Higher education plays particularly an important role by facilitating social, economical, technological and human resource development. Higher education is the master key that opens many doors and ensures the all round development of a person. It is an important and a specialized form of human capital, contribution of which to economic growth is very significant. It is rightly regarded as the engine of development in the new world economy (Ullah et al., 2012). The contribution of the higher education system for the development of knowledge and skills, generation of wealth, growth of employment, improvement in productivity and enhancement of global competitive capabilities are well recognized (Chauhan, 2010). It has been evidenced that the teachers with the positive core qualities can be academically more motivated, well rounded and successful both in and outside the classroom. Moreover, there is a long-standing and widely accepted proposition that happiness represents the ultimate goal in life and the truest measure of wellbeing (Layard et al., 2013).Noticeably, positive psychology, a new branch of psychology that seeks to understand scientifically what makes humans perform exceptionally well, have greater wellbeing and happiness consistently through life and be more resilient to life's difficulties, aims at making a positive difference in the lives of people and motivates to thrive and perform at optimal levels. The goals of positive psychology mirror the goals of quality education. In this regard, Martin Seligman, founder of the field ofpositive psychology is appreciated to begin the world's pioneering school to bolster good teaching practices as positive education program. The various skills that increase resilience, positive emotion, engagement and meaning can be taught to school children (Seligman et al., 2009). This new science has now discovered the concept of positive education which comprises of the key elements viz., character strengths and virtues, resilience, happiness, interpersonal relationships, etc. that produce consistent and long term wellbeing and success.Everyone has unique abilities and capacities that help to flourish and perform at best (Wood, Linley, Maltby, Kashdan & Hurling, 2011). These strengths can be understood from the perspective of character and virtues. According to Linley and Harrington (2006), strengths are ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that come naturally and easily to a person and that enable high functioning and performance. While strengths are similar to talents, there are important differences. Strengths are valued for moral and intrinsic reasons whereas talents are valued for their tangible outcomes. In addition to being valuable and right, strengths are proposed to have important benefits for wellbeing and to contribute to success in important life domains (Peterson & Seligman, 2004).Character strengths become self-consciously salient and then are incorporated into a habitual style (Dahlsgaard, Peterson & Seligman, 2005). With regards to virtues, McCullough and Snyder (2000) defined them as a psychological process that constantly enables a person to think and act so as to benefit him or her and society. They referred to character as possessing several of the virtues, which then is a higher order construct. Thus, character is a term referring to the aggregate of strengths that form an individual's nature. Character strengths are defined as the subset ofpersonality traits, on which one can place moral value (Peterson & Park, 2009) and are psychological processes or mechanisms that constitute positive traits reflected in thoughts, feelings andbehaviors.Objective of the studyTo study the gender differences in the character strengths and virtues of teachers.InstrumentsValues in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS): The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) is a psychological assessment measure designed to identify an individual's profile of character strengths. …


A fundamental part of a system's quad floating-point precision support is its companion mathematical library. We developed a hierarchical C macro based methodology for implementing the quad precision elementary functions both portable and optimized for Intel® architectures. When two or three floating-point values natively supported in the hardware are packed together, we are able to leverage the extra precision provided to attain high accuracy and yield measurable performance gains over traditional integer-based implementations. Our high-level language codes are unified for several platforms, while native floating-point arithmetic sequences are the computational elements that underlie the macros and exploit the features of particular architecture. This significantly reduces the library maintenance cost and allows providing high performance quad functions for the new processors. We also show how language extensions in the Intel® C/C++ compiler allow additional performance improvements on Intel® architectures. Finally, our experiments based on recent advances of de Dinechin, Defour and Lauter demonstrate that using methodology developed for quad precision functions we can attain correctly rounded double precision routines with significant performance improvements compared with algorithms based on generic multi-precision packages for a low implementation cost.


A Bayesian approach to classification of parametric information sources whose statistics are not explicitly given is studied and applied to recognition of speech signals based upon hidden Markov modeling. A classifier based on generalized likelihood ratios, which depends only on the available training and testing data, is developed and shown to be optimal in the sense of achieving the highest asymptotic exponential rate of decay of the error probability. The proposed approach is compared to the standard classification approach used in speech recognition, in which the parameters for the sources are first estimated from the given training data, and then the maximum and posteriori (MAP) decision rule is applied using the estimated statistics.<<ETX>>


The links between cybersecurity and civil protection in the last decades became strong due to the rapid increase in the use of Informatics Technologies (IT) worldwide and the need to increase citizens' protection from various disasters and uncertainties. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of cyber security in enhancing civil protection in Greek reality. Methodologically, the study has been based on a survey with a sample of 345 executives of IT companies in Greece by using a structured questionnaire. The basic results of the research study showed that cyber security technologies positively affect civil protection, cybercrime reduction practices have a positive influence on civil protection, and there is a significant relationship between the government's role in cyber security and civil protection. Cybersecurity also may have a significant influence on the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation and recovery. The main conclusion from the study is that it is very important for public and private agencies in Greece, as well as in the rest of Europe, to embrace new emerging cybersecurity technologies to help enhance cyber security and civil protection. Potential vulnerabilities in cybersecurity pose substantial risks to the effectiveness and efficiency of such critical infrastructure and directly impact the functioning of states, economies, and societies.


By taking the prestressed concrete cast-in-place box girder in main line part in interworking area of some expressway with the steel pipe support as an example,the paper explores from the foundation loading capacity,the support stability,and the model stress and all kinds of calculus of door holes for traffic,so as to accumulate experience for the support layout of the cast-in-place bridges.


The sufficient conditions for the stability of a CAM neural network model are established and an application example is given to illustrate the effect of the circuit parameters on the stability of the CAM neural network simulated by electronic devices, and some new results are obtained.<<ETX>>


Objectives: Overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor has been associated with progression and invasive phenotype in pancreatic cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which EGF worked in pancreatic cancer cells has been poorly understood. In this study, we determined the effect of EGF on the invasiveness and the related regulatory mechanism in two pancreatic cancer cell lines NOR-P1 and KP4. Methods: Invasion assay was performed to examine the invasiveness of tumor cells induced by EGF, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, and plasminogen activator (uPA) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Gelatin zymography was used to detect the activities of MMP-9 and MMP-2, and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: EGF significantly increased the invasiveness of both cell lines but did not affect cell proliferation or adhesion. Increased invasiveness was associated with the induction of MMP-9 and uPA at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, EGF stimulated NF-κB binding activity. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or ibuprofen, markedly attenuated EGF-induced NF-κB activation. Subsequently, the EGF-induced MMP-9 and uPA expression and MMP-9 activity, as well as cell invasiveness, were also inhibited by these NF-κB inhibitors. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 and uPA induction was responsible for EGF-induced invasiveness in these pancreatic cancer cell lines and implicate that such anti-NF-κB therapy as the use of NF-κB inhibitors may contribute to the reduction of invasiveness of pancreatic cancer.


The vector decomposition method was firstly adopted in this paper to process the measured wind speed data atop the super high-rise building Guangzhou West Tower.Three limitations of this widely used statistica analysis method in wind engineering were discussed.In order to solve these limitations and obtaine more accurate fluctuating wind speed time history,the non-stationary characteristics of wind was taken into accoun in this study.Therefore a revised stationary and non-stationary(mainly induced from the EMD method)wind speed model were established respectively for the two orthogonal directions of the fluctuating wind speed obtained from the propeller anemometer.Then the four major indexes of wind characteristic for measured wind speed,i.e.the turbulence intensity,the gust factor,the probability density distribution,and the power spectral density of fluctuating wind speed,were discussed comprehensively by comparing the analyzed results based on the specifications of the two above mentioned wind speed model.The comprehensive compared results showed that non-stationary wind speed model,which was obtained from the EMD method,could describe the true state of wind characteristic of on-site measured wind speed data more accurately.


An attempt is made to investigate the mechanical properties of the diaphragm of capacitor microphone using MTS Tytron 250 micro‐force testing machine. The compliance of the diaphragm is calculated from the force‐displacement diagram. The simulation of the microphone is carried out using equivalent circuit method. The mechanical parameters like mass (measured), compliance (measured and calculated), and resistance (assumed from literature) are being used to formulate mechanical domain of microphone in equivalent circuit model. The sensitivity curve of microphone is being plotted. Simultaneously, the experimental measurement has been carried by PULSE Electroacoustics with the software Sound Check in an anechoic chamber. The simulation and experimental results for sensitivity are found to follow each other within a wide frequency range. The characteristic investigation is carried out using validated equivalent circuit model for parametric study of microphone. [Work supported by Contract Nos. NSC 95‐2221‐E‐035...


This study aims to discover how The Coastal Community Economic Welfare Program (GPEMP) programwas implemented and its impact on the orientation of fishermen's family income-sources in Pasie Nan Tigo Subdistrict, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. The method used in this study is a case study method with key informants as the main data source. Interviews were conducted with key informants and direct observations in the field related to the problems raised in this study.Data analysis through a qualitative approach.The results showed that the GPEMP program had been implemented in accordance with the implementation instructions, except in the GPEMP assistance delivery phase, namely the assistance of developing fish culture with the help of a fixed net package and tilapia cultivation equipment where there were differences in the specifications of the goods delivered with the supposed ones. The GPEMP program has impacts on the orientation of fishermen's family income sources in Pasie Nan Tigo Subistrict, namely: 1) fishermen's family income sources developed to become not only from fishing, but also from other new alternative livelihoods, such as fish cultivation, fish processing diversification, and cattle farming, and 2) fishermen's effectiveness working hours increases as well as involvement of fishermen's wives and children's involvement in the business.


Purpose: To evaluate if attendance at Lifeskills, a safety education centre for children in Year 6 (10–11 years), is associated with engagement in safer behaviours, and with fewer accidents and injuries, in adolescence. Methods: The sample are participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children who attended school in the Lifeskills catchment area in Year 6; 60% attended Lifeskills. At 14–15 years, par- ticipants (n approximately 3000, varies by outcome) self-reported road safety behaviours and accidents, and perceived health effects and use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco. Additional outcomes from link- age to Hospital Episodes Statistics were available for a sub-sample (n = 1768): hospital admittance (for accident-related reason, from 11–16 years) and A&E attendance (for any reason, from approximately 14–16 years). Results: Children who attended Lifeskills were more likely to report using pedestrian crossings on their way to school than children who did not attend (59% versus 52%). Lifeskills attendance was unrelated to the ownership of cycle helmets, or the use of cycle helmets, seat belts, or reflective/fluorescent clothing, or to A&E attendance. Use of cycle helmets (37%) and reflective/fluorescent clothing (<4%) on last cycle was low irrespective of Lifeskills attendance. Lifeskills attendance was associated with less reported smoking and cannabis use, but was generally unrelated to perceptions of the health impact of substance use. Conclusions: Lifeskills attendance was associated with some safer behaviours in adolescence. The overall low use of cycle helmets and reflective/fluorescent clothing evidences the need for powerful promotion of some safer behaviours at Lifeskills and at follow-up in schools. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 2010)


A graphical representation of a simple MOST (metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor) model for the analysis of analog MOS circuits operating in strong inversion is given. It visualizes the principles of signal-processing techniques depending on the characteristics of an MOS transistor. Several linearization techniques as well as a multiplying principle become transparent at the hand of the graphical representation. In the examples, special attention is focused on continuous-time filter techniques. The basis of MOSFET-C continuous-time filters and CMOS square-law circuits are explained using the graphical MOST characteristics representation. >


7 A conditioning lesion of the peripheral sensory axon triggers robust central axon 8 regeneration in mammals. We visualize the ASJ neuron of C. elegans with a cell- 9 specific green fluorescent protein reporter driven by a thioredoxin trx-1 promoter and 10 trigger conditioned regeneration by laser surgery or genetic disruption of sensory 11 pathways. Utilizing calibrated fluorescent beads, we demonstrate that these neurons 12 brighten when conditioned, suggesting that trx-1 expression indicates regenerative 13 capacity. We show that trx-1 functionally enhances conditioned regeneration but inhibits 14 non-conditioned regeneration. Finally, six strains isolated in a forward genetic screen for 15 reduced fluorescence also show reduced axon outgrowth. We demonstrate a link 16 between trx-1 expression and the conditioned state that we leverage to rapidly assess 17 regenerative capacity. Imaging with fluorescent beads: Fluorescence measurements are affected by numerous factors, including the intensity of the light source and transmission through microscope optics. These factors may change over time as the components age and their alignment degrades. To account for these effects, we calibrated fluorescence measurements by imaging animals alongside fluorescent beads and normalizing measurements across the images taken. We thoroughly vortexed 0.3% and 3% 2.5 μ m stock bead solution (Invitrogen I7219) and mixed it with nematode growth medium (NGM) buffer (Chung , et al. , 2016) in a 5:1 NGM to bead volumetric ratio. We dropped 5.0 μ L of the 5:1 solution to the center of the agarose-azide pad, and then picked adults to the bead solution droplet. To approximately match neuron to bead fluorescence, we used 3% beads for tax-2 and tax-4 strains and 0.3% beads for other strains and surgical conditions. We imaged worms through a Nikon 0.30 NA, 10x microscope objective and an Andor Zyla sCMOS Plus camera. Z-stack images were captured with 1-µm spacing. the measured cell body dendrite fluorescent intensities after each surgery. Figure 2c scatter plots the dendrite fluorescence against the cell body fluorescence, clustering neurons by fluorescent intensity for comparing to conditioned state. Our imaging procedure without surgery (mock condition) does not significantly alter fluorescence, and the data points are tightly clustered on the left side of the plot (dimmer ASJ fluorescence), representing a non- conditioned state. Surgical interventions significantly increase cell body and dendrite fluorescence. fluorescence after axon cut roughly binary distribution


We address the problem of prefetching and caching in a parallel I/O system and present a new algorithm for optimal parallel-disk scheduling. Traditional buffer management algorithms that minimize the number of I/O disk accesses, are substantially suboptimal in a parallel I/O system where multiple I/Os can proceed simultaneously.
We present a new algorithm SUPERVISOR for parallel-disk I/O scheduling. We show that in the off-line case, where apriori knowledge of all the requests is available, SUPERVISOR performs the minimum number of I/Os to service the given I/O requests. This is the first parallel I/O scheduling algorithm that is provably offline optimal. In the on-line case, we study SUPERVISOR in the context of global L-block lookahead, which gives the buffer management algorithm a lookahead consisting of L distinct requests. We show that the competitive ratio of SUPERVISOR, with global L-block lookahead, is &THgr;(M - L + D), when L ≤ M, and &THgr;(MD/L), when L > M, where the number of disks is D and buffer size is M.


Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of boiling water reactor (BWR) piping has been studied extensively since 1975 when cracks were discovered in eight operating BWR plants. This type of cracking has been known to occur when sensitized stainless steel material near welds is loaded or strained in the presence of the water environment containing dissolved oxygen. The three ingredients or necessary conditions for IGSCC initiation are sensitized microstructure, tensile stress, and oxygenated high-temperature water. The BWR internals and vessel attachments were made using the same materials and fabrication methods as the BWR piping systems that have experienced severe IGSCC in the past. These major structural components are difficult to inspect because of access limitations and would be very expensive to repair or replace.


In a framework of self-consistency effective medium approximation, we derive an expression for the effective resistivity of the Miller-Abrahams resistor networks with hopping conductivities [$\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\kappa}r)$, where $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ is a measure of disorder, and $r$ is a random number, $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}r\ensuremath{\leqslant}1$], and we compare it with the results of numerical simulations of such networks. When the number of neighbors is greater than four, the numerical results agree with the expression derived in this paper and not with the expression obtained in the percolative approach. In the case of four neighbors both results are in agreement.


The question of how to enhance the Italian public real-estate assets is a topic widely debated by local authorities and the central government. The reuse and enhancement of a public asset of immense size no longer used for public purposes and at risk of abandonment is a challenge for the Italian territories and for the government finances.
For a long time, the lawmaker's effort in this field has focused on facilitating the public procedures for the alienation of public buildings. The bases of these policies were the need to enter the property on the market to entrust them to operators which would hold the appropriate financial resources and knowledge able to redevelop the buildings and ensure new uses.
At an ex-post evaluation, facilitation and market access measures through traditional valuation tools have not yielded the hoped outcome. Growing downturns on real estate sales may be similar to the market for non-performing loans - estimated at no more than 30% of their real value as reported by the Bank of Italy - imposes new solutions to avoid the sale and the abandonment of such assets.
In public real-estate assets suspended among the negligence of the administrations and the exclusion from the traditional real estate market logic, in recent years innovative forms of enhancement of public real-estate properties took place. These are promoted by a citizenship that is eager to get involved in enhancing its territory. If traditional operators no longer have the interest or resources to transform public areas and buildings, the creative class, represented by associations, artists and companies, fab-lab, creative industries, digital manufacturing workshops, craft workshops and professional firms, rediscovers abandoned real estate assets to launch innovation projects with cultural and social purposes. At the core of these activities is the desire to restart the territories affected by the structural crisis that has hit our country through culture and the sharing of projects and ideas.
The present research aims to study these innovative forms of enhancement of public real-estate properties promoted from bottom-up processes, from initiatives taken by local citizenship. In particular, the goal is to identify the conditions for predicting the success of such projects and, from a real-estate economics point of view, to what extent similar actors can generate new economic value in the enhanced real-estate assets.
Often, governments encourage the development of similar initiatives that revitalize properties and establish new ecosystem with culture and enterprise, simultaneously promoting economic development and urban regeneration. From reserve of financial value, public properties are thus transformed into new commons, of which citizenship reappears to start new social and economic activities.
Although bottom-up processes are a well-established procedure in Europe, in the literature the theme is still experimental. For this reason, research is based on the analysis and interpretation of some empirical successful experiences in Italy and it can be distinguished in three phases.
A first experimental survey was conducted on fifteen successful case studies in Italy. The basics of descriptive statistics have allowed us to identify some of the elements common to most of the experiences. Among them, the importance of active citizenship, temporary uses, the conceptual framework of commons and the attractiveness of creative industries.
The second step explores in more detail the dynamics of bottom-up processes and deepens some aspects of macro and micro-territorial scale. The dataset has been expanded through fifty experiences that have been explored through multivariate statistics techniques. In particular, cluster analysis has allowed identifying some internal groups to the datasets with similar characteristics. From the analysis emerged some elements that can represent many predictors for the success of the bottom-up enhancement experiences in Italy. From the macro-territorial point of view, the importance of the endowment of social capital in a territory has emerged. Large cities have always been characterized by a high level of social and human capital and, for this reason, bottom-up processes are typically an urban phenomenon. Nevertheless, similar mechanisms can also occur where social capital is latent. In this case, administrations have promoted specific public policies to stimulate citizenship to pursue such initiatives.
From the micro-territorial scale, the cluster analysis allowed to identify some architectural, managerial and legal aspects. Bottom-up enhancement processes take place in small buildings in a good state of conservation. Such mechanisms require an emblematic figure, the social entrepreneur, to ensure their economic sustainability. From a legal perspective, flexibility is the necessary element to ensure contractual formulas that are appropriate to the needs of proprietary and the users of the assets.
If the positive externalities that bottom-up processes generate locally (new jobs, urban regeneration, new community services) are clear, the economic benefits, from a purely real-estate point of view, are less evident. The third step concerns the value creation process that similar mechanisms are able to generate in the enhanced asset. The discounted cash flow analysis conducted on a case study is the procedure employed to estimate the value generated by bottom-up processes. To measure in the high degree of uncertainty associated with the value chain that characterizes bottom-up initiatives, the estimation model has been combined with the Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that from a near-zero initial value, bottom-up processes have contributed to increasing this value, demonstrating how similar processes represent a valid alternative to traditional administrative procedures for enhancing abandoned property assets.
From a practical point of view, research highlights new perspectives for enhancing public property assets and provides a valid support for administrations to promote similar practices.
Finally, scientific results link two issues - the enhancement of public real-estate assets and bottom-up processes - which are now treated distinctly in the literature and show the effectiveness of such practices in the regeneration of territories.


Food borne disease (FBD) is a disease through consumption of contaminated food. The problem is that, school children are vulnerable to FBD because of household food contamination. This indicates the family as a food handler hygiene mainly the mother who prepare the food needed to be improved. Most common FBD is diarrhea, one of the danger is that the child's body fluids are expelled out through the stool this can cause dehydration or even death. Family plays very important role in the handling of FBD first before being taken to the health service. This can be known through family studies approach CFAM (Calgary Family assessment model). The design of this study was descriptive eksplorative with a sample of 35 respondents; the 4th graders and their parents (17 persons) and 5th graders and their parents (18) in Jatirejoyoso Kepanjen Elemetary School through purposive sampling technique. The data taken were demographic and CFAM consists of the structural assessment components, development as well as family function. The family in first handling of food borne disease largely was not routine (71.4%). Ways of solving the problems mostly by the head of the family (74.3%). Responsible care for sick children mostly (57.2%) by only one parent (father / mother). Follow up during sick mostly made an effort (curative) as much as 85.7%. Family belief the majority (80%) considered that the first treatment at home was not needed because it could be taken directly to the health service. Health workers are expected to provide guidance for families through health volunteers on first handling practices of FBD. While schools are expected to perform optimization of UKS (School Health Unit) program to provide health education about the prevention and first treatment of FBD toward the school community.


New multichannel seismic reflection profiles were acquired to unravel the structure of a portion of the eastern margin of the Tyrrhenian basin. This extensional feature is part of an Oligocene to Present back‐arc basin in the hangingwall of the west directed Apennines subduction system. The basin provides excellent conditions to investigate the early stage processes leading to the development of rifted passive margins and to the emplacement of oceanic crust in an oblique setting. The interpreted post‐stack‐migrated seismic profiles highlight the geometry and kinematics of the Pontine escarpment that connects the Latium‐Campania continental margin to the Vavilov basin. The latter is the main feature of the area, related to the early Pliocene extension of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Several morphological variations are pointed out along strike, mirroring different structural settings of the margin itself: a steeper margin to the north corresponds to high‐angle possibly transtensional faults, whereas a smooth slope in the southern portion corresponds to several more distributed listric faults. This work contributes to the understanding of the interplay between extensional and transtensional tectonics along the margins of an oblique back‐arc basin.


Abstract. Colonization with group B streptococci of the genital tract was studied in 1115 women during the last trimester of pregnancy. 76 or 6.82 % were found to harbour this bacterium. The incidence of contamination was significantly higher among Belgian women than among parturients of Mediterranean origin (p < 0.001). It was also more frequent in primigravidae (p<0.05) and in the poorer (0.10 < p > 0.05). At the time of admission in the delivery room, it was noticed that rupture of the amniotic membranes for more than 24 hours was more often associated with group B streptococcal carriage by the mother (p<0.001). 29 out of 68 (42.6%) infants born to group B streptococci positive mothers were colonized at birth. 67 of them were submitted to a controlled trial of immediate versus delayed penicillin therapy. 44.8 % and 42.1 % of the neonates were contaminated at birth in each group of treatment respectively. No instance of group B streptococcal infection developed in either group. This suggests that immediate therapy with penicillin of infants of group B streptococci positive mothers has no definite advantage upon delayed treatment.


In April 2007, Louisiana's TIMED Program launched "TIMED 2 Drive Safe," a public awareness campaign promoting National Work Zone Safety Awareness Week, April 2- 6, 2007. In addition to meeting the responsibilities associated with public safety, this campaign also served as an educational initiative.


Sexual
 violence
 is
 a
 major
 issue
 in
 the
 state
 of
 Alaska
 where
 women
 are
 twice
 as
 likely
 to experience
 sexual
 assault
 compared
 to
 other
 women
 in
 the
 United
 States.
 The
 purpose
 of this
 research
 was
 to
 determine
 the
 existence
 of
 health
 care
 disparities
 experienced
 by Alaska
 Native
 women
 victims
 of
 sexual
 violence
 and
 address
 the
 need
 for
 sexual
 assault nurse
 examiners
 (SANEs)
 to
 provide
 culturally
 competent
 care.
 This
 was
 a
 secondary
 data analysis
 of
 research
 collected
 from
 over
 1,600
 Alaska
 Sexual
 Assault
 Nurse
 Examiner surveys
 performed
 by
 SANEs
 between
 1996-‐2006.
 The
 SANE
 examinations
 were
 conducted in
 Anchorage,
 Homer,
 Kodiak,
 Kotzebue,
 Nome
 and
 Soldotna.
 The
 populations
 in
 this research
 included
 both
 the
 Alaska
 Native
 women
 victims
 of
 sexual
 violence
 and
 the
 white women
 victims
 of
 sexual
 violence.
 It
 was
 hypothesized
 that
 significant
 differences
 would
 be present
 between
 the
 Alaska
 Native
 and
 white
 women
 victims
 in
 regards
 to
 behavior
 during the
 post-‐assault
 examination,
 condition
 at
 time
 of
 assault,
 the
 time
 from
 assault
 to
 report, hospital
 admittance,
 injuries
 sustained
 from
 assault,
 victim-‐suspect
 relationships,
 and
 the decision
 to
 engage
 in
 consensual
 intercourse
 following
 assault.
 A
 bivariate
 analysis
 was performed
 to
 test
 the
 hypotheses
 and
 a
 level
 of
 significance
 of
 alpha=0.05
 was
 set
 to determine
 statistical
 significance.
 Results
 showed
 that
 Alaska
 Native
 women
 were described
 as
 less
 controlled,
 less
 cooperative
 and
 less
 likely
 to
 be
 sober
 and
 often
 suffered more
 physically
 traumatic
 assaults
 than
 the
 white
 women
 victims.
 Analysis
 of
 the
 results indicated
 that
 the
 Alaska
 Native
 women
 differ
 significantly
 from
 white
 women
 victims
 in several
 aspects:
 different
 behaviors,
 reactions
 to
 trauma,
 cultural
 practices,
 etc.
 Cultural competence
 when
 caring
 for
 Alaska
 Native
 victims
 of
 sexual
 violence
 needs
 to
 be
 a
 top priority
 in
 order
 to
 provide
 these
 women
 with
 high
 quality,
 patient-‐centered
 care.
 This research
 provides
 support
 for
 the
 need
 to
 include
 cultural
 competency
 training
 in
 the preparation
 curriculum
 for
 SANEs
 working
 with
 the
 Alaska
 Native
 population
 and
 urges SANEs
 to
 collaborate
 with
 cultural
 groups
 to
 ensure
 culturally
 sensitive
 care.


This study examined the role of social networks in expatriate effectiveness in their overseas assignment. The model in this study proposed that an expatriate's social network in a new culture provides two important functions: cultural information and social support, which in turn influence three aspects of expatriate's effectiveness: adjustment, job satisfaction and job performance. The results showed that the size and closeness of an expatriate's social network are positively related to the amount of social support and cultural information he or she receives respectively. The cultural information facilitates an expatriate's adjustment and job performance, and social support improves expatriate adjustment and job satisfaction. The implication of this study was discussed as well.


This study examines the effects of treatment sequences using cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on daytime functioning in people with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA).

 118 participants with COMISA (Age=49.99±13.12; 53.4% female) were randomized to one of the three study arms: Arm A- CBT-I followed by CPAP, Arm B- CBT-I concurrent with CPAP, and Arm C- CPAP only. Participants were assessed at four time points [baseline/ start of phase 1 (A1), CPAP titration/ start of phase 2 (A2), 30 days (A3) and 90 days (A4) after CPAP initiation]. This study examined secondary outcome measures of daytime functioning, including the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Flinders Fatigue Scale (FFS).

 Linear mixed model analyses showed a main effect of time on improving functional outcomes in all measurements, with all p< 0.001. There were also arm by time interactions on FOSQ [F(6, 105.36)=4.21, p=0.001] and FFS scores [F(6, 106.95)=3.10, p=0.008]. Pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment showed improved FOSQ scores in Arm A from A1 to A2 (p=0.011) and A2 to A3 (p=0.005), Arm B from A2 to A3 (p< 0.001), and Arm C from A2 to A3 (p=0.006). For FFS scores, improvements were shown in Arm A from A1 to A2 (p=0.003), and Arm B from A2 to A3 (p < 0.001).

 The results show daytime functioning improvements in patients with COMISA following CPAP and CBT-I. In addition, CBT-I appears to facilitate improvement in sleepiness-related functional status and daytime fatigue. The findings suggest that the combination of CBT-I and CPAP may have a beneficial effect on daytime functioning in patients with COMISA.

 This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01HL114529).


Abstract:  The radiological determination of foreign objects in corpses can be difficult if they are fragmented or deformed. With multislice computed tomography, radiodensities—referred to as Hounsfield units (HU)—can be measured. We examined the possibility of differentiating 21 frequently occurring foreign bodies, such as metals, rocks, and different manmade materials by virtue of their HU values. Gold, steel, and brass showed mean HU values of 30671–30710 (upper measurable limit), mean HU values for steel, silver, copper, and limestone were 20346, 16949, 14033, and 2765, respectively. The group consisting of objects, such as aluminum, tarmac, car front‐window glass, and other rocks, displayed mean HU values of 2329–2131 HU. The mean HU value of bottle glass and car side‐window glass was 2088, whereas windowpane glass was 493. HU value determination may therefore help in preautopsy differentiation between case‐relevant and irrelevant foreign bodies and thus be useful for autopsy planning and extraction of the objects in question.


Draw-a-Person test scoring systems developed prior to 1967 had low levels of predictive validity and reliability estimates for these scales are rarely found in the literature. Then, in 1967, Handler developed a set of scales for scoring anxiety indices in the Draw-a-Person test. The Handler scoring manual may offer more promise for future studies designed to validate the clinical and research use of human figure drawings. Reliability estimates reported in the present investigation provide independent support that Handler's scoring procedures have high interrater reliabilities. The Draw-a-Person indices had a median interrater reliability of .90, this being congruent with the median coefficient of .87 reported by Handler.


BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has recently established itself as an important imaging strategy in the management of respectable non-small cell bronchial carcinoma (NSCLC). In this study we report our experience of the impact of FDG-PET in the pre-operative assessment of NSCLC.

METHODS
In a single centre retrospective study between 01 January 2000 and 31 Dec 2002, 108 FDGPET scans were performed during the preoperative assessment of histologically proven or strongly suspected NSCLC.

RESULTS
The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG-PET for the characterization of a parenchymatous opacity were 96%, 71% and 92% respectively (4 false negatives, 5 false positives). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for mediastinal node involvement were 62%, 94% and 84% respectively (10 false negatives and 4 false positives). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the characterization of adrenal nodules were 88%, 100% and 97% (1 false negative) and for satellite pulmonary nodules 50%, 75% and 64% (2 false negatives and 3 false positives).

CONCLUSION
FDG-PET is a useful imaging modality in the pre-operative management of NSCLC but is limited particularly in the characterization of lesions less than 10 mm in diameter and in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes.


The authors demonstrate how chemical technology has fostered the development of civilizations, altered the course of wars, generated the industrial revolution, and created the petroleum and plastics that fuel and shape our modern world.


In this article, the author argues that pre-service teachers may need to reflect about race and pursue racial competence as they are prepared to teach in multiracial schools. The question is how do teacher educators prepare pre-service teachers to pose tough questions about issues of race? Several matters are considered in the discussion, such as teacher reflection, race reflection, and some complexities of race in the teaching and learning process. The author concludes the article with an extensive discussion of critical pedagogy. In particular, the author advances two possible teaching methods (critically engaged dialogue, and race reflective journaling) that teacher educators may find useful as they attempt to facilitate reflections on race and assist pre-service teachers in pursuing racial competence through posing tough questions. In the final section, the author shares a chart that he developed and suggests that the chart be used in critically engaged dialogue and race reflective journaling as pre-service teachers pursue racial competence. Finally, the author encourages teacher educators to continue developing instructional methods and tools that allow pre-service teachers to pose tough questions about issues of race.


As far as new model introductions go, a recent Isuzu event didn't reveal anything particularly riveting. What it did deliver though was another example of why this Japanese maker has ruled the roost for so long, and an opportunity for Steve Brooks to put a few candid questions to the brand's chief play maker, Phil Taylor.


The definition of 'investment' has become one of the most controversial issues in the determination of jurisdiction on investment arbitration. Several approaches to interpreting the term 'have appeared in international investment arbitration. This article traces recent developments and discusses the case of Romak v Uzbekistan, where the respondent argued that delivery of more than 40 000 tons of cereal did not constitute investment in accordance with the applicable Bilateral Investment Treaty ('BIT'). The tribunal in Romak advanced a new approach to the interpretation of the term 'investment'. This article analyses the implications of the case for BIT-making, legal doctrine, and international investment arbitration. It argues that the approach applied by the tribunal in Romak evinces the likelihood of smoothing differences in various tribunals' interpretation of the term 'investment'.


In this paper we examine the kinds of mentoring models and practices employed in Finnish higher education and working-life to support continuous skill development, focusing especially on the working-life-centric digital mentoring of students. The theme interviews at 11 HE institutions and four enterprises were conducted as part of an eAMK project. The results show that classical and new implementations are employed in mentoring in HE and the workplace. While traditional pair mentoring continues to be the most widely used mentoring model, group and cross mentoring are increasingly utilised. Likewise, an agile combination of different mentoring models is identified as a feature of emerging mentoring practices. Digitalisation is increasingly part of the examined mentoring implementations and in HE especially trials are carried out to develop digital mentoring. Emerging learning ecosystems call for mentoring that is agile, adaptable and digitally accessible. We also examine the viable features and development needs of the presented mentoring models, especially from the perspective of digital devices.


To get insights into how Internet users perceive the quality and user-friendliness of website design, this study intend to conduct a controlled experiment using an eye-tracking device to examine the effects of different levels of the three primary features of website complexity, namely the component, coordinative, and dynamic complexities on the satisfaction and intentions to reuse of website users. Additionally, in conjunction with the concept of website complexities, the task-technology fit theory (TTF) is adopted to develop a research framework to understand the behaviors of the website users. It is expected that the lower the users' perceptions of website complexities will result in higher perception of the fit between a website and the tasks that the users intend to accomplish via the use of the website, which, in turn, may lead to higher user satisfaction and intend to reuse the website. Additionally, Internet users' levels of technology readiness, familiarity, and online task characteristics are expected to have a significant moderating effect on the relationships between website complexities and the perceived level of task-technology fit. The research results are expected to provide insights into the relationships among website complexities, user satisfaction, and intention to reuse the websites.


Fluorescence polarisation techniques are usually employed in the investigation of either orientation in frozen media or molecular mobility in isotropic media. The theory of fluorescence polarisation has been recently extended by the authors to the case where both orientation and mobility are present. An apparatus is described which permits simultaneous determination of orientation and mobility in a uniaxial distribution of moving molecules. It is well studied to the study of the rheological behaviour of polymers under stretching.


THE director of the Nizamiah Observatory has communicated a paper, "Occultations of Stars and Planets by the Moon observed at the Nizamiah Observatory, Hyderabad, during the Year 1943" (Mon, Not. Roy. Astro. Soc., 104, 4; 1944), which gives the occultation results for 1943 from January 11 until December 31. Twenty-seven occultations of stars and one of Venus were observed by M. K. Bappu, using the 15-in. visual refractor. M. V. V. Sastry, assisted by S. Aravamudan, carried out the reductions. In the case of two stars, proper motions were applied to the co-ordinates given id. the catalogue in computing the mean places for use in the reductions, and positions were taken from the "Nautical Almanac" for the others.


Foreword Preface Part I. Basic Biology: 1. Taxonomy, physical characteristics, habitats, and distribution 2. Seasonal patterns and hibernation 3. Daily activity cycles 4. Maintenance: foraging, predation, and burrows Part II. Social Behaviour: 5. Social structure 6. Descriptive anatomy of social behaviour 7. Behavioural ontogeny and individual differences 8. Male/male competition 9. Female/female competition 10. Kin selection Part III. Population Biology: 11. Mortality and survivorship 12. Reproductive effort 13. Dispersal Part IV. Basic Patterns and Correlations: 14. The sociobiology of marmots: towards a general theory Index.


transformative scholarship in occupational science Stephanie Huff , Debbie Laliberte Rudman , Lilian Magalhães c & Erica Lawson PhD Graduate in Occupational Science, Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Professor, School of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science Field, Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Adjunct Professor, School of Occupational Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil; Associate Profession and Undergraduate Chair, Department of Women's Studies and Feminist Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Western University is located on the traditional lands of the Anishinaabek, Haudenosaunee, Lūnaapéewak and Attawandaron peoples.


A series of unsubstituted phenolic lignin diphenylmethane (DPM)-model dimers of the guaiacyl type has been shown to be quite reactive under alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation conditions resulting in the formation of monomeric products. The yield of vanillin varied considerably with the linkage type (4-32%), and decreases in the order of α-1, α-5, α-6 and 5,5'-DPM dimers. The reactions also included an oxidation of the α-methylene groups, leading to the formation of diphenylketone derivatives, which were obtained in 5-28% yield. In contrast. the etherified DPM-model dimers were relatively stable under nitrobenzene oxidation conditions.


Aims:  Escherichia coli O157 is considered to be one of most important human pathogens of animal origin which causes serious clinical complications. One of the most common methods to isolate E. coli O157 is the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique which employs specific antibodies coupled to magnetic beads to bind and extract cells from enrichment broths followed by plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite (CT‐SMAC) plates. The aim of this study was to determine strain variation by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) among E. coli O157 on IMS/CT‐SMAC plates.


Collaborative design is characterised by small-scale, care- fully structured, professional design teams. The increasing popularity of social computing and mass communication supported by cyber- worlds suggests there is now also a strong possibility of design through mass participation, beyond small-scale, collaborative design scenarios. However to achieve collective intelligence design, there is a need to motivate large groups of users to contribute constructively to design tasks. This paper studies different types of cyberworlds to clas- sify the motivation profiles of their user bases. We compare these mo- tivation profiles to those required for the emergence of collective in- telligence and develop a list of technological requirements for cyberworlds to support collective intelligence and design.


Data preparation (prep) time is a major bottleneck for many ML applications. It is often painful grunt work that is handled manually by data scientists, reducing their productivity and raising costs. It is also a roadblock for emerging AutoML platforms. We envision a new line of community-driven research to tackle this bottleneck based on a simple philosophy: use ML to semi-automate data prep for ML. For impactful research on this problem, we believe the major impediment is not new algorithms or theory but rather common task definitions and benchmark labeled datasets. To this end, we formalize a few major data prep tasks for ML over structured data as applied ML tasks. We discuss research challenges in scaling up data labeling, defining accuracy metrics, and creating practical tool support. We present a case study of our progress on a key data prep task: ML schema inference. Finally, we propose a public "zoo" of labeled datasets and pre-trained ML models for data prep tasks to act as a community-led repository for further research on this problem.


Dexamethasone is a fluorinated steroid and a synthetic member of glucocorticoids. It is an approved medication for inflammatory and allergic disorders. Also, it is clinically used in high doses to manage pain associated with metastatic osteolytic lesions. Furthermore, it has a wide array of side effects, particularly at high doses and after prolonged consumption, like; hypertension, hyperglycemia


During a time of stagnating budgets and rising journal costs, Central Washington University's Brooks Library evaluated and added a popular print magazine collection and worked with faculty to eliminate redundant and low-use resources. The process of identifying the need, researching, evaluating, and gaining student input for popular magazines to be added to a recently opened coffee shop is addressed first. Secondly, the systematic approach the library used to identify journal titles received in multiple formats and low-use/high-cost resources then worked with faculty to change access models to realize a net savings is discussed. Throughout, insights are provided into the processes used to identify titles for possible elimination and the methods used to develop a popular magazine collection. Adding a Popular Magazine Collection


Conclusions and Summary.
1. Many insect muscles are composed of parallel, non-tapering fibres with little connective or tendinous tissue to influence the forces measured during rest and activity. This applies to the three muscles used here: (a) the dorsal longitudinal depressor of the hindwings of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal); (b) the dorsal longitudinal abdominal muscle of the same insect; and (c) the dorsal longitudinal wing depressor of the water beetle Hydrophilus piceus L. (=Hydrous p.). The relevant morphological data are given in Table I and figures 3 to 6.

2. Both types of flight muscles are much less extensible (passive stretch) than other striated muscles but, in locusts, the static modulus of longitudinal elasticity is of the same order of magnitude (about 8 kg. cm-2) as in the abdominal muscle and in frog muscle.

3. The sarcolemma is present as a tough membrane in locust muscle; slight squeezing of the stretched fibres produces empty sarcolemma tubes. In the flight muscle of Hydrophilus the sarcolemma, if present, has no mechanical strength compared with that of the fibrils.

4. In contrast to frog muscle, the breaking force of the empty sarcolemma tube is several times less than that of the intact locust fibre. In spite of its reduced sarcolemma, Hydrophilus flight muscle exerts a considerable resistance to passive stretch. In insect muscle, therefore, the content of the fibres is responsible for the major part of the resistance to passive stretch.

5. The resistance to stretch must either be due to passive-elastic elements inside the fibre and parallel to the non-elastic contractile elements, or the contractile system must be elastic even in the non-active state.


AJPHERD regrets the error in the article titled, "The effect of an eight-week training programme on core stability in female junior elite gymnasts" published in AJPHERD Supplement (June 2011), pp. 9-19, by S.H. Basset and L.L. Leach, which is now corrected as follows: S.H. Basset and L. Lloyd Leach.


The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important example of the clinical relevance of microbial biofilms: the ability of this microbe to form sessile, multicellular communities is thought to play a major role in catheter infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and chronic lung


The recent editorial by Dr. William Splinter (1) made interesting reading. I would like to add that we in Mumbai, India have been using halothane as the main stay in all our operative laparoscopic surgeries and procedures. We have conducted over 700 cases in the last 2 years and have not had any cases of cardiac arrhythmias. We used the Ohmeda Aestiva machine for anesthesia and standard modern monitors. Isoflurane was used only in patients with previous cardiac problems. We also calculated the average cost incurred by us for the same showing that halothane is a much cheaper and reliable alternative. The expenditure (2) incurred by us per case is $0.50/h. Thus halothane is not only cost-effective and efficient, but also feasible. We would like to add that halothane is still the gold standard for cost-effective maintenance of anesthesia, although sevoflurane has taken a giant leap in the development of anesthesia for day surgery.


This article follows the trajectories of gluten in the context of Coeliac disease as a gastrointestinal condition managed by lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Oriented by the concept of gluten as an actant (Latour), I engage in an analysis of gluten as a participant in volatile relations of consumption, contact, and contamination across coeliac eating. I ask questions about biomedical knowledge production in the context of everyday dietary practices alongside two current scientific research projects developing gluten-degrading enzymes and gluten-free wheat crops. Following the new materialisms of theorists like Elizabeth A. Wilson, Jane Bennett, Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour, I approach gluten as an alloy, an impure object, a hybrid assemblage with self-organizing and disorganizing capacity, not entirely peptide chain nor food additive, not only allergen but also the chewy, sticky substance that gives pizza dough its elastic, malleable consistency. Tracing the trajectories of gluten, this article is a case study of the tricky, slippery capacity of matter to participate in processes of scientific knowledge production.


Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA CBGs) is case-mix payment system using software grouper application. INA CBGs consisting of four digits code where the last digits indicating the severity level of disease cases. Severity level influence by secondary diagnosis (complications and co-morbidity) related to resource intensity level. It is medical resources used to treat a hospitalized patient. Objectives of this research is developing decision support system to predict severity level of disease cases and illustrate INA CBGs rate by using data mining decision tree classification model. Primary diagnosis (DU), first secondary diagnosis (DS 1), and second secondary diagnosis (DS 2) are attributes that used as input of severity level. The training process using C4.5 algorithm and the rules will represent in the IF-THEN form. Credibility of the system analyzed through testing process and confusion matrix present the results. Outcome of this research shows that first secondary diagnosis influence significant to form severity level predicting rules from new disease cases and INA CBGs rate illustration.


This paper examines the concept of acquired knowledge ("ilm al-ÍuÎËlÊ) in the discourse of Muslim scholars in relation to the reforms made by many Muslim scholars and thinkers such as al-ShÉfi"Ê (d.204/820), al-GhazÉlÊ (d. 505/1111) and al-DihlawÊ (d.1176/1762). Al-ShÉfi"Ê contributed much to this field with his classification of knowledge into two categories, 'ilm al-'Émmah and 'ilm al-khÉÎÎah. Al-GhazÉlÊ, who developed "ilm al-mu'Émalah and al-mukÉshafah, suggested a method of revivification (iÍyÉ') in order to integrate the sciences of acquired knowledge. Al-DihlawÊ developed and classified knowledge into "ilm al-ÍuÌËrÊ and al-ÍuÎËlÊ, and suggested the concept of taÏbÊq in reforming acquired knowledge. Their discussions on the reformation of acquired knowledge have paved the way for modern scholars to derive concepts for the integration of human knowledge.


In the era of globalization and the rapid development of technology, online games or entertainment in the form of online games and in the form of multimedia, have become games that are fun and in demand by many people. Online games have their own charm that is addictive or addictive. The tendency to play online games is what will have a negative impact on users, especially among students. This phenomenon is very influential on the academic value of a student. The amount of time that is wasted so that you can play online games makes study schedules and school assignments that should be done by students at home to be neglected. This research method uses quantitative research methods and questionnaires as a means of collecting data. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of online games on learning motivation of class XII students of SMK Plus Darusurur. The results of this study indicate that many students in class XII have online games and their academic scores are below the average score.


This paper presents a high-frequency boost type ZVS-PWM chopper-fed DC-DC power converter with a single active auxiliary edge-resonant snubber in load stage, which can be designed for power conditioners such as solar photovoltaic generation, fuel cell generation, battery and super capacitor energy storages. Its principle operation in steady state is described in addition to a prototype setup. The experimental results of boost type ZVS-PWM chopper proposed here, are evaluated and verified with a practical design model in terms of its switching voltage and current waveforms, the switching v-i trajectory and the temperature performance of IGBT module, the actual power conversion efficiency, and the EMI of radiated and conducted emissions. And then discussed and compared with the hard switching scheme from an experimental point of view. Finally, this paper proposes a practical method to suppress parasitic oscillation due to the active auxiliary resonant switch at ZCS turn-off mode transition with the aid of an additional lossless clamping diode loop, and reduced the EMI conducted emission in this paper.


Calcium sensing receptor (CaR) biogenesis requires endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control, which includes a conformational checkpoint. Gain‐of‐function CaR mutants (lower EC50 for extracellular Ca2+) were unaffected while loss‐of‐function mutants (higher EC50 for extracellular Ca2+) were stabilized by proteasome inhibition, suggesting the ability to achieve the activated conformation at ambient ER [Ca2+] may influence susceptibility to proteasomal degradation. As an independent test, an allosteric activator and allosteric antagonist were used to promote the active and inactive conformations of wild type CaR, respectively. Overnight culture in NPS R‐568 increased expression of wt CaR while NPS 2143 had the opposite effect. NPS R‐568 and NPS 2143 differentially regulated maturation and cell surface expression of wt CaR, directly affecting maximal signaling responses. NPS R‐568 rescued expression of loss‐of‐function CaR mutants, while NPS 2143 decreased the stability of gain‐of‐function mutants. NPS R‐568 treatment of some loss‐of‐function mutants increased plasma membrane expression and signaling. Disorders of calcium homeostasis caused by CaR mutations may in part be due to altered receptor biogenesis independent of receptor function. Allosteric modulators of CaR therefore regulate signaling, but also modulate receptor expression.


The University of Washington is building two different animal PET imaging systems-one optimized for mice and one for larger animals. To support both of these systems, our laboratory is designing and building a data acquisition system based on the IEEE 1394a (Firewire) serial bus standard. This bus standard currently allows up to 63 devices per bus with an overall bandwidth of 400 megabits per second transfer rate. The acquisition system is based on a layered electronics design (analog, digital, and transport) for each detector module. The analog card processes signals from the photomultiplier tube (4 to 64 signals depending on the scanner system). The digital board includes circuitry to digitize the analog signals, latch a clock word used for determining coincidence timing, and logic for a coarse timing window. The digitized data is then latched into the Firewire transport card which adds the detector module number and type to the data block. All of the data is collected event by event (list mode) with a Macintosh computer. Initial analysis indicates that the expected count rates for our animal systems can be accommodated with a Firewire based system. The current design makes no assumptions about the geometry of the system. The different scanner designs can all use the same transport card and only require different analog and digital cards as needed for the number of signals being processed. The advantages of a data acquisition system based on the 1394a standard include considerable flexibility in the design of animal PET imaging systems and taking advantage of inexpensive, but powerful desktop computers with a consumer interface that has been developed for high speed data transfer.


This article examines the Twitter feed of @WinnieMandela (purportedly the official profile of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela), in particular the trend that sees iconic portraits of her being shared by her admirers on meaningful days, such as her birthday. A notable practice on the feed is the regular sharing of historical images of Madikizela-Mandela, tweeted by some of her 69,000 followers, often on her birthday. Juxtaposing these images are current photos tweeted from her own account as well as those shared by fans who meet her and take pictures together. The article presents a visual typology of the narratives of womanly identity that are captured in the historical portraits of Madikizela-Mandela that fans share. The analysis is contextualized within scholarship on gender and politics, the representation of women politicians in the media, and the use of social media by politicians. The article theorizes the fan photo-sharing on Winnie Mandela's Twitter feed as a process that partially constructs her public image in opposition to negative mainstream media coverage. It concludes by reflecting on what an attachment to nostalgic images of Winnie Mandela mean in the current moment in South African politics, as well in relation to communication on social media.


● Introduction. ● 1. Creation and Restoration. ● 2. Christ in Genesis 1. ● 3. Two Trees. ● 4. The Fall. ● 5. The Fall, continued. ● 6. The Fall, concluded. ● 7. Cain and Abel. ● 8. Cain and Abel, continued. ● 9. Enoch. ● 10. Noah. ● 11. The Flood. ● 12. Noah a Type of Christ. ● 13. The Typology of the Ark. ● 14. God's Covenant with Noah. ● 15. Noah's Fall and Noah's Prophecy. ● 16. Nimrod and the Tower of Babel. ● 17. The Call of Abraham. ● 18. Abraham and Lot. ● 19. Abraham and Melchizedek. ● 20. Abraham's Vision. ● 21. Abraham and Hagar. ● 22. Abraham at Ninety and Nine. ● 23. Abraham at Gerar. ● 24. Abraham "the Father of us all." ● 25. The Birth of Isaac. ● 26. The Offering Up of Isaac. ● 27. The Man Isaac. ● 28. Isaac Blessing His Sons. ● 29. The Man Jacob. ● 30. Jacob at Padan-Aram. ● 31. Jacob at Padan-Aram, continued. ● 32. Jacob's Departure from Haran. ● 33. Jacob at Mahanaim. ● 34. Jacob at Peniel. ● 35. Jacob Meeting Esau. ● 36. Jacob at Bethel Again. ● 37. The Sunset of Jacob's Life. ● 38. Jacob's Prophecy. ● 39. Jacob's Prophecy, continued. ● 40. Joseph As a Youth. ● 41. Joseph Betrayed by His Brethren. ● 42. Joseph in Egypt. ● 43. Joseph's Exaltation. ● 44. Joseph the Savior of the World. ● 45. Joseph and His Brethren, Dispensationally Considered. ● 46. Joseph and His Brethren, Evangelically Considered.


Deepundercooled tissue water, which froze near-40C,wasfound in winter collected stemandleaftissue ofthedominant timberline tree species oftheColorado RockyMountains, Engelmann spruce (Picea engebnannii (Parry) Engelm.) andsubalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), andinnumerous other woodyspecies inandbelow thesubalpine vegetation zone. Previous workonnumerous woodyplants indicates that deepundercooling inxylem makesprobable a-40Cwinter hardiness limit instemtissue. Visual injury determinations andelectrolyte loss measurementsonstemtissue revealed injury near-40C associated withthe freezing ofthedeepundercooled stemtissue water. These results suggest thatthewinter hardiness limit ofthis woodyflora isnear-40C.The relevance ofdeepundercooling inrelation totimberline, theupper elevational limit ofthesubalpine forest, isdiscussed.


Fluctuation of upright posture during quiet human standing, called postural sway, includes important information about the underlying postural control system. That is, size and temporal pattern of the sway change in a complex manner depending on individuals, age, and severity of movement disorders. One way to understand mechanisms of such changes is to consider a dynamic system model of postural control, in which mechanical dynamics of the standing body are stabilized by neuro-muscular controllers. The intermittent feedback control model, proposed by the authors, is one of such promising models. In this study, we assimilate the intermittent control model to human postural sway data based on the approximate Bayesian computation that utilizes a set of summary measures. Those measures are used to compute a distance between given two time-series data, the one acquired experimentally and the other simulated numerically by the model, whereby parameter values (a joint distribution of the parameter values)of the model are inferred so that the model could generate a simulated time series similar to the experimental data. Accuracy of the inferred parameter values depends on the summary measures used. Here, we examined several sets of summary measures to determine a good set of the measures that can estimate the parameter values as accurate as possible. To this end, we prepared simulated sway data from the model with different sets of the parameter values, and examined the summary-measure dependent accuracy of the inference.


Keywords: This article presents a control algorithm that solves the problem of motion synchronization for a system of three electro-hydraulic drives. The designed control system takes into account not only position errors for individual drive axes, but also synchronization errors with neighboring axes. The synchronization function for the control system, which takes into account the positioning errors of individual drive axes was specified. Experimental results on a 3-cylinder system were presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Integrated circuit packages are tested for component function before shipped to customers. The testing involves probing of the package leads with Pogo pins/spring probes having sharp-edge tips manufactured from harder BeCu or Pd alloys. The spring-controlled pins forced onto the pad surface penetrate the surface oxide layers to establish electrical contact with the metal underneath for assessment of test parameters. However, this also can lead to form scratch marks and pad cracks on the lead surfaces and achieving good contact with minimum damage to pad surfaces is important. Also pin tips tend to deform due to mechanical interactions with the package lead & wear upon continuous insertions. Since reliability testing over millions of insertions can be a very time consuming process, here's, an attempt to utilise simulation method/approach to quantify plunger pin insertion induced stress/strain at the pin-pad interfaces & evaluate variations in tip profile on probe and pad performance in a standard manner. This paper describes a non-linear contact analysis of spring-loaded palladium vertical probes with wedge & crown tip profiles insertion onto lead surface during package testing and evaluating penetration induced deformation, stress and strain at contacting interfaces of both probe tip and pad and compared with indentation measurements. The non-linear analysis involves Bilinear Isotropic hardening plasticity (BISO) elasto-plastic material and rough contacts in Ansys Workbench environment.


ABSTRACT

This article is part of a field study to describe and parse the root of internal communal conflicts in the Muslim community of jazirah Leihitu, Central Maluku. For decades, the conflict between Muslim countries is difficult solved completely. The study was started with a vision that emerged from the dream that the resolution of communal conflicts between Islamic countries in Maluku can happen completely and peace can be realized in a sustainable manner if the actors of conflict has always felt as a victim have been turned into survivors. In other words, the victim has to be part of the solution. The first step to realizing this vision is to unravel the roots of the conflicts that occur. The study was conducted using qualitative methods to approach the Sociology of Religion. Data retrieval research carried out from June to September 2015. The research data consists of historical data and actual conditions related to the communal conflict in the research sites. Historical data include recording the subject and the experience of events that have been published in both official documents and personal property actors in the field. Actual data includes the reality and the escalation of the conflict, the patterns and sociological-philosophical meaning will be revealed through interviews and observations participate. The study shows that various internal conflicts Muslims in the peninsula Leihitu, it can be concluded that komunall violence is something that is implicated in the domestic society of these kings. Some roots of the conflict that has been identified is kenalakan adolescents and the influence of liquor, the completion of which is not comprehensive and complete, problem history and customs, and legal settlement have not touched base value.


The invention discloses a telescopic-type connection device, which is arranged on a child car seat. The telescopic-type connection device comprises a fixed frame, control elements and a group of connection rods, wherein the fixed frame is installed in the base of the child car seat, the connection rods are slidably installed on the fixed frame and capable of stretching out and retreating in relative to the base, and linkage rods are connected among the connection rods; and the fixed frame is provided with a plurality of clamping parts along the stretching-retreating direction of the connection rods; clamping and fixing elements matched with the clamping parts are installed on the linkage rods; the control elements are installed on the linkage rods and used for controlling the clamping and fixing elements to be clamped with or separated from the clamping parts. The telescopic-type connection device can be used for adjusting the stretching-retreating lengths of the connection rods. The invention discloses the child car seat simultaneously.


The invention discloses one to relieve the effect of alcohol ferment and production technology thereof, described in the ferment that relieves the effect of alcohol adopt honey, flowers and fruits, mineral water to be raw material, add saccharomycete, acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria mixed culture fermentation form; Described flowers and fruits are: FI puerariae, the root of kudzu vine, trifoliate orange Dulcis, also comprise green papaya, banana, Kiwi berry, lemon one or more.The mass ratio of described honey, flowers and fruits, mineral water is 1.4:4:10.Material quality percentage in described flowers and fruits: FI puerariae 15-20%, root of kudzu vine 10-25%, trifoliate orange Dulcis 30%, remainder are one or several combinations of green papaya, banana, Kiwi berry, lemon.Ferment mouthfeel of relieving the effect of alcohol of the present invention is good, nutritious, with health role to human body, not only can be used for relieving the effect of alcohol, also can be used as daily health caring health.


As the United States energy infrastructure moves towards the integration of hydrogen energy, the reliable production of hydrogen through water electrolyzers is imperative. In proton exchange membrane water electrolyzes (PEMWE's), the porous transport layer (PTL) plays an important role. When choosing PTL material, one should consider corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and ability to support the structure of the electrochemical cell. Due to these requirements, titanium is the current state-of-the-art anode PTL material. However, titanium quickly forms a layer of titanium oxide which significantly decreases conductivity of the PTL and respectively decreases the overall efficiency of the PEMWE system. Coatings are commonly applied to the PTL to combat this complication, but the use of noble metals leads to cost concerns. Additionally, the degradation of coated PTLs is not yet well known.
 Advanced physicochemical characterization of PTLs at various stages of fabrication and testing is vital to understand their properties and the impact on electrochemical performance in order to improve durability and meet cost targets. Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) is currently used to cross section areas of the PTL for subsequent analysis with Scanning Transmission Electron MicroscopyEnergy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) analysis to visualize the elemental information of the PTL materials and PTL coatings, specifically looking at detrimental oxide layer formation. Unfortunately, this approach is time-consuming and difficult, motivating the development of alternative approaches that allow the characterization of wide sample sets more efficiently. Additionally, STEM-EDS analysis only provides elemental information, so if several oxide layers preside, it can be difficult to differentiate them. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) depth profiling is a very powerful technique that has been commonly used to characterize thin films and buried interfaces. Unlike the FIB-SEM and STEM-EDS combination, ToF-SIMS can be performed relatively quickly in several areas of the PTL, provides chemical information, and is sensitive to trace elements. An added advantage of ToF-SIMS is ability to do 2D and 3D chemical analysis on different scales. This enables visualization of elemental and chemical distribution on both larger scale (70x70 um) areas, and smaller areas (20x10 um) which provides more detailed surface and interface information. This allows for detailed tracking of all major constituents of the PTL and coating. It also allows to follow changes in oxide layers upon fabrication and after electrochemical testing, as well as track homogeneity of the surface and oxide layer interfaces throughout different parts of the PTL. This presentation will demonstrate capabilities of this technique for characterization of PTLs, along with progress and potential challenges. ToF-SIMs results will be compared to TEM analysis of cross-sections obtained with FIB-SEM. This study will highlight similarities and differences between the techniques, technique optimization for these morphologically challenging samples, and paths for future investigation moving forward.


The many prizes and honors awarded a writer may become meaningless in the course of history. Time often alters our view of a body of work. The trumpets of fame that once blew loud and clear may be muted, perhaps only to start up again years later. And the public, which often, but not always, slavishly follows the edicts of those who make literary judgments, sometimes turns its back, with a shrug, on the dictates of critics.


The utility model discloses a mould pouring control device which comprises a bracket, a connecting hole, a pipeline, a valve core, an opening/closing control block and heaters, wherein the connecting hole is formed in the front end of the bracket, the pipeline is connected to the rear end of the bracket, the valve core is arranged around the bracket and is fixed on the bracket, the rear end of the valve core is connected with the opening/closing control block, and the heaters are arranged on the outer sides of the pipeline. By adopting the manner, the mould pouring control device disclosed by the utility model has the advantages that the reliability is high, the blocking speed is high, the flow is adjustable, the structure is compact, the resin flowability is good, the convenience in use is realized, the adaptability is high, the noise is low and the like; meanwhile, the mould pouring control device has a wide market prospect in the market of injection moulds.


Reducing radiation exposures to as low as practicable is a principle that was first introduced in 1949. However, the recent controversy over the low-level effects of radiation has led the Department of Energy (DOE) to review its programs. One such review was conducted by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory to survey the implementation of the ALAP principle in the DOE laboratories. This report contains the results of that survey, performed in 18 major DOE installations. The DOE contractors were asked questions concerning the following eight major areas: management, operational health physics, design, dosimetry, instrumentation, training, risk/cost-benefit, and impact of the ALAP philosophy. The survey revealed several potential areas of concern, which are described in this report. These areas will be addressed in the forthcoming manual, A Guide to Reducing Radiation Exposures As Low As Practicable (ALAP).


. The COROT project, developed in the framework of the CNES small satellite programme with a wide European cooperation, will be launched in 2004. It is dedicated to seismology and the detection of telluric planets. It will perform relative broad-band photometry in visible light, during very long (150 days) observing runs in the same direction. Both programmes are working simultaneously on the same region of the sky. The seismology programme aims at mapping the HR diagram and study in detail 50 targets brighter than 9th magnitude. Another 50 will also be observed with a lower accuracy. The exoplanet programme will search for telluric planets slightly larger than the Earth, in the habitable zone and closer. Its data will also address many seismology problems.


The study was conducted to assess the impact of conservation agriculture practice on crop profitability in Bangladesh and to identify the determinants of adopting such practice. A total of 300 farmers (50 focal, 100 proximal and 150 control) from five districts (Mymensingh, Bogra, Tangail, Sherpur and Jamalpur) were selected. Focal farmers were selected purposively; and proximal and control farmers were selected randomly. Descriptive statistics like sum, averages, percentages and ratios were calculated to evaluate the socioeconomic data. Profitability of crop production was measured in terms of gross return, gross margin, net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR). Crop productivity was measured using the Enyedi's crop productivity index. The BCR of focal, proximal and control farmers were 2.58, 2.24 and 2.18, respectively. The crop productivity of focal, proximal and control farmers were increased by 0.5, 1.1 and 1.4 percent, respectively with respect to the entire region. Educational level of household head, farm size, farm income, extension contact and farming experience were found as significant factors through logit model that affect the adoption of this practice by the farmers. Input support, motivation, training programmes and extension services by different government and non-government organizations should be properly organized and implemented to raise the consciousness and enhance the knowledge of the farmers on conservation agriculture practice. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 101-112, June 2016


Fertility treatment is more than a medical need. It is the sole recourse for some couples to build a family, while contributing to society's population growth. Infertility is a disease affecting roughly one in six couples worldwide. Its effects can be devastating – producing feelings of isolation, anger and desperation. Treatments for infertility are increasingly successful, with live birth rates of 25–30% being recorded from one cycle of IVF in couples of normal reproducing age. Receiving a diagnosis of low fertility (or infertility) represents a significant life crisis for a couple and WHO estimates that some 60–80 million couples worldwide will require medical help in order to conceive. Infertility affects men and women equally (40% each), with both parties affected in a further 20% of couples. Low fertility is therefore both a male and a female health issue. A number of countries face an unwanted situation of falling birth rates. Europe has 22 of the 25 lowest-birth rate countries, thus the best estimates predict a lost of 41 million people by 2050 despite the current immigration rates. Fertility treatments can help to tackle this problem by enabling the sizeable part of those populations that would like to – but cannot – have children, to raise a family. Some countries invest resources to encourage people to raise a family but will not make state funding available for proven fertility treatments. On November 2004, a report commissioned by the Employment and Social Affairs Directorate General of the European Commission (Grant et al), evaluates the causes, consequences and policy options relating to low fertility rates across Europe, and calls for broader and more effective baby-friendly policies. Whilst noting the limited research-based information available to inform this debate it drew the following conclusions:


We demonstrate atomically resolved amplitude modulation ultrahigh vacuum dynamic force microscopy at room temperature. A feasible time response was obtained with 1.8MHz second resonance frequency of a commercially available silicon cantilever while keeping a high mechanical quality factor. Enhanced detection sensitivity due to small amplitude, high mechanical quality factor, and high resonance frequency enabled imaging of the Si(111)-7×7 surface at the attractive region. Three kinds of atomic contrast were obtained with same imaging parameters. Towards fast imaging, a constant amplitude shift image of 128×128pixels with atomic resolution was obtained within 4.75s.


The relationship between the intrinsic characteristics and the hydration properties of fly ash with high calcium oxide was studied through experiment in this research.The results show that there is low polymerization degree of silicate anions and high contents of free lime in fly ash with high calcium oxide,so it has high hydration activity,good water reducing effect,high early strength and big volume expansion in hydration.Because the crystal dimension of free lime in fly ash with high calcium oxide is smaller and the lattice distortion is bigger,the development of expansion in hydration of this fly ash is faster.It can be developed into an effectively supplementary cementing material for cement with some appropriate technical measures.


Aldehyde- or alkoxyamine-containing trithiocarbonate chain transfer agents were prepared and used to mediate the synthesis of a series of polymers end-functionlized with either aldehyde or alkoxyamines functions, utilizing reversible addition−fragmentation polymerization techniques. Aldehyde end-functionalized polymers were shown to link through reversible oxime bond formation with alkoxyamine end-funtionalized polymers forming diblock copolymers. The dynamic nature of the oxime bond linking these polymer blocks together was demonstrated through a simple exchange reaction with a small molecule alkoxyamine. A diblock copolymer prepared from the self-assembly of an aldehyde end-functionalized polyisoprene with an alkoxyamine end-functionalized polystyrene was shown to undergo further hierarchical self-assembly into micellar aggregates in DMF. It was shown that the addition of an excess of a small molecule alkoxyamine triggered the disassembly of these micelles.


Following publication of the above article in Health Care for Women International, an author who has previously published in our journal, informed the editors that a section of this article labeled "the Ecology of Household Work" is remarkably similar to her own work on "struggle in the context of household work" that appeared in Volume 26 of the journal. Our immediate investigation revealed that portions of the Jegen manuscript exemplify plagiarism. We therefore retract this paper.


Abstract Two main nonpharmaceutical policy strategies have been used in Europe in response to the COVID‐19 epidemic: one aimed at natural herd immunity and the other at avoiding saturation of hospital capacity by crushing the curve. The two strategies lead to different results in terms of the number of lives saved on the one hand and production loss on the other hand. Using a susceptible–infected–recovered–dead model, we investigate and compare these two strategies. As the results are sensitive to the initial reproduction number, we estimate the latter for 10 European countries for each wave from January 2020 till March 2021 using a double sigmoid statistical model and the Oxford COVID‐19 Government Response Tracker data set. Our results show that Denmark, which opted for crushing the curve, managed to minimize both economic and human losses. Natural herd immunity, sought by Sweden and the Netherlands does not appear to have been a particularly effective strategy, especially for Sweden, both in economic terms and in terms of lives saved. The results are more mixed for other countries, but with no evident trade‐off between deaths and production losses.


This study does an analysis of child labour, starting by a quick explanation about its historical background for a better understanding of your origin, characteristics and consequences, since the time when there was no minimum age for the performance of the tasks and even had the recognition as child labour. Is in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century that begins to establish its legal limits and only later recognized as fundamental rights and labour. An appreciation of the legal standards pertinent to child labour in Brazil is made on the basis of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 (CRFB/1988), the consolidation of labour laws (CLT), the Statute of the child and adolescent (ECA) and the International treaties and conventions. Such an assessment allows us to understand under the legal perspective as the development of public politics for the recognition of the minor worker, as well as the State does to protect him. The analysis show us a roundup of various faces that became a milestone in the history of such negligence, abandonment, and until nowadays it goes along, because the existence of the laws alone do not guarantee change. The analysis was made from the bibliography presented at the end of the work.


It's worth advocating practical education model in elementary school, with ABC classes developing intellectualresources, the credit system giving free rein to pupil's independence.


As online coding technology advances, various related products are emerging, but we observe that there are not many examples of introducing online coding into the field of theorem proving. We introduce Isabelle/Cloud, an online coding platform and user environment for the Isabelle theorem proving assistant. The primary objective of Isabelle/Cloud is to cloudify Isabelle using online coding technology, thereby addressing the issue of loading large projects. Leveraging the understanding of the Isabelle architecture, we have modified, replaced, and added some modules, encapsulated the Isabelle environment using containers, and developed the front-end and back-end. As a cloud platform, Isabelle/Cloud enables users to create a complete Isabelle environment with different versions that are isolated from each other, while providing basic cloud coding and theorem proving services. The current version integrates most of the popular Isabelle libraries with excellent tutorials and cases, enabling users to directly create projects from the tutorial code for practical exercises. Evaluation of the platform shows that Isabelle/Cloud performs better when dealing with large projects. The new platform opens up new possibilities for interaction and presentation, and it is currently in use.


ments such as that with B cell receptor inhibitors. So presumably, in the next few years, we may see a generalized implementation of several genetic mutations such as TP53 , NOTCH1 , ATM , SF3B1 , or BIRC3 , and a recovery of conventional cytogenetic studies being stimulated with mitogens. In a recent issue of Acta Haematologica , Peterson et al. [4] report the case of a CLL patient with clonal evolution after 8 years of follow-up, from a trisomy 12 and t(14; 18) (q32;q21) deletion (IGH-BCL2) observed at the time of diagnosis. During evolution, conventional cytogenetics in peripheral blood revealed 2 different clones associated with trisomy 12. The first clone (1 cell) had trisomy 12 as the sole abnormality. The second related clone (4 cells) had trisomy 12 and t(14; 18)(q32;q21), i.e., IGH-BCL2, and the third clone (13 cells) had trisomy 12 and t(2; 18) (p11.2;q21), i.e., IGK-BCL2. Unlike previously described CLL/small lymphotic lymphoma cases with double-hit translocations, in this case each BCL2 rearrangement was observed independently, thus illustrating clonal evolution and disease progression. Our group has recently published the results of 289 CLL cases harboring trisomy 12 as confirming the intermediate prognosis of this subgroup of patients. Of note, the patients with >60% of cells with trisomy 12 had a More than 15 years ago, an Ulm study group reported that some of the genetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were an independent prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients [1] . These results were later reproduced by other authors, confirming that 17p and 11q deletions were linked to a poor prognosis; trisomy 12 to an intermediate prognosis; and 13q deletions, as a sole abnormality as well as in the absence of aberrations, considered as a marker of a good prognosis. FISH studies were therefore implemented to detect abnormalities in CLL, since conventional cytogenetics did not offer satisfactory results due to the low mitotic index of lymphocytes in vitro. However, again, it was a German group that demonstrated that incorporating stimulating techniques into conventional cytogenetics substantially improved the results of this test, being able to detect abnormalities in up to 80–85% of the cases [2] . In the light of these results, even though nowadays it is not a mandatory assay to perform at diagnosis, nor in successive progressions or relapses of the disease, some groups are using these techniques in routine clinical practice. Besides, different cooperative groups have recently reported that the presence of a complex karyotype is associated with a very poor clinical outcome [3] , which cannot even be overcome by new treatReceived: May 15, 2017 Accepted after revision: June 5, 2017 Published online: July 1, 2017


This book examines how characters in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana debate questions of justice. The epics depict discrimination based on social categories such as gender, varṇa, species, age, and disability, and important characters often support discrimination. But the epics also criticize oppression in two ways—first, philosophically, through debates, and second, practically, through characters whose actions demonstrate that discrimination is wrong. Many characters in the epics (including men and women from all varṇas and those later considered outside the varṇa system) repeatedly proclaim the principle of sameness (samatva). All bodies are made of the same matter and are vulnerable, all consciousnesses are essentially the same, and all categories constantly change, and are ultimately unreal. This book considers debates about friendship and the family, about the meaning or non-meaning of varna and gender, about male–female interactions and the questions of consent, sex-change, gender-crossing, disability, and masculinities. The dharmas of singleness, marriage, friendship, parenting, and rulership, especially in relation to violence and non-violence, are explored, and Yudhishthira's idea of complete non-violence is critiqued as impossible and undesirable. The book argues that kindness to animals is at the heart of the epics' idea of universal dharma. Non-cruelty to animals is a dharma available to all humans, regardless of status. Approaching the epics as bhakti texts, the book concludes with an extended study of how bhakta poets of all persuasions, from Kabir and Raidas to Jnaneshwara, Rahim, and Tulsidas, draw their philosophical frameworks and ideas from the epics.


Abstract A 47‐year‐old male patient underwent surgery for a 10‐cm adrenal cortical carcinoma. A large invasive adrenal mass was surgically removed en bloc with the right kidney and the lower lobe of the liver. Two months postoperatively, a 7‐cm recurrent mass developed in the right psoas muscle. After a partial response was achieved by irradiation (40 Gy) and high‐dose chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide) with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, the patient underwent surgery with a wide excision of the psoas muscle. Twelve months after the initial surgery, an 8‐cm rib metastasis developed and the patient again underwent surgery after a combination of irradiation (50 Gy) and chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide). The patient has been doing well without any evidence of recurrence for 5 years. Refractory or metastatic adrenal cortical carcinomas have been thought to be lethal, therefore, the present case provides support for multimodal treatments of refractory adrenocortical cancers.


This paper examines empirically the volatility-volume relationship implied by various market microstructure models which associate movements in prices and trading volume with information, dispersion of beliefs and trading motives. Our unique dataset allows to investigate whether di¤erent types of traders (members vs non-members, institutional vs individual) have a positive or negative e¤ect upon volatility. Our empirical results show that surprises in non-member investors' trading volume are positively related with volatility in most of the cases. These results are more reinforcing in the case of log-volume and generally consistent with existing theoretical and empirical evidence. As regards member investors, we primarily …nd that unexpected volume is positively related to volatility, providing further support for the argument that informed rational speculators exacerbate volatility especially when noise traders follow positive feedback strategies. Another result of our study is that the coe¢ cients relating the unexpected component of open interest with volatility are uniformly negative, implying that an increase in open interest during the day lessens the impact of a volume shock in volatility. Finally, when we allow for time-to-maturity e¤ects, non-member institutional investors are not associated with any movement in volatility while surprises in open interest are associated with more volatility towards the end of the contract life. Keywords: futures markets; range-based volatility; …nancial crisis; foreign investors; trading volume JEL classi…cation: C32, C52, G12, G15. I thank Menelaos Karanassos, Andrea Carriero and George Kapetanios for their valuable suggestions. I have also bene…ted from the comments given by seminar participants at Queen Mary University of London, University of York and Brunel University. *Address for correspondence: Aris Kartsaklas, Department of Economis and Finance, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK; email: firstname.lastname@example.com, tel: +44(0)1895267259, fax: +44 (0)1895269770.