Engineered T cells that encode transgenic T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are increasingly being tested is a new modality for cancer immunotherapy. In this presentation we will review emerging patterns of efficacy and toxicity after adoptive cell transfer (ACT), with a focus on blood cancers. Striking efficacy has been observed in acute and chronic B cell leukemia and lymphoma. More unexpectedly, strong antitumor effects are being observed in multiple trials in patients with advanced refractory and relapsed myeloma. In some cases, toxicity has been predicted in preclinical models. In other cases, toxicity was only uncovered after results from Phase 1 clinical trial results were in hand. Onset of toxicity can be immediately observed following infusion of cells or maybe delayed. Toxicity usually occurs coincident with peak (Cmax) levels of adoptively transferred cells. Today with more than 1,000 patients having been infused with genetically engineered human T cells, genotoxicity has not been reported. To date, the induction of irAE appears to be less than with checkpoint therapies, although more experience with ACT is required to determine the ultimate incidence of autoimmune toxicities.


This book considers how the Na Mieu (Mieu people) of North Vietnam adapted to a world in which other peoples - the Tay and the Kinh - are dominant, and how the modern state increasingly reshaped the conditions in which they live. It identifies the extent of the Mieu's adaptation in light of the policies of integration and modernization imposed upon them by the modern state. It also considers the changes undergone by the Mieu as they reconstruct their identity and present themselves as a distinct people. Finally, by placing the transformation of Mieu identity in the broader context of multi-ethnic nationstates, it discusses the general nature and processes of change in ethnic identities.


The revival of the Just War tradition among theologians and political thinkers has opened the way in recent years to a fruitful debate on the morality of modern warfare. This book is a study of the concept of deterrence as an alternative to war, which examines the intellectual provenance of this strategy for managing international affairs. The author highlights the conflict between pacifism and deterrence and its failure to predict inter-bloc relations. His study raises questions about the place of deterrence theory within the intellectual currents of the modern West.


Since the 1990s, global warming together with the abatement of greenhouse gases (GHG) has emerged as a key issue in the world. Achieving a 450mmp GHG concentration in the atmosphere and a control temperature of less than 20C relative to pre-industrialized conditions in the world in 2100 have been designated as long-term goals. The International Energy Agency (IEA, 2008) indicated that low-carbon energy technologies (including renewable energy and biofuels, nuclear energy, natural gas, et al.) are priority policies and measures to response to global warming and reach GHG mitigation targets, where energy efficiency and renewable energy account for about 78% of the reduction of GHG emissions (see Figure 1).


Background: to organize multimodal transportation and choose the best route option for fuel delivery, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for choosing the best solution from the considered ones. This is indicated in the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Railways Holding Company for the period up to 2025 and for the future of 2030 ("White Paper", where on pages 25-26 it is said about the need to develop new transport and logistics products and services in global transport chains in the development of multimodal transport and the need to develop and organize new multimodal freight transport). Federal Railway Administrations of the United States, page 127 of the White Paper, points to the need to improve the methodology of integrated multimodal transport planning at the global, national and regional levels, increase the demand for transport and logistics services, and transition to supply chain management.
Aim: to develop a method for multi-criteria rationalization of the choice of multimodal transport routes with the possibility of considering hypothetical options.
Materials and Methods: the fundamental works of leading scientists in the field of improving the efficiency of production in accordance with the needs of the economy in transportation A.V. Annenkov, P.B. Romanova were used. In the field of justification of decisions on cargo terminals, determining the volume of tank farms with the possibility of their expansion O.B. Malikov, V.N. Sapronov. The application of multi-criteria rationalization by comparing the criteria under consideration is given in the work of A.T. Osminin, which developed a scientifically based method aimed at creating analytical and control systems. In the field of risk analysis and assessment of the work of A.G. Kotenko. The works of A.Y. Akhriev, A.B. Egorov, A.A. Kalushin, V.N. Mirushkin, E.V. Pasyunin, and A.V. Savelyev were studied in the field of improving the optimization of the oil transshipment complex, and the works of M.A. Nazarov and O.M. Sergeeva in the segment of logistics of river and sea oil transportation.
Results: it consists in improving the quality of solutions to problems in the transportation of liquid fuel by means of transport in multimodal communication based on the use of the developed method. The set of criteria considered in the method allows you to set and solve transport problems with almost no restrictions on complexity, which in each case allows you to get better results.
Conclusion: Using the method in practice allows not only to objectively find the best solution from the considered ones, but also to study hypothetical transportation schemes with the possible construction of new tracks and their elements, and compare existing and new schemes by a set of criteria, including construction costs and payback time of new tracks, and as a result find the best solution to the task.


Small populations of Laimydorus istvani sp. n., Laimydorus baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982 and Dorylaimus sp. were collected fromthe soil around the roots of guava at south 24-Parganas district, West Bengal, India. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. is characterizedby its odontostyle being distinctly thicker than the cuticle at the same level, cardia shape: rounded-conoid, wide at pharyngo-intestinal junction, enveloped by intestinal tissue which forms a conical projection extending into the lumen of intestine;delicate ring-like structure between the pharyngeal base and the proper cardia. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. comes close to L. multialaeus (Khera, 1970) Baqri, 1985, L. siddiqii Baqri & Jana, 1982 and L. baldus Baqri & Jana, 1982, but can bedistinguished from these species on the basis of different morphometric measurements. The new species differs from L. multialaeus in having higher a value, lower b value and longer odontostyle in females, and. longer body, lateral guiding piecesand tail in males. From L. siddiqii the new species differs in having a shorter tail in relation to body length, shorter cardia withdifferent shape, shorter prerectum and longer rectum in female, different number of ventromedian supplements and shorterspicules in males. From L. baldus, it differs in having a longer body, greater a-value, longer odontostyle and odontophore andlonger tail in females. Laimydorus istvani sp. n. differs from the males of L. baldus by its longer body, greater c value and in thenumber of ventromedian supplements. The population of L. baldus from West Bengal agrees well with the original descriptionexcept for some variations in body, odontophore, prerectum and tail length. New data on male characters have been provided inthe present study. The specimens of Dorylaimus sp. come close to D. geraerti Baqri & Jana, 1986 except in some morphometricmeasurements including: b (4.2–5.1 vs. 4.3–4.7), odontophore length (33–54 μm vs. 40–43 μm, prerectum length in females(120–160 μm vs. 196–241 μm and tail length in females (247.5–294 μm vs. 249–406 μm). In males, the supplements (36 innumber) occur in a contiguous series (as is usually seen in the genus Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845), whereas in the typespecimens of D. geraerti 35–38 supplements are largely contiguous except for a set of 4–5 spaced supplements in the middle of the series, showing a resemblance with the genus Ischiodorylaimus Andrassy, 1969.


Two-dimensional GIS are extensively applied to mineral potential mapping on a regional scale. However, these systems are unable to represent underground geological information in three spatial dimensions. The objective of this article is to overcome this defect and to develop a prototype system to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze underground mineral resources on the local scale, based on spatial data mining methods and three-dimensional GIS. The presented approach is based on 3D geological model established by the three-dimensional geological modeling software, such as Micromine, and is characterized by three-dimensional visualization, data management, and functionality for mineral resources prospectivity and quantitative assessment integrating weights-of-evidence model and case-based reasoning. The resulting system enables geologists to more accurately analyze the prospectivity and reserves of unknown mineral resource on the local scale.


In order to prevent the occurrence of the short circuit between the identical phase-leg semiconductor switches, dead-time is injected in the pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage source multilevel inverters (MLIs). This paper proposes a mathematically formulated dead-time computation technique for neutral-point clamped multilevel inverters (NPC-MLIs) considering the turn ON/OFF timing and delay-time calculation of the phase-leg semiconductor switches. A Mimas-Spartan 6 FPGA device is employed to improve the adaptability of the system in the modern multilevel inverter topologies with enhanced performance such as high-frequency switching and lower power consumption. The experimental results are verified with a Mimas Spartan-6 Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, which validates that compared to the earlier-reported works, the proposed technique is the most apposite one to be integrated with the latest development of multilevel inverter topologies with enhanced performance such as lower power consumption and high-frequency switching.


What IS the meaning of race'' Numerous scholars in the social sciences (e g, Omi & Wmant, 1994), humanities (e g, Appiah, 1992. Gates. 1985, Goldberg, 1990). and law (e g , Haney Lopez, 1994) treat raaal meaning as absolutely central to their scholarship Most do not view race essentialistically—as objective, stable, and natural Instead, these scholars are beginning to recognize race as soaally constructed—as contested, unstable and inextricably bound by sociohistorical context Although biologists and social scientists take vastly different approaches to understanding the world, these scholars are coming to agree that a simple and essentialist notion of race is no longer tenable Not only are the biological correlates of race less clear-cut than previously imagined (Lewontm. Rose. & Kanun. 1984). but category boundaries (between white and black, for instance) are ambiguous and shift with the social context (Davis, 1991. Omi & Wmant. 1994) There is no obvious and straightforward technique to employ in distinguishing different racial groupings Whether to treat race as essential or socially constructed has not been of great concern in psychology In fact, psychologists, unlike scholars across a number of other disciplines, generally accept race as a commonsense category Even social psychologists, who explicitly examine racial stereotyping, rarely question how racial categories get constructed or how membership is negotiated Although the exploration of the essential or socially constructed nature of racial categones has not been a primary focus jsearch m psychology, cognitive soaal. and developmental psychologists have a great deal to offer this field of inquiry Surpnsingly. one of the few researchers to bnng psychological pnnciples to bear on the meaning of race is an anthropologist. Tence Hirschfeld He has developed an innovative research ;ram that promises to examine race as both a product of mind and a product of social power In his most recent book. Race in the Making Cognition, Culture, and the Child's Construction of Human Kinds, Hirschfeld explores the role of human cognition in racial categorization He asserts that people have a natural propensity to form human-kind categones Adults possess (and :hildren quickly develop) naive theories about the way society IS structured This "folk sociology" employs essentialist principles .o identify variation between social groups Hirschfeld argues :hat race is central to this folk sociology across a wide range of cultures because race is easy to process cognitively and is socially meaningful In the first part of this article, we review psychological irch on category construction and function and address the implications as apphed to racial categorization In the second part of this arucle, we review Race in the Making and establish Its significance for psychology


The authors present preliminary measurements of branching fractions of the b {yields} s{bar s}s penguin-dominated decays B{sup {+-}} {yields} {phi}K{sup {+-}} and B{sup 0} {yields} {phi}K{sup 0} in a sample of approximately 89 million B{bar B} pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B-meson Factor at SLAC. They determine {Beta}(B{sup {+-}} {yields} {phi}K{sup {+-}}) = (10.0{sub -0.8}{sup +0.9}(stat.) {+-} 0.5(syst.)) x 10{sup -6} and {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {phi}K{sup 0}) = (7.6{sub -1.2}{sup +1.3}(stat.) {+-} 0.5(syst.)) x 10{sup -6}. Additionally, they measure the charge asymmetry {Alpha}{sub CP}(B{sup {+-}} {yields} {phi}K{sup {+-}}) = 0.039 {+-} 0.086(stat.) {+-} 0.011(syst.) and set an upper limit on the CKM- and color-suppressed decay B{sup {+-}} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup {+-}}, {Beta}(B{sup {+-}} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup {+-}}) < 0.41 x 10{sup -6} (90% CL).


This study makes use of energy dissipation to identify damping from mechanical vibration systems. Both the viscous damping and dry friction are assumed to coexist in vibration systems. By balancing the energy loss as registered in the force-displacement relationship of the real system against that of a theoretical model, consisting of viscous damping and dry friction components, the identification algorithms are developed and the equivalent viscous-damping and dry-friction parameters are estimated. We apply the estimation equations to both numerical and experimental systems to show the effectiveness and reliability of the new identification method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


There is elation in the Congress camp following the assembly elections that belie the need for urgent introspection within and without. The Congress is yet to begin adjusting to the realities of a multipolar polity in which their leader does not naturally gravitate to power. In an as yet evolving, amorphous situation, the Congress's role may yet be a critical one.


In this paper, we address the problem of specifying and generating preferred plans using rich, qualitative user preferences. We propose a logical language for specifying non-Markovian preferences over the evolution of states and actions associated with a plan. We provide a semantics for our firstorder preference language in the situation calculus and prove that progression of our preference formulae preserves this semantics. This leads to the development of PPLAN, a bounded best-first search planner that computes preferred plans. Our preference language and planning approach is amenable to integration with several existing planners, and beyond planning, can be used to support arbitrary dynamical reasoning tasks.


A key task in analyzing social networks and other complex networks is role analysis: describing and categorizing nodes by how they interact with other nodes. Two nodes have the same role if they interact with equivalent sets of neighbors. The most fundamental role equivalence is automorphic equivalence. Unfortunately, the fastest algorithm known for graph automorphism is nonpolynomial. Moreover, since exact equivalence is rare, a more meaningful task is measuring the role similarity between any two nodes. This task is closely related to the link-based similarity problem that SimRank addresses. However, SimRank and other existing simliarity measures are not sufficient because they do not guarantee to recognize automorphically or structurally equivalent nodes. This paper makes two contributions. First, we present and justify several axiomatic properties necessary for a role similarity measure or metric. Second, we present RoleSim, a role similarity metric which satisfies these axioms and which can be computed with a simple iterative algorithm. We rigorously prove that RoleSim satisfies all the axiomatic properties and demonstrate its superior interpretative power on both synthetic and real datasets.


Think! Midwives do it all the time and yet, are they aware of how and why? More importantly how do they arrive at the decisions and judgements they make? Who benefits from these decisions, the midwife, the woman they are caring for or their colleagues? In this age of reflective practice and living, conscious awareness of how and why should form the foundation for all care that touches the lives of others. This article considers only a small fragment of all that is absorbed, both consciously and unconsciously and covers a broad subject area; purposely, not concentrating on any one. It seeks to awaken the inquisitive nature that is an integral part of human nature, touching on psychology, cognitive processes and philosophy. The purpose is to heighten the professionals' awareness, giving insight and illuminating the thinking process without which midwives are non existent.


A 15-year follow-up of 140 patients who had transient cerebral ischemic attacks and were first seen at the Mayo Clinic for this complaint in 1950 through 1954 is reported. There was no significant difference in mortality related to sex or location of residence. Patients hypertensive at onset of symptoms had no significant increase in mortality compared to normotensive patients but the survival trend favored normotensive patients. Probability of surviving 15 years was significantly less than expected for patients less than 65 years old. Patients who were 65 or older at their first attack had a survival similar to that of the standard population. The difference between the expected and observed 15-year survivals for patients with primarily motor symptoms was about the same as that difference for patients with primarily sensory symptoms. Information concerning stroke occurrence was incomplete but 37% of local residents are known to have had a stroke, a higher rate than expected. Among patients who died during this study, 50% died of a cardiac cause and 36% died of a stroke.


During the Anti-Japanese War Period the Kuomintang(KMT) carried out a new county system.Its theoretical foundation was Sun Zhongshan's "Country Autonomy" doctrine.Its main content was to mix Bao-jia and local autonomy together,pefect grassroots organization,promote local autonomy by strong and powerful Bao-jiacells.The practice of this system not only consolidated basic political powr,strengthened the KMT's rule in the basic level and countryside to a certain extent,but also contributed to centralization of manpower,material and financial resources,perseverance of the Anti-Japanese War,and had a certain positive effect.


This study aimed to assess the association between home environment and larval indices during the COVID-19 pandemic transition. A cross-sectional design was carried out in this study. The population was the houses in two villages of Gamping Sub-District, Sleman, Yogyakarta Province. The sample was calculated by considering the confidence interval value of 95%, the margin error of 5%, and the distribution response of 50%. Accordingly, the minimum sample size was 207 households. The chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The home environment was associated with the value of the container index (CI), indicated by a significant difference p-value of 0.008 with a prevalence ratio of 3.630, which means an unhealthy house will increase the value of the container index by 3.630 times greater. Sanitation of the home environment showed a significant relationship with the value of the container index (CI) with a p-value of 0.019 and a prevalence ratio of 2.625, which means that poor sanitation conditions will increase the value of the container index by 2.625 times. The health of the home environment is associated with the mosquito larvae index.


tries, most of which are in Western Europe [2]. Half of these countries, including Canada, Israel, and Japan, reported their first cases of BSE during 2001-2003. In the United States, BSE was identified for the first time in 2003 in a cow imported into Washington state from Canada, where 3 additional BSE cases were reported in native cattle, 2 of them in January 2005 [1, 3]. In June 2005, BSE was reported in a cow born and raised in Texas. Strong epidemiologic and laboratory evidence supported a causal link between BSE and variant CJD cases that were recognized initially in the United Kingdom but were later also reported in other coun-


Electrical exploration has become an important means of shale gas reservoir exploration and evaluation, and is expected to play a key role in the later stages of reservoir fracturing and development. At present, the research on the electrical response characteristics of shale gas reservoirs and their relationship with reservoir parameters is extensive and in-depth, but there is little research on their complex resistivity anisotropy characteristics and influencing factors, which restricts petrophysical modeling and reservoir parameter prediction, and reduces the reliability of shale gas exploration and reservoir evaluation by electromagnetic methods. In this paper, shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation and the Wufeng Formation of shale gas wells in southern Sichuan were collected, the complex resistivity of 34 shales in bedding direction and vertical bedding direction were measured, and the induced polarization (IP) parameters of shales were extracted by inversion. The electrical anisotropy response characteristics under different temperature and pressure conditions were analyzed, and the influencing factors and laws of complex resistivity anisotropy of shales were revealed. Combined with the test results of shale porosity and permeability, the evaluation model of resistivity, polarizability and porosity and permeability parameters was established. The research results have formed a set of testing methods and analysis techniques for electrical anisotropy of shale reservoirs, which are mainly based on complex resistivity parameter testing. It is helpful to understand the electrical anisotropy characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in southern Sichuan; this will provide the theoretical and physical basis for shale gas reservoir evaluation and fracturing monitoring by electrical exploration.


The current control problem of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives is a challenging problem which has to deal with quadratic and linear constraints and tight time constraint. The goal of this paper is to provide a controller synthesis method that can deal with these challenges effectively by developing an explicit predictive current control of PMSM drives. The objective is to adjust the stator voltages in order to obtain fast and monotonic transient current response while fulfilling the physical and computational constraints at all times. To this end, using a nonlinear model of the electrical subsystem of the PMSM in the rotor reference frame, an explicit one-step ahead model predictive controller (MPC) based on control Lyapunov functions is developed. A polytopic approximation of the states and control inputs is used in order to reduce the computational complexity. Then, the resulting MPC problem is reduced to a linear program. Furthermore, a piecewise affine explicit controller is obtained via multi-parametric linear programming. Comparative simulation results with the classical PI approach are reported showing significant improvement.


Although China has a profound history of health culture, the development of health tourism started late. At present, there are few kinds of eco-health tourism products, and the quality is not high. Under the background of "Internet Plus," based on IPA model, this study focuses on the development of eco-health tourism products and studies the tourists' satisfaction with health tourism products from the perspective of tourists. According to the changing characteristics of tourism consumption market demand, the core of eco-tourism product upgrading is to develop ecology and show characteristics as the direction of eco-tourism product design. Coordinate the development of tourism resources with the restoration and construction of ecological environment and eco-tourism activities. Taking the optimization of the eco-tourism product system as the overall goal, the eco-tourism product system is optimized and designed in an all-round way by using theme diversification and spatial level diversification. And combine the essence of Chinese traditional health culture with modern science and technology culture and develop health tourism from the perspective of combination of tradition and modernity. It is conducive to promote the better development of ecological health tourism in China.


A 8-week feeding trail was simultaneously conducted in two sets of recirculating rearing systems to compare the growth and protein requirement of GIFT Nile tilapia juveniles in fresh water and sea water at (27±1)℃, respectively. The juveniles were fed six purified diets containing crude protein (casein) from 19.80% to 40.50%. The results showed that tilapia fed at satiation had a good growth and survival rates of 100% and 87% in both fresh water and sea water, respectively. There were almost linear increases in final body weight and daily body weight increment with the increase in dietary protein contents,while there was decrease in protein efficiency ratio. At the same crude protein level, however, there were no significant differences in growth, survival and protein efficiency ratio in fresh water and sea water. It is recommended that the optimal dietary protein contents be 28%~32% in either freshwater or seawater.


Numerous fuzzy pattern mining methods have been proposed to address the uncertainty and incompleteness of quantitative data. Traditional fuzzy pattern mining methods generally have to transform the original quantitative values into either crystal items or fuzzy regions first, which is hard to apply without comprehensive domain knowledge. In addition, existing numerical pattern mining methods generally suffer high computational cost. Inspired by the above problems, we put forward an efficient maximal approximate numerical frequent pattern mining (MANFPM) method without fuzzy item or region specification. Experimental results have validated its scalability and effectiveness for application in emitter entity resolution.


This paper gives an analysis of the influence of solid matter consumption on the critical diameters for the ignition and extinction of a single particle of solid fuel. The Thomas theory of ignition with reactant consumption for the pre-mixed system was adopted for obtaining the formula for the critical diameters of ignition and extinction. The calculations made for the coal particle show that consumption deflects the critical diameter of extinction about two times stronger than that for ignition


A 71-year-old male presented with suspected gastric cancer during screening. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a slightly decolored flat lesion (diameter: 5 mm) on the duodenal bulb (Fig. 1a). On magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI), meandering microvessels were visualized (Fig. 1b). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The global development of information and communication technology (ICT) has created a new agricultural development paradigm that promises to transform the performance of the agricultural sector and improve rural livelihoods in most developing countries. The diffusion and adoption of the modern technologies which started in industrialized countries has now spread to developing countries. Today, technological advancement in agriculture is evidenced in both developed and developing ABSTRACT


BACKGROUND
Chemical insecticides are an important tool to control damaging pest infestations. However, lack of species specificity, the rise of resistance and the demand for biological alternatives with improved ecotoxicity profiles means that chemicals with new mode-of-actions are required. RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a species-specific bio-insecticide offer an exquisite solution that addresses these issues. Many species, such as the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, do not exhibit RNAi when dsRNA is orally administered, due to degradation by gut nucleases and slow cellular uptake pathways. Thus, delivery vehicles that protect and deliver dsRNA are highly desirable.

RESULTS
In this work, we demonstrate the complexation of D. suzukii-specific dsRNA for degradation of vha26 mRNA with bespoke diblock copolymers. We study the ex vivo protection of dsRNA against enzymatic degradation by gut enzymes, which demonstrates the efficiency of this system. Flow cytometry then investigates the cellular uptake of Cy3-labelled dsRNA, showing a 10 fold increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of cells treated with polyplexes. The polymer/dsRNA polyplexes induced a significant 87% decrease in the odds of survival of D. suzukii larvae following oral feeding, only when formed with a diblock copolymer containing a long neutral block length (1:2 cationic block/neutral block). However, there was no toxicity when fed to the closely related D. melanogaster.

CONCLUSION
Thus, we provide evidence that dsRNA complexation with diblock copolymers is a promising strategy for RNAi-based species-specific pest control, however, optimisation of polymer composition is essential for RNAi success. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Reinforced soils technology is one of the most important ways to improve the weak soil due to its ease in application and provide costs. Reinforced soil technique is one of the sustainability applications. And through the improvement and exploitation of abundant natural resources, local river sand is considered as the most sustainable materials that could be used as a subgrade layer for the construction of roads. The layers underneath the roads paved or unpaved are evaluated using geogrid as reinforcement to improve subgrade. Two types of geogrid: Iranian geogrid and British geogrid (Nelton CE121) using wheel track apparatus to apply repeated load.


Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent dementia in clinical nursing practice. This pathology is characterized by the presence of amielóides plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and the brain and general decrease in the number of neurons. Objective: to list the national literature output by Brazilian nurses regarding the care to elderly patients with Alzheimer disease, in the period spanning from 2000 to 2011. Method: integrative literature review, according to Cooper's premises. The following descriptors were used: elderly, refine with the descriptor "Alzheimer disease". The search was limited to the period between the years 2000 and 2011. The included articles were Brazilian scientific publications, indexed on the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Database, Nursing Database and the International Health Sciences Literature of which the abstract was available online and in Portuguese. Conclusion: it is observed that most publications refer to care givers and their health, which implies a need for further studies that aim at creating a care plan for the elderly with Alzheimer.


Photograph of Doris Stiles Williams in the kitchen with her mother-in-law, Irene Williams. Doris is standing at the oven with her back to the camera and is looking down at a pot that is sitting in front of her. She is wearing a sleeveless, paisley print shirt and shorts. Irene is standing to her left at the sink and is cleaning metal grates. There are some grates in the sink and there are more on a drying rack next to the sink. The kitchen has dark-colored cabinets with white tile countertops and a matching backsplash. There is a Vent-a-Hood over the oven and there is a window over the sink.


The development and implementation tools of management decisions, ensuring territorial authorities means of evaluation and development mechanisms for the most problem spheres of municipal formation functioning are presented in this work. In order to build the analytical component of the territorial planning development it was suggested the analysis methodic of a certain type cities content characteristics and comparative characteristics of their socio-economic status Раздел I. Гуманитарные технологии 121 parameters. The methodic use gives a possibility to identify prerequisites and priority areas for implementing new management tools of territorial development, such as mechanisms of publicprivate partnerships.


Recently a new concept of shadow prices, called average shadow price, has been developed. This paper provides a dual problem and the corresponding duality theorems justifying this new shadow price. The general duality framework is used. As an important secondary result, a new reduced class of price function, the pp. h.-class, has been developed for the general duality theory. This should be distinguished from other known reductions achieved in some specific areas of mathematical programming, in that it sustains the strong duality property in all the mathematical programs. The new general dual problem suggested with this pp. h.-class provides, as an optimal solution, the average shadow prices.


Aboriginal Australians transitioning from the criminal justice system to the community have multiple, long standing health issues, and are at high risk of illness and injury in the 12 months post release. Whilst their need for social support and health interventions is high, Aboriginal people re-entering the community from prison are likely to face many barriers in accessing the essential services required to settle back into community life. This has serious consequences, particularly with respect to health. A lack of support for prisoners during transition has also been shown to increase the likelihood of reoffending. This systematic literature review examined the physical, mental health and social support needs of Aboriginal people released from custody and the impact of pre and post release programs on Aboriginal people's access to primary health care once released from custody, as well as the barriers to accessing these programs.


To analyze the current situation of teaching method for master candidate majored in integrated Tradition and Western infectious disease. Practice and thinking were discussed including how to prepare and practice the academic forum, what was the announcements, how to comprehend. It was proved that as an platform, holding academic forum can stimulate learning activeness notably, cultivate research interesting, and then promote teachinh quality.


According to N.P Perfilyeva phenomena indicating permanent influence of punctuation on the primary system of communication (i.e. the language) occur in educated people's discourse. The thematic group "punctuation marks" including such lexical units as "comma", "quotation marks", "brackets", etc. is still under-explored. The multiple aspect study of punctuation as the secondary system of communication started only at the end of the 20th century. All punctuation marks are traditionally divided in microgroups according to their place in the sentence: 1) mid-sentence marks, 2) sentence end marks. The subject analyzed in this article is systematic relations between the lexical units "period", "ellipsis", "exclamation mark", "interrogation mark", i.e. naming units designating sentence end marks. The volume of the microgroup "sentence end marks" is significant and makes up 43% of the whole selection (words included into the thematic group "punctuation marks"). Our opinion is that oppositional relations between punctuation marks as well as between elements of the lexical system are possible. They can include synonymy, formal and semantic variation (polysemy), etc. The words included into this thematic group can be used in terminological and non-terminological meanings. Terminological meanings occur in scientific and educational texts. Our research covers lexical units used mainly in journalistic and literary texts from the conversational discourse used in non-terminological meanings. Lexical units designating "sentence end marks" are used in non-terminological meaning with different frequency: period and ellipsis are used more often; exclamation mark and interrogation mark are used less often. The words "period" and "ellipsis" are used regularly a) as independent words, b) as a part of antonymous phraseological units "put a period" "put an ellipsis". Nuclear semes of nominations "period" and "ellipsis" are contrast: 'completeness' 'non-completeness'. The nuclear seme of the interrogation mark is 'question', and semes 'uncertainty' and 'doubt' are peripheral. The semes 'brightness' 'righteousness', 'accent' are typical for the exclamation mark. The last two semes are often contextual. Lexical units mentioned in the article and indicating a fully formed notion of a written text, its means of presentation and creative ability of functioning as a stylistic device in the metalinguistic perception of the speaker occur in the discourse of modern language speakers.


the enormous labors of prosecuting a vast and complex wan And despite the fact that a Democrat, James K. Polk,became president in 1844,it was the Whig from Virginia who orchestrated the victory of the Mexican Wan Still, according to Peskin, Polk's animosity precluded Scott the honors he deserved as a result of his conduct in the war,and later,unfortunately for Scott, it would be Zachary Taylor who benefited from the victory and who went on to become president. Scott nonetheless garnered enough support from the Whigs in 1852 to secure the nomination for president,but he lost to Franklin Pierce. When the Civil War broke out, " Old Fuss and


The invention relates to an acrylate adhesive for a spot welding process and belongs to the technical field of a double-component acrylate structural adhesive, and is mainly used for solving the problems that the existing acrylate adhesive is extremely easy to ignite and burn when in spot welding. The acrylate adhesive is characterized by mainly comprising a main agent component and a solidifyingagent component, wherein (1) the main agent component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 42%-85% of acrylate monomer containing at least one vinyl group, 0%-12% of methacrylic acid, 0%-30% of elastomer, 0.01%-1% of stabilizing agent, 0%-30% of toughening resin, 0%-20% of fire retardant and 0.5%-8% of peroxide; (2) the solidifying agent component comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 40%-90% of acrylate monomer containing at least one vinyl group, 0%-23% of elastomer, 0%-20% of methacrylic acid, 1%-10% of accelerating agent, 0%-30% of toughening resin and 0%-20% of fire retardant; and (3) at least one component in the main agent and the solidifying agent contains 10%-30% of elastomer. The acrylate adhesive disclosed by the invention has the characteristic that the adhesive can be used for the spot welding process and can be widely applied to the fields of machinery manufacturing and maintenance.


Editor's note: NEHA strives to provide up to-date and relevant information on en vironmental health and to build partner ships in the profession. In pursuit of these goals, we will feature a column from the Environmental Health Services Branch (EHSB) of the Centers for Disease Con trol and Prevention (CDC) in every issue of the Journal. EHSB's objective is to strengthen the role of state, local, and national environ mental health programs and profession als to anticipate, identify, and respond to adverse environmental exposures and the consequences of these exposures for hu man health. The services being developed through EHSB include access to topical, relevant, and scientific information; con sultation; and assistance to environmen tal health specialists, sanitarians, and environmental health professionals and practitioners. EHSB appreciates NEHA's invitation to provide monthly columns for the Journal. In the coming months, EHSB staff will be highlighting a variety of concerns, oppor tunities, challenges, and successes that we all share in environmental public health. This month's column provides an over view of the Healthy Housing Reference Manual. I n 1976, the Center for Disease Control (now known as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]) pub lished the manual Basic Housing Inspection. Since its publication, this manual has been used by public health and housing profes sionals as a guide for state and local housing codes and inspection of housing units. An updated, revised, and expanded manual, now titled Healthy Housing Reference Manual, will be released in mid-2006. CDC, in collabora tion with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), designed the new manual for field use by public health and housing professionals. Thirteen chap ters contain annotated references and a list of sources for additional information. They focus on • housing history and purpose; • housing regulations; • disease vectors and pests found in and around housing; • indoor air pollution and toxic materials; • housing structure; • environmental barriers; • rural water supplies and water quality issues; • plumbing; • onsite wastewater treatment; • electricity; • heating, air conditioning, and ventilation; • energy efficiency; and • residential swimming pools and spas. The Healthy Housing Reference Manual is the only manual that addresses health issues relat ed to housing construction, and new chapters make it more comprehensive. For example, the chapter on rural water supplies and onsite wastewater treatment is new, as is the chapter on residential swimming pools and spas. Since publication of the original manual, much has been learned about how specific housing conditions are related to disease and injury. The new manual provides a compre hensive guide on housing systems and con struction and on the ways they affect the health of the occupants. The Healthy Housing Reference Manual includes current research findings and best-practice information and is unique in its focus on public health is sues related to the housing environment. The manual covers the various aspects of environ mental public health and directly addresses CDC's mandate to provide and deliver envi ronmental public health services that help ensure the health and safety of all Americans. The 2006 edition of the Healthy Housing Ref erence Manual will give public health and housing professionals the tools necessary to ensure that housing is safe and healthful, es pecially for children and the elderly, who are particularly vulnerable to the adverse health effects of substandard housing. The manual provides clear, current infor mation on housing construction and main tenance and on the effects of housing con struction and maintenance on people's health and safety. It includes current information on specific health and safety hazards, as well as information on how to identify and remedy those hazards. Field personnel can use the manual to assess, identify, and remedy hous ing construction and maintenance deficien cies that may lead to adverse health effects.


Hara-kiri is a form of suicide originated in the Japanese medieveal culture. It is rather unusual in the current Japan and
exceptional in the western civilization, and is typically associated to schizophrenia. The study presents a suicide case by hara-kiri that
took place in Uruguay, as well as update on this issue. The case consists of male adult with no particular connection with the
Japanese culture, who had a history of a previous suicide attempt with the same method. Analysis of the findings in the death scene,
the judicial and psychological autopsies enabled experts to determine the medical-legal etiology and to learn about the mental
condition of the victim upon the consummation of the suicidal act. In spite of this method grounded on a Samurai Japanese ritual
being rather unusual, it still puzzles forensics in the western world.


New methods of determining the steepest descent reaction path in dynamical calculations based on the reaction path Hamiltonian are investigated. These methods use first and second energy derivatives and are correct to third order in the Taylor series expansion of the path in the arc length. The reaction H+H2O→H2+OH using small basis set three electron‐three active orbital CASSCF wave functions with first and second analytically calculated energy derivatives is used as a test platform. Reaction paths using a number of different step sizes are computed and their accuracy determined by evaluating the deviations of the computed path curvature from the exact curvature and the RMS deviation of the computed transverse frequencies from the exact values, criteria more sensitive and more relevant to dynamical studies than are geometrical parameters. The new methods are compared to one another in computational efficiency and accuracy. For this example reaction and level of theory it is found that, in addition to bei...


The biochemical composition of some of the feeds used in aquaculture is reported. Four grower feeds and 19 other locally available feeds were used for the study. Moisture content varied from 6.3-12.4%; and protein content from 22.4 to 46.9% and mineral content varied from 5.3 to 24.2%. Some of the feeds wee found to be very low in fat content (1%). Variations in the proportions of the amino acids in the grower feeds were to a limited extent only. But fatty acid analysis showed great variation among the grower feeds. C1SJ) was not detected in two of the samples. Detectable amount of Cjg.3 was not present in any of the samples analyzed. The level of was very low in one of the samples and the same feed was with low level of (1.7%). The study points out the need for formulating the fish feed on the basis of the nutritional requirements of fish.


Hakka language is one variety of Chinese language in the Sino-Tibetan family. Hakka speakers themselves have many sub-dialects which mean they come from several areas in China such as Guangdong, Southern Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan provinces. In Thailand, the Hakka descendants are scattered throughout every province. However, there are only few older Hakka speakers who can speak Hakka language well. How do they preserve language and culture before the end of 21st century? The purpose of this paper is to present a new domain of Hakka revitalization via Hakka online community. This website was created just over three years ago by the webmaster who would like to preserve his ancestor language and culture. Although he cannot speak Hakka well, he wants Hakka speakers who who are fluent in the language to use this website to communicate or transfer Hakka language to the next generation using Thai language. So far, this website is quite well known among Hakka descendants who are interested in Hakka language and culture. There are some new members joining the website every day. They exchange opinions and knowledge on many aspects of Hakka language and culture. It seems that they live in a community although they stay in their homes scattered in many parts of the world. The most important thing is that there are members in every age group. This phenomenon reflects the positive way and hope for preserving Hakka ethnicity because the Hakka speakers themselves have realized the need for language and culture revitalization.
Keywords: Hakka, online community, language revitalization, sociolinguistics, Hakka in Thailand


ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the determinants of environmental strategy. The authors analyze the key factors that lead the firm to implement a particular environmental behavior that translates into a specific environmental strategy. The factors considered are firm size, management's attitude toward the environment, and the perceived importance of the stakeholders in influencing the firm's environmental practices. The study focuses on the Spanish automotive sector. Using a typology of environmental strategies commonly used in the literature, the firms are classified into four groups: reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive. The relations between these strategies and the determinant factors are analyzed. The analysis also considers the different components of the value chain in the automotive sector. The results show a positive relation between the level of development of the firm's environmental strategy and the factors analyzed. The factors characterizing a proactive compared to a reactive environmental strategy are larger firm size, managers more committed to the environment, and greater perceived importance of the stakeholders in influencing the firm's environmental practices. This evidence reveals the key factors that encourage firms to adopt a particular environmental strategy in this sector. Finally, concern for the environment has spread throughout the entire value chain, affecting the environmental strategy of both suppliers and car manufacturers.


Work being undertaken by a group of Australian and US-based researchers will assist utilities in preparing for extreme weather-related events.


Purpose: The study sought to investigate Knowledge, attitudes and practices of tailors towards the business of Covid masks and protective gears in Ghana. A critical Literature review.
Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study findings demonstrate a high level of awareness of COVID-19 among the tailors and general civilians who frequently updated themselves on the pandemic through several information channels. The pandemic disease, was broadcasted daily through all media, including social media and mainstream media (such as public television channels and radio). The study showed that the tailors also had heard about the need for more masks primarily through national TV channels which represented the primary source of information for remote communities in particular, and social media. Since the outbreak, many tailors have taken the opportunity to make custom-made masks.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The results suggest an urgent need for health education programs to hold optimistic attitudes and rebuilding of trust of the general public in health facilities in local hospitals to avoid the possible next wave of COVID-19. The study also recommends that the government together with international donors should support local tailors by giving them funds to buy material they can use to make more protective gears.


Current deep convolutional networks are fixed in their topology. We explore the possibilites of making the convolutional topology a parameter itself by combining NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and propose such a system using blocks of Residual Networks (ResNets). We then explain how our suggested system can only be built once additional optimizations have been made, as genetic algorithms are way more demanding than training per backpropagation. On the way there we explain most of those buzzwords and offer a gentle and brief introduction to the most important modern areas of machine learning.


High resolution hyper-Raman spectroscopy (HRS) of single crystals of the relaxor PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 has been performed. The temperature dependence of the three F1u-symmetry polar modes is investigated between 20 K and 800 K. The soft mode is clearly observed above 520 K (Fig. 1) [1]. It is splitted into a doublet up to the highest temperature investigated. The high frequency component (A1) appears to be underdamped even hundred of degrees below the Burns temperature Td  620 K in PMN. Its frequency nicely matches with previous high resolution neutron scattering experiments (Fig. 2) but is too high to explain the behaviour of the dielectric constant of PMN. This is the reason why the search of a lower-frequency vibration was subject to numerous experimental studies, but still, a clear understanding of the soft mode dynamics of relaxors was lacking. This vibration, labelled E1 in Figure 1, is clearly observed in HRS. It is underdamped at high temperature and becomes overdamped near Td and below. Its frequency 0 as well as its "relaxational" frequency rel = 02/, (, full width at half maximum) extrapolate to zero at the Curie-Weiss temperature T0  400 K (Fig. 2). Moreover, the static dielectric constant calculated from the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation nicely mimics the behaviour of that obtains from dielectric measurements. These observations strongly suggest that this vibration corresponds to the "primary" soft mode of PMN. Similar observations have been made in others relaxor-type compounds, thus suggesting a universal behaviour of the low-frequency dynamics of cubic relaxors.


In our current world of increasingly common natural disasters, new technologies need to be developed to bolster our society's infrastructure during disaster-relief scenarios. Among these services, our communication networks currently serve to be particularly vulnerable, requiring both a constantly operational power grid and a fully functional network to connect residents. This paper aims to design two low cost, low maintenance wireless Free Space Optical Communications (FSOC) designs and connections that are able to function under most points of weather. The devices should sustain a high uptime, have a low Bit Error Rate (BER), and use inexpensive materials and devices to maintain their connection. This system was developed to help reduce this vulnerability of communication infrastructure during disaster relief scenarios. In this paper, we will test two devices' ability to collect data under different weather conditions. First, Arduino Unos sent information by flashing handheld laser diodes and received information by decoding light levels from an array of photodiodes. Second, each device was then upgraded by changing to Arduino Dues and redesigning the Printed Circuit Board, gear mechanism, and enclosure. A Machine Learning-based error correction system was then designed and implemented, using Manchester Encoding and a restricted character set to detect and automatically correct trivial errors. After sending the information to a connected computer, messages with erroneous characters were pushed through a Java-based Machine Learning algorithm to further reduce errors before being displayed. Testing has shown this system to be highly effective in correcting errors within messages that used words trained with the algorithm. With further development, this system aims to be rapidly deployed directly after natural disasters, providing emergency communications until the primary power grid and network infrastructure can be fully repaired.


The invention discloses an operating platform used for installation of a curved building external window. A platform frame comprises frameworks on the top, the bottom and the two sides. The frameworks on the two sides are bent in a forwards-protruding mode. A cross beam formed by a rectangular steel pipe is adopted in the framework on the top. Handrails are arranged on the frameworks on the two sides. Multiple layers of platform plate trimmers are sequentially arranged from the framework on the bottom of the platform frame upwards to the middle of the platform frame, and platform plates are arranged on the platform plate trimmers. Hooks and lifting rings are welded to the two ends of the cross beam respectively, each hook comprises a hook body and two limiting stop levers arranged below the hook body, and the distance between the two corresponding limiting stop levers is matched with the width of a cross stick of the curved building external window. Landing legs are arranged on the two sides of the framework on the bottom of the platform frame. The operating platform is hoisted through a crane, hooked, attached and fixed to the curved building structure, constructors and material tools are carried at the same time for high-altitude external widow glass installation and other work, the safety of operators can be guaranteed, and the working quality and engineering quality are greatly improved.


Antibiotic prophylaxis such as that with fluoroquinolone reportedly reduces infectious episodes in patients receiving chemotherapy regimens with the risk of febrile neutropenia. However, optimum patient characteristics, the timing of initiation, and antibiotics for prophylactic treatments have yet to be identified. We herein conducted a single-arm monocenter clinical study to elucidate the therapeutic profiles of fluoroquinolone garenoxacin prophylaxis for patients with hematological malignancies (HMs). Fever was not present for the duration of chemotherapyinduced neutropenia in 29 (43.9%) out of 66 patients. A shorter duration of prophylaxis until chemotherapy-induced neutropenia had a more potent effect on delaying febrile episodes, even in patients with fever. Excessive neutropenia (minimum zero neutrophils/l) negatively affected prophylactic effects. Garenoxacin accounted for 4.5% of the minor adverse events observed such as mild renal damage and skin reactions. Therefore, the study suggests that the initiation of garenoxacin prophylaxis from the introduction of neutropenia could be an effectual strategy for preventing chemotherapy-induced febrile episodes in HM patients with moderate neutropenia.


Arriving in 1987 the twentieth anniversary of the Agreement between Mexico and UNESCO, to establish the "Latin American Regional Centre for conservation of cultural heritage, it is interesting to observe the development of this training activity in our country, particularly its significance in the American and international level.


Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interferometry has been successfully performed for the first time at 0.3 numerical aperture (NA). Extensive EUV "at-wavelength" testing including alignment, was performed on a newly created Micro Exposure Tool (MET) optic designed for sub-50-nm EUV lithographic imaging experiments. The two-mirror, 0.3 NA MET is among the highest resolution light-projection lithography tools ever made. Using both lateral shearing and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry, the wavefront was measured across the field of view, and the alignment was optimized in preparation for imaging. The wavefront quality reached 0.55nm RMS (λEUV∕24.5) in a 37-term annular Zernike polynomial series, dominated by higher-order spherical aberration. Measurements included calibrations of the interferometer accuracy, assessment of repeatability, and cross-comparisons of visible and EUV interferometric measurements.


Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.


From the introduction:
The question of how aesthetic practices create economic value is a question of the way in which specific artistic and critical practices feed into a capitalistic order of production. In this paper I draw attention to this question within the practice of Critical Design. I study a 4-week design brief that took place at the Royal College of Art in London 2009. More generally, I account for the inclusion of artistic tools in the process of invention as a response to a capitalistic logic of order, where economic value are dependent on the valorisation of affective labour and provocative means of invention. This exploration aims to contribute to a temporal-ontological approach to innovation following the definition by Sanford Kwinter saying that: '… no novelty appears without becoming and no becoming without novelty' (Kwinter 2001 p. 5). From my participation in the brief I consider a specific artistic intervention called the Berlin Street experiment and the way in which the experience of that event co-constitute the experimental setting.


Hollow soft nanoparticles are known to be highly perspective containers with high absorption capacity of various substances. In particular, this feature can be applied in terms of solvents separation on...


Direct decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 is an ideal technology for NOx removal. Catalyst deactivation by sulfur poisoning is the major obstacle for practical application. This paper focuses on strengthening the SO2 resistance of metal-exchanged HZSM-5 catalysts, by investigating the metals, promoters, preparation methods, metal-to-promoter molar ratios, Si/Al ratios and metal loadings. The results show that in the presence of SO2 (500 ppm), Fe is the best compared with Co, Ni and Cu. Cs, Ba and K modification enhanced the low-temperature activity of the Fe-HZSM-5 catalyst for NO decomposition, which can be further improved by increasing the exchanged-solution concentration and Fe/Cs molar ratio or decreasing the Si/Al molar ratio. Interestingly, Cs-doped Fe-HZSM-5 exhibited a high NO conversion and low NO2 selectivity but a high SO2 conversion within 10 h of continuous operation. This indicates that Cs-Fe-HZSM-5 has a relatively high SO2 resistance. Combining the characterization results, including N2 physisorption, XRD, ICP, XRF, UV–Vis, XPS, NO/SO2-TPD, H2-TPR and HAADF-STEM, SO42− was found to be the major sulfur species deposited on the catalyst's surface. Cs doping inhibited the SO2 adsorption on Fe-HZSM-5, enhanced the Fe dispersion and increased the isolated Fe and Fe-O-Fe species. These findings could be the primary reasons for the high activity and SO2 resistance of Cs-Fe-HZSM-5.


We report a unique case of a salivary gland type of "hybrid carcinoma" arising within a Bartholin's gland adenoma. The tumor was characterized by large areas of an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma similar to that of the salivary gland with a peripheral infiltrative pattern of an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).


In this paper, blind channel estimation is considered for Code-Division Multiple-Access systems employing randomized spreading codes with periods longer than a symbol duration. The motivation for such a study is both current commercial as well as proposed military wireless systems, where such signature sequences are under consideration. This kind of spreading presents particular challenges that render impossible the use of existing techniques based on short signature waveforms. The proposed blind channel estimation method is based on the second order statistics of the received signal, in addition, the algorithm exploits knowledge of the desired spreading code and its properties. The new method uses the Toeplitz structure of the autocorrelation matrix. A theoretical analysis of the mean squared error is provided and the resulting approximations are shown to be tight via simulation.


12 channel X 2.5 Gb/s WDM signal with unequal channel spacing allocation are successfully transmitted over 540 km of dispersion-shifted fiber through ten cascaded add/drop multiplexing (ADM) nodes consisting of arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG). This paper describes a WDM add/drop multiplexing/transmission experiment employing the cascaded ADM nodes over 540 km of dispersion-shifted fiber without intentional dispersion management. The frequency detuning tolerance of the lightwave sources in the network with the cascaded ADM nodes is also discussed.


In this paper, the petrological characteristics, diagnesis type and diagenetic-stage classification, and their impact on pore are studied for Shihezi 8 Member of Yanchang oil and gas region based on some data of thin section, casting thin section, SEM and X-refraction. Results show that: (1) this reservoir is mainly composed of lithic quartz sandstone with a higher composition maturity and a lower texture maturity; (2) diagenesis mainly include compaction, cementation and dissolution; (3) it is basically in late diagenetic stage B, partly in late diagenetic stage C; (4) the compaction from early diagenetic stage A to late diagenetic stage B and the metaomatic alteration in late diagenetic stage A are the two important factors which can make physical property poorer; (5) the packing and cementation are other factors; and (6) the cementation and dissolution around chlorite rim are the other factors which can make physical property better.


This paper reports a dual-band radio frequency (RF) high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) employing 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) technology for multi-band transmitter applications. The hybrid PA simultaneously covers 2-distinct telemetry bands, L (1.435–1.85 GHz) and C (5–5.15 GHz). The concurrent PA has a simulated large signal gain of 12.5 dB, saturated output power (Pout) of 35.5 dBm, and power added efficiency (PAE) of 65% at Upper L-band with greater than 50% efficiency through the entire L Band. Similarly, the PA achieves large signal gain of 13.7 dB, Pout of 36.7 dBm, and PAE of 61 % at C-band.


High-spatial-resolution land-surface temperature is required for several applications such as hydrological or climate studies. Global estimates of surface temperature are available from sensors observing in the infrared (IR), but without 'all-weather' observing capability. Passive microwave (MW) instruments can also be used to provide surface-temperature measurements but suffer from coarser spatial resolutions. To increase their resolution, a downscaling methodology applicable over different land environments and at any time of the day is proposed. The method uses a statistical relationship between clear sky-predicting variables and clear-sky temperatures to estimate temperature patterns that can be used in conjunction with coarse measurements to create high-resolution products. Different predicting variables are tested showing the need to use IR-derived information on vegetation, temperature diurnal evolution, and a temporal information. To build a true 'all-weather' methodology, the effect of clouds on surface temperatures is accounted for by correcting the clear-sky diurnal cycle amplitude, using cloud parameters from meteorological reanalysis. Testing the method on a coarse IR synthetic data at ∼25 km resolution yields a Root Mean Square Deviations (RMSD) between the ∼5 km high-resolution and downscaled temperatures smaller than 1 ∘C. When applied to observations by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) at ∼25 km resolution, the downscaling to ∼5 km yields a smaller RMSD compared to IR observations. These results demonstrate the relevance of the methodology to downscale MW land-surface temperature and its potential to spatially enhanced the current 'all-weather' satellite monitoring of surface temperatures.


Efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts are of particular interest due to their unique electronic structure and compositional variability. Herein, petroleum-coke-based N,O-doped porous graphene (PG) was prepared as a preferred alternative to metal catalysts for catalytic oxidative reaction. Such a high specific surface area and heteroatom-rich structure promote high exposure of active sites, regulating the electron delocalization of materials effectively. In addition, the synergistic effect between N-doped and oxygen-containing functional groups is beneficial for the catalytic performance. As such, when employing the active PG as catalyst for the catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS), aromatic sulfur-containing compounds would be oxidized effectively and the sulfur removal in real diesel reached 84%. This work develops a facile approach for preparing heteroatoms co-doped porous graphene for aerobic catalytic ODS as well as an effective design idea for high value-added utilization of petroleum coke.


Self-supervision, in which a target task is improved without external supervision, has primarily been explored in settings that assume the availability of additional data. However, in many cases, particularly in healthcare, one may not have access to additional data (labeled or otherwise). In such settings, we hypothesize that self-supervision based solely on the structure of the data at-hand can help. We explore a novel self-supervision framework for time-series data, in which multiple auxiliary tasks (e.g., forecasting) are included to improve overall performance on a sequence-level target task without additional training data. We call this approach limited self-supervision, as we limit ourselves to only the data at-hand. We demonstrate the utility of limited self-supervision on three sequence-level classification tasks, two pertaining to real clinical data and one using synthetic data. Within this framework, we introduce novel forms of self-supervision and demonstrate their utility in improving performance on the target task. Our results indicate that limited self-supervision leads to a consistent improvement over a supervised baseline, across a range of domains. In particular, for the task of identifying atrial fibrillation from small amounts of electrocardiogram data, we observe a nearly 13% improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCROC) relative to the baseline (AUC-ROC=0.55 vs. AUC-ROC=0.62). Limited self-supervision applied to sequential data can aid in learning intermediate representations, making it particularly applicable in settings where data collection is difficult.


Since 1990s,Russian economy has undergone a process from an all-round crisis to a gradually stable growth which is due to Putin's outstanding achievements.The international society,including Chinese and Russian scholars,evaluates and forecasts the changes in Russian economy and its future differently.From the changes in the fields of Russia's politics,economy and society since Putin was in power,we can see that the various shocks the Soviet collapse brought to Russia are gradually digested and there are more and more positive elements in economic development.Although there are many problems to be resolved,the changes in quality cannot be allowed to ingore.Russian economy is provided with the conditions for a stable development.It has a hopeful future.


The inverse scattering method is performed to the complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation with zero boundary condition by developing an appropriate Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). We solve the RHP when reflection coefficient has multiple higher-order poles, and display the formulae of bound-state (BS) solitons and multiple BS solitons which correspond to one higher-order pole and multiple higher-order poles, respectively. The patterns of the BS solitons are shown and the interactions between solitons and BS solitons are considered.


Minority government is as good as any alternative when its advantages and disadvantages are weighed up. Three years of minority government from 2010- 2013 showed that.


Given the universal approximation properties, simplicity as well its intrinsic analogy to the non-linear state space form, a recurrent Elman network is derived and applied for modelling non-linear plants. Learning is implemented on-line, based on input and output data and using a truncated backpropagation through time algorithm. Regarding its structural simplicity, previous knowledge based on a linear description of the plant to be modelled might be used for initialising the network weights. The main goal of this work is to emphasise the potential benefits of this architecture for real-time identification. Experimental results collected from a laboratory heating system, for several operating conditions, confirm the viability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


The systemic field surveys and large scope field investigations were carried out,Analysis on the relaying correlations of natural enemies with wheat aphids in term of population,time and spaces revealed that Coccinella septemspinosum Linnaeus was the most predominate sp ecie of natural enemy in Huaibei wheat region,and Propylaea japonica and bacon wasps were the second predominate natural enemies in wheat fields.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Lentinan and Astragalus polysaccharides on immunoregulation in mice.Methods:After oral administration of the two polysaccharides,immune effect of the two polysaccharides on the whole immunity was investigated through delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH),visceral organs index,NK cell activity(lactate dehydrogenase releasing method),lymphocyte proliferation capacity(MTT) and the level of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IFN-γ(ELISAs) of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide.Results:Cyclophosphamide-treated mice showed a significant decrease in DTH,NK cell activity and the serum level of cytokines(each was P0.05);Both Lentinan and Astragalus polysaccharides accelerated recovery of DTH(P0.05),as well as NK cell activity(P0.01) and restored the level of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,IFN-γ in the serum.Conclusion:Both Lentinan and Astragalus polysaccharides can significantly stimulate the immune function in mice with immunologic suppression;the immunological enhancement effect of Lentinan is obviously better than Astragalus polysaccharides.


The structures of the recently prepared 'saccharinic acid' nucleosides have been established by chemical and spectroscopic means. Reduction of 7-[3,5-dideoxy-2-C-methoxycarbonyl-β-L-erythro-(and threo-)pentofuranosyl]theophylline (1A and 1B) with sodium borohydride gave 7-[3,5-dideoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-β-L-erythro-(and threo-)pentofuranosyl]theophylline (2A and B). Selective tosylation of (2A and B) produced the 2′-tosyloxymethyl derivatives (3A and B). On heating in dioxan (3A) gave the cyclonucleoside (4A), indicating the erythro-structure of (2A) and consequently the threo-structure of (2B). The erythro-isomer showed significant growth inhibitory activity against KB cells, whereas the threo-hydroxymethyl derivative was inactive under the same conditions.


The study investigated antimicrobial potential of aqueous and methanolic plant extract (leaf and bark) of Aegicerascorniculatum L. (Myrsinaceae) found in the Bhitarkanika delta regions of Odisha State, India. Organic methanolic solvent extracts obtained from different tissues of these plants were investigated by disc diffusion method against six bacterial species Salmonellaparatyphi(MTCC 3220), salmonella typhi,(MTCC 733), Shigellaflexineri (MTCC1457), Valsa sp. (MTCC 82117), Micrococcus luteus (MTCC2470), staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 9011) and one fungal species Candida albicans ( MTCC854 ). Results suggested that both leaf and barkextracts showed antimicrobial activity against the above species. The methanollic extract of dead bark showed more inhibitory effect than living bark and leaf extracts against bacterial species (Shigellaflexineri), fungal species(Candida albicans)followed by staphylococcus aureus, micrococcusluteus,valsa sp., salmonella typhi, and salmonella paratyphi. The growth-inhibitory effect on Shigellaflexineriis more prominent than all other bacterial species (Salmonellaparatyphi, Salmonella typhi, Valsa sp., Micrococcusluteusand Staphylococcus aureus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were also determined from the methanolic extracts.The results suggested that the plantscould be exploited and utilised in the management of various infectious diseases and their tissue extracts might have important roles in pharmaceuticals and preservatives.


Chemistry educational journals are media vehicle of publicizing thoughts and culture,carriers of research findings preservations, places where education practice is exchanged and medium used for spreading education information. Therefore, chemistry educational journals have the characters as ideological,instructive,academic and practical.Based on characters of chemistry educational journals,its affective influence on teachers' professional development is analyzed in this paper .


The ecological filter represents a promising treatment technology, because this doesn't require the application of chemicals and is efficient. In it, is between living beings the relationship of the food chain. Initially an aqueous matrix was added to four drugs (diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen and paracetamol), and subsequently analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the removal of these compounds by ecological filter followed by granular activated carbon filter biologically active. The pharmacological compounds and parameters such as turbity, total and fecal coliforms, apparent color and true color were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of filters. There was removal of the drugs applied and the parameters measured. The percentages of removal were 97,43% of diclofenaco,85,03% of ibuprofen, 94,11% of naproxen and 84,07% of paracetamol.


The table below shows the num bers of ducks ringed by the Wildfowl Trust in 1980 at its various trapping stations. The total is about 1,000 down on 1979 largely through lower catches of Mallard at A bberton Reservoir, and of Pochard and Tufted Duck at Blunham. The absence of any cold spells, such as occurred in early 1979, will also have caused lower catches of some species. A bberton Reservoir caught smaller numbers of most species com pared with 1979, while the num ber of Teal ringed was one of the lowest ever. Abbotsbury Decoy, in the other hand, improved on last year's catch of Teal and contributed nearly half the total. As already m entioned the traps at Blunham gravel pits were less successful though even 500 diving ducks is a substan tial contribution. Borough Fen Decoy was only operated a few times during the year, with the main catching effort in the area concentrated on the traps at Deeping Lake where numbers of Mallard were down, but diving ducks up. The season at Nacton Decoy showed a slight improvement on recent poor years though still well below the level of ten years ago. The decoy at Slimbridge was partially refurbished during the summer and useful numbers of M allard and G ad wall were caught in it during the autumn, with reasonable totals of other species being trapped in the swan 'p ipe'. There was a single catch of 160 Barnacle Geese on the Solway in late January, of which 36 were retraps. Ringing of wild swans received a boost with the completion of traps at Eastpark and Welney. A single catch in the former, in January, produced 50 W hooper and 2 Bewick's Swans, while there were two small catches at W elney totalling 5 Whoopers and 17 Bewick's. The continuing study of M ute Swans at Abbotsbury, D orset (see p. 35) resulted in 513 birds being ringed during the year. The m ajority of these were part of a record round-up of 831 moulting birds, made in early August.


Abstract The complex relative permittivity of silver phosphate glass has been measured in the temperature range 200–400 K, and frequency range 12–105 Hz. Two relaxation processes occur within the glass. Both are observed in the electrical modulus spectrum but only the low-temperature, or faster, process in the loss spectrum. The faster process is attributed to the motion of Ag+ ions that form ion pairs with the phosphate chains and the slower to the local motions of the chain segments. Both indicate the presence of loosely packed regions in the disordered matrix. Annealing increased the strength of the faster process but decreased that of the slower process in a manner qualitatively similar to that observed on cooling the glass. In molten AgPO3 at 790 K, the faster process has the same rate as the viscoelastic modes of PO− 4 chains and, therefore, only one peak is observed in the Brillouip scattering at 790 K. AgPO3 glass behaves like a weak electrolyte.


Among 73 Seyfert galaxies observed at 3-m wavelength, five type 2 and two type 1 Seyferts are radio sources. Six of these have scintillating components with steep spectra (index ..cap alpha..>0.7) and about the same linear size as the compact (millisecond) components of distant quasars.


Peter Elmsley once said 'difficillimum opus esse accuratam librorum collationem'. He was pointing out some mistakes in Porson's collation of the editio princeps of the four plays of Euripides, which Porson had said that he himself had collated 'summa cum religione, ne dicam superstitione'. These were both men who knew Greek and who could collate manuscripts. So we ⋯ν;θρωπ⋯σκοι who would follow in their footsteps in this most difficult task cannot expect to do more than increase in some small measure the accuracy and completeness of existing collations. It is to be hoped that others in their turn may in due course improve on our work also, so that finally, with sufficient workers in the field, a close approximation to truth may be achieved.


Gender inequality is generally perceived as a deterrent to economic growth and as a result much of effort by the United Nations, World Bank, NGOs, Nigerian government and governments around the world have been enunciated to cauterise it. While several policies have been put in place to promote gender equality in Nigeria, progress in this area is rather slow. The need to achieve gender equality is crucial. Therefore, the paper empirically examines the influence of gender inequality and female labour force participation in the civil service on the economic growth of Nigeria. The data cut across 35 states in Nigeria from 2008 to 2016. The model is estimated using a panel data Fixed Effect estimation. The findings suggested that the economic cost of an increase in men's employment at the expense of women's employment may have a negative impact on economic growth. Thus, the pursuit of equi-gender representation is an important measure towards, women empowerment, reducing their dependency, elevating their socio-economic status, and achieving economic growth.


Variations in coat colour in 1766 rabbits collected from four climatically different regions in eastern Australia are described. In less than 80 yr coat colour has changed significantly, apparently by selection of quantitative genes rather than qualitative ones. In the arid area selection has been towards yellowness and in the wet alpine area towards blackness, compared with the coat colour in intermediate climates.


Business Intelligence has been proposed as a new approach in enterprise architecture based on the speed in data analysis in order to make accurate and smart business decisions in the shortest time possible and not as a tool or a product or even system. The objective of this study is determination of business intelligence skills in organizations as well as identification of relations and modeling of these elements. Identification of business intelligence skills and determination of mutual relations and their interactions have been carried out by evaluation of related literature and expert opinions. Then the relations between these skills are identified using Interpretive Structural Modeling and a structural model of business intelligence skills within organizations is offered based on the obtained relations.


A validated QuEChERS-based method was used to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxins in 70 South African food spices [coarse chilli (n=14), ground chilli (n=4), paprika (n=7), ginger (n=5), chicken spices (n=8), onion spices (n=8), beef spices (n=5), Mexican chilli (n=9), vegetable spice (n=1), fruit chutney spices (n=4), and cheese spices (n=5)]. Mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results revealed that 40% of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G1, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and/or roquefortine C. The contamination levels for aflatoxin B1 ranged from 3-19 μg/kg; aflatoxin G1, 10-11 μg/kg; ochratoxin A, 4-20 μg/kg; fumonisin B1 104-591 μg/kg; fumonisin B2, 64-5,897 μg/kg; sterigmatocystin, 11-18 μg/kg; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 42-46 μg/kg; and roquefortine C, 17-57 μg/kg. Mycotoxins co-occurred in 11% of the spice samples. Amongst the samples analysed in this study, paprika had the highest positives (100%) for the determined mycotoxins. Previous reports on mycotoxin contamination in spices, focused on the incidence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, but not on the multi-mycotoxin profile in South African spices. This study thus provides a comprehensive assessment of mycotoxin contamination of spices in South Africa.


We analyzed the survival of 89 surgically treated patients presenting non-small-cell lung cancer in regard to the accumulation of p53 protein as detected by indirect immunoperoxidase reactivity of PAb1801 anti-human p53 protein. Although the well-known factors such as stage grouping, tumor status, and nodal status were found to be prognostic determinants, the p53 protein accumulation had no effect on either univariate analysis or multivariate analysis of survival.


BACKGROUND
In the United States, Salmonella enterica serotype Niakhar is infrequently isolated. Between 1997 and 2000, the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) assayed a total of 22,383 Salmonella isolates from various animal sources (swine, cattle, chickens, turkeys, cats, horses, exotics and dogs) for antimicrobial susceptibility. Isolates originated from diagnostic and non-diagnostic submissions.

OBJECTIVES
To study the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Salmonella Niakhar.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Only five (0.02%) of the 22,383 isolates were identified as Salmonella Niakhar. Antimicrobial resistance testing indicated that three isolates were pan-susceptible, one isolate was resistant to ampicillin and one isolate was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. RAPD-PCR analysis, PFGE and ribotyping indicated that two pan-susceptible isolates were genetically similar, whereas the three remaining isolates were genetically different. The one Salmonella Niakhar isolate that was multiresistant harboured a class I integron, intI1 and two large plasmids.

CONCLUSIONS
This study represents the first report of a ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella isolate from the animal arm of NARMS.


Bilayer quantum Hall systems, realized either in two separated wells or in the lowest two subbands of a wide quantum well, provide an experimentally realizable way to tune between competing quantum orders at the same filling fraction. Using newly developed density matrix renormalization group techniques combined with exact diagonalization, we return to the problem of quantum Hall bilayers at filling ν=1/3+1/3. We first consider the Coulomb interaction at bilayer separation d, bilayer tunneling energy Δ_(SAS), and individual layer width w, where we find a phase diagram which includes three competing Abelian phases: a bilayer Laughlin phase (two nearly decoupled ν=1/3 layers), a bilayer spin-singlet phase, and a bilayer symmetric phase. We also study the order of the transitions between these phases. A variety of non-Abelian phases has also been proposed for these systems. While absent in the simplest phase diagram, by slightly modifying the interlayer repulsion we find a robust non-Abelian phase which we identify as the "interlayer-Pfaffian" phase. In addition to non-Abelian statistics similar to the Moore-Read state, it exhibits a novel form of bilayer-spin charge separation. Our results suggest that ν=1/3+1/3 systems merit further experimental study.


Nanomaterials have become increasingly important to study as their applications have expanded from heterogeneous catalysis, medicinal therapeutics, optoelectronics, and more. Understanding how these materials function is of utmost important to developing the next generation of functional nanoparticles. While there are various methods of characterizing nanoparticles using spectroscopic techniques such as infrared and Raman, solution state nuclear magnetic resonance has not seen the same type of methodological advancement. Large molecular systems are difficult to study by NMR. Signal relaxation occurs faster as the molecule of interest has a slower solution tumbling rate. The result for the relatively large nanoparticle system are spectral lines that are broadened to the point of invisibility. Direct observation of spins is not helpful in these cases. Instead, surface contrast NMR experiments are proposed for the indirect detection of ligands that adsorb and desorb from a nanoparticle surface. The effect of signal broadening is used as an amplification factor to measure lowly populated surface bound ligand states. An important aspect of performing NMR experiments on a sample that contains nanoparticles is that the nanoparticles must remain in suspension for the duration of the experiment. Nanoparticles typically are not soluble and tend to aggregate and sediment quickly. The use of the hydrogel, agarose, is proposed to trap nanoparticles within the pores of the gel to keep these materials homogeneously distributed for extended periods of time. We show that agarose is an inert matrix that does not participate in the ligand exchange process and does not interfere with data quality. The exchange processes of cholic acid and phenol onto the surface of ceria nanocubes were used as a model system. H dark state exchange saturation transfer (DEST)


The purpose of this report is to show the results of enlarging the liquid argon vessel and moving the heavy supports by a varying magnitude less than or equal to 6 inches. In order to accomplish this, the center of gravity of the entire calorimeter had to be calculated, which includes: the center of gravity of the liquid argon vessel, the modules and the argon. Enlarging the cryostat for the endcap calorimeter and moving the rear supports along with it results in different load distributions on each support. By taking moments and finding these loads one can plot the loads on each support versus the enlargement of the cryostat and movement of the rear supports. This plot is shown in figures 2 and 3 for an empty and filled endcap respectively. The graph of weight vs. length of the vessel enlargement shows a significant decrease in the load that the heavy support experiences as the vessel gets larger, therefore the stress in the member decreases.


In this paper we analyze the relationships between goal orientations, goals content, and academic performance. A total number of 213 compulsory secondary education students participate in this study. In general, results show that goal orientations and social goals are present in subjects, that goal oriented performance predicts academic performance, and that high performace students show high levels of learning, performance, achievement, as well as responsibility goals.


All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. T 2013 Region 5 Soil Judging Contest, hosted by Missouri State University in Springfield, MO from Sept. 16–20, 2013. Seven teams competed (South Dakota State University, University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, Kansas State University, Iowa State University, University of Missouri, and Missouri State University), and students competed individually and as a team. The schools were then ranked overall based on both individual and team scores. Schools ranking in the top three overall will participate in the national contest.


Based on laboratory tests and field investigations, E0 and CBR values of 8 typical soil samples of Sinkang are analyzed in this paper; correlation equations between E0 and CBR of different soils are established; the principles of classifying subgrade grades are put forward; the grades of subgrade strength of Sinkang Region are determined.


Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to investigate a 6×6 surface phase of the Au/Si(111) interface. Results show that no well-ordered structure is present on this surface. Instead, two ordered and one disordered 6×6 sublattices are observed to be formed in the distance scale of 500 Å. A kinematical calculation of the diffraction patterns is carried out taking into account the difference in sublattice order. The calculation reproduces the main features of the reported electron-diffraction patterns well. The comparison of these results with those of previous structural studies is discussed.


Professor Vasek believes that permanent repeal of the estate tax in 2010 will be problematic. Alternatives to repeal include taxing unrealized gains at death, taxing inheritances as income to the recipient, and increasing the amount exempt from estate tax. Political realities, such as the government's need for revenues and the need to not increase tax burdens or compliance difficulties for small estates, will be important if not determinative factors in the ultimate choice of estate tax reform proposals.


Abstract. A method of fast coding mode selection for high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) intravideo coding to exclude from the testing procedure coding modes that are statistically rarely chosen by the HEVC encoder is presented. To achieve the best compromise between computational complexity and compression performance, detailed conditional statistics of modes are used in the method. The proposed method enables (1) fast partitioning of each coding tree unit into coding unit, prediction unit (PU), and transform unit blocks of a proper size and (2) faster selection of an appropriate intrapredictor for each PU block. Due to the proposed method, it is possible to significantly scale down the computational complexity of the encoder. Simulation results indicate that, in the case of 1920  ×  1080 sequences, there is a threefold and twofold reduction in the encoding time, while the BD-rate increases by 4% and 1.5%, respectively, compared with HEVC test model version 16.9 of the reference software. Considering the principle of the proposed method, it is evident that it can complement other proposals concerning fast mode selection in the HEVC video encoder.


There are many ways to look at the American Presidency. It can be done in terms juridical or biographical, political or managerial: the office viewed primarily as a compendium of precedents, a succession of personalities, a fulcrum for party politics, a focus for administrative management. This essay denies the relevance of none of these approaches and makes use, incidentally, of them all, but aims at observation from a rather different point of view. This is an effort to look at the Presidency operationally, in working terms, as an instrument of governance in the middle years of the twentieth century; as man-in-office, that is to say, in a time of continuing "cold war," spiralling atomic discovery (and vulnerability), stabilized "big government," and stalemated partisan alignment-the policy environment capsuled by Clinton Rossiter as "new economy" and "new internationalism"; the political environment billed by Samuel Lubell as "politics of twilight."1 This calls for an examination of the President at work within the Presidency in a setting bounded on the one hand by the final phases of the last World War and on the other by the unknowns of the next decade-the setting for Harry S. Truman's term in office and for Dwight D. Eisenhower's up to the fall of I956. Given that contemporary focus, there is less need for emphasis on presidential tasks, per se, than on the means and methods of performance; the theme, here, is less "what" than "how." The modern Presidency's powers and responsibilities-the "what," that is to say-are widely known, however we may differ on their import for our form of government, and anyone in doubt has only to review numerous recent writings in the field. But the "how" is relatively unexplored terrain for which there are no ready references outside the realm of selective particulars in press reports, case studies, memoirs, and the like. Granting the President his modern "roles," how does the work get done? What are his means? How may these be employed? Under what limitations? At what cost? With what effect? In what degree sufficient to the Presidency's purposes? These are the central questions I should like to pose-to pose, note, not to "answer." The search for answers is a task I am prepared, at this writing, to acknowledge as ambition, not accomplishment.