The effects of divers carbon substrates were investigated for the tabtoxin production of an isolated pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, the causal agent of wildfire of tobacco and are discussed in relation to the bacterium growth. The isolated organism was grown in batch culture on Woolley's medium (28°C, 200 rpm, during 5 days). The growth has been measured by the optical density (OD) at 620 nm and the tabtoxin production quantified by Escherichia coli (K-12) bioassay technique. The growth and the tabtoxin production were both influenced by the substrates (sugars, amino acids, organic acids) used, each, as a sole carbon source and as a supplement for the same amino acids. The most significant quantities of tabtoxin were obtained in presence of some amino acids used as sole carbon source and/or as supplement. Keywords—Amino acid supplement, carbon substrates, batch culture, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.


A new manufacture process and application instance of metallurgy integrated complex steel pipe is introduced.The manufacture process adopts stainless steel thin strip continually automatic forming and welding to stainless welded pipe as cladding pipe.Through cladding pipe and carbon steel base pipe to deposit braze and under inert gases shielding,through continuously induction heated compound as cladding pipe.The process makes stainless steel cladding very thin to reduce material cost.Property inspection and industry application shows each property target of cladding pipe reaches the requirement of API 5LD specification and has good economic benefit and social benefit.


SRAP(Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) marker was applied to analysis DNA fingerprinting of 9 triploid seedless watermelon cultivars and identify hybrid purity.The results showed that 24 primer pairs selected from 30 amplified 109 polymorphic bands with an average of 4.5 polymorphic bands per primer pairs and the polymorphic rate of primer pairs was 12.5% to 80%.All 9 cultivars could be distinguished from each other combining several SRAP primer pairs.In the fingerprinting analysis of Heimi No.5 and its parents,specific bands were generated on Heimi No.5 with ME4/EM3 primer pairs and enabled to distinguish the female parent from the F1 hybrid.This primer pair was certified to be suitable for purity identification of Heimi No.5 in experiments.


Rotational nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) have been proposed to mitigate the response of underlying primary structures subjected to shock loading. This type of NES, which is composed of a passive mass that is free to rotate, has the potential to be easier to realize and more compact than other types of NESs. Like other types of NESs, these devices engage in targeted energy transfer, which allows for the broadband transfer of energy from the primary structure to the NES where it can be rapidly dissipated. Additionally, these devices can couple the dynamics of the primary structure and facilitate the transfer of energy from lower modes to higher modes, where it can be dissipated at a faster rate. This paper experimentally investigates the performance of this type of NES by using the results from tests of a rotational NES attached to a small-scale two-story structure. For these experiments, a shock load is provided to the primary structure using a shake-table-produced impulse-like ground motion. Additionally, by varying the amplitude of the input ground motion, the energy dependency of the performance of these devices can be investigated. The results of these experiments show that this type of NES can attenuate the response of a structure by responding in a highly effective rotational mode.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Tests are a series of questions or exercises that are used to measure skills, knowledge, intelligence, abilities or talents possessed by individuals or groups. A test is said to be of quality if it meets the requirements, namely validity, reliability, objectivity, practice, and economics. Determining the validity of the test using the Product Moment correlation formula, to determine whether the overall test in the form of choice is reliable is used Spearman-Brown formula, while to determine the reliability of the test in the form of essay used the formula of variance. Learning achievement is the result achieved by students during the teaching and learning process. In learning a teacher must understand the subject matter and also must be able to carry out evaluation (assessment) through the right and correct procedures. Therefore, each teacher must understand how the test criteria are correct and correct in order to measure student achievement well.


Abstract Shallow seismic refraction is the principal geophysical method for engineering site investigations. The Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales applies the method for roadworks, chiefly in the investigation of road cuttings for design and excavation assessment. The need to obtain reliable and detailed interpreted seismic sections, particularly for intermediate layers with seismic velocities in the range 800 to 2500 m/s, has led to an improved field practice with a 3 to 5 m geophone interval and sourcepoint intervals of 10 to 15 m with offsets up to 50 m. As a result of the deficiencies of currently available interpretation software a new interactive and graphically oriented computer program called REFRACT, for IBM AT compatible computers, has been developed. A field example from a variably weathered, basaltic area demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved field and interpretation practice which is state-of-the-art for the shallow engineering refraction method in its application to roa...


The purpose of this research is to propose a description model of human motion for Chinese traditional drama, which contained body structure, spatial orientation and movement force effect three dimensions. A multi rigid model is established based on the relative relationship between nodes and edges, record the movements of each part with geometric figures to establish the skeleton hierarchy of multiple joint points. In addition, we applied the description method on the virtual body in digital CTD performance system, which is designed base on augment reality technique. Also, we extracted the complete set of human motion from CTD such as martial dramatic works and body movement in Bingxi painting dance performance, and design the virtual human action by combining the posture base on the model above. This description method can realize the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture in intelligent media.


This article claims that William Blake draws on cultural and legal notions of insanity to create a space within which radical expression could exist safe from government prosecution. Concerned with an expansive definition of treason in 1794, Blake utilized the cultural conflation of prophet with madman and encoded his prophetic books with a form of internal contradiction analogous to legal conceptions of insanity—an internally divided subject was deemed incompetent to stand trial or instigate legal proceedings.


In a vacuum transfer chamber (10), a position detecting mechanism (33) for detecting the positions of semiconductor wafers (W) is arranged. The semiconductor wafers (W) arranged at prescribed positions in a load lock chamber (17) and vacuum processing chambers (11-16) are transferred to the position detecting mechanism (33) by a vacuum transfer mechanism (30) and the positions of the wafers are detected. Then, based on the detection results, aligning between the load lock chamber (17) and the vacuum processing chambers (11-16) is performed.


In this paper the results of previous researches are extended and equations developed by means of which the resistance to fluid flow offered by a bed of spherical or non-spherical material may be computed with reasonable accuracy.The equations cover a range of porosity of the bed from 30 per cent to 90 per cent and practically the whole of the technically important range of Reynolds number, while particle shapes ranging from spheres to hollow cylinders, shell insulators and wire nails are covered. A new curve for wall-effect, depending upon Reynolds number, is also included.It is believed that the present work is of more general application than any which has previously been suggested.


Provided a method for preparing metallurgical-grade alumina by using fluidized-bed fly ash, comprising: a) removing iron by wet magnetic separation after crushing the fly ash; b) reacting the fly ash after magnetic separation with hydrochloric acid to obtain a hydrochloric leachate; c) passing the hydrochloric leachate through macro-porous cationic resin to deeply remove iron to obtain a refined aluminum chloride solution; d) concentrating and crystallizing the refined aluminum chloride solution to obtain an aluminum chloride crystal; and e) calcining the aluminum chloride crystal to obtain the metallurgical-grade alumina. The method is simple, the procedure is easy to be controlled, the extraction efficiency of alumina is high, the production coast is low, and the product quality is steady.


Social science historians are discovering deep patterns in the history of homicide rates. Murders of children by parents or caregivers correlate inversely with fertility rates and appear to be a function of the cost of children relative to parental resources and to parental ambitions for themselves and their children. Murders among unrelated adults correlate with feelings towards government and society. These patterns may represent facultative adaptations to variable or unstable habitats (including social habitats) that may favour the nurture or neglect of children in the first instance, or cooperation or aggression among unrelated adults in the second. Human neural and endocrine systems may have evolved to facilitate such shifts in behaviour.


Sleep misperception, whether severe enough to qualify as paradoxical insomnia or not, is common in a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions. The objective was to assess sleep perception in a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. As part of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved trial designed to assess the efficacy of eszopiclone versus placebo in improving MS patients' sleep continuity, we observed a pattern of both paradoxical and reverse paradoxical insomnia in a small number of participants. Eight participants (26.7%) had some degree of misperception at some point during the study. Six (20%) had reverse paradoxical insomnia and two (6.7%) had paradoxical insomnia. This is a preliminary observation that we hope will increase awareness of the condition of misperception of sleep in subjects with MS. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00012.x, 2010)


SYNOPSIS.-In this paper the hypothesis is put forward that a road surface behaves as a system of an infinite nu mber of polished facets, the orientation of which varies according to certain distrib-ution laws, and the reflection factor of which depends on the angle of reflection. An experiment is described which suggests the existence of such a system of facets. It is shown that experimental results can be conveniently and sufficiently accurately expressed in terms of this hypothesis; and there follows a rapid method for plotting isobrightness contours on the perspective image of a road which is illuminated by a light source of known polar distribution. A qualitative explanation is also given of the changes in light reflecting properties of a surface which can be observed with progressive wear and polish, or with wetting. (N.B.-The manuscript of this contribution was originally submitted in May. 1939. It is now published in a revised and abbreviated [orm.}


This study investigated how meaning making is related to psychological distress in adolescents and emerging adults in Sweden. Participants were gymnasium students (n = 63, 48 women, 15 men), aged 1519, and university students (n = 39, 33 women, 5 men, 1 other), aged 19-28. Meaning making was coded from turning point narratives. The results indicated that meaning valence, but not sophistication of meaning, was related to psychological distress. Gender differences in sophistication of meaning and meaning valence, and relations between higher sophistication of meaning and more psychological distress in adolescents, were found. The results are discussed in relation to previous research and to the idea that different aspects of meaning making may have different implications for psychological distress. "My parents divorced when I was 12 years old. It felt like I had to take on a bigger responsibility than before /.../ It was extremely difficult to end up in the middle between mum and dad. They both expected to have me on their side, which I wasn't because I was in between /.../ The divorce has made me a more critical, responsible and conflict avoiding person." In the quote above, taken from the current study, a young woman describes her parents' divorce, and how that experience has impacted her until this very day. In this personal story she links who she is to the experienced event, making clear meaning of her past. Looking back on past events and their significance for the self, as the quoted young woman does, is a central aspect of identity development (McAdams, 1993, 2011) and this way of making meaning is widely assumed to contribute to psychological functioning (Park, 2010; Greenhot & McLean, 2013). Yet, recent research indicates that all types of meaning making are not the same, and might not lead to positive outcomes (Waters, Shallcross, & Fivush, 2013; Park, 2010; Greenhot & McLean, 2013). This study aimed to further investigate the associations between meaning making and psychological distress. The present study focus on the relation between meaning making and psychological distress among adolescents and emerging adults in Sweden. Actually, the latest report on mental health among young people in Sweden from The National Board of Health and Welfare (2013) point out a general increase in psychological distress among adolescents and emerging adults since the beginning of the 2000's. About one in five in the ages 16 to 29 report mild or severe symptoms of anxiety or worry. Young women and students seem extra prone to these experiences. According to contemporary developmental theories, psychological health in both adolescence and emerging adulthood is highly dependent on the major psychological task of identity development (McLean & Syed, 2015). Thus, investigating the relationship between psychological


Abstract
The cell mediated immune response to carcinoma of the urinary bladder in man is influenced significantly by the tumour burden before treatment. Therapy appears to influence this response by causing alterations in the amount of tumour material in the body. Removal of tumour by surgery is seen to result in a loss of detectable CMI. Recurrence of tumour after surgery results in the reappearance of cytotoxicity. Treatment by radiotherapy also results in the eventual loss of CMI after the elimination of tumour material from the body. The loss of activity after radiotherapy, in the absence of tumour recurrence, occurs over a period of about 1 year. Expression of CMI is suppressed during radiotherapy but may return after treatment. Failure to develop lymphocyte cytotoxicity early after radiotherapy is related to the presence of metastases or residual tumour. Low levels of cytotoxicity during the first 9 months after therapy are associated with tumour recurrence. It may be inferred from this that CMI in the early post-irradiation phase has prognostic significance. The absence of CMI at this time reflects the presence of residual viable tumour in the body. The loss of response about 1 year after radiotherapy probably reflects the clearance of tumour-derived material from the body. The persistence or reappearance of cytotoxicity after this time is related to tumour recurrence.

This test is therefore informative as to the presence or absence of tumour after surgery. With regard to radiotherapy, lymphocyte cytotoxicity can be seen to monitor the presence of viable tumour and tumour derived material in the body.


Vascular calcification/aging is a crucial feature of diabetic macro vasculopathy, resulting in serious cardiovascular diseases. The calcification/senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by hyperglycemia can cause diabetic vascular calcification/aging. However, the mechanism of VSMCs calcification/senescence involved in diabetic vascular calcification/aging remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how the high glucose (HG) information in circulating blood is transmitted from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to VSMCs, which are not contacted with blood directly. Exosomes have attracted much attention for their vital roles in regulating cell-to-cell communication. In this study, we found that milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) was enriched in high glucose induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell exosomes (HG-HUVEC-Exo) and regulate VSMCs calcification/senescence, characterized by up-regulated expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as the increased mineralized nodules and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells. Upstream mechanism studies showed that sirtuin1 (SIRT1) was involved in VSMCs calcification/senescence by affecting the expression of MFGE8. We also found that inflammatory response mediated by IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was closely associated with MFGE8 and played a key role in regulating HG-HUVEC-Exo-induced VSMCs calcification/senescence. These findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of exosomal MFGE8 as a potential preventive and therapeutic target for the intervention of diabetic vascular calcification/aging.


Summary form only given, as follows. ES3 (Electronic Supplier Selection System) will coordinate e-business between a customer and its supply chain based on a secure Internet communication. ES3 will permit a customer to immediately evaluate, order and schedule product delivery and determine the best of several suppliers. ES3 is a state-of-the-art decision tool that will enable manufacturers to make intelligent and quick decisions on choosing the right suppliers for the right products. Using a rigorous multi-objective algorithm, to drive its engine, along with a Web-enabled Java solution as a front end, ES3 is a means to integrate the enterprise.


It is widely accepted that there exist an evolutionary relationship between Archaea and Eukaryotes, but the exact nature of this relationship is hotly debated. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through two complementary phylogenomic approaches: (i) the analysis of a specific archaeal cellular system with an evolutionary link to eukaryotes, and (ii) a large-scale phylogenomic analysis at the level of the three domains of life. In the first study, I carried out a detailed analysis of a cellular system with an evolutionary link between Archaea and Eukaryotes, DNA replication. I performed an exhaustive phylogenomic analysis of the components of DNA replication in all complete archaeal genomes. This allowed me to accurately assign them in terms of orthology, paralogy, horizontal gene transfers, and copies originating from mobile elements. My results provide a full picture of the diversity of DNA replication among different lineages, and allowed me to infer the presence of a modern-type DNA replication machinery in the last archaeal common ancestor. I was able to clarify the evolutionary history that shaped this key cellular machinery during archaeal diversification. My study allowed me to highlight a new set of markers that provide information on yet unclear evolutionary relationships within archaea. In addition, I analyzed, for the first time, the phylogenetic signal carried by DNA replication components. This is highly consistent with that harbored by two other key informational machineries, translation and transcription, strengthening the existence of a robust organismal tree for the Archaea. Finally, most of the components inferred to have been present in the archaeal ancestor are shared with eukaryotes, allowing discussion on the evolutionary relationships between Archaea and Eukaryotes...


Based on the analysis of the Russian legislation the late XIX early XX century. and evaluation of research scientists in the article is an attempt to recreate the picture in the current Russian system of cooperation between central and local government.


The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) was requested by the Engineering Section of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) to characterize the drain canister filled during the DWPF Proficiency Runs. Testing of this canister, along with testing of the glass samples taken from the canister, was performed as part of a continuing effort to demonstrate compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS)1 as outlined in the Waste Form Qualification Coordinating Plan (QCP).2. This report is a summary of the results of the canister filled with glass from the melter drain valve during the DWPF Proficiency Runs. This summary includes the results necessary for Waste Qualification, as well as results and observations from other SRTC tests.


Mustard oil glucosides are necessary to maintain feeding on synthetic media by larvae of the mustard beetle, Phaedon cochleariae Fab. Suitable physical texture of the medium increases intake. Attention should be paid to these factors before developing and modifying the nutrient content of synthetic media.