We describe an algorithm to determine the sign of an number in the field Q(α), where α is a real root of a polynomial over the integers. The algorithm is elementary and short, and is derived from the Perron-Frobenius theorem. Let p(x) be the square-free polynomial x − an−1x − . . .− a1x− a0 with coefficients in Q. Let α be a real root of p. Consider the field Q(α), which is naturally embedded in R. In this note, we will explain how to decide the question, "Is a given element of β ∈ Q(α) positive or negative?", in the case when p(x) is irreducible. The algorithm we describe is relevant to any endevour which needs to repeatedly compare numbers in a fixed algebraic field. For instance in dynamics, computing an orbit under an interval exchange with intervals that have lengths in the algebraic field Q(α) requires repeated comparisons of algebraic numbers in Q(α). More generally, it is relevant to any experimental problem which makes use of computational geometry over an algebraic field. Here, signed areas of simplices are expected by algorithms to obey the axioms, and signs of determinants need to be computed rigorously. Our method requires as input information about the location of the root α. This information is easily given by existing root isolation techniques, which we cite as needed. Once some initial calculations involving α are done, we are able to decide the sign of β ∈ Q(α) using a simple dynamical test, which is derived from the Perron-Frobenius theorem. 1. The principal idea Let q(x) = p(x) x−α , which is a polynomial of degree n− 1 over R. Let q̂(x) be polynomial of degree n − 1 over Q which approximates q(x). For a suitable approximation q̂(x), we can assume (1) |q̂(α)| > |q̂(η)| for all roots η of p(x) with η 6= α. This is because p(x) is square-free implies q(α) 6= 0, but q(η) = 0. Consider the polynomial ring Q[x]/p(x). We also consider q̂(x) ∈ Q[x]/p(x). We identify this ring with Q using the standard basis B = {1, x, . . . , xn−1}. There is an surjection φ : Q[x]/p(x) → Q(α) ⊂ R given by evaluation at α, or equivalently φ : Q → Q(α) : b 7→ w · b where w = [ 1 α α . . . αn−1 ]T ∈ R. Lemma 1. The vector vα = [ a0 a0+a1α α a0+a1α+a2α α2 . . . a0+a1α+...+an−2α n−2 αn−2 α ]T ∈ R is the unique eigenvector up to scaling for the action of multiplication by x on Q[x]/p(x) = R with eigenvalue α. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 11Y40, 12Y05; 37M99, 52C99. 1


Host Identity Protocol (HIP) emerges as the most suitable identification protocol for the Internet of Things. HIP not only provides identifier/locator split but also a key agreement procedure named HIP Base Exchange, which allows secure connections between HIP peers. However, the heterogeneous and decentralized nature of IoT architecture, coupling resource-constrained networks with powerful Internet, impedes the use of HIP on small devices due to its computationally expensive cryptographic operations. In this paper, we propose a distributed lightweight key exchange protocol designed to reduce the requirements of HIP Base Exchange, in order to be supported by resource-constrained nodes.


We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions and eigenelements to a 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional boundary value problem for the Laplace equation in a domain perforated along part of the boundary. On the boundary of holes we set the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition and the Steklov spectral condition on the mentioned part of the outer boundary of the domain. Assuming that the boundary microstructure is periodic, we construct the limit problem and prove the homogenization theorem.


The recent discovery of the Dontus of the Fortune and its archaeological study has been an important advance to know the roman house and the urbanization of the city. The structure of this dornus brings us a valuable information about the domestic architecture of the city's buildings. The articulation of the irzsula where is the house and its comparasion with the others sectors in the city have permitted to define some characteristics about the space, public and private in Curthago Nova.


OBJECTIVE To analyse the levels of serum IGF-1、IGFBP-3 in children with obstructive sleep apnea hy ponea sy nd rome(OSA HS). M ETHODS 50 children with OSAHS and 10 healthy children were enrolled in this study. According to the respiratory disturbance index(AHI). Serum IGF-1、IGFBP-3 of children were determined and the results were analyze. RESULTS Serum level of IGF-1 had significant statistical differences between severe OSAHS group and controls(t =4.275, P0.05). Serum level of IGFBP-3 had no significant statistical differences between OSAHS children and controls(P0.05). Serum IGF-1 of severe OSAHS children was negatively correlated with AHI(r =-0.505, P0.05). Serum level of IGF-1 in moderate and severe OSAHS children were positively correlated with lowest average blood oxygen saturation(r =0.61, 0.553, P0.05). Serum level of IGF-1 in OSAHS children had no significant correlation with SWS sleep(P0.05). Serum level of IGFBP-3 in OSAHS children had no significant c or r elat ion w it h A H I, lowe s t ave r a ge blo o d ox yge n sat u r at ion a nd SWS slee p(P0.05). CONCLUSIONSerum levels of IGF-1 in children are more easily affected by OSAHS than serum level of IGFBP-3. Growth retardation of children with OSAHS may be related to the decrease of IGF-1 concentration.


Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the film thickness of continuous and discontinuous polymer films in the 1-20 nm thickness range on smooth silicon wafers and on structured aluminium substrates. The methods of exploiting AFM for thickness measurements with a high spatial resolution are described. For continuous films, the AFM method is a direct one, i.e. it does not rely on any model. There is excellent agreement between AFM and ellipsometry in the 1-10 nm thickness range. Very small systematic deviations occur in this range but big deviations occur above 10 nm, and are discussed. The film preparation method, spin coating, was characterized to result in prepolymer films with a very homogeneous thickness. Discontinuous films of 2-9 nm thick were also evaluated by both methods of thickness determination. In this case, for one of the AFM approaches a model has to be used too. The agreement between both methods ranged from very good to poor, depending on the kind of sample and on the kind of AFM determination method.


The paper analyses the main content of the student-centered teaching viewpoint put forward by the American psychologist Carl Rogers in terms of teaching goal, teaching process, learning assessment and the relationship between teachers and students. It discusses several revelations of the student-centered teaching design and emphasizes that teaching serves the students and the design of the whole teaching process should revolve around students' learning and comprehensive development.


Processes are a key factor for smooth running operations and results achievement for enterprises and organizations. For this reason, it is important to study and analyze them in order to identify problems associated with them and explore ways to improve them. Process mining is a relatively new research discipline that amalgamates process modeling and analysis techniques with machine learning and data mining. It uses the event log files, extracted from today's information systems, to discover, control and improve processes and contributes to the deeper understanding of the process, the improvement of each and every operational element and the optimization of the whole business operation. Process mining techniques are constantly gaining ground guiding businesses and organizations to better outcomes, extraordinary experiences and great performance.
The purpose of this paper is to study the applicability of the process mining techniques in the "Verification of expenditure of the NSRF projects" process using Prom and Disco tools. The paper starts with a brief overview of the mining techniques, the methodology proposed for process mining projects, the applications and the available tools. Then, the application of these techniques is analytically presented. Finally, we summarize the user experience gained by the two tools, the comparison of their results and the conclusions of the study. The paper ends with prospects of mining techniques in the organization.


The three-dimensional human body feature parameters extracted by the neural network method are coupled in the high-dimensional feature space. The fully connected network processes the three-dimensional human pose and shape feature information synchronously, which cannot handle multifactor features well, which makes the model perform poorly. To solve this problem, on the basis of the benchmark network, a decoupling model is added, which processes the three-dimensional human pose and shape information separately, and finally integrates the features through the bi-linear transformation method. Through experimental verification, the algorithm effectively reduces the reconstruction error, and the improved algorithm performs better.


INTRODUCTION: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are the results of a derailed normal wound-healing process. Regular wound healing consists of three phasesinflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. A dysfunction in one of these phases can lead either to a keloid or a hypertrophic scar. None of the available therapeutic options for the treatment have been found to be completely effective and satisfactory. Radiofrequency tissue volume reduction (RFTVR) is a surgical technique that induces extensive fibrosis in the treated tissues. Because of its mechanism of action, it was considered as a suitable modality for the treatment.


Heart attack else wise termed as myocardial infarction (MI) causes irreparable death of cardiac muscles yielding the focal reason for most casualties among all cardiovascular diseases (CVDs'). A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) generally depicts cardiac abnormalities and so customary deep learning (DL) approaches use the whole signal for binary detection purposes, that is separating healthy control (HC), and MI classes. This paper proposes an alternative approach where 21 temporal features in lieu of the temporal signal are collected from the 12 lead data to reduce redundancy and class imbalance keeping the vital information intact. Then these extracted features are fed into a detection model consisting of a one dimensional (1-D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (bi-LSTM) layer which classifies into three classes, namely: HC, MI, and non-myocardial infarction (non-MI) subjects for a realistic and reliable assessment. The model's performance is evaluated using 517 records acquired from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) database and a state-of-art overall accuracy of 99.246%, kappa of 0.983, and macro averaged F1 score of 98.86% were achieved using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. DL methods suffer to make unbiased decisions in the case of class imbalance due to an insufficient amount of data for a particular class and thus temporal features are employed to inherently reduce this problem. The successful performance of the extracted features depends on the precise detection of fiducial points, and so multiple novel algorithms have been introduced in this paper.


Following the sources of available research to perform a very objective scientific work, consistent and impartial, it is essential to travel a path that begins in doctrinal concepts, to develop the current design of the legal personality lack. The legal basis, comprised of set lawyers, provides the necessary elements for the understanding of the propositions that guide the legal personality, especially controversial issues, involved in its disregard. The case, focusing on the State of Sao Paulo Court, provides considerable contribution to the objectivity, elucidation assumptions and proposals on the presented subject, coming to contribute, thereby to the innovation of the current Civil Code.


The aim of this study was to test the ability of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to predictdry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, moisture, cooking loss, and drip loss of chevon. In total, 114 samples were collected from 38 young (two teeth aged) castrated goat carcasses from a local market in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. For conducting the studyExperimental longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were sampled from 9th to 13th ribs in the early morning hours. A total of 342 NIRs spectra were collected using the DLP NIRscan Nano Software and average spectrum was 114. Partial least square regression analysis for the calibration and validation models were developed using the Unscrambler X software. Prediction models were satisfactory for dry matter (R2 = 0.75), crude protein (R2 = 0.82), moisture (R2 = 0.75), and drip loss (R2 = 0.83). The most promising model found for ash (R2 = 0.85), and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) also very low (0.15). Lowest R2 was found for cooking loss at 0.57. Based on these results, the NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis method were reasonably efficient for the rapid assessment of physicochemical traits of ash, drip loss, crude protein, moisture, and dry matter content of chevon.


Partial table of contents: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SAMPLING The Active Mixing Volume: A New Concept in Modeling Environmental Systems (P. Young & M. Lees) Comparing Sampling Designs for Monitoring Ecological Status and Trends: Impact of Temporal Patterns (N. Urquhart, et al.) MEASURING LEVELS AND CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION Point Process Modeling in Environmental Epidemiology (P. Diggle) A Stochastic Model for Times of Exposures to Air Pollution from a Point Source (A. Davison & N. Ramesh) CLIMATOLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL ISSUES Long-Range Dependence and Global Warming (R. Smith) Environmental Factors Affecting Reservoir Safety (C. Anderson & S. Nadarajah) WATER RESOURCES Water Resources and Statistics: Past, Present and Future (V. Yevjevich) Extreme Sea Levels (J. Tawn) DYNAMICS OF FISH POPULATIONS Modeling and Managing a Salmon Population (T. Speed) FORESTRY: SUPPLY AND CONSERVATION Quantitative Assessment of Growth in the Tropical Rainforests (S. Nokoe) References Index.


This paper presents evidence on audit market concentration and auditor fee levels in the UK market in the crucial period of structural change following the PricewaterhouseCoopers' (PwC) merger and encompassing Andersen's demise (1998-2003). Given the current interest in auditor choice, analysis is also undertaken at the individual audit firm level and by industry sector. There is evidence of significant upward pressure on audit fees since 2001 but only for smaller auditees. Audit fee income for top tier auditors (Big 5/4) did not change significantly while the number of auditees fell significantly, consistent with a move towards larger, less risky, clients. Andersen's demise markedly reduced the level of inequality among the top tier firms but PwC retained its position as a 'dominant firm'. On switching to the new auditor, former Andersen clients experienced audit fee rises broadly in line with inflation, with no evidence of fee premia or discounting. They also reported significantly lower NAS fees, consistent with audit firms and auditees responding to public concerns about perceptions of auditor independence. There is no general evidence of knowledge spillover effects or cross-subsidisation of the audit fee by NAS. The combined findings provide no evidence to indicate that recent structural changes have resulted in anticompetitive pricing; the key concern remains the lack of audit firm choice.


For automakers and their suppliers to be able to implement the upcoming vehicle innovations according to global megatrends, and make vehicles even safer and more economical in terms of consumption, more and more semiconductor components are needed for each vehicle. While today's semiconductors are worth, on average, $250 per vehicle, the total semiconductor share in upcoming vehicle generations should reach up to $2000 per vehicle. For automated driving functions, depending on the level (1 to 5), semiconductors worth up to around $1000 will become necessary. As a manufacturer of innovative and powerful semiconductor solutions that create new possibilities for specific developments in various areas, Analog Devices (ADI) is profiting from this continuously rising semiconductor share in vehicles. As a result, the company's revenues in the automotive field reached nearly 1 billion dollars, or 16% of total revenues, in 2018. ADI recorded the greatest share of automotive revenues in the EMEA region.


PreviewHeart murmurs are common in school-age children, and most are innocent. However, congenital heart disease may be asymptomatic, and the preschool screening examination can be an important means of detecting previously undiagnosed defects. The authors discuss methods that primary care physicians can use to distinguish innocent heart murmurs from various congenital heart defects.


In this article the postcolonial context is a site of production of knowledge from where a reflection over the different lines of development within cultural Marxism in the way these are presented and developed in cultural studies. From there, begins a reflection on contemporary aesthetics understanding that aesthetic practices are linked to the work of imagination of ordinary people intensely connected to the work of capitalism and its organization and re-organization on a global scale. Indeed, the function of aesthetics is not simply dedicated to the sale of messages and images, but to the self-building of products and affiliate groups in the new millennium. The new technologies of representation are the centers of public education that serve as a forum for the work of imagination of the great masses of the people in order to organize their pasts, presents, and draw their futures. On the other side, we see the aesthetic works of postcolonial imagination, its criticism of capitalism and the parables of modernization. It is this postcolonial aesthetic work which represents the voices of an alternative existential cosmopolitanism that could put our current historical moment into perspective and thereby achieve our quest for transcendence and transformation.


A XB planetary cycloid teeth difference driver consists of a planetary eccentric shaft component (1) wheel gear (2), a rigid gear (3), a bearing (4), a front end cover (5), a bolt (6), a top cover (7), an output flange (8) and a sun gear (9). The utility model is characterized in that the eccentricities of three uniformly distributed planetary eccentric shaft components (1) synchronously compound an eccentric small inertia mechanism round a gyration center, and the teeth meshing pairs of three components are of involute shape. The utility model has the advantages of small volume, weight, backlash and inertia and high precision, speed ratio, load and efficiency. The rapidity (small rotating inertia), stability (small backlash and high torsional rigidity) and accuracy (high motion precision) of the system are all increased by one order of magnitude.


Summary Regarding geographical distribution and clinical relevance, the most common canine geohelminths are Toxocara canis, ancylostomatids, and Trichuris vulpis. Canine intestinal parasites from the soil and sand present an important potential serious human health hazard, especially for the children preschool and school – age. This paper aimed to establish the degree of contamination of soil and sand with zoonotic parasites from the canine feces and the degree of risk they could pose for human health in public places and playgrounds in the city of Niš. Our parasitological study involved 200 soil samples and 50 sand samples from the public parks in the city of Niš in southeastern Serbia (43°19′15″N, 21°53′45″ E). From several locations, about 100 g of soil and sand was collected based on the bioclimatic indices. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using conventional qualitative and quantitative coprological methods, abiding by the recommendations about the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In 38 – 46 % of soil samples and 40 % of sand samples seven species of endoparasites were diagnosed. In the samples of soil, a medium and high degree of contamination with the ascarid T. canis (14 – 22 %) was detected, as well as a low and medium degree of contamination with ancylostomatids (4 – 12 %), and in the samples of sand, a variable degree of contamination with the helminths T. canis (26 %) and A. alata (16 %) was found. A statistically significant difference was found in the contamination with A. alata eggs between the samples of sand and samples of soil. The studied public surfaces represent the reservoir of zoonotic parasites, which is a public health problem requiring a synergistic action of several factors to be successfully resolved, i.e. the implementation of prevention, surveillance, and control measures.


the function of arterial endothelial cells is now recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Almost two decades ago, Celermajer and colleagues ([2][1]) introduced a noninvasive assessment technique to evaluate endothelial function in humans. In this test, the magnitude


Most, if not all, epidemiologists would credit the field for playing a major role in elucidating the adverse health effects of tobacco smoke. The many studies of the relation of tobacco to health have provided the basis for public health action. Furthermore, many have been classic examples of epidemiologic methodology, namely, the cohort study by Richard Doll and A. Bradford Hill (1) of lung cancer in British physicians. However, epidemiologists have generally played a peripheral role in societal efforts to control and prevent the harmful effects of tobacco use. In the United States, this role has been dominated by the American Cancer Society and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In his new book, A Question of Intent: A Great American Battle with a Deadly Industry (2), David Kessler, former commissioner of the FDA, tells the inside story of the agency's battles with the tobacco industry, first over labeling and subsequently over addiction and carcinogenicity. Kessler deserves great credit for persevering in this important public health crusade in the face of a powerful and unscrupulous segment of American enterprise. The book has been comprehensively and enthusiastically reviewed by T. P. Houston (3).


In Juan Carlos Onetti's short story «El infierno tan temido» the female monster can be observed in detail. According to Mary Helene Huet, like a woman, the m...


Three groups of 5 cases of pernicious anemia with signs of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord were treated with vitamin B12, folic acid and liver extract. Nine patients had not been submitted to other therapies; six patients had some treatment 7 to 48 months before (table 2) but were in hematoneurological relapse. The three drugs were administered twice a week, each treatment lasting for a month, so that 10 injections of each drug were made. In group 1 vitamin B12 was given in the total dosis of 100 y; in group 2 folic acid was administered in the total dosis of 500 mgm; group 3 received liver extract at the total dosis of 10 ml (150-200 USP anti-anemic unities). No associated treatment was instituted; the diet contained 70 to 80 gm of proteins by day. Red cell counts were made by usual methods; hemoglobin contents of the blood were determined by means of an alcaline solution of oxyhemoglobin, with spectrophotometric reading; the hematologic evolution (tables 3 and 4 and graphics 1, 2 and 3) was followed up by examinations made twice a week (in each case an average of 10 examinations was made). Neurologic evolution was studied by examination of the vibration sense every ten days and by complete neurologic examination before and after the treatment (tables 5 and 6). The results were submitted to statistical analysis. The homogeneity (Snedecor) of the initial values was proved. It was calculated the linear regression relating time and the average values of red cell count, hemoglobin content and pallesthesia of each group. The regression coefficients of the evolution of the red cell count and hemoglobin content proved to be statistically significant and were compared; the differences were also significant, showing the superiority of liver extract and folic acid over vitamin B12. The correlation between red cell count and hemoglobin content was positive. The regression coefficients of the evolution of pallesthesia were not significant, as well as the differences between the neurologic scores (table 6) before and after treat- ment in the three groups. However, neurologic results showed the superiority of vitamin B12 over folic acid and liver extract according to the values of the regression coefficients (table 5). No correlation between the evolutions of pallesthesia and of the red cell count was found. Disagreement between hematologic and neurologic results of the drugs was evidenced. Folic acid was less effective than vitamin B12 but it was slightly better than liver extract in relation to the neurologic evolution. Neurologic subjective symptoms improved in higher degree than objective signs. Vitamin B12 and folic acid evidenced better results in relation to the pyramidal syndrome; liver extract and vitamin B12 were more effective in the improvement of the peripheral syndrome; similar effects on dorsal funicular syndrome were evidenced by the three drugs (table 7). Among the neuropsychiatrie manifestations the most impressive results were observed on the psychical syndrome, muscular weakness, hypotonus and position sense disorders; signs of pyramidal release, depression of deep reflexes and particularly superficial sense disorders were the most resistant signs (table 8), irrespective of the kind of treatment.


Recently, a lot of newsstands and mini station-store are operated as a store at the platform of subway. But the papers and magazines which are main articles for sale could be as the source of fire ignitable because those kind of easy flammable. Therefore the newsstands could be the target for fire. In this paper, numerical fire simulations for the News-stand were conducted to develop the news-stand fire simulation methodology for fire safety


Laser emission on the conventional 12.8‐μm NH3 laser transition, optically pumped by the CO2 9R16 line, can be completely quenched and replaced by emission at 12.2μm. Cascading far‐infrared laser transitions in the excited ammonia ν2 state are shown to be responsible for the shift in wavelength.


Based on the analysis of virus behavior and normal traffic behavior,a security monitoring scheme of weighting behavior characteristic is proposed to achieve the purpose of traffic security monitoring by executing weighting calculation for the program's behavior and comparing with the set threshold to break suspicious behaviors.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is both feasible and effective.


Summary

1. Body size is commonly tied to major life history traits in many animals. The main problem with studies on this topic is that the range of body sizes within species is generally too small to produce enough variation in traits for quantitative analysis. The snow petrel shows considerable differences in body size with structural body size varying by ≈ 1·6-fold. This high variability in size provides a good opportunity for examining how life history traits are related to body size intraspecifically.

2. We studied the breeding phenology, foraging parameters and chick growth in relation to body size in two populations of snow petrel in Antarctica. We also investigated the relationship between body size and distance separating colony from the edge of the pack ice using morphometric data from 16 breeding stations.

3. The largest snow petrels laid eggs ≈ 2-fold larger and hatched hatchlings ≈ 1·9-fold heavier than smallest ones. During the chick rearing period the smallest adults made longer foraging trips (≈ 70 h) and fed their chick less frequently than the largest ones (≈ 40 h). Meal size was positively related to adult body size.

4. Chicks raised by large parents grew more rapidly, reached higher peak mass and asymptotic size than chicks raised by small parents. Chick body size at fledging was correlated to the size of their biological parents. A sample of 20 chicks from parents that differed in body size were swapped. Body size of swapped chicks at fledging was not correlated to their foster parent size. Swapped chicks tended to resemble their biological parents in size but no significant relationship was found.

5. These results provide evidence of intraspecific variability in several ecological variables and life history traits linked to body size. The difference in foraging trip duration between large and small birds was not only because of a lower flight speed or a higher metabolic rate per mass unit of smaller birds and suggests that small birds had lower feeding efficiency or fed on more distant areas. This was reinforced at the population level by a negative correlation obtained between body size and distance between colony and the edge of the pack ice for 16 breeding stations.

6. The results suggest that body size is probably in the main genetically determined but that there is a significant environmental component in fledgling body size.


An apparatus and method for detecting whether a mobile device is in flight based on sensor measurements from a 3-dimensional accelerometer are presented. For example, embodiments estimate a direction of gravity and non-gravity acceleration, separate this non-gravity acceleration into a vertical and horizontal components, then test the estimated accelerations to determine whether the mobile device is experiencing sufficient vertical acceleration to warrant an in-flight determination.


In this paper, we test the convergence speed of the fast elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) quarterly disaggregation problem. In fact, we perform many simulations by considering various inputs of the NSGA-II parameters with respect to the population size (pop_size), the iteration number (no_rum), the maximum number of generations (gen_max) and the mutation distribution index in the polynomial mutation (etam). It turns out that for suitably large values of the parameters pop_size, no_rum and gen_max, the NSGA-II algorithm converges to a single Pareto-optimal solution located in a fixed cuboid. Due to the elitism in the NSGA-II and our simulation results, we suspect that the mutation distribution index alone doesn't influence the time of algorithm convergence and the number of Pareto-optimal solutions. Therefore, we reach the most likely conclusion that only an appropriate choice of the parameter triplet (pop_size, no_rum, gen_max) can ensure the convergence of the algorithm toward a fixed Pareto-optimal solution for the Quadratic Multi-objective Programming of GDP quarterly disaggregation. It is worth noted that our work is an extension of previous works in the same field.


Regardless of eras in the human history, the royal palace was constructed with every abilities and efforts of a nation, creating spiritual and material value, being utilized as an instrument for ruling principle of the sovereign. Thus, the royal palace does not only fully reflects the nature of architecture but also had left behind descendants with various and detailed information on that era. In that sense, researches on royal palace has been inevitably treated as a matter of consequence, resulting numerous outcomes. However, since scopes of researches on Korean royal palace was fairly restrictive, it is now facing fundamental problems as it was mentioned in "Research on Korea Architecture" (Lee, Kang Kuen). This thesis will be mainly focused on Kyongbok Palace(Joseon Dynasty) covering the issues and tasks of architecture researches including 202 pieces of publications, reports, and academic thesis published after 1945.


M.J. (female) clerk, born 26.5 1931. (Journal No. 1446/1952.) The patient had been weak since childhood and had a high degree of thoracal scoliosis and cyanosis. During examination of the circulatory disturbances, an arterio-venous aneurysm was discovered basally in the right lung. For closer investigation, angiography was performed 22.2.1952. A balloon catheter of type 3 was inserted under local anesthesia via the right femoral vein and the right heart to occlude the right pulmonary artery. With the patient supine, 30 ml of 35 per cent iodopyracet (= 0.6 ml per kg bodyweight) was injected distally of the occlusion. On conclusion of the injection, an nntero-posterior roentgenogram was taken. The patient was then placed on her right side and a lateral roentgenogram was taken. Then the contents of the balloon were exsufflated and the catheter was removed. Towards the end of the contrast injection the patient felt an inclination to cough, but she was able to suppress this. She was not otherwise particularly troubled by the examination. The angiogram showed contrast filling of a large arterio-venous aneurysm, situated basally and laterally in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe. It was nourished by four large arterial branches and drained by a large vein. Basally in the right lung there were also several small aneurysms, of the size of grains of rice. The large aneurysm and the surrounding lung tissue with the small aneurysms were removed by operation 7.3.1952 (Professor Crafoord). The big as well as the small multiple aneurysm could later be verified in histological examination of the extirpated part of the lung (Dr Bergstrand).


Measurements of the temperature and bias dependence of single-electron transistors (SETs) in a dilution refrigerator show that charge noise increases linearly with refrigerator temperature above a voltage-dependent threshold temperature, and that its low-temperature saturation is due to SET self-heating. We show further that the two-level fluctuators responsible for charge noise are in strong thermal contact with the electrons in the SET, which can be at a much higher temperature than the substrate. We suggest that the noise is caused by electrons tunneling between the SET metal and nearby potential wells.


Responding to the unprecedented threat of Covid-19 to the life of all humanity, it were directly affect human mentally and physicaly. This outbreak consequences lead to human well-being being affected. To break this infection chain, the government has been announced to implement the Movement Control Order (MCO). This study try to identify the consumer social well-being during MCO and the impact of social well-being based on household income. A total of 340 consumers around Malaysia were randomly selected to participate in this survey. This survey used Flanagan Quality of Life Scale (1970) indicator to measure the consumer's social well-being. The findings showed that the implementation of MCO made the aspect of consumers' social well-being still in good condition because most respondents rated five (5) out of fifteen (15) items as mostly satisfied (scale 5) to their quality of time during the implementation of MCO. Meanwhile, household income did not affect the level of their social well-being because most of the respondents concerned more on human relationship rather than financial. Overall it can be said that human touch and the element of interaction between human have a significant impact to human social well-being.


Catalytic hydroprocessing has been applied to the fast pyrolysis liquid product (bio-oil) from softwood biomass in a bench-scale continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor system. The intent of the research was to develop process technology to convert the bio-oil into a petroleum refinery feedstock to supplement fossil energy resources and to displace imported feedstock. This paper is focused on the process experimentation and product analysis. A range of operating parameters, including temperature from 170 or 250 to 400 °C in the two-stage reactor and flow rate of 0.19 liquid hourly space velocity, was tested with bio-oil derived from pine wood. Times on stream of up to 90 h were evaluated, and losses of catalyst activity were assessed. Product yields of 0.35–0.45 g of oil product/g of dry bio-oil feed with hydrogen consumptions from 342 to 669 L/L of bio-oil feed were measured. Analyses determined that product oils with densities of 0.82–0.92 g/mL had oxygen contents of 0.2–2.7 wt % and total acid number (TAN) o...


forming low-frequency amplifier circuit, in particular for a portable audio player, having formed as an integrated circuit output stage (10), a power amplifier (3), the output of the output terminal (13) of the output stage (10) and via a feedback resistor (Rf) with its negative feedback input (-) is connected, and between the output terminal (13) and a speaker (2) located first capacitor (Co), characterized in that that the loudspeaker (2) is a headset, that between the negative feedback input (-) of the power amplifier (3) and a further terminal (14) of the output stage (10), a resistor (Ra) and between the connection of the output terminal (13) with the speaker (2) and the other terminal ( 14) a second capacitor (Ca) is located, that the first capacitor (Co) has a capacity of at most 100 microfarads, and that the resistor (Ra) and the second capacitor (Ca) are dimensioned so that the time constant determined by its low frequency is in the range of 40 to 200 Hz and the ...


Display color design is a very important part of visual merchandising. The article briefly introduces the concept and design category of display color design, and show its important in clothing marketing and management, then elaborate the design principle of clothing display color mainly from two aspects of clothing brand positioning and consumer psychology. Clothing brand should focus on research the color psychology and preference of target consumers after clear their own target consumers positioning, in order to better for color design of clothing and display.


The fuscachelin siderophores have been prepared synthetically as have their metal chelation complexes. The heterodimeric nature of the fuscachelin decamer lends itself to a convergent synthetic strategy. Synthetic access to the natural products and intermediates will provide readily adaptable tools in future studies examining iron-sequestration and the biosynthetic machinery.


This paper gives an approach towards the application of different semiconductor electronics converters in area of autonomous DFIM based wind energy generation system. For the operation of autonomous DFIM based wind energy system different control techniques are used which depends on the actual position and speed of rotor. Various control methods are given as stator flux oriented control methods; direct voltage control methods and MRAS observer based methods. These methods are usually applicable in autonomous DFIM based variable speed wind energy generation system.


When ultrasound propagates upwards across water and is reflected at the surface, a constant force, referred to as the "acoustic radiation force," is exerted on the air-water interface. For high enough acoustic intensities, the interface deforms and a liquid jet is formed that breaks up into droplets. Such "acoustic fountains" are known for almost a century [1] and have been extensively studied in simple, viscous liquids like water with emphasis on atomization and cavitation [2-4]. However, it has not been studied in non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids, although these have important practical applications in inkjet or 3D printing.


In this paper we analyse price transmission for the carrot, parsley, tomato, green pepper and potato markets. Although there is a dual farm structure dominated by small individual farms, our results imply that price information flows from the producer to the retail level for potatoes, parsley and carrots. Our results also suggest that farmers do not merely accept prices, but can actually influence market prices. Tomato and green pepper prices have large transmission elasticities, and causality runs from the retail to producer level. It therefore follows that tomato and green pepper producers tend to accept prices and that the sector's prices are determined by upper market levels (processors, wholesalers, retailers). These results are reinforced by the fact that vegetable producers sell a large share of their production through procurement and processing, and therefore are more dependent on the upstream industries, and thus cannot influence prices. For all vegetables in this study the short-run price transmission is symmetric while on the tomato market the long-run price transmission is asymmetric. Results indicate that the tomato market is not competitive and efficient; therefore processors, wholesalers, and retailers are capable of exercising market power, and can instantly transmit producer price increases while just slowly and partially transmitting producer price decreases.


A series of biodegradable polycarbonate polymers was designed and synthesized via organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of functional cyclic carbonate monomer (MTC–OCH2BnCl). By adopting a facile postpolymerization functionalization strategy, the polycarbonates were quaternized to yield cationic polymers with quaternary ammonium groups of various pendant structures (e.g., alkyl, aromatic, imidazolinium). The biological properties of these polymers were investigated by microbial growth inhibition assays against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungus as well as hemolysis assays using rat red blood cells. A judicious choice in the structure of the cationic appendages elucidated that the amphiphilic balance of the polymers is a pertinent determinant to render substantial antimicrobial potency and low hemolysis, consequently affording the polymer pButyl_20 (degree of polymerization, 20; quaternary ammonium group, N,N-dimethylbutylammonium) as a highly efficacious and nonhemo...


There are a growing number of visual tracking applications for mobile devices such as smart phones and smart cameras. However, existing computer vision algorithms are demanding and mobile devices possess limited computational capabilities, energy, and bandwidth to support them. Conventional approaches to distributed target tracking with a camera node and a receiver node are either sender based or receiver based. Both approaches are highly suited for certain scenarios, but have limited applicability outside of their scope. In this paper, we propose two new approaches for a particle filter based tracking system. The first proposed approach reduces the energy and bandwidth typically required for the receiver based setup. The second proposed approach partitions tracking workload between sender and receiver and adapts to the frame-to-frame demands of particle filtering. In doing so, this scheme promotes better balance of computing capabilities, energy, and bandwidth among sender and receiver. Results show that the proposed solutions require low additional overhead, can improve on tracking system lifetime, and may be more effective than conventional architectures for many tracking instances.


In the rapidly growing field of electrified transportation technology, hybrid electric and electric vehicle (HEV/EV) manufacturers have been placing increasing demands on the designers to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of vehicle components to sustain a niche in the EV market. To understand the significance and challenges in an efficient and economical drivetrain design, this paper presents a part of an ongoing project that aims at developing a comprehensive study on dc/ac drive motor technology in EV applications. In this paper, a new three-level three-phase matrix converter topology, along with two conventional frequently used three-level three-phase dc/ac converter topologies, namely, diode-clamped and H-bridge converters, are implemented. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis and comparative studies are conducted to examine the performance and efficiency of these converter topologies according to EV design criteria. In addition, experimental investigations are carried out on the aforementioned converter configurations to help EV designers choose the most suitable converter topology.


The fracture behaviors of polymer cement concrete is studied by using fractal geometry.The strength of polymer latex modified concrete and fractal geometry is presented.The results indicate that the flexural strength,the fracture energy and the fracture toughness of concrete will increase with the increasing of microsection fracture dimension.The relationship between them is lined.


With decades of progress toward ubiquitous networks and systems, distributed computing systems have played an increasingly important role in the industry and society. However, not many distributed networks and systems are secure and reliable in the sense of defending against different attacks and tolerating failures automatically, thus guaranteeing properties such as performance, and offering security against intentional threats. This special issue focuses on securing distributed networks and systems.


This paper presents how a Smart Grid system is secured and how blockchain implementation provides confidentiality and integrity for such a system. One main issue that has to be addressed in smart grid systems is databases security. Blockchain has been proven to be a safe alternative to be used in mining systems because it allows a secure applicability in databases. Another important feature is that each hash in a crypto mining system cannot be changed if it has such an algorithm behind its build, thus resulting in a secure and reliable system. This paper aims to show how blockchain can affect and be used in a smart power management system going forth from the SealedGRID platform. This system enables the user to monitor in real time the power usage in a smart grid system, therefore, this platform being built with security and resilience against attacks in mind.


The article substantiates the necessity for universities to obtain the forecast of scientific and technological development in the directions, where universities operate. Method, created by Marketing Center of Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI" and used in forecast research, is based on Foresight methodology. The results of research are obtained for scientific and technological direction "Information and Communication Systems and Technologies". The article investigates the forecast of eight technological groups of this direction, selected on the base of expert survey and discussion in special conducted expert group. The main research tasks are: evaluation of significance and efficiency of technological groups, definition of their development scenarios and potential market, definition of investments structure in evolution of technological groups. Values of forecast characteristics were obtained by means of formal quantitative survey of specialists in the sphere of information and communication systems and technologies


Aiming at the issues that U - Boot can't boot from the large page of Nandflash and not support boot both from Nandflash and Norflash,this paper improved the U - Boot under the premise of codes generality unchanged.Firstly,analyze the stage 1 mechanism of U - Boot and implementation principle of the generality;secondly,according to the booting mechanism from Nandflash provided by S3C2440 and data manipulation principles of large page Nandflash,alter the implementation codes to add booting from large page Nandflash; finally,add the codes that S3C2440 processor automatically judged to start from what kind of memory to achieve the improvement compatible booting both from Nandflash and Norflash.The running results prove that the U - Boot improvement given by this paper is feasible,expands the U - Boot applicable scope and enhances the compatibility of the codes.


Money laundering is the process by which the proceeds of crime are channelled through the economy/financial system in a way which is intended to conceal the true origin and ownership of the proceeds of criminal activity. The Proceeds of Crime Law (Revised) (the PCL) and the supporting Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (Revised) (the Regulations) are the main pieces of legislation in the Cayman Islands aimed at combating money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF). Under these laws, those carrying out "relevant financial business" (referred to as financial service providers or FSPs) have to apply a risk based approach to anti-money laundering (AML)/TF compliance.


—As the social demand for talents gets diversified and multiple, the students of music in comprehensive university are facing severe challenges. In order to make clear the demand of social development, this paper make detailed analysis of the current domestic and foreign practical teaching courses and gives some material suggestions on the practical curriculum from the aspects of teaching curriculum system, academic thesis, comprehensive practice, and subject research in combination with the characteristics and advantages of the school in operation, so as to really make adjustments in the connotation of professional construction, strengthen the students' practice in learning and make them constantly learn in practice, develop a characteristic and feasible practice teaching curriculum. It is purposed to improve the practical and innovative ability of college students and cultivate the talents of music in accordance with the development of the times.


Three willow species (Salix alba, Salix matsudana and Salix nigra) were
 exposed to very high cadmium (Cd) concentrations in order to define some
 physiological traits related to high biomass production. Plants were grown
 hydroponically under semi-controlled conditions (greenhouse). It was assumed
 that leaves accumulate different amounts of Cd in relation to their age due
 to the specific occurrence of symptoms generated by Cd accumulation. The
 rate of photosynthesis and concentration of photosynthetic pigments in young
 and old leaves was correlated with biomass production in order to ascertain
 their significance as indicators of plant performance at sites contaminated
 with Cd. Changes in the photosynthetic parameters induced by treatments
 depended on the concentration of Cd in the nutrient solution, the species of
 willow and leaf age. Fv/Fm ratios were not considerably changed in treated
 plants, indicating preserved activity of PSII. According to results
 presented in this work, the Fv/Fm ratio was a less sensitive indicator of Cd
 stress in willows than the rate of photosynthesis and pigment concentration.
 High tolerance to applied treatments estimated on the basis of biomass
 production of S. nigra and S. matsudana irrespective of Cd concentration in
 the growth substrate might indicate their potential in the reclamation of
 Cd-contaminated sites. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.
 No. III 043007]


Now is a fantastic time for children to create artwork inspired by the seaside. Judith Harries suggests resources and ideas that will set children on an imaginative quest to model their favourite seaside objects.


Abstract Despite their advantages, most synthetic chiral nematic systems are not useful for thermochromic applications because of their low smectic transition temperatures. To overcome this problem, chiral "hybrid" mixtures of polar and nonpolar liquid crystals, which exhibit injected smectic phases, have been investigated. The thermochromic properties of hybrid mixtures for a range of chiral nematics are described.


You have been my pain, your eccentricity has distracted me. But I desire to send you the olive branch as a supplicant, Hail it Monsieur and we may still be as happy as Guilty creatures on the brink of eternity can be, You have been my pain, but I have lived only for you these ten years, the best of my life has passed in solitude I feel you part of myself and cannot renounce you, something from within assures me, that we must soon part, I alone am the sufferer, in the sight of God I am guilty and deserve Hell but in regard to you my conscience boldly calls out, not guilty!1


Abstract : This experimental program was designed to elucidate the behavior of electronically excited atoms and molecules in gases and examine methods by which these species might generally be detected using laser-based spectroscopic techniques. To that end, several atomic and molecular states were observed using Resonance Multiphoton Ionization, In addition the photodissociative production of electronically excited states was investigated and the subsequent deactivation of excited atoms in collisional encounters with molecules studied. Keywords include: Lasers, Photochemistry, Energy transfer, Iodine, Kinetics, Potassium, Electronic excitation, and Mercury bromide.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of phenobarbitone(PB),phenytoin (PHT)and carbamazepine(CBZ)in human plasma by reversed-phase HPLC at the same condition. Methods Agilent Zorbax 8 nm Extend-C_(18)(5μm,4.6 mm×150mm)was used as analytical column and a mixture of V(methanol):V[V(0.1 mol/L sodium acetate):V(0.05%β-cyclodextrin)=32:18]=68:32 as mobile phase.The UV wavelength was 230 nm and flow rate was 0.8 mL/min.Results PB,PHT and CBZ were separated well.Resolving powers were all more than 1.5.The lowest detective concentrations of PB,PHT and CBZ were as following:0.380 2,0.182 3 and 0.1444μg/mL.The linear ranges were in the range of 0.4~60,0.2~30,0.2~30μg/mL,and relative recovery rates were 97.04%,96.52% and 97.09% respectively.The relative standard deviations of within-day and between-day were all less than 5.8%. Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive,convenient and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of phenobarbitone,phenytoin and carbamazepine in human plasma at clinic as normal test.


Quadrotor systems are becoming increasingly popular in various applications due to their maneuverability and versatility. Controlling these systems accurately is crucial to ensure stability and safety. This research paper proposes the implementation of two advanced controllers with integer and fractional order quadrotor systems. The purpose of the study is to enhance the control performance, robustness, and accuracy of the quadrotor system, and to highlight the potential of the proposed approach in modern control engineering. The researchers used simulation studies in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of their approach. The results demonstrate that the implementation of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control (FOSMC) with the fractional order quadrotor system outperforms the traditional integer order quadrotor system in terms of control performance, robustness, and accuracy. Overall, the study highlights the potential of fractional order modeling and fractional order control techniques in improving the performance of quadrotor systems, which has significant implications for the advancement of modern control engineering.


The utility model provides a medical pressurization bandage for the groin. The bandage comprises a bandage body, and is characterized in that the bandage body is a Y-shaped band; a broad band at one end of the Y-shaped band is a main bandage; two narrow bands at the other end of the Y-shaped band are a waist band and a leg band; a pressurization bag is arranged on the main bandage; waistband snap fasteners are arranged at the end parts of the main bandage and the waist band; leg band snap fasteners are arranged at the joint part of the waist band and the leg band and at the end part of the leg band; an opening is formed in the pressurization bag; and a sand bag or salt bag is arranged in the pressurization bag. Local fixation and automatic continuous pressurization can be performed on postoperation incisions of various operations on the groin, femoral veins, femoral arteries and the like; the burden of a patient is reduced, curative effects are increased, and relapses and bleeding are prevented; and the medical pressurization bandage is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture and use.


In this study, nonconductor (PZT), semiconductor (Si) and conductor (Pt/Ti) whose permittivity andpermeability are distinctive are prepared into various multilayered structures for exploring the heating behavior of microwave (2.45Hz) in a single-mode cavity. The heating efficiency of the semiconductor and conductor was much higher at the maximum of H field than that of E field. At the H maximum, the Si layer was useful to generate high temperature and the Pt/Ti accelerated the heating rate. At the E maximum, the Si layer was also in favor of obtaining high temperature, but the Pt/Ti layer partially suppressed the microwave heating. The effect of PZT on the heating processing was not obviously observed at the maximum of both H and E fields.


Thanks to the skyscraping development of hardware and software technologies, the data solutions have become an urgent trend to deal with vast amount of data, especially in biomedical research, human genome and healthcare systems. The healthcare research has always demanded close association with biomedical data to produce personalized medicine and deliver suitable cure and treatments. Nevertheless, coping with huge amount of information from biomedical data requires bulky solutions. In the light of data science, the solution for this issue can change from a theoretical approach to a data-driven approach. Database stores a huge amount of information and particular sets of data can be accessed via queries which are written in specific interface language. In order to manage this amount of data, database optimization is implemented to maximize the speed and efficiency with data retrieval or reduce database system response time. Query optimization is one of the major functionalities in database management systems. The purpose of the query optimization is to determine the most efficient and effective way to execute a particular query by considering several query plans. In this article, genetic algorithm (GA) strategy is utilized for biomedical database systems to execute the query plan. Genetic algorithms are extensively using to solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. Based on three main types of rules of GA such as selection, crossover and mutation, the querying can be optimized for solving database problem.


In Chinese, most of the language processing starts from word segmentation and part-of-speech (POS) tagging. These two steps tokenize the word from a sequence of characters and predict the syntactic labels for each segmented word. In this paper, we present two distinct sequential tagging models for the above two tasks. The first word segmentation model was basically similar to previous work which made use of conditional random fields (CRF) and set of predefined dictionaries to recognize word boundaries. Second, we revise and modify support vector machine-based chunking model to label the POS tag in the tagging task. Our method in the WS task achieves moderately rank among all participants, while in the POS tagging task, it reaches very competitive results.


The topic of this article is the use of mobile application technology in geodetic measurements with an emphasis on levelling. Reference points were registered as data from levelling benchmarks, performed with a traditional dumpy level. The created application allowed the recording of measurements on location, sending them to a remote server for processing and preparing a report to be saved in a database. The project was to decrease the labor-intensive geodesy work and speed up the processing of measurement results and also to allow immediate access for all interested and authorized recipients of the results. ARTICLE INFO


The invention belongs to a stator wire-embedding power device in a winding embedding unit machine. The invention is characterized in that a servo motor, guide rods, screw mandrels are positioned on a symmetric position of a frame body; the servo motor is fixed on the lateral of a lower plate; the screw mandrel is installed on an upper plate and a lower plate of the frame body through a bearing, asynchronous pulley is positioned on a lower end of the screw mandrel and is connected with the servo motor through a synchronous belt; an upper slide block of the wire-embedding power is installed onthe guide rod on the right side of the frame body and is connected with a turnbuckle corresponding to the screw mandrel on the right side; a lower slide block of the wire-embedding power is installedon the guide rod on the left side of the frame body and is connected with the turnbuckle corresponding to the screw mandrel on the left side; a head tap ejector pin of wire-embedding, a groove wedge push rod and a fixed guide ejector pin are positioned on the symmetry center position of the upper and lower slide blocks of the wire-embedding power; the upper slide block is connected with the head tap ejector pin of wire-embedding and the groove wedge push rod; the lower slide block is connected with the fixed guide ejector pin. The invention has the advantages of preventing broken lines in theprocess of imbedding wires in high rate of full groove and phenomenon like destroying stators due to high resistance. The quality and pass-rate of the electromechanical products are increased.


Introduction: Appendicitis is the most common cause of surgical abdomen in all age groups with a lifetime risk of 6%. The role of laparoscopic appendicectomy remains controversial as many researchers have suggested that overall morbidity is primarily a function of the degree of the appendicitis rather than the operative approach. The present study was designed to compare the outcome of laparoscopic appendicectomy versus open appendicectomy in a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: This was a randomized controlled study on 100 cases of acute appendicitis operated in Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly in a period of one year. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 50 each operated by open and three port laparoscopic surgery. Results: Abdominal pain (100%) was the commonest presenting complaint. Retrocaecal anatomical position (76% in open, 70% in lap. appendicectomy) of the appendix was the commonest operative finding. Wound infection rate (8%) was insignificantly higher in open appendicectomy. There was significantly less operative time, postoperative pain better cosmesis and early return to normal daily activity in laparoscopic as compared to open appendicectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is better as compared to open appendicectomy in terms of post-operative complications, post-operative pain, hospital stay, early return to normal activity, and subjective cosmesis.


ABSTRACT Recently, the number of online databases and the amount of personal information they store have escalated; the potential uses and misuses of these databases have consequently multiplied, and in Europe, there are now calls for a public rediscussion of their legal status. In this context, this paper uses survey data from a Portuguese sample to investigate some psychosocial processes involved in decision-taking related to the disclosure of personal data to governmental institutions. The study tests (1) what societal-level variables (e.g. Post-Materialistic values and System Justification motives) help predict trust and concern felt towards public institutions; (2) whether these societal-level variables are better predictors of disclosure-related decisions than are socio-demographic aspects and knowledge of the legal framework and (3) the capacity of both societal-level variables and trust and concern for predicting the willingness to disclose personal data and to complain about the misuse of data by governmental institutions. Findings show that trust is a key incentive for the disclosure of personal data to governmental institutions and is linked to a more passive engagement with citizenship. Concern, in turn, being negatively linked to system justification and positively to willingness to complain, seems associated with a more active civic citizenship. Implications of this pattern are discussed.


Many contemporary party organizations are failing to fulfill their representational role in contemporary democracies. While political scientists tend to rely on a minimalist definition of political parties (groups of candidates that compete in elections), this volume argues that this misses how parties can differ not only in degree but also in kind. With a new typology of political parties, the authors provide a new analytical tool to address the role of political parties in democratic functioning and political representation. The empirical chapters apply the conceptual framework to analyze seventeen parties across Latin America. The authors are established scholars expert in comparative politics and in the cases included in the volume. The book sets an agenda for future research on parties and representation, and it will appeal to those concerned with the challenges of consolidating stable and programmatic party systems in developing democracies.


It draws researchers' attentions how to make use of the log data effectively without paying much for storing them. In this paper, we propose pattern-based deep learning method to extract the features from log datasets and to facilitate its further use at the reasonable expense of the storage performances. By taking the advantages of the neural network and thoughts to combine statistical features with experts' knowledge, there are satisfactory results in the experiments on some specified datasets and on the routine systems that our group maintains. Processed on testing data sets, the model is 5%, at least, more likely to outperform its competitors in accuracy perspective. More importantly, its schema unveils a new way to mingle experts' experiences with statistical log parser.


COVID-19 has created unprecedented circumstances throughout the world that resulted in a disruption to "Business as Usual". The world economy has been shaken enormously, scores of lives have been lost, and a "New Normal" has been adopted by everyone. In this atmosphere, leadership becomes a high commodity, and a well-sought after skill. Therefore, individuals everywhere turn to decision-makers at the top of the hierarchy for their leadership skills. This paper provides examples to illustrate the importance of leadership to turning disaster into efficient response.


The social demand for drinking water increases both in urban and rural areas. The state encourages the development of Industrial Water Supply Depot (DAM) refills. problems occurred is no standard method for treating drinking water is sterileand lack of government supervision. This raises the issue of sanitation that is the presence of pathogenic bacteria that form biofilms in drinking water refill system. One of the bacterial pathogen is Pseudomonas . Bacteria Pseudomonas at refill drinking water can cause infections in the digestive tract. This study aims to find specific bacteriophage isolates of biofilm samples to infect bacteria Pseudomonas sp. on refill drinking water system. Isolation host Pseudomonas done in 2 ways dilution and filtration and grown on selective media Pseudomonas Isolation Agar. Isolates obtained were then characterized by gram staining and Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) test. Isolation of bacteriophages of biofilm done by bacteriophage amplification and filtration to obtain filtrate bacteriophage I and II. Test performed by using the host's infection Pseudomonas sp. DA1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp. (LIPI's collection). The results showed that the drinking water refill depot contained positive isolates of Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas sp. DA1 and obtained isolate specific bakteriofag that can infect Pseudomonas sp. DA1. Bacteriophage titer calculation results on each sample at 3,0 x 10 5 PFU/ml in drinking water depot, 3,3 x 10 7 PFU/ml in the water product, and 9 x 10 7 PFU/ml water sources. Keyword : refill drinking water systems, biofilms, Pseudomonas sp DA1, bacteriophage


We demonstrate a generic and extensible cost-based optimization and execution system for XPath queries, named GeCOEX, using a comprehensive suite of query analyzing and administrative tools, named QuOAX. GeCOEX supports many different physical operator implementations and XML storage engines and is agnostic to the underlying physical data model. Its optimizer is the first generic cost-based optimizer for XPath queries that always picks the cheapest estimated plan, among a very large number of possible plans, for a wide range of XPath queries and different datasets in a very small fraction of the time required for efficient execution. The QuOAX suite provides administration tools that allow the user to add new -- or deactivate already deployed -- physical operator implementations, physical operator cost models and rewriting rules and also to make use of different XML storage and XML statistics estimators. QuOAX also provides query plan analysis and visualization tools that allow users to visualize the physical plan chosen by the optimizer or all possible generated physical plans for a given query and to execute any of those plans. QuOAX helps users to i) easily test new XPath processing techniques, comparing them directly with existing ones and identifying the situations to which they show promise, ii) improve the effectiveness of the optimizer and iii) find out the appropriate access methods or indices that are beneficial for a specific workload.


Accurate dating of diagenesis and metallogency is the base for deposit research and contrast. However, in recent years, the reports of great disparity ages of diagenesis and metallogency for the same gold deposit by different researchers and by using different dating methods are very common. For this reason, based on the suitable analysis for distinct dating methods, the authors emphasize that in the dating of gold deposit one should strengthen the study of geological setting of gold mineralization, pay attention to the time sequence relation of different geological bodies to metallogency, define the marked geological body, select suitable dating methods, measure the ages of marked geological body and ore body, and confine each other within certain limit for diagenesis and metallogency ages, in order to obtain high quality chronological data.


Royalties and Sanctuaries : Religious and Historical Symbols in the Context of Cultural Change in Sweden and England c. 1000–1600.


The absorption and fluorescence shifts of perylene at high pressures are compared for the two crystalline forms. The red shift − Δν at 20 kbar is greater for β‐perylene than for α‐perylene. Also, it is observed that − Δνf < − Δνa for α‐perylene and − Δνf ∼ − Δνa for β‐perylene. The smaller shift of the excimer fluorescence compared to the pressure shift in absorption of α‐perylene is indicative of large specific interactions in the excited state. The condition − Δνf < − Δνa has been previously observed in charge‐transfer complexes so that charge‐transfer forces could be responsible for the stabilization of the excimeric state although the present data cannot exclude other explanations for the specific interactions. Intensity changes in the crystal absorption band are not easily related to vibronic coupling mechanisms. Fluorescence intensities are reduced for both crystals under compression.


Last year in reporting the work of the Chemical Laboratory of the American Medical Association bearing on the quality of unofficial and little-used drugs I took the ground that drugs which were widely used and which were sold under competition were likely to be of good quality and that, on the other hand, little-used drugs were unreliable and likely to be of poor grade. While this contention, if correct, would indicate that standard drugs would be of good quality, no matter where purchased, it has been said repeatedly and insistently in pharmaceutical circles1that the drugs sold by "physicians' supply houses" are uniformly of poor quality. In general those who made these charges gave no specific proof of their assertions, and since pharmacists suffer financially through the dispensing of medicines by physicians these charges did not appear particularly convincing. That the charge that physicians dispense poor drugs was dictated largely


Background and context: Uganda has one of the highest cervical cancer incidences in the world. Over 80% late diagnosis compounds the challenge. It is evident that women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher prevalence of precancer lesions and have limited access to cervical cancer knowledge and relevant services especially women living with HIV, who are poor and marginalized. This results in a gap for first-line defense to cervical cancer. To bridge the gap and deliver services, Reproductive Health Uganda (RHU) introduced cost-effective "see and treat", single visit approach (SVA), using combined visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy. Aim: To promote single visit approach in cervical cancer screening program in selected HIV clinics and assess the feasibility. Strategy: • Collaborate with HIV clinics, which enroll and provide counseling and services to women living with HIV • Integrate SVA into the current services package in HIV clinics and outreaches to break geographic barriers • Train RHU and public health clinic staff to perform VIA and cryotherapy if needed • Enable SVA in public antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics through partnerships • Awareness creation through group health education and individual counseling Program: The project implemented in three high HIV prevalence rate districts targeted women 25-49 years of age. Partnered with public ART clinics and arranged training to ensure midwives and nurses in RHU and public health facilities are able to carry out VIA and cryotherapy if needed. Announcements and appointment posters were pinned up on the facility notice board providing details of dates and service package. RHU used this opportunity to promote contraception and STIs management. Health education and counseling session were conducted. Trained peer support mothers mobilized women seek cervical cancer screening when doing HIV follow-up. Quarterly support supervision, QOC assessments and DQAs were conducted to ensure quality and reliability of results and reports. Outcomes: Acceptability of cervical cancer screening was high. The project increased general awareness among rural community members, where cancer is generally stigmatized and associated with a lot of myths. Knowledge, skills and competencies of 54 midwives to screen for and treat with cryotherapy was built. 23,713 women were screened, with average VIA positivity rate 8%-11% across project districts. 98% of cryotherapy-eligible women treated during the same visit. Referral to Ugandan cancer institute was established to ensure timely cancer therapy. Integration and acceptability of family planning increased among women attending ART clinics. What was learned: With appropriate demand creation, acceptability of SVA was good among women attending the ART clinics, SVA is cost-effective and feasible. Integration of SRH package of services helps leverage resources. Strategic partnerships are critical in strengthening public–private partnership in services provision.


Empathy as a social skill is of great importance for educators as they deal with multifarious problems of students in this challenging world. The present study was an attempt to assess the empathy quotient of student teachers undergoing training at secondary teacher education institutions in Kerala State. An Empathy Quotient Questionnaire prepared and standardized by Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright (2003) was administered to a sample of 150 student teachers from various training colleges. It was revealed that the prospective teachers possess moderate level of empathy quotient and domicile of residence has no influence on the possession of empathy. However, female prospective teachers possess high level of empathy quotient than that of their male counter parts. The findings of the study indicate the need of incorporating empathy building exercises in the curriculum for secondary teacher education.


In this work, the preparation of cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol on cation exchange resin modified with Ti4+ was studied. FT IR spectra of pyridine absorbed on the surface showed that the catalyst had Br?nsted acid and Lewis acid sites. They were indicated that catalyst showed high catalytic activity and the improvement of thermostability in preparation of cyclohexene by dehydration of cyclohexanol. The effect of Ti4+ exchange amount on the catalytic activity was investigated. The optimum conditions were as follows: cyclohexanol 40g, catalyst 5g, reaction temperature 175℃ and reaction time 60 min. The yield of cyclohexene was 89%.


The authors analyze the CIS countries' potential readiness to establish a currency union. Based on Optimum Currency Area (OCA) criteria that determine the countries' readiness to form a currency union and some particular benefits and costs of a currency union several macroeconomic indicators are determined area. The authors analyze the period following the final transformation of CIS countries' economies from centrally planned to the market ones - from 1999 to 2011. The paper also tests the stability of the results obtained to check the adequacy of obtained estimates and for ranging countries by their matching OCA criteria.


There is broad consensus that women's empowerment underpins the success of the new 2030 Agenda for Development (also known as the Sustainable Development Goals). While gender equality itself constitutes one of the seventeen development goals (Goal 5), it is widely acknowledged that the empowerment of women and girls is an important prerequisite for the realisation of all other goals, including the reduction of poverty (Goal


Objective To investigate the utilization of anti-hypertensive drugs in our hospital pharmacy and provide a reference for clinical medication. Methods Collect and analyze the utilization of anti-hypertensive drugs in our hospital pharmacy in year 2009 and 2010. Results The first 5 of DDDs were Ca2+ channel blocker,angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor,β receptor blocker and diuretic.Except the diuretic,the amount of marketing and DDDs of other kinds of drugs were raised. Conclusion The utilization of anti-hypertensive drugs in our hospital is reasonable.High performance,duration,low adverse effect and low-cost are the tendency of the anti-hypertensive drugs in the future.


We study the matrix models of type $\pi:C(S_N^+)\to M_N(C(X))$. Our first result is a generalization of the Pauli matrix construction at $N=4$, using finite groups and 2-cocycles. Our second result is the construction of a universal representation of $C(S_N^+)$, inspired from the Sinkhorn algorithm, that we conjecture to be inner faithful.


This study was aimed to determine and compared the total cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a prognosis in urosepsis patients treated at the RSUD. Dr. Soetomo Hospital. There were 30 patients involved in this study and was assigned to the test for total cholesterol and CRP level at the day of admission, three days later, and on the last day (14th days) of sepsis or on the day of the death. The variables were tested using the Spearman's rho test with software SPSS 20. This study found 15 patients who were in septic condition, 14 patients had severe sepsis and one patient had septic shock. There were statistically significant between total cholesterol and CRP levels in determining the outcome of urosepsis patient. The coefficient correlation of total cholesterol was better than CRP. The low total cholesterol levels and high CRP levels can be used as predictors of worsening urosepsisprognosis. Total cholesterol levels showed better performance than CRP as a prognostic marker for urosepsis.


We propose SEASALT, an architecture based on the CoMES approach on developing collaborative multi-expert-systems using case-based reasoning and software agents technology. SEASALT is built on a modular structure and will allow implementing intelligent information systems for different kinds of application scenarios based on the architecture we are presenting. Introducing SEASALT furthers knowledge intensive services based on distributed knowledge sources. In our approach we integrate "knowledge work" in a community eliciting new information. Hence, in SEASALT agents act alongside with human beings on a community platform proving and receiving information.


This paper reports our preliminary results for a new and promising family of solution-grown nonlinear optical (NLO) materials based on salts of the boromalate anion. Crystals of this family which we have characterized include lithium boromalate (LiBC/sub 8/H/sub 8/O/sub 10/), potassium boromalate hydrate (KBC/sub 8/H/sub 8/O/sub 10//spl middot/H/sub 2/O), sodium boromalate (NaBC/sub 8/H/sub 8/O/sub 10/), guanidinium boromalate (CN/sub 3/H/sub 3/BC/sub 8/H/sub 8/O/sub 10/) and ammonium boromalate (NH/sub 4/BC/sub 8/H/sub 8/O/sub 10/). These preliminary results suggest that boromalate-based semiorganic salts show promise as new NLO materials for frequency conversion in the near-IR to near-UV. Because the angular sensitivity appears to be small and relatively constant, the power threshold figure of merit is expected to compare favorably with high temperature melt-grown materials, such as BBO.<<ETX>>


Spinpolarized STM (SPSTM) is a powerful tool to visualize sample spinpolarization vectors at an atomic scale. A di‹culty of SPSTM measurement is how to fabricate a tip with a stable spinpolarization vector. In 1990's, ˆrst, many eŠorts were payed for a GaAs tip with optically pumping, but ˆnally the GaAs tip did not detect sample spin polarization due to quenching of the spinpolarization at the GaAs tip apex. However, in 2000, a W tip coated by a magnetic thin ˆlm detected the spinpolarized tunneling current, and spin polarization images of magnetic atoms were successfully obtained. In 2016, more than 15 groups in the world can perform SP STM measurements. History and issues for further development of SPSTM measurements are discussed.


There are many methods and models to determine the calculated depth in ground settlement. Methods in documentations are subsumed and discussed, then the model of initiative force is studied emphasisly and the calculated equation is deduced in overgrown soil, finally, the conclusion is that the initiative force is constant.


for working with families experiencing that problem. A chapter on stress in marriage, for example, is followed by one on therapy with couples. The family relationship problems discussed in this manner include stress in marriage, divorce, troubled relationships between parents and children, family violence, and children in foster and residential care. The volume concludes with two chapters on family policy and the interaction of the legal system with family problems. The editors state that the authors all approach family relationship problems from a systems perspective, although there is little actual discussion of systems theory per se. Some of the chapters on intervention use brief family therapy as their approach; for example, Insoo Berg offers an excellent chapter on couples therapy based on this approach, with many interesting and relevant case studies. Unfortunately, there is not a sufficient introduction to the underlying theoretical principles of brief family therapy for the novice to be able to understand in full the rationale of some of the practice principles used. Particularly noteworthy contributions in the book include the chapter on children and divorce by Judith Wallerstein, on divorce therapy by Douglas Sprenkle, on intervention in wife beating by J. Scott Fraser, and the two chapters on children in residential and foster care by James Whittaker and Anthony Maluccio. Each of these chapters make the volume worth its price for the professional facing families with these problems. Although some of the chapters Book Reviews Review and Expositor, 88 (1991)


This paper introduces Veer, a peer selection algorithm for vehicular ad hoc networks running peer-to-peer file exchange applications. Contrary to existing approaches that basically consider vehicular networks as ordinary mobile ad hoc networks, Veer relies on the individual mobility patterns of the vehicles when making peer selection, and this at low control overhead. In Veer, replies are only sent by peers that share part of their trajectories with the requesting node. The file transfer is then scheduled to the time interval when both vehicles meet. In this way, Veer avoids multi-hop file transfers, thus reducing contention areas and increasing the global capacity of the network. We show through extensive simulation that using such an opportunistic one-hop transfer mechanism gives better results than multi-hop file tranfers. In order to support our simulation results, we show through real experiments the capacity of car-to-car links with off-the-shelf hardware.


Interactions between absorption ofparaquat andthepolyamines putrescine, cadaverine, andspermine inroots ofintact maize(Zea maysL.cv3377Pioneer) seedlings wereexamined. Concentrationdependent kinetics forparaquat andputrescine influx weresimilar andbothkinetic curves couldberesolved intoa linear anda saturable component. Thelinear component waspreviously shown torepresent cell wall/membrane binding. Thesaturable components forparaquat andputrescine uptake, whichrepresent influx across theplasmalemma, hadKmvalues of98and120micromolar, respectively, andVmax values of445and456nanomoles pergram fresh weight perhour, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk transformation ofthesaturable component ofparaquat influx inthepresence ofvarying concentrations ofputrescine indicated that thediamine competitively inhibited thesaturable component ofparaquat uptake. Reciprocal experiments similarly demonstrated that paraquat competitively inhibited thesaturable component ofputrescine uptake. Competitive inhibition ofbothparaquat andputrescine influx could also bedemonstrated withthediamine cadaverine, which hasacharge distribution similar tothat ofparaquat andputrescine. Incontrast, thelarger, tetravalent polyamine spermine appeared tononcompetitively inhibit theinflux ofparaquat andputrescine. These results strongly suggest that paraquat enters maizerootcells viaacarrier system thatnormally functions inthetransport of diamines withacharge distribution similar tothat ofparaquat.


SAS DATA step views provide virtual data sets within the SAS system, and, used properly, can enhance or increase the power of your programming. Here we review 2 examples of DATA step view usage: 1. Using views, one can process extremely large sequential data sets (flat files and/or SAS native files) that otherwise would require too much disk space to process. 2. Views are superb tools to integrate dissimilar data sets. They allow you to combine legacy and new systems in reporting and other applications, and promote well-designed, modular software code. Views can also, in relevant contexts, hide complexity and simplify access. Introduction: what are DATA step views? SAS DATA step views can be described in a number of ways: • Virtual versions of SAS data sets, where the physical data are derived after the view is invoked, by processing a pre-compiled DATA step. • A special type of stored compiled SAS DATA step that creates and provides physical data in the form of a SAS data set or segments thereof. Depending on the usage and context in which it is invoked, the DATA step view might produce a complete temporary data file or the data may be supplied in the form of a data stream: segments of a (sequential) SAS data file, constructed on-the-fly. SAS DATA step views are created using the VIEW= option on the DATA step command. SAS DATA step views are invoked (executed) when they are used in a DATA step, PROC, or in (another) invoked view. The temporary file produced by a DATA step view is referred to as the spill file; note that spill files are "never created for sequential processing" of DATA step views (SAS 9.1.3 Language Reference: Dictionary, pg. 52). The SPILL= option can be used on PROC and DATA steps to control spill file generation, when access is non-sequential. DATA step views also provide another logical processing layer within the SAS system, specifically the DATA step processing done to create the data. Although the context and application of DATA step views imply certain constraints, the processing performed in the view can be any processing supported by the DATA step. Think of the power of the DATA step, inserted into a PROC (for data transformation) or another DATA step. The official SAS documentation (SAS 9.1.3 Language Reference: Concepts, chapter 29) goes to some effort to point out that there are significant differences between DATA step views and stored compiled DATA steps. The documentation asserts that DATA step views exist primarily to create a virtual data set or data stream, while a stored compiled DATA step performs "more specific tasks," e.g., creates complex reports. We observe that every DATA step view is an instance of a stored compiled DATA step, but the converse is not true. Experienced SAS programmers will note that all DATA steps are compiled prior to execution, but they frequently are not stored, nor are they necessarily DATA step views. Another important point here is that the view is virtual: the physical data are not created until some point in time after the view is invoked. As virtual data sets, views save disk space at the expense of CPU-time. Computer efficiency and human factors A number of previous SUGI papers on DATA step views (e.g., Ray 2002, Boling 1997, First 1997) have emphasized how DATA step views, under the right conditions, can promote computer efficiency by reducing the number of passes where data are read/written in a typical SAS program. The emphasis in this paper is on human factors, in particular how the usage of SAS DATA step views can, in the right context, enhance your programming by increasing capability and hiding complexity. To illustrate this, we will discuss 2 samples of the usage of SAS DATA step views.


Shanghai Research Challenge Fund; New York University Global Seed Grants for Collaborative Research; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61571301, D1210036A, 11674100]; NSFC Research Fund for International Young Scientists [11650110425, 11850410426]; NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) [17ZR1443600]; China Science and Technology Exchange Center [NGA-16-001]; NSFC-RFBR Collaborative grant [81811530112]; Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [16ZR1448200]; Shanghai Rising-Star Program [17QA1401300]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Army Research Office United States Department of Defense Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency United States Department of Defense (DARPA); National Science Foundation (NSF)


The Canadian‐US Task Force on Archival Description (CUSTARD) has undertaken the process of reconciling the two principal North American standards for archival description – the Canadian Rules for Archival Description (RAD) and the US' Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts (APPM) – with each other and with the broader international standard of ISAD(G) (General International Standard Archival Description). The anticipated final product of the CUSTARD project will be a new standard for rules governing description of archival holdings. The first tangible product is a "statement of principles" concerning archival description, which will guide the final development of descriptive rules. A complete draft of the CUSTARD rules should be available for review by June 2003, with publication expected in 2004. The new standard being developed will guide the future of archival description.


About fifteen years ago, it seemed novel to suggest that a literature of the Americas was emerging out of the corpuses maintained in distinct national literatures—such as the colonial and baroque literatures of New England, Spanish America, and Brazil, or the modernisms of the 1920s in the United States and Latin America. With this transnational canon, the argument went, we gained new ways of addressing movements, careers, and works in both national and hemispheric settings. A swath of literary history and criticism explored this premise, bringing new light to both historical and present-day writers and works.[1] Still, poetry often remains oblique to this approach, for reasons that were envisioned by Charles Bernstein ten years ago and revisited by Jahan Ramazani in 2006: the stubbornness of the boundary around national poetries, and the difficulty of observing affinities across cultures without imposing unities, not to mention the ways that particular poems resist being drawn into such an order.[2]


Objective To observe the effects of profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest on the change of neuron specific enolase(NSE)in serum in rats so as to evaluate the protective effect of the profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest on the brain.Methods A total of 18 rats were subjected to a cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object and divided randomly into two groups:control group(9 rats)and experimental group(9 rats).A series of samples were obtained 3,6 and 24 h directly after trauma in two groups respectively.Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the serum of NSE.Results The serum level of NSE in rats was significantly decreased in experimental group compared with the control group,3,6 and 24 h after injury(P0.01).Conclusion Profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest can dramatically inhibit the release of NSE,enhance endurance of neurons to brain injury,and alleviate the severity of the damaged neurons.


In this chapter, I focus on the narratives of 25 interviewees who selfidentified as Orthodox feminists. I suggest that their stories serve as a lens both into their struggle to make sense of an identity that on the surface seems fraught with contradictions, as well as into the cultural context in which they function. to date, studies on gender and conservative religion have pointed to the growing feminist sensibilities that have taken form among women, all the while as they avoid or reject the feminist label (Fishman 1993, 2001; Gallagher and smith 1999; manning 1999). In many ways, the position of these women vis-à-vis feminism is consistent with that of many non-religious women who also distance themselves from feminist selfidentification while supporting many issues that can be considered feminist. misciagno (1997) categorizes such women as de-facto feminists; stacey (1990) talks about such women as post-feminists; Badran (1994) uses the term pro-feminists. yet, in past decades, feminist oriented research has shown how different versions and understandings of feminism are being produced from within different cultures (Baca zinn and dill 1996; harnois 2005; Badran 1994, 2007; Grewal and Kaplan 1994; Kaplan 1994; narayan and harding 2000; Oyewumi 2003; smith and Censer 2000). the narratives of some of the women in the previous chapter indicate that there is a trend in Orthodoxy that seeks to change the way their communities think about and "do" gender. such voices can also be heard among women from within Catholicism (ecklund 2003, Farrell 1991; henold 2008), evangelicalism (Ingersoll 2003; stock 1997; Bartkowski 1997) and Orthodox Judaism (Koren 2005, sered 1990).


The main thrust of this study is to examine the legislative executive conflict and its implications on democratic governance and maintenance of rule of law in Nigeria from 2015 to 2019. With specific reference to the legislative process and investigates how the "power-relations" were managed to enhance good democratic governance. Understanding legislatureexecutive relation is crucial to building democratic values and ideal for the sustenance of basic institutions and ensuring effective interaction towards democratic development. This study has adopted the Theory of Separation of Powers as propounded by Baron Montesquieu as its framework of analysis. The data used for this study were collected through the secondary source which was obtained from the review of related literature. Discussion revealed the existence of harmony and conflict. The attendant politics of legitimacy or the lack of it, as well as mutual distrust and frosty relations between the legislature and the executive dominated the period. Divergent interests which sometimes characterize a heterogeneous society like Nigeria accounts for the Legislative and Executive conflict especially in a nascent democracy as Nigeria. The paper succinctly draws a conclusion towards strengthening Legislative-Executive relationship in Nigeria. The quest for political power by both the executive and the legislative must be sorted out in the manner in which the political environment of the country is structured in its constitution.