ABSTRACT This essay explores the philosophical insights of Zhu Xi, Wang YangMing, Kant, and Husserl and therefore proposes a new epistemic constructivism. It demonstrates that a knowing mind is a constructor, not merely a mirror-like copier or a camera-like copier in the experience of knowing. It argues that just as different kinds of machine produce kinds of product of different qualities, different kinds of mind produce different kinds of knowledge; to know X is to construct belief and understanding of X that has truth. Therefore, while Kant correctly indicated that before we set out to know things in the world, we should inquire what the mind can know, Confucian masters profoundly suggest that in order to know things in the world and know better, we should constantly expand our mind to the extent that it is broad(博), great(大), refined(精)and profound (深)so that our mind can know millions of things in the world.


In 1989 teflubenzuron, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis in immature insects, was applied with a helicopter at a dosage recommended for grasshopper control (16.4 g active ingredient/ha [g a. i./ha]), and three reduced dosages (5.3, 4,8 and 2.3 g a.i./ha). Three dosages were applied on small replicated plots (12 ha), and another dosage (4.8 g a. i./ha) was applied on a large plot (400 ha). In the small plots grasshopper nymphs and imagoes were monitored by sweep net sampling and line counts, respectively. Non‐target arthropods in the herb layer and at ground level were monitored by sweep net sampling and pitfall traps, respectively. In the large plot grasshopper nymphs were monitored by sweep net sampling. Grasshoppers were strongly affected by all dosages. Instars 1–3 and instar 4 nymphs were most affected, and the low dosages were more effective than the recommended dosage on all instars. Non‐target arthropods in the herb layer were generally not affected by teflubenzuron, while ground living springtails, silverfish, beetle larvae and housebuilding butterfly larvae were reduced with about 50 %, although generally not significantly. It is recommended that lower dosages of teflubenzuron replace the higher ones recommended at present.


Subject. This article focuses on the oilfield service market and innovative development mechanisms for Oil & Gas in particular.
Objectives. The study provides the rationale for leasing as a practical mechanism for encouraging the innovative activity of Oil & Gas companies.
Methods. The study is based on methods of the analysis, systematization, comparison and matching.
Results. We report on the analysis of the development of the oilfield service market as a crucial constituent of the oil and gas industry. The article presents indicators and trends in the development of the oil and gas market worldwide and in Russia. We describe distinctions of the oilfield service market, classify key lines of activities in the industry. The article spotlights key issues of the oilfield service market and displays the current factors shaping trends in the oilfield market development. We analyzed innovation indicators in the industry, the applicable lease schemes, and classified lease companies operating in the oil and gas market.
Conclusions and Relevance. The predominance of short-term contracts turns to be a key issue of the oil and gas industry, since companies cannot be assured that technical retrofitting costs be repaid and justified. There should be further research into the practical potential, expanded development and practical guidelines for leasing schemes in the oilfield service market, which will push the innovative activity of companies operating in the industry.


With the advancement of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, autonomous approaches are recognized to have great potential for performing more efficient scattering experiments. In our view, it is crucial for such approaches to provide thorough evidence about respective performance improvements in order to increase acceptance within a scientific community. Therefore, we propose a benchmarking procedure designed as a cost-benefit analysis that is applicable to any scattering method sequentially collecting data during an experiment. For a given approach, the performance assessment is based on how much benefit, given a certain cost budget, it is able to acquire in predefined test cases. Different approaches thus get a chance for comparison and can make their advantages explicit and visible. Key components of the procedure, i.e., cost measures, benefit measures, and test cases, are made precise for the setting of three-axes spectrometry (TAS) as an illustration. Finally, we discuss neglected aspects and possible extensions for the TAS setting and comment on the procedure's applicability to other scattering methods. A Python implementation of the procedure to simplify its utilization by interested researchers from the field is also provided.


2–4 ] Funda-mental studies concerning the nature and velocity of cellular dynamics also require an exact knowledge of the intracellular temperature, as it plays a relevant role in the rates at which cell division and enzyme reactions take place. Fundamental processes, such as adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis, can be also monitored by thermal imaging due to the presence of signifi cant thermogenesis.


According to wide definition of rhetoric, each text can be labeled as rhetorical in one way or another. The differentia specifica of Lucretius' rhetoric, or the rhetoric of Epicurus, as opposed to the rhetoric of other texts, lies in the specific purpose for which the two authors used traditional techniques of text composition. Thus the rhetorical elements used for the purpose of explanation in DRN also function as cognitive and mnemonic aids for the reader. Lucretius' Epicurean edifice is a highly hierarchical and rich structure, and yet reducible to the simple principle of the movement of atoms in void. The ultimate goal of Epicurus' and Lucretius' rhetoric of explanation was to change the life of the individual. Rhetorical techniques are still used for the transmission of knowledge, but in modern scholarship devotion to particular ethical goals is no longer a matter of central importance.Keywords: DRN; Epicurus; Lucretius; rhetoric


The utility model discloses an electronic system package structure, which is composed of a substrate, a plurality of passive electronic components, a universal sequential bus controller nude crystal, a memory package chip and a shell body. The substrate is provided with an upper surface, a lower surface which is opposite to the upper surface, a connecting circuit which is formed on the upper surface and a plurality of terminals which are formed on the lower surface and are electrically connected to the connecting circuit, a plurality of terminals can accord with standards of the universal serial bus, and a plurality of passive electronic components which adhere to the upper surface of the substrate can be electrically connected to the connecting circuit; the universal serial bus controller nude crystal which can adhere to the upper surface can be electrically connected to connecting circuit, and a plurality of passive electronic components and the universal sequential bus controller nude crystal are coated by insulating material; the memory package chip which can adhere to the upper surface of the substrate can be electrically connected to the connecting circuit, and the substrate is fixed in the shell body, so as to make a plurality of terminals on the substrate lower surface be exposed.


and nursing. It is written by a psychiatrist who has the gift of lucidity and who possesses sound judgment. It affords an excellent opportunity for the medical student to supplement his otherwise meagre training in psychological medicine, can be highly recommended for the postgraduate who is not an expert in this specialty and mental nurses will benefit in particular by the advice given on general psychiatric nursing and on special procedures. All such readers will find that Dr. Stallworthy's aim to present ' a practical account of what is likely to matter to them' has been admirably achieved. They must remember, however, that there is an additional unmentioned aspect of growing importance, namely, community care.


The present invention provides a method of producing the oxynitride phosphor in which the main component a sialon between α-, phosphor with a blue LED to realize a high luminance of a white LED as a light source. ? The invention enteral density 0.16 g / ㎤ 0.22 g / ㎤ amorphous comprises a silicon nitride powder, and the product of the formula


Human activity has changed natural resources in dramatic ways. In order to fight this fierce degradation, there is a great need of geographic information systems oriented to environmental monitoring. Society must track the real situation of its natural environmental resources, an action which can be accomplished by selecting important objects to be monitored, by measuring their characteristics or attributes, and by analyzing all the data using mathematical models, statistics, simulation and other tools. There is some standard, goal or desired situation for the behavior of an environmental system and, opposing this standard, the data originated from the real world must be compared. Data to be collected are of different kinds and geographically dispersed, caught by sensors disposed on specific hardware, known as Data Acquisition Systems. Thus, we present an Object-Oriented Model, based on geo-processed data, which could be considered as a framework for any kind of control information system focused on environmental processes. This model is Internet-oriented, meaning that data to be collected can be geographically distributed. After being captured, data are sent, via Internet, to specifics Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) to be stored. This raw data can be disseminated, also via Internet, to researchers or other interested individuals. Some analysis will be done with the spatial data stored in the DBMS before being presented to users. If, for various reasons, these data remain within unsafe concentration limits, some processes will be trigged in order to avoid environmental damages to air, soil or water. With this framework, models could also be developed for different kinds of ecosystems and archived in a specific database aiming at being reused later. A Java based prototype was developed to show the model functionalities.


The finite element method is used for study of the 2–component heteregoneous samples. The effective permittivity of the grainy 2–component sample can be described by the linear rational functions. The random texture of irregular clusters is better described by the mixing formulas of the Lichtenecker or logarithmic type.


Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems are innovative cogeneration systems that ensure the cooling of photovoltaic (PV) backside and simultaneous production of electricity and heat. However, an effective cooling of the PV back is still a challenge that affects electrical and thermal performance of the PV/T system. In the present work, a PV/T numerical model is developed to simulate the heat flux based on energy balance implemented in MATLAB software. The numerical model is validated through the comparison of the three-layer PV model with the NOCT model and tested under the operation conditions of continental temperate climate. Moreover, the effect of velocity and water film thickness as important flow parameters on heat exchange and PV/T production is numerically investigated. Results revealed that the PV model is in good agreement with the NOCT one. An efficient heat transfer is obtained while increasing the velocity and water film thickness with optimal values of 0.035 m/s and 7 mm, respectively, at an inlet temperature of 20 °C. The PV/T system ensures a maximum thermal power of 1334.5 W and electrical power of 316.56 W (258.8 W for the PV). Finally, the comparison between the PV and PV/T system under real weather conditions showed the advantage of using the PV/T.


The paper delineates the distribution, communication and price transmission along the supply chain. Pangasius was mainly produced and supplied from state of Andhra Pradesh to several states in India. The major share of Pangasius traded to West Bengal (73.29%) and Maharashtra (16.4%) and hence the study was restricted to these two states. The three marketing channels were identified (A, B and C) and the major volume was transacted through the channel (B). The stakeholders identified in marketing were farmers, broker, transporters, packers, ice providers, wholesalers, secondary wholesalers and retailers. Exchange of information among actors, was mainly focused on quality, quantity, prices, time of delivery and arrangements with supporting intermediaries. The every intermediary added a cost and moved it further to respective stakeholder after earning some returns. In channel (B), the profit of wholesalers and retailers was Rs. 3.08 and Rs. 6.85 per Kg, respectively whereas in channel (C), primary wholesaler, secondary wholesaler and retailer realised profit in rupees per kg of Rs. 2.31, Rs. 4.5 and Rs. 8.15, respectively. Channel (A) had shown direct sell to consumers. Price spread reflects Channel (B) (Rs. 31.2/Kg) was efficient than (C) (Rs. 34.95/ Kg). Farmers opined that negligible local demand compelled farmers to sell Pangasius in distant market. Promotion of Pangasius consumption in home state and nearby states will go a long way in improving local demand and to ensure better prices. This may realise sustainable development of Pangasius in India. keywords: Pangasius, Andhra Pradesh, Supply Chain, Schematic Diagram.


In the contribution remains of Middle Eocene crabs of species Lophoranina marestiana (König, 1825) from envi-rons of the small village of ]opi near Pi}an in central Istria, Croatia, are considered. Remains of their carapaces were found in Lutetian carbonates occuring within the thick Paleogene flysch beds sequence. Individuals of the mentioned taxon are relatively abundant of skeletons and casts of smaller and larger organisms of diverse paleon-tological groups.


The present article is a revised version of a paper presented at the conference State Religion and Folk Belief held in 1998 at the University of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is in response to the questions formulated by Dr. James D. Tracy about the relationship between state-sanctioned religion and popular belief. Should these two forms of belief be treated as antagonistic, or are they complementary forms of common devotion? If neither of the two extreme views is adequate, then what can be said of the links between the two forms of spiritual response to the challenges of the environment? I would like to comment on this dilemma from the perspective of an anthropologist with 25 years of research experience in the Russian Far North among the indigenous population of Chukotka, Kamchatka and eastern Yakutia. The situation I describe here is peculiar because, in this case, the state religion was introduced into the area from outside by an ethnically and culturally different group, and clashes with the indigenous set of "popular beliefs."


The Cham people who are now the minority ethnic in Vietnam speaks with the language familiar used as others Malay groups but differ in their written language. Cham Script inscriptions appear on Dong Yen Chau stone stele (Tra Kieu) in 4th century and the Cham are using this script system until today. Ensuring the preservation of Cham language, this study intended to design a tool to convert the EFEO Cham Latin in Malay system to Cham Akhar Thrah. The method used is by converting Latin EFEO into intermediate characters code followed by assigning it to Akhar Thrah backwards. Cham font conversion application has been created, which has carried out a number of technical requirements, and content conversion ensures correct in vocabulary, semantics and grammar. In this experiment we have checked the accuracy percentage of three Cham poems and results Ariya Cam Bini 100% (n=1823); Ariya Gleng Anak 99.88% (n=2459); Nai Mai Mang Makah 100% (n=2523). Cham font conversion is necessary and meaningful in conservation of Cham script. It will be used in schools, institutions in the country and overseas as well as assist in teaching and learning Cham language.


In this study, we have analyzed new data sets of pattern collapse obtained from 300 mm wafers which were coated with a process-of-record (POR) EUV resist and exposed by an EUV Alpha-Demo tool (ADT) and a Vistec VB300 e-beam exposure tool. In order to minimize any processing effects on pattern collapse, the same POR EUV track process was applied to both exposures. A key metric of our analysis is the critical aspect ratio of collapse (CARC)1. We found that CARC of POR EUV resist decreases monotonically with spacing, in the range of ~1.8-2.2 at ~32-54 nm space (60-80 nm pitch) for EUV, and ~1.5-2.1 at ~16-50 nm space (~46-80 nm pitch) for e-beam. We also estimated an apparent Young's modulus of POR EUV resist by fitting a collapse model2 to the CARC data. The resulting modulus ~0.30 GPa was much smaller than the modulus of typical polymer glasses (~1.0-5.0 GPa). Our findings suggest that due to a significant decrease of resist mechanical properties and a sharp increase in capillary force, it will be challenging to maintain aspect ratios above 2.0 for sub-30 nm resist spacing (sub-60 nm pitches). For patterning at these dimensions, alternate processes and materials will become increasingly necessary, e.g. surfactant-based rinse solutions3 and other approaches.


In many manufacturing systems human resources are essential in some cognitive intensive tasks while the more repetitive ones are assigned to automatic systems. If on the one hand, automation has a deterministic pace; humans are known by a flexible and variable work manner. Therefore, a reliable description of both hardware and human components is required for designing such manufacturing systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the variable throughput of a manual process in a production flow that contains automatic processes upstream and downstream. With regard to the description of human behavior, two sources of variability were considered: natural and abnormal variability. Natural variability refers to the differences in terms of processing times that can be found among individuals. Organizational aspects such delays in shift changing and breaks along the shift, are referred as abnormal variability, and were also investigated by means of an analytical and simulation models.


Abstract : The amount of corticosterone in the blood from the adrenal gland in rats, after irradiation, gradually declines to zero by the third hour, and is then gradually restored. By 15-17 hours after irradiation, the content of corticosterone is 60 percent that of the control level, and within a day it has exceeded the control by 35 percent, becoming normalized on the second day. The injection of ACTH into the rats within three hours after irradiation, during the period in which corticosterone is not found in the adrenal blood, induces secretion of this hormone by the adrenals. The amount of corticosterone in the blood reaches control levels.


The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site in the cell for protein folding and trafficking.When triggered by many stress, cells launch a serious of response called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) characteristic intermittent hypoxia can induce ERS.Recently the function of ERS in multisystem damage caused by OSAHS attract more and more attention.In this article, we will review the association of intermittent hypoxia and ERS.

Key words:
Intermittent hypoxia; Endoplasmic reticulum stress


METHODS: Twenty-two (nmale=10, nfemale=12; 23.2±3.4 yrs old, 67.8±3.28 kg, 158.5±26.07 cm) actively running (>30 min/session, 3-5 sessions/wk @ moderate-high intensity) subjects volunteered for participation. Subjects were randomly assigned to control (C) or experimental (E) groups. Pre-testing for C and E groups involved 4-min RE tests at 2.68 m/sec and 3.13 m/sec separated by 3-min of rest. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was continuously monitored during each test and the final 1-min was used for analysis. Following pre-testing, C and E groups were told to maintain normal exercise activity while the E group performed supplemental HS exercises for 4-wks, 3 sessions/wk. Hip stabilization exercises included side lying leg raises with external hip rotation, abducted hip flexion and extension, and standing hip hikes. All HS exercises were performed without supplemental resistance for 2 sets x 20 reps per leg. Post-testing was identical to pre-testing. A 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA was used to determine significant pre-post differences in RE between and within groups.


Recent writings convey the impression that pregnant syphilitic women tolerate arsenical therapy well.1In fact, the fear of serious reaction to the intravenous treatment of these patients with the arsphenamines has become so remote that some authorities recommend this prophylactic procedure for the unborn child, even "on suspicion" that the prospective mother may be diseased.2McCord,3who has apparently never seen a serious treatment reaction or death in the medical supervision of more than 2,000 syphilitic pregnant women, remarks that "such therapy seems to be safe for the mother." The Cooperative Clinical Group, with Cole4as spokesman, feels that, regardless of antecedent therapy, in order to insure the birth of a healthy child it is desirable to treat intensively throughout each pregnancy every woman who has ever had syphilis, whether the serologic tests of the blood for syphilis are positive or negative or the infection is


Microstructural investigations with transmission electron microscopy were carried out on quenched Ni-Ti alloys with 52 and 54.5 at% Ni. For the Ni 52 Ti 48 specimen long time exposed diffraction patterns of a single grain show besides the expected reflections of the B2-phase, two sets of extra reflections in different zones. The first type of spots is explained by lattice displacement waves, which are regarded as precursors of the martensitic Ni-Ti phases, B 19' and R-phase, respectively. The second set of reflection with more diffuse intensity than the other reflections is related to Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates in an early state of formation. For the Ni-richer Ni 54.5 Ti 45.5 alloy only Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates in an early state of formation are found but no precursors of the B19'- and R-phase.


The aims of this study was to assess the behavior of innovative C37M (CANDU 37 Modified) nuclear fuel bundle project with 37 elements, containing mixed oxides of Thorium and Uranium fuel by means of ELESIM-TORIU computer code developed in Fuel Performances Evaluation Department from RATEN ICN Pitesti, based on the original ELESIM computer code. Fuel performance analysis suggested by the evaluation of temperature sensitive parameters such as: fission gas release, internal pressure and plastic sheath strain, etc., indicates a slight elevation of nearly 3%, due to a correspondent elevation of linear power output. Beginning from this result, the increase of discharged burnup and a more efficient utilization of fissile material was revealed, proving the efficiency increase of this fuel bundle project.


The authors describe a prototype geographically distributed, real-time multimedia communication system currently in everyday use at US West Advanced Technologies. To test it, nine of approximately 40 researchers in the Science and Technology Division have been relocated from the US West Advanced technologies headquarters in Englewood, Colorado, to Boulder, Colorado, a distance of some 40 miles. After an explanation of the technical infrastructure of the system and some of the choices made in building it, the authors discuss some of the problems encountered and some of the lessons learned from this experience. The experience described is grouped into two main areas: (1) the engineering of the system, and (2) the behavioral and social aspects of using and living with the system.<<ETX>>


Aim: To determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), in sexually transmitted diseases(STD) patients and to determine the sex-related risk factors associated with HBsAg
Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was performed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, on 155 (79males and 76 females) between the ages of 24 and 63years (mean age 35±2.4 years ).Patients were consecutively selected from all adults attending the STD clinic. A questionnaire was administered to each patient, in order to ascertain the possible risk factors, for the transmission of HBsAg, with STDs as the main risk factor. The sex-related factors included a history of multiple partners in the past 6 months, a history of a number of episodes of STDs, history of heterosexual exposure to partners at risk, for example prostitutes; a history of symptoms of an STD at the commencement of the study. Sera were screened for HBsAg, using a rapid chromatographic immuno-assay.
Results: The number of HBsAg positives was 14.1%(males 5.1% and females 9%).The sex-related risk factors identified were a history of exposure to partners at risk; a history of HIV antibody; a history of clinical symptoms of an STD at the commencement of the study.
Conclusion: The HBsAg sero-prevalence rate of 14.1% is high. The study showed that exposure to sex-related risk factors are liable for the high prevalence of HBsAg observed. In order to curb the further spread of the hepatitis B virus, we recommend prompt treatment of STDs; avoidance of people at risk of STDs; cost effective HBsAg screening and public health education based on the epidemiology of sex-related HBsAg acquisition. Key Words: HbsAg, Seroprevalence, STD Patients. Journal of College of Medicine 2005: 9(2): 107-109


Cancer patients (pts) frequently receive empiric antibiotics without clear indication. This retrospective study investigated the relationship between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), early antibiotic (Anb) use, and bacteremia in solid tumor pts presenting to the emergency department (ED).

 We extracted data from the electronic medical records of adults with solid tumors admitted to a tertiary care hospital through the ED for any reason over a 2 year period. Pts with neutropenic fever, organ transplant, trauma, or cardiopulmonary arrest were excluded. Rates of SIRS and bacteremia among pts receiving early Anb (eAnb, within 8 hours of admission) were compared to all others using χ 2. Binomial regression and receiver operator curves assessed predictors of bacteremia.

 Of 3580 eligible pts, 1344 pts were SIRS positive (≥ 2 criteria) and 2236 were SIRS negative; 501 (37%) and 493 (22%), respectively, received eAnb (p< 0.001). eAnb use increased with additional SIRS criteria (Fig 1). Of SIRS positive pts, 860 (64%) had BCs drawn within 48 hrs of presentation, of which 19% were positive. Of SIRS negative pts, 826 (37%) had cultures drawn within 48 hrs of presentation, of which 14% were positive (19% vs 14%, p=0.004). Of pts who had BCs drawn, the proportion of positive BCs among those who received eAnb and those who did not was identical (16% in each group; p=1). Of 276 pts ultimately proven to have bacteremia within 48 hrs, only 59% were SIRS positive, and only 49% received eAnb in the ED. By regression, only two SIRS components predicted bacteremia, fever (OR 1.8 ± 0.39, p=0.01) and tachycardia (1.4 ± 0.22, p=0.03), and SIRS criteria as a whole were poorly predictive of bacteremia (AUC 0.57, Table 1). A more robust model, which included additional labs and vital signs, was only marginally better (AUC 0.61, Table 2).
 Figure 1: Proportion of patients receiving early antibiotics by SIRS score

 Table 1: SIRS as a predictor of bacteremia

 Table 2: Best predictive model of bacteremia

 Clinicians still use SIRS criteria to determine the need for eAnb. However, SIRS criteria are poor predictors of bacteremia in solid tumor pts, who frequently manifest them due to complications of cancer or cancer-directed therapy rather than infection. Furthermore, patients who are SIRS negative may be bacteremic. More reliable models are needed to guide judicious use of Anb in the solid tumor population.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


This paper adopts the productivity prediction modeling of the horizontal wells with different completion methods supported by Literature One.This paper sums up a united mathematics modeling,and transforms it to numerical modeling through the finite difference method.HDPP software with explaining productivity equation is worked out through OOP methods.Finally,through comparing productivity explained by HDPP to explained by Vogel formulation and ECLIPSE,we validates the result is exacted.The HDPP can supply scientific basis for project design.


Complex decision problems usually involve both strategic and tactical considerations. At the strategic level, each decision maker assesses future scenarios that meet his or her long term objectives as closely as possible. At the tactical level, each decision maker attempts to implement special ways for satisfying his or her strategic goals at a given point in time. In this paper, various techniques are suggested for systematically studying strategic and tactical situations. Moreover, the relationships among these decision technologies are clearly pointed out.<<ETX>>


An analytical study, with the twin objectives of (1) development of a simple, yet comprehensive approach for prediction of the compressive strength of thick-section advanced composite (graphitc/cpoxy) cross-ply laminates and (2) explanation of unacceptably low strength of the (90N°/0°)k cylindrical specimens tested at David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) under hydrostatic compression, has been undertaken. A simple closed-form expression for the kink mode compressive strength has been derived, under the simplifying assumptions of small deformation, material linearity, local flatness and piecewise linear distribution of the surface-parallel displacements through the thickness, using the minimum potential energy approach. Initial fiber misalignment (maximum tangent angle), ultimate fiber shear strain and the two transverse shear moduli are found to be the key parameters, which limit the compressive strength of the aforementioned thick-section composite laminates. An analysis pertaining to the elastic plane strain in extensional deformation of the compressed composite reveals that kink band formation is primarily due to rotational instability of the fibers, and regardless of the event or sequence of events that may act as precursor(s), kink band formation, once triggered, will, in general, be the dominant (lowest energy) failure mode, especially in the presence of such defect as fiber waviness or misalignment. Critical kink band angle has been found to be bounded well away from zero (a fact consistent with experimental observations), and has been shown to be dependent on the ultimate shear strain of the fiber, maximum initial fiber misalignment tangent angle, θ0 and transverse moduli, Er, Gir and Grr, of the composite laminate. Numerical results for graphite/epoxy and glass/epoxy laminates demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the former to the initial fiber misalignment defects, responsible for the lowering of the compressive strength of the thick cylinders tested at DTRC and the observed scatter in the test data. These results clearly indicate the sensitivity of kink band angle, β, for graphite/epoxy composites, to the maximum initial fiber misalignment tangent angle, θ0, in the lower range of values (2–3° or less).


The transition of a proliferating cell into a state of cell quiescence is a key step in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. It is currently difficult to distinguish between quiescent cells and those that have entered the cell cycle. This study's objective was to generate a fluorescent‐based genetically encoded reporter capable of differentiating between arrested and actively cycling cells. The Ki67 promoter (Ki67p) was previously shown in our lab to selectively label cells that have entered the cell cycle. However, using Ki67p to drive GFP as a reporter gene results in fluorescent daughter cells due to GFP's long half‐life (~26h). We hypothesized using the Ki67p to drive expression of the Fluorescent Ubiquitination‐based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) reporters would enable indirect detection of quiescent (G0) cells and cells in G1/S and S/G2/M. The existing FUCCI reporters employ a constitutively active promoter, thereby preventing discrimination between cells in G0 and cells in G1. To overcome both reporters' limitations we generated two lentiviral vector constructs with Ki67p upstream of mcherry‐hCdt1(30‐120) and mAG‐hGem(1‐110). We then generated stable double transgenic cell lines (HT1080 and COS cells) that express mCherry‐hCdt1(30‐120) and mAG‐hGem(1‐110) under control of Ki67p. Fluorescence time‐lapse imaging of Ki67p‐FUCCI cells indicates that low‐density plating induces G0 cell cycle withdrawal and concurrent attenuation of Ki67‐FUCCI reporter activity. Low density compared to high density plating increased the number of Ki67p‐FUCCI− HT1080 cells (44% vs. 5%, P<0.05) indicating G0 entry. Moreover, serum starvation induced G1 arrest (91% Ki67p‐mCherry+ without serum vs. 47% with serum, P<0.01). These reporters will enable studies designed to segregate between quiescent and actively proliferating cells in each of the major phases of the cell cycle in living tissue and in real‐time, facilitating studies in stem cell and cancer biology.


ABSTRACT:This article examines the association between Harmoniemusik and firework displays during the reign of Joseph II. On three occasions during the 1780s, Vienna's leading pyrotechnic impresario, Johann Stuwer, chose an opera as his theme: Gluck's Orfeo (1781); Gretry's Zemire und Azor (1787); and Martín y Soler's L'arbore di Diana (1789). Each presentation was accompanied by popular airs from the featured work, played by a wind band. Musicians were also employed on non-musical nights to entertain the huge crowds of 10,000 or more that assembled in the Prater, a function seen more widely at animal-baiting shows, daylight aerostatic extravaganzas, and balloon flights. The high point of Stuwer's annual cycle of displays was always on 26 July: Vienna's St Anne's Day celebration of women. Consideration is given to the possibility that Mozart's unidentified 'Nacht Musique' was written for the 1782 presentation: The Fall of Phaethon.


The grating resist patterns with period of 0.235-0.400 micrometers were fabricated by means of the holographic lithography with Ar laser (351.1 nm). The ordinary photoresists AZ-1350 and AZ-5214 were used. These gratings were used as the masks for the usual reactive ion etching as well as the complex substrates for the generation of the submicron metal grating patterns.


A comprehensive program (ARC/DYNAMIC) was developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of aluminum reduction cells during operation. The program uses the mass and energy balance equations to determine the transient evolution of more than 60 process variables. In addition, it simulates various operational and control policies in use during cell operation. This paper describes the use of ARC/DYNAMIC to study the sensitivity of cell dynamic response to the BEMF. A description of the steady state solver and the amperage fluctuation model implemented in the program is presented. Introduction The dynamic behavior of a reduction cell during operation is a complex phenomenon that is affected by a number of parameters in the pot. A good understanding of this behavior is invaluable in determining a control strategy that optimizes the cell operation and maximizes its efficiency. Mathematical models are valuable tools that help achieve a better understanding of the process and can be used to study "what if" scenarios without disturbing the pot line operation. A computer program, ARC/DYNAMIC, was developed to model the dynamic behavior of reduction cells. A complete overview of the program is described in reference [1]. Briefly, the program solves 13 differential equations that characterize the mass and heat balance in the cell. The behavior within the pot is characterized using 16 dynamic variables and more than 40 variables derived from them. ARC/DYNAMIC calculates the dynamic evolution of the simulation variables over time by modeling the physical process as well as the control algorithms used to operate the cell. This paper will focus on using ARC/DYNAMIC to study the sensitivity of the pot operation to the back electro-motive force (BEMF) used in calculating the pseudo-resistance of the pot. A brief overview of the steady state solver and the amperage fluctuation submodel is presented here since they are extensively used in the study. Steady State Solver A recent addition to ARC/DYNAMIC was a more sophisticated steady state solver as well as the ability to run Monte Carlo simulations to study the sensitivity of the pot response to input variables [2]. The steady state solution, by definition, assumes that the internal heat is equal to the heat lost from the cell, i.e. no melting or growing of freeze and no change in the operating temperature occurs. This condition is often used in the initial design of a cell. The program defines any one of 18 input variables as the target variable to be calculated in a steady state condition. The remaining 17 are specified by the user along with all the other data necessary to characterize the cell model. ARC/DYNAMIC uses a Newton-Raphson algorithm to search for the root of the steady state equation. I. TABSH / M. DUPUIS SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM REDUCTION CELLS PAGE 2 OF 6 Any or all of the 17 variables can have a probability distribution assigned to it and a Monte Carlo solution is performed to calculate the distribution of the target variable. A linear distribution of a particular variable (in this study the cell amperage) can be used to create a "response space" for evaluating the pot characteristics. The interaction between any two variables in the response space can be evaluated using a regression analysis. Amperage Fluctuation Submodel The other important feature of ARC/DYNAMIC used in this study is the amperage fluctuation submodel. The purpose of this submodel is to synthesize a cell amperage time history that accounts for the impact on the amperage of anode effects in various pots in the line. The user specifies a probability density function that defines the probability of x pots having an anode effect simultaneously. PBF pots have a distribution that does not vary with time. Side break pots have a distribution which is a function of the feeding cycle. The closer you are to the feeding time the higher is the probability of having more pots with anode effects. This behavior is represented in ARC/DYNAMIC by specifying multiple probability functions each applicable to a fraction of the feeding cycle. Once the number of anode effects is known, the amperage can be calculated knowing the maximum capacity of the rectifier, the target line amperage, and the voltage of each pot. The later is calculated by specifying a constant voltage for pots not in anode effect and a voltage increment for pots in anode effect. The voltage increment is assumed to be a normal distribution with the mean and standard deviation specified by the user. The net result is an amperage distribution over time similar to what is shown in figure 4. This is characteristic of what is observed in real pot rooms. Evaluation of the Back EMF When it is time to regulate the cell ACD to keep the voltage and thereby the internal energy constant, it is common practice to control the so-called pseudoresistance instead of controlling directly the voltage. This is required to filter out the effect of fluctuations in the line amperage on the cell voltage. Since the cell voltage was found to vary linearly with amperage, the cell pseudo-resistance (R) is computed as follows: ( ) R = − U B E M F I (1) where U is the cell voltage, I is the line amperage and BEMF is referred to as the back electro-motive force. BEMF is really the zero current intercept of the tangent to the cell voltage vs. cell amperage curve at the point of nominal cell operation. By definition, R should not be affected by the fluctuation in the line amperage. The value of BEMF is a function of temperature, cell amperage and alumina concentration [3]. However, it is often assumed to be constant with different values quoted in different sources (1.6– 1.8V in reference [3] and 1.62–1.68V in reference [4]). A value of 1.65V is often chosen. It is common practice within each smelter to calculate a value of BEMF from the recorded line amperage and cell voltage. Two examples, a PBF and a side break cell design, will be used to study the values of BEMF and evaluate the effect of its accuracy on the pot behavior. PBF Cell Operating at 300 kA As a first case study let us use the PBF prototype cell operating at 300 kA presented in an article in the February 1994 issue of JOM [5]. First, we can use the Monte Carlo mode of the steady state solver to study the impact of the amperage decrease on the cell voltage at constant ACD and cell temperature. I. TABSH / M. DUPUIS SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ALUMINUM REDUCTION CELLS PAGE 3 OF 6 To do this, the metal level was selected as the target variable. The metal level is calculated that would allow the cell heat loss to remain equal to the internal heat as the amperage is decreased. As we can see in Figure 1, for this particular cell design, the zero current intercept or BEMF is equal to 1.632V. U = 0.0088*I + 1.6316 ; R = 1 4.18 4.20 4.22 4.24 4.26 4.28 4.30 290 294 298 302 Cell amperage, I (KA) C el l v ol ta ge , U (V ) Figure 1 Correlation between the cell amperage and the cell voltage (PBF cell with the metal height as the target variable). To help illustrate the sensitivity of the value of the BEMF, let us change the setup of the steady state Monte Carlo solution. This time we will keep the ACD constant, but we will select the temperature as the target variable to converge the heat balance as the amperage decreases. U = 0.0083*I + 1.7702 ; R = 1 4.18 4.20 4.22 4.24 4.26 4.28 4.30 290 294 298 302 Cell amperage, I (KA) C el l v ol ta ge , U


According to its original conception, turbidites have been related to slope instability of previously accumulated shallow water deposits. These are intrabasinal (I) turbidites, since the parent flow derived from a subaqueous sediment failure originated within the basin, and are characterized by an interstitial fluid having a similar density compared to that of the ambient water. In recent years, growing evidences support that turbidites can also be originated by direct discharges of rivers in flood. These fluvial discharges (via hyperpycnal flows) accumulate extrabasinal (E) turbidites, since the parent flow is originated on land, and is composed of interstitial freshwater. This paper provides for the first time a sedimentological criterion to differentiate between intrabasinal and extrabasinal turbidites (here called I and E turbidites respectively). Intrabasinal turbidites, related to slope instability, are affected by several hydraulic jumps and flow transformations during their travel basinward. They are characterized by a fast moving head and high flow entrainment. On the contrary, pure extrabasinal turbidites are fully turbulent flows, characterized by a slow moving head and limited flow entrainment. The last result in the common occurrence of extrabasinal light components (as plant debris and charcoal) in the deposit, which are derived from the fluvial parent flow. The occurrence of plant remains is here considered a diagnostic criterion for the recognition of extrabasinal (hyperpycnal) turbidites. Main plant bearing hyperpycnal facies are medium to fine grained sandstone beds showing low angle asymptotic cross stratification, massive and laminated bedding, climbing ripples and lofting rhythmites.


In [3, Chapter VIII], Hormander has proved some inequalities for some partial differential operators by assuming certain convexity conditions. We shall obtain some generalization of these inequalities under more general convexity conditions. However, our primary aim has been to insert some geometric meaning into the formulas of Chapter VIII of [3] via the concept of the characteristic vector field of a function on a Grassmann bundle. This geometric interpretation suggests our generalization whose proof then goes via the analytic techniques of Hormander. The core of the proof is the same as in [3], but the modifications needed to treat the more general case are nontrivial. Let Q be a bounded open subset of R. Hormander's convexity condition, for a linear partial differential operator defined on β, involves a real valued function φ on Q. We replace φ by a map 0 which assigns to each x in Q a nonsingular linear transformation of R into R (where R% is the tangent space of R at x € R). In the case considered in [3], our 0 is obtained from the φ of [3] by


In marketing and consumer research, the application of subjective personal introspection, or SPI, to the understanding of one's own consumption experiences benefits from the representation of such self‐reflective insights in the most vivid and compelling manner possible. Toward the latter end, stereographic three‐dimensional images may deepen the marketing or consumer researcher's ability to communicate with managers and other readers in a suitably forceful, engaging, and transparent way. Thus, three‐dimensional photographs in the form of stereo pairs may provide corroborative evidence for the interpretations suggested by SPI or other research approaches. In this, literally, stereo 3D displays enhance the vividness, clarity, realism, and depth of communication between marketing researchers and their audience. But beyond that, figuratively, three‐dimensional stereography also serves as a metaphor to capture the essence of operating on the edge, of attaining profound insights, or of pursuing creativity in the postmodern world of consumption‐oriented hyperreality.


Cosmopolites sordidus cause galleries in banana corms, reducing its capacity to produce roots and absorb nutrients properly. The objective of this investigation was determine the efficacy of two nematodes and the most effective application method to control Cosmopolites sordidus in banana. The research was made in the Zamorano PanAmerican Agricultural School, Honduras. The nematodes used were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae. A population count of Cosmopolites sordidus adults was made before, during and after the research in each experimental unit. The application methods were applied with knapsack in the base of the plants and impregnated nematodes in pseudostem traps. A total of 1.9 million infective nematodes were used per experimental unit. Three applications were made with nematodes at 0, 15 and 30 days after first application in each treatment. A factorial analysis was performed to evaluate nematodes used and methods of application. Methods using knapsack showed a control of 67% of adult's population, meanwhile the pseudostem traps with nematodes made a control of 19% of adult's population. No differences were found between nematodes used (P≤0.05). In conclusion, doesn't matter the nematode used, the application method using knapsack in the base of the plant was more effective in comparison of the pseudostem traps method. Key word. Banana root borer, biologic control, nematodes.


Strategic planning requires the ability to analyze & understand complex issues. At times, this will require gathering different types of inormation to become knowledgeable about an issue.


Thread face lifting procedures are gaining more and more interest among patients seeking an easy cheap and non-harmful rejuvenating facial attempt. It appears that a surgical lighter procedure than the standard facelift, though strictly biplane microlift (SMAS and skin are elevated together without separation) is technically feasible and still easy to perform under strict local anesthesia and on a outpatient basis. To rejuvenate properly the face by surgical means, it seems that the biplane microlift may represent a solution to solve the problem of slight to moderate facial aging. Minilfts have been the old and first surgical solution of treatment directed to combat the aging facial process. Composite and MACS Minilfts of the face have already gained popularity [1]. Composite flaps have become used widely. Stocchero [2] advised a purse string of the Smas, Bonnefon [3] has advocated a main vertical composite flap, but going subperiosteally, which I do not agree for all cases, Saleh [4] combines a minilift and threads.


Vernal pools, broadly defined as ephemeral wetlands that predictably form in permanent basins during the cooler part of the year but which dry during the summer months, are distributed throughout the world. In the U. S., they are particularly abundant on the Pacific Coast and in various forms in the glaciated landscapes of the north and northeast. Vernal pools are ecosystems that have evolved in a balance between isolation and connectedness. Because of isolation at several scales, the vernal pools biota includes many regionally endemic species. Because of connectedness, vernal pools also share many taxa with continent-spanning distributions at the generic and species level. Vernal pools serve an important local biodiversity function because of their connection to surrounding terrestrial habitats. Along with other ephemeral wetlands, they are the primary habitat for animal species that require relatively predator-free pools for feeding or breeding, including many amphibians. The recent U. S. Supreme Court decision (SWANCC), which deemed "isolated" wetlands to be outside the class of "waters of the United States," places some significant but unknown proportion of vernal pools at risk. In the worst case, the consequences could be immediate reductions in biodiversity at a local level, and regional reductions over longer periods of time. Ideally, federal law should be rewritten to establish unambiguously the value of ephemeral wetlands. It will also be necessary for conservationists to educate the public and to bring the issue of vernal pool protection to the notice of their local and state governments.


Thermoacidophilic algae (Cyanidiaceae) constitute a taxonomic group with interesting phylogenetic and ecological implications. In this report, we have classified three thermoacidophilic microalgal isolates from Rio Tinto (Spain) using a combination of classical analysis of phenotypic features and the characterization of their electrophoretically determined karyotypes by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Using this technique, we have been able to demonstrate that thermoacidophilic algae genomes have the smallest genomes of all photosynthetic eukaryotes studied so far. In addition, we show that two of these Rio Tinto isolates may constitute new species within the genus Galdieria.


The neuropathology of epilepsy in man has disclosed the finding of Ammon's horn sclerosis in about half the patients studied. It is controversial whether the phenomenon is a primary cause of seizure disorder or is secondary to seizure activity. The published data pertinent to the question has been inconclusive.' y 2 The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether induced seizures could result in Amman's horn sclerosis in the experimental animal. An unexpected finding of diencephalic sclerosis and no abnormality in the medial temporal lobe structures prompted this preliminary report.


Capsule-like NiO nanoparticles were prepared by heat-treatment of the cathodically electrodeposited nickel hydroxide at 300°C for three hours. The hydroxide precursor was deposited galvanostatically onto the stainless steel substrate from aqueous Ni(NO 3 ) 2 solution (0.01 M). Morphological, structural and chemical characteristics of the synthesized NiO were examined by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The XRD and TEM results revealed that the oxide products have well-crystallized cubic structure with capsule-like morphology of various length and diameters in the order of 20―70 nm and 10―30 nm, respectively. Capacitive performance of NiO nanocapsules were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements in a potential window between ―0.2 and +0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCI. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the NiO nanocapsules have a specific faradaic pseudocapacitance as high as 307.2 F g ―1 in 1 M KOH solution and good cycle life (approximately displayed 86.4% of its maximum capacitance after 3000 cycle discharging). These results showed that the prepared NiO nanostructure can be recognized as a promising candidate for the supercapacitor applications.


The effects of organic loading rate and operating temperature on the microbial diversity and performances of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated. The following two UASB reactors were run in parallel for comparison: (1) under a mesophilic condition (37 °C) and (2) under a mesophilic condition in transition to a thermophilic condition (57 °C). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that the microbial population profiles significantly changed with the organic loading rate (OLR) and the temperature transition from the mesophilic to the thermophilic condition. Significant biomass washout was observed for the mesophilic UASB when operating at a high organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.5 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·d. In contrast, the thermophilic UASB can be operated at this OLR and at a temperature of 57 °C with satisfactory COD removal and biogas production. The PCR‐based DGGE analysis suggested that the thermophilic temperature of 57 °C was suitable for a number of hydrolytic, acidogenic, and acetogenic bacteria.


In order to reduce the following error of traditional pure pursuit algorithm, a Stanley compensatory pure pursuit algorithm is proposed. The simplified model of intelligent vehicle is established, and the front wheel angle compensation is used to ensure that the intelligent vehicle follows the expected path accurately. The simulation results show that the improved following control algorithm is effective, the maximum, average and standard deviation of the following error are reduced by 64.23%, 39.52% and 27.47% respectively. The simulation results show that the robustness of the improved pure pursuit algorithm is enhanced, and the intelligent vehicle can achieve stable, reliable and high precision tracking control effect.


In this paper, for a given service quality gap problems of emergency WeChat platform, we discuss the general method for determining the trait of emergency WeChat platform, as well as quality framework, evaluation system of emergency WeChat service. For the determination of the trait of emergency WeChat platform, using SPSS mathematical software to draw an initial shape, through the mathematical method of mean value and balanced scorecard, we build a model, get the coordinate of services quality evaluation initial indexes system of emergency WeChat platform; For quality framework and evaluation system of emergency WeChat service, we define the five dimensionalities items, and optimize the original evaluation system indicators. For the empirical study, we selected six representative platform as the evaluation sample from the emergency platform of Wechat in China, send 100 questionnaires and designed 14 items in questionnaire which corresponding with the evaluation index system. Using the method of multidimensional scaling analysis, we disclose the properties of the multiple samples and the degree of similarity between them. Using the method of grey correlation analysis, we find the degree of quality gap and perform quantitative ordering about the service quality of emergency Wechat platform.


The ligand fluorine ENDOR spectrum in perovskite-fluoride KCdF 3 doped with Mn 2+ have been measured at 4.2 K using 34 GHz EPR spectrometer. The angular dependence of the spectrum evidently shows that the fluorine octahedra are distorted from the regular positions with tilting angles of about 6, 10 and 10 degrees around the [001], [100] and [010] axes in the pseudo cubic phase of the crystal and these components reflect the domain structure.


This paper presents the development of computed torque controller based individual joint controller for the PUMA 560 robot manipulator. Conventionally, this controller works well when all the required physical parameters of the manipulator are known. But sometimes, it is hard to find all such parameters due to practical difficulties. This paper presents a solution to this problem where important parameters of the manipulator are missing. The controller was developed by 3D modelling the manipulator using SOLIDWORKSTM to extract the latter important parameters and then using such data in the MATLABTM SimulinkTM environment for controller development. The performance of the controller was evaluated for percentage overshoot, settling time and the steady state error for step inputs. Further, the performance was evaluated by giving the spline coordinates to the system and considering the tracking error. For both the cases, the designed controller by using proposed methodology satisfied the performance specifications.


A study was made of water vapor sorption by main types of paper differing in cellulose fiber nature and coated with poly-p-xylylene.


The number of posts made by a single user account on a social media platform Twitter in any given time interval is usually low. However, there is a subset of users whose volume of posts is much higher than the median. In this paper, we investigate the content diversity and the social neighborhood of these extreme users and others. We define a metric called "interest narrowness", and identify that a subset of extreme users, termed anomalous users, post with very low topic diversity. We show that anomalous groups have the strongest within-group interactions, compared to their interaction with others, and exhibit different information sharing behaviors with other anomalous users compared to non-anomalous extreme tweeters.


A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network which contains small sensor nodes to monitor physical or environmental conditions. When WSNs are deployed in inaccessible areas, the probability of occurring different types of attacks is very high. So the security of WSN becomes extremely important. As sensors have limited processing power, limited storage, low bandwidth, and energy; traditional security measures designed for the resource-rich networks such as LAN etc. are not suitable for the resource-constrained WSN. In presence of such limitations it becomes mandatory to devise lightweight security solutions for data transmission in WSNs. Because of problems in public key cryptography such as costly key computation, longer keys, key vulnerability to brute force attack, key distribution and maintenance, etc., it is not preferred for WSN. The less computation and low memory requirements of symmetric key cryptography with very short length of key (lightweight) justifies its use in WSN to achieve information security. Hence, this paper aims to study, discuss and analyze the Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithms Suitable for Wireless Sensor Networks.


data services by transmitting independent parallel substreams from multiple antennas and through multicode channelization. In this dissertation, we develop the transmit power allocation schemes for successive interference cancellation (SIC) in a multicode MIMO system. First, we introduce an iterative two-stage SIC detection scheme for a multicode MIMO system. Proposed technique cancels the interference signals successively in the space domain followed by the code domain. Next, we develop various transmit power allocation schemes over different data substreams for the proposed detection process to improve error rate performance. The joint transmit power allocation is derived to make the post-detection signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) become the same for all substreams in both the space and code domains. As a computationally efficient scheme, we propose a two-stage power allocation scheme, which allocates the total transmit power to the substreams in the code domain at the first stage, and allocates this code domain power to the substreams in each space domain at the second stage. Furthermore, variable and constant power ratio (PR) schemes are derived to reduce the feedback overhead. In particular, the constant PR scheme utilizes the transmit power ratio determined by the long-term statistical properties of the fading channel amplitudes, and achieves significantly reduced feedback rate to the transmitter. Numerical results show that the proposed transmit power allocation schemes for the two-stage SIC significantly outperform the equal power allocation scheme. Finally, we propose the transmit power allocation schemes to improve the information capacity, and it is shown that the characteristic of the code domain power allocation for information capacity improvement is similar to that for error rate performance improvement. The power allocation for error rate improvement described above is performed to make the SINR become balanced for all data substreams. This criterion is based on the notion that the substream with the smallest SINR may dominate the overall error performance of the system. In the first part of this dissertation, as a preliminary step to validate this assumption, we develop the optimal transmit power allocation to improve bit error rate (BER) performance in an orthogonal multicarrier system with diversity reception. A computationally efficient suboptimal scheme is also derived, and the equal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scheme is shown to be an asymptotic case of the suboptimal scheme. It is also shown that the performance of the equal SNR scheme approaches that of the suboptimal scheme, as the antenna diversity gain increases. * Note: The text …


The present invention includes the steps of forming a pyramidal texture on a surface of (a) a substrate; (B) coating the SAM (self assembled monolayer) on the surface of the pyramid; (C) a step of coating the polymer on the surface of the pyramid; It provides a second water-repellent film producing method comprising a; and (d) separating the polymer from the substrate. It is possible to manufacture the micro / nano-structure of the pyramidal surface of the formation, and second without using a mask and the sacrificial layer water-repellent by being of easily separating the second water-repellent film using a SAM film using RIE etching according to the present invention . Therefore, it is possible to manufacture an ultra-water-repellent film in a simple and low cost compared to the prior art. In addition, it is possible to manufacture the second water-repellent film repeatedly using the pyramid surface.


Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Section I Issues Chapter 1 Adult learning and citizenship: clearing the ground - Rennie Johnston Chapter 2 Adult education and citizenship: a European perspective - Barbara Merrill Chapter 3 Shaping the good citizen: politics and policy - Pam Coare Chapter 4 Adult learning and citizenship: a framework for understanding and practice - Rennie Johnston Section II Community voices Chapter 5 A sense of belonging: asylum seekers, cultural difference and citizenship - Anne Bellis and Linda Morrice Chapter 6 Ecological citizens or ecoterrorists? Learning through environmental activism in Clayoquot Sound - Niamh Moore Chapter 7 Citizenship and regeneration: participation or incorporation? - Teresa M Cairns Chapter 8 The many voices of the invisible citizen: disabled people speaking out - Ann-Marie Houghton Chapter 9 No limits: perspectives on citizenship and learning from 'excluded' young people - Steve Dorney and Annabel Hodgson Chapter 10 Citizens, the environment and scientific literacy - Margaret Pilkington Chapter 11 Practising what we preach: internal democracy and citizenship in adult education - Juliet Merrifield Section III Reflections on theory, policy and practice Chapter 12 Reviewing the framework - Rennie Johnston and Pam Coare Chapter 13 Reflecting on 'voices' - Rennie Johnston and Pam Coare Chapter 14 The role of the adult educator - Pam Coare and Rennie Johnston Contributors Notes Index


This study aims to analyze the financial performance at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. and so that the difference in financial performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic are known and also to determine the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on financial performance at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. So that this research can be used by company management to evaluate the performance of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. so that it better and also as a consideration for investors who want to invest. The financial statements used for analysis are the second quarterly financial reports that have been published on the Indonesian stock exchange. This study uses financial cash ratio, loan to deposit ratio, primary ratio, capital adequacy ratio, return on equity, and return on asset. The results of this study show that the level of cash ratio, loan to deposit ratio, primary ratio, capital adequacy ratio, return on asset, and return on equity has decreased in 2020.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how a sustainability manager, embodying the role of change agent, legitimizes the implementation of Integrated Reporting. By focusing on an Italian ...


As a highly growing industry,creative industry in the world is still in the rapid development period,our country should early plan to seize the strategical development opportunity to promote the creative industry.These strategies lead by government such as industrial guiding strategy,industry cultivation strategy,industry support strategy and industry protection strategy are the key factors to promote China's creative industry development.


PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a gate of a semiconductor device is provided to form a dual gate having a pair of metals of the same kind, by forming a metal nitride layer having a work function different from that of the first metal layer in either one of an n-type metal oxide semiconductor(NMOS) or p-type metal oxide semiconductor(PMOS) region. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor substrate(11) is prepared in which a dummy gate is formed on the PMOS region(13b) and the NMOS region(13a), respectively. An interlayer dielectric(20) is deposited on the semiconductor substrate. The interlayer dielectric is polished until the dummy gate on the substrate is exposed. The dummy gate is exposed to expose a predetermined portion of the substrate including the PMOS and NMOS regions. A gate insulation layer and the first metal layer(22) are sequentially deposited on the substrate including a region where the dummy gate is removed. A nitrogen containing process is performed regarding either one of the NMOS or PMOS region where the first metal layer is formed so that the first metal layer is nitridized. The second metal layer is formed on the resultant structure. The second metal layer, the first metal layer, the nitridized first metal layer(22a) and the gate insulation layer are sequentially eliminated until the interlayer dielectric is exposed.


Abstract Background/Aims  Leflunomide, a conventional disease modifying drug (csDMARD), is used in a variety of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) due to its immunomodulating, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. This agent does however confer a greater infection risk and, due to its long half-life, drug washout procedures are often advised in the context of serious infections. Interestingly, Leflunomide is currently being tested as a potential therapy for COVID-19 in the general population. It is unknown whether leflunomide therapy is associated with a poor or favourable outcome among ARD patients infected with COVID-19. Methods  A Scottish-wide registry was rapidly developed in March 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of infected cases were collated across all Scottish health boards. Eligible patients included any adult leflunomide treated ARD patients with a confirmed (clinically or PCR) diagnosis of COVID-19. Results  Of the 69 cases included in the registry, n = 4 were treated with leflunomide (75% female; mean age 61, SD 4.2). N = 2 were treated with combination baricitinib or hydroxychloroquine respectively, whilst n = 1 received recent corticosteroid therapy (intramuscular Kenalog). Comorbidities observed in this sub-cohort include diabetes mellitus n = 3, hypertension n = 2, cardiovascular disease n = 1, lung disease n = 1 and latent TB n = 1. At presentation, all patients (n = 4) experienced the established COVID-19 related symptom triad of dyspnoea, cough and fever and promptly developed acute respiratory syndrome. Diarrhoea was also recorded in n = 2 and constitutional upset n = 3. All patients suffered a serious COVID-19 disease outcome (defined as a requirement of invasive or non-invasive ventilation (n = 4) and/ or death (n = 2). P052 Table 1: Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Age 58 63 57 66 Sex Female Female Male Female Rheumatic diagnosis Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Comorbidities Diabetes Hypertension Diabetes COPD Nil Ischaemic heart disease Hypertension Diabetes Latent TB Clinical presentation Dyspnoea Cough Fever Confusion Constitutional upset Dyspnoea Cough Fever Diarrhoea Constitutional upset Dyspnoea Cough Fever Constitutional upset Dyspnoea Cough Fever Diarrhoea Constitutional upset Additional csDMARD* Nil Nil Nil Hydroxychloroquine bDMARD**/ tsDMARD*** Baricitinib Nil Nil Nil Steroid therapy Nil Nil Nil IM Kenalog Invasive or non-invasive ventilation Yes Yes Yes Yes Death No No Yes Yes * conventional disease modifying drug, **biologic disease modifying drug, ***targeted synthetic disease modifying drug. Conclusion  Preliminary data from this Scotland-wide registry has identified only a small number of leflunomide treated ARD patients infected with COVID-19. However, it is concerning that all cases experienced a serious outcome. Given the relatively infrequent prescription of this drug, combining similar national registry data is necessary to ensure this observation is not spurious. If confirmed, leflunomide washout procedures should be encouraged among such patients when they first present with COVID-19. Disclosure  M. Karabayas: None. J. Brock: None. G. Fordyce: None. N. Basu: None.


At present,the most important problem of the government gateway website construction is that most of the governments haven't established a unified gateway website.A government and its departments do things in their own way,which is unconvenient for public to get information of the governmental affairs.In the construction of the electronic governmental affairs,we have placed the government gateway website construction in a important position and attached much importance to it.


Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the part of the Standard Model describing the strong force, which is one of the four fundamental forces in physics. In this model the strong force F (r) between the particles called quarks is delivered by the gluons. Gluons are the so called interaction particles, which bound the quarks together into hadrons such as protons and neutrons. The dynamics of the gluons is given by the Yang Mills theory, which is of major interest in this project. Simplifying QCD to YM theory makes the computations simpler and one can test methods applied to QCD with much higher precision and rigor. In YM theory quarks cab still be present but with masses set to infinity. The only free parameter which enters the theory is thus the coupling constant g, which quantifies the interaction between the quarks. One can use this coupling to expand the theory for small g and make perturbative predictions. Only in the limit of g → 0 this predictions are valid. One is interested in which regime the truncation of the expansion plays a crucial role. To quantify this truncation error it is necessary to make non perturbative predictions and compare both results. Although YM theory is a simplified QCD non perturbative calculations are rather complicated and one needs to introduce novel numerical techniques to perform those calculations. One of such is the Wilson approach. Wilson defined a scheme, in which he replaced the continuum YM theory by a discrete statistical system with euclidean time. With this approach it is possible to study YM theory within Monte Carlo Simulations non perturbatively. The idea of this simulations is rather simple. In order to calculate a quantity in this theory one constructs configurations of variables (in our case: field configurations) randomly with a given distribution function and calculates the quantity on all these configurations. Averaging over the different values of the quantity gives an estimate for the mean value and an statistical error. Depending on the discretization this so called measuring process involves ∼ 1013 matrix multiplications per configuration and thus involves massively parallel supercomputers. In our computations we achieved a discretization up to 320× 1283 space time points, which involved 1280 cores over the period of about one month. This large lattices have never been simulated before and it was possible to take another big step on top of what was achieved in previous works [1,2]. In our computations we have simulated six different lattice spacings ranging from a = 0.0834(4) fm to a = 0.0152(2) fm with its corresponding simulation domains ranging from 80× 243 to 320× 1283 space time points. In contrast to periodic boundary conditions used in [1] we use open boundary conditions in time [3]. This is necessary in the regime of small lattice spacings a, where simulations suffer from critical slowing down [4] and can cause biased results in the Monte Carlo simulation. Figure 1 shows the scaling behaviour of our code in terms of the integrated autocorrelation time Rτint in core hours. The integrated autocorrelation time is a measure of how long it takes the code to produce independent measurements. The fit in fig. 1 promotes a scaling behaviour


In the 21st century, in which the accident rate is rapidly increasing in proportion to the development of automobiles, In order to reduce the number of accidents, this paper was written for the convenience of the elderly people with disabilities and the handicapped. When a driver's safety accidents and various signals are transmitted through a smart phone by voice, the voice signal is processed as a video signal through the rear LED pannel of the vehicle, so that an urgent situation or a current state can be clarified It is also possible to use the local area network as a billboard and I would like to propose a study to show the advertising effect and current traffic situation


The woodlouse hunter Dysdera spiders have colonized all Macaronesian archipelagos. We report here for the first time an evolutionary connection between the Iberian Peninsula, Madeira, and the remote archipelago of Azores. Based on museum specimens from the 1950s, we describe the first endemic Dysdera species from the Azores. Additionally, we report the recent collection of immature individuals related yet probably not conspecific to the new species, rejecting previous suggestions that the endemic lineage had gone extinct. A multi-locus target phylogeny revealed that an undescribed species from Madeira was the closest relative to the Azores lineage, and that both island taxa were in turn sister to an Iberian endemic species, within a mostly Iberian clade. Interestingly, the Madeiran relative was not closely related to the remaining endemic species reported in the archipelago, suggesting an independent colonization. A divergence time estimation analysis unravelled that Dysdera colonized both archipelagos early after their emergence. The colonization pathway remains ambiguous, but the Iberian Peninsula acted as the ultimate source of the ancestral colonizers. Finally, we describe the new species Dysdera cetophonorum Crespo & Arnedo sp. nov. from Pico and Dysdera citauca Crespo & Arnedo, sp. nov. from Ilhéu de Cima (Porto Santo) and redescribe and illustrate the female genitalia for the first time of their poorly known closest relative, Dysdera flavitarsis Simon, 1882 from the north-western Iberian Peninsula. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E75CCEC-1632-4581-93A5-E61721970022


We should pay attention to and lay laws for the problems caused by trans-gene techniques in circumstances, ecology, life, health and peace. The law for the safety of the ecological technologies in China is proposed, based on the contrastive analysis of the relative laws and regulations home and abroad.


The neuronal protein α-synuclein (α-syn) has been suggested to be one of the factors linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Several organisms, including the rat, mouse, worm, and fruit fly, are being used to study α-syn pathobiology. A new model organism was recently added to this armamentarium: the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast system recapitulates many of the findings made with higher eukaryotes. For example, yeast cells expressing α-syn accumulate lipid droplets, have vacuolar/lysosomal defects, and exhibit markers of apoptosis, including the externalization of phosphatidylserine, the release of cytochrome c, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. This MiniReview focuses on the mechanisms by which α-syn induces oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which yeast cells respond to this stress. Three classes of therapeutics are discussed.


As one of the core technologies of blockchain, cross-chain technology has been widely valued by academia and industry, and has made a series of research achievements in recent years. At present, the overview research on cross-chain technology generally compares and analyzes cross-chain technology as a whole, and lacks the decoupling comparison of the main steps in cross-chain technology. Firstly, the basic principle of cross-chain technology is summarized and analyzed. Then, the cross-chain technology is divided into two types: isomerism and isomorphism, and the existing problems and corresponding solutions are analyzed and compared. Finally, the development status and trend of cross-chain technology are summarized, as well as important research directions in the future.


A 22-year-old woman with drug-resistant complex focal seizures underwent stereotactic biopsy of a frontal lobe lesion, which revealed "gliosis." Epilepsy-dedicated MRI1 with planar brain surface views2 reformatted from a sagittal …


Abstract During processing as well as in service life, polymers degrade. For the majority of polymers this is due to oxidative processes. In this review the mechanism of the thermo-oxidative degradation of the most important (unstabilized) polymers as well as the factors determining the degradation rates are discussed.


The leading aim of this article is an investigation of the role of culture in the organization. Organizational culture represents values, beliefs, hypotheses, fables, norms, and goals, which are admitted in the organization vastly. The organizational culture is the means which facilitates our behavior and actions with organizational tasks. The findings of this study reveal that one of the most influential factors in an organization's situation is organizational culture. In the current complicated and revolutionary world, the durability of organizations is related to various factors; one of the most important factors is having a fortified organizational culture. The organizational culture is the subordinate outcome of social culture that, by its turn, impacts on values, moralities, attitudes, assumptions, and expectations of any individuals and can be exposed in their behaviors. The organizational culture has become more significant and remarkable because of its high and noticeable effects in organizations. Realizing the organizational culture is one of the causes that impact the real actions of people and their perceptions regarding that. The organizational culture represents the mode of our interpretation of our surrounding incidents. The research method of this study is library-based, and the information and points were collected from books and journals.


The utility model provides a gas medium uniform distribution groove which is characterized in that the gas medium uniform distribution groove is a hollow pipeline with openings at the both ends; air vents are formed on the pipe wall of the hollow pipeline; and the densities of the air vents on the pipe wall of the hollow pipeline are gradually increased from one end to the other end. The hollow pipeline is a straight pipe, and an L-shaped, S-shaped, arc or spiral elbow. The gas medium uniform distribution groove is contained in a sealed container, and gas replacement is carried out on the sealed container, so that the problems that the large-size container equipment has the low efficiency and the incomplete replacement in the gas replacement can be solved. Furthermore, the gas medium uniform distribution groove has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenience in use.


Differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from other intramural mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract on fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) is difficult. Recent studies have shown that GISTs are immunophenotypically and genetically distinct. GISTs exhibit consistent immunohistochemical expression of CD‐117 (KIT) and often express activating mutations of this protooncogene. The aim of the current study was to employ immunocytochemistry and mutational analysis of the c‐kit gene to aid in the diagnosis of GISTs on FNAB.


This paper presents materials from one of the Palaeolithic sites discovered by the author in the late 1980s and early 1990s in Crimea. The Hamak-Koba sediment pack was once tested, and some archaeological materials were recovered. These are few but rather informative and have been published for the first time now. Judging by the available data, Hamak-Koba is a short-term site of a mobile group of hunters. The remains of shells of the land snail Helix vulgaris, which were probably consumed as food, may indicate the Epipalaeolithic or Mesolithic age of the site and probably exclude the winter season of its visitation. The technical and typological features of the stone artefacts found, including blades with indications of intensive use and burnt endscrapers, are consistent with the assumption of the site's age therefore positioned somewhere between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. An undisturbed horizon with artefacts and hearth remains was discovered during the test pitting. It also turned out that a significant part of the shelter is practically devoid of culture-bearing deposits. The locality suggests one of the points visited by early hunters while travelling through the exploited territory in search of resources. This version is supported by the features of the stone artefacts, which show signs of special selection and therefore belong to a part of a mobile toolkit, traces of intensive wear on them, and the location of the site in a rock shelter near convenient access to a plateau providing dominating heights and good observation points, although far from water sources.


The 22-year-old Kenyan refugee camp of Kakuma has in many ways developed into an accidental city, and challenges the imagery of refugee camps as seclusion sites and warehouses of wasted lives. Conceptually, the camp is not only a physical structure, but also indicates a relation between humanitarian actors and beneficiaries of aid. In the camp, this relation is intimate, but the relation between refugees and aid actors does not stop at the camp's boundaries. Increasingly, humanitarian and other actors are recognizing that the refugee camps in Kenya are becoming a 'normal' part of the regional socio-economic landscape. People strategize and/or find themselves, as individuals or as part of social networks, in different proximities to humanitarian action. This is a fluid process. People are sometimes in the camp, sometimes in the city and sometimes in South Sudan, Uganda or the Democratic Republic of Congo, where they relate in different ways to aid. This article explores the ways in which people seek and maintain access to the camp and how the Kenyan camps become a part of livelihood options available in the region.


We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging (3DUS) in assessing the therapeutic effect of moderate‐intensity statin therapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaques.


Response:

We thank Drs Lord and Rochester for their interest and comments regarding our study results. We agree that gait velocity and gait itself are complex in nature with many variables contributing to gait velocity classifications and community ambulation. Richards et al previously reported that poststroke self-selected …


Phenyl and fluorophenyl complexes but not alkyl complexes of platinum may be prepared from (Et3Sb)2PtCl2 by Grignard reactions. Dipole moment and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate a slight gradation in electronic properties which correlates with previous equilibrium studies.


This paper presents the asymptotic distributions of a general likelihood-based test statistic, derived using results of Wilks and Wald. The general form of the test statistic incorporates the test statistics and associated asymptotic formulae previously derived by Cowan, Cranmer, Gross and Vitells, which are seen to be special cases of the likelihood-based test statistic described here.


The flora of the Guiana Shield contains several plant lineages that are restricted to white‐sand vegetation, some of which are widespread in tropical South America. Here, the history of diversification of one of these lineages, the genus Pagamea (Rubiaceae), is reconstructed through phylogenetic hypotheses. Data from chloroplast (rps16 and rpl20‐rps12) and nuclear (ITS) markers were incongruent, with ITS found to be more consistent with morphological criteria to delimit species. Reconstruction of the ancestral area for the genus was ambiguous, with both the western Guiana Shield and the Atlantic coastal areas containing early divergent lineages, but most speciation events appeared to have happened in the western Guiana Shield where most extant diversity is present. Dispersal events into the western Amazon and the Andes (1.5–4.5 Ma) and the eastern Guiana Shield (0.4–2.2 Ma) were followed by speciation events in these regions. Dispersal events between the Amazon and Atlantic rain forest occurred at least three times independently. However, dispersals into new areas were limited, and most regions were found to be phylogenetically clustered. Altitudinal and habitat shifts happened multiple times independently, but ecological traits were found to be phylogenetically conserved, implying that such shifts were not the cause of lineage divergence. The result that most speciation events happened in the western Guiana Shield, where white‐sand habitats predominate in both lowlands and highlands, and which has been less affected by Pleistocene climatic change, coupled with the result that ecological traits are phylogenetically conserved, suggests that the diversification of Pagamea may have been related primarily to the patchy distribution of white‐sand vegetation.


In order to better understand what mediating capabilities are needed to use B2B technology to improve supply chain performance(SCP) and what relationships exist among these capabilities,grounded in the IT process-oriented view and the capability hierarchy view,this paper identified three different levels of mediating capabilities,i.e.,application capability of e-business(ACEB),e-business systems capability(EBSC),and e-business support capability for collaborative strategy(ESCS),and then developed a theoretical model for addressing the impacts of ACEB on the EBSC and ESCS.A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test this model by using 152 valid samples from Chinese manufacturing sectors.The results validate the multi-dimension constructs of the ACEB,and show that the ACEB have a direct effect on the EBSC,a direct and indirect effect on the ESCS,and a moderating effect on the relationship between the EBSC and the ESCS.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze scholarship usage history and growth records submitted by scholarship students every month and to present implications for systematic scholarship management.
Methods From 2018 to 2020, the monthly use of scholarships and monthly growth records for 514 dream ladder scholarship students were analyzed through text mining.
Results According to a comparative analysis by dividing the Key words of the growth record book into three stages in 2018, 2019, and 2020, "study" topped the list for the entire period. Compared to students' growth records from 2018 to 2019, "test" appeared as the top keyword for dream scholarship students in 2020. If you look at the words that frequently appear in the growth records of dream scholars living in the city center, there are "mid-term exams," "final exams," and "preparation." This revealed that dream scholarship students who went to high school felt burdened by the test. Compared to students living in rural areas, students in urban areas recorded more details of their studies and resolutions to prepare for the exam in their growth record book.
Conclusions Dream scholarships should encourage students to concentrate on their studies and continue to discover and support them so that they can use them where they need to. In addition to the teacher in charge, monitoring personnel for dream scholarships should be dispatched separately to help students understand the contents of growth records, utilize scholarships, and monitor growth through the system. In addition, various programs are needed to strengthen students' awareness of goals and challenges, such as psychological and emotional support, counseling, and mentoring camps through mentors.


This paper delves into the flocking behavior of a class of multi-agent systems with symmetrical and asymmetrical delays under hierarchical leadership. First, we present the two corresponding models. Then, mainly using mathematical induction and considering the nature of differential and quadratic functions, we prove that the group can realize flocking with the two types of delays under certain conditions. Finally, we validate the conclusions via numerical simulation results.


Generation of hydrogen from the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with magnesium hydride (MgH2) was studied. Experiments were conducted at near ambient temperatures (75–150 ◦C), which are lower than that required by ammonia cracking and/or metal hydride thermal decomposition reactions. Effects of selected catalysts/promoters for the production of hydrogen by the NH3–MgH2 reaction were evaluated. Addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) accelerated the NH3–MgH2 reaction. MgH2 doped with either PdCl2 or PtCl4 also showed increased reactivity towards NH3 for H2 production in the presence of NH4Cl. Results from this study demonstrated the feasibility of hydrogen production from ammonia-based reactions in support of potable hydrogen fuel cells. These preliminary results warrant further systematic studies to elucidate the activation mechanism of PdCl2 or PtCl4 as catalysts, as well as the role of NH4Cl as an additive, a reactant and/or a catalyst in the reaction system of interest. 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Recently, we presented a finite element scheme based on the Petrov-Galerkin weak formulation using exponential test functions, for solving the unsteady two-dimensional natural convection up to high Rayleigh numbers. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation are discretized by a semi-explicit scheme in which velocity and temperature are treated explicitly and pressure is treated implicitly with respect to the time variable. As the time-marching scheme, the fractional step method is also adopted in the work. The resulting numerical solutions demonstrate that the method is capable of solving the set of equations accurately and in a stable manner up to high Rayleigh numbers. The purpose of this paper is to extend the Petrov-Galerkin finite element method using exponential test functions, to three-dimensional natural convection problems. The validity of the present method is shown for unsteady flows in a cubic enclosure through comparison with other existing numerical solutions.


Abstract The aim of this manuscript is to identify for the reader how communication gaps during handovers from hospital personnel to parents after pediatric day surgery can endanger patient safety. Variables analyzed include parent-reported quality of communication and hospital safety culture, medication safety, surgical wound care, and nausea and vomiting knowledge. Data are obtained via a 21-item questionnaire. The reader is informed of a technique for communication quality measurement that combines naturalistic observation of the discharge process, a theoretical model of discharge communication and safety domain modeling and analysis. The reader is informed via the discharge communication and safety domain model of the areas posing the most risk to patient safety in the post-discharge period.


Suppose there exists an almost everywhere linear countably separable scalar. In [16], the main result was the classification of sub-totally semi-stable subalegebras. We show that there exists a singular completely standard number. Is it possible to study sets? It is essential to consider that τI,t may be pseudo-one-to-one.


The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to designing software that will execute rapidly. Not all projects require fast software, but real tinle control applications often require fast responses. Readers of Measurement and Control will therefore often be involved in projects that need such fast responding software. The article is intended to be applicable to software for embedded controllers and microprocessors as well as for computers and microcomputers. This covers a range of products, from intelligent instruments to computers based in process control. I shall use the term 'processor' to indicate the unit that the software runs on. The reader should be aware that this could be a small microprocessor, a microcomputer or a large computer. In general, the problem of getting a program to run in a certain time can be solved by the brute strength approach of buying bigger, faster and more expensive processors. I will therefore make the assumption, usually realistic, that the engineer is operating within cost constraints that prohibit the use of mainframes to solve microcomputersized problems!


To determine the dependency scores, long‐term mortality and factors associated with mortality in older people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a fall.


FAIR wage in the water works industry may be defined as that which is in effect in a particular community for similar jobs with like duties and responsibilities. Because this definition leaves unanswered the question of whether the community wage level is right or wrong, a comparison of the compensation for like work in communities of like size can be helpful. Economic and climatic conditions


FLT3,a member of receptor tyrosine kinase III family,is primarily expressed by hematopoietic cells and plays a significant role in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.Activating mutations of FLT3 are the most frequent genetic lesions in acute leukemia.Patients with FLT3 mutations tend to have a poor prognosis.A number of FLT3 inhibitors have been developed and several of them have entered early phase clinical trials.FLT3 is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for acute leukemia.


The cold-rolled and cold-rolled-recovered commercial pure copper specimens with different initial grain sizes were recrystallized by means of laser beam heating. It was found that the texture in the cold-rolled samples with 15 m grain size (No.1) consists of Cube and cold-rolled components, but only cube presents in the cold-rolled samples with 35 m grain size (No.2). The Cube intensity in cold-rolled-recovered samples is higher than that in cold-rolled samples after recrystallization. when the samples were heated with shorter time (11.2ms), microscopic observation revealed that the microstructures are still cold-rolled ones, but the cold-rolled textures decrease greatly, while the Cube was not found to be increased. It is possible that grains with different orientations have more chance to nucleate and grow at initial stage of recrystallization in the case of laser heating, therefore, the preference for the Cube nucleation is partly limited, but the preferential growth for the Cube grains still exists.