The change of the oath-making conventions from the Shang to the West Zhou Dynasty went through three periods of development starting from about a time between King of Cheng and King of Kang.During this period of time,the practice of the Zhou people to accept people of other families into their patriarchal rule was the key policy to integrate the Zhou people with different tribes and the Shang family.Enfeoffment,court meeting,sacrifice-offering and execution made patriarchal ideas and oath-making conventions mutually influence,which changed considerably the social structure and national distinctions in those days.


Findings from a multi-component 4-H camp marketing and enrollment study of Ohio 4-H camps are highlighted. Significant influencers on the camp enrollment decision (parents, other adults, peers, siblings, and the respective camper) are evaluated as well as the effectiveness of various marketing techniques. The data found in this study indicates that the decision to enroll in camp is most influenced by the respective 4-H camper; however parents are also a strong factor in the choice to participate in 4-H camps. Alumni parents report significantly higher influence in the camp enrollment decision than those parents who are not alumni of 4-H. Personal methods of promoting camps were rated the most effective in reaching potential camp audiences.


One biocidal composition towel isopropyl myristate comprises at least 0.2% w / w, and does not include other derivatives of myristic acid. Phenoxyethanol in the composition is the concentration of ethanol is preferably 1wt% or less. If the composition is an alcohol-based gels towels, it may also be a glycol such as dipropylene glycol. If the composition is an emulsion or dispersion, it may also be a glycol such as propylene glycol. Additional biocides may include, for example triclosan and chlorhexidine gluconate.


Progress is summarized in this report for each of the following tasks: (1) multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics computer code development; (2) 2D radiation-hydrodynamic code development; (3) ALARA: analytic and Laplacian adaptive radioactivity analysis -- a complete package for analysis of induced activation; (4) structural dynamics modeling of ICF reactor chambers; and (5) analysis of self-consistent target chamber clearing.


In this work a novel High Performance Computing Platform aimed at streamline the application of demanding Earth Observation algorithms is presented. The platform is today in the operational phase and it is opened to new users. The development of the High Performance Computing (HPC) services has been carried out during the execution of the DYDAS project, that was aimed at developing a collaborative platform for offering data, algorithms, processing and analysis services to a large number of users from different public and private user communities. The platform will also act as an e-marketplace enabling transactions for accessing data and added value services enabled by HPC and based on Big Data technologies, machine learning, AI and advanced data analytics. Such strategy has been implemented with the purpose to match demand and offer among those who own intellectual properties on data/methods for their use and those who need or want to exploit them. In this manuscript, an example of data processing using Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data in a supervised classification exercise is presented.


The invention discloses a method of fixing paclitaxel on a solid phase carrier. Maleic anhydride is combined to the surface of the solid phase carrier, paclitaxel reacts with maleic anhydride, and thus paclitaxel is fixed on the solid phase carrier. After paclitaxel is fixed on the solid phase carrier through the provided method, paclitaxel is taken as a specific antibody, and thus the paclitaxel concentration of a sample can be measured according to the principle of competitive inhibition enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the conventional methods, the provided method has the advantages of more convenience, fastness, sensitivity, and practicality in paclitaxel detection.


Background: In animals due to multiple factors sometime wound management with topical anti-septic dressing along with routine medication does not give any satisfactory outcome and becomes a challenge for the veterinarians. Due to antibacterial and wound healing enhancement properties of silver nano-particles in different forms, it is widely used topically in human wound therapy. The application of silver nano-particles in wound healing in chronic complicated wounds in animals especially in clinical cases is very less documented. Methods: Total twenty seven animals of various species, viz., dogs (n=20), goats (n=6), cat (n=1) and buffalo (n=1) presented with different types of chronic complicated wounds on different body parts were included in this study. The wounds after evaluation were treated according to conditions with routine antiseptic dressing with other required parenteral medications for initial 3 days. All the wounds were also subjected for topical application of silver nano-particles (100 ppm AgNOs spay) twice a day. The day of presentation was considered as a day '0' and subsequent days for granulation, wound contraction and complete healing were recorded. Result: Amongst 20 canine wound cases, granulation of tissues with wound contraction was noted in around 5-12 days and complete healing of wound with or without scar formation was observed in 15-32 days. Among the six female goat patients, complete wound healing was observed on day 16 to day 19 according to the site and depth of wounds. In the wounds located on head, perivulvar, perineal, abdominal regions showed the marked granulation from day 3 to day 5 along with remarkable wound contraction. The wounds presented on limbs exhibited less granulation compared to wounds presented on other parts. The granulation was observed from day 5th on limb region. In all the cases healing period was found variable from day 10 to day 32.


In his Book My Century G. Grass experiments with different Genres employing all possible linguistic and stylistic means. The art of storytelling by G. Grass is to interweave the symbols and the plot, which create the structure of the story.


AbstractThe sporadic nature of the excess heat reported from heavy water electrolysis has been widely attributed to variability among the different palladium cathodes used. Experimental repeatability should, therefore, be enhanced if the microstructure of the palladium can be controlled. Toward this end, palladium rod samples from two heavy water electrolysis experiments were compared to a sample representative of the as-installed condition. The samples examined showed equiaxed grains and significant abnormal grain growth. The rod axes had strong textures, which were attributed to their prior thermomechanical history. The postelectrolysis palladium rods were sampled at two locations that were suspected to have operated at different average current densities. The suspected higher current density regions consisted of single-phase Pd-D0.7 microstructures. Surface-originated cracks were seen along the grain boundaries in one of two such specimens. Cracks were absent in samples from the suspected lower current...


Most studies on chemical and biological control of arthropod pests of agriculture do not consider the effects of partial host plant resistance. We present research using two partially resistant and a susceptible cultivar of common cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and determining specific effects of interactions between the host plants, one or two common crucifer aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer, a generalist species and Brevicoryne brassicae L., a crucifer specialist), selective insecticides (pirimicarb and a neem seed kernel extract) and a predator (the predatory gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani). A pirimicarb dose equating to c. 15% of the recommended field concentration caused equivalent toxicity of M. persicae on a partially resistant cultivar compared with aphids treated with a three-fold greater dose and reared on the susceptible cultivar. Cultivar-mediated differences in mortality caused by a neem extract tested for systemic and translaminar activity (at the recommended concentration) were not apparent. In a laboratory-based tritrophic system including both species of aphid, three common cabbage cultivars and A. aphidimyza, cultivar effects were particularly pronounced in relation to predator survival from egg to adult, the survival rates being at least 2.5-fold greater on the susceptible cultivar (compared with the two partially resistant cultivars) with both aphid host species. Predator larval body length were also less on the partially resistant compared with susceptible cultivar with both aphid species as hosts. Considerable variation (between host plants/cultivars and sites) in M. persicae infestation intensity were noted in field studies in two different zones of the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The results are discussed in relation to ways in which compatibility between partial host plant resistance, selective insecticides and biological control may be manipulated and optimised in crucifer aphid management systems.


This study aimed to assess the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with different antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa) infections. A total of 120 surgical or burn wound samples were collected from a tertiary care hospital. The samples were cultured on cetrimide agar plates and then heated to 370 degrees Celsius. The isolates were identified based on colony shape, Gram's staining, and various biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to CLSI 2022 recommendations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated using the agar well diffusion technique and the microdilution method. The synergistic effect of antibiotics and AgNPs was assessed using the Checkerboard method. Out of the 120 samples, 46 (38.8%) were confirmed as positive for P. aeruginosa, and among them, 33 were identified as MDR P. aeruginosa. Seven representative isolates were selected for further analysis. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 12mm at 4mg/ml and a minimum of 2.5mm at 1mg/ml using the agar well diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of AgNPs indicated that all isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 250mg/ml. The Checkerboard results revealed that colistin and gentamicin exhibited complete synergism with AgNPs, while ciprofloxacin showed partial synergism with AgNPs.


A kinetic model was developed to predict the removal of aqueous metronidazole utilizing the UV/H2O2 process. The rate constant for the reaction between metronidazole and hydroxyl radicals was determined to be 1.98 × 109 M−1 s−1. The model was able to predict an optimal initial H2O2 dose and the inhibitory effects of high H2O2 doses and bicarbonate ions in the aqueous solution. Simulations were performed for three different photoreactors treating a 6 μM solution of metronidazole at various influent H2O2 doses and photoreactor radii. The predicted removal rates of metronidazole were 4.9−13% and 14−41% for the single-lamp and multilamp photoreactors, respectively. Selection of a photoreactor radius for maximum metronidazole removal varied with influent H2O2 concentration. The lowest operational cost of $0.05 per mmol removed was projected for the multilamp photoreactor. Operationally, it was cost-effective to utilize higher UV lamp output (36W), while keeping influent H2O2 concentration low (25 mg/L).


An embedded cavity model is used here to match the high-resolution, high SNR diffuse band profiles for 5780 and 6613 A observed in the direction of the star HD187982 in order to test the dust grain hypothesis for the origin of diffuse interstellar bands. The steps which can be followed using the model to solve systematically for the values of the oscillator strength, concentration, the natural frequency of the resonant impurity absorbers, and the column density of the host grains along the observed line of sight are outlined. These steps are used to present a variety of theoretical band profiles both for single grain types and for a distribution of grain types, all plotted on the same axes and with the same scale as the observed profiles, in order to demonstrate the range of grain and impurity characteristics which yield a satisfactory fit to the observations. 43 references.


In the present review a discussion of simulation of IR spectral studies of some organic compound is presented. This review contains 80 references. approximately 14000-4000 cm −1 (0.8-2.5 μm wavelength) can excite overtone or harmonic vibrations. The mid- infrared, approximately 4000-400 cm −1 (2.5-25 μm) may be used to study the fundamental vibrations and associated rotational-vibrational structure. The far-infrared, approximately 400-10 cm −1 (25-1000 μm), lying adjacent to the microwave region, has low energy and may be used for rotational spectroscopy. The names and classifications of these sub regions are conventional, and are only loosely based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used by organic and inorganic chemists. Simply, it is the absorption measurement of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. The main goal of IR spectroscopic analysis is to determine the chemical functional groups in the sample. Different functional groups absorb characteristic frequencies of IR radiation. Using various sampling accessories, IR spectrophotometers can accept a wide range of sample types such as gases, liquids, and solids. Thus, IR spectroscopy is an important and popular tool for structural elucidation and compound identification. It is useful to divide the infra red region into three sections; near, mid and far infra red; Region


The absence of motor vehicle traffic and suspended human activities during the COVID-19 lockdown period in China produced a unique experiment to assess the efficiency of air pollution mitigation. Herein, we synthetically analyzed monitoring data of atmospheric pollutants together with meteorological parameters to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality in Guiyang, southwestern China. The results show that the Air Quality Index (AQI) during the lockdown period decreased by 7.4% and 23.48% compared to pre-lockdown levels and the identical lunar period during the past 3 years, respectively, which exhibited optimal air quality due to reduced emissions. The sharp decrease in NO2 concentration reduced the "titration" effect and elevated the O3 concentration by 31.94% during the lockdown period. Meteorological conditions significantly impacted air quality, and serious pollution events might also occur under emission reductions. Falling wind speeds and increasing relative humidity were the direct causes of the pollution event on February 1st. The "first rain" increases the hygroscopicity of atmospheric particulate matter and then elevate its concentration, while continuous rainfall significantly impacted the removal of atmospheric particulate matter. As impacted by the lockdown, the spatial distribution of the NO2 concentration sharply decreased on the whole, while the O3 concentration increased significantly. The implications of this study are as follows: Measures should be formulated to prevent O3 pollution when emission reduction measures are being adopted to improve air quality, and an emphasis should be placed on the impact of secondary aerosols formation by gas-particle conversion.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of board characteristics on debt choice.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises of unique nonfinancial firms listed in the FTSE 350 over the period 2011–2018. This study uses Tobit and OLS regressions to check the impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The results are robust to the battery of robust checks.

Findings
This study finds that board size and board independence are positively associated with public debt. However, CEO duality and board meetings frequency are inversely associated with public debt. Overall, the findings are consistent with the "financial intermediation theory" that the firms with weak governance rely on bank financing, and firms with better corporate governance go for public debt.

Research limitations/implications
This study offers significant insights for investors and policymakers.

Originality/value
This study offers new insights regarding the role of board characteristics in firms' debt choice by showing the significant impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The findings indicate that the board's efficient internal monitoring may substitute external monitoring by the bank.


A simple, fast, accurate and precise method has beendeveloped for the determination of Eperisone Hydrochloride from pharmaceutical formulation by Reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The separation was carried out on C column using mobile phase consisting of methanol and phosphate buffer 18 H P 6 (90:10 V/V) at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The UV detection was carried out at wave length of 256nm. The 2 retention time was found to be 3.46min. The method was found to be linear (r >0.999) in the range of 525ìg/ml. The proposed method has validated according to ICH guideline with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method can be successfully applicable to pharmaceutical preparation.


A large number of viscosity determinations have been carried out with liquids at temperatures near the ordinary room temperature, and some observations at lower and higher temperatures have also been made by similar methods to those adopted for working at the usual temperatures. Measurements at temperatures higher than 300° to 400° C. present con siderable difficulties, and until the present year this subject had not even been touched by experimenters. As I was anxious to determine the viscosity of substances which melt at temperatures up to a white heat, I lately set myself to work out a satisfactory method of determination. The present communication contains a description of the method used. The method is suitable for the measurement of the viscosity of liquids which are not very viscous—not more than say 50 times as viscous as water, and is especially designed for the determination of the viscosity of molten metals and salts. The determination of the viscosity of salts up to 1200° C., or even higher, can be quite satisfactorily carried out by this method. Determinations of the viscosity of metals are much more difficult, owing to the impossibility of preventing a certain amount of surface oxidation. The smallest trace of surface oxidation will completely spoil a series of observa tions, and the prevention of oxidation is really the chief difficulty in such determinations. Previous Work in this Branch. The usual method adopted for the determination of viscosity at ordinary temperatures depends on the rate of flow of the liquid through a capillary tube. The determination is easy to carry out, the calculation of the viscosity from the time of flow is simple, and the experimental results are in close agreement with the laws of flow deduced from theoretical con siderations. The glass capillary has been used up to 250° C. by Beck* for the determination of the viscosity of fused mercury salts. With a Jena glass tube the method has been used as high as 600° C. for the determination of


Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with good properties was synthesized. The morphology,particle size,magnetic properties and surface of the sample were investigated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM),vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and infrared spectrum (IR). In addition,we conducted the animal MRI experiments,and in the mean time,we compared our sample with the sample from Harvard Medical School. The results suggested that our sample was well dispersed,the diameter of the nanoparticle was no more than 10nm and the magnetic properties of the sample was superparamagentic. Animal experiments showed that in the aspect of improving the signal contrast,our sample was better than that of sample from Harvard Medical School. Our sample can be a good candidate for MRI contrast agent.


The rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of Si implanted with Bi+, to a dose of 5.0×1014 cm−2 at the energy of 150 keV, was investigated using sheet resistivity, Hall measurements, and channeling analysis. Approximately 95% of the Bi dose is found substitutional and 90% is electrically active after annealing is performed at 600 °C for times longer than 1 min. The electrical activation yield of Bi after RTA at temperatures ≥700 °C is observed to decrease when increasing the temperature and time of the annealing process. The data taken from electrical measurements and angular scan across the 〈100〉 axis are evidence that the electrically inactive concentration of the Bi correlates with the concentration of Bi atoms located slightly displaced from the crystal rows.


The most common complications of Meckel's diverticulum are Intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, adherence, intussusception, acute diverticulitis and rarely malignancy. Reported mechanism of intestinal obstruction in Meckel's diverticulum include invagination, adherence and volvulus. Obstruction of ileum caused by volvulus of Meckel's diverticulum is not a very frequent condition. Here we describe a case of intestinal obstruction caused by volvulus of ileum over non-inflamed Meckel's diverticulum.


The goal of this research project is to bridge the gap between embedded systems, real-time systems and database systems, with a particular focus on the software development tools. Significant amount of research has focused on how to incorporate database functionality into real-time systems without jeopardizing timeliness and how to incorporate real-time behavior into embedded systems. However, research for embedded databases used in embedded real-time systems, which explicitly address (i) the development and design process, and (ii) the limited amount of resources in embedded systems is sparse. This type of research inherits the challenges from component-based software engineering, embedded systems, and real-time systems. Further, this research explicitly addresses system resource demand for the system in the design of the embedded database in order to minimize system resource usage.


The article deals with the benefits of using hydroxyethyl starch in the complex of intensive carein critical states at the prehospitalstage. The data from a study on evaluating the efficacy and safety of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 Voluven are provided.


This invention relates to a method and apparatus to modify the slip characteristics of a polymer pipe (18) .This apparatus is characterized in that it comprises a pretreatment reactor chamber (60) comprising a plurality high-frequency electrodes (76, 78), wherein at least one of the electrodes (76) is a grounded electrode, and a first tube (69) proximate the plurality of electrodes (76, 78); and a deposition zone of a monomer (66) comprising a plurality of high-frequency electrodes (76 ', 78'), wherein at least one of the electrodes (76 ') is a grounding electrode, a second tube (69 ') close to the plurality of electrodes (76', 78 ') and a monomer source (58) operatively connected to the second tube (69').


Abstract New polythioethers were synthesized by Michael addition reaction of bis(1-mercapto-2-ethylether) with various bismaleimides containing ester groups in the backbone. The reaction was performed at room temperature using m-cresol as solvent and in the presence of tributylamine as catalyst. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The polymers were characterized by determining softening points, evaluating their solubility and studying their thermal behavior by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermooptical (TOA) measurements.


A new magneto-optic angular displacement (MOAD) sensor is reported for measuring small angular and spatial displacements of the surfaces of the material remotely. It is based on observation of changes in the intensity of the reflected polarized light beam, which passes through a magneto-optic (MO) thin garnet film with the controlled periodical displacement of one domain wall. Using Jones matrices for optical elements in the MOAD sensor system, simulated intensity of the MOAD sensor was obtained and compared with experimentally detected intensity. Results from simulation are in good agreement with experimental values. The MOAD sensor allows observation of angular displacement of a material located remotely from the laser and detector with resolution of 0.01deg


In this study, ultrasound was employed to remove color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from baker's yeast effluent. An ultrasonic homogenizator with 20kHz frequency was used for this purpose. The effect of operational parameters such as ultrasonic power, pulsed cycle, volume of wastewater and dilution ratio (wastewater volume/distilled water volume) was investigated. It was observed that decolorization increased with increasing ultrasonic power and with decreasing wastewater volume. The results show that there was no significant effect of pulsed cycle and an optimum dilution ratio was 1⁄4 on decolorization of baker's yeast effluent. There was no change on COD value at the studied conditions.


Purpose The possibility of mental illness caused by the academic emotions and academic pressure of graduate students has received widespread attention. Discovering hidden academic emotions by mining graduate students' speeches in social networks has strong practical significance for the mental state discovery of graduate students. Design/methodology/approach Through data collected from online academic forum, a text based BiGRU-Attention model was conducted to achieve academic emotion recognition and classification, and a keyword statistics and topic analysis was performed for topic discussion among graduate posts. Findings Female graduate students post more than male students, and graduates majoring in chemistry post the most. Using the BiGRU-Attention model to identify and classify academic emotions has a performance with precision, recall and F1 score of more than 95%, the category of PA (Positive Activating) has the best classification performance. Through the analysis of post topics and keywords, the academic emotions of graduates mainly come from academic pressure, interpersonal relationships and career related. Originality A BiGRU-Attention model based on deep learning method is proposed to combine classical academic emotion classification and categories to achieve a text academic emotion recognition method based on user generated content.


The knowledge of phase equilibria is an important step in the development of extraction processes. This knowledge is usually gained from experiments. However, this procedure is expensive when a suitable solvent has to be found for a specific separation. Therefore methods for predicting phase equilibria are needed. While formerly these methods were largely based on empirical assumptions, the use of the concept of local compositions by Wilson6 offers a semi-empirical approach. There is one disadvantage of this approach: the parameters of models like UNIQUAC or NRTL have to be fitted to different types of data, to liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) for the immiscible pairs of components and to vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) or other data for the miscible pairs in a system with mutual solubility. To demonstrate the problem we performed measurements in the binary systems: n-octane/aniline and methylcylohexane/aniline. of both liquid-liquid equilibrium and vapour-liquid equilibrium: for the second type of measureme...


Objectives: Heat Shock protein or Heat stress protein (Hsp) are produced by all organisms to overcome heat stress. Henceforth, they are critical controllers of cell multiplication, separation and unequivocally embroiled in the sub-atomic coordination of malignant growth improvement and movement the same number of their customers is settled oncoproteins in numerous tumor types. Methods :  Curiously, tumor cells are more HSP chaperonage-subordinate than ordinary cells for multiplication and endurance on the grounds that the oncoproteins in malignant growth cells are frequently misfolded and require enlarged chaperonage movement for rectification It also enhances survival rate of organisms. It also acts as immunogen in the host. So it is useful to vaccine development. Results : The production cost of Hsp is low, production method and isolation technique is also easy. Conclusion : If it is combined with DNA vaccine, it will produce long-term immunity. Keywords: Heat shock protein, Heat stress protein, Vaccine


The electronic properties of the rocksalt group-II oxides MgO and ZnO are investigated by means of the empirical pseudopotential method. Using a simple empty core model potential and experimentally known low-temperature transition energies of rocksalt MgO and wurtzite ZnO, we obtained cationic model potential parameters for Mg and Zn atoms, respectively. Making use of the transferability of ionic model potential parameters, we obtained one single set of anionic model potential parameters for the O atom. The electronic properties of the Mg1−xZnxO alloy system are investigated by means of the virtual crystal approximation for x<0.5 in the rocksalt phase.


Lack of school engagement among adolescents in Iran remains a problem that can have serious consequences consists of raised risk for school dropout, substance use and criminal activity. Evidently, identification of psychological variables (parents and self variables), may help adolescents to improve their academic performance. The present study examined predictors of academic involvement in Kerman. Participants were 1200 high school students aged between 12 -18 years old. The results of Hierarchical regression indicated that the strongest predictor of academic involvement is academic self-efficacy.


The Education and Training Inspectorate (ETI) [1] has been moving towards a proportionate, risk-based approach to inspection, drawing on performance indicators and ongoing monitoring to determine the frequency of inspection. The risk-based approach was introduced in 2010. New inspection models, detailed in the Inspection and Self-Evaluation Framework (ISEF) [2], were introduced in January 2017 and continue to be based on risk assessment. The ISEF was developed to provide a more holistic overview of the key aspects of education and training at all stages, from early years education and care through to further education [3] and work-based learning.


The lizard Alopoglossus vallensis (family Alopoglossidae) has been historically recorded in the Cauca River Valley and the western Andes (departments of Cauca and Valle del Cauca) of Colombia. Based on a review of specimens in biological collections, we report northern and southern range extensions for the species, including the first records from the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, and Risaralda in the Central Andes of Colombia. These new records also expand the known elevational range and climatic tolerances of A. vallensis.


This is a summary of on an online discussion hosted by the IATEFL Teacher Training and Education SIG (Special Interest Group) in January 2007.


Abstract : Enterprises are therefore an integral part of the complex social, economic, environmental and other dynamic systems, which demand a varied perspective and inter-discipline debate. It is about from morepoints of view and interprofessional treating of administration mastery that results from co dependence of different systems of administration and therefore the entire hold of management. Water management as a entrepreneur objective of environment management will be the key component of competitive ability. Excessive consumption of water resources is consequently the result of non-systematic, non-entirely, non- interdisciplined, non- qualitative way of administration. Therefore the economic effects of water management are also the consequence of cognition about the meaning of co dependence and created collaboration to achieve the save, water friendly operation. Key words : environment management, quality management, waste water management, sustainable environment,


This paper discusses about the economic growth that has a direct impact on Human Development Index (HDI) and indirect one on the increase of investment absorption and decrease of poverty. Besides, we can know that economic growth has a direct impact on the increase of investment, as well as it directly affects the decrease of poverty level by using partial test quantitative analysis. To increase the economic growth and reduce poverty as well as to increase HDI, these are what to do (a) revitalizing the agriculture to help main sector of Fak Fak district (agriculture); (b) giving modal such as: banking soft loan with easy terms and revolving fund for the right target in the form of natura (cows, sheeps, etc.) that can accelerate the increase of economic; (c) regional government facilitates the linkage and partnership program with "win-win solution" concept.


Introduces an approach to the design of a photo printing system based on the distributed control structure of multimicrocomputer.The hardware and software design of this system,such as the basic function of each module,the communication program,the LCD display program and the temperaturecontrol program,etc.,has been developed.


Current state-of-the-art robot program development needs expert programmers. Moreover, most robot programs developed today are robot hardware and software specific, and therefore little reusable without modifications. This paper realizes easier robot (re-)programming, by software framework independent models that can be executed using different hard- and software platforms. First, the paper focuses on the formalization of the tasks to be fulfilled by a robot, more specifically constraint-based programming tasks using a Domain Specific Language (DSL). Second, it gives a reference implementation in Lua [1]. The presented DSL makes it easy to develop applications, yet is powerful to execute. It enables automatic model verification and code generation for different hard- and software platforms, diminishing code debugging efforts. Experimental validation shows the ease of creating an application and adapting it, the reduction of the amount of hand-written code, and the debugging aid offered through meaningful errors returned by model verification.


In this paper we consider an abstract Cauchy problem for a Maxwell system modelling electromagnetic fields in the presence of an interface between optical media. The electric polarization is in general time-delayed and nonlinear, turning the macroscopic Maxwell equations into a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. Within the framework of evolutionary equations, we obtain well-posedness in function spaces exponentially weighted in time and of different spatial regularity and formulate various conditions on the material functions, leading to exponential stability on a bounded domain.


Algorithms often have tunable parameters that impact performance metrics such as runtime and solution quality. For many algorithms used in practice, no parameter settings admit meaningful worst-case bounds, so the parameters are made available for the user to tune. Alternatively, parameters may be tuned implicitly within the proof of a worst-case guarantee. Worst-case instances, however, may be rare or nonexistent in practice. A growing body of research has demonstrated that data-driven algorithm design can lead to significant improvements in performance. This approach uses a training set of problem instances sampled from an unknown, application-specific distribution and returns a parameter setting with strong average performance on the training set. We provide a broadly applicable theory for deriving generalization guarantees that bound the difference between the algorithm's average performance over the training set and its expected performance on the unknown distribution. Our results apply no matter how the parameters are tuned, be it via an automated or manual approach. The challenge is that for many types of algorithms, performance is a volatile function of the parameters: slightly perturbing the parameters can cause a large change in behavior. Prior research (e.g., Gupta and Roughgarden, SICOMP'17; Balcan et al., COLT'17, ICML'18, EC'18) has proved generalization bounds by employing case-by-case analyses of greedy algorithms, clustering algorithms, integer programming algorithms, and selling mechanisms. We uncover a unifying structure which we use to prove extremely general guarantees, yet we recover the bounds from prior research. Our guarantees, which are tight up to logarithmic factors in the worst case, apply whenever an algorithm's performance is a piecewise-constant, -linear, or—more generally—piecewise-structured function of its parameters. Our theory also implies novel bounds for voting mechanisms and dynamic programming algorithms from computational biology.


Abstract A new species of tick, Ixodes copei is described from Jamaica. Hosts were the Mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos and White-eyed Thrush, Turdus jamaicensis. Records also are given for Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius), Anocentor nitens (Neumann), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille).


R APID growth in medical care, as a result of expanding governmental programs and technological advances, has created a demand for medical services that far exceeds the present supply of physicians. On December 31, 1967, there were about 260,000 (132 per 100,000 population) non-Federal physicians and osteopaths providing patient care in the United States in officeand hospital-based practice and in hospital training programs (1). Fewer than half of this number were "family practice" physicians; that is., general practitioners, internists, and pediatricians. National estimated health expenditures were $56 billion in 1968 and are expected to reach $80 billion by 1971 (2). The demand for both preventive and thera,peutic medical services is increasing, and it is apparent that if this demand is not met, some action will have to be taken to achieve more efficient use of available physicians. One approach to alleviating the shortage of physicians is to underplay preventive examinations and concentrate on treating only persons with obvious medical complaints. But this way is unfeasible since the practice of regular checkups is ingrained in some segments of our population. Another approach is to increase the number of physicians. Although 12 new medical schools were opened between 1964 and 1968 and enrollments in a.ll medical schools increased, the number of graduates from these schools within the next few years may not have much impact on the existing ratio of physician to population since the usual period of medical training has been estimated at between 9 to 15 years (3). There is also no way of determining how many graduates will enter "family practice." If the medical profession is concerned with retaining the position it now maintains in the hierarchy of medical. care, it will be compelled to adopt new technological procedures, among which is the automation of some of the routine examinations administered for purposes of diagnosis, preventive care, assessment of physical fitness, and patient management. A method that has been proposed to achieve efficient use of the physician through technology is automated multipha,sic h e a 1 t h testing (AMHT). This method can relieve the physician of the physical and laboratory examinations that can be performed by well-trained paramedical or auxiliary health workers under the supervision of professionally qualified persons. About 2.3 million persons in the United States, in addition to more than 1 million physicians, dentists, and registered nurses, have had specialized education or on-the-job training for functioning in the health field (1). Automatic recording devices, biochemical and hematological AutoAnalyzers, sense-marked questionnaires, and data processing devices are all part of the "new look." Can a wide network of AMHT centers, public and private, be introduced within the existing framework of organized medical care in this country? McNerny hias stated that "a 3 percent Mrs. Gelman is assistant professor of epidemiology at Columbia University School of Public Health and Administrative Medicine, and project director of multiphasic screening, American Health Foundation, New York City.


This study examined school location and the levels of teaching effectiveness of Mathematics teachers in terms of knowledge of subject matter and effective classroom communication in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Literature related to the variables under this study were reviewed accordingly. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The census sampling technique was adopted for the study. A sample of 201 teachers were randomly selected for the study. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. To test the hypotheses independent t-test and population t-test analysis statistical technique were adopted. The .05 level of significance was used for the statistical testing of the hypotheses. The result of the analysis revealed that, school location significantly influence teaching effectiveness of Mathematics teachers in terms of knowledge of subject matter and effective classroom communication. The result also revealed that the levels of teaching effectiveness of Mathematics teachers in terms of knowledge of subject matter and effective classroom communication in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State are significantly high. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that teachers should use chalk that will give a sharp contrast and easy to the students' view, the teacher should write boldly and legibly. The teacher should face the students while explaining steps involved in calculation in mathematics, teachers should avoid blocking the students' view of the board while writing. Also, government should not relent in the effort in sustaining best school plant planning in schools.


ABSTRACT Semantic analysis is a particular technique, which is an interesting area of research that associates with Natural Language Processing (NLP), artificial intelligence, opinion mining, text clustering, and classification. Numerous text processing techniques are being used to find out sentiments from the comments, such as social media tweets, hoax, fiction, nonfiction, novels, books, movies, health care, and stock exchange. Agrarian experts' opinions play a vital role in the agriculture sector that yields good crop productivity. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of agriculture experts' opinions through machine learning methods based on textual data collection. The data has been collected by surveying various academia, research institute, and industry of Punjab, Pakistan. The impact of various agricultural inputs such as seed quality, soil quality, soil-intensive tillage, climate changes, water shortage, synthetic fertilizer, and precision technologies on crop productivity have been collected through questionnaires. This research provides a descriptive analysis of collected agrarians experts opinions to increase the crop yield by providing awareness regarding current agriculture inputs to farmers by using machine learning. The current research provides a cohesive expert guideline for improving crop productivity, useful for agricultural policymaking, and conveys adequate farmers' knowledge. Consequently, the proposed method is an innovative way of discovering recommendations of agrarians through sentiment analysis in survey data using machine learning methods. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, agrarians experts opinions on enhancing crop productivity have been considered for the first time in Pakistan.


Construction of the RAON heavy ion accelerator facility is progress in Korea with the In-flight Fragment (IF) and Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facilities. Prototyping of major components and their tests are proceeding including the 28-GHz ECR ion source, RFQ, superconducting cavities, superconducting magnets and cryomodules. Superconducting magnets of the 28-GHz ECR ion source were fabricated and tested achieving 95% (80%) of design fields for the hexapole (solenoids) so far. Prototype superconducting cavities were fabricated through domestic vendors and delivered. Vertical tests showed good performance of the prototype cavities. Progress report of the RAON accelerator systems is presented. INTRODUCTION The RAON heavy ion accelerator facility is a unique facility that has the 400 kW In-flight Fragmentation (IF) facility and the 70 kW Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) facility providing wide range of rare isotope beams for users [1,2]. The driver accelerator for the IF facility is a superconducting linac (SCL) that can accelerate up to 200 MeV/u for the uranium beam delivering more than 400 kW of beam power to the IF target and various other targets. The driver for the ISOL facility is an H 70-MeV 1 mA cyclotron that delivers 70 kW beam power. The cyclotron has dual extraction ports with thin carbon foils for charge exchange extraction of H beam. Figure 1: Plot of the RAON facility layout. Rare isotope (RI) beams generated by the ISOL system is re-accelerated by a chain of post accelerators. The RI beams can be delivered to the low energy experimental hall or can be injected through P2DT to the SCL2 to accelerate to higher beam energy. The schematic layout of the facility is shown in Fig. 1. The accelerator systems design is optimized to provide various high intensity stable ion beams and radioactive isotope (RI) beams from proton to uranium, while avoiding potential issues related with performance and operation. Construction of the RAON heavy ion accelerator facility has begun December 2011 to be completed by December 2021. Detailed design of the accelerator systems has completed, and prototyping and testing of critical components and systems have been performed. In this paper, the status of the RAON accelerator systems is presented along with prototyping progress. DRIVER LINAC The driver linac consists of an injector (28-GHz ECR ion source, 500-keV/u RFQ) and SCL1 (QWR, HWR type), CSS (Charge Stripper Section) and SCL2 (SSR1, SSR2 type) that can accelerate a uranium beam to 200 MeV/u, delivering 400-kW beam power to the target. The driver linac can accelerate beams from proton to uranium.


The core of internal corporate governance is to properly configure the management power to facilitate a variety of institutions and policies to promote the company's operational efficiency. In this paper,we analyze the relationship of internal control effectiveness and overinvestment. Further,we discuss the effect of management power on the internal control effectiveness and overinvestment. We found that: 1) the more effective the internal control is,the lower level overinvestment will be;2) For China's listed SOEs,the management power will a weakening negative effect on internal control effectiveness on the level of overinvestment. On the condition that the management power is more centered,the effect of internal control over the overinvestment will not be apparent.


This paper is the first draft of my contribution to the 2018 ESIL conference in Manchester. It was presented in the agora "International Organizations and the Dream of Universality", convened by the international organizations interest group. This paper applies some of the analytical instrument developed in the debates on 'Law Without the State' to the nature of the legal systems developed by international organizations. It aims at analysing the nature of the law they produce in the context of universalism. First, it discusses the transparent nature of international organizations on the basis of two concepts of legal systems and how they affect the universal aspiration. Second, it considers the relevance of the point of view to move from one concept to the other, affecting how the law of organizations can be perceived either as universal or as particular. Third, it applies the concept of absolute legality to the law of international organizations to describe how these entities derive from international law, and, at the same time, they develop particular legal systems. Finally, it focuses on the concept of 'interlegality' in order to develop a theory on the interactions between international organizations and international law that is defined as 'dual legality'.


The recent progress in one dimension nanostructures was briefly reviewed,with emphasis on the preparation methods for various nanowires,nanotubes,nanorobs,and so on.A outlook for future developments of one dimentsion nanomaterials was also presented.


Results of a microstructure assessment and impact testing of thermoplastic nanocomposites are presented in the paper. Experiments were focused on influence of different structure parameters of fillers on toughness of thermoplastics composites. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites were compared with neat polymeric matrix in all cases. Montmorillonite, halloysite, carbon nanotubes and precipitated calcium carbonate were used to reinforce polymeric matrix. The above-mentioned four reinforcing materials are possible to sort to three groups in accordance with shape: nanoplatelets (montmorillonite – MMT), nanofibres (halloysite nanotubes – HNT, carbon nanotubes – CNT) and isometric nanoparticles (calcium carbonate). Determination of impact behaviour was conducted at Charpy impact tester and instrumented falling-weight machine. Results show a decrease of toughness of PA6/MMT, PA6/HNT and PA6/CNT nanocomposites in comparison with a neat PA6. Toughness of these materials strongly depends on moisture content. Nanofillers doesn't influence toughness of polypropylene copolymer in negative way. Influence of a reinforcing particles and adhesion between matrix-nanofiller to embrittlement of nanocomposite will be discussed.


....................................................................................................................................................................17 Chapter 1: Introduction and Review of Relevant Literature Introduction................................................................................................................................................................19 Literature Review.....................................................................................................................................................22 Blackberry production..................................................................................................................................22 Primocane blackberries................................................................................................................................24 Light influences on plant growth................................................................................................................28 Effects of shade on light levels....................................................................................................................29 Effects of shade on temperature ...............................................................................................................31 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................................................33 Chapter 2: Effect of timing of shade on growth, development, physiology and fruiting of a primocane fruiting blackberry in a controlled environment Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................39 Literature Review....................................................................................................................................................40 Materials and Methods..........................................................................................................................................44 Results, Discussion, Conclusions...........................................................................................................................48 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................................................62


In modern time, Geographic Information System (GIS) has been considered as a powerful tool in mapping of ground water resources. The study area Murshidabad district has experienced a remarkable change in ground water table throughout the decades. The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the decadal trend of ground water fluctuation in several blocks of the district along with their possible causes by using the data from secondary sources and processed them through GIS software.


Boom et al. J. Clin. Micro. 28:495-503, 1990. Marko, et al., "A Procedure for the Large-Scale Isolation of Highly Purified Plasmid DNA Using Alkaline Extraction and Binding to Glass Powder, Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 121, pp. 382–387, 1982. Chen, et al., "Recovery of DNA Segments form Agarose Gels", Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 101, pp. 339-341, 1980. Vogelstein, et al., "Preparative and analytical purification of DNA from agarose', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 615–619, 1979.


The transmission efficiency for power transmission between two identical circular apertures is considered. Each aperture is focused in a common focal plane which is located midway between them. The transmission efficiency is evaluated in terms of the percentage of the total energy flow through the focal plane which flows through a circular area of arbitrary radius, centered at the focal point and coincident with the focal plane. The results are used to estimate the diffraction error (leakage of energy around the phenomena to be observed) that arises when the focused beam system is used to probe a cylindrical ionized column in the focal plane. Kirchoff theory is used throughout, and perturbation of the focal field distribution due to the presence of the plasma is neglected. The effect of this perturbation has been analyzed theoretically and will be the subject of future papers.


 Coupled thermo-electromagnetic problems have to be considered in the simulation of realistic electromechanical devices and electroheat installations. To handle this type of problem, a shell program to co-ordinate the finite element method (FEM) simulations and to perform intermediate calculations, such as heat source evaluation, numerical relaxation and mesh transitions, has been developed. The approach and implementation of this program is presented, together with a representative application of a coupled magnetic/electrostatic/thermal field problem. Here, the results of a three phase power cable simulation are shown. Index terms  Finite element methods, induction heating, losses, eddy currents, dielectric losses, electrothermal effects


Hot spots in calculated heating rates occur when the turbulent heating rates near the end of transition are higher than those calculated assuming a turbulent boundary with an origin at the beginning of the surface. One way of calculating hot spots is to determine a virtual origin for the turbulent boundary layer at transition and beyond. Two methods have been proposed for locating the virtual origin. One was to assume the boundary layer thickness is continuous across the transition point and the other was to assume continuity of the momentum thickness across the transition point. By using the integral form of the momentum equation it is proven that the continuity of momentum thickness at the transition point is the correct method. Results for a flat plate show that increases in heating rates of about 19% is realized at the hot spot for Mach 5 on a cold wall and about 12% for a hot wall with a transition Reynolds number of 5 x 10.


line of human and the other axis is the principal This paper proposes a technique for judging spinal deformity from a moire image of a human back. The middle line and the principal axes of the back are extracted from the moire image and their difference is numerically evaluated. For the extraction of the middle line, the potential symmetry analysis technique is employed, whereas the principal axes are obtained from the moment of inertia matrix defined on the moire image. Experimental results are given and some issues are discussed.


PROLIFERATION of fetal neural tissue in the endometrium or endocervix occurs rarely. Since the entity was first described by Orsos1in 1934, fewer than 30 cases have been verified. Glial tissue in the uterus has been reported using the following various terms to describe what probably represents the same entity:glial polyp,2glioma of the uterus,3gliomatosis uteri,4glial tissue in the uterus,5andproliferatingglia in the endometrium.6We prefer Bazala's termgliosis uteri,7which describes a benign condition that may persist or recur locally.2The condition, as theorized by most authors, probably results from a homograft of fetal glial stroma. We recently had the opportunity to care for a patient with persistent gliosis uteri (endometrii) who wanted to conceive another child. We reviewed the pertinent literature to secure information on fertility subsequent to this problem. To our knowledge, no pregnancies after


: Tourism and hospitality as a labour-intensive industry is forecasted to continue growing despite various turbulent in different parts of the world. As the sector continue to evolve, the need for skilled human resources increases. However, industry professionals are complaining about the quality of human resources. While some authors have addressed the issue in relation to graduates' skills possession and the nature of services they render, the researcher could not find a study that has addressed the issue in relation to how this programme is implemented to facilitate skills acquisition among college trainees. This study was set to answer the main research question: how is VET hospitality programme implemented to contribute to skills development among the trainees in Arusha region? The study employed convergent design whereby qualitative and quantitative data sets were collected concurrently. The target population involved trainers for Food and Beverages Sales and Services, Front Office Operations, trainees, heads of department, hotel managers, supervisors and graduates. Random sampling of training institutions and purposive sampling of hotels were used to determine the study sample. Data were collected through questionnaire for trainees, graduates and supervisors, classroom observation schedule, interview guide with the hotel managers and heads of department, scheduled interview with the trainers and content analysis of programme document. The findings for this study indicated that VET programme for Food and Beverages Service and Sales and Front Office Operations are not sufficiently implemented to facilitate skills acquisition among the trainees. The study recommended that VETA as the authorizing body for all VET institutions to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation in these institutions so as to ascertain whether the requirements for training provision are adhered to.


Objective: Check up a collective food poisoning and give an analysis report.Method: Make a pathogenetic analysis of the food eaten by the poisoned and of the secretions of the poisoned and the cooks,and then pick up the type of bacteria by cultivating bacteria and examining blood serum.Result: The eaten food and the secretions both bred up the Salmonella bacterium that causes rat typhoid fever.Conclusion: Polluted food passing through alimentary canal is the main channel for Salmonella infection.Taking care for clean food is the important way to prevent from food poisoning.


A remarkable book by the Gieen professor of psychiatry R. Sommer on the study of families and the doctrine of heredity and race consists of two main parts. It would be worthwhile to dwell on each of the above chapters in more or less detail, since everywhere in the book there are new ideas and original views which every physician who follows the development of the medical sciences and related fields should become acquainted with, losing himself, after all, in such questions as the migration of peoples and the mixing of races. This, however, would mean stretching a book review to several dozen pages. It is therefore necessary to be satisfied with brief indications of the most important things in S.'s book, which cannot be passed over without mentioning them, even in a brief review. This includes, first of all, the author's doctrine of epimixis.


In the late 1970s and 1980s, many researchers around the world were exploring a novel optical storage concept, frequency domain optical storage, which was based on spectral hole-burning in the zero-phonon lines of impurities in solids at low temperatures. In 1989, experiments aimed at establishing the ultimate limits this optical storage idea led to the first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in the condensed phase using laser FM spectroscopy. At the unexplored ultimate limit of individual molecules, many surprises occurred where single molecules showed both spontaneous changes (blinking due to spectral diffusion) and light-driven control of emission, properties that were subsequently also observed in 1997 at room temperature with single green fluorescent protein variants. In 2006, PALM and related approaches showed that Abbe's optical diffraction limit of ~200 nm can be circumvented to achieve super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, or nanoscopy, with relatively nonperturbative visible light. Essential to this advance is the combination of single-molecule fluorescence imaging with active control of the emitting concentration and sequential localization of single fluorophores decorating a structure. Super-resolution microscopy has opened up a new frontier in which biological structures and behavior can be observed in live cells with resolutions down to 20-40 nm and below. Examples range from protein superstructures in bacteria to bands in axons to details of the shapes of amyloid fibrils and much more. Current methods development research addresses ways to extract more information from each single molecule such as 3D position and orientation, and to assure not only precision, but also accuracy. Still, it is worth noting that in spite of all the interest in super-resolution microscopy of extended structures, even in the "conventional" single-molecule tracking regime where the motions of individual biomolecules are recorded in solution or in materials, much can be learned about nanoscale processes when ensemble averaging is removed.


The purpose of the article is to implement the social-philosophical analysis of the "man-technology" relations in the conditions of culture transformation and deployment of transhumanism. Methodology .  The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the conceptual approaches of the national and foreign researchers who study globalization and its social and cultural consequences. That includes the works of such scholars as L. Althusser, J. Bodrijar, G. Wells, M. Epstein, V. Kutyriov, M. Foucault,F. Fucuyama, I. Frolov, V. Chekletsov and others. Both general scientific and philosophical methods have been used in the research, including analysis, synthesis, the dialectic method, the phenomenological one, the hermeneutic one, the comparative one and others. The scientific novelty is the socio-philosophical analysis of the contemporary socio-cultural transformations which are caused by the mankind's scientific and technological progress and are characterized by being dehumanization of a separate individual as well as of the society in whole. Conclusions . Nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, and informatization do not only determine the further culture development,  but they also change the modern man's outlook in which real, natural and objective things are being replaced with artificial, virtual and simulated ones. As a result, an individual is disoriented in his or her value orientations and identity, his or her worldview appears to be fragmentary and his or her behavior becomes unpredictable. Thus, an individual turns from being the subject of an action into the object of the technosphere and he or she does not understand that the results of his or her work (Internet, social networking, modern communication facilities) should not replace the world (natural, social). They are just ways to increase work productivity


We would like to thank Ten Harkel et al. for their interesting remarks on our study. They suggest that the lack of correlation between aortic crossclamp time and myocardial velocities was due to low statistical power of our study as opposed to their prior studies, including the one in 26 infants undergoing arterial switch operation (ASO) for complete transposition of the great arteries. However, it should be noted that our cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was significantly shorter at 87 49 min vs. 160 33 min in the ASO paper by Klitsie et al., with an aortic crossclamp time of 52 26 min vs. 106 25 min in the study by Klitsie et al. A shorter exposure to CPB and aortic cross-clamping in our cohort as well as differences in myocardial protection might explain the lack of correlation with the aortic cross-clamp time, in other words, the myocardial injury may truly be less severe if the CPB was so much shorter. Similarly, we feel that it is quite possible that the left ventricle in this particular group indeed recovered quickly as reported, whereas other patient populations may respond differently. In a prior study, one of our authors (L.P.) studied the CPB response in a different pediatric patient group at a different institution and found LV function changes in the early postoperative period in a smaller and more inhomogeneous population based on strain rate and diastolic velocities. Therefore, we see no contradiction between the results of Klitsie et al. and the current study as not all patient populations may respond in the same way. The higher baseline myocardial velocities in the neonates in the study by Klitsie et al. can be explained by the fact that they used pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) while our group used color TDI. Tissue velocities obtained with PW TDI and with color TDI are not directly comparable, as shown by several authors. The reason is that PW TDI systematically gives higher velocities than color TDI. Therefore, in our opinion, it is methodologically incorrect to consider PW and color TDI velocities equivalent. Furthermore, our patient population did not only include neonates with complete transposition but a variety of diagnoses that might have affected myocardial velocities. Other LV function parameters including IVA and peak systolic strain and strain rate were in the expected range in our study.


This paper has presented acquiring method for agents' actions using Ant Colony System (ACS) in multi-agent system. ACS is one of powerful meta-heuristics algorithms and some researchers have reported the effectiveness of some applications with the algorithm. I have developed agents with proposed method in a multi-agent system. The final goal of this research is an achievement of co-operations for hetero-agent in multi-agent systems. In this research for implementation for one type of agents is the first step of this goal. Then I have reported results of evaluation experiments using these agents. Index Terms—Machine learning, multi-agent system, swarm intelligence, ant colony optimization. I. I NTRODUCTION Recently, some researchers have reported the effectiveness of systems installed swarm intelligence algorithms (1)-(3). Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Ant Colony System (ACS) have become a very successful and widely used in some applications. These algorithms have been used in programs for network routing, traffic control programs, Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and so on (4)-(6). In real ants' feeding actions, they are able to find the shortest path from a food source to their nest by pheromone information. Pheromone is one of chemical materials and ants deposit pheromone on a path between a food source to their nest and it become one candidate solution. In a case that other ants trail a path deposited pheromone, the candidate is reinforced. Moreover pheromone disappears into air as time progresses. Ants have done these processes iteratively. The behavior of real ants has inspired ACO and ACS. The system based on ACO and ACS are used artificial ants cooperate to the solution of a problem by exchanging information via pheromone.


Self-trapped hole polarons in technologically important perovskite-type ceramic of BaTiO3 have been modeled by means of the quantum chemical method modified for crystal calculations. The computations are carried out in the self-consistent field (SCF) manner using the embedded molecular cluster model. The spatial configuration of a hole polaron, displacement of defect-surrounding atoms, and wave functions of the polaron ground and excited states are obtained and analyzed. The probability of spontaneous hole self-trapping is estimated in the perfect lattice of the BaTiO3 crystal by calculating the value of the hole self-trapping energy as a difference of the atomic relaxation energy and the hole localization energy. This value is found to be negative, −1.49 eV, which demonstrates the preference of the self-trapped polaron state. The calculated polaron absorption energy, 0.5 eV, is discussed in light of the available experimental data. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 79: 358–366, 2000


We investigate the effects of various external stress regimes on fracture apertures, fluid flow, and solute transport in three‐dimensional fracture networks. We use well‐established geomechanics equations coupled with discrete fracture network modeling to characterize changes in primary flow paths within a complex network as a function of stress magnitude and orientation. These changes manifest in the alterations of the fluid flow field and are measured in terms of Eulerian and Lagrangian flow observables including solute transport, which is a key problem in many hydrologic applications. Changes in primary flow paths affect the solute transport in the network by promoting anomalously early arrival or long tailing behavior. However, early time arrival is not ubiquitous in anisotropically stressed networks and in most cases there is a delayed arrival of solute, which is attributed to (i) the presence of low‐velocity zones normal to the flow direction, (ii) the angle between flow direction and major compressive principal stress directions, and (iii) changes in the primary flow paths (i.e., increases in tortuosity and active network structure). Overall, flows become more channelized in anisotropically stressed fracture networks than in unstressed and isotropically stressed networks.


The Role of New Transport Policy on Creating Sustainable and Integrated Public Transit System in Jakarta (Case Study: TransJakarta, Indonesia and Freiburg, Germany) : sustainable transport, integrated transport, transport policy, efficient, effectiveness


The construction of fauna underpasses is becoming increasingly common in road construction projects. However, factors that affect their use by native fauna in Australia are still largely unknown. We monitored 10 fauna underpasses for 13 months to determine factors affecting their use by southern brown bandicoots Isoodon obesulus fusciventer and western bobtail lizards Tiliqua rugosa rugosa. We trapped around each underpass five times to determine the size of the populations of these two species. Bandicoots and bobtail lizards were marked with passive implant transponders (PIT) and PIT readers and motion‐activated infrared cameras recorded the number of crossings and the number of individuals that used each underpass. For bandicoots the mean weekly frequency of use corrected for population size and the proportion of the marked population that used each underpass were modelled against factors hypothesized to impact underpass use using generalized linear models. These were underpass length, cross‐sectional area, vegetation cover at the entrances, presence or absence of logs and branches in the underpass (furniture), use by introduced predators and time since construction. Underpass length was negatively correlated with the frequency of use by bandicoots and time since construction was negatively correlated with the proportion of the population that used the underpasses. For western bobtail lizards none of the factors tested were strongly correlated with the frequency of use, or the proportion of the population that used the underpass. Based on these results, we recommend that the length of underpasses be kept to a minimum, possibly through the use of vegetated median strips allowing shorter underpasses to connect habitat on either side of the road. This would likely result in greater use than one long underpass spanning the entire width of the road.


The invention discloses an agricultural greenhouse based on Internet of Things, comprising an agricultural greenhouse body and a control service terminal. The agricultural greenhouse body is provided with a soil sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a monitoring camera, a processor, a signal emitter, and a control signal receiver. The agricultural greenhouse also comprises a watering spray thrower. The processor is connected to the watering spray thrower through a driver. The control service terminal comprises a control server, a display connected to the control server, a real-time requestor connected to the control server, a real-time data publisher connected to the control server, a data memory connected to the control server, a control operator connected to the control server, and a data communication device connected to the control server. The agricultural greenhouse based on Internet of Things is advantageous in that the structure is simple and use is convenient; the monitoring and operating on the agricultural greenhouse can be effectively completed in a remote manner; intelligence and stability of operation can be improved; usage stability is good, interference immunity is strong, adaptability is good, and practicality is strong.


A CAD-model-based machine vision system for dimensional inspection of machine parts is described, with emphasis on the theory behind the system. The original contributions of this work are: (1) the use of precise definitions of geometric tolerances suitable for use in image processing, (2) the development of measurement algorithms corresponding directly to these definitions, (3) the derivation of the uncertainties in the measurement tasks, and (4) the use of this uncertainty information in the decision-making process. Initial experimental results have verified the uncertainty derivations statistically and proved that the error probabilities obtained by propagating uncertainties are lower than those obtainable without uncertainty propagation.<<ETX>>


This report represents a collection of papers published in various conference proceedings that are not readily available for researchers working in the field of speech recognition. The papers reprinted are: 1. Reddy — Speech Input Terminals (June 1970). 2. Reddy, Erman, and Neely — The CMU Speech Recognition Project (October 1970). 3. Erman and Reddy — Telephone Speech (August 1971). 4. Neely and Reddy — Noise in Speech (August 1971). 5. Reddy — Speech Recognition: Prospects (August 1971). 6. Reddy, Bell, and Uulf — Speech Recognition in a Mul tiprocessor Environment (December 1971). 7. Reddy, Erman, and Neely — A Mechanistic Model of Speech (April 1972). The authors would like to thank Allen Newell who has read most of the papers appearing in this report and made several valuable comments on them. Ue would like to express our appreciation to Bunny Kostkas and Heather Shoub for their typing, editing, and modification of the manuscript using the PDP-10 XCRIBL Document generation system.


Purpose – Organisations now regard having a web site as mandatory but as more businesses create websites the real challenge lies in driving traffic to a specific web site. Little research attention has been paid to the issues for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of how to increase traffic to their web site. This paper addresses the issue of web site traffic generation for SMEs which have limited resources to determine how SMEs might make more effective use of search engine marketing (SEM) tools to increase web site traffic.Design/methodology/approach – An investigation of specific SEM tools, including press release distribution and directory submission, that are available to SMEs was conducted. This research paper follows a mixed methods approach incorporating Pearson's product moment correlation conducted on web site traffic and backlinks data as well as qualitative analysis of interview transcripts of three SME organisations and their use of search engine optimisation across different industries.Find...


As part of a larger programme to understand the behaviour of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface (Redman, 1992), a controlled release of 770 litres of perchloroethylene (PCE) into a 9 by 9 metre cell within a sandy aquifer was monitored geophysically during the summer of 1991. Surface and in situ resistivity, terrain conductivity and neutron, induction, and density logging data were collected over a period of several weeks to document the movement of the PCE away from the point of injection towards its final resting place in pools on confining layers within the cell. The very high resistivity of the PCE in its liquid state makes it a target for resistivity, induction logging and terrain conductivity methods. Its high density, low hydrogen and high chlorine content make it a good target, in principle, for density and neutron logs. For resistivity measurements, two specifically designed in situ probes were installed one metre on either side of the injection point. Two surface arrays were used to monitor apparent resistivity across the diagonals of the cell. A resistivity scanning system was developed to ensure rapid acquisition of surface and probe resistivity data. The density, neutron and induction logs were performed on a regular basis in nine PVC-cased boreholes arranged on a 3 metre radius circle around the injection point. In all cases, extensive background measurements were made. Both surface and in situ resistivity measurements were able to follow the downward progress of the PCE. Resistivities as high as 10 times pre-spill values were recorded in the contaminated layers. The in situ data in particular were able to define the complex interfingering patterns created as the solvent cascaded over permeability boundaries on its way to the bottom of the cell. The density and induction logs, while capable of detecting PCE at residual concentrations, do not respond well to the thin (typically 20 cm or less) zones of PCE that formed in this experiment. Surface terrain conductivity measurements were thwarted by the steel containment walls of the cell. The neutron devices were found to be very effective detectors of the solvent and its distribution, owing to the high thermal neutron capture crosssection of the chlorine contained in PCE's structure.


Object tracking is a direct or indirect key issue in many different military applications like visual surveillance, automatic visual closed-loop control of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) and PTZ-cameras, or in the field of crowd evaluations in order to detect or analyse a riot emergence. Of course, a high robustness is the most important feature of the underlying tracker, but this is hindered significantly the more the tracker needs to have low calculation times. In the UAV application introduced in this paper the tracker has to be extraordinarily quick. In order to optimize the calculation time and the robustness in combination as far as possible, a highly efficient tracking procedure is presented for the above mentioned application fields which relies on well-known color histograms but uses them in a novel manner. This procedure bases on the calculation of a color weighting vector representing the significances of object colors like a kind of an object's color finger print. Several examples from the above mentioned military applications are shown to demonstrate the practical relevance and the performance of the presented tracking approach.


The purpose of the paper is to reveal modern trends and prospects of optimization of the educational process in higher education institutions. The system-forming elements and principles of optimization of the educational process in higher education institutions are highlighted, including the principle of passive and active consideration of factors of quality of education; the principle of expanding the composition of factors of quality of education; the principle of combination of factors of quality of education; the principle of monitoring the quality of education in real time; the principle of supporting the positive dynamics of quality of education. The role of organizational matrices based on goalsetting and domination of horizontal coordination of interaction of creative groups, whose tasks include research projects, is shown. A model of optimization of the educational process in higher education institutions, tested during many years of practice in various Russian higher education institutions is developed. The structure of this model includes such components as predicting the results of the implementation of models; monitoring the quality of the educational process; analysis of the prospects for the development of educational organizations; diversification of the educational process; reliance on effective tools for improving the competitiveness of a higher education institution. It is proved that as a result of the implementation of the model in the educational process of a higher education institution the practice-oriented content of education adequate to the modern requirements of the society is implemented. The analysis of experimental work in higher education institutions is given.


Before and after solution treatment, the shape memory effect and mechanical properties of as casting Fe-16.47 Mn-5.54 Si-8.79 Cr-5.08 Ni-0.012 C(mass %)alloys were investigated respectively. The results showed that after solution treatment the amount of stress induced e martensite increased as compared with as casting. The microstructure analysis showed that the solution treatment eliminated coarse columnar dendrites and polygonal austenite grains were attained. During deformation, more e martensite was induced due to no hindrance of columnar dendrites. In addition, the solution treatment could remarkably improve the elongation of as casting alloy.


Seismic anisotropy studies can provide important constraints on geodynamic processes and deformation styles in the upper mantle of tectonically active regions. Seismic anisotropy parameters (e.g. delay time and fast polarization direction) can give hints at the past and recent deformations and can be most conventionally obtained through core-mantle refracted SKS phase splitting measurements. In order to explore the complexity of anisotropic structures in the upper mantle of a large part of the Aegean region, in this study, we estimate splitting parameters beneath 25 broad-band seismic stations located at NW Anatolia, North Aegean Sea and Greece mainland. To achieve this we employ both transverse energy minimization and eigenvalue methods. Waveform data of selected earthquakes (with Mw ≥ 5.5; 2008-2018 and with epicentral distances between 85°–120°) were retrieved from Earthquake Data Center System of Turkey (AFAD; http://tdvm.afad.gov.tr/) and European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA; http://orfeus-eu.org/webdc3/). A quite large data set, the majority of which have not been studied before, were evaluated in order to estimate reliable non-null and null results. In general, station-averaged splitting parameters mainly exhibit the NE-SW directed fast polarization directions throughout the study area. These directions can be explained by the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine minerals in the upper mantle induced by the mantle flow related to the roll-back process of the Hellenic slab. We further observe that station-averaged splitting time delays are prone to decrease from north to south of the Aegean region probably changing geometry of mantle wedge with a strong effect on  the nature of mantle flow along this direction. The uniform distribution of splitting parameters as a function of back-azimuths of earthquakes refers to a single-layer horizontal anisotropy for the most part of the study area. However, back azimuthal variations of splitting parameters beneath most of northerly located seismic stations (e.g., GELI, SMTH etc.) imply the presence of a double-layer anisotropy. To evaluate this, we performed various synthetic tests especially beneath the northern part of study region. Yet, it still remains controversial issue due to the large azimuthal gap and thus requires further modelling which may involve the use of joint data sets.


The divertor armour material for the tokamak ITER will probably be carbon manufactured as fibre composites (CFC) and tungsten as either brush-like structures or thin plates. Disruptive pulse loads where the heat deposition Q may reach 102 MJ/m2 on a time scale τ of 3 ms, or operation in the ELMy H-mode at repetitive loads with Q ~ 3 MJ/m2 and τ ~ 0.3 ms, deteriorate armour performance. This work surveys recent numerical and experimental investigations of erosion mechanisms at these off-normal regimes carried out at FZK, TRINITI, and IPP-Kharkov. The modelling uses the anisotropic thermomechanics code PEGASUS-3D for the simulation of CFC brittle destruction, the surface melt motion code MEMOS-1.5D for tungsten targets, and the radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code FOREV-2D for calculating the plasma impact and simulating the heat loads for the ITER regime. Experiments aimed at validating these codes are being carried out at the plasma gun facilities MK-200UG, QSPA-T, and QSPA-Kh50 which produce powerful streams of hydrogen plasma with Q = 10–30 MJ/m2 and τ = 0.03–0.5 ms. Essential results are, for CFC targets, the experiments at high heat loads and the development of a local overheating model incorporated in PEGASUS-3D, and for the tungsten targets the analysis of evaporation- and melt motion erosion on the base of MEMOS-1.5D calculations for repetitive ELMs.


Controversies about successional dynamics of woodland communities have a long history, dating back to the classical debates between Clements and Gleason and continuing into the present. These debates have largely concerned the predictability or convergence of forest developmental trends as well as the relative importance of different mechanisms and forces driving forest succession. However, opportunities for rigorous testing of competing hypotheses are limited, mainly because plot‐based studies of forest vegetation spanning more than a decade are scarce and even fewer concern late‐successional stands. We exploit a unique long‐term dataset from mesic temperate forests of eastern Poland, spanning c. 80 years (1936–2012) in strictly protected, late‐successional woodlands assigned to seven different 'structural types'. We use non‐metric multidimensional scaling to assess the stability of species composition over the study period. We examine the predictability of composition and change trajectories over time using Mantel statistics, and we examine the changes in distributions of dissimilarity indices to assess convergence or divergence at the examined time and spatial scales. Tree communities in Białowieża Forest have changed substantially over the last eight decades. Several species (aspen, birch, pine, oak, ash, maple and spruce) exhibited large decreases in density, while a few other species (especially hornbeam and lime) have increased in importance across a wide range of initial compositional types. Forest types recognized in earlier periods have become much less distinguishable. Metrics do not yet show clear successional convergence, mainly due to (a) decline in the previously broadly distributed spruce and (b) persistence of large individuals of intermediate, long‐lived species (even though these species lack significant regeneration). Synthesis. Late‐successional woodland communities of Białowieża Forest are clearly dynamic and do not show quasi‐equilibrial properties often assumed of old‐growth forests. Forest types previously recognized as distinct have become progressively less differentiated. Plausible explanations invoke alteration in competitive relationships due to complex changes in environment, including warming climate, N deposition, natural and human disturbance, and ungulate herbivory over 80 years. Hornbeam and lime have been favoured over spruce, pine, oak and birch, although potential successional convergence is far from complete at this time. In the absence of major disturbance, we expect future decades to show continued successional homogenization.


Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore how nurse and midwife educators applied the knowledge and skills acquired from attending acontinuous professional development (CPD) workshop on teaching methodologies into their teaching practices in Rwanda. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used with a purposive sample of 15 nursing and midwifery faculty members from six private and public post-secondary schools in Rwanda. Participants were involved in semi-structured individual interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for generating themes. Results Five themes emerged describing the educators' teaching experiences: (1) enhanced teaching practices competencies; (2) application of knowledge and skills gained into classroom and clinical teaching; (3) collaboration and teamwork; (4) facilitators and challenges faced to the application of the knowledge and skills into practice; and (5) indirect outcomes to maternal, newborn, and child health care. Conclusion CPD workshops about teaching methodologies for nurse and midwife educators offer a substantive means of improving the quality of nursing and midwifery undergraduate education in Rwanda. There is, however, an ongoing need to address existing barriers to applying knowledge and skills to the practice of teaching.


The interstellar medium on the ..gamma.. Cas line of sight is studied through the observations of O I, H/sub 2/, H I, D I, and Ar absorption features with the Copernicus satellite. By using the velocity structure of the line of sight previously determined through atomic nitrogen, we demonstrate that these neutrals are located in the same physical regions and that the O I and Ar I abundances could be solar, on the average, relative to N I in all components. We also reevaluated the D/H ratio: (1.3 +- 0.25) x 10/sup -5/. The 1066.660 A Ar I line profile is contaminated by an unidentifited line, already detected in the spectrum of zeta Pup. Furthermore, we report a peculiar behavior of the Ar I abundance in the different components, possibly associated with high-velocity interstellar gas present on that line of sight.


After initial reluctance, the US Department of Transportation has become the leading federal agency in historic preservation after Interior itself. Over the last four years, it has committed an average of $65 million per annum to historic preservation implementation in transportation program. The Secretary's office coordinates historic preservation policy and programs for the Department and works closely with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Department of Interior, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. In addition, the office has compiled a catalog of historic American Transportation sites that are not listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Currently, it has a study underway to document the reuse of historic railroad stations for multipurpose needs including transportation. Some problem areas remain: site identification (inadequate due to lack of funds), National Register criteria (too broad), the process for the protection of historic properties (needs simplication) and the high cost of preservation and maintenance of historic sites owned by federal agencies.


Microphone array speech enhancement algorithm uses temporal and spatial informa- tion to improve the performance of speech noise reduction significantly. By combining noise estimation algorithm with microphone array speech enhancement, the accuracy of noise estimation is improved, and
 the computation is reduced. In traditional noise es- timation algorithms, the noise power spectrum is not updated in the presence of speech, which leads to the delay and deviation of noise spectrum estimation. An optimized im- proved minimum controlled recursion average speech enhancement
 algorithm, based on a microphone matrix is proposed in this paper. It consists of three parts. The first part is the preprocessing, divided into two branches: the upper branch enhances the speech signal, and the lower branch gets the noise. The second part is the optimized improved minimum
 controlled recursive averaging. The noise power spectrum is updated not only in the non-speech segments but also in the speech segments. Fi- nally, according to the estimated noise power spectrum, the minimum mean-square error log-spectral amplitude algorithm is used to enhance speech. Testing
 data are from TIMIT and Noisex-92 databases. Short-time objective intelligibility and seg- mental signal-to-noise ratio are chosen as evaluation metrics. Experimental results show that the proposed speech enhancement algorithm can improve the segmental signal-to-noise ratio and short-time
 objective intelligibility for various noise types at different signal-to-noise ratio levels.


Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the physical and functional characteristics of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Turkish society. Methods: The study included 320 patients. The patients were evaluated with the mean body mass index (BMI) and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score in terms of age, gender and functional characteristics. Results: The patients mean age was 66.92±8.89 years and mean BMI was 31.02±5.20 kg/m2. As regards the functional characteristics of the patients, the mean knee flexion was determined as 100.36±16.45 degrees, and the QF manual muscle strength was determined as 4.02±0.37. The patients' mean HSS score was 58.70±11.08. According to their sit-to-stand test results, 33% of the patients (n=104) were found to be independent. Conclusions: The majority of the patients in our study were female and obese. Their functionality level was poor. This study gives a partial idea about overall physical and functional characteristics of Turkish patients, results that are more objective could be obtained by evaluating a larger number of patients, and that patients' quality of life can be enhanced through regular physical activities and weight control even during the early stage.


The development of the world current business carrying logical konsuekwenses to make the birth of the new legal instrument that can respond the needs of business practition .Where instrumental law it can reflect a sense of justice but not forget the aspect of certainty in law. They called the instrument as a contract inside the agreement. But then became called as standard contract that has been determined by party its maker. Problems emerged at a later date related to what is called standard as contract, the practition of law may have different opinions, there is a negative views in also have positive views.
This view born with regard to standard contract  have a exemtion clause .Progressive law looked law as institutions which guarantee justice, make harmony between law and the human. It means that extent of standard contract was able to meet than legal purposes of the progressive and not opposed to fundamental norm in agreement and not opposed to regulations such as Undang-undang no 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, so the existence of legal contract until it .That contract default recognized or not they needed to answer time progress in current mobility business by efficiency time, cheaper charges but keep the justice and legal certainty.


nvoluntary treatment with antipsychotic medication poses a very difficult ethical problem because of the widely accepted notion that the patient, not the physician or other care provider, is empowered to make decisions about whether a medical treatment will be administered. Personal autonomy is so highly valued that it extends beyond such things as drugs and surgery to basic life-sustaining measures. The question is, how can society preserve the personal rights of a patient when society will likely bear the cost of the choice to refuse treatment? To complicate matters, the patient's capacity to make decisions may be questionable. Is there a line that, once crossed, elevates the needs of society over the wishes of the patient? In the treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotic medication, there is a heightened level of concern due to the drugs' often severe and perhaps permanent adverse effects. Does this change the equation, perhaps tipping the balance more toward the patient? It is often stated that although the values of a society and its laws are certainly not the same, those values are reflected in the decisions of the society's courts. To the extent that case law can serve as a barometer for those values, it is useful to review to obtain a current perspective of this topic. Lakes Health, Moses-Ludington Hospital, 2 Wicker Street, Ticonderoga, NY 12883 (email@example.com).