Preface - Shanti Khinduka PART ONE: ASIAN AMERICANS: HISTORY, CULTURE, AND ADAPTATION History of Asian Americans - Rowena Fong Asian Cultural Commonalities - Douglas K Chung Adaptation and Integration into American Society - Fariyal Ross-Sheriff PART TWO: MICRO LEVEL INTERVENTION PRACTICES AND PROGRAMS The Appropriateness of Personality Theories for Social Work with Asian Americans - Noreen Mokuau and Jon Matsuoka Vietnamese Women Immigrants and Refugees in the US - Judith Shepherd Models of Service Delivery in Asian American Communities - Kenji Murase PART THREE: MACRO INTERVENTION: POLICY AND PLANNING Confucian Model of Social Transformation - Douglas K Chung The Economic Well-Being of Asian/Pacific Islander Female-Headed Households - Kathleen M McInnis Policy Implications of Factors Associated with Economic Self-Sufficiency of Southeast Asian Refugees - Chi Kwong Law and Leonard Schneiderman PART FOUR: LIFE CYCLE: VULNERABLE GROUPS Trans-Ethnic Adolescence Confluence and Conflict - Brij Mohan Support Networks of Sri Lankan Women Living in the US - Pauline Meemeduma Battered Korean Women in Urban US - Young Song Korean Elderly - Paul H Kim and Jung-Sup Kim Asian Americans in the Future - Sharlene Maeda Furuto and Kenji Murase


One loop correction to the dark matter (DM) annihilation cross section is usually assumed to be sub-dominate in calculating the DM relic density. In this paper, we propose a scenario where DM freezes out mainly via loops in the neutrino portal. For a scalar DM annihilating into neutrino via a triangle diagram, or a Majorana DM annihilating into neutrino via a box diagram, the observed DM relic density can be generated if the mediator is Majorana fermion. We further work out the neutrino Debye mass and neutrino oscillation probabilities in the dark halo. Numerical results show that impactions of DM to these physical observables are negligible on the Earth, however the analytical results can be applied to evaluate neutrino properties in a dense DM environment.


Early prediction of sepsis is critical in clinical practice since each hour of delayed treatment has been associated with an increase in mortality due to irreversible organ damage. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for accurately predicting the onset of sepsis in the proceeding of six hours. Firstly, we selected 37 available variates features after data pre-processing, and then extracted three kinds of features as well in this paper, including 62 missing value features, 8 scoring quantified features and 61 time series features. After that, a multi-feature fusion based XGBoost classification model was developed and was further improved by a Bayesian optimizer and an ensemble learning framework. Analysis was performed on the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019, which provided a publicly available sepsis data sourced from 40,336 ICU patients. Finally, after searching an optimized predicted risk threshold of 0.522 through the official submissions, our team "SailOcean" applied the developed model on the full hidden test set of 24,819 ICU patients from three hospital systems and obtained a final Unormalized score (U-Score) defined by the organizers of 0.364, which was the highest unofficial score.


General Theory of Decoherence of Qubit Systems in the Born-Markov Approximation R. Joynt Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Bich Ha, Nguyen Hung Son, Ho Cong Son and Nguyen Dang Vu Institute of Materials Science and Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam (Received 21 August 2007) The general theory of the decoherence of a two-level system as a qubit and a four-level system as a two-qubit system based on the Born-Markov approximation is presented. The derived formulae in the case of the twolevel system are applied to two examples of the qubit: a system of electron states in a double quantum dot as a charge qubit and that of Zeeman split electron states in a quantum dot as a spin qubit. A generalization to the study of the decoherence of n-qubit systems is discussed. PACS numbers: 03.65.Yz, 73.21.La, 73.63.Kv


Polysulfone (PSf) and silver immobilized polysulfone (Ag-PSf) membranes were fabricated using a simple phase inversion technique along with in situ synthesis process. The membranes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to estimate the pore size and to confirm the uniform distribution of the silver nanoparticles across the membrane. The nanoparticle was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and the size of the nanoparticle was found to be in the range of 10 - 30 nm. Further, the use of these Ag-PSf membranes for treatment of water containing micro-organisms especially bacterias such as E.coliwas studied and discussed. Also, the filtration efficiency was studied with emphasis on problems associated with biofilm growth and use of Ag-PSf membranes for the prevention of the same. Further, the retentivity of silver nanoparticles in the membrane was thoroughly studied using inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy with an intention to provide a comprehensive report on the suitability of use of these Ag-PSf membranes in water filtration. The results show that the membrane has good silver retention indicating that very little of the silver, if any gets into the treated water.


The response to Cu 2+ exposure (10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mM as CuSO4.5H2O) on fifteen days post-emergent Withania somnifera L. Dunal growing under natural environment in pots vis a vis Cu accumulation and antioxidative activity was studied on leaves, stems and roots. The duration of the experiment was for 2 months (Mid August-October, 2013) and interval between successive exposures was 7 days. As compared to control the following results were obtained. Copper (Cu 2+ ) content in plant tissues increased markedly with increasing soil Cu 2+ concentrations, and was highest in roots. Translocation factor (TF) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values calculated were < 1, indicating a limited ability to accumulate and translocate Cu 2+ by the plant. Hydrogen peroxide formation was highest in roots and displayed a progressive increase in response to Cu 2+ exposure. With increasing Cu 2+ proline (non-enzymatic antioxidant) content was highest in leaves however, proline accumulation followed the order: leaves (220.4 %) < stems (523.87%) < roots (534.47%). Activities of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increment were observed in order: leaves ˃ stems ˃ roots and reached a peak at 50 mM of Cu 2+ exposure, whereas 100 mM and 200 mM Cu 2+ in the soil of led to inhibition of activity. Stimulation of Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) activity observed was in the order: roots ˃ stems ˃ leaves. This may possibly be due to rising H2O2 levels in the respective plant parts. The present study infers that W.somnifera as used as ayurvedic herbal treatment plant, has limited tolerance to Cu 2+ toxicity and that this tolerance is dependent largely on the action of APX, rapid translocation of


A flock of 205 strong wool South Australian bloodline Merino sheep run in a semi-arid cereal/sheep farming environment at Wanbi in the Murraylands area of South Australia was used to determine repeatability estimates for body weight, greasy fleece weight, clean fleece weight and mean fibre diameter. A range of key indicators were used to assess the most appropriate age of measurement and selection, in order to provide the best compromise between selection accuracy and minimisation of the period that sheep must be retained until selection is undertaken.


E ARLY in 1963 the authors introduced a net energy system designed for use in the growing and finishing phase of the beef cattle industry (Lofgreen, 1963a, b, c). The system separated the requirements for maintenance from that for body weight gain and expressed a net energy value of the feed for these two functions. Such a system of expression was suggested to the Nutrition Committee of the National Research Council and was included in the first printing of the N.R.C. Bulletin of suggested energy terminOlogy as an errata sheet replacing the original terminology (Harris, 1962). For the past 4 years the suggested method has been tested under various conditions at this station, in commercial feedlots, and by nutrition consultants working with the cattle feeding industry and its adaptability to practice has been demonstrated. I t is the purpose of this paper to present the proposed system in the scientific literature, describe the experimental data upon which it is based, and discuss its application. The terminology used herein is that suggested in the first revision of the N.R.C. Bulletin on energy terms (Harris, 1966).


Responsibility is the deed that people do in the society and the duty that people should undertake owning to their deed.To establish the system of accountability is just to make officers realize their particularity in order to caution themselves and normalize their behaviors.Establishing the system of accountability is an inevitable choice which responds to the needs of the age,and ensure that people take part in public administration.The system of accountability should be the power that makes the governmental administration optimum.The article analyses the rational foundation of the system of accountability from the requirements of the "sovereignty in people",from the risk in the procedure of the public policy and from the foundation of the responsible government.What we can do to build the system of accountability,which makes public interest optimum,is to standardize the conferments system of power,ascertaining the standard of offices accountability,and build the supervision's system.


The thermal switch is a device that can modulate the heat flux and create a huge gap between the "On" and "Off" state, which has been widely used in many applications. However, owing to weak biocompatibility and complicated structures, most of existing thermal switch devices mostly are difficult to use in some emerging mobile health areas, such as soft electronics and biomedical applications. Herein, it is reported that a poly(N-iopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels-based thermal switch featuring good biological compatibility and a simple preparation process. The thermal conductivity of the PNIPAm hydrogels at temperatures from 30 to 40 °C has been measured using the transient hot wire method. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity drops from 0.51 to 0.35 Wm–1 K–1 when the hydrogel is heated above the lower critical solution temperature. Its thermal resistance ratio Roff/Ron, an important criterion to evaluate the performance of the thermal switch, reaches up to 3.6. Furthermore, the effective medium ap...


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Benzenethiol, as a reductive agent for the dehalogenation of various α-halocarbonyl compounds, is investigated in the K+/CH3CN system. The reaction affords the reduced compounds in high yields under mild reaction conditions, especially α-chlorocarbonyl compounds. Furthermore, the reaction performed under ultrasonic irradiation greatly shortens the reaction time.


The role of the atrial natriuretic factor and of the main counteracting sodium‐retaining principle, the renin‐aldosterone system, in acute volume regulation of cirrhosis of the liver has been investigated. Central volume stimulation was achieved in 21 patients with cirrhosis, 11 without and 10 with ascites, and 25 healthy controls by 1‐hr head‐out water immersion. Immersion prompted a highly significant (p<0.001) increase of atrial natriuretic factor plasma concentrations in cirrhotic patients without ascites from 8.5 ± 1.3 fmoles per ml to 16.5 ± 2.6 fmoles per ml, comparable to the stimulation in control subjects (6.0 ± 0.6 fmoles per ml to 13.6 ± 2.6 fmoles per ml). In cirrhotic patients with ascites, atrial natriuretic factor increase (from 7.7 ± 1.3 fmoles per ml to 11.4 ± 2.3 fmoles per ml) was blunted (p<0.05). Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were elevated in cirrhotic patients, especially in the presence of ascites. Following immersion, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were reduced similarly in all groups. Water immersion induced a more pronounced natriuresis and diuresis in control subjects than in cirrhotic patients. Neither atrial natriuretic factor nor plasma renin activity nor plasma aldosterone concentration alone correlated to sodium excretion. However, atrial natriuretic factor to plasma aldosterone concentration ratios were closely correlated to basal and stimulated natriuresis in cirrhotic patients, particularly in those with ascites. These data suggest that atrial natriuretic factor and the renin‐aldosterone system influence volume regulation in patients with cirrhosis.


These lectures provide an updated pedagogical treatment of the theoretical structure and phenomenology of some basic mechanisms for inflation, along with an overview of the structure of cosmological uplifts of holographic duality. A full treatment of the problem requires `ultraviolet completion' because of the sensitivity of inflation to quantum gravity effects, including back reaction and non-adiabatic production of heavy degrees of freedom. Cosmological observations imply accelerated expansion of the late universe, and provide increasingly precise constraints and discovery potential on the amplitude and shape of primordial tensor and scalar perturbations, and some of their correlation functions. Most backgrounds of string theory have positive potential energy, with a rich but still highly constrained landscape of solutions. The theory contains novel mechanisms for inflation, some subject to significant observational tests. Although the detailed ultraviolet completion is not accessible experimentally, some of these mechanisms directly stimulate a more systematic analysis of the space of low energy theories and signatures relevant for analysis of data, which is sensitive to physics orders of magnitude above the energy scale of inflation as a result of long time evolution (dangerous irrelevance) and the substantial amount of data. Portions of these lectures appeared previously in Les Houches 2013, "Post-Planck Cosmology" .


High caffeine consumption has been associated with compromised serum antioxidant nutrients in people living with HIV (PLWH). This could adversely affect mitochondrial oxidative status. This study examines the relationship between caffeine consumption and a marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress.


Burnishing is a very simple and effective method for improvement in surface finish and can be carried out using existing machines, such as lathe. On account of its high productivity, it also saves more on production costs than other conventional processes such as super finishing, honing and grinding. Moreover, the burnished surface has a high wear resistance and better fatigue life. A literature survey being specifically focused on Ball burnishing process is done .It gives a thorough idea about various workpiece materials, various cutting tools and machine tools, process parameters ,lubricants, variable measured and methodology used as well as the prominent levels of each, being observed in the researches till today.


The paper "Socio-emotional development of schoolchildren from the perspective of intercultural learning" is based on the applicative dimension, on how to capitalize the relationship between intercultural learning and socio-emotional development of schoolchildren in gymnasium, but also to highlight the complex mechanism of the process of intercultural learning that influences the construction of a consciousness of the educable that develops empathy, tolerance in communication and relationships. This approach aims to present to teachers solutions and methods through which they can capitalize in the teaching activity the connection that exists between intercultural learning and socio-emotional development of students, with direct effects on the adaptation of preadolescents to the culture of global society. Thus, in this process of intercultural learning, the aim is to increase the feeling of personal effectiveness in positive intercultural experiences, which offers the opportunity to know the roots of one's own culture and to reaffirm one's identity, but also to understand and respect cultures with which the educable comes in contact with, giving him space and time to reflect on the need for cooperation and collaboration to solve global problems. This study also took into account the increasing awareness of educables regarding the need for interconnection and adaptation to the requirements of today's society and active involvement in the contexts of intercultural communication through constructive dialogue.


A study was conducted to assess the influence of metamorphic rocks, soils and physiographic conditions on the growth and distribution of Swertia chirayita and Rubia cordifolia in Lotse Pakha and Bhakarjung community forests of Kaski district, Nepal for sustainable management. Biannual biophysical data and soil samples collection were conducted by establishing permanent sample plots of 2m x 5m for herb species. The study area contains dominantly the medium to coarse grained metamorphic rocks as phyllite and quartzite with numerous discontinuities. The interpretation of biophysical data indicated that the availability of MAPs vary with variation of altitude, slope, aspect, crown cover, rock types and soil properties. The frequency, relative frequency, density and relative density of S. chirayita and R. cordifolia were found to be medium to higher in the study area. The number of S. chirayita found to be higher in greater slope while R. cordifolia in lower slope. The species richness of these species shows higher within the altitudinal range 1700 - 2000 m. These species suitably grows in north-east aspect. The number of S. chirayita was found higher in 0-60 % crown cover but R. cordifolia has no significant trends. The physicochemical properties (soil pH, N, P, K, SOM and texture) of soil and weathered minerals resulted from metamorphic rocks in studied CFs favour the growth and distribution of these species.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the correlation between Pokemon gene and cisplatin mechanism.

METHODS
Human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the lines A549 and AGZY83-a, human lung squamous carcinoma cells of the line HE-99, and human giant cell lung cancer cells of the line 95D were cultured and cisplatin was added into the medium. Other lung cancer cells of the above mentioned lines were cultured in the medium without cisplatin and were used as control groups. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon.

RESULTS
Pokemon mRNA and protein were expressed highly in all the 4 cell lines. The Pokemon gene expression did not changed significantly after cisplatin treatment groups. There were not significant differences in the mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon among the 4 experiment groups and the control groups (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Cisplatin has no effect on the Pokemon gene expression of the human lung cancer cells.


This paper investigates the distributed observer design for linear system under time-variant disconnected communication network. By constructing basic eigenvectors of 0eigensubspace of disconnected Laplacian Matrix and using LMIs method, we prove the distributed observer cannot achieve omniscience asymptotically under switching topology without constraining the system matrix or alternative topologies set. To deal with this problem, this paper investigates three kinds of constraints and the system matrix only needs to satisfy any one of them. Then a group of sufficient conditions corresponding to the asymptotic omniscience of distributed observer under switching topology are proved by Lyapunov analysis. Finally, a numerical simulation shows the validity of our method.


This paper discusses the automotive industry cluster that can be profiled as a Technology Colony and how a strategy for building technological capability can be determined. The industrial network a firm operates in influences its technological capability. Networks differ in dynamics because of the differences in actors and the nature of interfacing between them. A Technology Colony can be defined as a concentration of technological based activities in the later phases of product lifecycles, without the necessary supportive technological based activities in the earlier phases of the lifecycles. In industrial clusters where the majority of the firms exhibit this type of technological profile, the network dynamics are different. In such cases the building of technological capability needs to be planned according to these characteristics.


The study aims to utilizing mollases as reducing sugar to bind ammonia from urea through maillard reaction in high temperature as a source of Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) slow release in order to improve the efficiency of NPN and of the avaibility of total protein. The study used mollases and cow rumen fluid from Ungaran slaughterhouses. The method of the study was factorial complate random design with 2x3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A0B1 (mollases-urea non heated 1 hour incubation), A0B2 (mollases-urea non heated 3 hour incubation), A0B3 (mollases-urea non heated 5 hour incubation), A1B1 (mollases-urea heated 1 hour incubation), A1B2 (mollases-urea heated 3 hour incubation) and A1B3 (mollases-urea heated 5 hour incubation). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that NH 3 , Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) and total protein production in different hours of incubation were significant (P 0,05). The longer the time of incubation, the lower the production. The highest NH 3 production was found at one hour of time of incubation. The VFA and total protein productions increased along with the increasing time of incubation with highest production was found at 5 hours of time of incubation. Keywords : Slow release, maillard reaction, NH 3 , VFA, protein total


It is shown that the atomic states, bonding dynamics, driving force and bond strain for the C–Ni(100) surface reaction can be consistently understood by considering the sp orbital hybridization of carbon. It is proposed that, at the initial stage, C sinks into the hollow site and bonds to one Ni atom underneath. The C-1 polarizes and pushes its surface neighbors radially away from the site center, and hence a Ni5C cluster forms. Then, sp hybridization of the C happens, leading to a Ni4C tetrahedron. Besides the Ni+ underneath the C adsorbate, three of the four surface Ni neighbors donate electrons to the adsorbate. The half-monolayer coverage of C defines therefore half of the surface Ni atoms to be Ni+ ions and the other half to be Ni2+ ions. As a result, one-dimensional nonuniform "- (+) - (2+) – (2+) - (+) – (+) -" chains form along the direction. It is suggested that the forces arising from charge redistribution drive the reconstruction. Calculation reveals that an increase of ~ 90 dyne electrostatic repulsion along the direction and a responding ~ 130 dyne bond compression stabilize the network of (2× 2)p4g clock rotation.


Electron energy‐loss spectroscopy is used to study hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H). Core‐level and plasma excitations were examined as a function of hydrogen content. This technique and its interpretation reveals a consistent picture of the electron excitations within this important material. The a‐Si:H thin films were fabricated by rf sputtering. Their hydrogen concentrations ranged from 0% to 15%. Hydrogen content was determined by infrared spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inspection of the silicon Auger‐KLL peak confirmed the silicon core levels.


The poor transfection efficiency of most synthetic vectors in non‐dividing, airway epithelial cells is limiting the development of gene therapy for respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis.


The purpose of this study is to predict the possibbility of bankruprtcy usingAltman Z-Score Model in Banking companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange since2008 until 2010.Ratios that used in this study based on Altman Z-Score Model are workingcapital to total asset, net profit before interest and tax to total asset, retained earningsto total asset, market value to total debt, and total sales to total asset. This study usespurposive sampling method and 27 companies was chosen as samples.Using secondary data of banking companies from Indoensian Capital MarketDirectory in the periods of 2008 to 2010, the study finds that there is the improvementof financial condition in banking companies during the observation year. BankEksekutif International Tbk is the company that has the largest possibbility ofbankruptcy than others. This study also finds that the Altman Z-Score can be used topredict the possibbility of bankruptcy.Keywords : Bankcrupty Prediction , Banking , Altman Model


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT) after orthotopic liver transplantation by contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods Six patients after orthotopic liver transplantation were diagnosed HAT and hepatic arterial flow dysfunction by color Doppler ultrasonography(CDUS),then they were examined by CEUS.Results Three patients were HAT confirmed by CEUS and operation,the other three cases were display arteria hepatica clearly after contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Conclusion CEUS has important value in the diagnosis of HAT after orthotopic liver transplantation.


Objective To evaluate the biomechanical stability of three internal fixations in treatment of double column acetabular fracture,including double column titanium plate( A),anterior special- shaping titanium plate plus quadrilateral screws( B),and anterior special-shaping titanium plate plus quadrilateral screws and posterior column screws( C). Methods Double column acetabular fracture models were built by using finite element modelling software,then loading analysis was applied. Results In the acetabulum,during the sitting and standing position,the maximum force,the maximum displacement and the mean node displacement on the fracture line of these three internal fixations showed A B C under the same loading method. However,the node displacement on the fracture line during sitting position showed statistically significant differences between A and B,C internal fixations( P 0. 05). No statistically significant difference was found between B and C( P 0. 05). There was also no statistical significance in standing position among these three groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion The technique of using anterior special-shaping titanium plate plus quadrilateral screws and posterior column screws has good biomechanical stabilities for the treatment of double column acetabular fracture.


A new approach is described toward evaluating the overall system performance in space missions; the objective is to demonstrate a new quantitative tool that can effectively synthesize and display the big picture. It considers a large number of individual components and factors that influence the big picture. The approach was found to be valuable in evaluating various options that must be considered in choosing one or more final ones. The application is especially suited to evaluate missions that consider ISRU. The Figure-of-Merit (FoM) can be different for different missions. In fact, it should be different for different priorities. Simple mass at launch, mass at the moment of departure from LEO, the payback time, the mass returned to LEO, the overall life-cycle costs, etc. are possible indicators of the FoM. After mentioning all of these possible definitions, the FoM for various historical missions will be presented. The FoM of a simple Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission is next presented. It is shown that the FoM is not only higher for missions employing ISRU, but that even among ISRU missions, several mundane propellant combinations are more desirable than the highest-performance propellants.


The good morning is a barbell exercise that can be used to develop muscular strength and hypertrophy in the posterior chain (i.e., hamstring muscles, gluteal muscles, spinal erectors, calf complex). The exercise uses a hip hinge motion with the barbell positioned across the upper trapezius, offering lifters an alternative to more common posterior chain exercises, such as the Romanian deadlift. The good morning may be particularly beneficial for lifters with lower levels of grip strength or upper-limb injury, which may prevent using a clean or opposing grip. This review describes exercise techniques and discusses some of the underpinning principles of the exercise and potential applications in training.Video Abstract—http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A393.


Resilience is a kind of psychological adjustment ability that children can still develop smoothly and achieve better results from the condition of difficulties or setbacks and other risk factors. With the rapid development of positive psychology and the continuous expansion of its connotation, the relationship between positive psychology and resilience in theoretical research and practical application has been strengthened, which has a profound impact on the development of children's resilience. Therefore, based on the perspective of positive psychology, this study constructs a four-in-one children's resilience training program with positive psychological orientation from individual, family, school and society, and infiltrates the basic concept and content of the program into daily education practice, so as to cultivate children's positive psychological resilience and improve their psychological health level, whether from the quality of talent training or children's self-development has extremely important practical significance.


Multi‐scale investigations aided by the discrete element method (DEM) play a vital role for current state‐of‐the‐art research on the elementary behaviour of granular materials. Similar to laboratory tests, there are three important aspects to be considered carefully, which are the proper stress/strain definition and measurement, the application of target loading paths and the designed experiment setup, to be addressed in the present paper. Considering the volume sensitive characteristics of granular materials, in the proposed technique, the deformation of the tested specimen is controlled and measured by deformation gradient tensor involving both the undeformed configuration and the current configuration. Definitions of Biot strain and Cauchy stress are adopted. The expressions of them in terms of contact forces and particle displacements, respectively, are derived. The boundary of the tested specimen consists of rigid massless planar units. It is suggested that the representative element uses a convex polyhedral (polygonal) shape to minimize possible boundary arching effects. General loading paths are described by directly specifying the changes in the stress/strain invariants or directions. Loading can be applied in the strain‐controlled mode by specifying the translations and rotations of the boundary units, or in the stress‐controlled mode by using a servo‐control mechanism, or in the combination of the two methods to realize mixed boundary conditions. Taking the simulation results as the natural consequences originated from a complex system, virtual experiments provide particle‐scale information database to conduct multi‐scale investigations for better understanding in granular material behaviours and possible development of the constitutive theories provided the qualitative similarity between the simulation results from virtual experiments and observations on real material behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Five years ago, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station's Unit 3 turbine experienced substantial damage after the supply of oil to its bearings failed. Because the turbine coasted down without oil after it tripped, its bearings, journals, and steam path needed extensive repairs. A follow-up investigation revealed lube oil system vulnerabilities that were subsequently corrected. The lessons learned might also improve your turbine-generators' lube oil reliability, saving you many millions in lost revenues.


Gustafsson, C., 2000. Solid State Characterisation and Compaction Behaviour of Pharmaceutical Materials. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 233. 64 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4813-5. In this thesis, factors important in tableting operations and for tablet properties have been studied and characterised by different spectroscopic techniques as well as by some more conventionally used particle characterisation techniques. The spectroscopic techniques solid-state NMR, FT-IR and NIR spectroscopy, proved to be valuable tools in the estimation of particle and tablet properties, offering both specificity and sensitivity in the measurements. Because of the large amount of information obtained in a spectrum, multivariate data analysis was in some cases used in the processing of the spectral data. Correlations between the solid state structure measured by spectroscopy and the particle and tablet properties could be obtained including useful prediction models. The surface area obtained using different principles has in this thesis been shown to reflect different properties and tableting behaviour of a collection of pharmaceutical materials. The particle shape and the external surface area of the powders measured by permeametry, were found to be important factors for the tensile strength of tablets made of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Furthermore, the external surface area could be used to access dominating interparticulate bonding mechanisms in compacts of different materials by normalising the tablet tensile strength for the tablet surface area. It was also shown that for materials prone to develop solid bridges, the actual surface area participating in the bonding was more important than the average interparticulate distance. When studying the properties of microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose powder from the alga Cladophora sp., the cellulose fibril surface area estimated by solid-state NMR resulted in better correlations to the tableting behaviour and to tablet disintegration than the external permeametric surface area did. It was suggested that the difference in fibril surface area of the two celluloses was the primary factor responsible for properties like the crystallinity and the disintegration of the tablets. Christina Gustafsson, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Box, 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden Christina Gustafsson 2000 ISSN 0282-7484 ISBN 91-554-4813-5 Printed in Sweden by University Printers, Uppsala 2000 Till min underbara familj No matter how many levels of consciousness one reaches, the problem always goes deeper.


Since Thomas Edison played "Mary had a Little Lamb" on the first gramophone in 1877,1 technology has fixed and cemented recorded music into a cultural cornerstone of our society. The technological innovations that followedphonograph, long-play album, eight-track, analog cassette, compact disc, and digital audiotapehave all brought advantages over their predecessors and have changed the way music infuses our lives. Now, in the age of the computer, technology is primed to jettison music into the new Millennium, and once again change the way we listen to music. Prepare for the following scenario. You return to you home on Friday night after a long workweek, and begin contemplating the eve-


Volume 82, no. 21, p. 6378–6385, 2016, [https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01789-16][1]. Page 6379: In Fig. 1, the labels for (+)-isoborneol and (−)-isoborneol should be transposed.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/AEM.01789-16


Social constructions of health a concept of health preamble to the constitution of the World Health Organization Daniel Callahan, the WHO definition of health James S. Goodwin, Culture and Medicine (Part Contents.)


Composite materials are widely used in a variety of applications; however, it remains challenging to characterize their properties and performance characteristics using conventional means. Here, we present the technique of correlative microscopy for composite analysis, using data from optical microscopy, XRM, SEM, and EDS to build a multi-scale model of the material microstructure and composition. These results were then loaded into a computational simulation environment, which was used to predict the mechanical properties of the specimen under investigation.


CCD observations of comet C/1999 J2 (Ski) were made at the Pik Terskol Observatory on September 15, 1999. The 2-m telescope equipped with the two-channel focal reducer of the Max-Plank-Institute for Aeronomy was used to study the cometary environment. In spite of the large heliocentric distance, 7.24 AU, a straight dust tail with fairly well defined boundaries was recorded. These data provide an opportunity to study the peculiarity of dust, that is not driven by water vapor. To fit the dust tail, a Monte Carlo model was developed. We trace the trajectories of about 10 7 sample grains to construct the detailed brightness distribution in the comet tail. The simulated isophote field and the observed one agree very well. In our model we also take into account the heliocentric dependence of the dust production rate and ejection velocity, and the dust ejection anisotropy. To transform the particle population to brightness in the modelled tail we calculate the scattering cross section of a separate particle using Mie theory. The age, ejection velocity, dust size distribution, minimum and maximum size of the involved dust particles have been derived from the model giving the best fit. The intensity map is in agreement with a flow of the slowly travelling icy grains. It has been determined that the age of the dust tail of comet C/1999 J2 (Ski )w as, at the moment of the observations, about 540 days and that the main reason for its appearance is likely phase transition from amorphous to crystalline water ice activated at the heliocentric distance of 8.6 AU.


The second edition of Pharmacy: An Introduction to the Profession provides a background of the history, opportunities, and current issues in pharmacy practice. Intended to be used as a textbook for pharmacy orientation courses, it offers general insights and pharmacy background information for those exploring a career in pharmacy.

The "core knowledge" provided by Posey is captured in 11 chapters, which cover the following topics: introduction; history; pharmaceutical care and medication therapy management; communication; ethics; careers; oversight; pharmacy associations; pharmacy literature; postgraduate opportunities; and current issues. Each chapter describes the topic from a birds eye view, keeping the novice audience in mind. A glossary and index are included at the back of the book to familiarize readers with terms and content.

The author is sincere in his efforts to keep the content current and yet at a level for students who are new to the profession. The provision of definitions in the margins is an effective way to introduce pharmacy vocabulary to students. Occasionally the author's focus on current issues may come at the expense of providing a more thorough examination of the chapter topic. For example, the chapter on governmental oversight discusses "behind the counter" classification of drugs, yet limits its description of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), its structure, and scope.

Posey's association with the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) is evident throughout the book. It is appropriate to highlight APhA's role in supporting and advancing the practice of pharmacy, and the resources provided by APhA are referenced in several sections. Similar to the first edition, Posey devotes a significant portion of the book to reprints of recent articles in the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. Sixty-five pages of the final chapter of this edition are reprints of JAPhA articles about medication therapy management.

Changes in the structure of the textbook may improve its utility and appeal for students considering a career in pharmacy. Adding a set of objectives at the beginning of each chapter may help guide the reader, and the author, as they proceed through the content. Pharmacy is a dynamic profession, giving the author opportunities to challenge the reader to further examine an issue, or think critically about a topic. A few enrichment exercises at the end of each chapter would engage the reader to be a more active participant in his or her career exploration. In addition, visual aids (pictures, diagrams, tables) could be used more liberally to reduce the text-heavy format of the book.

Pharmacy: An Introduction to the Profession can be a useful component of a pharmacy orientation course. As the author states, its utility relies on lectures and presenters to flesh out the introductory experience for students. Classroom discussions following assigned chapters can help students understand the intricacies of pharmacy practice and gain insights into their chosen career. Its reasonable price and broad approach make it worth considering for a prepharmacy introductory textbook.


A structured training course on operational research (OR) based on the model created by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and Médecins Sans Frontières was conducted in the South Asian region in 2012. Many innovations were introduced into the administration, structure and content of the course. Of 12 participants, 11 successfully completed all pre-defined milestones. Several challenges were identified. The main challenges included shortage of time, especially for data analysis and interpretation, and insufficient numbers of experienced facilitators. Appropriate modifications have been made to the structure and processes of the next course scheduled for 2013. We describe these modifications and the innovations, successes and challenges of this model of training.


The stability properties of two impulsively generated, time‐dependent temperature profiles in an initially quiescent, isothermal Boussinesq fluid are examined using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques. Quasi‐steady approximations are used to generate linear stability theory neutral curves whose large‐time forms can be explained by rational asymptotic methods. For the temperature profile generated by a step change in the plate temperature only linear theory results are presented, while an asymptotic solution for strongly nonlinear roll‐cell convection is given for the case of an impulsively applied heat flux at the plate. The main prediction of this strongly nonlinear solution is that the mean plate temperature remains proportional to the square root of time, even in the presence of the strong convective motion. The implications of this result for experimental investigations into the initiation of convection above an impulsively heated plate are discussed.


A Study on Strategies for Eliciting Involvement in the Discourses of College Lecture. Baek, Seungjoo. The aim of this study is to provide an analysis of strategies for eliciting involvement in the discourses of college lecture. In order to initially determine what these strategies might be, the lec...


We show that the notion of uncontrollable marking commonly used in the literature on supervisory control theory of Petri nets is not sound, by means of a counter-example. We also show how the definition can be corrected and provide an adaptation of a decidability proof for the problem of checking controllability for specifications expressed as deterministic Petri net languages.


This research focused to analyse the influence of Good Corporate Govarnance (GCG) component Independent Commissioners, Board of Directors and Managerial Ownership on the performance of Transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2020. The phenomenon that occured was the condition of fluctuative transportation sector income in 2018-2020. Data analysis technique is using: (1) Classic Assumption Test, and (2) Hypothesis Testing. The results explain that Independent Commissioners partially have a significantly influence on the company's perform variable. Board of Directors and Managerial Ownership partially have a significantly negative influence on the company's perform variable. Simultaneously, the variables of independent commissioners, "board of directors, and managerial ownership as a whole or simultaneously have an influence on the company's perform variables


1. Phytochemist. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur 2. Assistant professor, Dept of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College & Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India 3. Associate General Manager, Micro Labs Advanced Research Center, Micro Labs Limited, Bangalore 4. Executive Associate General Manager, Micro Labs Advanced Research Center, Micro Labs Limited, Bangalore Address for correspondence: Dr. Abhay J. Gandhi, Department of Pharmacognosy, 1. Phytochemist. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur E mail: email@example.com ABSTRACT: Objective: Phyllanthus emblica is an ethnomedicinal plant that has several medicinal claims and it hasn't been explored thoroughly. Various parts of the plant are used medicinally such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic etc. The study aims to explore the different qualitative, quantitative, and antifungal aspects of Phyllanthus emblica. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-microbial activity of Phyllanthus emblica extracts against Grampositive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), and Fungal (Candida albicans). The agar well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity. Result & Discussion: Phyllanthus emblica extracts exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal against all the selected bacterial and fungal species. The extracts exhibited the growth inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the study reveals Phyllanthus emblica shows good antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The Phyllanthus emblica plant extracts could be used as an antimicrobial after comprehensive in-vitro biological studies.


Two methods of cloud masking tuned to tropical conditions have been developed, based on spectral analysis and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. In the spectral approach, thresholds were applied to four reflective bands (1, 2, 3, and 4), three thermal bands (29, 31 and 32), the band 2/band 1 ratio, and the difference between band 29 and 31 in order to detect clouds. The PCA approach applied a threshold to the first principal component derived from the seven quantities used for spectral analysis. Cloud detections were compared with the standard MODIS cloud mask, and their accuracy was assessed using reference images and geographical information on the study area.


Retail trade has always shown fluctuant characteristic such as customers demand, running expenses, etc. Retail sites locating is a critical aspect of its strategic planning and an improper locating stratagem would cause wasting resource and losing business opportunity. In the paper, we study the problem of retail sites locations of multistage so that retail firms can suit its environmental changing, which based on existing single period locations. The utility of each customer for a retail site is an important factor for his shopping. After analyzing scarcity of existing utility, we design stair-utility and use three different formularies expressing the utility. We propose a model of retail sites locations for multistage and design a scatter search algorithm according as the trait of our model. A material example is calculated by Lingo optimization software and scatter search algorithm respectively. The results with two different algorithms show that the scatter search algorithm has excellent performance in calculative speed and astringency.


Aging of population leads to limitations in functional abilities and in activities of daily living (ADL) which are the essential elements of independent care of oneself. Limitations in performing these activities result in increasing need for assistance and institutionalizing of the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fear of movement, or kinesiophobia, on ADL in elder institutionalized people with chronic pain. The research included 60 individuals older than 65 suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain, institutionalized in Gerontoloski Centar Nis. The participants` fear of movement was assesed by Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, performing ADL was assesed by Katz index and pain intensity was evaluated by Numerical Rating Scale. We found that a large number of participants had high degree of kinesiophobia (63%), as well as that there is statistically significant negative correlation between the values of Katz index and Tampa Scale (r=-0.583, p<0.01). There is no statistically significant negative correlation between the values of Numerical Rating Scale and Katz index (r=0.139, p<0.289). There is no statistically significant positive correlation between the values of Numerical Rating Scale and Tampa Scale (r=0.215, p=0.098). The research showed that kinesiophobia has influence on ADL in elder institutionalized people with chronic pain. Higher degree of fear of movement corresponds to greater dependence of the participants in performing ADL. Pain intensity influenced neither the fear of movement nor the dependence/independence in performing ADL.


The evolution of information science in response to the demand for scientific information is discussed as a back ground to the development of part-time and full-time courses in the United Kingdom to provide a formal education for information scientists. The work of the Institute of Informa tion Scientists in evaluating courses and maintaining a high standard of entry to the profession is also treated.


A repeated‐measures experimental cross‐over study was conducted with school‐aged children with spastic cerebral palsy (spastic CP) to compare the effects of flat‐bench versus saddle‐bench seating on postural control and reaching motions. The saddle bench allowed significantly better postural control as measured by the clinical rating scale Sitting Assessment for Children with Neuromotor Dysfunction and by a study‐defined variable. Spinal Extension. No statistically significant differences were found for any other variables using aggregate data‐analysis techniques. However, the group results and those of single‐subject data analysis suggest that the saddle seat may help such children to develop and maintain seated postural control and upper‐extremity movement patterns.


This study aimed at investigating the needs of English-specific purposes materials for nursing students at the Dehasen University of Bengkulu. It focused on the existing materials used by English lecturers, target situation (the purpose of learning English, materials needed, and topics needed), and the activities needed by nursing students from students' and stakeholders' perception. This research was a mixed-method that involved forty-nine nursing students and nine stakeholders. The data of this research were collected by using a questionnaire, documentation, and interview. The results of the study revealed that the existing materials used by the English teachers tended to general English materials. In addition, the analysis results of target situation show that; 1) most students learn English for looking for jobs; 2) the most needed language proficiency components were vocabulary mastery, speaking and listening skill; 3) the materials needed in each language skill and knowledge were the materials that were related to nursing activities and job; 4) almost all of the topics were needed by nursing students such as giving information on treatment plans or diagnosis. Moreover, the learning activities needed by nursing students were in terms of the workgroup (small group, large group, and pairs) and discussion. In conclusion, the findings describe that student need the real English learning materials in nursing profession and the appropriate learning activities that can make them interact and work together with their classmates.


Abstract : The oxidation of succinate by E. coli, strain B, was completely suppressed at concentrations (4 x 10 to the -4th power M) of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) which permitted ready oxidation of the acetate. The oxidative assimilation of acetate was totally inhibited at DNP contents which permitted succinate oxidation. Acetate-grown cells oxidized acetate at a greater rate than succinate- or nutrient broth-grown cells. However, the rates of succinate oxidation were about the same with cells grown either on acetate, succinate, or nutrient broth. The results indicated that E. coli did not form succinate as an intermediate in the oxidation of acetate of CO sub2 and H sub2 O, and that neither a di-nor a tricarboxylic acid cycle appeared to be a major pathway for acetate oxidation.


A system was developed to physically measure the escape response of elk during velvet antler removal. This response was to be used as an indirect measure of the pain the animal may have experienced. Two load cells and a triaxial accelerometer were used in conjunction with data acquisition equipment to record the response of animals during different segments of the procedure. The load cells measured the tension in two ropes used to restrain the animal's head, and the accelerometer recorded any motion of the animal's head. Rope tension accurately indicated the elks' responses, but the accelerometer did not provide any additional information. Other potential improvements to the system were also noted.


DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE 59.8 KM-LONG TOLL MOTORWAY WITH ITS 25 KM-LONG ACCESS ROADS, WHICH WILL LINK THE HARBOUR AND INDUSTRIAL TOWN OF LA PLATA WITH BUENOS AIRES. THE FINAL PROJECT WAS SELECTED IN 1964 AND A LIMITED COMPANY WAS FORMED TO DEAL WITH THE CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF THE NEW MOTORWAY. COSTS ARE QUOTED TOGETHER WITH THE EARTHWORK BALANCE, QUANTITIES OF ASPHALT AND CEMENT NEEDED, ETC. IN ORDER TO ESTIMATE REVENUES AND POSSIBILITIES OF GETTING BACK THE INVESTED CAPITAL, TRAFFIC FORECASTS WERE MADE FOR 1973 AND 1978, AND TOLL FEES FIXED AT 5 PESOS/KM FOR CARS AND 11 PESOS/KM FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES. A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED, AND FIGURES QUOTED FOR DIRECT AND INDIRECT BENEFITS ACCRUING FROM THE REALISATION OF THE PROJECT.


This article acquisition the eye movement signal from the liberal arts students and college students of science and engineering, when they reading different style Chinese poetries which are writen in preqin, WeiJin, Tang, Song, the period of the republic and modern times. Through statistics and analysis, we can draw the following conclusion.1) The factors of portry, like the form of language, the content and the arrangment, all can influence the eye movement track when we are reading. And the language form is the most important factor when reading. 2)The difference between liberal arts students(LAS) and students of science and engineering(SSE)'eye movement feature in reading, we can see that the SSE pay more attention to the meaning and content in reading, however, the LAS pay more attention to understanding and experience the thoughts and feeling the poetry conveyed.


Abstract : Research was carried out on the following main topics: modelling and identification of stochastic systems; structure of non-linear stochastic systems; linear and non-linear filtering; failure detection methods; stochastic control; adaptive control; and control and estimation problems for systems with time delay. Technical details of the research may be found in the reports, theses, and papers cited in the references. A list of publications supported wholly or partially by this grant is included at the end of this report.


This review identifies and categorizes 27 contemporary children's or young adult novels in which either the protagonist or one of the major characters is gifted. Books are classified into six categories: (1) books in which giftedness is described as an innate character of the protagonist, but this fact is not a dominating feature of the character or plot; (2) books in which the characters are who they are because they are gifted, but giftedness itself is not an issue; (3) books in which the protagonist or another important character is gifted and that giftedness is a source of some problem or conflict, but giftedness is not the central focus of the book; (4) books in which the perspective of those not recognized as gifted is offered; (5) books in which giftedness is exaggerated for the sake of humor; and (6) books which explicitly focus on giftedness. The list of books analyzed is attached. (DS) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** PROCEEDINGS SAGE 602 / Th CANADIAN SYMPOSOUPA U DEPARTMENT Of EDUCADON OP/ce ot Cducanonal 1,1.4AM h stx1 Intpepe.T.01 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC, 000umen1 nes been /eetodeeed as .ece,,ed uem umson to nuRmafing Mono, cnanges nilve Wen natle 10 .0,P,OrP '00,0<1141.0, Oullety Ponus slated 00(.0 men! do Nal nocessapae mesem oPmuP OE RI posRon 0, pcame The Portrayal of Gifted Children in Children's Books Barbara Brydges The University of Calgary The objective of this study was to ascertoin: whether gifted children are often found in children's books; whether there are consistencies in the way that they are portrayed; and finally, whether these portrayals are realistic. The underlying assumption is that literature reflects society's views and values so that fictional portrayals are a reflection of contemporary attitudes. There are also practical uses to be made of such literature. Stories provide a coherent view of experience, providing a quite different picture of giftedness than can be gleaned from academic texts or lists of "gifted characteristics". Gifted children reading books about other gifted kids will experience a fellow-feeling, and spark of recognition. They may be helped to understand themselves, or may feel less isolated or unusual. Books can be used for bibliotherapy; a form of counseling in which individuals are encouraged to read and discuss novels in which the characters are confronted with situations and problems similar to their own. I identified and read twenty-seven contemporary children's or young adult novels in which either the protagonist or one of the major charticters was described in terms which are normally recognized as gifted; i.e. possessing high intelligence, highly able in school, or talented in a particular area such as art, music, science etc. This is in no way a comprehensive or exhaustive list of all possible titles, but it is sufficient to allow of breaking them down into six categories, based on the degree of their focus on giftedness. CATEGORY ONE There are a number of books in which giftedness is clearly described as an innate characteristic of the protagonist, but this fact is in no way a domthating feature of the character or of the book's plot or theme. Books on the bibliography that fit into this category include those by Danziger, Poole, and Rodgers. In all of these the fact that the central character is gifted is neither "here-nor-there", nor would it be easy to determine any commonalities to these three characters that could be used to develop a portrait of gifted children. CATEGORY TWO Books that fall into this category have characters who are clearly who and what they are because they are gifted, but giftedness is not an issue or concern. In some ways, these may be the most positive portrayals of all, because these are well-integrated, self-confident individuals, content to be themselves and comfortable in developing their abilities. This group includes the two books by Bruce Brooks and MacLachlan's The facts and fictions of Minna Pratt. CATEGORY THREE The third category are books in which the protagonist, or another important character, is gifted and that giftedness is a source of some problem or conflict, but giftedness is not the central focus of the book's plot or theme. Titles from the bibliography which fall into this category include thl books by L'Engle, Mahy, Sweeney and Tolan. L'Engle's and Tolan's cooks are both narrated by older sisters,who PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED SY J. Lunar t TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI.' 17 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE PROCEEDONGS a SAGE 1962 / 670-0 CANIADDAH SYMPOSOUN describe the problems of their exceptionally gifted younger brothers in similar terms. Both boys have a deep interest in science, and no common interests with the other children in their grade one classes. L'Engle describes Charles Wallace Murry's first day in grade one, when the teacher asks the students to each tell her something about themselves: Charles Wallace (You should have known better!' Meg scolded him that night) stood and said, "What I'm interested in right now are the farandolae and the mitochondria" "Now, Charles, suppose you stop making silly things up, and the next time I call on you, don't try to show off." (p. 15,16) The result of his being so different is that he is beaten up daily by the other kids. Doug, the little brother of Tolan's narrator has few friends of his own age. "None of the other kids could relate to his all-consuming interest in the Ordovician age, and the very idea of playing with matchbox cars or pretending to be the captain of a spaceship had always bored him silly". (Tolan p. 16) Nevertheless, these problems are secondary elements of these novels L'Engle's novel dealing with themes of good and evil, and Tolan's with learning to accept differences and weaknesses in other people. CATEGORY FOUR Three of the books on the bibliography tell the story from the other side, from the perspective of those who see themselves as "put down" or abandoned because they are not labelled as gifted. These are the books by Cresswell, Pfeffer and. Woodson. Cresswell's Ordinary Jack, is a humorous English novel about young . Jack, the only one of the Bagthorpe clan who doesn't have several extraordinary talents. With the help of a sympathetic Uncle, he sets out to convince his family he has psychic powers. Ten-year-old Laurie, in Pfeffer's Dear Dad, Love Laurie, writes to her absent father about her anger over not being placed in the school's gifted program, while her friend is. Laurie schemes and connives to get herself admitted to the program, and in the end achieves her goal. These books do not negatively portray gifted individuals, the problem clearly residing with those who are jealous, but the tendency of the reader is to be "on the side" of the protagonist. CATEGORY FIVE Two books on the bibliography, and several other series that are not included, are works in which giftedness is exaggerated for the sake of humour. Fitzgerald's Great Brain series is similar to other series, such as the Encyclopedia Brown or the old Tom Swift books, in which the intelligence of the young hero is such that he can solve any 'problem, although sometimes he's "too smart for his own good". Although stereotypical in nature, these are very positive portraits. Roald Dahl's presentation of an impossibly gifted young child, in Matilda, has a more serious satirical intent. Matilda who has read all of the Great Books by the time she starts Primary School, has the misfortune to be born to completely insensitive and stupid parents, "so wrappcd up in their own silly little lives that they failed to notice anything unusual about their daughter".(p. 10) As if her parents weren't bad enough, the headmistress of the school is a bullying abusive tyrant who hates children. Matilda uses her brains and abilities, including the ability to move objects at a distance, to get revenge on


For the subjectivity, complexity, and uncertainty of information system security assessment, this paper proposes a method for information system security assessment based on a differential evolution algorithm. First, the goal function is established according to the information system security evaluation model, and the evaluation information of the security level and security attributes of the system is obtained. Second, we propose a strategy based on confidence to reduce the randomness of the evaluation results. Third, using the optimization characteristics of differential evolution, a parameter optimization model considering the influence of evaluation efficiency and evaluation accuracy is constructed, which makes the description of information system security evaluation more accurate. Finally, an information security evaluation system based on a differential evolution algorithm is built. Simulation and experiment prove the proposed information system security assessment's effectiveness.


The issue of generator grounding, separately denived systems, and the application of 3-pole and 4-pole transfer switches continues to be misunderstood and misapplied by design engineers in spite of several IEEE papers on the subject. Incorrect generator grounding and/or incorrect transfer switch selection can result in non- code complying installations, intermingling of ground and neutral currents, and possible incorrect ground-fault sensing. In order to properly ground multiple service and multiple generator installations, the electrical design engineer must have an in-depth understanding of all of the variables involved. I. Introduction In 1978, Bob West presented a paper entitled "Grounding for Emergency and Standby Power Systems." His paper, which appeared in the WAPR 1979 IAS Transactions addressed grounding requirements for generators and other separately derived systems, the application of 3-pole and 4-pole automatic transfer switches (ATS), and the effect of grounding and transfer switch selection on GFP performance. In 1988, this author published a paper entitled "Ground- Fault Protection and the Problem of Nuisance Tripping of Critical Feeders." This paper, published in the MAY/JUNE 1990 Transactions, explained in-depth the ground-fault protection probllem created by incorrectly grounded standby generators and incorrect ATS selection. In spite of at least two papers on the subject, genecator grounding, separately derived systems, and the application of 3-pole and 4-pole transfer switches continues to be misunderstood by electrical design engineers. This has resulted in many installed systems that are not code-complying. Some of these systems result from the undesirable intermingling of ground and neutral currents, which can cause unwanted potential differences, voltages capable of driving common mode currents, and incorrect ground-fault sensing. Other installations, whether code-complying or non-code- complying, may show little or no deleterious effect because of favorable system impedances which tend to attenuate "stray" currents. The purpose of this paper is to look at a variety of systems utikzing multiple services, multiple generators, and multiple transfer switches, and analyze ground and neutral currents in terms of their effect on system safety and reliability. This paper will examine contiguratiions that are known to violate the National Electrical Code (NEC), and it will examine possible problems with systems known to comply with the NEC. The paper will address new systems as well as existing systems that are candidates for possible retrofit.


Recognising language design as a valid programming paradigm should have widespread benefits e.g. for the development of CASE tools. This validity is demonstrated both pragmatically and formally. The pragmatic justification derives from matching the patterns of usage and quality assessment of programming languages on the one hand, with corresponding patterns for the output of the ''programming'' activity. The formal justification derives from an examination of denotational semantics. Language design as incarnated in the production of a denotational semantics is evidently functional programming, with all the concerns for modularity and abstraction that should also be the concerns of applications programmers. Then, when the denotational equations are restructured in better accord with these programming principles, it emerges that the semantics of a centrepiece of programmer activity declarations are evidently language extensions.


The development of natural gas buses and taxis in Binhai new area is analyzed and conceived. The reconstruction scheme of oil-fired vehicle, types of gas filling station and development mode are put forward, and the economic and environmental benefits are prospected.


Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the development of chronic erosive arthritis and systemic inflammatory lesions of the internal organs. A significant number of patients have interstitial lung damage. 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined. In order to study the hemodynamics of the microcirculatory bed of the pulmonary circulation, the lungs were scanned using a scanner with a Scinticard-Numbering registration system. Blood flow disorders in the microvasculature of the lungs were identified in 67.1 % of patients. The severity of hemodynamic disturbances in the pulmonary capillaries did not depend on the duration of the disease and accompanying pathological processes of the respiratory system. Damage probability for the microvasculature of the pulmonary circulation increases with the degree of disease activity.


The aims of this study were to compare the differences of being good membership behavior among faculties and staffs of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University with different sex, age, income, education, marital status, and working period, and investigate the relationships between organizational commitment and being good membership behavior. The research methodology employed a questionnaire as a quantitative method. The respondents were 305 faculties and staffs of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. This research used Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, One-Way ANOVA Analysis of Variance, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient in data analysis. The results showed that organizational commitment among faculties and staffs of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University was at a high level. In addition, differences in sex, age, income, education, marital status, and working period revealed differences in being good membership behavior. The results also indicated that organizational commitment was significantly related to being good membership behavior. Keywords—Being Good membership behavior, Organizational Commitment.


The completion and operation of Three Gorges Reservoir creates favorable conditions for water supplement to the mid-lower reaches in dry season to resist drought,and guarantee water supply safety for the important cities along the Yangtze River.In order to scientifically regulate Three Gorges Reservoir,the water intake facilities,navigation guarantee level and annual dry-season runoff data of the main cities along the river are analyzed,and based on comprehensive consideration on the water intake of the cities,ecological water requirement,tidal salt-water intrusion control and navigation,the lowest water level(discharge) of the control cross-sections of the main cities along the mainstream are determined.The determination of the lowest water level(discharge) provides a basis for scientific regulation and operation of Three Gorges Reservoir,as well as making emergency preplan for water shortage in dry season of the cities along the river.


Application-oriented universities aim at cultivating applied advanced students and attaching importance to the cultivation of students' practical ability. According to the present problems of course teaching for the principle and application of the single chip microcomputer, including that the students don't like learning actively, lack of practical ability and the unreasonable curriculum assessments, the research and practice are carried out in this paper, by adjusting the content of courses, flexible teaching methods and reforming the curriculum assessment, and ultimately achieved the purpose of improving the of teaching quality and enhancing the practical ability of students.


This research that been conducted to know the perception of library user on the Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak Puncak Perdana services and facilities and the readiness of the Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak Puncak Perdana in positioning towards digital library environment that focusing on the student from UiTM Puncak Perdana. There is three aspect that been discuss in this research that is the student perception on the digital library services and facilities provided by PTAR Puncak Perdana, the awareness of student in the UiTM Puncak Perdana on the digital library scenario and lastly focusing on the PTAR Puncak Perdana itself, that is about the skills and competencies needed for library staff towards positioning to digital library. 100 respondents has been choose randomly from three faculty in UiTM Puncak Perdana that is 40 respondents from Faculty of Information management, 30 respondents from Faculty of Mass Communication and 30 respondents from Faculty of Technology Creative and Artistic. From the survey we can conclude that among three faculties in the UiTM puncak Perdana, students from Faculty of Technology Creative and Artistic is the lowest user of PTAR's digital library and Student from Faculty of Information Management is the highest user of PTAR's digital library.


Web forums are a huge data source. They allow people to interact with unknown individuals. Studying forums shows that the interaction is not obvious only through the structure but also through the content of the post. Taking into account this observation, we extract a social network with different kinds of relationships i.e. the structural relation, the name and the text quotations relation. We present here the promising results we obtain, and the difficulties we face while extracting the quotations in this kind of textual content. These results are obtained from real data (from two information websites) which make the validation difficult. So, we create a validation protocol composed of two steps and based on human raters. Finally, we will see the objective of this work which is understanding interactions in order to extract the social roles of individuals.


It discloses dementia and pre-dementia associated with the condition and / or compositions for treating or preventing a condition or characteristic of such conditions and methods.


Professionalized teaching from the view of sociology is characterized by teaching itself and serving for students.From the view of pedagogy,as professional teachers,since teachers major in education,professional includes teachers interest,benefits,and teachers ' promotion.To realize the intrinsic education value,we must establish teaching as a position unsubstituted.


In the letter we present a new method for the calculations of resonant frequencies of cylindrical dielectric resonators using the variational principle. This method is applicable for determining the resonant frequencies of cylindrical isolated and shielded dielectric resonators. Computations for all modes (TE, TM and HEM) are given.


The paper presents the results of studies of the process of wood pellets pressing. The change in the modulus of longitudinal elasticity (Young's modulus) at different pressures depending on heating temperature, humidity and fractional composition of sawdust (charge) is considered. In previous studies, the dependences of the elastic modulus on external factors for chipboard and fiberboard made of crushed wood particles with a binder are defined. In the works of various authors there are separate data on the dependence of the magnitude of the final density and quality of compressed granules on the Young's modulus of compressed wood mixture in the channels of cylindrical matrix. At the same time, questions about the effect of pressing pressure as a function of temperature, humidity and fractional composition of chips on the magnitude of the modulus of the longitudinal elasticity of a compressed wood mixture without binders have not been studied sufficiently. An experimental setup has been created to determine the elastic modulus of compressed wood mixture. The model of the deformation compression of the wood charge in the filler of a cylindrical matrix has been chosen as the basic scheme for conducting experiments. An experimental determination of the modulus of longitudinal elasticity has been performed for the mixture of spruce, pine and birch wood of various fractions. The pressing force of the charge has varied from 100 to 300 kgf. As a result of the study, it was established that the dependence of the elastic modulus of wood pellets on the pressing force is linear one; for compressed wood mixture at operating pressures of 100300 kgf in the press granulator, the Young's modulus varies within 600 1500 MPa; pressing temperature has a significant impact on the magnitude of the elastic modulus at values up to 100-102 oС, a further increase in temperature does not make significant changes; when pressing the wood charge, predominantly elastic deformations occur; the change in the fractional composition and moisture content of the wood mixture affects the Young's modulus to a lesser extent than the temperature; the quality of wood pellets decreases when the moisture content of wood mixture is 6 % or less.


The wastewater treatment device 10 of the present invention, is added to the water to be treated containing fluorine 12 from the chemicals tank 15 to be stored minutes calcium to produce calcium fluoride, it may be processed to calcium fluoride 12 with a RO filtration device 14 for removing fluoride ions from the membrane 13, to be treated with calcium fluoride, it is separated (12) to separate, and calcium did not react with fluorine minutes by the RO filter system 14 the number of concentrate to be treated 12, has a structure to be conveyed to the front end than the filter membrane (13).


Reduction of influences of noise is an important stage in the iris recognition systems. In order to reduce effects of noise such as, eyelashes, eyelids and light illumination, this paper proposes noise reduction method based on an adaptive fuzzy filtering. The proposed method has low complexity and adaptive window size of filling filter. The Fuzzification is based on density of noise pixels within the filter's window and intensity values of noise and iris patterns. The Adaptive window size of filter enables the filling filter to perform noise reduction for different densities of noise pixels in the iris region. The results of applying proposed adaptive fuzzy filtering method on the CASIA V3.0 iris database, with genuine acceptance rate equals 99.72% show the success of the proposed method.


Abstra t. In this paper we study the restri tions of the minimal representation in the analyti ontinuation of the s alar holomorphi dis rete series from Sp ( n, R ) to GL ( n, R ) , and from SU ( n, n ) to GL ( n, C ) respe tively. We work with the realisations of the representation spa es as L 2 -spa es on the boundary orbits of rank one of the orresponding ones, and give expli it integral operators that play the role of the intertwining operators for the de omposition. We prove inversion formulas for dense subspa es and use them to prove the Plan herel theorem for the respe tive de omposition. The Plan herel measure turns out to be absolutely ontinuous with respe t to the Lebesgue measure in both ases.


The Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ shows three emission colors: 442, 505, and 620 nm. The 442 and 505 nm emission originate from Eu2+ ions, while the 620 nm emission originates from Mn2+ ions. The excitation bands of three emission colors are positioned around 375 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurement demonstrates that Eu2+ ions are occupied with three different Ba2+ sites. The red emission of Mn2+ ions has a long decay time of 750 ms due to persistent energy transfer from oxygen vacancies to Mn2+ ions, while the blue and green bands of Eu2+ ions have decay times of 0.32 and 0.64 μs, respectively. The fabricated white-light emitting diode using a 400-nm-emissive chip with a white-light emitting Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor shows warm white light and higher color stability against input power in comparison with a commercial GaN-pumped (Y1−xGdx)3(Al1−yGay)5O12:Ce3+ phosphor.


Previous studies have revealed that extensive nonrandom fragmentation of ribosomal RNA occurs during conversion of Helicobacter pylori to the coccoid form. The 16S rRNA fragmentation has been characterised in some detail. The aim of the present study was to define corresponding cleavage‐sites in the 3′‐half of the 23S rRNA molecule.


Underwater communication is a challenging issue for under-water robotics. This is especially the case for swarm robotics in confined spaces and turbid waters where neither sonar nor light can be used. This paper presents a new perspective for addressing this issue. The approach is based on artificial electric sense, a sensing ability inspired from weakly electric fish that can perceive their surrounding and communicate in group by interpreting the electric fields generated by themselves or by conspecifics. This concept is implemented on an heterogenous swarm of underwater robots, named subCULTron, which is able to cooperate in order to explore and monitor its environment in the harsh conditions of the Venice Laguna.


Sensor networks differ from traditional adhoc networks in several ways: sensor networks have severe energy constraints,redundant lowrate data,and many-to-one flows.Based on these characteristics,a novel routing algorithm based on regenerated-tree for data aggregation was proposed.In this scheme,the node in sensing region which is nearest to the sink acts as the region aggregation point.All other nodes in sensing region send their data to this region aggregation node along the regenerated-tree,then,sends the aggregation information to the sink along the shortest path.Experimental results show that the data aggregation scheme can cause fewer transmissions and a bit shorter transmission delay.


In matrix completion under noisy measurements, most available results assume that there is an a priori bound on the Frobenius norm of the noise, and derive bounds on the Frobenius norm of the residual error. In this letter, we obtain "component-wise" bounds on the residual error, based on a similar bound on the noise. This among the first such results. As in our earlier paper, choose the locations of the samples to correspond to the edge set of a Ramanujan bigraph. One recent application is to deriving nearly optimal action-value functions in Reinforcement Learning (RL), which is illustrated through examples. The results presented here are only sufficient conditions. Then we illustrate through numerical simulations that there is considerable room for improvement in the sufficient conditions derived here. This is a problem for future research.


The article reveals the concept of etiquette, the concept of economic security. The article is devoted to the ethical aspects of the professional activity of a specialist in economic security. The participation of physical education in the


Helicobacter pylori is the bacterial agent responsible for most gastric ulcers and stomach cancers. The helical shape of H. pylori is critical for the bacteria to penetrate the thick mucus layer of the stomach lining and thus escape the acidic environment of the stomach lumen. Multiple genes are involved in the creation and maintenance of H. pylori's complex shape. Currently, identifying these genes requires laborious microscopic screening of mutant libraries to identify bacterial shape variants. In a report published in Molecular Microbiology, Drs. Laura K. Sycuro and Nina R. Salama (Division of Human Biology) employ flow cytometry to substantially enrich cell shape variants and identify new genes involved in the formation of H. pylori's unique shape.


Basic 3D models of real buildings are mainly used in the design phase, when they serve as a visualization of future projects or as a basis for the creation of project documentation. However, the possibilities of Building Information Modeling are much wider. The paper presents the options available during the tendering for the company's support service providers within the framework of Building Information Modeling (BIM). The principle is based on defining the necessary content of the Building Information Modeling, which would enable a smooth transition between the implementation and operational phases. At the end of the implementation phase, the model should contain information that could be used for the needs of the selection process for facility management service providers, which, unlike normal construction production, have many of their own specificities, but are necessary for the operation of the facility. This information must be entered into the model during the entire construction process in the form of defined parameters, a defined format and the location of these parameters. The purpose of the Building Information Modeling should primarily be the optimization of costs during the entire life cycle of the construction project, as well as better and clearer availability of information and facilitation of cooperation between individual participating entities. Therefore, the prerequisite for using the Building Information Modeling as the main basis for tendering is its high-quality processing, which places high demands on all participants in the investment project.


Simple Summary Ras homologous A (RHOA), a signal mediator and a GTPase, is associated with the progression of gastric cancer (GC). We present novel RHOA inhibitors designed for greater anti-GC potency by means of lead optimization. The RHOA → BIRC5 signaling circuit was found to be a new therapeutic strategy for regulating GC proliferation and migration. Abstract Ras homologous A (RHOA), a signal mediator and a GTPase, is known to be associated with the progression of gastric cancer (GC), which is the fourth most common cause of death in the world. Previously, we designed pharmacologically optimized inhibitors against RHOA, including JK-136 and JK-139. Based on this previous work, we performed lead optimization and designed novel RHOA inhibitors for greater anti-GC potency. Two of these compounds, JK-206 and JK-312, could successfully inhibit the viability and migration of GC cell lines. Furthermore, using transcriptomic analysis of GC cells treated with JK-206, we revealed that the inhibition of RHOA might be associated with the inhibition of the mitogenic pathway. Therefore, JK-206 treatment for RHOA inhibition may be a new therapeutic strategy for regulating GC proliferation and migration.


This article describes a Pascal profiler originally written by D.E. Knuth. In principle, this should be portable to any machine. In practice it required a lot of work to adapt it to VMS. We believe that the modified profiler can now support the whole of Standard Pascal and many non-Standard parts of VMS Pascal; and that it should be more easily portable than the original. We also provide a companion utility for generating execution count files.


This article uses Habermasian philosophy as a reading grid to understand the eminently political aspect of international accounting standard-setting. We specifically analyze the accounting regulations specific to the exploration for and the evaluation of mineral resources in the European context. The rise of the IASC and its successor, the IASB, favors the emergence of a new phase in accounting standard-setting, with a shift from a ruling logic to regulations that put the economic and social actors at the forefront of the negotiations. This change is particularly obvious in the notorious exception allowed by IFRS 6 (Exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources) exempting applicants from paragraphs 10–12 of the IAS 8. This example allows us to question the legitimacy of international accounting standardization and the ethical problems it poses. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


The world is in front of a risky epidemic due to novel coronavirus (2019-CoV or COVID-19). This virus is not only affected human health but it affected the economy and caused completely paralysis in many countries of the world. Various therapeutic, medicinal, scientific, and technological communities are demanding to find out specifically and to approve successful strategies for discovering the effective vaccine which can lead to stop the virus expansion, recognize medication, reduce humanity health hazards, serious infections, death rates. The importance of natural effective nutritious food and diet having peculiar immunity is highlighted which pointed out the unconfirmed dietary option risks which would lead to decline effective precautionary procedures. This report is aimed to focus on the most effective food and nutrients which trigger the body immunity system and prevent the coronavirus type infections.


The effect of pH (7, 5.6, 3.5), NaCl concentration (3 to 20% w/v) and EDTA on the antifungal activity of sorbic acid and propionic acid (Ca salt) against Candida spp., Sporothrix sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium spp., Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus spp. was investigated by the Spiral Gradient End Point Test. Sorbic acid was active against most yeasts and molds, and in the presence of EDTA, which enhanced the effect of sorbic acid, all the organisms tested were inhibited. Sorbic acid was most effective at low pH. The inhibitory effect of sorbic acid increased with increasing NaCl concentration for all test organisms. Propionic acid was not as active as sorbic acid, but when combined with EDTA the inhibition was improved for some of the molds tested. Increasing or decreasing the pH did not change the antifungal activity of propionic acid. Synergistic effects of NaCl occurred at concentrations higher than 10%, but when EDTA was added, the inhibition was seen even at the lower NaCl concentrations.


The water produced is the water brought to the surface through the oil and gas wells. It is made of natural deposit water, mixed with the hydrocarbons in the deposit. Due to the fact that more and more deposits are reaching maturity, the volume of water produced increases over time, so its disposal is now mandatory and conditions the continuation of gas production. Separation of the impurity gases is carried out within the group of probes, by means of installations called liquid separators. They are mounted on the path of each pipe of the well's supply, and their maintenance is equal to the duration of the probe's production time. The mounting of the separators for the adduction wells is usually done inside the well group, so that they can be controlled and exploited according to some rigorously designed schemes. This study presents the separation of the gases from the water using the separators with F.S. filter type


[The lecturer spoke of the importance of the subject, of its classification, the views of different students, as Pettenkofer and Koch, in regard to the nature of the infectious material, the duration of the cholera poison, and the ways of invasion. He accepts Koch's views. The incubation period varies between 12 hours and 5 days. The clinical picture varies according to the intensity of the infection. Cholera diarrhœa represents the mildest degree of the infection, beginning with dyspeptic troubles, or comes on suddenly without these, usually at night. With painful gripings come on a number of copious, thin, light-colored discharges, usually painless and with a feeling of relief, but often with an unpleasant sensation in the abdomen, general malaise, pain in the head, and slight fever. During an epidemic of cholera these cases are of unusual frequency, too often ignored by unthinking persons, and by others magnified into more than


Basic properties and use of transition metal carbides and carbonitrides are presented in this article. Starting from crystal chemistry, bonding, and preparation, the article also briefly discusses analytical chemistry of chemical and physical carbon analysis as well as thermodynamics. Updated versions of phase diagrams of group 4, 5, and 6 transition metals with carbon as well as phase diagrams of FeC and MnC are presented together with those of the most important transition metal carbonitride systems TiCN and ZrCN. A large part is devoted to the solid-state properties because they make carbides and carbonitrides interesting materials for application. The presentation of these properties includes hardness, thermal properties, conductivities, carbon diffusivity, and elastic properties. Some ternary and quaternary carbonitrides are also discussed. Several of these properties are given as a function of temperature and composition. Examples for application of carbides in modern hardmetal types such as recent development in fine-grained hardmetals and functional gradient hardmetals are included. The topic is closely connected to the article Nitrides: Transition Metal Solid State Chemistry.

Keywords:

structure;
solid-state properties;
analysis;
phase diagrams;
hardmetal


The secretory bioactive components of the hexane extract of Anoplodesmus saussurii was analyzed using GCMS. From the study, presence of ten components in the secretion was confirmed. N-[3-(4-Butoxyphenyl) -10- Oxo-10H-9-oxa-2,4-diaza-phenanthren-1-yl] propionamide and 8,9-Octadecenamide are the major components and was found in 22.646% and 20.023% in peak area. These components showed a variety of functional as well as physiological properties like antioxidants, steroidal antimineralocorticoid agents, plasticizers, antibacterial agents, antimicrobial agents and ectoparasiticides.


Variations in properties of fibers produced under varying levels of composition, of spinning variables, and of drawing variables have been studied. The fibers were a mixture of polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, spun from dimethylformamide. Responses measured were primarily tensile properties but fragmentary results from x-ray diffraction measurements are also available. The five mechanical properties are described as empirical functions of fiber composition, spinning solution concentration, spinneret hole size, coagulating bath medium and temperature, depth of coagulating bath, drawing medium and temperature, rate of draw, and draw ratio. A statistical design of experiments assured independence of the estimates of the various coefficients in these functions. The five mechanical responses are denier, modulus, tenacity, ultimate elongation, and energy to break. The effect of interactions between certain pairs of the variables are shown to be important and, in many instances, more enlightening than the effects of the variables acting alone. While the latter (main effects) can frequently be predicted, the interaction effects are much less susceptible to prediction and provide, therefore, a deeper insight into the physical process than would be obtained without them.


N,N‐Bis(2‐fluorophenyl)carbamoyl chloride inactivates the serine protease α‐chymotrypsin by stoichiometric carbamoylation, presumably at the active site serine‐195 residue. At sample temperatures above 25°C fluorine NMR spectra of this enzyme derivative reveal the presence of conformations which are interchanged by processes that have ΔG  25≠ of about 70 kJ mol−1 as estimated by two independent methods. Fluorine NMR spectra of the protein dissolved in 8 M urea were characterized by shift and relaxation parameters which suggest an unfolded state for the protein but with interconversion kinetics similar to those of the native structure. At sample temperatures below 25°C a second kinetic process becomes apparent in the spectra of both the native and denatured protein, although it was not possible to quantitate the rate of this process. These spectral changes are discussed in terms of the likely conformational properties of the N,N‐bis(2‐fluorophenyl) group attached to the native enzyme and are shown to be consistent with one of the 2‐fluorophenyl rings having a high barrier to rotation, and thus rotating slowly, while the other rotates rapidly. Both rings rotate rapidly in the denatured protein. A form of the modified enzyme which had fluorine NMR characteristics similar to those of the denatured enzyme yet was fairly soluble in 0.05 M sodium chloride solution was detected in samples after extended heating; formation of this species was not readily reversible. Spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1) and 19F{1H} NOE data for the native and denatured modified enzymes are reported.


This paper aims to explore the study history of the Matthean community and to suggest new themes on the subject. This study deals with major debates about the Matthean community: scholarly character and mode, religious and ethnic horizon, and formation process of self-identity of the Matthean community as a voluntary association. On the basis of this critical review, this article proposes to develop the results of previous studies and to find fresh topics suited to 21 st century.


Abstract: Crustal movement and incremental-movement data observed repeatedly at GPS stations during 1999–2009 were analyzed to study the effect of two earthquakes of M s8.1 and M s8.0 that occurred in 2001 and 2008, respectively, in Qinghai-Tibet sub-plate and its eastern margin. The result revealed certain anomalous pre-earthquake deformation and some large co-seismic changes. Prior to the 2008 Wenchuan M s8.0 earthquake, the seismogenic Kunlunshan fault zone became a geographic boundary between different regional movements. At the time of the earthquake, there was an average cross-fault crustal shortening of − 1.04 m and an average right-lateral strike slip of 0.76 m along the ruptured segment, as well as a strain-energy release of − 62. 66 × 10.7.