Applied Theatre: International Case Studies and Challenges for Practice, 2nd edition Monica Prendergast and Juliana Saxton, Eds. [Bristol: Intellect, 2016. 270 pp.]Edited by Monica Prendergast and Juliana Saxton, Applied Theatre is an introductory volume of international case studies in applied theatre. Including edited versions of over 30 case studies reprinted from a variety of journals and books, this text provides readers with a broad overview of different types of applied theatre. The first edition of Applied Theatre won the American Alliance for Theatre and Education's Distinguished Book Award in 2010, and the second edition has built on this and kept true to its subtitle by adding two new chapters (one on story and storytelling, and the other on documentary theatre) as well as 17 new case studies. The book is intended to be an introduction, so Prendergast and Saxton take a similar approach to other introductory works on applied theatre-like Tim Prentki and Sheila Preston's The Applied Theatre Reader-by dividing the book into four parts: "Theories, History, and Practices of Applied Theatre," "The Landscape of Applied Theatre," "The Locations of Applied Theatre," and "Challenges for Practice." Across the four parts, readers can expect to find chapters on ten different areas of applied theatre practice: popular theatre, documentary theatre, theatre in education, theatre of the oppressed (TO), theatre in health education, theatre for development, prison theatre, community-based theatre, museum theatre, and reminiscence theatre. This breadth facilitates Prendergast and Saxton's goal of assembling "the diversity of applied theatre practices," particularly for those who are "new to the field or seeking examples of experience" (p. xx). Each chapter begins with an introduction to the relevant area of applied theatre practice and concludes with practical activity and internet resource suggestions, useful for instructors and students alike.In Part 1, "Theories, History, and Practices of Applied Theatre," Prendergast and Saxton begin with a brief outline of what they mean by each of the aforementioned ten types of practice. There is also a short history of applied theatre, a practice they characterize as "inclusive" and "not carry[ing] any limited fixed agendas" (p. 6). Furthermore, the first chapter highlights a list of some essential threads of applied theatre, including a "focus on multiple perspectives" and "endings that remain open for questioning" (p. 11). The next chapter considers the role of the facilitator and scripting, with a brief consideration of the interaction between the two. It also offers four key areas for effective applied theatre, including participation, aesthetics, ethics/safety, and assessment. The interrelationship between these is at the heart of applied theatre, issues that Prendergast and Saxton return to in Part 4. Part 1 concludes with a chapter new to the 2016 edition that focuses on story and storytelling. Effective storytelling reflects challenges of engagement, shape, tension, voice, and gesture. Helpfully, the chapter on storytelling also considers some of the Part 2, "The Landscape of Applied Theatre," begins the examination of case studies that serves as the heart of this text. It features four forms of applied theatre: popular theatre, documentary theatre, theatre in education, and theatre of the oppressed. First, the chapter on what Prendergast and Saxton call popular theatre-also referred to as "grassroots theatre" that "draws on mythologies and folk tales" (p. 43)-considers it as spectacle in the UK, puppetry with at-risk indigenous youth in Australia, comic performance in Bangkok, and street theatre seeking to reduce mercury pollution among artisanal gold miners in Zimbabwe. Second, the chapter on documentary theatre-a practice that seeks "to inform audiences and to provoke community discussion or action on a wide range of issues" (p. 63)- draws examples from the post-colonial context of Angola, a fascinating project involving translators serving South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a verbatim project with British mothers of sexually abused children, and testimonial theatre with asylum seekers in Australia. …


Abstract Through ethnographic material gathered in the Muslim woodworking mohallas (neighbourhoods) of a North Indian city, this article attends to 'performed' elements of everyday convivial interactions. It builds on work that situates conviviality as a normative project aimed at understanding and fostering interaction within urban space which bridges forms of difference. Through descriptive accounts, the article illustrates how convivial exchanges can embody degrees of instrumentality and conceal relations of power and marginalization that act to silence outrage or contestation. This 'performed conviviality' is dealt with in a broader context of 'scale' to consider how marginalization and connectedness—the marginal hub—intersect in even the most mundane moments of convivial exchange. By tracing processes of marginalization, boundary making, and bordering within the local, city-wide, state, and international contexts, the article follows the production of a marginalized or 'border' subjectivity through to the individual level. The subjectivities produced in this context act to enforce degrees of self-imposed silence among those subjected to processes of marginalization. In addition—and again attending to scale through an acknowledgement of the connected nature of the mohallas—the article also considers the role of conviviality in global chains of supply through the creation and maintenance of bonds and obligations that facilitate production in the city's wood industry.


A method of making an electrical insulation system for an electrical machine comprises the following steps: depositing a porous main insulation paper on a conductor (3) of the electric machine; Applying a porous Endenglimmschutzpapiers the main insulation paper, thereby forming a Isolationsrohkorper of the insulation system; By impregnating the Isolationsrohkorpers with a base resin, wherein the Endenglimmschutzpapier and the main insulation paper have such a porosity that the Isolationsrohkorper is saturated with the base resin to form a homogeneous base resin matrix; Completing the insulation system.


Evidence shows that crime affects housing prices. H owever, whether fear of crime impacts equally on prices of properties is an issue that is little inv estigated in the international literature. In this article we assess the impact of perceived safety on housing pr ces in the city of Stockholm, capital of Sweden. The study uses data over apartment sales and respon ses of 2008's Stockholm Safety Survey aggregated by parishes. The effect of perceived saf ety is assessed using hedonic pricing modelling controlling for a number of land use covariates usi ng Geographical Information System (GIS). Results show that fear of crime has a strong impact on apar tment prices, regardless the measure tested. The effect of fear of crime on property prices is littl e affected by vandalism levels in an area. Apartmen prices are lower in areas that show high levels of fear of crime, where people do not take precautiona ry measures to prevent crime and where people avoid go ing out by themselves.


Currently cost and managerial accounting is being evaluated by the functions of planning, controlling, decision making and other managerial functions. Managerial accounting has become an important itself with management, economy, operational research and statistics. As a result of these changes in managerial accounting; value based management, just in time, total quality: management, logistics, activity based casting, life cycle casting, target casting has become more important.


This archaeological experiment study of furnace, tuyere and bellow making to conduct iron smelting experiments is aimed at obtaining information related to the iron smelting process that is likely to have been carried out in Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex. This archaeological experiment study was conducted through a knowledge transfer program (KTP) at the Sungai Batu Complex conducted in 2013 involving 18 participants and two instructors. This experiment involves the use of soil taken in the Sungai Batu river to produce furnaces and tuyere while bellow are made from wood, plywood and cloth. The raw material of iron smelting, namely iron ore, was taken after the survey activities were carried out near Kampung Batu 5, UiTM Merbok and Tupah Hill areas while the charcoal for iron smelting was used by rubber wood in the rubber plantation near the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complexs. The iron smelting experiments conducted have shown the difference in smelting results with the discovery of iron bloom which explains the possible differences in smelting techniques and technology to produce the iron ingots. Although the results of the experiments show differences with the actual results at the iron smelting site but the data can be used in the development of archeotourism at the Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex to provide a overview of iron smelting techniques that may be used in this area in the past.


Export and import activities are the most important part of economic activity in Indonesia. These needs need to be supported by good infrastructure especially the port. So that,logistics activities can running well. However, the main port that sustains export and import activities, especially in Jabodetabek, which is Tanjung Priok Port, is inseparable from problems. For example, high dwelling time and congestion logistic problems are very dense which will disrupt logistics activities.
Cikarang Dry Port (CDP) as the only Dry Port owned by a private company in Indonesia should be able to support export and import activities and supply chains, especially in the Greater Jakarta and Cikarang areas. There is a need to develop appropriate business development strategies to maximize resources and optimize opportunities from the Cikarang Dry Port business environment. This study aims are: (1) Analyzing the company's current performance; (2) Identifying the influence of internal and external factors that affect the development of the Cikarang Dry Port business; (3) Formulating business development strategies and creating Cikarang Dry Port strategy architecture.
The method used in this study is descriptive analysis and the method used for selecting respondents is purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques used in this study are the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix which functioned as an analysis tool for the internal and external environment of the company. To formulate alternatives and make a strategy implementation plan, this study usedthe SWOT Matrix and the Strategy Architecture analysis.
The SWOT Matrix resulted 13 alternative strategies for the development of the Cikarang Dry Port business, which are: (a) developing smart device-based E-DO, E-Billing and E-Tracking support applications, (b) accelerating and simplifying the process of customer documents, (c) preparing supporting facilities for Indry Waterways, (d) optimizing its own electricity generation and packaging at Dry Ports, (e) encouraging the acceleration of the loading and unloading process from Tanjung Priok Port with the logistics train lane, (f) increasing the logistics train capacity fromTanjung Priok Port to Cikarang Dry Port, (g) regulating regulations related to minimize dwelling times, (h) delivering and loading and unloading processes, (i) providing convenience to exporters, making master plans related to Cikarang Dry Port, (j) frequent socializing related to Dry Ports, (k) coming personally to customers outside Jababeka Industrial Estate, (l) conducting large-scale promotions inside and outside Cikarang, (m) doing promotions to PPJK and truck service providers outside Cikarang to operate in Cikarang Dry Port.
Based on the analysis of the Strategy Architecture, which produced stages of the sequence of strategies over the next 4 years, targets to be achieved in this time frame are (1) Utilizing of loading and unloading services up to 400 000 TEUs; (2) Increasing income by 50% in 4 years; (3) Opening the branch Dry dengan mengembangkan aplikasi pendukung E-DO, E-Billing dan E-Tracking berbasis gawai pintar hingga membuat masterplan tentang pelabuhan darat. Rancangan strategi arsitektur tersebut diharapkan akan membawa Cikarang Dry Port untuk mencapai sasaran yang telah ditetapkan.


How is the implementation of learning at the Christian Elementary School 03 Wonosobo in the 2022/2023 school year ", the purpose of this study is to examine the evaluation of the implementation of learning at the Christian Elementary School 03 Wonosobo in the 2022/2023 school year.In general, the Big Indonesian Dictionary (1996: 272) evaluation means assessment. Meanwhile, according to Wirawan (2012: 7) evaluation is: "Research to collect, analyze, and present useful information about the object of evaluation, then assess it and compare it with evaluation indicators and the results are used to make decisions about the object of evaluation". This type of research is qualitative research, which is research whose main purpose is to describe the facts and characteristics of the object or subject under study systematically and accurately and precisely. In relation to the 2013 Curriculum Learning Assessment Management. This research is qualitative research. This model highlights gaps in program implementation. The success of learning is seen from the acquisition of student learning outcomes. Evaluation of the 2013 curriculum, planning is designed based on instructions from the government, and must explore all the potential and abilities of students and all norms of life. Implementation of the 2013 curriculum, learning is carried out holistically to achieve overall goals as well, so that all student potential will be explored which is listed in the four core competencies using various assessment instruments, Assessment in 2013 curriculum learning is based on scientific assessment that assesses all the potential possessed by students. Assessment is not only limited to test instruments, but also through various instruments.


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computer databases that organize information in a spatial framework. This allows the analysis of data based in part on location. A pilot project has been set up in the Yuma Valley to explore the use of GIS to study the influence of crop sequences, weeds, urban areas, and insect vector populations on the incidence of virus diseases of vegetables. The goal is to learn to collect field observations in such a way that long term regional trends can be understood and visualized. Such information can then be used in management plans.


Objective: To evaluate the overall impact of using e-learning resources by Riphah faculty members in terms of their satisfaction and its usefulness for student learning.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Islamic International Medical College from 24th June to 28th June 2020.
Methodology: There were a total of 160 respondents of Riphah faculty of Medical College (n=100), Dental College (n=30) and Rehab Sciences (n=30).
Results: 58.8% of the faculty agreed that online education is convenient for their working and the concept of online mode of teaching was acceptable to 65.6%. Faculty -development workshops were appreciated by 60%. 70% disagreed that face-face lectures can be replaced by online lectures. Regarding Perception of student online teaching and assessment 66.9% disagreed that they are attentive during the online lectures. As far as the preparedness towards online learning was concerned 33.8% agreed that preparation for online lectures requires a lot of effort. 52.5% agreed that learning of online technologies is difficult to learn. Major challenges faced were those of network issues 56.3% lack of computer skills 64.4%. According to Kirk Patricks' evaluation level-1 regarding the reaction of faculty 96.3% were satisfied with the faculty development program.
Conclusion: Reaction of the employees is recorded to identify aspects, which can be used to make improvements in the training programs. A very high percentage of faculty members were satisfied with the training activities and strengths and weaknesses were elaborated along with the factors, which promote and hinder the students learning activities.


Financing of protected areas in Serbia is one of the important issues in the system of nature protection. Protected areas covers ~5,89 % of territory of Serbia while national parks involve ~30,57% of this land. Their importance is very significant since they include nature ecosystems, landscape and cultural features and this area is intended for protection of existing natural resources as well as for protection of landscapes, geological and biological features. Their usages are also oriented toward scientific, educational, cultural and tourism needs. This paper analyses different revenue structures in managing this type of natural resource as well as approaches in the financing in the region and abroad. The objective of the article is the structure of revenues in the financing five national parks in Serbia. Territorial framework of the research is the Republic of Serbia with the autonomous provinces. In order to determine the structure of revenues in the financing, statistical techniques based on analysis of time series is used.Non-reactive method is used for collection of data's. Results are showing that most revenues are coming from sales and services and least from government revenue allocation. The best average exponential trend has national park "Fruška gora" while national park "Đerdap" has negative exponential trend. Based on this, in all national parks, on revenue structure mostly influence revenues from sales of goods and fees.


Seme modern delivery models are introduced,such as centralized delivery,delivering on schedule,planned delivery,joint delivery and package delivery.The existing problems are put forward.Points out that,a proper logistics model under the supply chain can make both supply chain and logistics develop in a healthy course.The development of logistics has become the key point of the growing of supply chain.


The introduction of source mask optimization (SMO) to the design process addresses an urgent need for the 32nm node and beyond as alternative lithography approaches continue to push out. To take full advantage of SMO routines, an understanding of the characteristic properties of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is required. Greater flexibility in the DOE output is needed to optimize lithographic process windows. In addition, new and tighter constraints on the DOEs used for off-axis illumination (OAI) are being introduced to precisely predict, control and reduce the effects of pole imbalance and stray light on the CD budget. We present recent advancements in the modeling and optical performance of these DOEs.


This article traces the historical coverage of the gender issue in the criminological literature. It also provides contemporary empirical evidence about differences and similarities between girls and boys with respect to juvenile crime and to processing by the juvenile justice system, by analyzing several national juvenile crime data series, all of which have been recently updated. This research has produced numerous results that indicate that female and male delinquents possess more similarities than differences concerning arrest rates, arrest statistics, juvenile court data, and juvenile corrections data.


By researching into the representative novels about the Culture Revolution, which were written at the turning point from the late 70s to the beginning of 80s, this paper attempts to reinterpret their narrative logic and the cultural background. These contexts, which are reflections on the Revolution Culture under the trend of emancipation of ideas, commonly show a series of sensibility patterns of Mother and Son and the cultural archetype which is reluctant to separate from the traditional culture. These sensibility patterns and cultural archetype became legally effective resources for political criticism that were available to the intellectuals. Idealized interpretation of and firm belief in such sensibility patterns and cultural archetype are also a reflection of the most absurd political facets of the Cultural Revolution.


The paper presents a brief summary of the introduction of the term "practical elimination" as prevention of the conditions that could lead to early or large radioactive releases. The concept of "practical elimination" is defined as part of the Defence in Depth (DiD) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) document INSAG-12 in 1999. But, the special attention to it was paid after the accident in Fukushima NPP in 2011. The mechanisms of the containment failure of reactor WWER-1000/V320 are presented. As an example, the summarized design features and preventing and mitigation measures already implemented at Kozloduy NPP to extend the design basis and beyond design basis envelop are presented. Issues related to external steam explosion are underlined for further study.


In his editorial regarding the reasons why so many eligible patients with atrial fibrillation are not receiving anticoagulant therapy,[1][1] Stuart Connolly suggests that anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated in elderly patients with a history of falling. A recent study[2][2] demonstrated that


Conversion of organic-containing sludges to a high value fertilizer is considered to be a rational solution from a recycling point of view. Aerobic respiration could serve as an indicator of stability and maturity of the treated sewage sludge (SS). The aim of this study was to characterize two SS samples, obtained from different wastewater treatment plants ("D" and "J"), i.e, at the initial stage of treatment, alone and with amendments. Two methods for estimation of microbial respiration, as well as dehydrogenase activity were used. The SS-J demonstrated the higher microbial biodegradation activity, as compared to SS-D. In experiments with OxiTop® device, statistically significant (p<0.05) differences of the pressure drop between SS-J and SS-D have been revealed. Addition of peat to SS resulted in a more intensive pressure drop, compared to non-amended SS, i.e., -145 hPa vs. -76 hPa for SS-D and-199 hPa vs. -180 hPa for SS-J, respectively. The obtained results represent a methodical approach for characterization of raw SS in order to evaluate the amount of aerobically degradable organic substances and intensity of their oxidation. Further research is needed for highlighting the mechanisms responsible for interrelation of respiration intensity, bacterial community activity and other metabolic changes towards SS stabilization.


This discussion explores how place shapes the teaching of creative writing. More specifically, the paper considers how creative writing can be taught within a regional context where students may have limited access to literary knowledge, traditions and techniques. Drawing on the experience of teaching creative writing at a remote regional campus, the paper addresses issues of regionalism and culture in terms of how students are situated, geographically, educationally, socially, economically. The paper also incorporates an exploration of the dynamics of location and dislocation as a creative and pedagogical strategy.


A model for cluster analysis on electric load history data is proposed in this paper based on the day type and temperature interval,and a recursive method is designed to make the short-term electric load forecasting function into a linear,which is programmed and simulated with MATLAB. After all,the advantage of the model is tested,proving its operability,validity and accuracy of prediction by case analysis.


To better understand the physical connections in sympathetic solar eruptions, we investigated the interaction between two nearby filaments and their successive partial eruptions in the active region (AR) NOAA 12866 on 2021 September 9 by using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the New Vacuum Solar Telescope. Based on Hα and extreme ultraviolet observations, we found that the right part of one filament (F1) became active first and experienced an obvious rolling motion. Then the whole body of the filament became wider and expanded toward another filament (F2). They collided with each other, and the interaction between them was accompanied by the brightening and bidirectional flows that appeared between them. This implies that magnetic reconnection occurred between the threads of two filaments. The interaction resulted in a rightward motion of F2 at first, and then its activation, and finally part of it erupted. Furthermore, when the erupted F2 deflected rapidly toward the middle part of F1, the left part of F1 erupted with its overlying magnetic fields pushed by F2. These observational results imply that these successive eruptions within a short time are physically linked, and this was caused by the interaction of the filaments. Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation reveals that the magnetic structure of the filament F1 was composed of several magnetic flux ropes with different twists. These results further advance our understanding of partial filament eruptions and sympathetic solar eruptions.


Forest fire is one of the major disasters endangering forest health, thus the accurate prediction of forest fire danger has great significance for fire prevention. Aiming at the problem of lacking smallscale forecast for forest fire danger grade in China, the paper proposes a new fire weather forecasting method based on the MTCLIM model and the WindNinja software, studies the calculation and generation techniques of forest fire danger factors in subcompartment, and realizes the fast fire weather forecast for forest subcompartment. The results showed that this method was easy to implement, of good universality, and can calculate quickly the temporal and spatial variation of the fire danger levels of forest subcompartments. Thus it has good guidance and reference significance to improve the work of fire fighting and prevention.


The utility model relates to a foil wound dry-type iron core reactor, which overcomes shortcomings that in the prior art, an iron core reactor is made of copper wires or aluminum wires, a plurality of wires need to wind in a parallel connection manner when in a large-current place, winding difficulty is high, and surface flatness of coils is low. The foil wound dry-type iron core reactor comprises an iron core, iron yokes and coils, wherein the iron yokes are arranged at two ends of the iron core, the coils are wound outside the iron core, aluminum foils are in lap winding to form the coils, insulation preimpregnation cloth is adhered among layers of the aluminum foils, and inner surfaces and outer surfaces of the coils are wrapped by the insulation preimpregnation cloth. The foil wound dry-type iron core reactor is wound by the multiple layers of the aluminum foils, winding is simple, the surfaces of the coils are flat, the insulation preimpregnation cloth is wrapped among the layers of the aluminum foils and on the inner and outer surfaces of the coils, has an insulation function, and further is used for fixing the aluminum foil coils, so that integral mechanical strength of the reactor is improved. Silicon-steel sheets with the same specifications are stacked to form the iron core, so that the iron core has multiple sections, the three-phase balance degree of an inductor is ensured to be fine, and the iron core is not easy in magnetic saturation.


The current performance of Islamic banking is quite encouraging, but for the market share of Islamic banking, which is currently still relatively small, even though the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim. Knowledge or literacy has a significant influence on people's interest in muamalah with Islamic banks. This paper tries to describe contemporary jurists' views regarding the law dealing with Islamic banks. Contemporary jurists allow muamalah with Islamic banks because deposits in Islamic banks are built on the principle of mudaraba and there is no usury on it, this is as expressed by Wahbah al-Zuhaylī, usāmuddīn 'Afānah, al-Dubyān, Al-Qarḍāwī, Islam Web, Ibn Bāz, Dāirat al-Iftā and DSN MUI. According to DSN MUI wadiah or deposits in Islamic banks are yad dhamānah not yad amanāh and according to Adiwarman Karim Islamic banks are allowed to give bonuses to customers if they are not required in advance, i.e. the gift is a voluntary gift given by the bank as its policy. According to contemporary fukaha, the law of saving in Islamic banks can be recommended in order to implement and enforce Islamic values


ABSTRACT In Cretaceous shales and limy shales of the Magdalena Valley of Colombia, South America, occur many carbonate concretions. These concretions commonly contain such marine organisms as ammonites. Occasionally, one finds the full body of a fish, like the specimen in the accompanying photographs. The occurrence of carbonate concretions in central basin shale facies is common not only throughout the Cretaceous of the lengthy Andean geosyncline but in similar facies throughout the world. The occurrence of fish in a full or nearly full-bodied state of preservation in concretions is also quite widely known. The manner of occurrence of most carbonate concretions in shales clearly indicates that their origin is syngenetic or early diagenetic. They were formed very soon after deposition, when the enveloping muds were still in a very plastic, unlithified state. For instance, the muds filled in alongside the concretions and, as a result of later compaction, they now "flow" around them. Also, the occurrence of fish and various other kinds of organisms in a full-bodied, uncompressed state indicates that their calcification and the enveloping concretion development were early enough to protect the carcass both from extreme decomposition and from the compressive effect of many thousands of pounds of subsequent overburden pressure. The author points out that the central basin deposition environments in which most carbonate concretion-bearing shales were deposited was rather generally unfavorable, or of limited favorability, to carbonate deposition. Such environments are stagnant, hence usually charged with carbon-dioxide, and the degree of alkalinity (pH) is too low for calcium carbonate deposition. It is suggested, and some evidence is cited, that the rapid calcification of the organic core and the accumulation of the enveloping carbonate concretion in these generally unfavorable realms result from the creation of a favorable environment in the immediate vicinity of the organic material. An alkalinity adequate for rapid carbonate deposition from calcium-ion-rich waters may be locally created by the ammonia that evolves rapidly as soon as proteinaceous (nitrogen-bearing) organic matter begins to decompose. Similarly, the limited decomposition, mainly anaerobic, of the organic matter that usually impregnates the deeper basinal muds may temporarily create an alkalinity adequate to cause calcium carbonate to be released from the lime-bearing solutions permeating the muds. This may explain the common calcareous character of shales in basins where pure limestones are largely restricted to the aerated shallow flank, shelf or lesser bottom-high areas.


supplement (n = 15; 12% crude protein). Within supplementation strategy, steers were assigned to either no implant, one implant at d 0 and one implant at d 56 (EI), or one implant at d 56 (LI). Steers were weighed at the initiation and termination of experiment to determine average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 62, and 108, and blood metabolites were quantified. Supplemented steers had greater (P < 0.0001) ADG than non-supplemented steers (0.93 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.04 kg/d, respectively). Implanted steers (EI and LI) tended to have increased (P = 0.13) ADG compared with non-implanted steers. Concentrations of prolactin and T4 were decreased (implant x time; P < 0.05) in control and LI (one steroid implant) steers but not EI (two steroid implants) steers at 108 d compared to d-62 concentrations. Cortisol was influenced by a supplement x implant interaction (P < 0.05). Supplemented EI steers had increased cortisol compared to supplemented LI steers (58.8 ± 10.0 vs 35.3 ± 9.2 ng/mL for EI and LI steers, respectively). However, non-supplemented LI steers had increased concentrations of cortisol compared with non-supplemented EI steers (56.8 ± 6.6 vs 42.2 ± 6.4 ng/mL for LI and EI steers, respectively). Supplemented steers, independent of timing of implantation, had increased (P < 0.001) concentrations of IGF-I compared with nonsupplemented steers (211.5 ± 19.9 vs 122.7 ± 11.8 ng/mL, respectively). Concentrations of T4 at d-0 were positively correlated (P < 0.05; r = 0.33) with ADG of steers. Management strategies may alter animal physiology, and those strategies should be considered when using physiological markers for the prediction or selection of animal growth.


Rational thought interpreted architecture simply as a container for activities, a machine that absorbed energy from within, different separated pieces of a single mechanism. Rational urban planning is thus rooted in Elementarism and the separation of functions.
Modern architecture dismantles the rigid relationship between interior space and walls, modern urban planning considered the urban space, releasing it from the ties of dependency that governed the relationship between roads, streets and the constructed block.
(…)the traditional compact city, where every part assumed a form in relation to its neighbour, creating squares and urban fabrics, went on dangerously subdividing and breaking up on account of an over simplistic application if the principles of modern urban planning. (cit. Josep Maria Montaner, Sistemas arquitectonicos contemporaneous, Editorial Gustavo Gili, SL, Barcellona, 2008).
The additive approach had served to dissolve, or separate the urban space, raising planning to an abstract state which distanced the architect's attention from the authentic, and conceiving of the city as a mere composition of volumes within the space according to the territorial scale, where the space of the lived-in area was an almost discounted consequence, perhaps substituting the notion of neutral space to that of place.
The heated argument since the post-World War II period, which resulted in an affirmation of the crisis at the CIAM 9, refocuses attention on the idea of habitat as a system of spaces, an articulation of the private, the public and the semi-public; connected to spaces by the limits created by flexibility of use, by unclear borders, by complex extensions. The habitat is a system only inasmuch as it is a union of heterogeneous elements on a different scale which are inter-related according to an internal organization which results in the strategic adaptation to the complexity of the context and which creates, or builds a whole which can't be explained by the sum of its parts. There are no isolated objects within, but all the elements are assimilated and melt into the fabric; every part is present and acts according to a role and in continuity with the others.
The house is a "half-open, half-closed " being, a continuous threshold, a space that is in transition in which exchanges take place and a labyrinthine style complexity appears. A topological labyrinth, the place for living is thus an individual organization wherein the dweller appropriates the space.
The logical progression of this phenomenological concept of the house leads us to the relationship between public and private where we find a scaled reproduction mechanism which from the microcosm of the variety of the house
Abstract
recalls genuine and authentic planning models. This is what the architects at CIAM at Dubrovnik ('56) meant when they sparked polemics by comparing the vitality of the Kasbah with its labyrinthine spatial organization to the purity of modern prismically-limited visions.
The Kasbah, its traditional fabric, the rural villages of the Mediterranean demonstrate the imprecision and mingling of limits and functions, the compact nature and continuity of the mass of blocks of houses that surrounds and combines spaces of different types and creates relationships of osmotic permeability, density and porosity in complicated ways.
In Modern architecture, the urban matrix experiments with a radical transformation in which one passes from a constructed fabric which functions as a continuous solid, in which open spaces appear as sculpted figures extracted from a mouldable mass, to a creation based on isolated convex, which generate a continuous void, in which the open space ceases to have a precise form and which instead becomes a background, while the role of the figure or shape is taken over by buildings that appear as isolated fragments. Therefore we are faced with a radical topological transformation of the urban space.
The lesson of the traditional fabrics and their systematic clarity, their irrational components that are in a certain way spontaneous in defining dimensions, proportions and filters, is revealed as a determining factor in offering consolidated solutions entirely appropriate to everyday needs and functions. From a rationalistic approach which breaks down into clearly defined and juxtaposed sections and elements, one passes towards a more intuitive approach (phenomenological) which interprets and reads in the mixture of the system (that is, within the compact and solid system of the settlement) those elements that go to make it up and which express it even though there is no sense or solution of continuity.
The Kasbah - whose continuous evolution derives from no rational control or logic in any way - is a compact system, a porous mass, an organism made up of penetrating micro-systems, transits and stasis. It is an authentic machine for living, where the term machine is meant in its widest sense as an organized and perfectly functioning unit. If within the Athens Charter a clear call was made for the definition of clearly defined spaces in terms of limits and functions, the position of Team 10 underlines imprecision as the added value of space and place.
A concept of new and radical space is thus defined, the threshold, a spatiality of intermediate scale which becomes enriched through the possibility of usage, of personalization and colonization by virtue of its "middle space" nature, its functional vagueness, its measured yet informal character, by its encircling and deceiving urban dimension. Thresholds are the spaces that regulate the permeability of compact and dense fabrics, they are identifiable where urban solidity opens itself up to possibilities of penetration, where the pores of the building become shadowy places favourable to the dialectic stasis between individual and collective; where the characteristics of the semi-closed, half-closed and filtered spaces create relational balances, dynamics of controlled sharing, discreet dialogues with that which is outside the private family microcosm.
The threshold is the structure of space that regulates the dialogue with the rest (the complex) and itself becomes a place for living, a spatial device at the centre of the family background and a hinge between individual and collective. An intermediate space, a void for transition and meeting. The threshold is an imprecise limit, it is a space marked out for use, from the private fixtures, an expressed yet empty area; it is a third party that is neither private nor public, it has an in-between nature. Once again the Smithsons state that architectural reflection should start from the smallest scale, which means starting from the relationship between house and street, home and road, and thus this research is aimed at reflecting on the architectural and urban devices which make up the basis of this relationship. With the intervention of Team X it is now clear that living is not a fact confined to an apartment or dwelling, a private and individual space, but that it is exactly that by virtue of its extension and presence within the urban context, its links with public spaces. A reading of urban fabrics, and the Kasbahs in particular as organized systems reveals them as design tools in the conception of places for living not as individual architectural facts, building events in which the exclusive nature of the house and its external projections are detailed, but as systems for and of places, environments, objects that on different scales articulate the context of the habitat.


To the Editor:

In a recent study, quality indicators for monitoring patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were developed that prescribe frequent monitoring and registration of disease activity and functionality, together with subsequent treatment adjustments1. From the literature it is clear that frequent monitoring of disease activity with adjusted treatment improves outcome2. However, there is also evidence that in daily practice, treatment steered according to disease activity scores is not yet routine3.

To provide a tool to easily incorporate monitoring and registration of disease activity and functionality into daily routine, a group of international rheumatologists has developed the METEOR program. Our aim is to inform all rheumatologists about the first experiences with METEOR in daily practice and the tool itself.

METEOR stands for …

Address correspondence to Dr. Koevoets; E-mail: r.koevoets{at}lumc.nl


Treatment of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one with a catalytic amount of osmium tetraoxide and excess hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of the acetonide exo-6,exo-7-isopropylidenedioxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-one (2), in 96% yield. This acetonide was converted into several aromatic alcohols (4a–k) through a Grignard reaction. The alcohols were treated with aqueous HCl in acetone, and the corresponding alkenes (5a–c,e–g, j,k) were obtained in 26–46% overall yield, from the ketone (2). The herbicidal activity of the alkenes was evaluated at a concentration of 6.6 µg g−1. All compounds showed an inhibitory effect (21–66%) on the Sorghum bicolor radicle growth. The inhibition of the accumulation of fresh and dried weight of the aerial parts of Cucumis sativus, after 14 days, varied from 7.1 to 60.7% and from 0.0 to 41.6%, respectively. Compounds (5a,e–g) caused 100% mortality of C. sativus, after 20 days. Compound (5g) (exo-6,exo-7-isopropylidenedioxy-3-(3-methylphenyl)-8- oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene) was evaluated against several weeds, and it caused 100% mortality of Desmodium tortuosum and Pennisetum setosum.


In this book, Michael Lobban argues that a proper understanding of English law and jurisprudence in the period is needed to clarify the nature of common-law practice and the way in which it was envisaged by its practitioners. He questions some commonly-accepted views of the nature of the common law itself and argues that attempts - notably those by Blackstone and Bentham - to expound or to criticize common law in essentially theoretical terms were mistaken. His approach is not a philosophically-based one, but he is concerned with the evolution and spread of judicial ideas which were grounded upon the work of moral and political philosophers, and makes a valuable corrective contribution to our historical understanding of a critically important period in legal history


Here we analyze the physical concepts of non-locality, multi-universe, and cosmological principle in the framework of a space-time discrete model previously developed. In previous developments of this model we have elucidated as derivative concepts those of time, space-time, reference frame, particle, interaction between systems of particles, field, interaction between fields, detector of particle, and wave function. We start from the primitive concept of preparticle and four postulates alluding simple concepts. The fundamental postulate says that space-time points can be represented by equivalent classes of points of crossing between particles having the same structure. In this way each point of space-time is represented by an equivalent class corresponding to a different structure from the one of any other equivalent class representing a space-time point. We have considered a new way to define system of observation and detector of particles, which leads to non- local properties of the space-time model considered. Finally we have speculated about dark matter and dark energy in the frame work of our model.


In this paper, a Berstein-Hoeffding type inequality is established for linearly negative quadrant dependent random variables. A condition is given for almost sure convergence and the associated rate of convergence is specified.


Today, total surveillance stratagems are no longer merely figments of our imagination. Yet, the threat and discomfort emanating from contemporary surveillance regimes may lead us, increasingly so, to turn to literature, film, and art as sources for understanding and possibly resisting it in a productive way. Global surveillance is a reality established by the technology that put it into place and without which we can no longer function: neither in the professional world, nor in our private lives—if one can still draw a strict distinction between public and private. Both the erosion and the defence of privacy, autonomy, and democratic values are the cornerstones of contemporary surveillance critique. By accepting the need for security as the legitimizing argument for surveillance, it seems that democratic societies have fallen into a state of regarding the protection of individual freedom, autonomy, and agency at a time when vigilance is of the essence. A certain impassiveness, targeted by the contributors of this special issue and by surveillance critics at large, is reinforced by the idea that compromise is a small price to pay for security and the freedom to roam, to access information, and to be part of the global community. However, what is lacking here is an awareness of the irony contained in the unreflective acceptance of surveillance measures, namely that, because of our dependence on technology, we are only "free" to the extent to which we conform. It is against this bad bargain that surveillance critique addresses itself, often invoking Benjamin Franklin's famous dictum that a people ready to sacrifice a little freedom for a little security doesn't deserve either and ends up losing both. The revelations of whistleblower Edward Snowden in June 2013 exposed the scope of electronic surveillance and spy programs and has fundamentally altered the ways in which we think about the use value of information and how we conceptualize its flow, analysis, and storage. What the citizens of the world learned was that, first, governments practice secret surveillance on their own citizens, thereby violating democratic principles established precisely as recourse against the excesses of power. Second, companies, governmental agencies, and the media exchange information to mutual benefit. This alliance has facilitated


Since the introduction of the network into the university campus,issues such as network administration and network education provoked by network have become challenges to the university administration,which,in return,highlights the necessity of construction of network ethics on campus.This paper,in terms of current situation of network utility of university students,network ethics and network ethics education,comes up with some suggestions and measures on the construction of perfect educational system of network ethics.


ABSTRACT The irredundant Ramsey number s(m,n) is the least value of p such that for any p-vertex graph G, either G has an irredundant set of at least n vertices or its complement G has an irredundant set of at least m vertices. The existence of these numbers is guaranteed by Ramsey's theorem. We prove that s(3,6) = 15.


To the Editor: Here, we discuss a case of Langerhan's cell histiocytosis (LCH) being diagnosed 9 months after treatment completion for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Although published reports exist for LCH and HLH occurring in the same patient, the diagnostic sequence in this case (HLHpreceding LCH) is rare.1,2 In a study investigating32patients with both LCH and HLH, there were only two patients (6.3%) in which HLH preceded LCH.1 The underlying pathophysiology that links LCH andHLH is notwell understoodbut there is evidence that an etiological relationship does exist.2 LCH is a neoplastic inflammatory disorder typified by abnormal accumulation of histiocytes in various organ systems.1,3,4 Biopsy of involved tissue confirms diagnosis via morphological assessment and immunohistochemical analysis (CD1a and CD207 positivity).5 Cases are stratified into single or multi-system disease (≥2 organ systems), and whether there is risk organ involvement (liver, spleen, and haematopoietic system).1,2 HLH is characterised by immune system disturbance resulting in uncontrolled accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes and hyperinflammation.6 The diagnostic criterion is based on clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings.5–7 Currently, the favoured terminology is to label patients that meet sufficient criteria to have "HLH syndrome." Only a subset of these patients will have "HLH disease" where distinctive immune dysregulation is the core problem and they are likely to benefit from immune suppression treatment. The other patients that have disorders leading to HLH syndrome that would not benefit from immune suppression are labelled as having "HLH disease mimics."8 Without timely and adequate treatment, HLH can be fatal.9 In this case, a 19-month-old female child presented to our hospital and met the following diagnostic criteria for HLH syndrome6: fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia affecting two cell lineages (haemoglobin 75 g/L and platelets 4 × 109/L), hyperferritinaemia (4316 μg/L), hypofibrinogenaemia (0.4 g/L), strongly positive soluble CD25/IL2R alpha (>2200pg/ml) andabonemarrowaspiratewhich showednumerous macrophages and frequent haemophagocytosis (see supplemental table S1 and supplemental figure S1). Her Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) titre was very high (44,000 IU/ml) and deemed to be the underlying cause of her HLH. Genetic testing revealed no known underlying causative variants. She commenced treatment as per the HLH2004 protocol, consisting of 8 weeks of a weaning course of dexamethasone, and biweekly, then weekly etoposide.9 After initially falling, the EBV titre climbed to 73,100 IU/ml by week 6. A dose of rituximab was subsequently given with good effect. After 8 weeks, treatment response assessment revealed the following normal results: full blood count, fibrinogen, EBV titre, ferritin, bone marrow assessment and spleen size on ultrasound. A complete response was noted and treatment was discontinued (see supplemental figure S2 for treatment timeline). The patient remained in remission from HLH for 9 months, with ongoing normal HLH screening investigations. She then developed left orbital proptosis. AnMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a significant bony infiltrative process involving the skull base, left orbit, and mastoid. A skeletal survey revealed a lytic lesion in the right proximal femur. Femoral lesion biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of LCH with a BRAF V600E mutation. The LCH was classified as "Single System, Multifocal Bone." Treatment was commenced following Stratum 1 of the LCH-IV protocol. The periodic treatment response assessments showed a strong response to therapy and the patient has remained in remission. Both HLH and LCH lie within a spectrum of disorders whose pathophysiology is characterised by immune dysregulation. HLH can arise from a variety of acquired causes such as rheumatological processes (e.g., systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis), malignancies (leukaemias, lymphomas), and infectious triggers (e.g., EBV).5 Infection can also act as a triggering event for the other acquired causes of HLH.8 LCH has been reported to occur in association with some haematologic conditions (e.g., Rosai–Dorfman disease, Hodgkin disease, acute leukaemia); however, there are no studies that suggest an infectious or environmental stimulus for LCH.4,5,10 HLH cases have been more commonly described occurring after LCH. The pathophysiology of this is not well understood. Proposed mechanisms include systemic hypercytokinaemia and immune dysregulation inducing HLH.2,11 It is estimated that the cumulative incidence of HLH occurring in patients with LCH is as much as 9.3%.1,12 It can be challenging to distinguish betweenmulti-systemLCH (MS-LCH) and HLH due to an overlap of both clinical and laboratory findings.1,2 Interestingly, some studies have identified risk factors in LCH patients that predispose to HLH:MS-LCHwith risk organ positive disease; aged less than 2 years; female and patients without bone involvement.1,11 The main point of this case was that LCH occurred after successful treatment for HLH. Based on the cause, HLH can be classified as "HLH disease," "HLH syndrome," or "HLH disease mimics." Also, with LCH, it is important to be aware of the potential for developing HLH particularly if risk factors (as described previously) are present.


In order to prevent network fraud and identity theft and to increase authentication security,an intelligent authentication method based on neural network and multi-factor was improved.Based on analysis of the composing and distinguishing of identification,this method focuses the customers action.An application model which can be used in e-commerce system is designed.Resolved the problem of traditional authentication method which depends on a few of identity factors,identity theft can be prevented,security of authentication is increased.


We have investigated the stability, geometrical structure, electronic properties and vibrational spectra of different isomers of hydroxylate (5, 0) zigzag carbon nanotube (CNT) with 60 C atoms and 10 hydrogen (C60H10) by using all-electron density-functional-theory (DFT) methods. Stable arrangements of these molecules were found by means of full geometry optimizations using B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. From symmetrical point of view, four isomers of HO-C60H10 are possible when -OH bonds to the surface. We observed that the molecular properties strongly depend on the position of bonded hydroxyl group on the surface of CNT.


By means of density functional theory (DFT), the mechanism for the synthesis of highly substituted furan (2) from 1-(1-alkynyl)-cyclopropyl ketone (1) with nucleophile (MeOH) catalyzed by Au(I) was investigated. As demonstrated, both the intimate ion-pair [AuL]+·[OTf]− (L = PPh3, PMe3, and PH3, OTf = trifluoromethane sulfonate) and the cation [AuL]+ exhibit catalysis, and the former is dominant. Moreover, the bigger the ligand coordinated to gold is, the poorer the catalysis is. The theoretical study reveals that the nucleophiles such as MeOH are important for this reaction, that the reaction between the bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan and the carbinol is a stereospecific addition reaction, and how the proton migration goes through. In the proton migration process, both the anion OTf− and another nucleophile molecule such as MeOH act as a proton shuttle to transport a proton from the nucleophile to the 2-position carbon of alkynyl. The most favorable mechanism includes the activation of the substrate, nucleophile at...


t r e a t e d p a t i e n t s given no IUdR. I n each case we had r ap id p r o l i f e r a t i o n s of t h e c p i t h e l i a l l e s i o n . D r . Grunet ( I t a l y ) : I would l i k e t o ask D r . Aronson o r Prof . Jones i f t h e c l i n i c a l d i agnos i s of h e r p e t i c k e r i t i t i s was confirmed by i s o l a t i o n of herpes simplex v i r u s ? We have found o t h e r pox-like v i r u s e s t h a t A. H. Tomlinson: Perhaps I could make a comment he re . Calabresi


Association rules and frequent patterns discovery is always a hot topic in database communities. As real data is often affected by noise, in this paper, we study to find frequent patterns and generate association rules over probabilistic database under the Possible World Semantics. This is technically challenging, since a probabilistic database can have an exponential number of possible worlds. Although several efficient algorithms are proposed in the literature, there is still a large space for improvement due to the redundancy property of frequent patterns over probabilistic data. To address this issue, we employ approximate idea and propose a more efficient algorithm to mine frequent pattern. After that, we present two distinct strategies to obtain the association rules, and design an evaluation model to measure the accuracy of association rules result. Finally, extensive experiments have been done on real databases, demonstrating that the proposed method preforms better than state-of-art methods in most cases.


Abstract:The geospatial visualization of the information focused on a research or study is easier to interpret through a web viewer. The visualization by a web viewer is very versatile since it has interactive tools that allow the user to manipulate the information about what they want to investigate. Generally, the viewer is contemplated into a data observatory, adding additional value to the viewer, that makes it a strong social tool which allows data sharing with any user of the web. The observatories could use web viewers to represent it, by an attractive and visual way data and relevant current information on the topic which they are focused. The objective of this work is design a web data viewer for the observatory of socio-environmental perceptions, whose data were collected between the years 2016 - 2017 through surveys applied in 31 cantons of Ecuador.


How do readers make texts mean? What resources do they bring to new and challenging texts in an attempt to understand them? Based on data gathered through an ethnographic study of children in primary classrooms, and of teachers studying reading at Masters level, this paper presents a series of maps or models that attempt to show the pushes and pulls of thinking that the children and adults use in order to make meaning from text. The paper argues that when these maps are contrasted, implications for the way reading is taught in schools become apparent.


We introduce the Hybrid Automata Stochastic Logic (HASL), a new temporal logic formalism for the verification of discrete event stochastic processes (DESP). HASL employs Linear Hybrid Automata (LHA) as machineries to select prefixes of relevant execution paths of a DESP. The advantage with LHA is that rather elaborate information can be collected on-the-fly during path selection, providing the user with a powerful means to express sophisticated measures. A formula of HASL consists of an LHA and an expression Z referring to moments of path random variables. A simulation-based statistical engine is employed to obtain a confidence-interval estimate of the expected value of Z. In essence HASL provides a unifying verification framework where temporal reasoning is naturally blended with elaborate reward-based analysis. We illustrate the HASL approach by means of some examples and a discussion about its expressivity. We also provide empirical evidence obtained through Cosmos, a prototype software tool for HASL verification.


Occupancy grid mapping is an important component in road scene understanding for autonomous driving. It encapsulates information of the drivable area, road obstacles and enables safe autonomous driving. Radars are an emerging sensor in autonomous vehicle vision, becoming more widely used due to their long range sensing, low cost, and robustness to severe weather conditions. Despite recent advances in deep learning technology, occupancy grid mapping from radar data is still mostly done using classical filtering approaches. In this work, we propose learning the inverse sensor model used for occupancy grid mapping from clustered radar data. This is done in a data driven approach that leverages computer vision techniques. This task is very challenging due to data sparsity and noise characteristics of the radar sensor. The problem is formulated as a semantic segmentation task and we show how it can be learned using lidar data for generating ground truth. We show both qualitatively and quantitatively that our learned occupancy net outperforms classic methods by a large margin using the recently released NuScenes real-world driving data.


Cancer cells vary from ordinary cells from multiple points of view that permit them to outgrow control and become obtrusive. One significant distinction is that malignancy cells are less particular than ordinary cells. That is, though ordinary cells develop into exceptionally unmistakable cell types with explicit capacities, disease cells don't. This is one explanation that, in contrast to typical cells, disease cells keep on partitioning ceaselessly.


Abstract : Transformational leadership was clarified conceptually in this study by focusing on leader-follower interactions in terms of multiple levels of analysis. Transformational leadership also was examined in comparison to transactional and laissez-faire leadership, and in relation to outcomes of leadership. The focal leaders were 186 United States Navy Officers who were graduates of the United States Naval Academy and on active duty assigned to the surface warfare fleet. Data about the officers were collected from 793 senior subordinates of the officers via a mail survey. Results from Within and Between Analysis (WABA) suggest that, while a few relationships were based on between groups (leaders) differences, the network of relationship was based primarily on individual differences in subordinates' perceptions of leadership and outcomes. As such, an information processing or individual differences rather than between groups or within groups view of transformational leadership seemed more likely. Moreover, transformational leadership as compared to transactional or laissez- faire leadership was related more strongly to subordinates' extra effort and satisfaction with the focal officers and the officers' effectiveness.


Abstract A Bourdieusian analysis of gender relations within political organizations is highly instructive. This kind of analysis might provide insight into the intertwinement of gender and politics by illuminating the construction process of gendered political identities. Drawing upon memoirs written by the members of the left-wing organizations in Turkey and interviews conducted with them, this article argues that the narratives of members of the Turkish left reflect the multidimensional nature of what Pierre Bourdieu called masculine domination.


Presents the design of two macromodels for the 741 op-amp that prove trustworthy in simulating the consequences of high-frequency, large-amplitude sinusoidal voltages that represent EMI (electromagnetic interference) effects and are applied to the input of inverting and noninverting amplifiers. One of the macromodels accounts for power supply voltage change, reproduces correct voltage waveforms at the main nodes of the full circuit, and gives rise to computer time saving factors of 5 or more in comparison with full device-level simulations. The other comprises the minimum number of components necessary to estimate the DC output voltage only and reduces the simulation time by a further factor of about 5. Extensive experimental results were obtained from laboratory measurements and are compared with the numerical simulations. >


As the subject investigated, the planar 2-DOF parallel manipulator with actuation redundancy is treated as non-dimensional structure. The physical model of the solution space, which can reflect the scope in which the geometric parameters change, is presented. Kinematic equation is established, solution to inverse kinematics and velocity Jacobian matrix are given. The global performance indices of the manipulator are defined and calculated. The relationship between link lengths and global performance indices, such as condition number of Jacobian matrix, payload and stiffness are discussed; corresponding atlases are plotted in the physical model of the solution space. According to these atlases, the distribution rule of the three performance indices in the physical model of the solution space is concluded; the better dimension scope of each performance index is made out respectively. Finally, when the three performance indices are considered as the optimum indices simultaneously, the optimal dimension scope is obtained by synthesizing the three dimension scopes. These atlases give a possible path to optimize manipulator using kinematic performance indices. This method also provides a simple and effective way for designing parallel manipulator using computer-aided.


In this work, we investigate surface oxidation on AISI 304 stainless steel using a low-cost engraving system based on a 445 nm diode laser. The treated samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and by Raman spectroscopy. The oxides formed on the steel surface were identified, and the results showed the influence of the operating parameters on the oxidation formation process.


In October 2005, in Port Moresby, Pacific Island leaders adopted the Pacific Plan. Described as 'the master strategy for strengthening regional cooperation and integration in the Pacific', it was greeted with much criticism from academics, non-government organisations (NGOs) and citizens' groups in the region.1 The outcome of an Eminent Persons Group (EPG) set up by the Pacific Islands Forum in 2003, the Pacific Plan was first of all seen as the brainchild of New Zealand, particularly several senior civil servants from New Zealand including Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade personnel, who were part of the team supporting the EPG, were believed to have largely authored it. The plan was criticised for paying lip service to Pacific values and cultures, while primarily endorsing a neoliberal economic agenda that ran counter to Pacific peoples' interests. Critics argued that it failed to address the needs of Pacific people, particularly the poor and marginalised, and was out of touch with the lived realities of Pacific Islanders (Coates 2006, p. 3).


Survival of renal allografts transplanted from (Lewis X Brown Norway) F1 donors to Lewis recipients was prolonged following i.v. pretreatment with single or multiple doses of papain-released specific splenic antigen. The most effective antigen dose was 2 mg/kg given either 1 day or 11, 6, and 1 day pretransplant, but a broader dose range was effective for active enhancement than was found with sonicated splenic antigen. Increased graft-versus-host reactivity of spleen cells from single dose pretreated recipients was predictive of greater than 24 days' survival, whereas antidonor lymphocytotoxic antibody titers did not correlate with survival. Long surviving recipients demonstrated acceptance of donor strain skin grafts and a fall in graft-versus-host reactivity of their spleen cells to normal or subnormal levels.


There are two types of vibration controlling strategies which are passive strategies and active strategies. But one modified strategy was developed known as semi-active vibration control strategy. MR phenomenon was studied. Need of these semi-active devices was explained. Economical, durable and robust MR damper was developed. MR fluid filled beam and MR fluid was prepared. Two types of composite beams are developed and experimented by varying the dimensions of beams, iron particle percentage in magnetorheological fluid, magnetic field at different excitation current. For this composite beam with increase in magnetic field, damping was increased and the frequency shift was observed. Also change in amplitude of vibration


In this paper, a linear function observer controller is applied to the stabilization of the inherently unstable system of coupled inverted pendulums. The system consists of two carts and two pendulums. The two pendulums are coupled mechanically by a spring in order to make the system to be a multivariable model. The control scheme and actual device are described in the paper. The experiments showed excellent performance.


Variations in the biochemical profile of the marine microalga DUl1aliella tertiolecta (Butcher) cultured with different nutrient concentrations and ure a as a nitrogen source. Cultures of the marine microalga Dwwliella tertiolecta were grown in a urea-base d medium, using four nutrient concentrations following a geometrical progression of order 2, expressed as x I, x2, x4 and x8, in order to obtain a maximum biomass production and to find out it s biochemical variability. The nutrient concentration had littl e effect on the growth rate in th e lo gari thmic phase, with values between 0.40 and 0.44 doublings.day-I. Maximum ce llul ar densities of7.53x10 6 and 7.96x106 cells.ml- I were obtained in x2 and x4 cultures (corresponding to 2 and 4 mM of urea). Differences in biochemical composition were found in function of the nutrient concentration. Protein content reached maxi mum values in th e station ary phase in x4 and x8 cultures, with 29.56 and 29.28 pg.ceW I. The maximum value of carbohydrates was obtained in xl cultures, with 14.38 pg.cell- I. Maxi mum lipids per cell were obtained in the statio nary phase in cultures with the higher nutrient concentration asssayed (x8), with 23.12 pg.ceW I. Cultures at the lower nutri ent concentration assayed (xl) showed a nitrogen deficiency, with cell s


Routavaara, H. 2017. Etäteknologiaa sisältävien liikunnallisten kuntoutusinterventioiden vaikuttavuus maksimaaliseen hapenottokykyyn – järjestelmällinen kirjallisuuskatsaus ja metaanalyysi. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä University, Master's thesis of physiotherapy, 38 pages, 10 supplements. Cardiorespitatory fitness is related to many diseases and life expancy. Interventions using distance technology have proven to correlate to physical activity and cardiorespitatory fitness but the scientific evidence of the efficacy of these interventions is insufficient. Maximal oxygen intake or VO2max is commonly used indicator of cardiorespitatory fitness. Maximal oxygen consumption represents the capacity of cardiorespitatory system to transport oxygen to the muscles. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of exercise based rehabilitation interventions using distance technology to the maximal oxygen consumption in adults. The literature search was made to the following databases in October 2015, December 2015, January 2016 and September 2016 (studies from 2000 to 2015): Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), Comprehensive Biomedical Literature Database (EMBASE), National Library of Medicine (Ovid MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Behavioral and Social Science Research (PsycINFO). Supplementary search was made in February 2017 to National Library of Medicine (Ovid MEDLINE) database (studies from 1996 to 2016). PICO technique (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) was used to set the inclusion criteria. P) adults (≥18 years to 64 years); I) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies, that included distance technology in exercise based rehabilitation; C) exercice based traditional or minimal rehabilitation without distance technology; O) variables that represent measured maximal oxygen consumption. The quality of the studies was reviewed using Furlan-approach (2015). The data was analysed using in meta-analysis method using Review Manager 5.3 program. The degree of evidence was evaluated using Käypä hoito recommendations. 8 RCT-studies were included in the review. There were 848 (n=848) study subjects in total of which 68 % were male. Age average of the study subjects was 59,2 (13,4) years. In six of the studies the participants were heart patients, in one dialysis patients and in one healthy young males with low level of physical activity. The interventions of the study groups were exercise interventions using distance technology supervised by health care professionals. The distance technologies used in the studies were internet, telephone, pedometer, heart rate monitor, remote monitoring device and interactive video game. Control groups received exercise interventions without distance technology or traditional care alone. The outcome variables were maximal oxygen consumption or maximal aerobic power using maximal or submaximal testing protocol. The interventions in the stydy groups using distance technology were as effective in improving the maximal oxygen consumption as the interventions executed without distance technology (p = 0,57; SMD -0,05; 95 % confidence interval -0,24; 0,13) or traditional care alone (p = 0,11; SMD 0,34; 95 % confidence interval -0,08; 0,76). The quality of the studies was 6/13 using Furlan (2015) method. The degree of evidence was C. The rehabilitation using distance technology seems to be as effective as rehabilitation without distance technology or traditional care alone in improving maximal oxygen consumption, but novel studies might change this estimation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usability of distance technologies in rehabilitation in terms of efficiency.


Global optimization of optical system designs is difficult because of the complex solution space and extreme non- linearity of system performance with respect to design parameters. Genetic algorithms (GA's) have been used to effectively solve complex non-linear optimizations in other fields of science. GA's model each design parameter as part of a genetic code for an imaginary creature, and the system performance is interpreted to be the fitness for survival of this creature. The GA's goal is to improve the system performance by selective breeding of simulated creatures to yield simulated offspring with desirable traits. An algorithm for doing this along with results will be presented.


This article aims to show the characterization of the struggles and the ways in which emotions are revealed in the movements of indigenous youth in the city of Cali-Colombia, specifically in the Nasa and Misak communities. This research, which uses qualitative tools, involved the application of in-depth interviews and participant observation of young members of the indigenous movement in the city, all of them migrants. Some of theresults show that emotions, which can be considered political, such as shame, indignation, and pride, are devices that support or impede mobilization. These emotions strengthen their various forms of protest, consolidate their epistemological struggles, and preserve the essence of their identity through collectively achieved political processes.


More casualty actuaries would employ the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) if they understood it better. In addition to the many fine papers on the DFT, this paper might be regarded as just one more introduction. However, the topic uniquely explained herein is how the DFT treats the probability of amounts that overflow its upper bound, a topic that others either have not noticed or have deemed of little importance. The cyclical overflow originates in the modular arithmetic whereby the DFT evaluates characteristic functions. To understand this is to attain a deeper understanding of the DFT, which may lead to its wider use.


Retrofit projects are different from newly-built projects in many respects. A retrofit project involves an existing building, which imposes constraints on the owners, designers, operators and constructors throughout the project process. Retrofit projects are risky, complex, less predictable and difficult to be well planned, which need greater coordination. For office building retrofit project, further restrictions will apply as these buildings often locate in CBD areas and most have to remain operational during the progression of project work. Issues such as site space, material storage and handling, noise and dust, need to be considered and well addressed. In this context, waste management is even more challenging with small spaces for waste handling, uncertainties in waste control, and impact of waste management activities on project delivery and building occupants.

Current literatures on waste management in office building retrofit projects focus on increasing waste recovery rate based on project planning, monitoring and stakeholders' collaboration. However, previous research has not produced knowledge of understanding the particular retrofit processes and their impact on waste generation and management. This paper discusses the interim results of a continuing research on new strategies for waste management in office building retrofit projects. Firstly based on the literature review, it summarizes the unique characteristics of office building retrofit projects and their influence on waste management. An assumption on waste management strategies is formed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted towards industry practitioners and findings are then presented in the paper. The assumption of the research was validated in the interviews from the opinions and experiences of the respondents. Finally the research develops a process model for waste management in office building retrofit projects. It introduces two different waste management strategies. For the dismantling phase, waste is generated fast along with the work progress, so integrated planning for project delivery and waste generation is needed in order to organize prompt handling and treatment. For the fit-out phase, the work is similar as new construction. Factors which are particularly linked to generating waste on site need to be controlled and monitored.

Continuing research in this space will help improve the practice of waste management in office building retrofit projects. The new strategies will help promote the practicality of project waste planning and management and stakeholders' capability of coordinating waste management and project delivery.


The pos si bil ity of ex press ing the to tal par ti cle and en ergy re flec tion co ef fi cients of low-en ergy pho tons in the form of uni ver sal func tions valid for dif fer ent shield ing ma te ri als is in ves ti gated in this pa per. The anal y sis is based on the re sults of Monte Carlo sim u la tions of pho ton re flec tion by us ing MCNP, FOTELP, and PENELOPE codes. The nor mal in ci dence of the nar row monoenergetic pho ton beam of the unit in ten sity and of ini tial en er gies from 20 keV up to 100 keV is considered, and par ti cle and en ergy re flec tion co ef fi cients from the plane ho mog e nous tar gets of wa ter, alu mi num, and iron are de ter mined and com pared. The rep re sen ta tions of albedo co ef fi cients on the ini tial pho ton en ergy, on the prob a bil ity of large-an gle pho ton scat ter ing, and on the mean num ber of pho ton scatterings are ex am ined. It is found out that only the rescaled albedo co ef fi cients de pend ent on the mean num ber of pho ton scatterings have the form of uni ver sal func tions and these func tions are de ter mined by ap ply ing the least square method.


In this research, externally acquired knowledge was used to study the process of forming new organizational routines. Specifically, based on Huber's (1991) organization learning process, we analyzed the theory of knowledge absorption capacity and stickiness of information. We conducted a case study of F company, which acquired knowledge through M & A, and in the course of that process, we learned about the organization and clarified the process formed in the organizational routine of new product development. This study of organization learning was mainly simulation verified and makes a theoretical contribution to the concrete execution of analysis using actual corporate cases.


A listing of the rare book and other special collections held in the Auchmuty Library. Reta Light was one of the Library's major benefactors. These works were purchased with funds from the Light Bequest.


In this work we present a mathematical model for the description of the dynamical and thermodynamical evolution of a system consisting of an icefield locally underlaid by a subglacial lake occupying a bed depression. The representation of the phase change ice-water is the clue of the model. The numerical solution is based on a finite volume technique. The related computational code is tested to describe a portion of the Amundsenisen Icefield, southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, where the existence of subglacial lake has been hypothesized. Our numerical simulations yield results consistent with the existence of the conjectured subglacial lake within environmental conditions corresponding to measured data.
The contribution of upper layers of firn and snow to the system is shown to be non-negligible in the modelling, as it supports ice to overcome its metastable state, to change into liquid phase and, then, to form the subglacial lake.
Consistently with the literature, our numerical simulations pointed out that lake cavity depth (or, better, the bottom surface area) is critical for the formation of the lake, being directly proportional to the amount of geothermal heat coming in. The modelling of ice water content and ice sliding on bedrock are presently object of further investigation.


The etiology of Rett syndrome (RS) remains a mystery. The clinical phenotype has similarities to that of patients with mitochondria1 defects of oxidative metabolism. There is evidence of lactate and pyruvate elevations in blood and CSF in some patients. Oves the last 10 years we have studied girIs with RS looking for evidence of a defect in oxidative metabolism. We present data on lactate and pyruvate blood measurements in 30 patients with RS with repeated measurements performed over time in many. Taken as a whole the means of measurements of lactate and pyruvate fall within the control range, however, individual have marked elevation of both lactate and pyruvate with considerable fluctuation over time.


Supercapacitors (SCs) are recognized by high power densities and significantly higher cyclic stability compared to batteries. However, the energy density in SCs should be improved for better applications and commercialization. This could be achieved by developing materials characterized by such porous structures as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal chalcogenides in the electrodes' materials. Herein, the recent advances in MOF derived from metal sulfides and selenides as electrode materials for SCs are reviewed and discussed. Strategies such as adopting core-shell structures, carbon-coating, and doping, which are used to promote the electrochemical performances of these MOF-based materials, are presented. Additionally, the progress in developing S-doped MOF-derived catalysts for the oxidation-reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode of fuel cells is also reviewed. In addition, the challenges and future research trends are summarized in this minireview.


In this paper, a novel grouping scheme of the basis functions within the framework of the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method is proposed for creating a block-sparse structure for the near-matrix, and then FFT-based method with near-matrix compression is established for the efficient analysis of multiscale problems. For a multiscale problem, if an FFT-based method is required to maintain both higher efficiency and higher accuracy at calculating the far interactions, then the near-matrix will be inevitably very large. Compared with the traditional FFT-based method, the proposed method can significantly reduce the near-matrix memory requirement without increasing the time spent. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness and the efficiency of the proposed method.


alliterative verse can now avail himself or herself of a substantial body of scholarship on the metrical rules and norms that poets in this tradition followed. That scholarship is duly cited in the bibliography, and the introduction also says something about the alliterative patterns that occur in the poem (aa/ax and variations thereof), citing Hoyt N. Duggan as the authority. However, there is not much evidence that this scholarship has actually informed the editing process. If it had, it would have been clear, for instance, that at line 44, "For ther the fest was ilyche ful fiften days," the metrical caesura falls after the second alliterative stave "ful," and that the line means, not "For there was the feast kept up continuously, fully fifteen days," but "'For the feast there was a plenary one throughout, fifteen days long." The point is confirmed by the poet's linguistic usage: he only uses "ilyche" adverbially before an adjective. Duggan's work on b-verse meter has also fallen on barren ground: unmetrical b-verses are reproduced uncritically, and even where knowledge of the poet's metrical system would have supported Battles's decisions (as in his correct emendation of the manuscript reading at l. 1293, "hit gos in mynde," to "hit gos not in mynde"), Battles shows no awareness of it. My own collaborative work on alliterative meter (Ad Putter, Judith Jefferson, and Myra Stokes, Studies in the Metre of Alliterative Verse [2007]) is also listed on the bibliography, but I struggle to see why, since none of its findings seem to have been considered. Another manifestation of this lack of critical judgment is the reluctance to adjudicate between alternative readings and interpretations. Battles's usual solution is to leave decisions up to the reader. That is fine if the interpretations that are canvassed are plausible, but that is not always the case. Of the Green knight, for example, Battles writes: "Some critics have seen him as a vestigial fertility deity" (p. 21). Other critics, however, have challenged this view (see, e.g., Bella Millett, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 38 [1994]), and it simply is not the case that both views are equally valid. With regard to textual matters, the same "even-handedness" prevails. For instance, the note on "wynne" in "On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he settes / with wynne" (ll. 14–15) reads: "Wynne can denote either 'strife,' 'conflict,' or 'joy,' 'happiness.' The word probably puns on Felix Brutus." But if there is a pun on wynne in Felix, then surely the word must mean "joy," "happiness"; moreover, the word win—in the sense of "strife" or "toil"—was no longer in use after the thirteenth century (see MED, s.v. win, n.1). At line 1937, "saverly" is glossed as "confidently," with a footnote "Or, possibly, 'with as much relish' (MED, s.v. saverli and savourli)," but the first possibility is remote (MED's saverli is only attested in one poem, in the formula "that may I safely say"), while the latter makes better contextual sense (see Jill Mann, Essays in Criticism, 36 [1986]). The article by Mann and many other items can be found in a full bibliography at the end of the edition. Ad Putter University of Bristol


A staggered filtration system suitable for use in fluid processing is disclosed. A method of using a staggered filtration system to process fluids, such as oils, edible oils, fats, and similar materials, is also disclosed.


In order to learn in dynamic environments, reinforcement learning algorithms like Q-learning, TD(0)-learning, TD(λ)-learning have been proposed. however, most of them have a drawback of very slow learning because the reinforcement value is given when they reach their goal state. In this thesis, we have proposed a reinforcement learning method that can approximate fast to the goal state in maze environments. The proposed reinforcement learning method is separated into global learning and local learning, and then it executes learning. Global learning is a learning that uses the replacing eligibility trace method to search the goal state. In local learning, it propagates the goal state value that has been searched through global learning to neighboring sates, and then searches goal state in neighboring states. we can show through experiments that the reinforcement learning method proposed in this thesis can find out an optimal solution faster than other reinforcement learning methods like Q-learning, TD(o)learning and TD(λ)-learning.


A low-profile omnidirectional dual-polarised antenna for 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The vertically/horizontally dual-polarised radiation patterns are achieved by combining a modified monopole antenna with a printed arc dipole array. The overall volume of the presented antenna is less than 0.63 λ 0 × 0.63 λ 0 × 0.057 λ 0 ( λ 0 is the free-space wavelength at central frequency). To verify the design, a prototype antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the -10 dB impedance bandwidths for vertical polarisation (VP) and horizontal polarisation (HP) have both covered the required band of 2.4-2.48 GHz and the isolation, in the operating band, is more than 24 dB. The measured cross-polarisation levels within the working plane for VP and HP are lower than -18 dB. Stable antenna gains are greater than 0.46 and 0.44 dBi for VP and HP over the operating frequency band, respectively.


The evolution and release of hydrogen in the course of hypothetical severe accidents in light water reactors is seen to be a potential cause of early containment failure due to possible follow-on reactions in the containment. The cause of concern is the volume of hydrogen produced in the zirconium-water interaction of fuel cladding tubes and structural materials in the reactor core As a result of deflagration processes and transfer processes, respectively, from deflagration to detonation, this hydrogen can cause local pressure peaks which exceed the containment design basis. For this reason, the phenomena of hydrogen generation, distribution, and reactions have been studied worldwide for a number of decades, and concepts are being developed for controlling this situation. In Germany and in other European countries, the concepts pursued comprise the use of recombiners and ignition devices or a combination of both systems. These systems are being planned for backfitting into existing nuclear power plants and for installation in the European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) under development. Since the mid-nineties, several research programs have been devoted to this topic within the framework of joint European reactor safety research. Activities are concentrated on hydrogen generation, hydrogen distribution, the effectiveness of recombiners as well as turbulent combustion and the transition from deflagration to detonation, among others.


On the basis of tested data, the performance of NMOSFETs with PDA treatment in drive current, S.S. values and channel mobility is superior to that with DPN treatment. Comparing two nitridation treatment processes at the same annealing temperature, it seems that PDA proving the hydrogen to fix the dangling bond on the channel surface is more beneficial for device performance before the reliability test. Furthermore, the capability in healing of oxygen vacancy of gate dielectric is little better than that with DPN, illustrating in lower gate leakage, especially as the channel length is narrowed down.


The electric vehicle's history offers a lesson to the wise: Harvesting the fruits of basic science requires industrial foresight, investment, and a healthy dose of realpolitik.


This study aims to investigate the effects of human resources cost on the profitability of banks in Nigeria from 2010 – 2014 using First Bank Nigeria, Plc and Zenith bank Nig. Plc. The study adopted content method of analysis and linear regression model to test the stated hypotheses. Findings revealed that staff cost significantly affects Earnings per share, Net profit margin, and Return on capital employed of banks. The researchers recommend, among other things, that there should be an uniformed standard for identification and measurement of human capital assets.


Scientists at Rice University, Houston, Tex., have developed a single instrument that can measure electrons and protons over the energy range of 50 to 100 000 eV. Code named SPECS (Switched Proton Electron Channeltron Spectrometer) the device is suitable for space missions because of its small mass (0.9 or 1.6 kg) and low power requirements (about 1 watt). 18‐point differential‐energy‐spectrum measurements for both electrons and protons include parts of the lower ends of the spectra that have been relatively neglected by plasma and penetrating‐radiation physicists.


Post-medieval shipwrecks are rich repositories of archaeological evidence with closed and closely integrated contexts. Their value is often enhanced by extensive documentary material. Viewed on its own terms, such evidence, though often of great interest, can lead to an over-particularist approach. Set into wider contexts, however, shipwrecks can be regarded as wide-ranging paradigms of the societies to which they belong, and approaches to their study directed accordingly. This paper seeks to demonstrate the benefits of combining particularist and generalist methodologies to the investigation of shipwrecks, with reference to the study of artillery, measuring techniques, and pottery from wrecks of the 1588 Spanish Armada, and of structural evidence from the wreck of a small seventeenth-century AD English warship.


Abstract Cellular processes often decline with age and cells lose their ability to function optimally, which may lead to organ-specific dysfunction and the development of systemic age-related diseases. The cellular hallmarks of aging are associated with clinical signs and symptoms and can be termed Age Associated Cellular Decline. An expert consensus study group was convened to provide an initial framework for the development of a tool for adults over 50 years old, which identifies self-reported symptoms and observable signs likely to be early and/or surrogate markers of age associated cellular decline. A total of 16 potential early signs and symptoms of age associated cellular decline were identified and need to be validated in further research.


Disclosed is an electric discharge machining method in which the electric discharge working gap between an electrode and a work piece to be machined is automatically adjusted. To detect the condition of the discharge working gap, a low voltage pulse is applied each time a plurality of high voltage pulse for electric discharge machining are applied for a predetermined time. The working current resulting from the application of each low voltage pulse is detected to control the feeding of the electrode and thereby to automatically adjust the discharge working gap to a predetermined value.


e23215Background: FDG-PET/CT is widely used for the detection of primary breast cancer and metastasis, although its clinical significance is somewhat restricted to appropriate higher-risk populatio...


Violence still often occurs both in the school environment and outside the school. Women have always been the victims of violence perpetrated by men because women are considered inferior beings. Jay Asher's novel Thirteen Reasons Why (2017) tells about thirteen reasons why Hannah Baker committed suicide, which were told in a recording. The researcher aimed to analyze the violence that Hannah Baker suffered in this study and the way she was affected by the violent acts using the theory of violence developed by Galtung (1990). The main data were obtained from Jay Asher's novel entitled Thirteen Reasons Why in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. After the data had been collected, the researcher started to classify them. The results revealed that Hannah experienced psychological, physical, and sexual violence. She was also treated very badly by people in her surroundings; one of whom even raped her. Thus, in the end she committed suicide because she could not bear the pressure in her life. The readers should comprehend the risks of teen stress and violence by examining the main topic and data, as experienced by Hannah Baker. For future studies, the researcher's suggestion was to use other viewpoints from the book and other theories of violence.


Using Pinus elliottii plantation standard ground materials,selecting Korf equation,the parameter was solved with the immune evolutionary algorithm,the site quality was divided to build the stand stocking,average dbh,average height and trees number factor models,in accordance with the functional relationship between the variables and growth and growth rate definitions,Pinus elliottii plantation empirical harvest table was prepared,which provided a quantitative basis for the growth and harvest estimates.


The dispersed character of settlement, the small size of places and the poor communications in mountain areas, particularly the Greater Caucasus in the Georgian SSR, poses serious problems in the development of services. On the one hand, the small population size of mountain settlements rules out the provision of basic services, such as schools and health facilities in every village; on the other hand, the absence of transport services prevents mountain residents from using a full set of basic services in central places. An optimal combination of a reconstruction of rural settlement patterns and the development of transport services is proposed. Priority needs to be given to the elimination of populated places at the highest elevations, in effect lowering the limit of settlement from 2,400 meters to 2,000–2,200 meters, and villages in the most remote locations. However, some services, such as medical facilities, are best provided in central places and require improvement of transportation.


A solenoid device for a shift lever is provided which comprises a coil body having an opening therein and a coil wound around this. A core is mounted on the outside of the coil body surrounding an end portion of the opening, and is magnetized by a current applied to the coil. A piston moves along the inside of the aperture and is magnetized by the current. A shaft is inserted therein and passes through the piston, and a buffer member is disposed at one end of the exposed by the piston shaft. An elastic member is disposed between the buffer member and an end of the opening. The piston moves due to united forces to the core, which are achieved by combining forces that are exerted in a direction of movement of the piston by a signal generated by the current magnetic field and attraction forces that are generated vertically between the piston and the core.