FIELD: lighting. SUBSTANCE: device for controlling levels of light output by a solid state lighting load at low dimming levels includes a bleed circuit connected in parallel with solid state lighting load. Bleed circuit includes a resistor and a transistor connected in series, transistor being configured to turn on and off in accordance with a duty cycle of a digital control signal when a dimming level set by a dimmer is less than a predetermined first threshold, decreasing an effective resistance of bleed circuit as dimming level decreases. EFFECT: technical result is reduction of light output by means of solid-state lighting load, when phase or dimming of regulator is set to a low set value. 15 cl, 6 dwg


The increasing demand for highly realistic and immersive visual experiences has led to the emergence of richer 3D visual representation models such as light fields, point clouds and meshes. Light fields may be modelled as a 2D array of 2D views, corresponding to a large amount of data, which demands for highly efficient coding solutions. Although static light fields are inherently 4D structures, the coding solutions in the literature mostly employ traditional 2D coding tools associated with techniques such as depth-based image rendering to generate a residual, again to be coded using available 2D coding tools. To address the market needs, JPEG has launched the so-called JPEG Pleno standard, which Part 2 is dedicated to light field coding. The JPEG Pleno Light Field Coding standard includes two coding modes, one based on the 4D-DCT, so-called 4D-Transform mode, and another based on depth-based synthesis, so-called 4D-Prediction. The 4D-Transform coding mode standardizes for the first time a 4D-native light field coding solution where the full light field redundancy across the four dimensions is comprehensively exploited, somehow extending to 4D the 2D coding framework adopted decades ago by the popular JPEG Baseline standard. In this context, this paper describes and analyzes in detail the conceptual and algorithmic design process which has led to the creation of the JPEG Pleno Light Field Coding standard 4D-Transform coding mode. This has happened through a sequence of steps involving technical innovation design and integration where increasingly sophisticated coding tools have been combined and improved to maximize the final rate distortion (RD) performance.


This paper presents application of ZISC© IBM® neurocomputer based approach for estimating task complexity within T-DTS framework. T-DTS (Tree-like Divide To Simplify) is Hybrid Multiple Neural Networks software platform which constructs a neural tree structures of a complex problem following the paradigm "divide" and "conquer". Complexity estimator modules are the core of this framework. One of them is ZISC© IBM® complexity estimator that has been recently applied to T-DTS. The global aim of this research work is to increase T-DTS performance in terms of generalization and learning abilities. In this paper we demonstrate matchless ZISC© IBM® based neurocomputer complexity estimator effect on database decomposition and searching for optimal T-DTS adjustment of complexity threshold.


Naloxone (0.8–1.6 mg i.v.) effectively counteracted the clinical signs associated with benzodiazepine intoxication in 9 out of 10 emergency room patients. Naloxone (0.8–2.8 mg i.v.) also favorably influenced the state of consciousness in 9 out of 9 alcohol‐intoxicated patients. In cases of acute narcotic overdose, the action of naloxone is almost immediate. Since a longer time was required for naloxone to counteract benzodiazepine or alcohol intoxication, the mechanism of action may be different from that implied in narcotic overdose. In the present cases, naloxone may have acted directly on the respiratory or consciousness centres of the brain.


Nylon 66 yarn was exposed to near-ultraviolet radiation in a dry oxygen atmosphere for exposure periods up to 240 hr. Dye take-up, viscosity, and density measurements, DSC thermograms, and wideline nmr spectroscopy were employed to assess the effects of the irradiation. Measureable changes were observed with each analytical technique. It was concluded that exposure of nylon 66 to the above conditions caused considerable chain scission in the defect regions, there was no detectable crosslinking, and the newly freed chain ends relaxed resulting in a more highly ordered fiber structure.


This article discusses ethical dilemmas in early childhood education as identified by kindergarten and elementary school teachers (N = 26). Ethical dilemmas are investigated in the theoretical framework of moral relevance and moral conflict (Wallace 1988). Professional ethics challenges teachers to collaborate with colleagues and parents. The empirical findings present conflicts between teachers and parents, collegial conflicts between teachers, and cultural conflicts in the community. The method used in the study is a relational reading of teachers' narratives. Interpretative accounts are created to give room to different voices in teachers' written reports. The analysis of the data reveals that the ethical dilemmas in early childhood education are relational and deal with competing interpretations of "the best interest of the child". Relevance and conflict problems arise when people have to co-ordinate their actions with others. Most of the time, discussions have not produced the desired results. Ethical conflicts in teaching invite teachers to consider the moral relevance of each dilemma by taking the perspective of each party involved.


Three Representatives" thought makes profound impact on editorial work in institutions of higher learning. In order to implement the thought, editors should put emphasis on respects as follows: propagating advanced technological achievements; promoting advanced culture; giving service to teaching and science research.


Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought remarkable disruption to the ways in which healthcare was delivered. This study aimed to examine changes in pediatric healthcare utilization in Hunan Province, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An electronic survey was conducted among 142 hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Using data from January 1 to April 30, 2019 as a reference, the changes in the number of visits for different types of pediatric healthcare between January 1 and April 30, 2020 were calculated. Changes in the number of admissions for infections and injuries were also evaluated. Results The total number of pediatric healthcare presentations decreased by 53.3% in the first four months of 2020. The most remarkable reductions were observed in the utilization of emergency room (ranging from –45.7% to –94.9% among three hospital levels) and observation room (–55.8% to –77.7%); neonatal inpatient care experienced the smallest decreases (–21.2% to –25.5%). Approximately 85% of the total reduction in the number of pediatric inpatient admissions was attributable to the reduction in admissions for infections. A 13.3% increase in the number of admissions for injuries was observed among third-level hospitals. Conclusions The utilization of all types of pediatric healthcare services in Hunan Province declined markedly after the outbreak of COVID-19. The reasons, consequences, and responses to these changes should be addressed in future studies and actions.


Prolactin(PRL)is an important hormone which stimulates and maintains milk production.It regulates metabolism and transfers nutrition to breast from other tissue during lactation.Pre-adipocytes have been isolated from white adipose tissue of dairy cows and then differentiated into mature adipocytes in this study.Different concentrations of PRL were added to the mature adipocytes to study the effect of PRL on lipid metabolism.The results demonstrated the PRLR was expressed in bovine adipocytes and mRNA levels of PRLR reached the maximum at 9hafter75μg/L PRLtreatment in adipocytes.Meanwhile,the mRNA levels of lipogenesis regulator SREBP-1cand its target genes FAS and LPL were decreased significantly whereas lipolysis regulator HSL was increased significantly.Furthermore,75μg/L PRL treatment significantly increased the glycerinum in supernatant.Taken together,these results demonstrate that PRL increases the lipolysis and decreases the lipogenesis in bovine adipocytes directly through PRLR.


In this data paper we describe a data set obtained by means of performing an on-line survey to over 2,000 Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) contributors. The survey includes questions related to personal characteristics (gender, age, civil status, nationality, etc.), education and level of English, professional status, dedication to FLOSS projects, reasons and motivations, involvement and goals. We describe as well the possibilities and challenges of using private information from the survey when linked with other, publicly available data sources. In this regard, an example of data sharing will be presented and legal, ethical and technical issues will be discussed.


All three Philippine presidents following Ferdinand Marcos have their respec tive claims to fame. Coraz?n Aquino is credited for the restoration of formal democratic institutions and rights. Fidel Ramos's term from 1992 to 1998 saw the real economic growth rate reaching to its highest levels in over fifteen years at 6 per cent and market reforms put on track. Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada, on the other hand, vowed to help the poor ride the wave of economic development through what has been described as an ambitious synthesis of pro-poor and pro-market polices. This promise of social and economic re forms and individual charisma catapulted him to an overwhelming electoral victory in May 1998 and gave him tremendous confidence in his stature as head of state. As year 1999 drew to a close, however, national newspapers feasted on the reported dip in the Philippine President's popularity. The growing disaffec tion stemmed from the spate of corruption and cronyism scandals that struck the administration, and from President Estrada's drive to initiate a constitu tional change amid other pressing concerns. Multiple hikes in oil prices and the slow delivery of pro-poor programmes further dampened enthusiasm for the populist president. Two big rallies in Metro Manila and other cities in August and September 1999, attended by former President Coraz?n Aquino and Manila Archbishop Cardinal Jaime Sin, signalled the downslide. The year also saw an upsurge in rebel activity in the country. Disappointment over the poor national leadership overshadowed the rela tive success in stabilizing the economy, the judicial reforms that have been introduced by Hilari?n Davide, the new chief justice of the Supreme Court, and the decline in cases of kidnapping of rich ethnic Chinese as a result of the tough anti-crime policy of Estrada's controversial Philippine National Police chief Panfilo "Ping" Lacson. The Philippine economy inched slowly towards some measure of recovery from the 1997 financial crisis. Inflation fell from 10 per cent in January to 3.9 per cent by November 1999, and the peso/dollar exchange rate was stable at


Enzymatic (glucose oxidase) measurement of glucose concentrationin the fluid compartmentof Psammomys erythrocytes (Gfe) and of its concentration in the fluid compartment of blood plasma (Gfp) gives the ratio (mean ± SD): Gfe/Gfp = 1.50 ± 0.43 (n = 12, 23 #{176}C). However, when we added 3Hlabeled glucose(G*) in vitro to the whole blood, the ratio alter 2 mm was G*fe/G*fp 0.90 (SD 0.11) and after 5 mm G*fe/G*fp = 0.97 (SD 0.12). These calculations were based on previous determination of the fractional volumes of the fluidand non-fluidcompartmentsin Psammomys blood.The results suggest that there is more than one compartmentof measurable glucose in Psammomys erythrocytes.Glucose undergoes a fast free transfer between the plasma and the erythrocytefluids,and a muchslower transmissionto another measurable compartment in the erythrocyte,where it is loosely bound to other molecules. This loosely bound glucose does not participate in the fast kinetic transmission across the erythrocytemembrane,butit is measurablebythe glucose-oxidase-based method. Preliminary studies on human erythrocytes lead to similar conclusions.


We revise the one-pair complex-poles soliton solutions on a Kasner background. In the literature, these were rejected as solutions with no cosmological interest due to singularities that supposedly show up at space-like infinity. The only accepted solutions of this kind were those with background metric parameter . By computing the scalars we find that there are no scalar singularities at all, for a wide range of the background parameter d. This means that there are actually an enormous number of acceptable simple complex-poles solutions, besides the cases. These solutions are interesting, because they are much simpler than the two-pairs complex poles solutions and, consequently, it is easier to draw conclusions and relate physical phenomena to them.


Proteins need to fold into a "correct" 3D structure for its intended task within the cell. A protein having 101 amino acid residues has 2 (> 10) degrees of internal freedom (considering only the two rotational angles – u and ψ – present at all Cα atoms; we ignore here the side chain degrees of freedom at Cβ). Levinthal (1968, 1969) rightly pointed out that a random search for the native conformation is out of the question, and the protein folding problem (PFP) has remained an enigma even today. Although we perhaps understand the underlying processes much better today, and judging by the number of publications that has appeared during the last decade (Figure 1), the problem has no clear final solution as of now. There has been a renewed interest in the PFP because a reliable computational tool to predict the 3D structure of a protein can be a very useful alternative to the expensive and laborious X-ray method widely used for the protein structure determination. In a recent publication, Ben-Naim (2012) has claimed, correctly in our opinion, that the PFP has several components, and the most interesting and challenging is the question: "How does the protein fold into the correct native structure?" In our opinion, some of the points raised are valid, whereas many are not.


A new analysis process was applied to the Ames MC–400 floor balance calibration data set. The new process uses an automatic math term selection algorithm in order to determine two possible math models for the analysis. The first math model is called the permitted math model. It consists of the largest number of terms that the calibration load schedule supports. The second math model is called the recommended math model. It uses only the most significant terms of each gage. Calibration load residuals for both math models were compared. Residuals show very small differences. In addition, check load residuals of load combinations were compared that were not a part of the original calibration load schedule. Again, residuals for both math models are small. They are equal or below an upper bound of the estimated check load error. In conclusion, investigations showed that calibration load and check load residuals of the recommended math model are as good as corresponding residuals of the permitted math model even though the recommended math model uses less than half the number of math terms of the permitted math model. Therefore, the recommended math model may be a better choice for balance calibration analysis as simplicity helps guard against overfitting calibration data.


To improve understanding of rising cesarean section (CS) rates in the UK, this study assessed the relation between clinician thresholds for performing CS for delayed labor progress or suspected fetal distress and corresponding CS rates in Aberdeen, UK.


Understanding people's perceptions and knowledge about birds in an endemic bird area is a prerequisite for bird conservation. This is more so in the case of non-charismatic birds such as owls. In this context, we conducted a questionnaire survey about owls in the North Andaman Island between January 2016 and 2018. We interviewed 203 respondents from six market places in North Andaman tehsil, and collected data on their socio-economic status as well as their knowledge on owls. Although all the respondents were familiar with owls, only 9% of them identified all species of owls in the Andaman Islands. Around 98% of respondents were aware of owl diets, either partly or wholly. We found several superstitious beliefs revolving around owls. Two species, Otus sunia and Ninox obscura were associated with negative beliefs while Tyto deroepstorffi was associated with positive beliefs. Generalized linear model with the demographical predictors showed that positive attitudes towards owls is associated with age (older), education (literacy), revenue villages and temporary houses. We conclude that Tyto deroepstorffi had the highest positive values among islanders and hence, may be considered as a focal species to create awareness about owls and to protect other endemic owls of the Andaman Islands. Awareness programmes targeting younger, illiterate people, and land encroachers may help in conservation of cryptic owl species of Andaman.


This container 20 for bubble production comprises: a container main body 21 provided with an opening part; and a rubber stopper 221 provided to the opening part of the container main body 21. The rubber stopper 221 is configured such that is it possible to pierce a needle therethrough and extract bubbles 1 from within the container main body 21. In addition, the container 20 for bubble production preferably further comprises a fastening section 222 that comprises an opening, is provided on the rubber stopper 221, and seals the container main body 21 together with the rubber stopper 221. Furthermore, the container main body 21 is preferably provided with a weight part.


The method of equidistance was developed in the practice of delimitation of the territorial sea between the coastal states, and has been applied broadly in international maritime delimitation practice. The provisions on equidistance provided in the international treaties, its history of development, international cases, China's practice in delimitation of sea area between the provinces are discussed. Legal position of the method of equidistance and its role in international delimitation practice are also analyzes. This will play a guiding role in understanding correctly and applying accurately the method of equidistance in delimitation of sea area; between the provinces.


Tomato production is affected with various factors like insects, diseases, low yields, crop failures, heat complexes and salinity that need systematic breeding effort. Considering the importance of tomato as a potential vegetable both as domestic consumption as well as export market, it is important to increase its productivity along with desirable attributes through genetic manipulation (Iregna Tasisa International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Political Culture is perception and approach of people in relation to politics and political system, which at the same time is an important factor in determining the type of political system and plays an important role in stabilizing democracy. So far, less importance has been given to the role of culture in politics and determining the type of political system in Kurdistan. This research is titled political culture of Kurdistan factors and features, which is also the first research on this topic. The purpose of the research is to show the features and factors of the political culture of the Kurdistan region, which is finally reflected in its politics and political system. Analytical research has been done based on historical and library methods.


Objective To find out the present situation of standardized setup of vaccination clinics in Guangzhou,and to provide reference for the government to make vaccination strategies.Methods According to the Guidelines for Standardized Setup of Vaccination Clinics in Guangdong Province,we investigated 210 standard vaccination clinics in Guangzhou city in 2009.The investigation results were compared with the Annual Report of Immunization Program in 2003 when 174 standard vaccination clinics were constructed.Results In 2009,98.1% of the vaccination clinics met the floor area requirement.In 2003,only 41.1% met the requirement.The difference was statistically significant(χ2=153,P0.01).The staff /population ratios increased from 1.29 per 100 000 in 2003 to 1.70 per 100 000 in 2009.On average each staff member administered 2 415 and 1 517 vaccinations in 2009 and 2003,respectively.Conclusions The vaccination clinics in Guangzhou are being gradually improved.More efforts should be made to meet the new requirement of immunization program.


Stimulant medications represent the main effective treatment in improving the core symptoms of
ADHD. However, in the last 30 years, there has been increasing concern about the risks
associated with these medications in particular with respect to possible growth deficits, due to their
impact on weight, height and BMI. The aim of this work was to provide an extensive update of the
literature on methylphenidate (MPH) long-term adverse effects on growth and pubertal maturation
in ADHD and to evaluate, within the prospective pharmaco-vigilance EU funded ADDUCE (ADHD
DRUGS USE CHRONIC EFFECTS) study, whether MPH for ADHD is associated with a
statistically and clinically significant increase in long-term (> 1 year) risk of negative effects on the
rate of growth velocity and on bone and pubertal maturation and to explore the application of the
monitoring of bone age as a helpful tool able to add value to the routine measures of growth within
the clinical care.
The systematic review included a Pubmed and a centralized search carried out up to July 2015,
using Ovid Medline, Embase and PsychInfo. The review was centred on human studies focusing
on the impact of MPH exposure on growth in ADHD children and adolescents diagnosed according
to DSM criteria. In total 38 eligible studies were identified covering a total of 6385 subjects.
Analysis of the impact of MPH was performed in 3790 subjects. Nineteen studies did not support
the hypothesis of a correlation between a growth deficit and treatment. Nineteen studies (n =2018
subjects) found instead significant changes on height, weight and BMI z scores. Height deficit
appeared more evident during the first 6-12 months with a subsequent normalization. Dose, drug
holidays, the length of treatment and the basal growth parameter appeared as possible important
mediating factors.
Within the multicentre ADDUCE longitudinal study, a total of 1397 subjects have been enrolled in
the four countries involved into the projects (Italy, Germany, Hungary and UK). For the purpose of
the present work, growth parameters were analysed for 267 Italian children and adolescents (129
drug naive ADHD starting MPH for the first time; 113 unmedicated ADHD and 25 non ADHD),
aged 6 to 17 years old. Weight, height and BMI, their Z-scores and pubertal maturation were
assessed at baseline and every six months within 24 months of follow up. Height velocity and the
SDS for height velocity were calculated at 12 and 24 months. Bone age by the X-ray of left wrist
was further assessed for 44 drug naive ADHD children, aged 6-12, at three time points of the
ADDUCE longitudinal protocol, baseline visit and after 12 and 24 months. Baseline data analysis
revealed normal growth parameters for the ADHD population with height, weight and BMI Z-score
within the expected growth national norms. At the 12 and 24 month observation, absolute values of
height and weight continued to increase in all subjects. Medication did not cause any significant
impact on height neither on pubertal maturation. BMI Z-score decreased significantly only during
the first 12 month of treatment (p=.04). Growth velocity SDS at T12 was not significantly different
when compared to T24. The calculation of the predicted adult height by using the bone age
confirmed no suppressive effect of stimulants on height remaining substantially similar at the
different time-points of follow up (T0= 178.37 ±7.2; T12=177.18±7.8; T24=178.63±8.0).
In conclusion, results from the present work revealed that the condition of ADHD per se does not
appear to include an altered pattern of growth and that MPH has a modest impact mainly on
weight and only a marginal effect on height with a minimal clinical influence generally remittent in
adulthood. On the bases of the present evidences is however considered appropriate to refer to
the current clinical guidelines for an adequate drug monitoring of growth and pubertal parameters
in children on stimulant medication.


Cinnamon extract's effectiveness as a renoprotective has not been previously investigated due to its widespread use in daily life, either as a cooking ingredient or as a herb. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness extract of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) as a renoprotective in lowering urea levels in the kidneys. An in vivo experimental study with a pre-post test and control group design was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine's Animal House and Biotechnology Laboratories. Male white rats (Rattus norvegicus)  were used as the research subjects. Thirty rat were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, cinnamon extract at 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW. The data were processed using   SPSS 22.0. Cinnamon extract doses of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW were the most effective in reducing urea levels and suspending the progression of the renal fibrosis process in Wistar male white rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model.


Secrecy outage probability is an important performance measure for physical layer security techniques. In this letter, analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability in the presence of randomly moving interfering users and Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading are derived. The derivation employs the random waypoint model for user mobility and the Gamma approximation for the aggregate interference. Numerical results are presented to quantify the impact of several important system parameters on the secrecy performance. They also show that the interference leads to a lower limit of the secrecy outage probability.


The dental lamina gives rise to the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), a common odontogenic cyst that affects the maxillofacial region.The OKC is distinct from other jaw cysts and is more likely to return when combined with aggressive clinical behavior. The recurrence ratein OKC is 25%–30%. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) group categorized odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) as a tumor andproposed the abbreviation KCOT to differentiate the condition from the ortho keratinizing variant. The WHO reclassified KCOT as OKC in2017 based on data demonstrating non-neoplastic clinical behavior. The 30-year-old male in this case study has OKC in the ramus and body ofhis jaw, near the right mandibular molar tooth. When the patient reported to us, he complained of pain and swelling, 48 was clinically absent,and there was an enlargement of the buccal and lingual cortical plates. Palpation revealed tenderness in the region distal to 48. CBCT revealeda sizable radiolucent lesion, making it difficult to determine whether it was an odontogenic keratocyst or ameloblastoma in the body and lowerpart of the ramus on the right side. Histopathology findings corroborated OKC's diagnosis. As a precaution, the affected teeth were extracted,marsupialization was done, and an ongoing follow-up was done for an additional 1.5 years. There hasn't been a recurrence of OKC, and itshowed good healing. This case study aims to demonstrate the need for dentists to do in-depth investigations into each circumstance and offerpatients better treatment options with ongoing patient monitoring and follow-up. Enucleation, marsupialization, and other surgical techniquesare possible; however, in this case, our objective was to preserve the patient's mandible and facial features.


Herein, we present a two-step activation process to achieve surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and covalently grafted poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) polyzwitterion brush...


Criteria for estimating RF interference, idle channel noise, channel utilization, medium access delay can be obtained from measurements of STA throughput, BSS throughput and frame error rate. Furthermore, a combination of such ratios and rate of change analysis, it is possible to obtain a reference from a conventional item list that is directly measured. RF interference is measured indirectly by measuring the change in the by measuring the total power of the idle channel or communication channel efficiency and frame errors.


ABSTRACT Let be populations with having an inverse Gaussian distribution with unknown mean and unknown scale-like parameter , respectively. We study the problem of classification of an observation when prior information suggests some orderings on parameters. When the means are equal but unknown, we derive plug-in Bayes classification rules based on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), Graybill-Deal type estimator and shrinkage estimator of the common mean. When all parameters are unknown and unequal, we also derive likelihood ratio-based classification rules. For more than two populations, we suggest ordered rules when s follow an ordering. When the means are unequal, we also derive rules assuming ordering among either s or s. Extensive simulations are carried out to compare the proposed rules with respect to expected probabilities of correct classification. Applications of these classification rules are described using real data sets.


This paper presents a high performance and low cost architecture for H.264/AVC baseline profile entropy encoder. In the proposed design, an efficient method is used to design CAVLC to reduce the hardware cost. The regularity of nC calculation allows the architecture in reducing area. With the synthesis constraint of 100Mhz clock, the logic gate count of the proposed design is 16K gates based on a 0.18 mum TSMC cell library. The power consumption of the proposed hardware is 2.5mW at 27Mhz and 1.8V. The implemented architecture can achieve the real-time processing requirement for HD 1080 format video sequences.


The utility model provides an antenna device and including this antenna device's electron device. Antenna device includes the dielectric substrate, the net, the first portion of net, second portion with the net, the dielectric substrate is formed by transparent material, the net includes the wire in at least one in a plurality of surfaces of dielectric substrate, the first portion of net has the radiation conductor by the one -tenth of the first in group in the wire, the second portion of net has the illusory pattern by the one -tenth of the second in group in the wire, wherein, illusory pattern includes that at least one is interrupted the part, in being interrupted the part, some parts of second wire are broken off so that form the first portion of radiation conductor and the net electricity disconnection except that the first portion, and the first in group in the wire become have with the wire in the different line width of line width of second group.


AIM
To investigate the effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) analogs on the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) in submandibular gland cells of rats in vitro.

METHODS
The submandibular gland cells of rats were incubated in vitro and LH analogs at various concentration were added to the medium. The never growth factor (NGF) was detected by enzyme-link immunoassay (ELISA).

RESULTS
When LH analogs were at the concentration of 10(-6), 10(-4), 10(-2) U/L respectively, the secretion of NGF was gradually increased. However, when LH analogs were at the concentration of 10(-2), 10(0), 10(2) U/L respectively, the secretion of NGF was gradually decreased. When LH analogs (10(-5) IU/mL) were incubated at different time, the secretion of NGF was different. NGF reached the peak value when it was incubated for 8 h and then decreased gradually.

CONCLUSION
LH analogs may regulate the secretion of NGF in the submaxillary gland cells of rats.


The utility model discloses fresh fruit juice beer production equipment which comprises a juicer, a raw fruit juice storage tank, a delivery pump, a high-temperature plate heat exchanger, a plate type cooling heat exchanger, a filter, a cooked fruit juice storage tank, two scale metering tubes and a finished product tank, wherein the juicer is connected with the raw fruit juice storage tank; the raw fruit juice storage tank is connected with the delivery pump; the delivery pump is connected with the high-temperature plate heat exchanger; the high-temperature plate heat exchanger is connected with the plate type cooling heat exchanger; the plate type cooling heat exchanger is connected with the filter; the filter is connected with the cooked fruit juice storage tank; the cooked fruit juice storage tank is connected with the finished product tank by virtue of the first scale metering tube; and the second scale metering tube is connected with the finished product tank. The equipment disclosed by the utility model is used for producing fresh squeezed juice beer, the beer does not contain a stabilizer or a preservative, the alcohol content of the beer is not reduced basically, and the cleaning operation of the inner pipeline can be performed; and meanwhile, the safety and taste of the fruit juice beer are improved.


This research focuses on study and extraction of web pages and documents are returned from goggle search engine. The useful task of web is to exactly match the accurate information. That information are categorized into many ways such as manual, structured, semistructured texts and images. Query Result Records (QRR's) is used to extract the text information from the different type of documents. Data region is used to identify the actual segmentation step and the domain of documents contains suffix and prefix. Time compared to the existing pruning and other techniques are more efficient in manner. We analyze the different type of alignments in this paper and propose a new technique for alignment retrieval to find precision and recall evaluating the retrieval performance.


The utility model relates to a fixed-valve salvageable type tubular anti-gas oil pump that is used in the gas-containing oil well in the oil field. The pump comprises a pull rod, an annular valve, an upper base sealing device, a plunger assembly, a pump cylinder, a salvaging assembly, a bottom base sealing assembly, and so on. The pump cylinder is connected with a top bearing joint; the pull rod is arranged in the top base sealing assembly that is arranged in the top bearing joint; the pull rod joint is connected with the pull rod; the annular anti-gas valve is sleeved on the pull rod; the two ends of the plunder are respectively provided with an upper traveling valve and a lower traveling valve; the salvaging head at the lower end of the lower traveling valve is connected with a fixed valve puller; the fixed valve puller is connected with the fixed valve; and the bottom of the pump cylinder is provided with a mechanical sealing mechanism that consists of the bottom base sealing assembly and a bottom bearing joint. The pump can operate normally in the gas-containing oil well, effectively prevent the gas locking, prolong the service life, and improve the pumping efficiency. When the pump needs to be repaired, the plunger assembly and the fixed valve can be extracted through simple operation on the ground, which reduces the operating cost of taking out the oil pipe when the fixing valve needs to be repaired.


Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have found several applications in various fields from homeland security to personalized health care. However, rendering MEMS into autonomous wireless systems operating in any given environment requires the integration of energy harvesters into the MEMS structures, ensuring thus the self-powering of the devices. In this work, we investigated the mechanical and magnetic properties of Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) thin films, with the goal to implement them into electromagnetic energy harvesters. The films were deposited by sputtering on suspended silicon cantilevers fabricated with a front-side micromachining process. The magnetic films, grown under various pressures and thermally annealed at several temperatures and ambient conditions, were studied in terms of their mechanical and magnetic properties. Depending on the fabrication parameters, the stresses that developed in the magnetic material, deposited on top of the cantilevers, are altered from compressive (downward deflection of the cantilevers) to tensile (upward deflection), indicating that it is possible to control not only the magnetic properties of the films, but also the mechanical properties of the complete structure. Our results suggest that SmCo magnetic films are suitable candidates for integration in suspended structures for the development of electromagnetic micro-generators.


The invention discloses an ointment for a haemorrhoid physical sign. The ointment for the haemorrhoid physical sign is mainly prepared from phryma leptostachya, plantain herb, mint, folium mori, fructus viticis, root of red-rooted salvia, fructus evodiae, borneol, Vaseline and the like. After the ointment is coated on the back part of a patient, the physical sign of the haemorrhoid can be quickly and completely shown on the back part, so that the illness state can be found out for treating the haemorrhoid; and in particular for treating the haeomorrohoid by operation, the ointment is more beneficial to achieving the purposes of quickly and effectively relieving the pains and completely curing the hemorrhoid.


The ability to manage and administer finance is a critical aspect that should be given serious considerations in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Every inflow and outflow of cash will affect the financial report of an SMEs business. Therefore, this study was done to determine the maintenance of accounting records competencies among the micro SMEs (manufacturing sector) in the division of Mukah, Sarawak. A total of 37 micro SMEs (manufacturing sector) registered with the Mukah District Council were chosen to answer a questionnaire provided to them. Descriptive analysis was done on the data collected in the form of frequency and percentage using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0) software. The study reveals more than a half SMEs (manufacturing sector) in Mukah Division have poor accounting records maintenance due to low knowledge on accounting, poor attitude on accounting practice and low awareness on the importance of maintenance accounting records. Therefore as the language of the business, the practice of maintenance accounting records among the micro SMEs (manufacturing sector) needs to be refined and adhered to. The researcher suggests that the government need to be more assertive in ensuring the owners of businesses prepare financial statements according to existing standards. Other than that, professional bodies and learning institutions need to work together to produce a recording system that is easy to use, to understand, reliable, accurate, consistent and would be able to provide information at any time. For the micro SMEs (manufacturing sector), the culture of continuous learning should be sown in them so that they would not stop learning after a certain level. Knowledge and skills need to supplemented and amended continuously to ensure the businesses are maintained and thrive in the future.


Seven triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the seeds of Chenopodium pallidicaule (Chenopodiaceae). Of these compounds, four were identified as known saponins of oleanolic acid and phytolaccagenic acid. The other three compounds, named 1−3, are new saponins. The structures of these saponins were determined to be:  (1) hederagenin 3-O-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; (2) phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; and (3) phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. All structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Keywords: Canihua; Chenopodium pallidicaule; chenopodiaceae; South American crop; triterpene glycosides; 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR


This study aims to identify the orthographic 1 features that present particular difficulties to English L1-KFL learners, to classify them in terms of their type, frequency and pattern. A sound understanding of the nature and pattern of the errors should form the basis for adequate linguistic explanations and prepare the way for pedagogical measures to deal with the problematic areas. For this purpose, the study has 1) quantified and documented spelling errors from data sources; 2) stated the frequency of each type of error by a quantitative method; 3) linguistically classified errors by types and patterns; and 4) attempted to interpret descriptive statistical results and explain possible causes for some main errors.


We have performed low-temperature $(T=15\mathrm{K})$ spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy of nanoscale Fe islands with a height of two atomic layers, grown on a stepped W(110) surface and surrounded by a closed monolayer (ML) Fe. These islands are single domain particles up to a coverage of 1.5 pseudomorphic ML and keep an antiferromagnetic out-of-plane ordering far beyond the onset of their coalescence. For small islands we observe a reorientation to in-plane magnetization between 2 and 3 nm island width due to exchange coupling to the in-plane magnetized ML.


In this paper a control system which achieves ideal brake force distribution between the front and the rear wheels of a vehicle during normal braking is studied. Ideal brake proportioning is achieved by dynamically controlling the rear-wheel speed to track the front-wheel speed. A simple linear model of an electro-hydraulic brake actuator was developed. This model is derived from experimental response data. Based on this model, a robust servomechanism controller, which achieves ideal brake proportioning by rear-wheel speed control, is designed, implemented and tested. Test results indicate that the robust servomechanism controller achieves a very good wheel speed tracking performance.


Recent studies reported a decrease in the mortality of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. This favorable evolution could not extend to women. The interaction between gender and mortality in STEMI remains controversial.

 To assess the impact of female sex on mortality of patients with STEMI through of period of 11 years.

 We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using information provided by the minimal database system of the Spanish National Health System to identify all hospitalizations in patients aged 35–94 years with the principal diagnosis of STEMI from 2005–2015.

 A total of 325,017 STEMI were identified. Of them, 273,182 were included, and 106,277 (38.8%) were women. Women were older than men and had more comorbidities. Through the study period 53% men vs 37.2% underwent PTCA; women presented more frequently heart failure, shock and stroke than men (p<0.001, respectively). The mean crude in-hospital mortality rate for the whole study period was higher in women (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 2.12.-2.23, p<0.0001). Female sex was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14–1.22, p<0.001) (Table 1). The risk was maintained through the whole study period (lower OR: 1.14 in 2014; higher OR: 1.28 in 2006).
 Table 1. Variables independently associated with in-hospital mortality adjusted by risk in a multilevel logistic regression model, 2005–2015 STEMI In-hospital mortality Odds Ratio P 95% CI Woman 1.18 <0.001 1.14 1.22 Age 1.06 <0.001 1.06 1.06 History of PTCA 1.58 <0.001 1.40 1.77 Congestive heart failure 1.26 <0.001 1.22 1.30 Acute Myocardial Infarction 1.84 <0.001 1.54 2.20 Anterior myocardial infarction 1.47 <0.001 1.23 1.76 Cardio-respiratory failure or shock 15.25 <0.001 14.78 15.75 Hypertension 0.81 <0.001 0.79 0.84 Stroke 5.76 <0.001 5.18 6.42 Cerebrovascular disease 0.86 <0.001 0.79 0.93 Renal failure 1.95 <0.001 1.88 2.02 Vascular disease and complications 7.03 <0.001 5.72 8.63 CI, Confidence Interval.

 Female sex is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with STEMI in Spain, maintaining through a period of the 11 years.


ABSTRACT Breeding programs must harvest edamame soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at the immature (R6) stage for yield and quality determinations, and at the mature (R8) stage for seed-source purposes. If correlations of important breeding traits between the R6 and R8 stages were strong, breeders could perform indirect selection, at least during early stages in the breeding process, thus saving resources and time. The objective of this research was to estimate correlation coefficients between the R6 and R8 stages of edamame for key traits, including yield, texture, protein, mineral, and soluble sugar content. Three edamame lines and a conventional cultivar were grown at two Arkansas locations for 3 years. Correlation coefficients were strong and positive between the R6 and R8 stages for protein (r = 0.74), iron (r = 0.73), and texture (r = 0.72), and moderate and positive for yield (r = 0.67), sucrose (r = 0.58), and calcium (r = 0.57). In conclusion, breeders could perform indirect selection for high yield, soft texture, and high protein and sucrose contents using mature seeds.


With genetic studies showing unquestionable Asian origins of the first Americans, the Siberian and Beringian archaeological records are absolutely critical for understanding the initial dispersal of modern humans in the Western Hemisphere. The genetics-based Beringian Standstill Model posits a three-stage dispersal process and necessitates several expectations of the archaeological record of northeastern Asia. Here we present an overview of the Siberian and Beringian Upper Paleolithic records and discuss them in the context of a Beringian Standstill. We report that not every expectation of the model is met with archaeological data at hand.


Based on the tests on the original model of the Xiate Hydropower station,the structural size of the funnel including funnel's diameter,height of the suspended slab,the diameter and the eccentric distance of the bottom sand outlet,dimensions of the import culvert should be optimized for rising up the sand interception rate and saving more water.Under the design flow discharge of 112.8 m3/s,the original suspended slab raised the water level up both on the suspended slap and in the diversion channel which higher bulkheads were asked for,the air eddy was unstable.After the height of the suspended slap and the eccentric distance of the bottom sand outlet had been optimized,the water level decreased obviously,the air eddy was stable in the funnel while sand interception and water consumption rate were satisfactory.


Higher plants produce numerous extractable organic substances which are in great demand throughout the world. These include both primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites (carbohydrates, polysaccharides) are high volume and low value bulk materials while the secondary metabolites (drugs, flavorings, pesticides) are high value, low bulk subsfances. This overview presenfs numerous economically important plant drugs of current importance with sources and some prices, along with difficulties in handling. I n addition, numerous nutritional products of natural origin are given with their uses and purporled medical value. Reference sources of information on these is also provided.


This paper presents the study carried out on the utilization of Waste Glass Powder (WGP) as supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The evaluation of the influence of WGP on the mechanical properties of concrete was carried out by casting and testing of concrete samples as per ASTM standards (cylinders and beam elements). The control samples were designed to represent field conditions with a target compressive strength of 20,000 kPa. The Portland cement in concrete was substituted with WGP in proportions of 0%-35% by weight, in increments of 5%. Two curing domains were adopted in the preparation of the test samples to evaluate the effect of pozzolanic material wherein the tested samples were cured for 28, 56, and 84 days. The study results indicated a reduction in compressive strength of concrete up to 10% with partial replacement of cement with 25% of WGP when standard curing of 28 days was adopted. Furthermore, with the same replacement proportion and prolonged curing for 84 days, the gap in strength reduction was reduced by 5%. However, a significant decrease in workability was noted between the control concrete samples and glass powder infused concrete. Furthermore, the Waste Glass Powder Concrete (WGPC) exhibited an improved flexural strength with the modulus of rupture for WGPC being 2% higher than control concrete at the age of 84 days. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that 25% replacement of cement with WGP provides an optimum replacement ratio. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091620 Full Text: PDF


The theoretical performance of a newly developed multi-cyclone system known as MR-deDuster was investigated in term of its collection efficiency tested on a different type of particles. In addition, the performance of the system was also evaluated based on the various diameter of its vortex finder. A modified version of semi-empirical equations introduced by Lapple was used in the prediction. The results showed that the collection efficiency of the system increases with the diameter of vortex finder and density of particles. Details of the finding are discussed and presented in this paper.


Nine months of experience on the disability board of General Hospital No. 9, where we have had unusual clinical opportunities for the study of patients suffering from various forms of cardiac disorder, have enabled us to draw some practical conclusions which may be of use to demobilizing boards. The determination of disability hinges on diagnosis, so we may consider, in some detail, the classification of cases as they appear for discharge. Functional cardiac disorder may be considered first. In this nomenclature, we have followed the revised manual of the Medical Department in preference to the other terms which are coming into more or less general use, such as "effort syndrome," and "neurocirculatory asthenia." The classification adopted covers various types under this heading, cardiac disorder functional, namely, constitutional inferiority; defective physical development; neurotic type; postinfectious type; postrheumatic type. In the diagnosis of cases of cardiac disease the history is of the


Wireless network switch is generally used for base station environment.External interference signal affects its normal work through the signal line or shell.Based on the above situation,The paper analyses the test principle of RF conducted immunity in GR-1089-CORE.The problem is also discussed in the test.And a series of countermeasures are put forward to strengthen the conducted immunity capability of wireless network switch from the filter selection and circuit design two-pronged approach.


A case of perforation of the uterus by the Multiload Cu250 IUD in a 28 year old Malay woman is presented. The Multiload Cu250 is a newer device, introduced in 1974, and the mode of insertion (withdrawal) makes perforation with this IUD unlikely and to date no such case had been reported. The patient, para 3, had a period of amenorrhea of 7 weeks. A menstrual regulation procedure was performed, and a Multiload Cu250 IUD was inserted. A right lower abdominal cramp was experienced by the patient soon after insertion. She continued to have this pain off and on thereafter, which compelled her to consult her general practitioner again 2 weeks later. On examination the nylon thread was not visible at the cervical os. A plain X-ray abdomen was performed and showed the stem of the IUD to be just above the level of the right iliac crest. At laparoscopy the IUD was found superficially embedded in the omentum at the right iliac fossa. Removal of the IUD was done with the aid of a Palmer biopsy forceps inserted through a separate incision suprapubically. The uterus appeared normal with no evidence of perforation. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The Multiload IUD is unique in that its shape is broad and the withdrawal technique of insertion is unlikely to cause perforation at the time of insertion. The most likely predisposing cause of translocation in this patient is the soft postabortal uterus. Thus, caution is advised against immediate postabortal insertion of this IUD.


We have studied the absorption of monochromatic microwave radiation in high-quality two-dimensional electron systems for the frequency span from 10 to 380 GHz using a bolometric method. For frequencies above 100 GHz the absorption exhibits an anomalous magnetic field dependence. Minima form at harmonics of the cyclotron resonance frequency. The results contrast previously reported data for other frequency ranges. Quasiclassical memory effects originating from the non-Markovian dynamics of electrons in a disorder potential containing short-range scatterers on top of a smooth potential background favorably account for the observed behavior.


The article presents some results of the scientific of the research diagnostic readiness of children for learning at school. The newest approaches to the diagnostic assessment of a child's readiness for school were characterized. There is shown the novelty of the research on this issue. In particular, it consists of the development, and substantiation of complex methodological tools for assessing the readiness of older preschool children to study in primary school in the period of the reformation of the school system, taking into account new educational trends of competence approach to assessing their personal development. The diagnostic tasks were created. The "Magic Transformations" is a set of diagnostic testing actions for studying the child's readiness for school. This method combines pedagogical and psychological methods of examination. It is based on the process of interaction between an adult and a child The authors note that the main criterion of the current state of readiness of the child to study in primary school is the established manifestation of indicators of intellectual, motivational, emotional, and volitional maturity of the child, which is reflected in the statistically generalized and average values. The obtained quantitative data will be considered as a reference point for the first approximation to predict the success of the child's future learning activities.


Human T cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and a chronic progressive neurological disease termed HTLVI associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The neuropathologic features of HAM/TSP include destruction of both myelin and axons. predominantly in the lower thoracic cord.' Previous observations show an infiltration of CD8+ cells in the spinal cord of one HAM/TSP patient.' Several quantitative studies have shown the presence of high levels of circulating HTLV-I-specilk. CD8 +, cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in the peripheral blood and from lymphocytes present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of affected individual^.^-' These data support the theory that CTL may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The target of these CTL within the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown.


Stratified viscous flows over idealized two-dimensional ridges were simulated. Results are presented which first employ periodic lateral boundary conditions and a rigid lid at the top. The top condition is then replaced by an open-top boundary condition. Finally, several calculations are presented with certain non-periodic lateral boundary conditions. 6 references, 4 figures. (ACR)


Tires represent a critical spare part in mines. There is a shortage of medium and large tires. In addition, with increased mining activities and the creation of new mines, the demand for tires has increased significantly. Thus, it is particularly important for mining engineers to identify tire characteristics and correctly manage the spare part inventory. Spare parts management is critical from an operational perspective, especially in asset intensive industries, such as mining, as well as in organizations owning and operating costly assets. A knowledge of the tires' behavior (historical data) must be considered together with the operating environment conditions (covariates). This study uses multiple regression analysis based on Cox's regression model to incorporate machine operating environment information into systems reliability analysis to estimate spare parts. It considers a proportional hazard model and a stratified Cox regression model for time independent and dependent covariates. Based on the results, the study develops a mathematical model for spare parts estimation at the component level for non-repairable parts (tires). It validates the outcomes using a case study of loader tires in Sungun mine in Iran. There is a significant difference in the results of spare parts forecasting and inventory management when considering and not considering covariates.


Current debates about reconceptualization of matter and posthumanism share a renewed scholarly interest in ontological views that will make it possible to overcome the vice of anthropocentrism. Also, these theoretical approaches are presented, either directly or indirectly, as platforms of articulation for a new vitalism. However, the conceptualization of life advanced by those theoretical approaches is both insufficient and unsatisfactory. Its vitalistic ontology lacks an 'untimely' perspective, thus, it does not adequately inquire into the phenomenon of life. This paper proposes a project of radical allokronia, capable of answering two major questions: a) in relation to posthumanism, how can life be addressed without falling again into the vice of anthropocentrism, and b) in reference to new materialism, what does the emergence of life imply for the material agency of the Universe.


Orthopedic practice involves a major burden of patients presenting with back pain which may involve upper or cervical region, mid back or thoracic region and lower back or lumbosacral region. The pain may remain restricted to specific region or radiate downwards depending on the specific root involved. The causes of pain vary depending on various parameters like age of patient, lifestyle habits, occupation, gender related, geographical distribution and pathology involved. A study is being conducted to analyse the various factors involved in generation of symptomatic pain in adult population. Both male and female patients are being involved in study. The age group being studied includes ages between 20 years to 45 years. Both developmental and degenerative pathologies are being excluded from the study. The results are analysed in terms of average age at presentation, sex distribution of patients, occupational distribution and primary treatment modalities being used.


This work aimed to study the production and characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) polymer films to be used later in the production of primary dressings for wound treatment. The polymers chosen were pharmaceutical grade and mixtures thereof were prepared in the ratio of 9:1 PVA / CMC. The polymers were initially mixed in a closed Haake Rheomix blend chamber in order to promote physical blends. In this step, 6 mixing conditions were established by varying the chamber temperature and the mixing speed. The melting of the components was expected to occur during the process, which did not occur. For the formation of the polymer films the pressing process was tested in a hot hydraulic press and the process of casting polymer solutions into glass plates with subsequent drying. It was not obtained films suitable for the tests with the technique of hot pressing, but with casting technique the formation of good films was achieved; and the films obtained by this technique are characterized by physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. It can be concluded that the PVA/CMC films, obtained by the casting technique, presented physical characteristics, such as high swelling capacity in water and PBS, and mechanical, such as tear strength and tear resistance, suitable for the use of these films as wound dressings


1. An apparatus (1) displaying dynamic state of the body, suitable for wearing on the human body and which is at least partially flexible, comprising at least partly flexible structure (3), which can be worn on the body, wherein the at least partially flexible structure comprises! Sensor (4) the dynamic state of the body for measuring the dynamic body state! device (5) storage for storing information indicative of the dynamic body state ranges, circuitry (6) processing configured to process the measured dynamic body state and determine the corresponding dynamic body state range, and! flexible display (2), adapted to visually display said corresponding dynamic body state range. ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the display (2) comprises light-emitting diodes (LED). ! 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dynamic body state display device comprises a sensor of heart rate. ! 4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one sensor configured to measure at least two different dynamic body states. ! 5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structure comprises a woven and / or knitted and / or in any other way connected structure of the textile and / or synthetic textile material and / or leather or animal skin. ! 6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least part of said structure is a separate module that can be attached to and detached from the apparatus unit. ! 7. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises electrodes,


In view of the current situation for tax payment and audit,we consider in this paper the time value of tax payment.We first prove that the penalty rate for late tax payment should be higher than bank loan rate when tax payment delay for a business follows a Poisson distribution.Subsequently,we set up a dynamic programming model to analyze the decisions of a tax collection agent and a tax paying business.Using backward induction,we obtain the taxpayer's optimal policy for tax filing and payment at different stages.Using analysis of elasticity,we derive that,when the penalty coefficient is fixed,the daily penalty rate for late tax payment should be lowered.Finally,suggestions are given to encourage corporations to pay their taxes in time.


One of the most significant current discussions in teaching field is the role of researcher teachers and action research in the field of teaching and learning process. This study aims at introducing teacher researcher as a new paradigm in educational research and providing a comprehensive, detailed review of thirty research articles on the effectiveness and stages of employing action research. Almost all scholars and teachers consented that this kind of research can revolutionize and institutionalize major changes and innovations in teacher training process; they also believed that the new paradigm of teacher researcher in educational research monitors professional requirements of teachers to manage teaching and seeks fundamental strategies to eliminate the gap between educational research and practice.


This paper presents the hydraulic analysis of the air entrainment by the weir types. For the weir types, the stepped weir, the labyrinth weir and the gate underflow weir were selected, and the oxygen transfer efficiency was estimated by the site investigation and the hydraulic model tests. The most effective type for the oxygen transfer was stepped weir The more steps the stepped weir had, the higher efficiency it revealed. Oxygen transfer was proportional to the flow velocity, the Froude number, and the flow discharge in order. Hydraulic model tests showed that a nappe flow occurred at small flow rates. The concurrent condition of a nappe flow and a skimming flow occurred as flow rate increases, nappe flow at the upper part and skimming flow at the lower part. In the region of nappe flow, air inception occurred from the step edges due to flow separation, and air entrainment was made through a free-falling nappe, an air pocket, a nappe impact and a subsequent hydraulic jump. In the region of skimming flow, air entrainment occurred by the variation of water surface over the steps, but it was relatively small compared with nappe flow.


The Framingham Heart Study data, as well as a related simulated data set, were generously provided to the participants of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 in order that newly developed and emerging statistical methodologies could be tested on that well‐characterized data set. The impetus driving the development of novel methods is to elucidate the contributions of genes, environment, and interactions between and among them, as well as to allow comparison between and validation of methods. The seven papers that comprise this group used data‐mining methodologies (tree‐based methods, neural networks, discriminant analysis, and Bayesian variable selection) in an attempt to identify the underlying genetics of cardiovascular disease and related traits in the presence of environmental and genetic covariates. Data‐mining strategies are gaining popularity because they are extremely flexible and may have greater efficiency and potential in identifying the factors involved in complex disorders. While the methods grouped together here constitute a diverse collection, some papers asked similar questions with very different methods, while others used the same underlying methodology to ask very different questions. This paper briefly describes the data‐mining methodologies applied to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 data sets and the results of those investigations. Genet Epidemiol 25 (Suppl. 1):S57–S63, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The WiMedia Alliance has specified a Distributed Medium Access Control (D-MAC) protocol based on UWB for high speed wireless home networks and WPANs. In this paper, firstly, the fair SoQ-based Distributed Reservation Protocol (DRP) for D-MAC is analyzed. And a novel SoQ-based relay transmission protocol is proposed to overcome DRP conflicts fast. In the proposed protocol, each device executes the Satisfaction of QoS (SoQ) time slot allocation algorithm independently. And, in order to give the loser device due to DRP conflicts another chance to maintain QoS resources, the proposed relay transmission protocol helps the device reserve another indirect link maintaining the required QoS resources via a relay node.


Various types of personal telecommunications (PT) services are summarized, and the service information required to provide them are identified. Information-allocation schemes over multiple networks are examined. Hierarchical information-handling and information-localization schemes and their applicability to PT services are discussed. The effects of hierarchical information handling and information localization are discussed in the framework of the intelligent network.<<ETX>>


It provides design and creation of energy-saving cooking techniques. According to this technique, the bottom of the cookware including cookware having a cooking surface and a heating surface. Having a heating surface formed as a fin pattern exchange channels. Fins can effectively increase the surface area, and can guide channel surrounding the heat energy to the bottom of the cooker, while the fins absorb thermal energy. Channel can improve energy transfer fins, while providing uniform distribution of the cooking surface. The fins can be used to improve the mechanical strength of the cooker. A method of manufacturing the energy-saving cooking. Having a thickness of a bottom of a casting and cookware can be incorporated onto a metal plate to provide a cooker body. In the bottom, through the channel to improve heat transfer.


In 1881, the city of Paris sought to establish a furnishing school – the future École Boulle (opened in 1886) – in the very heart of Faubourg Saint-Antoine, the city's center for trade and manufacturing. For this, it attempted to gain the support of professionals already working in the trades, including furniture and upholstery. Legriel and Lemoine, the presidents at the time of the Chambre syndicale de la tapisserie and the Chambre syndicale de l'ameublement, respectively, opposed the project vehemently. Chief among their concerns was the impossibility of providing cabinet-makers and upholsterers with a similar education....


The understanding of the temporal patterns of individual human interactions is essential in explaining many characteristics of human behavior. The instant communication tool QQ is developing rapidly on the network in recent years. Based on the QQ group communication records provided by some volunteers, this paper investigates the statistics of the inter-event intervals between two consecutive messages. The result shows that they follow power-law distribution. And there are obvious positive correlation between the activity of QQ group and the power-law exponent of inter-event time distribution. In further study, we find that the distribution displays a strong bursty property yet weak memory effects, then we analysis the distribution of the number of events in a bursty period.


Vision-based multivehicle detection plays an important role in Forward Collision Warning Systems (FCWS) and Blind Spot Detection Systems (BSDS). The performance of these systems depends on the real-time capability, accuracy, and robustness of vehicle detection methods. To improve the accuracy of vehicle detection algorithm, we propose a multifeature fusion vehicle detection algorithm based on Choquet integral. This algorithm divides the vehicle detection problem into two phases: feature similarity measure and multifeature fusion. In the feature similarity measure phase, we first propose a taillight-based vehicle detection method, and then vehicle taillight feature similarity measure is defined. Second, combining with the definition of Choquet integral, the vehicle symmetry similarity measure and the HOG


Both the Borborema Province of NE Brazil and the geological provinces of NW Africa (the Trans-Saharan Orogen consisted of the Tuareg and Benino-Nigerian shields and the Central African Orogen of Cameroon, Chad, and Central African Republic) are complex geological regions with superposition of distinct deformational, metamorphic and magmatic events and final structural configuration during the Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny (ca. 625–510 Ma). These provinces represent the site of major mountain building processes in the Ediacaran/Cambrian transition that culminated in the amalgamation of West Gondwana after the collision of the West African-São Luís, São Francisco-Congo, and Saharan paleocontinents. In the last years, discovery and characterization of key tectonic units such as ophiolites, eclogites, HP/UHP rocks, and both oceanic and continental magmatic arcs are helping to clarify these processes and propose tectonic models for the geological evolution of NE Brazil–NW Africa. Connections of the marginal belts that frame these provinces, bordering the eastern margin of the West African–São Luís Craton (Médio Coreaú–Dahomeyides–Gourma–West Tuareg Shield) and the northern margin of the São Francisco–Congo Craton (Rio Preto–Riacho do Pontal–Sergipano–Yaoundé–Central African) are progressively better constrained, while correlations within the interior, highly reworked and sectioned portions of both the Borborema Province, the Benino–Nigerian Shield, the Central and East Tuareg Shield, Western Cameroon, and Adamawa-Yadé domains are more complicated and demand further investigation. Some of the questions of prime importance in this context are the continuation or not of the 1000–920 Ma Cariris Velhos Belt of NE Brazil into NW Africa, and if the basement-dominated North Borborema/Benino-Nigerian (NOBO-BENI) and Alto Pajeú-Alto Moxotó-Rio Capibaribe-Pernambuco-Alagoas/Adamawa-Yade (APAMCAPAY) domains could represent major decratonized blocks (such as LATEA in the Central Tuareg Shield), perhaps developed due to hyperextension and detachment of a Greater São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent northern margin. In this case, the Goiás-Pharusian and Transnordestino-Central African oceanic realms along with restricted internal oceans such as the hypothetical Piancó-Alto Brígida/Western Cameroon (PAB-WECA) Seaway probably separated these ancient paleocontinental blocks during the Neoproterozoic. The development of subduction zones and the docking of Neoproterozoic juvenile terranes welded the hyperextended Archean/Paleoproterozoic lithospheric fragments together and they became squeezed and reworked in between the major cratonic landmasses during the Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny. The quest for the sites of ancient oceans and continents that once composed NE Brazil and NW Africa goes on and tentative scenarios will surely benefit from novel geological, isotopic, and geochronological data put forward in the near future.


Quadratic eigenvalue problems involving large matrices arise frequently in areas such as the vibration analysis of structures, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) simulation, and the solution of quadratically constrained least squares problems. The typical approach is to solve the quadratic eigenvalue problem using a mathematically equivalent linearized formulation, resulting in a doubled dimension and, in many cases, a lack of backward stability.
This paper introduces an approach to solving the quadratic eigenvalue problem directly without linearizing it. Perturbation subspaces for block eigenvector matrices are used to reduce the modified problem to a sequence of problems of smaller dimension. These perturbation subspaces are shown to be contained in certain generalized Krylov subspaces of the n-dimensional space, where n is the undoubled dimension of the matrices in the quadratic problem. The method converges at least as fast as the corresponding Taylor series, and the convergence can be accelerated further by applying a block generalization of the quadratically convergent Rayleigh quotient iteration. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the method.


All five target articles are of high quality and very stimulating for the field. Several factors such as dream report length and NREM/REM differences, may be affected by the waking process (transition from sleep to wakefulness) and the recall process. It is helpful to distinguish between a model for REM sleep regulation and a physiological model for dreaming. A third model accounting for cognitive activity (thought-like dreaming) can also be of value. The postulated adaptive function of dreaming in avoidance learning does not seem very plausible because the two major basic assumptions (specificity of dream content and benefit of negative dreams) are not clearly supported by modern dream research: The critique of studies investigating memory consolidation in REM sleep is justified. Future studies integrating the knowledge of memory processes and sleep research will shed more light on the role of sleep, especially REM sleep in memory consolidation. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]


By means of congruent transformation in matrix,the method of transforming real quadratic form into standard form and the method of normal orthogonal basis are given in this paper.And a new proof of theorem-determining of positive definite quadratic form is offered as well.


To further define the neonatal neutrophil9s ability to localize to inflamed tissue compared with adult cells, we examined the neonatal neutrophil interactions with P-selectin monolayers under two conditions: (1) attachment under constant shear stress and flow and (2) detachment where cells were allowed to attach in the absence of shear stress and then shear stress is introduced and increased in step-wise increments. Cord blood and adult neutrophils had minimal interactions with unstimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at a constant shear stress of 2 dynes/cm 2 . There was a marked increase in the number of both neonatal and adult cells interacting (interacting cells = rolling + arresting) with HUVECs after histamine stimulation, although the neonatal value was only 40% of adult ( P P


Germany s educational system has experienced a radical change over the last few years. One major reason for this change were high school students mediocre results in the PISA studies. One reaction to these results was the development and implementation of National Educational Standards for most school subjects. For biology education, four central competence areas were defined: scientific knowledge, scientific inquiry, communication and decision making competence with respect to issues of applied science (KMK, 2004). The implementation of decision making competence into the biology classroom still faces many difficulties. Difficulties mainly stem from different views on what really constitutes decision making competence as well as teachers reluctance to integrate this relatively new competence area into their teaching practices. Concerning research on decision making competence, especially quantitative assessment procedures are rare. Thus, two major foci were identified for this study: a) the development of a theoretical model that identifies central dimensions of decision making competence and b) the development of a quantitative test instrument that can adequately measure one central dimension. This dimension captures students ability to compare different possible options in a decision making situation by applying some sort of decision making strategy. The developed test instrument analysed students answers with respect to the use of different decision making strategies. In a first exploratory study (n=291) different types of decision making strategies could be found. These strategies differed above all in their degree of information processing. The test instrument was then optimized on the basis of these findings and focused on decision making situations about the sustainable development of our planet. Two quantitative studies (n=448, n=83) among junior and senior high school students as well as university undergraduates were conducted. Students responses on the test items could be modelled with a polytomous Rasch model (Partial Credit model). The test instrument meets requirements with respect to reliability and validity. Besides, it can be applied across different age groups. Putting it into a nutshell, the developed theoretical model can provide a guideline for teachers to integrate and to foster students decision making competence in the biology classroom. The developed test instrument provides one approach for a quantitative assessment of students decision making competence.


Objectives: To study the cases of obstetric hysterectomy performed over a one year period (August 2014-July 2015) in a tertiary institute to determine the incidence, indications, risk factors, complications and clinical outcome of the same. Materials and Methods: Data was collected from the records and 15 cases were identified over the study periods which were studied in detail. Results: There were a total of 4979 deliveries in the study period and 15 patients needed an obstetric hysterectomy giving an incidence of 0.3%. Atonic primary post partum haemorrhage (PPH) was the most common indication which was seen in 60% of cases. There were two cases of secondary PPH (13.3%) which required hysterectomy. Maternal death was seen in two cases. Conclusion: Obstetric hysterectomy continues to be a life saving procedure in cases of intractable haemorrhage in the immediate post partum period as well as beyond 24 hours in certain cases of massive secondary PPH. Introduction Obstetric hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus at any time during pregnancy, delivery and peurperium. It is usually done as an emergency life saving procedure in cases of intractable haemorrhage in the immediate post partum period (Primary PPH) as well as in cases of secondary haemorrhage which occurs after 24 hours. Rarely, it may also be done as a planned procedure in cases of morbid adherence of placenta diagnosed in the antenatal period. In spite of introduction of newer methods of managing severe haemorrhage, hysterectomy continues to be the definitive answer to managing life threatening primary as well as secondary haemorrhage. It is important to take the decision of performing the hysterectomy in time as the morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure is mainly related to the delay in taking the decision. Objectives • To determine the incidence of obstetric hysterectomy • To find out the indications and risk factors in these patients • To study the complications and the clinical outcome associated with these patients Material and Methods The numbers of cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy were studied retrospectively over a period of 1 year from August 2014 to July 2015 in the Department of OBG in Goa Medical College. The data was obtained from the operation theatre records, case papers and mortality register. This data was analysed for the demographic features, risk factors, indications, post operative complications and perinatal outcome. Results There were a total of 4979 deliveries in the study period and 15 cases of emergency hysterectomy giving an incidence of 0.3% (3/1000). The total number of vaginal deliveries was 3242 and 7 patients were taken for obstetric hysterectomy following vaginal delivery giving an incidence of 0.21%. The numbers of caesarean deliveries were 1737 and 8 patients needed obstetric hysterectomy following caesarean delivery giving an incidence of 0.46%. (Table 1) Statistical Data Number Number of vaginal deliveries 3242 Number of caesarean deliveries 1737 Total number of deliveries 4979 Number of obstetric hysterectomies 15 Incidence of obstetric hysterectomies 0.3% Number following vaginal 7 Incidence following vaginal 0.21% Number following caesarean 8 Incidence following caesarean 0.46% Table 1: Incidence of obstetric hysterectomy The maximum numbers of patients totalling 5 were in the age group of 26-30 years. The maximum numbers of patients were of parity 2. (Table 2) Age (years) Parity Total 1 2 3 21-25 3 15 26-30 2 2 1 31-35 4 36-40 1 1 41-45 1 Total 15 Table 2: Age and Parity wise distribution There were 3 booked and 12 unbooked patients in our study population. The unbooked patients were referred from peripheral health centres and private practitioners. (Figure 1) Figure 1: Distribution of booked and unbooked patients In our series, the indication for hysterectomy in 9 of our patients was atonic PPH, which contributes to 60% of the cases. Around 4 were because of morbid adherence of the placenta, which was 26.6%. We had 2 cases of secondary PPH, which was 13.3% of the cases. Out of these 2, one was done 8 days after a vaginal delivery and the second was done on 35th post operative day of LSCS, both for torrential haemorrhage leading to shock. We did not have any hysterectomies for rupture uterus in the study period. (Table 3) Indication No. of patients Percentage 10 PPH – Atonic 9 60% 10 PPH – Mixed Morbid adherence of placenta (accreta) 2 13.3% Morbid adherence of placenta (percreta) 2 13.3% 20 PPH 2 13.3% Table 3: Indications of obstetric hysterectomy


An international arbitration award handed down in a territory of a given country may be applied for in another territory, provided that it is a party to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award and between those countries there are bilateral or multilateral agreements on the recognition and execution of international arbitration award. An arbitral award, as well as a judge's decision, may actually be voluntary by the loser or debtor. If the award has been executed in good faith by the losing party, or in other words, his accomplishments have been met with good faith, then the problem is solved. It is not uncommon, however, that although the award is already in place, the losing party does not want to execute the award voluntarily. In this case the winning party or the creditor may submit an application to the Chairman of the Central Jakarta District Court for the international arbitration award to be executed by force (execution forced). In this article, the author will focus on exploring issues in the implementation of international arbitration decisions in Indonesia and looking at implementing foreign arbitral awards in the United States, the Netherlands, and Singapore. The author of the normative juridical research method is carried out by focusing on legal interpretation and legal construction so that it can answer the above problems in depth.


The aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on commitment and acceptance on the quality of marital relationships and adjustment of the couples of Bushehr. The statistical population of the current study includes all the couples, referring to the family consultation clinics in Bushehr in 2018. Using convenient sampling, 40 couples, referring to the consultation Aramesh clinic, Baran clinic, Mehr clinic in November and December, were randomly chosen and were appointed in two groups (20 in experimental groups and 20 in control group). The obtained data from the study were analyzed using covariance statistical analysis. The results indicated the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of marital relationship of the couples. It has been also effective on the permission of marital relationship, their satisfaction with marital relationship and tendency for marital relationship. Keywords : couple therapy based on commitment and acceptance, the quality of marital relationships, marital adjustment.


The spatial profiles in the horizontal and vertical direction of lasing line intensity of neon-like germanium were measured. For a 20mm long plasma of 102uuuuuum lateral dimension, the main beam in the horizontal direction is found to exhibit an angular divergence of 12 mrad with a offset displaced 8 mrad from the plasma axis and the beam angular divergence in vertical direction is about 22 mrad. In addition, the characteristic of beam optics of the double-pass amplification was diagnosted using a Mo/Si multilayer mirror.


Sixty-day old rooted cuttings of sweet passionfruit, Passiflora alata Curtis (genotype EC-A) of uniform size were transplanted in plastic pots containing 1 kg ofautoclaved soil, followed by inoculation with approximately 5200 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica per plant. Five uninoculated plants served as control. Seventy-nine days after transplanting and nematode inoculations, fresh root weight and final population densities of each nematode species in soil and roots were determined. The reproduction factors for M. javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria were 0.61, 1.46 and 7.49 respectively. The fresh root weight of sweet passionfruit plants, inoculated with M. arenaria was significantly higher than in rest of the treatments. The sweet passionfruit genotype EC-A was considered susceptible to M incognita, highly susceptible to M arenaria and resistant to M. javanica.


Recently we were asked to produce target capsules with bumps on the surface. The bumps were to test the effects of fill tubes in future targets. The bumps desired were to be Gaussian in shape and from 60 to 40 {micro}m in diameter and from 1 to 6 {micro}m high. The capsules had a nominal diameter of 500 {micro}m. The approach we used was to align a precision aperture to the capsule and coat through the aperture onto the capsule surface using plasma polymer coating. The bumps were characterized using optical microscopy, Wyko interferometry, and AFM sphere mapping.


The installation consists of two identical structures, each measuring 11,5′H × 3′W × 3′D. The viewing perspective requires the participants to lie on their backs (in a vulnerable position) on simulated creepers and roll beneath a suspended two foot black box (encased with 19″ video monitors.) The invitation accommodates viewing for two participants — each having an individual zone. By altering the viewing perspective (a non-traditional approach), an element of curiosity is created. The only way to view and experience the piece is to place oneself in a vulnerable position, involving an element of risk — physical, social and psychological. The objective of CASE STUDY 309 was to synchronize the video imagery with that of physical kinetic sensations — kinesthesia.


We present observations of the growth of an active region filament caused by magnetic interactions among the filament and its adjacent superpenumbral filament (SF) and dark thread-like structures (T). Multistep reconnections are identified during the whole growing process. Magnetic flux convergence and cancellation occurring at the positive footpoint region of the filament is the first step reconnection, which resulted in the filament bifurcating into two sets of intertwined threads. One set anchored in situ, while the other set moved toward and interacted with the SF and part of T. This indicates the second step reconnection, which gave rise to the disappearance of the SF and the formation of a long thread-like structure that connects the far ends of the filament and T. The long thread-like structure further interacted with the T and then separated into two parts, representing the third step reconnection. Finally, another similar long thread-like structure, which intertwined with the fixed filament threads, appeared. Hα observations show that this twisted structure is a longer sinistral filament. Based on the observed photospheric vector magnetograms, we performed a non-linear force-free field extrapolation to reconstruct the magnetic fields above the photosphere and found that the coronal magnetic field lines associated with the filament consists of two twisted flux ropes winding around each other. These results suggest that magnetic interactions among filaments and their adjacent SFs and T could lead to the growth of the filaments, and the filament is probably supported in a flux rope.


From the perspective of economics and marketing,combined with statistical data and empirical investigation, this article analyses the fitness club market segmentation and positioning in Shanghai,in order to provide some basis for them to wrap market share for fitness club in the fierce market competition and gain consumer permission and open up new markets.


Gasoline subsidy policy distorts the gasoline market with the resulting inefficiencies. The subsidy takes a great amount of the government's budget that arguably could be spent elsewhere with a greater impact on economic growth. These governments are aware of the cost of such a policy, yet face difficulties in removing the policy because of strong resistance from the public. This paper looks at the decision-making process from the government's perspective that has an objective of generating savings to fund other programs while maintaining political power, and the influence that the general population has over the decision.


The paper describes the procedure for analyzing the transient magnetic field of REPM synchronous generator. Cross-section of machine is modelled using finite elements formulated by nodal method with two conductivity matrices to present the effects of eddy currents in solid iron and stator winding. Two types of eddy current in solid rotor, produced respectively by the amplitude change of magnetic potential and the relative movement between medium and magnetic field, are taken into account. The analysis is applied to a small REPM machine, and computed results compare well with test.


A new round curriculum reformation in primary and middle schools brings some problems,such as the teachers in the primary and middle schools don't know how to have a class;they don't know how to deal with the relationship between the interest and the sports skill.Applying documentary method,the paper studies the problems above to improve the qualtiy of PE teaching.


By comparing the test data from test drilling of Dingji coal mine,on the basis of clearing reaming and fracturing antireflection mechanism of three dimensional rotational water jetting,the paper summarzes and analyzes the process parameters which influence the reaming and fracturing antireflection of three-dimensional rotational water jetting,and determines the range of process parameters by using the means of theoretical analysis combing with the practical.The results show that the process parameters can be divided into process parameters and drilling construction parameters.According to the actual situation of Dingji coal mine,the process parameters are determined as controlling the reaming pressure at 10~15 MPa;the inner diameter of pipeline should be greater than 25 mm;fracturing pressure is determined in 18~20 MPa;the space between test drilling and control drilling is 10 m.


Accurate information about current soil nutrient concentrations in orchards is necessary for making recommendations about future fertilizer application rates. Additional information is needed about the amount of surplus soil N in the orchards of Shaanxi Province, which is the main apple and kiwi production region in China. Analysis of N inputs and soil N loading is important for N management in orchards. The objective of this study was to quantify both the N application rates and the amount of surplus soil N in orchards in Shaanxi Province. Soil samples were collected from orchards in different parts of Shaanxi Province and then analyzed to determine soil N concentration. Additional information was collected from farmer interviews and an agricultural statistics database. The data was analyzed using the N balance method. The results showed that N fertilizer application rates averaged 927.2 kg N / hm among the orchards surveyed in this study. More than 40% of the chemical N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea. Manure application accounted for 139.4 kg N / hm . Nearly 95% of the orchards had surplus N, with an average surplus of 876.3 kg N / hm . Nearly, 58% of the orchards had an N surplus of more than 500 kg N / hm . More than 27% of the orchards had an N surplus of more than 1000 kg N / hm . Among the different kinds of orchards, kiwi orchards had the highest N input rate (1432.9 kg N / hm) and the highest amount of surplus N (1186.9 kg N / hm). In irrigated areas of central Shaanxi rain鄄fed region. There was positive correlation between


[1] New electron backscatter diffraction measurements show that the Papua New Guinea (PNG) ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane is dominated by rocks with weakly oriented quartz and feldspar and less abundant strongly oriented hornblende, clinopyroxene, and mica. Velocities measured at high pressures (600 MPa) show that VP is 5.8–6.3 km/s for gneiss samples, 6.5–7.7 km/s for amphibolite, and 7.7–8.2 km/s for eclogite and VS is 3.4–3.9 km/s for gneiss, 4.0–4.4 km/s for amphibolite, and 4.5–4.6 km/s for eclogite. Velocities and anisotropies calculated from mineral crystal preferred orientations (CPOs) are equivalent to within 5% of the measured values. The highest seismic anisotropy for the PNG terrane is in amphibolite at 8% and 7% for VP and VS, respectively. Calculations of seismic velocities at depth based on predicted mineral assemblages indicate that the exhuming UHP terrane is of dominantly mafic composition below ∼20 km depth. Anisotropy in the PNG terrane is expected to be quite low and is controlled by the orientation of the foliation. If observable, changes in anisotropy across the exhuming body may be used to differentiate among the different proposed mechanisms of UHP exhumation.


Social media have become very popular in the last few decades. Users rely on social network sites like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and LinkedIn for both information and entertainment needs. Social media analytics with data mining technology could be an analysis axis centered on extracting trends, patterns, and rules from the social media pool, to serve the people and organizations to have optimum choices concerning many disciplines. The traditional media analytical techniques appear obsolete and inadequate to gratify this immense array of unstructured social media knowledge characterized by three key problems namely; size, noise, and dynamism, predominantly shifting from the batch scale to the streaming one. The objective of this study is to investigate the data mining techniques that were used by social media networks during the years 2010 and 2020. The effort is a systematic review of content analysis in studies within the field of social media analytics that was published in principal databases. 125 articles were reviewed in this paper. Content analysis was implemented based on their approach, tools utilized, language, the dataset used, country, year, and nature of the experiment. The review discovered that 22 data mining techniques were employed with social media data while frequently used in Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Bayesian networks (BN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-means Clustering, and Neuro-Fuzzy Logic Approach. The study has focused to assist the involved analyzers and educators to capture the research trends and problems associated with the Social media analytics process with future research initiatives.