMD) and the width direction of the refractive index (nTD) formed using the ((nMD + nTD) / 2 ) it is 1.655 ~ 1.70, and the refractive index (nZD) is 1.490 ~ 1.520 of the biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film having a film thickness direction.


A permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ is a $k$-separator if all of its patterns of length $k$ are distinct. Let $F(k)$ denote the maximal length of a $k$-separator. Hegarty (2013) showed that $k+\left\lfloor\sqrt{2k-1}\right\rfloor-1\leq F(k)\leq k+\left\lfloor\sqrt{2k-3}\right\rfloor$, and conjectured that $F(k)=k+\left\lfloor\sqrt{2k-1}\right\rfloor-1$. This paper will strengthen the upper bound to prove the conjecture for all sufficiently large $k$ (in particular, for all $k\geq 320801$).


As originally used by Fleming,l the term, "penicillin," described the total antibacterial activity produced by a particular mold. It is now known that a number of unrelated chemical substances may be produced by the same organism, and the term has come to mean a group of chemical compounds, to which the chief antibacterial activity is due, having one or other of the general formulae shown in FIGURE 1. At least six types of penicillin are now recognized (FIGURE 2 ) , differing from each other only in variations of R.2-5 The type of penicillin present in commercial samples varies greatly Under different conditions, one or another of the above types can be produced predominantly. At the present time, it is impossible to give more than an approximate idea as to what the relative composition of any given sample may be. When penicillin was being produced in surface cultures, type F predominated. Later, when deep fermentation first came into use, G was the predominant type. Following changes in strain of mold and in methods of fermentation and extraction, commercial preparations now ordinarily contain a mixture which is mostly F, K, and G penicillins. Penicillin X is usually present in only very small amounts, except in "penicillin" produced by surface culture. Much of the original work by the Oxford group was carried out with extremely impure material, assaying in the neighborhood of 50 units per milligram, or less. Subsequently, there has been steady improvemcnt in the purity of penicillin. Thus, from records taken by a single producer, between July 194Wune 1943, the potency of 42 batches was from 69 to 333 units per milligram. A t the end of 1945, 100 consecutive batches, from the same producer, averaged 1087 units per milligram, ranging from 900 to 1200 units per milligram.6 Coghill and Koch,' also, note a similar trend for the industry, as a whole. In


The article examines changes in the collective regulation of employment relations in the Australian Public Service over the last three decades. While federal Labor Governments in the 1990s briefly experimented with agency bargaining before returning to a service-wide approach to wage bargaining, the Howard Coalition Government encouraged federal public sector managers to individualize employment relations through the widespread offer of Australian Workplace Agreements and non-union collective agreements. This agenda was reinforced by policy parameters overseen by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, which placed constraints on the flexibility available to managers to negotiate agency-specific employment arrangements. Despite concerted efforts to marginalize the role of the Community and Public Sector Union since 1996, the union has maintained approximately 70 percent collective bargaining coverage within the Australian Public Service. Nevertheless, the 2005 amendments to the Workplace Relations Act (1996) imposed further restrictions on unions' right of entry to public sector workplaces, made the taking of industrial action more difficult, and sent a clear signal to the Government's managerial agents to adopt a more hostile approach to public sector unions. This hostile environment has brought to the fore issues of union organization and effectiveness and the concomitant need to maintain union democracy and an active voice for members in union decision-making processes.


With method of documentary and mathematical statistics,an analytic study is made on the subject selection of 152 dissertation in sports training theory postgraduates during 1982~2005 in Beijing Sport Uinversity.It concluded some character- istics of selection of dissertation,revealed the problems in subject selection,and put forward some improving suggestions.


This paper discusses the role of social entrepreneurship in developing countries. It demonstrates how organisations use entrepreneurial concepts in alleviating social problems by creating social value. Utilising comparative case study analysis and a bounded multi-dimensional model, the study focuses on organizations from India and Kenya. The findings suggest that, for social organizations in developing countries, social value is created through innovation and proactiveness of these organizations. Additionally, these organizations had environmental constraints impacting on their sustainability. The findings also revealed factors that were not represented in the model, such as successful networks and partnerships. Conclusions, highlighting policy recommendations and further research are made.


Increasingly, the world that we perceive presents itself as a world of floating images.1 We tend to associate this experience primarily with the moving pictures of film and television, and this association, at least among intellectuals, normally leads to complaints about the technologization of our lives as it has occurred over the past century. There are only a few authors who ask themselves why moving pictures should be any worse or any more dangerous than the static pictures of painting or photography; even fewer of them make reference to another?also much increased?modality of perceiving the world as a continuum of moving pictures, that is, to the situation of the moving observer. Through the windows of railroad cars,2 automobiles, and airplanes, too, the world appears as a moving world, and it is not by coincidence that the most revolutionary scientific discovery of this century uses as its key reference the world perception made from a moving train.3 But while there is no empirical evidence that one could hold against the fact of an increasing proportion of moving images in our entire world perception, it is also true that whatever we call "life" must have been seen, heard, and felt as in-movement from the begin ning. Should we then not admit that, at least within "life" as the central sector of our perception, the proportion of moving images has re mained unchanged? Here exactly lies the point of departure for my essay. Counter to the thesis of a stability in the proportion of moving images within "life," I believe that the variety and the quantity of rituals staged with the explicit and exclusive goal of displaying human bodies in movement has clearly grown over the past decades. Such rituals present human bodies under the constraints of manifold sets of rules that often seem to produce effects of body grammaticalization (a limited number of rules producing an infinity of forms that share certain basic features).4 Most of these rituals are covered by our everyday concept of "sports," and although we tend to presuppose that sports (or their equivalent) have existed ever


Optical limiting of nanosecond duration laser pulses is demonstrated in lead galliate glasses. The dominant mechanism is thermally induced refractive index change with a small contribution from nonlinear absorption. Output fluences typically clamp about 5 µJ/cm2 for blue laser pulses and ~ 20 µJ/cm2 for red laser pulses, corresponding to optical densities of ~ 2.0. Effects of the addition of various traditional network formers (SiO2, GeO2, and B2O3) on the limiting are evaluated. Additionally, some material independent parameters associated with the optical limiting system are studied.


External pressure is widely applied to the fabrication and assembling of solid-state batteries, which can reduce grain sizes, enhance solid–solid contacts, and further increase the ionic conductivi...


Consider a contemporary retrieval of Aristotle's account of moral perception. Drawing from EN.VI.8, Martha Nussbaum argues that we perceive moral particulars prior to ethical principles. First, I explain her priority of the particular thesis. The virtuous person perceives value in the world, as part of her moral deliberation. This perceptual skill is an important aspect of her virtuous activity, and hence also part of her eudaimonia. Second, I present her priority thesis with a dilemma: our perception of moral particulars is either non-inferential or it is inferential. If Nussbaum accepts a non-inferential interpretation, then she is committed to an unsavory view about moral epistemology –one that invites intuitionism and relativism. But if she accepts a non-inferential account, then the moral particular is no longer prior to the ethical principle. I suggest that her better option is to grab the second horn. This move avoids the problems of the first horn without sacrificing her neo-Aristotelian commitments or her overarching view that the perception of moral particulars is ineliminable to moral deliberation (and eudaimonia). At the same time, this move renders her priority thesis trivial.


: This paper deals with the control, designing and construction of a small solar power system for home needs . A PV array of 33V to 43.2V is taken as an input and its output voltage is achieved as 360V dc using a fly back converter. The battery of 360V  is charged. Then this sored energy is converted to a single phase ac of 220v and 50 Hz   using a single-phase voltage source inverter. A closed loop control for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a PI (Proportional Integral) controller for output voltage control of VSI are used to control  the system. Perturbation and observation method is applied for MPPT. The simulation of the developed model of the designed SPV system is performed in Matlab software. Simulation results are presented with linear and nonlinear loads to demonstrate its operation in satisfactory manner..


Peruvian prison situation, despite sorne efforts, continues to face a serious crisis. In general , the Peruvian prison is characterized as all prisons in the region to be populated by poor people and the different values which are commonly considered as positive, remains the physical and 1 or psychological violence; where everyday acts of corruption and abuse of power are evident not only between the authorities and the inmates, but also between those detainees and the State generates economic costs by keeping inmates in prisons, where the daily maintenance of an inmate is S 1. 4.00 in which includes breakfast, lunch and dinner, which multiplied by the total amount of a prison population (such as criminal Miracle, about 2500 inmates) being exorbitant amounts invested in them without any benefit to the S tate Peruano. The difference shows in the same prison where not so long ago the codes of honor honored without discussion in the underworld of crime. An old nest remained among inmates witho1:1t hesitation respecting the so-called" Taita", which in practice had a higher rank than himself appointed as Chief Interna! Pavilion which was under his control . In this sub - world and after " Taita", the top of the hierarchy were the assailants with the rank of " gang leaders " and drug traffickers, highlighting the top the most heartless, the prontuariados, which had more cuts in chest and arms. Secondly murderers, thieves, fraudsters and, last but deep down, sex offenders ( rapists ) .


This text teaches the basics of Japanese conversation through 12 manga-illustrated episodes in a self-paced language course. An audio tape of dialogues, drills and tasks is available separately.


The concept of non-governmental lending is used as an alternative for that of nongovernmental finance by the Academia.After the academic and institutional search,the former is earlier to be used and accepted.After comparison,non-governmental lending is the primitive form of non-governmental finance.The former is subject to behavioral law,the latter to main body law;due to on-going reform in financial system,the legislative base is not solid,when legislating the nongovernmental finance,focus should be put on the non-governmental lending.


A practical method for preparation of ferrocenyl alkenes, dienes, and enynes from ferrocenyl carbonyls was explored. A one-pot operation using samarium diiodide to promote the condensation reactions of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, acetylferrocene, benzoylferrocene, and butanoylferrocene with benzyl bromides, allyl bromide, propargyl bromide, and 1-bromo-3-chlorobutane gave the olefinic products in very high yields. The condensation reactions were also achieved by using catalytic amounts of SmI(2) with magnesium to regenerate the divalent samarium reducing agent.


This study aims to determine the dominant sector economy Lamongan district for information and consideration in planning economic development. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series (time series) of the Bruto Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) Lamongan District and East Java Province in 2005-2009. Analysis tools used in this study, namely the analysis of Location Quotient (LQ), Ressuffle Coeffisient analysis, analysis and analysis of the Multiplier Klassen Tipology Workmanship. Location Quotient analysis results show the agricultural sector, financial sector, renting and business services, construction, electricity, gas and water supply, the services sector is a sector base in the district of Lamongan. Results of analysis indicate that the sector Coeffisient Ressuffle having a shift in the future of manufacturing, electricity and water sector, building sector, trade, hotels and restaurants, finance, leasing and services company. Klassen Tipology analysis showed that the advanced sector and a rapidly growing sector of electricity and clean water and the sector trade, hotels and restaurants. Work Multiplier analysis shows that the sectors that can absorb the labor of agriculture, electricity, gas and water utilities, the construction sector and services sector. The results of the analysis per sector based on the four tools of analysis shows that the sector which is the dominant sector in the district of Lamongan with the criteria developed and rapidly growing sector, the sector basis, and has a strong shift in the sector of electricity, gas and water supply.


The present invention provides spray-dried polyene compositions for oral inhalation to the lung. The polyene antifungal compositions demonstrate superior aerosol properties, do not exhibit appreciable degradation of the polyene upon spray-drying, and are useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of both pulmonary and systemic fungal infections.


Objective To investigate the effects of salvia miltiorrhiza on gene expression of interstitial collagenase and type I collagen in HSC-T6 cell. Methods Hepatic stellate cell ( HSC-T6 ) was cultured in medium containing different concentration of salvia mihiorrhiza (0. 8, 0. 4 g/L) and cells were collected after" incubation for 48 hours. Total RNA of HSC was isolated and gene expression levels of interstitial collagenase (MMP13) and type I c?llagen were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results MMP13 gene expression level of different groups of salvia mihiorrhiza (0. 8, 0. 4 g/L) were 0. 25 + 0. 05, 0. 27 ± 0. 06 respectively and that of control group was 0. 26 ± 0. 04. Type I collagen gene expression level of different groups of salvia mihiorrhiza (0. 8, 0. 4 g/L) were 0. 76 +0. 10, 1.55± 0.23 respectively and that of control group was 3.12 ±0.46. Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza may significantly inhibit type I collagen gene expression of HSC-T6 and the effects were correlate with the dosage. Sal- via mihiorrhiza has no effect on MMP13 gene expression.

Key words:
Salvia mihiorrhiza;  HSC-T6 cell;  Interstitial collagenase ;  Type I collagen ;  Gene expression


who classification of tumours of soft tissue radiology. what is a soft tissue sara american cancer society. soft tissue tumours ppt neoplasms benign tumor. pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. who classification of tumours 5th edition soft tissue. updates from the new who classification of soft tissue and. soft tissue tumors new perspectives on classification and. who classification of soft tissue tumours an update based. the evolving classification of soft tissue tumours an. soft tissue and bone tumours who classification of. publication of the who classification of tumours 5th. recent advances in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours. who classification of soft tissue tumors mafiadoc com. who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. sara classification an update based on the 2013 world. new tnm classification ajcc eighth edition oup academic. pdf who classification of tumours of soft tissue and. soft tissue tumor linkedin slideshare. who classification of tumours online. who classification of soft tissue tumours request pdf. who classification changes for soft tissue and bone tumors. iarc publications who classification of tumours of soft. classification of tumours pdf download free. who classification of tumors of soft tissue radiology. soft tissue sara. sara classification an update based on the 2013 world. who iarc classification of tumours. soft tissue tumours radiology key. soft tissue and bone tumours. pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. soft tissue lesions libre pathology. who classification of tumours of the central nervous. sara classification an update based on the 2013 world. who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. who classification of tumours. who classification of soft tissue tumours an update based. pdf pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and. pdf who classification of tumours of soft tissue and. the who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. what is the difference between benign intermediate and. who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. world health organization who classification of tumours. buy who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. what is the who classification of soft tissue tumors. pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone op. iarc publications website soft tissue and bone tumours. pdf who classification of soft tissue tumors. who classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. iarc publications website


Low level clouds are abundant in the Earth's atmosphere. Not only do they play a key role in local climate, but low clouds also significantly influence global climate and thus play an essential role in climate change. Global climate and weather models do not reproduce low-level clouds in a realistic way. In addition, it is becoming clear that a significant part of the uncertainty in climate change projection is a result of the uncertainty in low-level cloud response. We argue that a significant improvement of the simulation of moist convective boundary layers and thus low-level clouds can be achieved by a more integrated parameterization of the subgrid-scale turbulence and convection. In this context, a new boundary layer parameterization is developed, which unifies the parameterization of boundary layer mixing and shallow convection. The new scheme is implemented in a single-column-model (SCM). Along with a realistic representation of moist physics, the SCM with the new parameterization can represent stratocumulus and shallow-cumulus toped boundary layers and the transition between those two regimes.


This research is divided into 3 parts.The first part is to investigate carbon nanotube performance.The living free radical polymerizations are used to modify the surface.It is found the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube nanocomposites increase significantly. The second part is to investigate the nanoclay polymer composites.The living free radical polymerizations are used to exfoliate the clay.It is found that PU-Clay and EVA-Clay nanocomposite show twofold increase in the tensile strength. Finally,the optoelectronic application of clay nanocomposite was employed to increase the wear properties of electronic materials.The wear properties increase significantly after adding the clay.


This paper analyzes the structure of OA which is based on B/S framework, and then measures the risk of key factors which affect the OA running speed by Fishbone chart and FMEA matrix . According to the size of the risk, we can find out the key points of managing and controlling OA speed, and suggest the measures to improve the efficiency of file-auditing electronically. IT project can be improved by the 6 sigma tools, of which we can expand the scope of application, and then put forward the new method to measure the risk in IT project, the method can be validated correctness and validity by the example in this paper.


"…but falling in with a larger emigrant train... bound for the, then, Territory of Oregon, he was persuaded to continue with them; which cost him his life."


The present invention, interferon, in particular IFNα-n1, IFNα-n3, comprising administering a human leukocyte IFN [alpha] or IFN beta-1b, to a method for treating or inhibiting SARS-CoV infection.


In the state-of-the-art hardware/software (HW/SW) co- design of embedded systems, there is a lack of sufficient support for architectural specifications across HW/SW boundaries. Such an architectural specification ought to capture both hardware and software components and their interactions, and facilitate effective design exploitation of HW/SW trade-offs and scalable HW/SW co-verification. In this paper, we present the embedded architecture description language (EADL). It is based on a component model for embedded systems that unifies hardware and software components. EADL does not dictate execution and interface semantics of hardware and software components while supporting flexible platform-oriented semantics instantiation. EADL supports concise representation of embedded system architectures and also formulation of architectural patterns of embedded systems. Besides facilitating design reuse, architectural patterns also facilitate verification reuse via association of properly templates with these patterns. Effectiveness of EADL has been demonstrated by its successful application in integrating component-based co-design, co- simulation, co-verification, and system synthesis.


Nobody is better qualified to contribute the book on Berea for the Black America Series ofArcadia Publishing than Jacqueline Grisby Burnside. Her Ph.D. dissertation at Yale concerned the interracial heritage of Berea, and she has been deeply involved in the Historic Black Berea Project, which has created a touring map with an audio tape and CD. She chairs the Sociology Department at her alma mater, Berea College. This book consists primarily of photographs with captions.


The purpose of this study was to calculate the external force, moment and power on the upper extremity of an elite player during the first service. The upper extremity of the subject was separated into three segments. The body segment parameter of the subject was calculated by using the mathematical model of truncated elliptical cone. The dynamical variables in the upper segment joints were determined via the 2D inverse dynamical solution. The present analysis shows the effectiveness of the truncated cone mathematical model as a high precision method for the calculation of body segment parameters. The wrist joint had been determined to sustain the greatest joint power during the contact phase. Regular training on the wrist extensors and elbow flexors is recommended for reducing the possibility of injury due to stress exerted on the flexor through eccentric contraction during the acceleration phase.


Abstract : The objective of this effort, a small part of a larger study, was to determine the extent to which dextroamphetamine, caffeine, modafinil, and placebo affected participant ability to employ good aircrew coordination practices and function as an effective crew during emergency situations. Thirty-two UH-60 rated aviators, participating as crews of two under one of the four conditions, were assessed for aircrew coordination, crew response time, and seven flight performance measures during emergencies presented at 23, 47, and 71 hours of continuous wakefulness. While some aspects of the flight performance revealed statistically significant differences, it is clear that drug condition made no consistent significant difference in aircrew performance. The fatigue effect was limited to aircrew coordination, while not significantly affecting flight performance or response time. The variable which had the most significant albeit inconsistent effect on performance was flight experience. The findings demonstrate that analyses of performance during relatively short, stimulating experiences do not provide reliable evidence as to the effectiveness of stimulants.


Use of the standard x2 statistic for testing modes of inheritance in dose or concentration-mortality studies is discussed. Because the standard x2 statistic assumes that the only source of variability is the random binomial variation, this test is not applicable in many cases. Deriving an appropriate method for determining mode of inheritance should include a study of the sources of variation in the given set of experiments. Such a method is given for a study of cyhexatin and propargite resistances in Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor. The procedure includes the use of a modified x2 statistic that is appropriate for the analysis of bioassay data with extra sources of variation between replicates at the same dose.


Feeding effects of steamed brown rice for forage on the growth and the meat productive performances of Japanese Black Steers were analyzed. In total eight Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups, one were fattened conventionally by normal concentrate diets (control, n = 4), the other was given diets containing 30% steamed brown rice as a replacement for a part of concentrate (experimental group, n = 4). Due to the higher intake of rice-straw in the test group, there observed significant differences in estimated total TDN intake of whole fattening period between two groups. Instead, no significant differences were observed in any growth traits and daily gain. No significant differences were observed in the carcass grading traits, moisture (%), crude fat (%), crude protein (%) and fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscles. It was suggested that the replacement of 30% concentrate diet into steamed brown rice dose not bring any undesirable effects on the growth and the meat productive performances, and can be used for substitutional diet in the fattening of Japanese Black Steers.