To investigate the effects of different raising environments on the flesh quality, the study set up three groups of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), that is, pond-farmed; short-term stocked; and ranched, grown in a natural water ranch. This study compared the differences in muscle proximate composition and amino acid composition among three groups. The results showed that there was no difference between the ranched and the stocked groups in content of crude protein, ash, total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and umami-flavored amino acids (UAA), with both groups being significantly higher than the farmed group. This shows that, in terms of flesh quality, the stocked group was closer to the ranched group and better than the farmed group after being stocked in natural water for 30 days. The results suggest that the flesh quality of farmed fish was improved by short-term stocking in natural water. To elucidate the reasons of flesh quality change in the stocked group, this study compared the food composition and intestinal digestive enzyme activity in three groups, demonstrating that the ranched and stocked groups had similar food composition, with their detritus proportion lower than that of the farmed group, consuming easily digestible phytoplankton diatoms rich in amino acids and fatty acids. No significant difference was seen between the ranched group and the stocked group, for which amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities were lower than that of the farmed group. It is hypothesized that differences in environmental and food composition resulted in lower digestive enzyme activity in the ranched group and the stocked group. In summary, the short-term stocking of farmed fish in a natural water ranch can effectively improve the nutrient content, quality and flavor, and promote value of fish products.


A change in dynamics and operational characteristics of power systems is what shall be expected with the increase in the penetration of PV systems. This paper deals with a major PV penetration issue "dynamic stability" through proposing a modified control strategy that enables the PV system to damp out electromechanical oscillations as an ancillary service. The small signal and dynamic stability of the system is enhanced using a control approach based on the structure preserving energy function (SPEF) model and fuzzy logic (FL) controllers. Apart from having no need to any additional devices, using only locally measurable signals and not affecting the MPPT control of the PV system are remarkable aspects of the control scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations implementing the controllers on a test system.


. Closures of a class of M¨obius invariant function spaces in the Bloch space are investi- gated in this paper. Moreover, the boundedness and compactness of composition operators from the Bloch space to closures of such M¨obius invariant space in the Bloch space are characterized. Mathematics subject classi fi cation (2010): 30H30, 30H99, 47B33.


ALMOST a century has passed since 1 v Charles Darwin provided the world of thinking men with his compelling accumulation of evidence documenting organic evolution, and promulgated his theory of the importance of natural selection. The appearance of Evolution as a Process is an invitation to pause and consider "Darwinism" one hundred years after. The nineteen essays not only provide the reader with the opportunity of examining as many aspects of the processes of evolution but also indicate the general trends of interest in the time since the publication of The Origin of Species. Darwin's work stirred wide interest in the comparative aspects of morphology and embryology. Modern biology rests in large part on the welter of information which accumulated. However, the efforts to systematize this information in accordance with the doctrine of evolution were often speculative far beyond the demands of the observations. The efforts of some of these grand "integrators," who unlike Darwin did not continually subject their beautiful formulations to the crudities of reality, brought down the annoyance and contempt of many biologists upon any interest in systematics, classification, and phylogeny. As so often happens in human affairs, specific excesses provoke generic condemnation. Fortunately, some zoologists did continue systematic studies with work of the highest calibre through the dark age that ensued. They strove to improve and correct the work of their predecessors. Of these, Garstang, de Beer, and Hadzi, along with a small number of others, have managed a revolt against the Haeckelian hypothesis sometimes graced with the appellation "law." A. C. Hardy in his essay, "Escape from Specialization," reviews the development by the late Professor Walter Garstang of the concepts of neoteny and paedomorphosis. These processes by which a successful larval form may become sexually mature and give rise to simplified and well-adapted descendants have probably played a far greater role in animal phylogeny than the majority of biologists appreciate. G. R. de Beer, whose name is closely linked with these new views of ontogeny and phylogeny, has devoted his space in this volume ("The Evolution of the Metazoa") to consideration of Professor Jovan Hadzi's views on the origin of the Metazoa, according to which the Platyhelminthes are seen to represent the type of the original Metazoa and the Coelenterata (Cnidaria) and Ctenophora are separate neotenic derivatives of this stock. The amazing similarity of the concepts of neoteny of Garstang and Hadzi is another example of that incredible simultaneity of ideas of which the Darwin-Wallace discoveries of the importance of natural selection are a wellknown instance. Hadzi published his account in Yugoslavia in 1923. Hardy in his essay mentions that the comic verse "Mulleria and the Ctenophore," expressing a similar view of the origin of the Ctenophora, was written by Garstang in 1922 or before, although not published until after his death when Hardy, Garstang's son-in-law, included it in a small volume, Larval Forms and Other Zoological Verse, published in 1951. As Hardy indicates, Garstang's interest in the pelagic larvae of marine invertebrates had early convinced him of the


4. Mikulska M, Lanini S, Gudiol C, et al. ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: An infectious diseases perspective (agents targeting lymphoid cells surface antigens [I]: CD19, CD20 and CD52). Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24(Suppl. 2): S71–S82. 5. Trambas C, Lu Z, Yen T, et al. Depletion of biotin using streptavidin-coated microparticles: A validated solution to the problem of biotin interference in streptavidin-biotin immunoassays. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 55(2): 216–226.


Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been widely used as drug carriers, but their toxicity is rarely reported. Herein, we compared the toxicity of novel Fe3O4 nanorings, nanotubes and conventional Fe3O4 nanospheres. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the morphologies of Fe3O4 particles were annular, tubular or spherical. The magnetic property measurements demonstrated that saturation magnetization values of nanorings, nanotubes and nanospheres were 85.3, 90.1 and 74.8[Formula: see text]emu/g, respectively. In addition, the cytotoxic effects on the 264.7 mouse macrophages cells of Fe3O4 nanorings, nanotubes and nanospheres were determined by cck-8 test and TUNEL staining assay. Cell viability was slightly decreased on spherical Fe3O4nanoparticles compared to annular and tubular Fe3O4 nanoparticles.


Abstract In plants, the phenylpropanoid pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a diverse array of secondary metabolites that include lignin monomers, flavonoids, and coumarins, many of which are essential for plant structure, biomass recalcitrance, stress defense, and nutritional quality. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Populus trichocarpa PtrEPSP‐TF, an isoform of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate 3‐phosphate (EPSP) synthase, has transcriptional activity and regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Populus. In this study, we report the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PtrEPSP‐TF that defines its functionality. Populus natural variants carrying this SNP were shown to have reduced lignin content. Here, we demonstrated that the SNP‐induced substitution of 142nd amino acid (PtrEPSP‐TFD142E) dramatically impairs the DNA‐binding and transcriptional activity of PtrEPSP‐TF. When introduced to a monocot species rice (Oryza sativa) in which an EPSP synthase isoform with the DNA‐binding helix‐turn‐helix (HTH) motif is absent, the PtrEPSP‐TF, but not PtrEPSP‐TFD142E, activated genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. More importantly, heterologous expression of PtrEPSP‐TF uncovered five new transcriptional regulators of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in rice. Collectively, this study identifies the key amino acid required for PtrEPSP‐TF functionality and provides a strategy to uncover new transcriptional regulators in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.


Face is the unique characteristic of humans that distinguishes between individuals. Every feature on the face can be analyzed to produce demographic information such as gender, age, race, etc. Any such information can be estimated through an automated process, including age. Age estimation through facial images is one of the areas that is still being pursued to deliver accurate values. To better understand facial age estimation, this paper will discuss several things regarding age estimation. First, the factors that can affect the accuracy of predictions, second, the methods used to estimate the age, and then various databases of facial images and information of age at which the picture was taken, and also the parameters that commonly used to measure the accuracy of the estimation results. This review also provides a summary regarding some researches already conducted in age estimation. In the conclusion section, there is a brief about future work that could be done, along with the reason why such research needs to do


Brinjal (eggplant) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop grown in India and in other parts of the world throughout the season. Its immature fruits are used as vegetable and extensively used in various culinary preparations. Looking to the increasing population, it is clear that we are not meeting the demand. Brinjal welcomes breeder for improvement as it is having large variability in respect of colour, shape, size and presence and absence of spines. The phenomenon of Heterosis has been widely utilized in the improvement of crop plants. This facilitates the easy creation of new and more productive F 1 hybrid. Presence of Heterosis indicates the ability of present depends upon the genetic system operating in crop plant which predicts efficiency of selection. Heterosis breeding in cross pollinated crop is helpful for increasing yield and quality fruits. The present investigation was carried out at University Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during Kharif season 2011. The experiment comprised of six parent and fifteen hybrids with one Check. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Brinjal seedlings were transplanted during Kharif 2011 at the spacing of 60 x 60 cm. In each treatment there were 18 plants of each genotype in a replication. Five plants per treatment were selected randomly to record observations on eleven characters as per standard procedure given by Panse and Sukhatme and the magnitude of percent Heterosis of F 1 over mid parent (MP) and commercial check (9BP).Significantly maximum plant height and number of branches per plant were observed under the crosses Local C-1-1 x AKL-17 and AS-1 x AKL-12, respectively. In plant height, positive heterosis was found in crosses Local C-1-1 x AKL-17. Significantly minimum days to 50% flowering was observed in cross Phule Harit x AKL-20 followed by AS-1 x AKL-20. In days to 50 % flowering, negative heterosis was found in cross Phule Harit x AKL-20 over mid and better parent, standard heterosis. The yield per hectare was observed significantly maximum under cross Local C-1-1 x AS-1. In yield / ha, positive heterosis was found in cross Local C-1-1 X AS-1 over mid, better parent and standard heterosis. Hence, these crosses showed positive heterosis in growth, flowering and yield characters. It can be concluded that quality fruit and more yield can be obtain through heterosis breeding and crosses use for further crop improvement programme.


Abstract is not required for Clinical Imagesis not required for Clinical Images (This page in not part of the published article.) International Journal of Case Reports and Images, Vol. 6 No. 9, September 2015. ISSN – [0976-3198] Int J Case Rep Images 2015;6(9):534–536. www.ijcasereportsandimages.com Leuzzi 534 CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS Therapy for small-cell lung cancer: When the past meets the future


While Australian legislation does not currently require health warning labels on alcohol products, several medical and advocacy organizations have been campaigning for their mandatory inclusion. The current study examines the attitudes and opinions of university students (a particularly high-risk group) relating to these messages, and the likelihood of such labeling influencing personal behaviors, in order to establish whether the introduction of these labels is likely to be effective. Alcohol warning labels have the potential to influence behaviors of adolescents and young adults, especially if modifications are made to the content and format of these—suggestions are given in this article. Finally, results of this research indicate that such health messages must be integrated with other educational measures and strategies aiming to internalize alcohol risk information by changing beliefs and, ultimately, behaviors.


Deals with the physiological adaption of winter wheat seedling's root to soil drought. The results showed that root water potential, root RWC and root activity decreased with soil water decreasing, and root WSD, soluble sugar content, proline content, the permeability of plasma membrane, and SOD activity, POD activity in root of Luomai 9133 and Jimai 21 increased with soil water decreasing. In conclusion, winter wheat seedling's root increased drought-resistance by physiological changes in root, such as water potential, RWC and root activity reduced, soluble sugar content and proline content increased, and SOD and POD activity enhanced, etc. On the basis of above physiological changes in root, winter wheat seedling adapted to soil drought.


The study of Bioinformatics has been growing rapidly over the past few years, it is mainly focused on DNAs and proteins. Proteins are the main body of performing complex physiological functions of organisms, and protein-protein interactions are the basis of maintaining the structure of cells and realizing functions, so studying protein interaction networks is of great importance. By aligning and analyzing the protein interaction networks from different species, we can predict proteins' functions, mine conserved functional modules and so on. To this end, this paper presents a method of mining the maximum conserved functional module from the alignment of pairwise protein interaction networks. In this method, the protein interaction networks are abstracted as graphical models. Considering that the alignment of networks may result in combinatorial explosion and other issues, this paper introduces a scoring system and a pruning strategy, and thus the complexity of the algorithm is reduced. In order to verify the effectiveness and robustness of our method, we experiment with the S. cerevisiae and D. melanogaster protein-protein interaction networks, and the experimental results show that our method is effective.


In the new business model, the supply chain has become the primary unit of competition, supply chain and supply chain than the competition among enterprises and the competition among enterprises become more complex, the theory of genetic recombination enterprise supply chain, providing a new competitive perspective, the competitiveness of enterprises in a single continuous dependent on the competitiveness of the supply chain, we also can be used to study the perspective of enterprise supply chain gene by enterprises, companies will have a recombinant gene of supply chain, supply chain, the idea of genetic recombination. Supply chain gene recombination is the use of such thinking and innovation, an important theoretical value and practical significance.


The Mexican Pre-school Education Program (PEP) includes music aspects which are in the same artistic appreciation and expression realm, along with theatre, dancing and visual arts. Musical content is basic for preschool grades 1-3. Music education in not included in the curriculum as a part of an integral preschooler formation, but rather it´s given special attention to the cognitive aspects focused on science and language. The objective of this research is to know the relation between music education elements and preschooler's cognitive development. Methodology. The research design is quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational. A survey was applied to 306 preschool teachers, working in the public and private school system in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The results were gathered into a database and processed in a statistic sheet, reading correlation results between simple variables. Contribution The results demonstrated that, there is certain relationship between music theory elements and thinking skills development, such as classification, seriation, and number conservation, as well as the reflective abstraction. Also, Dalcroze, Kodaly, Orff and Gordon´s music pedagogical principles, used to teach music, which benefit over the thinking abilities, such as learning through the senses. Also, it was found a relationship between playing a musical instrument, singing songs that involve word addition or subtraction, with reversibility and knowledge construction thinking.


The paper attempts to trace the process of growth of non-farm and transition of farm households and population with identification of those who would depend primarily on labour markets for a living. This is achieved through examination of intercensal changes. A projection is then made to portray the picture of distribution of population and households by the year 2006 in categories like rural, urban, farm, non-farm, labour, and non-labour households. A particular focus on the process of disintegration of farms is included as a basis for growth of non-farm households. Some speculative implications of the projection are indicated in the concluding part of the paper.


Some 15 years ago, Professor John Yuille notified the first author about a book entitled The Violent Years of Maggie MacDonald (Gould & MacDonald, 1987). In the mid-sixties, Margaret MacDonald, a 33year-old citizen of Toronto, stabbed her abusive common-law husband to death. Margaret claimed to be amnesic for the crime. She claimed to have no memory whatsoever of the act of killing, but remembered events immediately before and after the killing (Gould & MacDonald, 1987; Porter, Birt, Yuille & Herve, 2001). The case attracted enormous media attention, and it was revealed that Margaret had been abandoned and abused as a child, experienced life as a sex-slave, prostitute, alcoholic and drug addict, and had been exposed to violence throughout her life. Due to her history of longstanding abuse, Margaret herself and the women's movement in Canada regarded her as a victim rather than a perpetrator. Eventually, she was acquitted of murder and received a probation sentence. Less than a year later, she killed her second husband and was sentenced to life imprisonment.


An improved phase averaging method based on cross-correlation of the instantaneous velocity field determined by TR-PIV measurements is proposed in this article. A Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV) is used to measure the two-dimensional wake behind the square cylinder. The phase signals associated with the deterministic appearance of the Karman vortex street are obtained by calculating the correlation matrix of the low-pass filtered velocity field, and can provide the complete information of the phase-averaged wake flow. The results show the advantages of the enhanced methodology in extracting the quasi-periodic flow patterns related to the shedding coherent structures without using additional reference signals.


Abstract The validity of the geostrophic approximation is examined for the Northern Hemisphere from the lower troposphere to the stratopause in January, using a general circulation model. Substantial errors are found when the geostrophic winds are compared to the true winds in the stratosphere. The errors in the winter stratosphere are, in fact, much larger than the errors in the troposphere. The relative errors in quantities derived from the wind field, such as eddy momentum and heat fluxes are found to be even larger than the errors in the zonal wind field. The Eliasen–Palm (EP) flux divergence is now commonly used to diagnose the interactions of the eddies with the mean flow. The errors in the quasi-geostrophic EP flux divergence am found to be as large (or larger) than the true divergence in the winter stratosphere. The true EP flux from the model is convergent almost everywhere in the stratosphere although observational studies have shown a region of divergence at high latitudes, indicating an appare...


The study of physiologic specialization in cereal smuts, excluding bunt of wheat, involved subjecting 2880 smut collections and selected subcultures to pathogenicity tests on differential varieties of host plants. The results of these tests showed that (a) a smut collection may consist of a pure strain but more frequently of mixed or heterozygous strains; (b) repeated passage of a variable culture through selected hosts occasionally yielded a stable strain which may be called a race; (c) the majority of variable cultures continued variable through ten generations of selection. Covered smut of oats was the least variable; covered smut of barley, loose smut of oats and false loose smut of barley were progressively more variable. No stable strain or race has been isolated in the flower-infecting loose smut of wheat and of barley. Preliminary results of selfing some of the variable smut cultures indicate a possibility of obtaining races stable for pathogenicity on the differential hosts.


Although the present invention is that the number of effective branches limited to a small number, to provide a wireless transmission system to exert the maximum path diversity effect. The transmission timing control section 23 determines whether or not the transmission start timing a timing obtained by delaying the reference timing by a predetermined delay amount. Modulator 21 is the signal demodulated at the receiver side, when transmitting the modulated signal to the transmission start timing anti-modulates the signal by the signal modulation scheme gekkeum being exerted multipath properties. At the receiving station 12, the demodulator 33 demodulates the received signal to obtain received data. The predetermined delay amount is a signal with a plurality of signals, and be received at the receiving station 12 in the reception timing, the signal - and the number of the reception timings is less than the predetermined maximum number of effective branches, or equal to, the signal - the difference between the reception timing is equal to or greater than or equal to less than the predetermined maximum delay or the predetermined delay resolution or more.


Objective To investigate the value of CT scans and perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of gynecological pelvic tumors.Methods 70 cases of gynecological pelvic tumor patients diagnosed by pathology in General Hospital of CNPC in Jilin from February 2011 to December 2012 were selected and all patients were divided into benign group with 28 cases and malignant group with 42 cases,all patients were given spiral CT scan and pelvic perfusion scan.Morphology and perfusion indexes of gynecological pelvic tumor in the two groups were compared.Results ①The rate of clear boundary in malignant group [9.5%(4/42)] was lower than that in benign group [21.4%(6/28)],the rate of pelvic lymph node enlargement n malignant group [95.2%(40/42)] was higher than that in benign group [21.4%(6/28)],the largest diameter of tumors and the scan-enhanced CT value in malignant group [(5.74 ±2.39) cm,(33.25±10.38) Hu] were higher than those in benign group [(3.20±1.18) cm,(26.82±8.04) Hu],the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05) according to the CT plain scan.②BF,BV,PS in malignant group [(155.26±55.20) mL/(100 g),(6.37±1.25) mL/(100 g),(18.17±2.84) mL/(min.100 g)] were higher than those in benign group [(62.03 ±32.14) mL/(100 g),(4.58 ± 1.04) mL/(100 g),(13.77±3.43) mL/(min.100 g)],MTT in malignant group [(6.24±1.18) s] was lower than that in benign group [(7.89 ±2.16) s],the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05) according to the CT perfusion scanning.Conclusion CT perfusion imaging can evaluate pelvic tumor morphology and perfusion,it can get quantitative perfu sion observation at the same time of tumor morphological characteristics observation,it is conducive to judge the opti mum and malignancy,so it has high value and prospects.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE COMPENSATION GAIN DYNAMICS OF CHARGE AND POSITION OF LIFTS. ENGINE INDUCTION POLYPHASE 13 PROPULSE CAB LIFT. 13 THE ENGINE IS SUPPLIED BY INVERTER 14 MULTI WHICH RECEIVES ITS POWER OF BATTERY 16. UPS CONTROL SPEED, ACCELERATION AND OVER-THE ENGINE. THIS ORDER IS MADE UPS 14 by sensing the MOTOR SPEED AND PROVIDING IN RESPONSE PREDETERMINED SIGNAL AND SLIP TORQUE. GAIN LOOP MAY BE SET ACCORDING TO CHARGE THE CAB AND SHIFTS ARE APPLIED IN THE LOOP FOR GENERATING SIGNALS AND SLIDING MANNER TORQUE REFLECT THE MOVEMENT OF THE CABIN AT THE TIME WHEN THE CABIN SLOWING aPPROACHING A FLOOR TO STOP IT. APPLICATION CONTROL MULTIPHASE ELECTRIC MOTORS IN PARTICULAR FOR LIFT.


On 30 May 2011, the Higher Regional Court in Dusseldorf asked the Federal Constitutional Court to review the constitutionality of certain procedural provisions of the German Competition Act. The…


An improved highly accelerated life stress test (HALST) procedure and modeling method was developed to evaluate the reliability of multilayer ceramic capacitors with base-metal electrodes (BMEs). Reliabilities of ceramic capacitors with precious-metal electrodes (PMEs) and BMEs are discussed. A combination of leakage current and mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) measurements under accelerated life stress conditions have been used to distinguish and separate the MTTF data into two failure groups: slow degradation and catastrophic. The slow degradation failures, characterized by a near-linear leakage increase against stress time, fit well to an exponential model over an applied field. A characteristic exponential growth time, τSD, is defined to describe the reliability life of this failure mode. The two separated MTTF data groups have been fitted to the 2-parameter Weibull model. When data points in the catastrophic subset are used for reliability modeling, the data points of the slow degradation subset are treated as suspensions, and vice versa. MTTF of most BME capacitors reveals an exponential dependence on an applied electric field due to the mixed failure modes. The initial MTTF data for slow degradation failures appears to follow the exponential law, and that for catastrophic failures follows the conventional power law. The reliability model developed with respect to mixed failure modes and acceleration factors agrees well with the HALST results -not only with the MTTF data, but also with the failure modes (catastrophic or slow degradation). BX life has been used to replace MTTF for evaluating the reliability life of BME capacitors at 125C and 2x rated voltage (Vr), the condition that all MLCCs are subject to pass at at least 1,000 hours life test for consideration for high-reliability space applications. This B0.8 approach can be used to select BME capacitors that exhibit the potential for passing the life test when evaluated using the quick turnaround HALST method developed in this work. Introduction Highly accelerated life testing has been commonly used for the reliability evaluation of MLCCs [1-7]. The testing involves the determination of time-to-failure (TTF) of capacitors at elevated life stress conditions (usually external applied voltage and temperature) that are higher than regular use-level conditions (room temperature and rated voltage, typically). However, highly accelerated life testing results for many BME MLCCs, particularly those with thin dielectric layers, have been found to not always give rise to correct predictions of use-level lifetimes [6,7]. In many cases, the calculated MTTF is longer than that actually achieved through life testing. Several factors may account for this problem: (1) higher accelerated life stresses are often required to generate failures, which results in the introduction of new failure modes. This is especially common for BME capacitors, since the improved microstructure of BME MLCCs will need much higher life stresses to cause a failure in a reasonable period of time, as compared to the conventional PME ceramic capacitors. (2) The failure modes characterized by the Weibull slope parameter β are very likely to change when extrapolating the TTF data at high life stress levels down to the use-level that is normally more than 100C lower in temperature and several times less in voltage. (3) A statistical method that can handle the multiple failure modes and handle specific acceleration factors needs to be developed. Some studies have indicated that the acceleration factors of BME MLCCs do not always follow the conventional powerlaw relationship over applied voltage; rather, they likely follow an exponential relationship (E-model) [1,8]. March 26-29, 2013 CARTS International Houston, TX 236 Reliability of BME and PME MLCCs The reliability of an MLCC is the ability of the dielectric material to retain its insulating properties under stated environmental and operational conditions for a specified period of time t. The reliability of a capacitor device can be expressed when a 2-parameter Weibull model is used: R(t) = e t η) β (1) where e is the base for natural logarithms, β is the dimensionless slope parameter whose value is often characteristic of the particular failure mode under study, and η is the scale parameter that represents a characteristic time at which 63.2% of the population has failed and that is related to all other characteristic times, such as mean time to failure (MTTF): MTTF = ηΓ(1 + 1 β) ⁄ , (2) where Γ(x) is the gamma function of x (Note: Γ (1+1/ β) ≈ 0.9 when β >3.0). Eq. (1) provides a simple and clear understanding of reliability: (1) Reliability is a function of time and always decreases with time, which indicates that the loss of reliability is a common behavior for all devices. (2) Since η and β always exceed zero, the value of R(t) is always between 0 and 1, indicating that reliability can also be viewed as the probability of a failure occurring. (3) Reliability typically defines the durability of a system that can function normally. When β >3 and t < η, R(t) ~1, suggesting a reliable life span before η. When t > η, R(t) decreases rapidly to 0. The lifetime of a device to sustain its function can be characterized by η, as shown in Eq. (2). It is widely known that the failure rate for MLCCs that is caused by a single failure mode when both V and T are changed from V1 to V2 and T1 to T2 is the product of the separate acceleration factors: AVT = t1 t2 = �2 V1 � n exp �a k � 1 T1 − 1 T2 ��. (3) where n is an empirical parameter that represents the voltage acceleration factors, Ea is an activation energy that represents the temperature acceleration factor, and k is the Boltzmann constant. This so-called Prokopowicz and Vaskas equation (P-V equation) [9] has proven to be useful in the capacitor industry for testing PME MLCCs at various highly accelerated testing conditions. An average of n ~3 has been found for the voltage acceleration factor, and an average value of 1 < Ea < 2 eV is typical for the temperature acceleration factor [10-12]. Since only a single failure mode is assumed, the value of β in Eq. (1) should not change over applied stresses. Only the Weibull distribution scale parameter η will change with external stresses. It can be expressed, according to Eq. (3), as η(V,T) = C Vn ∙ e B T, (4) where C and B = Ea/k are constants. Therefore, when the external stresses V and T are both taken into account, the Weibull reliability from Eq. (1) can be expressed again as: R(t,V,T) = e −� ne−� Ea kT� C � β


Initial focusing segmented mirrors that must be deployed in space, such as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), provide challenges not faced before in the area of adaptive optics. The devices used to focus the mirror must minimize the power used and unnecessary mechanical movement. The device described in this report requires no movable parts except for the essential actuators required to move the mirror segments. Detail description of the components can be found in Coker, 1996. The primary mirror of the NGST will consist of 9 segments, a central annular segment, surrounded by 8 segments. The entire mirror assembly will be an 8 meter nearly filled circle (with the corners of the segments clipped to allow for storage in an Atlas IIe shroud). As the segments of the primary mirror are deployed to their operational positions, they must be positioned to within small fractions of a wavelength of near infrared light. When focused, the NGST will put most of its collected li-ht into the small region near the center of its focal plane. The ratio of the total light in the diffraction limited spot about the center of the focal plane to the total light in the focal plane. The purpose of this research effort is to design and build a device that will measure Strehl ratio and to use demonstrate that the Strehl ratio can be used to focus a segmented mirror.


Nitrate labelled with 15N was added for 2 years to a small Boreal Shield forested catchment to evaluate where new nitrogen (N) inputs are stored in this system in the short term. The landscape in the study catchment is a mosaic of Pinus banksiana Lamb. - Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP "forest islands" surrounded by "pillows" of lichens, mosses, and grasses on exposed bedrock surfaces. After the second year of N addition, 10% of the added 15N was found in aboveground biomass, 27% in organic horizons, 6% in forest island mineral soil, 3% in "soil" underneath pillows, and 16% was lost through runoff. Despite covering a smaller proportion of the catchment and having only slightly larger N stocks, forest islands stored more 15N (31%) than pillows (15%). Preferential routing of water towards forest islands and a greater potential for biotic and abiotic N immobilization are hypothesized to favor N retention in forest islands. Thirty-eight percent of the 15N could not be accounted for. The comparison of a mass-balance...


This chapter considers British military strategy, admittedly not a popular subject in an era more concerned with cultural than political history. Still, the topic provides a crucial way to discover the reasoning behind decisions on where and how to fight wars. The word "strategy" didn't have its current meaning in the eigh-teenth century. Official records, private communications, and even interventions in public debate, however, show that government ministers engaged in what we would now call strategic thinking. This chapter also considers empire, though purely from the perspective of the government in London. Rather than a field for individual and family advancement, or an arena of exploitation and suffering for native peoples, I describe the perception of empire from Whitehall and Westmin-ster: empire as a national resource. I examine Europe more broadly, too, discussing the mainland areas closest to Britain itself: France, modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands, and north-western Germany, where a British-funded German army fought the French from 1757 and included a British contingent from 1758. I establish that the different theatres – in Europe and the wider world – were linked in British strategy from the very beginning of the war. I also


With the promulgation of the first ~mmigration ordinance of the British Mandatory authorities on September 1, 1920, the way seemed open for the rapid colonization of Palestine by Jewish immigrants. This first ordinance was extremely liberal, permitting immigration to any Jew who was healthy in body and mind and assured of a livelihood, provided he did not pose any political or cr{minal danger to society. Based on the Balfour Declaration of November 1917, this ordinance was intended to contribute to the fhl~llment of the prom~.~e that Palestine would be tr~,~.cformed into the Jewish National Homeland. 1 The anticipated influx of Jewish pioneers did not occur for a variety of reasons: there were more attractive countries to which to emigrate; the paths of alternative emigration were wellorganized; and Palestine was economically unattractive and lacked the physical comforts that could be found elsewhere. In addition, because the Zionist authorities were initially concerned that they could not cope with a mass immigration they did not attempt to recruit large numbers for immediate aliyah. At the same time, the Arabs were hostile to the creation of a Jewish majority in Palestine and hence demonstrated and lobbied against it. 2 Given this context, it is not surprising that the British quickly began to retreat from an open-door policy. First officially presented in a White Paper in June, 1922, the concept of the "economic absorptive capacity" was qvM~ed with far-reaching Consequences the conditions for immigration. This phrase became the key element in the formula that was thenceforth employed in limiting


It expatiates the deep content of the dialogue teaching primarily and ana- lyze the changements existing in the students'view,teachers'role,course view and ways of evaluation brought by it.


(Ba 0.65 Sr 0.35 TiO 3 )/P(VDF-TrFE)70/30 composites were irradiated with different dosages of 3 MeV protons. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns exhibit a gradual increase in inter-chain spacing and decrease of ferroelectric domain size with the increase in proton dosage. At higher proton dosages, a significant decrease in TSDC (thermally stimulated depolarization current) peak corresponds to ferroelectric to paraelectric (F-P) transition was observed and at a high dosage of 100 Mrad, the peak value is so low that only a straight line was observed. The DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) thermograms of irradiated composites show decreased peak temperatures and enthalpy with the increase of proton dosage. Due to proton irradiation, dielectric peaks have broadened and moved towards lower temperature with increasing frequency.


Traditionally, graduate programs in business administration have heavily relied on the Graduate Management Aptitude Test prepared and administered by the Educational Testing Service in the decision to admit a candidate to the program. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding the statistical validity and statistical independence of the GMAT. In light of the outcome of this review, an alternative admissions process is proposed.


The effects of the CM/RIIR blending ratio on the properties of CM/RIIR blend were investigated.The results showed that,as the CM/RIIR blending ratio decreased,the ML and MH-ML of the blend decreased,the t10 and t90 tended to shorten on the whole,the compression set and DIN abrasion loss increased,the elongation at break and resilience decreased,the tensile strength,tear strength and oil resistance kept stable at first and then dropped significantly;the CM/RIIR blending ratio had little effect on the hot air aging property of the blend.


Viewport prediction is a key enabler for 360° video streaming over wireless networks. To improve the prediction accuracy, a common approach is to use a content-based viewport prediction model. Saliency detection based on traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) suffers from distortion due to equirectangular projection. Also, the viewers may have their own viewing behavior and are not willing to share their historical head movement with others. To address the aforementioned issues, in this paper, we first develop a saliency detection model using a spherical CNN (SPCNN). Then, we train the viewers' head movement prediction model using personalized federated learning (PFL). Finally, we propose a content-based viewport prediction framework by integrating the video saliency map and the head orientation map of each viewer using fusion techniques. The experimental results show that our proposed framework provides higher average accuracy and precision when compared with three state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature.


This paper provides a data placement optimization approach for Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA) based computing platform in order to simultaneously optimize the performance of CGRA execution and data transformation between main memory and multi-bank memory. To achieve this goal, we have developed a performance model to evaluate the efficiency of data transformation and CGRA execution. This model is used for comparing the performances difference when using different data placement strategies. We search for the optimal data placement method by firstly choosing the method which generates the best CGRA execution efficiency from the candidates who can generate the optimal data transformation efficiency. Then we choose the best data placement strategy by comparing the performance of the selected strategy with the one generated through existing multi-bank optimization algorithm. Evaluation shows our approach is capable of optimizing the performance to 2.76x of state-of-the-art method when considering both data-transformation and CGRA execution efficiency.


Purpose: In the article, the authors reviewed a number of methods for the formation of cognitive processes of children of primary school age. The main emphasis is placed on the disclosure of the essence and role of interdisciplinary connection as one of the main means of forming the cognitive abilities of junior school children since the problem of interdisciplinary connection in education now attracts increasing attention of scientists and practical teachers.
Methodology: The history of pedagogy has accumulated a valuable heritage on the theory and practice of interdisciplinary connections, namely: an objective need to reflect the real relationship of objects and phenomena of nature and society in the educational cognition was formed (from the standpoint of pedagogy, methodology, psychology); ideological and developmental functions of interdisciplinary connections, their positive influence on the formation of a true system of scientific knowledge and the general mental development of the pupil were distinguished; method of coordinated teaching in various academic subjects was developed, attempts were made to prepare the teacher for the implementation of interdisciplinary connections in practice.
Result: The existing subject system of education, including primary grades, presupposes an autonomous consideration of individual aspects of reality and orients pupils towards the private assimilation of knowledge in one or another particular area that are weakly interconnected. Also, the article presents the opinions and definitions of scientists on the formation and development of children's cognitive processes, which allowed identifying a number of controversies, which were the prerequisites for research.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of formation of the cognitive abilities of junior schoolchildren based on interdisciplinary connection is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.


Objective: To compare the mortality in people using clozapine to that of people using other antipsychotics. Methods: Danish incidence cohort of 22,110 patients with a first diagnosis of non-affective psychotic disorder (1995–2013) and a prevalence cohort of 50,881 patients ever diagnosed with such a disorder (1969–2013). Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for the antipsychotic drug used at the time of death ("current use": incidence and prevalence cohort) and for the drug used for the longest at that moment ("cumulative use": incidence cohort), using a Cox model with adjustment for somatic comorbidity. Clozapine was the reference drug. Results: As for current drug use, the risk of suicide was higher among users of other antipsychotics in the incidence (HR adj = 1.76; 95% CI 0.72–4.32) and prevalence (HR adj = 2.20; 95% CI 1.35–3.59) cohorts. There was no significant difference in all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in the two cohorts. Cumulative use of clozapine was not associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality. Cumulative use of other antipsychotics for up to 1 year was associated with a lower all-cause mortality and suicide risk than a similar period of clozapine use (all-cause: HR adj = 0.73; 95% CI 0.63–0.85, suicide; HR adj = 0.65; 95% CI 0.46–0.91). Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of clozapine is not associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We found opposing trends toward a lower risk of suicide during current use of clozapine and a higher risk of suicide associated with cumulative use up to 1 year. This suggests that clozapine cessation marks a period of high risk of suicide.


This study experimentally evaluated the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism. A series of cyclic load tests were conducted on the steel moment resisting frames and the proposed knee braced frames. Test results validated that the demand in the beam-to-column connection designs was alleviated by the proposed design method. Test results also showed that the strength and stiffness of the proposed design were effectively enhanced. Comparisons in energy dissipation between the steel moment resisting frames and the steel knee braced frames further justified the applicability of the proposed method.


The purpose of this study is to produce a valid, practical and effective Ispring Quizmaker Application Assisted Instrument. The development model of the assessment instrument used is the Plomp model which includes three stages of development, namely: preliminary research (preliminary research), the development phase or prototype (development of prototypephase), and the assessment phase (Assessment phase). The results of the study have produced a valid, practical and effective Ispring Quizmaker application-assisted assessment instrument. The instrument is valid both in terms of material, construction, media and language with an average value of 78.76% with a very valid category. The practicality of the media has an average value of 92.06% with a very practical category, while for the effectiveness of understanding physics concepts based on questions per item of indicators understanding the concept of 65, 11% with the effective category.


This thesis deals with numerical methods for the discretization of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic convection-reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. We analyze these methods and apply them to the effective simulation of flow and contaminant transport in porous and fractured media. In Chapter 1 we propose a scheme allowing for efficient, robust, conservative, and stable discretizations of nonlinear degenerate parabolic convection-reaction-diffusion equations on unstructured grids in two or three space dimensions. We discretize the diffusion term, which generally involves an inhomogeneous and anisotropic diffusion tensor, by means of the nonconforming or mixed-hybrid finite element method and the other terms by means of the finite volume method. The essential part of this chapter is then devoted to showing the existence and uniqueness of a discrete solution and its convergence to a weak solution of the continuous problem. The proofs permit in particular to avoid restrictive hypotheses on the mesh often used in the literature. We finally propose a version of this scheme for nonmatching grids, combining this time the finite volume method with the piecewise linear conforming finite element method. We then apply this version to contaminant transport simulations in porous media. In Chapter 2 we present a direct proof of the discrete Poincare-Friedrichs inequalities for a class of nonconforming approximations of the Sobolev space H1, indicate optimal values of the constants in these inequalities, and extend the discrete Friedrichs inequality onto domains only bounded in one direction. The results are important in the analysis of nonconforming numerical methods, such as nonconforming finite element or discontinuous Galerkin methods. In Chapter 3 we show that the lowest-order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element method for elliptic problems on simplicial meshes in two or three space dimensions is equivalent to a particular multi-point finite volume scheme. We study this scheme and apply it to the discretization of nonlinear parabolic convection-reaction-diffusion equations. This approach allows significant reduction of the computational time of the mixed finite element method without any loss of its high precision, which is confirmed by numerical experiments. Finally, in Chapter 4 we propose a version of the lowest-order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element method for the approximation of elliptic problems on a system of two-dimensional polygons placed in three-dimensional space, prove that it is well-posed, and study its relation to the nonconforming finite element method. These results are finally applied to the simulation of underground water flow through a system of polygons representing a network of fractures that perturbs a rock massif.


The suggestion was put forward how did develop activity teaching of biological lesson .The activity teaching have very important meaning that improve the ability of students on analysis and solve problem,study science and suit exist.


The Angelo Bruno Business Library at The University of Alabama is a collaborator in a University outreach project, the Alabama Entrepreneurial Research Network (AERN). Centered in the Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, the purpose of AERN is to support entrepreneurship and small business development in rural, economically impoverished counties in central and south Alabama. AERN provides computing resources and support, business information resources, and training for the staff in the partner chambers of commerce and industrial development authorities as well as for the public. The Library's support of AERN is focused on on-site training and the development and maintenance of the AERN web site.


A potential function based path planner for a mobile robot to autonomously navigate an area crowded with people is proposed. Path planners based on potential functions have been essentially static, with very limited representation of the motion of obstacles as part of their navigation model. The static formulations do not take into account the possibility of using predicted workspace configuration to augment the performance of the path planner. The use of an elliptical region signifying the predicted position and direction of motion of an obstacle is proposed in this paper. The repulsive potential caused by an obstacle is defined relative to this elliptical field. An analytic switch is made when the robot enters this predicted elliptical zone of the obstacle. The development of navigation functions makes it possible to design a potential-based planner which is guaranteed to converge to the target.


Even before the 2020 China-India boundary crisis, there was some discussion about how India would approach intensifying Sino-US competition. In India, there has been a tendency to compare it to Del...


This paper expounds the measures for the reform of CPA industry supervision system,and points out that the self-discipline should play the predominant role in the CPA industry management system.


Polish forestry practices, the planting of 5.4 million trees coincided with a Polish interest in reforestation (226). In general, two common problems recur throughout the volume: the authors use the term "Great Stalin Plan for the Transformation of Nature" to refer to Stalinist economic development as a whole, and they work from the assumption that the Great Stalin Plan was the work of Trofim Lysenko. In truth, the Great Stalin Plan was the result of a scientific struggle inside the Soviet government, initiated by those who worried about the dangers of Stalin's industrial policies, and who resented Lysenko's interference in their work. The plan was accompanied by a considerable amount of bombastic propaganda, but at its core was an intention to protect and improve Russian hydrology. The authors effectively point out that the plan, designed with specifically Russian conditions in mind, failed to transform nature in eastern Europe when exported there, but their true item of concern is Soviet economic and scientific imperialism. The Great Stalin Plan, with its emphasis on afforestation, was among the least harmful aspects of Soviet domination.


John R. Z. Abela is Associate Professor and William Dawson Scholar in the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry at McGill University. With M. E. P. Seligman, he co-authored ''The Hopelessness Theory of Depression: A Test of the Diathesis-Stress Component in the Interpersonal and Achievement Domains,'' which appeared in Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2000, 24, 361–378. Benjamin L. Hankin is Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of South Carolina. With R. Mermelstein and L. Roesch, he co-authored ''Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression: Stress Exposure and Reactivity Models,'' which appeared in Child Development, 2007, 78, 279–295. Deborah J. Walder is Assistant Professor of Psychology at Brooklyn College of The City University of New York. She received a NARSAD Young Investigator Award 2008 to examine the interaction of early life stress with genetic predisposition in predicting brain integrity among adolescents at-risk for depression. Along with V. Mittal, H. Trotman, A. L. McMillan, & E. F. Walker, she co-authored ''Neurocognition and Conversion to Psychosis in Adolescents at High-Risk,'' which appeared in Schizophrenia Research, 2008, 101, 161–168.


The Study Focused on the Barriers to the Reading Comprehension of Public Junior High school Students. The study made use of qualitative techniques to identify barriers in Reading Comprehension from selected Grade 7 students at Pajo National High School, in the school year 2022-2023.The researchers utilized the Phil Iri guide questionnaires to determine the student's skills in terms of reading comprehension, this scale presents the overall view of the students themselves about the barriers and their reading comprehension.The study yielded that Despite the teachers' best efforts, it is obvious that students experience challenges in developing their reading comprehension. Moreover, the students agreed that they have difficulties understanding the texts provided. Likewise, despite the teachers' confidence in their overall ability to teach reading, there will always be some students who struggle to understand the readings, even if the bulk of students may do it well. This may be a sign that the teacher did not further consult with each and every student when it came to the discussions. If teachers want to further develop their students' reading comprehension skills, they must be able to meet their urge to innovate their comprehension.


Reducing the energy-related costs is a significant concern for Cloud Computing providers. Although many efficiency techniques had been evaluated, incentives for demand management according to energy sector information is not usual. The energy prices and availability vary according to daytime and geographical position, which implies in different prices for the resources in distinct periods. The higher flexibility of the Cloud Computing capacity regarding energy provider enables the adaptation of the infrastructure to take advantage of the energy prices fluctuation and the different sources availability. This work defines an infrastructure layer that allows negotiation and management of computing resources based on energy information for various time intervals. The proposed solution sets processing plans and establishes scheduling conditions to seize the most efficient usage of energy. A model that translates the customer contract information, searches for the lowest energy prices, and allocates the services based on these searches, is presented to reinforce our approach. Our results point out financial savings of almost 20% in comparison to non-energy management techniques.


Many organizations are striving for the continuous survival and development of the organization in a complex and unpredictable environment. In particular, as the creative performance of members is the basis of organizational performance and success, research interest in the factors affecting member's creativity is increasing. Among them, positive leadership is a major area of research interest. However, there is also a negative form of leadership in the organization. Authoritarian leadership is one of the type that can be easily found due to the hierarchical nature of the organization. Nonetheless, previous studies have several limitations. First, there are limited studies that investigate the relationship between the supervisor's authoritarian leadership and member creativity, and in particular, studies on the mechanism of explaining the relationship between the two variables are insufficient. Second, research on moderating variables influencing on the process of influencing authoritarian leadership is insufficient. This study was conducted with two research purposes to supplement this. First, it examines the influence process inherent in the relationship between the supervisor's authoritarian leadership and creativity. Specifically, in this study, we consumed psychological ownership as an important channel of influence according to social exchange theory. Second, this study verify the moderating effect of the member's calling in the impact process of authoritarian leadership on creativity through the member's psychological ownership. To verify this, 154 pairs of military officers (commissioned officers and noncommissioned officers) were surveyed with 6-week time interval, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, authoritarian leadership hinders creativity through the psychological ownership of members. In addition, the higher the member's calling, the weaker the negative relationship between authoritarian leadership and psychological ownership, and the moderated mediating effect was also significant. Based on the research results, the theoretical and practical implications of this study were presented, and in the conclusion section, the limitations of the study and future research directions were mentioned.


FURTHER RESEARCH IS REQUIRED BY THOSE CONCERNED WITH THE DESIGN AND USE OF TRAFFIC SIGNS AS DRIVERS ARE INSUFFICIENTLY EDUCATED IN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SIGNS CURRENTLY IN USE. THIS GIVES RISE TO A LARGE NUMBER OF DANGEROUS MANOEUVRES, ACCIDENTS BARELY AVOIDED AND ACTUAL ACCIDENTS. IT WOULD BE INTERESTING TO KNOW THE DEGREE TO WHICH INSUFFICIENT TRAFFIC SIGNS, INCORRECT OR ILLEGIBLE SIGNS CAN LEAD TO THESE RISKS.


There are lots of evaluation systems for the performance of government policies and activities, but the legislative activities can be evaluated only by elections at the intervals of 4 years in Korea. In order to strengthen our local autonomy system, we need to review local councils' activities more systematically and more regularly and make the evaluations open to the public. This study is building up a comprehensive model of the indicators of local councils in Korea. There are four categories of indicators to evaluate local councils ; representativeness indicators, input indicators, activity indicators and output indicators. Unfortunately, it is difficult to agree on any universal set of indicators for the performance of local councils. For this reason, we need to be cautious in using these indicators to compare local councils in different areas and periods. Though we have difficulty in evaluating local legislative activities objectively, we can expect to raise the quality of representative activities by introducing these indicators in this study.


In this paper, an eight order efficient digital infinite impulse response filter is designed to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and minimise the hardware and power consumption. For this task, an optimisation method has been adapted to reduce the root mean square error and hardware usage. The filter has been designed and analysed using Matlab and Modelsim, the implementation has been synthesis on Xilinx Spartan 3E-100 (xc3s100e) field-programmable gate array board. Moreover, an optimisation process using parallel algorithm has bee adapted for further reduction in the hardware area and power consumption. The results show the Band Pass Filter effectively functions in real time recording application with significant improvement in the SNR which could achieve high-velocity selective resolution. The present work offers a structure of implementing a band-pass filter on FPGAs using a nonlinear digital filter shows a significant saving of 25.4% in power consumption and 29.9% of the hardware size comparing with the latest algorithm of IIR filter design. Consequently, this is an essential development to enhance the neural signals to be adopted as reference or control signals in artificial limbs devices.


The total absorption cross section for Zircaloy-2 plates of thickness varying from 0.2 to 6.4 mm was determined in the neutron spectrum of the Rl reactor. The effective resonance integrals were obtained by subtracting the thermal cross section from the measured cross sections and dividing by the factor alpha . Effective resonance integrals were also obtained for zirconium after corrections for hafnium, tin, etc. An extrapolated value of 0.85 plus or minus 0.15 b was obtained for the infinitely dilute integral (l/ nu part excluded). The ratio of the resonance integral for plate thicknesses 0.2 and 6.4 mm was measured to be 1.65 plus or minus 0.25. (D.L.C.)


The higher vocational education has developed energetically.Opportunities and challenges coexist.The old patterns of stable higher vocational education have been broken.The state far from equilibrium of present higher vocational education is attributable to the teaching reform constantly.The new reconstruction of order of higher vocational education is imperative.I.Prigoging's dissipative structures theory consider that an open system far from equilibrium state could generate a new self-organization order called the dissipative structures under the influence of material flow and energy flow.A new direction of order will be determined by strange attractor.Moral internalization should be the strange attractor of the reconstruction of new order of higher vocational.


The acoustic pulse generator described in the previous paper has been used to examine extended impulse responses in bores of simple geometry with relatively few, distinct discontinuities. These are pressure waveforms at the input end that result from the application of a single volume velocity pulse there. The complex input impedance curve of a bore is just the Fourier transform of its extended impulse response, so that curve can be displayed live on an FFT spectrum analyzer [A. H. Benade, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 70, S22 (1981)]. Theoretical impulse responses for individual reflections and transmissions have been convolved repeatedly for comparison with the multiple reflections observed experimentally. This time‐domain approach is easy to grasp intuitively, and it sheds a different light on the regimes of oscillation that arise when a bore provides feedback to a nonlinear driver.


The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is currently in the conceptual design phase for the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice upgrade. In order to achieve long-term beam stability goals, a mechanical motion system (MMS) has been designed to monitor critical in-tunnel beam position monitoring devices. The mechanical motion generated from changes in chamber cooling water temperature, tunnel air temperature, beam current, and undulator gap position causes erroneous changes in beam position measurements causing drift in the x-ray beam position. The MMS has been prototyped and presently provides critical information on the vacuum chamber and beam position monitor (BPM) support systems. We report on the first results of the prototype system installed in the APS storage ring. INTRODUCTION In order to achieve the one micron long-term drift beam stability requirements seen in Table 1, all sources of mechanical motion of critical in-tunnel beam position monitoring devices must be carefully evaluated and appropriately addressed. Experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) clearly confirm that the thermal distortion of the vacuum chamber leads to movements of the BPMs up to 10 m/ ̊C, or a 0.5 m peakpeak for a cooling water temperature change of 0.05 ̊C peak-peak. This distortion is incompatible with the new beam stability requirements for the planned APS multibend achromat (MBA) upgrade. Research to quantify motion specifically for the APS accelerator tunnel and experiment hall floor has been ongoing for over five years [1]. The plan for the MBA upgrade is to use insertion device vacuum chambers (IDVCs) similar to what APS has installed today. Mechanical stability of BPM pickup electrodes mounted on these small-gap IDVCs potentially places a fundamental limitation on long-term x-ray beam stability for insertion device beamlines. The mechanical motion system (MMS) studies have opened a new window of understanding into how to measure and correct for these complex nonlinear mechanical movements with environmental changes. The MBA MMS design will monitor the position of the BPM in real time during user beam operations to compensate for the distortion of the insertion device vacuum chamber (IDVC). Table 1: MBA Beam Stability Requirements Plane AC rms Motion (0.01-1000 Hz) Long-term Drift (100s-7 days) Horizontal 1.7 μm 0.25 μrad 1.0 μm 0.6 μrad Vertical 0.4 μm 0.17 μrad 1.0 μm 0.5 μrad


Ubiquitin-dependent processes control much of cellular physiology. We show that expression of a highly active, Epstein-Barr virus-derived deubiquitylating enzyme (EBV-DUB) blocks proteasomal degradation of cytosolic and ER-derived proteins by preemptive removal of ubiquitin from proteasome substrates, a treatment less toxic than the use of proteasome inhibitors. Recognition of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, their dislocation to the cytosol, and degradation are usually tightly coupled but can be uncoupled by the EBV-DUB: a misfolded glycoprotein that originates in the ER accumulates in association with cytosolic chaperones as a deglycosylated intermediate. Our data underscore the necessity of a DUB activity for completion of the dislocation reaction and provide a new means of inhibition of proteasomal proteolysis with reduced cytotoxicity. Citation: Ernst R, Claessen JHL, Mueller B, Sanyal S, Spooner E, et al. (2011) Enzymatic Blockade of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. PLoS Biol 8(3): e1000605. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000605 Academic Editor: Jonathan D Ashwell, National Cancer Institute-NIH, United States of America Received August 3, 2010; Accepted February 17, 2011; Published March 29, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Ernst et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: RE is supported by an EMBO long term Fellowship, 2008-379. JHLC, AGvdV and BM were supported by a fellowship from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds. This work was supported by grants from the NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abbreviations: DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; MNOP, maximum number of (co-precipitated) peptides; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; poly-Ub, polyubiquitin; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; TCRa, alpha chain of the T-cell receptor; Ub, ubiquitin; UPS, ubiquitin-proteasome-system; VME, vinyl methyl ester; UFD, ubiquitin fusion degradation. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ¤a Current address: Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany ¤b Current address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Richard B. Simches Research Center-7, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ¤c Current address: Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America . These authors contributed equally to this work.


An integrated system for knowledge representation, consisting of a structural component and a relational component, is discussed, and its application to Semantic Web is outlined. Grounded upon Description Logics (DL), the structural component enables representation of ontologies along with RDF annotations of Web contents, and various kinds of ontology-based reasoning. The relational component, by contrast, allows one to describe relationships between individuals using an extended form of Horn rules, in which terminological membership constraints can be specified. Reasoning process in the integrated system is driven by an extended backward-chaining algorithm embedded in the relational component. The two components interact by means of concept instantiation checking, which is supported by a state-of-the-art DL system, called RACER. Not only does the integration extend the expressiveness of a representation language; in addition, employment of backward chaining in conjunction with a specialized reasoner such as RACER makes it possible to improve deduction process since specialized reasoners typically perform better than general purpose ones. Some experimental studies are reported.


A highway widening project on I-40 through Raleigh, North Carolina, required that all existing lanes remain open and that traffic not be disrupted by trucks entering and exiting the work site. A novel solution was devised in the use of conveyors to transport asphalt and stone above the highway to the work site in the median. The conveyors eliminated the need for 11,800 truck trips across the highway and 237 lane closures over the course of the job. Full closure of I-40 was required for one night to install the conveyors and again for one night to remove them. A 30 percent time savings was achieved by the use of warm mix asphalt instead of hot mix since there was no need to wait for the pavement to cool between layers.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Sexual harassment and gender discrimination toward female surgeons is a longstanding, well-recognized issue. As more women pursue training in urology, we must acknowledge the distinct challenges women urologists face within our specialty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sexual harassment of women urologists and trainees and to understand the factors associated with this behavior. METHODS: An electronic survey census was sent to all members of the Society of Women in Urology including residents, fel- lows


This paper presents results from an ongoing research effort to study single-phase and two-phase flow in ejectors numerically and experimentally. The goal of this study is twofold. The numerical analysis is intended to explore the details of the complex flow patterns within an ejector to help design more efficient ejectors. The experimental study was mainly intended to verify the feasibility of an idea previously proposed by the authors. This idea is to introduce fine droplets of a nonvolatile liquid into the driving fluid flow to reduce irreversibilities in the mixing chamber, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the ejector. The numerical results show that CFD analysis can be a very helpful and often reliable tool to understand the complex flow patterns within ejectors. Those results show some interesting flow phenomena that have not been adequately addressed in the literature. It was also found that CFD results are strongly dependent on grid resolution and the turbulence model employed. The experimental results show that two-phase flow can indeed be advantageous in certain cases. The limitations of this idea are discussed in some detail.


The method (800) for determining a problem in the ink jet nozzle by using the measured impedance, including the impedance sensor (801) detecting a first drive bubble impedance measurement; and the impedance of the first impedance sensor after measurement perform (802) a second impedance measurement detects the drive bubble.


The Hedlcy area is situated approximately 40 kilometrcs castsllutlieast ufPrinceton. ill southwestern Br1tis.h Columbia. 'She main objectives of this thrcc-year project. ujhich war initiated in 1985, include: (a) To geologically mqJ. at a scale of I:20 0 0 0 , the Hedley area. (bj To exarninc the gecNchemistry, controls. and rcgiondl setting of the numerous golc dcposits in the Hcdley district, including the former Nickel PMe, Hedley Mascnt. Canty, French, and Goodhopc mines. (cj To outline a stratip'aphic succession f o r thc Mesozoic scdimentary sequcnce in the Hcdlcydistrxt andcstablish. ifprxsi-


Cury-Jacquemin, R. (2012). Normative data for the Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Test in adolescents aged 12 14 years. Dissertation (Master s Degree), Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto. Accompanying a worldwide trend towards the improvement of the psychological assessment instruments, it is possible to observe, in the Brazilian context, efforts of many researchers seeking quality and encouraging the appropriate use of these techniques. Among the methods studied and widely used in Brazil and abroad lies the Rorschach Psychodiagnostic Test that, although it is an important technique of personality assessment, still requires scientific research in the Brazilian environment, in order to provide appropriate support for its clinical use in different contexts. Difficulties are found particularly as regards the elaboration of appropriate normative reference to interpret technical indicators, especially in investigating the development of children and adolescents. In this context, this study aims to establish normative patterns of the Rorschach Method (French School) for 12-14-year-old adolescents, from both genders, with typical development indicators, in order to provide technical references to support analytical and interpretive processes of this projective instrument for this age, in contemporary sociocultural reality. For this purpose, a sample of 174 students from public and private schools from the city of Ribeirao Preto, in the country region of the State of Sao Paulo (SP), was evaluated. The adolescents were examined, individually, by an informative questionnaire about participants' life history (responded by their parents and/or guardians), by the Non Verbal Intelligence Test (INV – form C), and by the Rorschach Method (French School). The first two instruments were used as selection criteria of participants in order to compose a sample of adolescents with indicative signs of typical development. Each Rorschach protocol collected was coded by three independent judges, with subsequent analysis of inter-rater agreement. The results of the adolescents were examined in 56 variables of the Rorschach French School in descriptive (mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum) and inferential terms, using the method of linear regression and binomial distribution, depending on the variable analyzed in order to evaluate possible influences of gender, age, and school origin in the production. An overview of the current normative references indicated the following mean indexes: a) productivity and rhythm: R = 21,3 responses; TLm = 17,6 seconds and TRm = 29,6 seconds; b) apprehension models: G = 25,7%, D = 45,7%, Dd = 27,3% and Dbl = 1,3%; c) determinants and formal indexes: F% = 45,2%, and F+ext% = 65,5%; d) predominant affective experience style: extratensive; e) contents predominant: ∑A = 53,8% e ∑H = 22,7%; f) Ban = 14,8%. The analysis of the possible effect of variables such as gender, age and school origin on the production of the sample examined, showed statistically significant differences in a reduced number of variables of this projective method, so as to enable the formulation of global normative data and a single atlas for adolescents aged 12 14 years of both genders, coming from public and private schools in the country region of the State of Sao Paulo, fulfilling the goals outlined here, enabling improvements in analytical-interpretative processes of this projective method in the contemporary Brazilian reality. (CAPES) Key-words: Rorschach. Norms. Adolescents. Psychological Assessment. Projective Techniques. Personality.


Deep latent-variable models learn representations of high-dimensional data in an unsupervised manner. A number of recent efforts have focused on learning representations that disentangle statistically independent axes of variation, often by introducing suitable modifications of the objective function. We synthesize this growing body of literature by formulating a generalization of the evidence lower bound that explicitly represents the trade-offs between sparsity of the latent code, bijectivity of representations, and coverage of the support of the empirical data distribution. Our objective is also suitable to learning hierarchical representations that disentangle blocks of variables whilst allowing for some degree of correlations within blocks. Experiments on a range of datasets demonstrate that learned representations contain interpretable features, are able to learn discrete attributes, and generalize to unseen combinations of factors.


types of speech activity and, according to many methodologists, should be developed better than other skills. One of the practical tasks in the field of listening is to teach students the perception of foreign language in conditions that are close to real.


In the field of science data mining plays a major role in solving complex real world problems. The proposed method uses the predictive approach to determine the quality of water. To carry out the work, waste water samples were collected from textile industries and a dataset was created. Initially, preprocessing of the sample dataset was carried out. Classification is performed with, Random forest and Random Trees. Mean square error and the mean absolute error values were computed and the results are tabulated. Based on this, decision can be made regarding the recycling of the treated water. With the result it is well evident that the proposed method is able to predict the quality in a better way.


Application of computational fluid dynamics to the design and analysis of supercritical wing sections is discussed. Computer programs used to study the flight of modern aircraft at high subsonic speeds are listed and described. The cascades of shockless transonic airfoils that are expected to increase the efficiency of compressors and turbines are included.


ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) development and progression were stimulated by environmental or genetic factors. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in apolipoprotein genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism were primary candidates as susceptibility genes for coronary atherosclerosis.
Aims and Objectives: Distribution and association of APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), and APOC3 gene (3238 C>G) polymorphisms with serum lipid parameters in CAD subjects will provide the link between SNP and serum lipid parameters as well as CAD outcome.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty diagnosed CAD patients and one hundred and fifty healthy controls were included. Serum lipid profile was measured and APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), and APOC3 gene (3238C>G) polymorphism were detected by DNA analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.
Results: In APOC3 gene (3238 C>G) polymorphism, there was a statistically significant difference in triglycerides between CC (Wild) and CG+GG (Mutant) genotypes (p<0.001) in the dominant genetic model and also statistically a significant difference in triglycerides between CC+CG (Wild) and GG (Mutant) genotypes (p<0.001) in the recessive genetic model.
Conclusion: Results of the present study could help to understand the association of APOA1 gene and APOC3 gene polymorphism with serum lipid profiles and CAD and further researches were needed to confirm the influence of other contributing factors for the development of CAD.
Keywords: Polymorphism, Apolipoprotein A1, APOA1 gene (-75 G>A), Apolipoprotein C3, APOC3 gene (3238 C>G), Coronary Artery Disease


Reading product reviews is the best way to know the product quality in online shopping. Due to the huge review number, customers and merchants need product analysis algorithms to help with quality analysis. Current researches use sentiment analysis to replace quality analysis. However, it has a significant drawback. This paper proves that the sentiment-based analysis algorithms are insufficient for online product quality analysis. They ignore the relationship between aspect and its description and cannot detect noise (unrelated description). So this paper raises a Lifelong Product Quality Analysis algorithm LPQA to learn the relationship between aspects. It can detect the noise and improve the opinion classification performance. It improves the classification F1 score to 77.3% on the Amazon iPhone dataset and 69.99% on Semeval Laptop dataset.


Some of the most important engineering skills required nowadays, such as the ability to co-operate to find appropriate information, to solve problems through critical and creative thinking, to make decisions and to communicate effectively, are dealt with in this study carried out with chemical engineering students. The study investigates how certain competences needed by students may be developed through co-operative learning. Learners were given clear evaluation rubrics to know what was expected of them. Data were obtained from a survey form, assessment results and meetings with individual groups. The main results indicate that the teacher's involvement in creating a challenging, integrated teaching unit and students' effort in co-operating to create their final written and oral reports led to considerable improvement in understanding unit operations as well as to very high student motivation. The data support the hypothesis that well-defined comprehensive protocols, rubrics and co-operative work direct students towards successful learning. © 2010 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


AlGaN alloys have been widely used to make ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) because its energy bandgap covers 200–360 nm wavelength range. However, AlGaN shows strong transverse magnetic polarization in deep UV range, which severely prevents light extraction from top surface of UV-LEDs. In this paper, we propose a novel flip-chip AlGaN nanowire LED with top photonic crystals, for the purpose of improving light extraction efficiency (LEE) from top surface. Using three-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulation, we first investigate the LEE in vertical direction of nanowire LEDs. By carefully optimizing the size and density of nanowires, we demonstrate that nanowire structures can be designed to inhibit the emission of guided mode and promote light extraction from top surface. Based on the optimized nanowire structure, we also study the effect of top photonic crystals on the LEE of vertical emission. A high LEE up to 79.4% can be achieved by optimizing the height, spacing, and radius of top photonic crystals. Analyzing the lateral electric field distribution of AlGaN nanowire LEDs with and without top photonic crystals, we find that top photonic crystals can effectively improve the LEE of vertical emission by coupling the light trapped in epitaxial layers out of LEDs.


CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors. ABSTRACT: Porphyrin-fluorene conjugates bridged by ethynylene were synthesized through Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. These molecules showed strong nonlinear absorption when measured using a nanosecond Z-scan method. The largest effective two-photon absorption cross-section was observed for trisporphyrin as 2.7 × 10 5 GM at 760 nm, which was 10 times larger than that obtained for monoporphyrin.


For lots of physical concepts with different manifestations were introduced in the teaching materials of Inorganic Chemistry,which would reduce students to catch their relations and differences,and was confused during study.The equilibrium constants and related constants were systematically summarized and analyzed to make the knowledge systematic and organized for the students to understand and grasp better.


The carpet shell clam, Ruditapes decussatus is one of the most popular and commercially important mollusks in Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the effect of density (50, 150 and 200 ind/m 2 ) and temperature (21 and 24 o C) on growth performances and survival rates of Ruditapes decussatus seeds using two different techniques (racking cage and closed system). The growth performances were determined by measurement of all biometric measurements comprised shell length, height, width, total weight, soft body weight and dry weight before, through and at the end of the experiments. The best growth was recorded in density 150 ind/m 2 in the racking cage. Concerning temperature experiment, the highest growth performances were recorded at 21±1 o C compared with other higher temperature.


Tourism industry becomes a productive economic sector in the world. Nowdays, tourism industry in every country vary and is potentially to developed, especially in Indonesia. North Sumatera is one of the priority provinces for tourism development in Indonesia. One of the most popular tourism destinations in North Sumatera is Samosir Island Lake Toba. This research aims to analysis the influence of accommodation and destination in North Sumatera Tourism Industry. The population of this study is local tourist and international tourists visiting Tourist Destination in North Sumatera. Sample of this study is 250 respondents. Data analysis was used by software of Amos 22 with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of study prove that accommodation and destination have positively and significantly effeted to tourist satisfaction, the communication and hospitality of human aspect in providing services to the tourist are more concerned to improve. In terms of developing human aspect of accommodation and destination in North Sumatera, tourism industry needs to be focussed on two aspects, namely: hospitality and communication skill. Proposed idea in improving the human aspect of the tourism industry is enchanging the creation of hybrid tourits satisfaction


Imperforate hymen is the most common congenital cause of genital flow obstruction in females. Although it is noticeable in all ages by the inspection of external genitalia, imperforate hymen is commonly misdiagnosed. We present a case in which a virgo intacta adolescent, with normal secondary sexual characters, without menarche, that evolved to acute abdomen and hematocolpus due to imperforate hymen.


This chapter attempts to make sense of Kant's deduction of the existence of a material aether from the principle of complete determination in his last great work, the Opus postumum. Edwards does this by tracing the connection of Kant's understanding of the relation between existence and complete determination back to their unique formulation in Baumgarten's Metaphysics and Kant's continued development of this nexus of ideas in his own pre-critical writings. Edwards' essay shows that Baumgarten's formulation was a fundamental condition for the development of Kant's similar doctrine and that, contrary to appearances, the derivation of existence from such a principle does not in fact compromise the critical dimension of Kant's thought.


Heart rate is a potent predictor of major cardiovascular events in the general population and in patients with cardiovascular disease. High heart rate facilitates atherogenesis and atherosclerosis progression. It is an important determinant of the occurrence of myocardial ischemia and malignant arrhythmias. Despite its associations with other risk factors, it remains an independent risk predictor in epidemiological studies. Heart rate reduction is associated with clinical benefits in the treatment of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Promoting heart rate from a risk predictor with important prognostic implications to a risk factor will require formal demonstration that pure heart rate reduction will decrease cardiovascular event rates in a prospectively conducted clinical trial. This hypothesis is currently being tested in the BEAUTIFUL and SHIFT trials.


Cilastatin was synthesized from 7-bromo-2-oxoheptanoic acid (2) and (+)-(S) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxamide (3), via two steps of reaction in 19.7% yield. Ethyl 2,2-diethoxyacetate, after four steps of reaction. afforded 2 in 47.8% yield. Compound 3 was prepared from 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol via six steps of reaction in 6.5% yield.


Nonstoichiometric binary metal diboride superconductors Mg-{1x}B-2 (x0, 0.1,{0.2}) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the excess amount of Mg lead easily to the insulating MgB-6 and MgO impurities and the solubility of Mg in MgB-2 is limited. When the impurity density is not very high, the superconducting transition temperature T-c is hardly affected from the study of its resistivity and a.c. susceptibility, but the resistivity in normal state increases rapidly and the diamagnetic screening signal deceases fast with increasing x. The relation between the real and imaginary part of a.c. susceptibility and the excess amount of Mg is discussed. Our result show that the insulating impurities caused by excess amount of Mg will impair the Josephson coupling in the grain boundaries.


Starting with the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, Campos et al. have applied Hylleraas' method along with the series obtained by Wind-Jaffe to several molecular ions, among which the H2+ system, to determine their electronic energies in different states. In this work, we have fitted the potential energy curves for the 2pπ, 3dσ, 4dσ, 4fπ, 4fσ, 5gσ, and 6iσ electronic states of the H2+ ion employing the Rydberg generalized function. From these fittings, the spectroscopic constants and the rovibrational energies have been determined by two distinct methods: Dunham's and the discrete variable representation. The theoretically obtained results are in a satisfactory agreement and are expected to provide a comparison source to future works in the experimental field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011


Hardware/software codesign approaches consist generally in HW/SW partitioning and scheduling, constrained code generation, hardware and interface synthesis. This paper presents the codesign of an industrial experiment in acoustic echo cancellation (GMDF/spl alpha/ algorithm) and emphasizes the partitioning and communication synthesis steps. This experiment points out interesting problems such as data and programs distribution between system memories and modeling communications in the partitioning process.


Most access control models have formal access control rules to govern the authorization of a request from a principal. In pervasive and collaborative environments, the behaviors of a principal are uncertain due to partial information. Moreover, the attributes of a principal, requested objects, and contexts of a request are mutable during the collaboration. A variety of such uncertainty and mutability pose challenges when resources sharing must happen in the collaborative environment. In order to address the above challenges, we propose a framework to integrate trust management into a usage control model in order to support decision making in an ever-changing collaborative environment. First, a trust value of a principal is evaluated based on both observed behaviors and peer recommendations. Second, the usage-based access control rules are checked to make decisions on resource exchanges. Our framework handles uncertainty and mutability by dynamically disenrolling untrusted principals and revoking granted on-going access if access control rules are no longer met. We have applied our trust-based usage control framework to an application of file sharing.


At first,introduces the two teaching methods: Content-Based Instruction(CBI) and Form-Focused Instruction(FFI),explores the effect of this two teaching methods on foreign language teaching by demonstration research.Research shows: adopting CBI is beneficial to advance undergraduate English listening and speaking competence,is beneficial to grasp more words;FFI has significant effect on grasping English grammar knowledge systemically;on the aspect of advancing undergraduate reading and writing skills,the two teaching methods have no obvious difference.


A single chip, 10-channel optical transimpedance receiver and a low-power, single channel clock recovery circuit have been designed and characterized. The 10-channel receiver operates from a single 3.3 V or 5 V power supply, is capable of automatic offset correction, and generates ECL or PECL output levels. The clock recovery circuit operates from a single 5 V power supply and is based upon a novel variation on the so-called early-late gate bit synchronizer loop.


This chapter first develops Paul's understanding of Christian community with particular emphasis on its unity, and its identification with 'Christ'. It is the antithesis of the world/society, which is dominated by a false value system ('Sin'). The authentic existence of the members of the community protected them from Sin and was the basis of their freedom. Any form of selfishness ('sin'), therefore, was a threat to freedom. Then the chapter offers a detailed exegesis of 1 Cor 11: 17–34. It argues that the reference to the necessity of divisions (v. 19) may be an allusion to a Corinthian slogan, that Paul believed in the reality of the change of bread and wine ('transubstantiation'), and that the validity of the eucharist was conditioned by genuine love and sharing among believers (vv. 20 and 26).


While the positive moral education to the new century youths is of great importance,historical education is vivid,specific and active in practice.The combination of the two is believed to do good to the students.


This article is based on three performance papers, which started as a cocreated performance project based on a Greek myth in the autumn of 2021 and continued in 2022. A transdisciplinary artistic collective consisting of an oral storyteller, a choreographer/director, and a textile artist take a closer look at our experiences and what we named as "the extended artistic dialogue". With the research question: what can recognize an extended artistic dialogue? the article discusses what is needed in an extended artistic dialogue. The collaboration created a togetherness at the same time embracing the specialty from each artform. The artistic process was vibrant and dynamic as it continuously changed along the way, developing the scenarios in the performance and one's own poetic. Listening opens the participatory process and was an experiencing for new knowledge and interpreting the experience. Our experience is that the extended artistic dialogue through the artistic processes creates relational places where the artforms flourish through respectful, inclusive, and equitable treatment of others sharing professional information, knowledge, and ideas.


Classifier combination constitutes an interesting approach when solving multi-class classification problems. We propose to carry out this combination in the belief functions framework. Our approach, similar to a method proposed by Hastie and Tibshirani in a probabilistic framework, is first presented. The performances obtained on various datasets are then analyzed, showing a gain of classification accuracy using the belief functions approach.


The Health Sciences and Human Services Library holds in its Historical Collections dissertations required for obtaining the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Maryland (UM) during the 19th century. A project to digitize these dissertations for inclusion in the UM Digital Archive began in 2011, thanks to an award from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Southeastern/Atlantic Region. This article presents challenges encountered, as well as rewards and learning experiences gained during this digitization project, especially in the assignment of accurate metadata, and in the assessment of scanning quality.