Scattering characteristics of objects can be retrieved by characteristic basis function method(CBFM),then,new series of basis functions are built based on the eigenvectors,which can be applied to reduce the unknowns needed for MoM method.The method is appropriate for the analysis of finite periodic array problems.While,to consider electric ultra-large problems,it is still an incredible requirement of memory and CPU time to solve the matrix equations based on characteristic basis functions(CBFs),which is difficult for personal computer application.In this paper,a fast solver algorithm combined with CBFM and precorrected-fast Fourier transform(P-FFT) method is introduced,with which,memory and time can be reduced in a more extent,besides,the condition number of matrix function can also be improved.


We consider the problem of the first passage time T of an inhomogeneous geometric Brownian motion through a constant threshold, for which only limited results are available in the literature. In the case of a strong positive drift, we get an approximation of the cumulants of T of any order using the algebra of formal power series applied to an asymptotic expansion of its Laplace transform. The interest in the cumulants is due to their connection with moments and the accounting of some statistical properties of the density of T like skewness and kurtosis. Some case studies coming from neuronal modeling with reversal potential and mean reversion models of financial markets show the goodness of the approximation of the first moment of T. However hints on the evaluation of higher order moments are also given, together with considerations on the numerical performance of the method.


Solar radiation has been continuously measured in Estonia since 1950, but the recordings of longwave radiation began only about ten years ago. This paper presents the first description of the characteristic features of upand downwelling longwave radiation in the Baltic Sea region. In the radiation balance the longwave fluxes have an important role. In the annual totals of radiation incident upon the ground surface in Estonia, the longwave atmospheric downwelling radiation Ll exceeds the direct solar radiation Eg about three times, and this ratio has an essential seasonal run. In the total upwelling radiation Ll, the infrared part is still greater, up to 92%. Comparing the measured and calculated (according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law) hourly totals of Ll for snow (emissivity ε = 0.85) we found a good linear relationship (R = 0.96). However, the measured totals systematically exceeded the calculated values (on average by 18%). Dependence of the downwelling infrared radiation Ll on the near-surface water vapour pressure e is approximated by a power function (R = 0.73). This is in good accordance with the results of studies carried out at other geographical sites. The influence of clouds on the fitted power function is noteworthy. Separate analysis of the hours with full cloudiness of low clouds and the cloudless hours confirmed the validity of the power function. However, a difference was found in their parameters (for overcast sky the exponent b = 0.20, R = 0.91 and for cloudless sky b = 0.25 and R = 0.93).


When you learn to play an instrument – whether a piano, guitar, violin, trumpet, or drum – you simultaneously engage a large number of brain areas. These include areas responsible for sensation (hearing, touch, and vision), movement, and "cognitive functions" such as concentration, memory, reasoning, and decision making. Over years of training, these brain areas become better connected and you are able to learn and perform longer, more complex pieces.


The purpose of this note is to define and study weakly induced fuzzy topological spaces, a natural generalization of Weiss' induced spaces [9] and Lowen's topologically generated spaces [ 31. We refer to [8] as a general reference on fuzzy topological spaces. In Section 2 it is shown that fuzzy compactness, strong fuzzy compactness, and ultra fuzzy compactness are equivalent in the class of weakly induced spaces, and that every fuzzy compact Hausdorff space is weakly induced. Also it is shown that a fuzzy space X is an induced space iff X is a weakly induced space in which every constant map from X into the closed unit interval I is fuzzy open. In Section 3 it is shown that if X is a fuzzy space and BX denotes an ultra fuzzy compactification of X as defined in [7], then X is weakly induced iff BX is weakly induced. Finally, in Section 4 it is shown that the product of a family of fuzzy spaces is weakly induced iff each coordinate space is weakly induced. If F is a fuzzy topology on the set X, let F, denote the O-1 valued members of F, that is, Fc is the set of all characteristic maps in F. Then Fc is a fuzzy topology on X. Throughout the paper, if A c X, let pa denote the characteristic map of the subset A, that is, ,u~(x) = 1 if x E A and pA(x) = 0 if x E X-A. Define F,* = {A c X: p'a E FJ. The fuzzy space (X, F,) is essentially the same as the topological space (X, F,*). If f is a fuzzy set in X and x E X, then f(x) has been refered to as the "grade of membership of x in f" [9]. Apparently with this intuitive idea in mind, Weiss stated the following heuristic principle [9]: If (X, 7) is a topological space and f is a fuzzy set in X, then we should regard f as "closed" if, whenever (x,} is a net in (X, r) and x, -+x, then x is at least as much in f as the elements x, eventually are, that is, lim sup, (f(x,)} (f(x). But, as Weiss observed, this is the condition that the function f be upper semi-continuous, that is, that the function 1 -f be lower semi-continuous. Weiss was therefore led to make the following definition: 634 0022~247>(/80/ I20634-06%02.00/0


ABSTRACT This article studies how Argentina's value-added tax (VAT) revenue has risen to historic highs since its 2001 sovereign default and continues to grow despite unchanged VAT rates, slow economic growth, stagnant household consumption, and low commodity prices after 2010. In 2015, VAT revenue accounted for one-quarter of all tax revenue in Argentina. We show that Argentina's banked population went from less than 41.6% in 2003 to 89.6% in 2016. Consequently, there was significant growth in electronic payments via credit cards and debit cards. Using time series regression, the authors show that the rising banked population and card growth is correlated with VAT-to-GDP increases from 2002 to 2015. The authors posit that one reason for these correlations is that some consumption is shifting from informal (harder to tax) markets to formal (easier to tax markets) as cash use declined and card use grew. Also, rising electronic payments likely explains improved VAT compliance as well—the Argentine VAT noncompliance rate averaged 36.4% between 2000 and 2005 but improved to 20.5% between 2006 and 2010 (Trigueros, Longinotti, & Vecorena, 2013).


Abstract Field trials were established on 2 North Otago toposequences to determine the patterns of sulphur (S) and phosphorus (P) deficiency, and to compare the effectiveness of agricultural grade elemental S (100% S), 'molten-mix' S-super-phosphate (MMSS, 27% S) and superphosphate (10% S) for establishment and growth of legumebased pastures over 3 years. S deficiency was severe at all sites. P deficiency ranged from nil to moderate on yellow-grey earths and was severe on yellow-brown earths. On yellow-grey earths, superphosphate and MMSS were markedly superior to agricultural grade elemental S as sources of S for plants. A minimum application rate of 200 kg/ha MMSS is suggested for legume establishment, on the basis of economic and agronomic criteria. Mean herbage production was much less on yellow-brown earths than on yellow-grey earths. The differences in effectiveness of the fertilisers for supplying S on the yellow-brown earths were not clear. Very high P applications were required to achieve maximum...


An aerial radiological survey to measure terrestrial gamma radiation was carried out over the United States Department of Energy's Battelle Nuclear Science Facility located in West Jefferson, Ohio. Gamma ray data were collected over a 5.5 km/sup 2/ area centered on the facility by flying east-west lines spaced 61 m apart. Processed data indicated that on-site radioactivity was primarily due to radionuclides currently being processed due to the hot lab operations. Off-site data showed the radioactivity to be due to naturally occurring background radiation consistent with variations due to geologic base terrain and land use of similar areas.


In early 2012 the Raspberry Pi was released in the UK with the intention of promoting basic computer science in schools. The Pi is a credit card sized computer board that has most of the same functionality as a desktop computer. Since the inception of the Pi there have been numerous other Single Board Computers (SBC), Beaglebone [4] and HummingBoard [17] are competitors with the same concept as the Raspberry Pi. Another competitor, Arduino [1], was even released some years prior. The number of competition is a clear sign that the popularity of SBC is on the rise. Along with the rise of these computers, Readily Bootable OS Images (RBOI) have been developed specifically for use with such devices. A notable RBOI example is Kodi, a home theater centre oriented OS. Other already existing OS Images have also found their way onto the SBC. Using online instructions a user can have the device up and running in a matter of minutes and with a few extra steps it becomes easy to enable remote access. Without proper attention to security such as setting up a custom login instead of using the default one, devices become more vulnerable, making it easier for attackers to find and infect them. Creating a botnet out of these systems for use in a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack could become more interesting for attackers as the number of SBC increases over time. Subsequently this paper proposes research into the potency of a botnet consisting of these devices executing a DDoS attack by performing an analysis of network traffic.


Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) is an intracellular water channel expressed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the kidney proximal tubule. Its gene disruption in mice leads to intracellular vacuole formation at one week old and the subsequent development of polycystic kidneys at three week old. As the damaged proximal tubular cells with intracellular vacuoles later form cysts, autophagy may play a role in their survival. We examined the autophagy activity before and after the development of cysts in AQP11(−/−) kidneys. We first observed an enhanced expression of LC3 gene (Map1lc3b) as well as other autophagy-related genes in AQP11(−/−) mice by quantitative PCR analysis. We then examined the formation of autophagosomes visualized by a green fluorescent fusion protein, GFP-LC3 in its transgenic mice. The expression of GFP-LC3 puncta was increased in the proximal tubule of AQP11(−/−) mice before the cyst formation. Interestingly, they were also observed in the cyst-lining epithelial cell. Further PCR analyses revealed the enhanced expression of apoptosisand ER stress-related caspase genes before and after the cyst formation suggesting that ER stress may have enhanced autophagy. We conclude that autophagy will play an important role in the development and the survival of the kidney cysts in AQP11(−/−) mice.


The aim of this paper is to discuss the cultural dimension of Spanish- Brazilian relations in the 1950s. Intend to analyze the cultural diplomacy actions taken by Brazil and Spain, showing how they fit within the context and the main objectives of foreign policy both countries.


In the light of a diverse body of disorganized usage measures available and the difficulty of building a cumulative research tradition, a literature review is conducted on system use in Information Systems IS Acceptance through the two main theories of Technology Adoption, the Technology Acceptance Model TAM, and The Unified Theory of Use and Acceptance of Technology UTAUT. The authors seek to understand how usage measures are being operationalised and proposed a preliminary classification of those measures that covers system and task aspects of use. A Q-Sort approach was taken to validate the authors' classification scheme and the result indicates high inter-rater agreement. The ensuing classification is meant to help researchers in their choice of system use measures. This review also summarises the arguments for a multi-dimensional measure of use and establishes that omnibus measure such as frequency, volume and use/non-use hold prevalence. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for further research in the area of system use.


The behavior of the dividend policy is the most deliberated issue in corporate finance. Many researchers attempt to expose the issue connected to the behavior of determinants of dividend policy, and dividend, no acceptable explanation was found. Therefore, the present research focused on analyzing the factors influence on dividend policy of Sri Lankan listed companies. This study was accomplished employing panel data measures for a sample of 120 companies listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange during 2015 – 2019. Secondary data collected from annual reports published by the Colombo Stock Exchange were regressed to find the influence on dividend policy. From the results, it was identified that the current earnings, free cash flows, and past dividend patterns have a significant positive influence on the dividend policy of companies listed at the Colombo stock exchange in Sri Lanka. Operating cash flows have a significant negative influence on the dividend policy of companies listed at the Colombo stock exchange in Sri Lanka. Findings will be benefited to the directors, top-level managers, shareholders, and potential investors for their decision-making.


Nonsurgical rhinoplasty may provide instant results without the downtime of surgery, but it's a technique that requires expertise and a strategic approach.


Rainy day funds are one of the primary tools that state and local policymakers employ to dampen the effects of downturns. However, since state business cycles are not perfectly synchronized, theoretically there should be risk-sharing benefits to governments who pool their fiscal resources over the business cycle. In this paper, we explore the issues associated with local government risk-sharing and provide estimates of the potential benefits to state governments. Our results suggest that a national rainy day fund would provide considerable fiscal benefits to state governments at a lower price than self-insuring through their own rainy day funds.


Photograph of Shay Youngblood, (left) a writer, visual artist, teacher and mentor, Annette Lawrence, (center) Professor of Drawing and Painting for the College of Visuals Arts and Design, CVAD, and Dorothy Bland, (right) Mayborn Dean & Graduate Institute Director. Photographed at the UNT 2015 Faculty Excellence Awards. Other guests are visible in the background. Musicians are visible in the left background performing.


Weighting and variance estimation are two statistical issues involved in survey data analysis for large-scale assessment programs such as the Higher Education Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy Assessment. Because survey data are always acquired by probability sampling, to draw unbiased or almost unbiased inferences for the populations, weights are required in making use of estimators such as a Horvitz-Thompson type. Variance estimation provides the basis for reporting errors. The weighting procedure generates weights based on statistical principles that are consistent with the sampling design. The estimation of the variance from survey data uses the delete-k jackknife resampling replicate (JRR) approach, which can be adapted for variant institutional sampling designs and for dissimilarity in institute conditions. To form clusters of k cases, a merge-dilute algorithm is proposed. The algorithm merges the cases of different groups into a queue and then allocates the cases of the queue to form homogeneous clusters of required sizes. The new algorithm is applied to the ICT sample from an institute taking the 2004 fall trial assessment.


Abstract This paper deals with nearly inviscid, capillary–gravity, modulated waves parametrically excited by monochromatic horizontal vibrations in liquid containers whose width and depth are both large compared with the wavelength of the excited waves. A general linear amplitude equation is derived with appropriate boundary conditions that provides the threshold acceleration and associated spatiotemporal patterns, which compare very well with experimental measurements and visualizations. The primary instability is associated with a pair of complex Floquet multipliers that are close to (but strictly different from) −1, meaning that the instability is not strictly (2:1) subharmonic. The resulting (quasi-periodic) waves are generally oblique, not perpendicular to the vibrating endwalls. The extension of the theory to other confined systems such as vibrating containers of arbitrary shape and vibrating drops is also considered.


In order to mouce the diesel performance forecast more accurate, a multi-zone quasi-dimensional model including the evaporation and combustion of fuel has been developed to estimate the properties of fuel with the effects of bumping and firing to air entrainment considered. The good agreement between theoretical and experiment a results show the correctness of the model in simulating the working procedure of diesel.


The nature of experiences, that is the nature of emotions and their function, is briefly touched upon. No distinction is made between a healthy and non-healthy negative emotional experience. Normalisation and validation of negative emotions are mentioned but the book does not explain that this is a key element of group interventions like MBCT and MBSR. To put group interventions like MBCT together with individual approaches like ACT under one umbrella called "ABBT" requires further discussion, which this book does not offer. A paragraph on the evolutionary value of emotions and their functional unhelpfulness in case of an emotional disorder would have been essential to hammer home the ingenious concept of experiential avoidance. I am somewhat concerned that various meditation techniques, often drawn from MBSR or MBCT, are taken out of their carefully designed original context and are presented as a technique that can be just "read out" to the patient. The theory underlying MBSR and MBCT is that the therapist is a meditation practitioner who, to some degree, embodies and models the paradoxical intervention of "changing experience by not trying to change it". This is contrasted with the ACT approach of making this skill accessible in a more psycho-educational way. ABBT is trying to integrate therapy approaches that could be seen as incompatible (e.g. MBCT and relaxation). The chapter on valued action, drawn from ACT, is strong. In conjunction with the selfmonitoring sheets provided, they add to our understanding of the importance of values and valued action in behavioural and emotional change. Any CBT practitioner will benefit from learning more about how to integrate a discussion about values into their therapy. Overall, this book is of value to learn about a third wave approach towards emotional distress: to find out that our relationship with our emotional experience may be impaired and to develop a different way to relate to the internal universe. Unfortunately, the book is not as practical as it claims and I struggled to get into it. It is of use to the CBT practitioner who tries to expand his or her skill base into third wave techniques without having to develop a personal meditation practice. The debate between more behavioural approaches like ACT as a "fast track" into de-fusion, or as Teasdale calls it, meta-cognitive awareness, and the more long-winded meditative route, as found in MBCT, remains unresolved. The authors leave it up to research evidence to decide this debate. Until then, we may have to live with the fact that there may be many, sometimes apparently mutually exclusive paths to the holy grail of meta-cognitive awareness and de-fusion.


In this article, we provide commentary on the 'state of play' of inclusive education in the United States. We focus on the promises and limitations of inter-related accountability- and market-driven policies and Response to Intervention ( RTI) ( Vaughn and Fuchs, 2003). We argue that these policies and practice have 'hopscotched' their way through inclusive education reform, hopping over core tenets of the inclusive education movement. We propose policies and practices that have a strong commitment to inclusive education and that aim at debunking the myth of the normal child and school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Faces of Intention is a fine collection of essays covering Michael Bratman's work on intention and agency between 1992 and 1998, along with four critical reviews published between 1983 and 1998. In his introductory chapter, the only previously unpublished essay in this volume, Bratman outlines the broad themes which influence an expansion of his "planning theory of intention." According to the planning theory, intentions are "elements of stable, partial plans of action concerning present and future conduct" (p. 2). Plans are revocable, of course, and so in order to understand intentions we must understand how it is that one comes to be now committed to later action once one has settled on a plan concerning one's future conduct. Having focused on the nature of intention and basic features of agency in his 1987 book, Intentions, Plans, and Practical Reason (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), Bratman here turns his attention to forms of responsible and shared agency in order to further develop his account. The broad themes which influence his work are neither explicitly discussed nor defended in the essays that follow, a feature of this collection which detracts somewhat from its overall force. He sees agency as embedded in planning structures which are themselves valuable as a means of attaining an agent's chosen ends, and thus avoids the need to appeal to any substantive conception of the good. He takes no stand on whether practical reason itself commands specific ends or moral constraints, but he does hold that any account of agency owes explanations of both responsible and shared intentional agency. Adherence to what he describes as a modest, non-mysterious, theory of the will has the consequence that interpersonal commitments and obligations are not derivable directly from the study of practical reason, but require a further investigation into moral philosophy.


A method of controlling the amount of a liquid shower flow introduced onto a slurry mat such as a pulp mat which is undergoing incomplete liquid separation on a vacuum filter drum. The flow rate of the liquid being discharged with the slurry mat is determined by a capacitance measurement which is taken after the slurry mat has passed to a point on the filter means where liquid separation no longer occurs. The shower flow is controlled by a correlation of the flow rate of the liquid in the slurry mat with the rate of slurry mat transfer from the vacuum filter drum and the necessary liquid shower flow as expressed by a dilution factor. The present control system may be combined with secondary apparatus to measure the flow rate and thickness of the total slurry mat in order to determine by correlation the slurry mat consistency, the rate of solid material production from the slurry mat and the amount of air contained in the slurry mat.


rubida sp. nov., which have strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria1\ The complex consists of seven components; mycinamicins I (1), II (2), III (3), IV (4), V (5), VI (6) and VII (7)2~4). During the search for new antibiotics from the fermentation broth of mycinamicinproducing strains, we have discovered a new minor component designated mycinamicin VIII (8). Recently, the same product has been obtained in much higher yield from the fermentation ofa mutant strain C-7-1, isolated during on going mutagenic studies of M. griseorubida sp. nov. In addition, this mutant was found to accumulate protomycinolide IV (9)5). These compounds (8 and 9) are considered to be key intermediates in the biosynthesis of the mycinamicins. In this communication we describe the isolation and identification of the new metabolite, compound 8, which provided definitive information about the biosynthetic pathway from protomycinolide IV (9) to mycinamicin IV (4).


Clonidine is widely use as premedication in pediatric patients and has many beneficial effects in the perioperative period. The introduction of population pharmacokinetics in the 1980s has proven useful when performing pharmacokinetic studies in children to circumvent previous limitations with traditional pharmacokinetics. The aim of the current thesis was to further study the pharmacokinetics (PK) and the pharmacodynamics (PD) of clonidine in the pediatric perioperative setting. Population pharmacokinetics: In Study I PK-data after a clonidine bolus of 1-2 microg•kg-1 in 41 children were pooled with data from 4 published studies. A population PK analysis of clonidine time–concentration profiles was undertaken using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. The aim of this study was to clarify population PK in children. Clearance at birth was 3.8 l•h-1•70 kg-1 and matured with a half-time of 25.7 weeks to reach 82% of the adult rate by 1 year of age. The relative bioavailability of epidural and rectal clonidine was unity (F = 1). In Study III the aim was to estimate the bioavailability of oral clonidine. Clonidine plasma concentrations in 8 children after oral clonidine 4 microg•kg-1 as premedication undergoing adenotonsillectomy were analysed. PK parameters were calculated using nonlinear effects mixedeffects models. Current data were pooled with data from 2 published intravenous studies. The oral bioavailability was found to be 55.4% (CV 6.4%; 95% CI 46.9-65.4%). Nasal administration: In Study II the aim was to explore the absorption PK of clonidine nasal drops in children. Plasma levels from 9 children after clonidine administered as nasal drops 4 microg•kg-1 were analysed. Plasma PK following administration of clonidine nasal drops showed a considerable interindividual variability and absorption was delayed and limited. A nasal aerosol increases the spread of the drug in the nasal cavity, thereby optimizing the possibility for enhanced and rapid absorption as well as circumventing any possible first-pass effects that can be associated with oral drug administration. In Study IV the onset time of preoperative sedation after clonidine administered as a nasal aerosol was evaluated using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design including 60 patients receiving placebo, 3-4 microg•kg-1 or 7-8 microg•kg-1 respectively. At 45 min, adequate sedation was seen in 65% of the patients in both clonidine groups. Safety: One of few limitations with clonidine is its association with reduced heart rate. The aim of Study V was to investigate the incidence of bradycardia in children premedicated with either oral or intravenous clonidine as compared to children not receiving pharmacologic premedication. On arrival to the operating room heart rate was recorded. 1 507 patients were included in the analysis of which 685 patients did not receive any premedication (Group 0), 305 patients received iv Clonidine (Group CIV) and 517 patients were given oral Clonidine (Group CPO). 1 in Group 0 (0.15%; 95% CI: 0-0.81%), 0 in Group CIV (0%; 95% CI: 0.00-0.98%) and 5 patients in Group CPO (0.97%; 95% CI: 0.31-2.24%) were observed to have a HR of < 85% of the 1st centile. Conclusions: Clearance is reduced in neonates and infants. It is recommended to reduce the doses of clonidine in this age-group. Oral bioavailability of clonidine in children is reduced as compared to adults. Our results suggest that it would be necessary to administer at least twice the intravenous dose orally to get a similar effect of clonidine in children when compared with intravenous administration. The absorption of clonidine as nasal drops is low and clonidine administered as a nasal aerosol did not improve the onset time of preoperative sedation. Nasal administration of clonidine as drops or aerosol cannot be recommended if an onset time ≤ 30 min is desired. The incidence of bradycardia following premedication with clonidine in a pediatric population is very low. Hence it does not appear rational to refrain from using clonidine as premedication in children only due to the potential risk for bradycardia. Inlaga.indd 3 8/10/2014 7:08:54 PM 4 List of publications This thesis is based upon the following papers, referred to by the Roman numerals I–V. I. Potts AL, Larsson P, Eksborg S, Warman G, Lonnqvist PA and Anderson BJ Clonidine disposition in children; a population analysis. Pediatric anaesthesia 2007; 17: 924-933. II. Almenrader N, Larsson P, Passariello M, Haiberger R, Pietropaoli P, Lonnqvist PA and Eksborg S Absorption pharmacokinetics of clonidine nasal drops in children. Pediatric anaesthesia 2009; 19: 257-261. III. Larsson P, Nordlinder A, Bergendahl HT, Lonnqvist PA, Eksborg S, Almenrader N and Anderson BJ Oral bioavailability of clonidine in children. Pediatric anaesthesia 2011; 21: 335-340. IV. Larsson P, Eksborg S and Lonnqvist PA Onset time for pharmacologic premedication with clonidine as a nasal aerosol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Pediatric anaesthesia 2012; 22: 877-883. V. Larsson P, Eksborg S and Lonnqvist PA Incidence of bradycardia at arrival to the operating room after oral or intravenous premedication with Clonidine in children. Manuscript. Inlaga.indd 4 8/10/2014 7:08:54 PM


© 2017 Heart India | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow In this issue of "Heart India," we are publishing two original research articles and five case reports. Minimal access mitral valve surgery (mini‐MVS) approaches are becoming increasingly common. They are thought to be associated with less perioperative bleeding and postoperative pain, resulting in shorter hospital length of stay and faster return to daily activities. However, there are concerns that this approach may have inferior surgical results in elderly patients with resultant increasing in morbidity and mortality when compared with conventional MVS . In the first original research article by Sanjay et al have concluded that mini‐MVS is safe and feasible with excellent outcomes in the elderly. The world has observed a changing pattern in mortality as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a leading cause for mortality.[1] About two‐third of CVDs are due to ischemic heart diseases, largely apportioning deaths of low‐ and middle‐income countries of South Asia. In the second original research article, Kumar et al. have assessed a change for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its risk factors in a rural cohort of a northern state of India. Authors of this study have concluded that the recruited cohort observed a slow rise in the development of known risk factors for CVDs such as obesity, systolic hypertension, and blood sugar, but without overt manifestations of AMI warranting surveillance of risk factors for CVDs.


Aim To analyse the clinical characteristic of breast milk jaundice and brain injury caused by hyperbilirabinernia. Methods On the base of the control group, the simodtang, simida and marmi were added to the treatment group.Results The tangible results ratio of the treatment method was 24%. The total ratio was 98% and was significantly higher in the treatment group than that in the control. The secondary action was not obviously on the treatment group. Conclusion the treatment of breast milk jaundice by simotang, simida and marmi are efficacious and safe and rapidly lower the serum bilirubin level and treament time can be shortened.


Hume's moral philosophy is a sentiment-based view. Moral judgment is a matter of the passions; certain traits of character count as virtues or vices because of the approval or disapproval they evoke in us, feelings that express concern we have about the social effects of these traits. A sentiment-based approach is attractive, since morality seems fundamentally to involve caring for other people. Sentiment-based views, however, face a real challenge. It is clear that our affections are often particular; we favor certain persons over others. This poses a problem when it comes to determining the proper content of morality. The ties of sentiment would seem to be in tension with the aspirations of morality toward impartiality and universality. To be sure, some sentimentalists reject a conception of morality as impartial and universal. But no serious sentimentalist believes that we should understand


Monazite is a phosphate mineral, considered an essential source of light rare-earth elements (REE). The present work sought to evaluate different methods of solubilization of REE through the use of different concentrations of inorganic acids (H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3) and organic acids (citric, oxalic, and lactic) in mild conditions at room temperature. According to the results, the inorganic acid solutions favored the solubilization in order of Ce3+, La3+, Nd3+, Pr3+, and Sm3+ elements, while organic acid solutions only favored the solubilization of Ce3+ and La3+. Nitric acid was the more efficient leaching agent for the first group. In the case of organic acids, lactic acid solubilized Ce3+, while mixtures of lactic and citric acids appeared to solubilize La3+.


With a long history and profound cultural deposits,Huaiyang cuisine wins great popularity.Present legislation doesn't ensure protection powerful enough against the counterfeit Huaiyang cuisine repeatedly coming up in recent years.This deficiency can be made up by specialized legislation of geographical indications which provide overall and effective protection for Huaiyang cuisine.As a result,it is in urgent to put Huaiyang cuisine into protection of geographical indication.


Whereas the 'raw' experience of live sound events is often quite far removed from the 'cooked' auditory imagery that is presented when live acoustical events are amplified by a sound reinforcement system, there are many audio signal processing tools that can be applied in the attempt to simulate the more natural auditory characteristics of live ('unplugged') musical performances. This paper builds a discussion of perceptual results of modern acoustical treatment and sound reinforcement technology based upon notions from Levi-Strauss regarding what modern culture does to the 'raw' to make it 'cooked'. A key concept in evaluating the quality of a sound reinforcement system is that of the standard of reference against which the perceptual results can be compared. As there is no shared opinion nor well-established optimal acoustical character for a space upon which some consensus could be built, the question presents itself again and again. This paper will address related issues of reference, preference, and adequacy in sound reinforcement.


The invention discloses a medicine for detoxifying. The medicine for detoxifying is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of croton, 50-60 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, and 42-55 parts of cortex lycii radicis. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: drying croton, radix sophorae flavescentis and cortex lycii radicis, and crushing into powder, uniformly mixing in the ratio above, and encapsulating to obtain the medicine. The medicine disclosed by the invention is used for detoxifying clinically, and obvious in effect on liver ascites, bacterial enteritis and constipation, has the characteristics of being good in efficacy and low in side effects, as well as is used for treating 2100 clinical cases, capable of achieving an average effective rate of 98.7% on liver ascites, enteritis and constipation, and convenient and fast to medicate.


The electrical and optical properties of the defect traps, with and without annealing, in InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) emitting at 1.3 µm are investigated by capacitance-voltage (C-V), deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and photoluminescence (PL). When increasing the InAs thickness to 3 ML, an abnormal temperature dependence of the C-V characteristic was observed in the triple-stack InAs/GaAs QD sample. This temperature dependence is attributed to the defect levels at 0.39 and 0.54 eV observed in DLTS. The level at 0.39 eV, found in the top GaAs barrier, is probably related to the relaxation-induced dislocations. The level at 0.54 eV is found close to the QD region. Rapid thermal annealing can reduce the concentrations of both levels. Comparing with PL result, which shows a blueshift of 140 meV and linewidth narrowing in the QD emission by annealing at 800°C, the level at 0.54 eV is speculated to be strain- or relaxation-related defects in the interface between the QDs and the barrier. Removal of this level by high-temperature RTA is important since this level lies close to the QDs and influences the optical quality of the QDs.


Whilst democracy and human rights are fundamental values that are promoted by the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child, the European Union and the Constitution of the United States, there is an absence of research studies that examine what democratic and participatory practices might look like at the level of everyday practice in early years settings. Child initiated pedagogies young children's collaboration with teachers and a genuine and shared exchange of ideas between children's and adults' world – relate to the broader, global educational goals and aims as well as typically local school policies.


Salinity is one of the major obstacles to increasing crop productivity. Some of the most severe problems in soil salinity occur in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Besides these regions, salinity also affects agriculture in coastal regions and areas affected by low-quality irrigation water. The germination phase is the most important and sensitive phases in salinity tension. Salinity by reducing of water potential and special poisonous ions such as: Na+, Cl- and reducing of its necessary nutrition calcium and potassium has negative influence on seed germination. Plants have many behaviors against with salinity indicating. Osmoregulation in plants is one of the effective and meaningful mechanisms against with salinity stress. Proline and hydroxyproline in structural proteins are clearly distinguished from free proline, which serves to regulate osmotic adjustment. Proline transporter was highly expressed in the apical region of barley roots under salt stress. Plant, or algal, responses to salinity depend on PSII response to this stress and on the increased accumulation of zeaxanthin which is believed to be involved in the energy dissipation mechanism that protects the photosynthetic apparatus.


Thank you very much for downloading business intelligence solutions. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this business intelligence solutions, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop. business intelligence solutions is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the business intelligence solutions is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The footplate of the stapes can be visualized using modern pluridirectional tomography, but the results are variable. The crura of the stapes are visualized best using the Guillen view.


In this paper, we focus on the flat fading problem. The FH signal transmitted through a flat fading channel is analyzed. Then we investigate the application of the time-frequency based techniques in the detection of the faded FH signals without the use of diversity techniques. Time-frequency analysis based on SPW(Smoothed Pseudo WVD) method is introduced to analyze the faded FH signals. The performance of three types of time-frequency distributions is compared with each other.


Bacteria with lipolytic activity are widespread in the marine environment. These organisms can be used as a source of lipases with activity in unusual conditions such as low temperatures and high salinities. These characteristics allow them to be applied to several industrial processes and products including wastewater treatment and detergent production. In this context the lipolytic activity of bacteria isolated from deep-sea sediments of the South Atlantic was evaluated. Among the collection studied, two strains, Halomonas sulfidaeris LAMA 838 and Marinobacter excellens LAMA 842, were selected for further analysis concerning their growth and lipolytic activity in different temperatures and culture media. Both strains were characterized as mesophiles: H. sulfidaeris LAMA 838 grew best at 30oC, while M. excellens LAMA 842 showed a maximum growth rate between 20 and 25oC. Maximum lipolytic activity for both microorganisms was observed above 45oC, but only M. excellens LAMA 842 had lipolytic activity at low temperatures (5oC) as well. Considering the culture media employed, H. sulfidaeris LAMA 838 grew better in marine broth without Tween 40, while M. excellens LAMA 842 grew best in marine broth supplemented with Tween 40. Both organisms had maximum lipolytic activity in rich or minimal media supplemented with Tween 40. These results demonstrate the potential of deep-sea bacteria as sources of lipases and indicate conditions that may be used in their cultivation and for the production of industrially relevant enzymes. AbstrAct Gabriela Scholante Delabary1, Maria Carolina da Silva1, Cibele Silveira da Silva1, Letícia Zanatta Baratieri1, Thiago Meinicke de Melo1, Cesar Augusto Stramosk1, André Oliveira de Souza Lima1, Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva1,* 1 Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia (R. Uruguai, 458 Centro, Itajaí SC, 88302-901)


[eng] Central Securities Depositories (CSD) play two roles in the national framework : securities ultimate custody and securities settlement (operating acting securities settlement systems -SSS). Now, the passage from a national space to a European domestic one, reveals overcapacities and interferences between the different actors (CSD, ICSD and global custodians) of this post-trade market. This article examines CSD's current functions and the manner in which they operate on a broader space. We put special emphasis on the « custody/authentification » function on which market confidence lies. We also raise the question of what institution is the most efficient in the new domestic area. We conclude that, whatever the solution, a strong impetus of the European dimension is needed (through a « domestic » CSD or a European Regulator). JEL classification : F36, G2, G28


Cloisite Na+was used as a solid surfactant (stabilizer) in Pickering emulsion polymerization
of styrene-co-butyl acrylate in presence of oil soluble initiator, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)
and water soluble initiator, potassium persulfate (KPS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectrum approved the corporation of Cloisite Na+ layers within the polymer matrix. Effect
of clay content was assessed on the particle size and polymerization rate for both kinds of
initiators. Reduction of particle size (nearly 100 nm) and enhancement of polymerization
rate (30% and 10% for formulation with KPS and AIBN respectively) was observed by
adding clay material to the blank recipe. Morphology of the particles was investigated by
SEM and TEM. Formation of armored latex particles (covered particles with clay layers)
with approximately 200 nm in diameter was proved via these micrographs. Furthermore,
exfoliated structure of nanocomposites was revealed by XRD for sample containing water
soluble initiator (ionic initiator) and oil soluble initiator. Impress of Cloisite Na+ structure on
Tg of synthesized copolymer (soap free systems) was investigated by DSC as large changes
was observed (approximately 10-15 °C). Effect of Tg on film formation of latexes was also
evaluated.


The research on public business governance of local government's based on performance evaluation is the new and significant study program, which can supply the theoretical support and foundation for making reform strategy of public business,supply feasible and convenient methods and implements for evaluating the performance of public business administration, and finally improve the governance performance of public business.It's the urgent and principle question for this study program to discuss its objects, contents, key problems,research methods,studying train of thought and research characteristics from the macro aspect.


The QTLs, qBFR4-1 and qBFR4-2 confer field resistance to rice blast. The genetic locus controlling the resistance was mapped in a long arm region on chromosome 4 in the upland rice variety Kahei. The relationship between the level of blast field resistance and putative alleles at the qBFR4-1 and qBFR4-2 loci was analyzed using RFLP markers C600 and G271 that are the closest to each of the QTLs and by a field test for blast resistance among Japanese upland rice varieties. As a result, the upland rice varieties were divided into six varietal groups. Three major putative RFLP alleles (C600-a, C600-b and C600-c) were postulated at the C600 locus based on their fragment length, and the mean scores for blast field resistance of varieties with each allele were 2.81, 2.20 and 0.69, respectively. The C600-b allele was the most frequently observed in the Japanese upland varieties (46 %). Two major putative RFLP alleles (G271-a and G271-b) were postulated based on their fragment length, and the mean score for the resistance of varieties with each allele was 2.37 and 1.68, respectively. The varieties with the allele C600-c were the most resistant and the varieties with the alleles C600-c and G271-b showed the highest level of blast field resistance (0.58). On the other hand, the varieties with the allele C600-a and G271-a represented by the lowland variety Nipponbare showed the lowest level (2.98). These results suggest that the two QTLs for blast field resistance harbor two to three major alleles and that the levels of field resistance in upland rice varieties of Japan can be mainly assessed by the RFLP alleles tightly linked to the QTLs on chromosome 4. The RFLP markers used in this study seemed to be suitable for DNA marker-assisted selection of blast field resistance in rice breeding.


Islam is a Din in line with nature and the Holy Quran gives direction in all means of life whether it relates to social, politics, economics, religion, culture, entertainment, foods, dresses, human health etc. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) presented Himself as a practical example for whole mankind. He is the final ambassador of this prophetic chain from Allah Almighty. He is the prophet (S.A.W) who was described in detail in revealed religions. The question is that either the description of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) can we find in non-revealed religion, particular Hinduism? And what is the manuscript about Prophet Muhammad in Vedas, Upunshud and Paraan? So, it should be remembered that except of Bible, The Vedas, Upunshud and Paraan had a explicit narration about Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and some realistic Hindu scholars admit it. In this article, the description of Hinduism texts about our beloved Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) has been narrated and analysed in the light os Urdu seerat literature. The effort is made to prove, in this article, the description of these texts is for the prophet named Muhammad (S.A.W).


African population is increasing rapidly as expected. It impacts negatively on their economic development. To solve that, we refer to the entrepreneurship, a basic way to improve significantly and help African countries in general. Apart from its contribution to the literature review for future researchers, the objective of this study is promotional and motivational of self-employments. Chinese approach (that is a part of good and useful experiences for implementation in African societies) and African demands (in entrepreneurship) are the headlines on the present topic. This current research was made in Benin, and found out eight (8) types of entrepreneurial activities. Significantly, there is 38.9% interest on trading whereas 21.18% on services, both of which are attractive to the Beninese. The entrepreneurs' education backgrounds have shown three levels— vocational practitioners with non-degree (70%), the professionals and seniors executive (superior responsible) with universities degrees (30%). The younger (5.93%) entrepreneurs are under 25 years old. They are increasing after reaching 30 years old and get balance at 40, and later, decrease progressively. It is recommended to African governments to promote their scholars through more financial aids to the mass public in order to improve and contribute to the development of the continent.


Damper torsional vibration with a lubricant supply to a planetary gear that is configured with a transmission drive side, with at least one planet carrier, which is provided with at least one support for accommodating each planetary pinion which engages at least one internal gear, and a transmission element driven side, wherein one of the transmission elements has control means for spring elements of a damping device. The sun wheel is associated at least one lubricant supply, at least a part of its development extends in the extension of the planet wheel, flows into the area of support and which can circulate lubricant due to the pumping effect the planetary pinion rotating the same relative to other elements of the planetary gear.


A simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent was used as a dual catalyst and environmentally benign reaction medium for the bromination of 1-aminoanthra-9,10-quinone, eliminating the need for volatile organic solvents and concentrated acids like H2SO4 as solvents or catalysts. This simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent, easily synthesized from choline chloride and urea, is relatively inexpensive and biodegradable, making it applicable for industrial applications. The deep eutectic solvent was easily separated and reused without loss of activity, and thus provides a good alternative for industrial bromination of 1-aminoanthra-9,10-quinone.


The paper first analyzes daily returntime series of Chinese treasury bonds market from July 1 2004 to November 12 2004.And on the basis of that,the daily return time series are detrended.Then,a new metrical approach of distance by using the correlation of bond daily returns is proposed and the clustering analysis for the bond daily returns is conducted with the modified series of daily returns according to the new method.At last,the 17 bonds are classified into five categories by trading off between threshold value and hierarchical tree.The classification result indicates that the correlation of Chinese treasury bonds daily return does not evidently depend on their maturities,thus there may be an opportunity to arbitrage.


Many of today's processing plasma tools are operated at low pressures to achieve high etch directivity and reduce side erosion on the wafer. At these pressures electron-neutral collisions are rare and the electrons cannot gain energy through the ohmic heating process. Instead, the heating mechanism is attributed to a stochastic process between the electrons and the sheath electric field. Theoretical models of this stochastic process include the hard wall approximation and the pressure heating effect. The former is inconsistent with electron current conservation at the sheath, while the latter shows a difference in power absorption when electron loss to the electrodes is considered. This article examines the effects of electron current on a capacitive sheath by controlling this current with an additional dc bias on the electrode. Experimental and particle-in-cell model results for a low-pressure argon plasma are compared and presented. Results show that the electron power absorption is more effective when ...


The rural power networks play a very important role in the power network in China. The rural networks built in the old days are usually not standardized, and therefore, a lot of problems emerged these days. Such as, most of the transmission line is aged, the insulation ability of the transmission line degraded, the household voltage is relatively low, the distribution network line loss is very high, and so on. As the rural power network mainly distributes in the hilly and mountainous land, the altitude of the load points has an important impact to the location of distribution transformer. Meanwhile, because of the existence of the sag, the length of the transmission line is not a straight-line distance. Therefore, this paper modified the traditional optimization model used in the location of distribution transformer, introduced the line correction coefficient (α) which was connected with the sag, improved the line distance computational formula according to the altitude of the load points, and put forward the modified optimization model which is called M-TLOM. Then, an optimized location system of distribution transformer (DTLOS 1.0) based on the Visual Basic 6.0 was developed. The instance analysis indicated that, the modified model could reduce the loss of distribution network.


Tunisia faces major problems of unemployment or precariously employed. As in many countries, entrepreneurship has also found its way into higher education in Tunisia. It is often said here as elsewhere that the universities have a crucial role as potential drivers for a locally inspired and contextualised promotion of entrepreneurship. Today, the graduate business start-up support arrangements within the universities or at the public promotion agencies are strongly focused on the early stages of business launch. They neglect later support to overcome critical thresholds during business development and growth that contribute to ensuring longer term survival and business development. Also, the relationship between these support services within the various regions and the respective business communities is not well established. The local economic context varies between economically strong coastal areas and poorly developed interior regions. The lesson is that Tunisian higher education institutions can play an essential role in creating jobs for graduates and building a dynamic base of growth-oriented businesses if they recognise entrepreneurship promotion as a strategic objective and develop appropriate activities in close relation with their local economic context.


The article describes the concepts of sustainable development and the "green" economy as priority areas in modern science. One of the main conditions for "green" growth is the development of renewable energy. The article presents data from international analytical agencies about the using of renewable energy sources, as well as the results of world ratings of the development of renewable energy markets by country. Statistical data about the technical potential of renewable energy and its installed capacities in Russia are presented. The rapid growth of production and using of renewable energy sources in developed countries and the Russian significant lag in this area are shown. The reasons for this lag arediscussed.


Self-limited adenoviral infections are very common with the majority of infections resolving rapidly. Fatal complications may occur in severely immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of fulminant hepatic failure due to adenovirus in a 54-year-old man treated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There are no previous reports of this complication in conjunction with purine nucleoside therapy.


. The underground economy is an extensive, complex and omnipresent phenomenon. This is why one of the main goals of the scientists studying the area of the underground economy is to find the best methods to quantify this phenomenon. The article treats the issue of quantifying underground economy, examining the main methods of its estimation, and also looks at a number of researcher opinions related to this subject.


A method is presented for analysing the stock market's implicit assessment of relative strategic position in an industry. The market's overall perception of strategic position is obtained by comparing the value of future growth potential to that of the existing earnings stream for each company. More detail is extracted by using the quality and quantity of future growth, implicit in the relative value of future growth, as a measure of competitive position and product market outlook respectively. The method is applied to a sample of firms from the computer and data processing industry.


Stephen P. DiBartola, ed.,Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice (2nd edition), 611 pages, (WB Saunders), ISBN: 0-7216-7739-8, reviewed by Janet Aldrich, DVM.


The paper presents the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of the valence band (VB) and of the principal core levels (CL) from the (010) and (001) plane axes for the quasi-one-dimensional TlInSe2 single crystal. The XPS were measured with monochromatized Al Kfi radiation in the energy range of 0n1400 eV at room and 393 K temperature. The VB is located 0.6n 10 eV below the Fermi level. Experimental energies of the VB and CL are compared with the results of quantum mechanical ab initio calculations of the molecular model of the TlInSe2 crystal. The electronic structure of the VB and CL is described theoretically by quantum mechanical HartreenFock calculations. The surface and bulk atoms inuence the shape of the VB and CL, which is crystallographic plane dependent. The chemical shifts in the TlInSe2 crystal for the Tl, In, and Se states are obtained.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of monitoring visual function with flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) during orbital surgery.

METHOD
The visual function of 82 cases was monitored during orbital surgery with FVEP. Of these cases, the intraoperative and postoperative visual functions (IOVF and POVF) were compared.

RESULTS
Sixty-nine cases were successfully monitored. Sixty-seven cases obtained the accordance of IOVF and POVF, and there were false positive in 1 case and false negative in 1 case.

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative monitoring of visual function with FVEP can show the surgical injury of the optic nerve and unsuitable procedures, and decrease the surgical blind rate.


In the article the latest explorings of different approaches to activation of teaching and learning process in higher education are analysed. A majority of classes in institutions of higher education are taught in the traditional lecture mode. Many explorers point out that traditional lecturing does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive listening. Therefore they suggest different active learning techniques to actively engage students in more activities than just listening passively which can help to increase effectiveness in teaching and learning.


Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) represent 42% of jobs generated and 27% of GDP in Brazil. This relevance for an economy has aroused the interest of several authors for this type of organization. There are several SEBRAE's surveys that point out the problems of the MSEs that collaborate in its closure. The present research, in a totally opposite sense, seeks to understand the strategic activities of success that keep MSEs in operation. Thus, the objective of this research is to raise what MSEs do as they act to reach competitive advantage and survive in today's complex and volatile market. In order to achieve this objective, two methods were adopted: (1) a survey with a closed questionnaire for a first stage of the research; (2) a survey with a structured questionnaire and the use of the discourse of the collective subject for analysis. In order to do so, we selected Metalsul's members with more than five years present on local market and carried out a research based on the perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC): financial, customer, internal processes and learning and growth.
As results, the present research detected that the companies analyzed are not fragile and they are able to organize themselves to implement their strategies. The managers of these MSE's don't believe its essential to formalize strategies of all management activities and, also, they believe to be able to develop methods according to their need to analyze their efficiency and effectiveness. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to manage MSEs in a sustainable way with creative and appropriate activities.


As a result of the self-weighted economic policy a macroeconomic situation in a country was stabilized. In the structure of money earnings of population the stake of the earned incomes (70-80%) grew substantially. A situation in payment of labour is presently characterized by the stable height of salary.


This article analyses and comments on the sudden closure of the Department of Cultural Studies and Sociology (CSS) at the University of Birmingham in July 2002. The origins of cultural studies are delineated and its reception within and outside Birmingham University is tracked. The relation to sociology and its own 'cultural turn' is observed. Explanations for the closure of CSS — amidst the enormous popularity and influence of cultural studies – are sought in the ongoing stresses and strains influencing universities in the current era.


The authors would like to declare that the composition comprising KLK and ODN1a, an adjuvant used in the study was adapted from previous publications (ref. 30 and 31 in the paper) and does not represent the composition used by Intercell (owner of the intellectual property concerning IC31 and its uses) for their preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, for various regulatory and trademark concerns, as brought to our notice by Intercell, we would like to replace the term IC31 with the term ''KLK/ODN1a composition'' in our paper, i.e. IC31 should now read as ''KLK/ODN1a composition''.


Abstract In a microwave double-resonance experiment involving three rotational levels of propylene oxide perpendicular polarization of the pump and signal radiation was employed to prevent the higher-frequency pump radiation (24 GHz) from reaching the signal detector (11 GHz). For this purpose the independent cut-off characteristics of the TE10 and TE01 waveguide mode were exploited which depend only on the broad or small-face waveguide dimension, respectively.


The article discusses a hermeneutics of Pascal"s concept of "bien-penser" and the possibility of seeing it as the foundation of morality, particularly if one takes into account the autonomy of practical reason, in accordance with Kant"s ethics. The stoical background of Pascal"s proposition is understood in accordance with Modernity"s spiritual movement, whose great ethical challenge was the justification of morals in increasingly human and less theological terms.


The Affordable High Performance Computing (AHPC) project demonstrated that high-performance computing based on a distributed network of computer workstations is a cost-effective alternative to vector supercomputers for running CPU and memory intensive design and analysis tools. The AHPC project created an integrated system called a Network Supercomputer. By connecting computer work-stations through a network and utilizing the workstations when they are idle, the resulting distributed-workstation environment has the same performance and reliability levels as the Cray C90 vector Supercomputer at less than 25 percent of the C90 cost. In fact, the cost comparison between a Cray C90 Supercomputer and Sun workstations showed that the number of distributed networked workstations equivalent to a C90 costs approximately 8 percent of the C90.


Summary Hanmer, D. B., 1978. Measurements and moult of five species of bulbul from Mocambique and Malaŵi. Ostrich 49:116-131. The wing length, weight and moult of five species of bulbul, Blackeyed Pycnonotus barbatus, Sombre Andropadus importunus, Yellowbellied A. flaviventris, Terrestrial Phyllas-trephus terrestris and Yellowspotted Nicator Nicator gularis, are given for two localities in tropical lowland (Mopcia, Mocambique and Nchalo, Malaŵi). The characters identifying immatures and the length of time these are retained, are given with reference to skull pneumatization, retrapped birds and the breeding season, for Pycnonotus barbatus, Andropadus intportunus and Phyllastrephus terrestris. Weights are compared with some published for other parts of Africa. The months during which moult occurred are given. Duration and timing of primary moult and its relation to the breeding season, are given for Pycnonotus barbatus, Andropadus importunus and Phyllastrephus terrestris. The age at which immatures moult is...


Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of the use of the Rotating Knee Endo Model not only as a revision implant, but as a primary choice too.Method: It is a retrospective study of 73 patients who underwent primary total knee replacement (TKR) in 96 knees, during 1990–2001. The mean follow up is 5.6 years. The average age of the patients was 70.6 years (38 – 87 years), and 79.6 % were female. The indications for surgery were osteoarthritis in 66 knees, rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) in 10 knees and aseptic osteonecrosis of femoral condyles in 3 knees. Seventy-nine prosthesis were examined both clinically and with plain films. Fifteen patients died in the mean time and 2 others could not participate in the follow up. The pre- and post-operative evaluation based on the «The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee rating scale».Results: Fifty-eight knees were rated as excellent, 13 knees were rated as good and 8 knees were rated as fair. Deep venous thrombosis occured in 3 patients, non-fatal pulm...


The automatic identification technique for license plate location is an important technique in the intelligent transport system (ITS), while the license plate location is one of the key points of the license plate identification. This paper presents a simple and useful algorithm of license plate location named Gray scale difference location algorithm. Experimental results show that the results of this study can effectively locate plate and the results are obvious.


Problems and Purpose. A measurable physical exercise that follows the rules can improve physiological abilities. However, physical exercise that is not according to the rules, such as lack of recovery time caused by too frequent exercise, can increase the accumulation of free radicals in the body. In addition, the limited recovery time can also increase tissue damage to the muscles. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of differences in the frequency of physical exercise in one week on serum antioxidant levels and tissue damage.
Materials and methods. This study was experimental with a post-test-only control group design, with the sample being male Wistar rats. There were 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not given physical exercise. In experimental group 1, rats were given physical exercise 2 times a week. In experimental group 2, rats were given physical exercise 4 times a week. In group 3, rats were given physical exercise every day. Physical training was carried out for four weeks. Then, biomarkers of serum antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, GPx) and muscle tissue damage biomarkers (LDH, IL-6, and CPK) were checked.
Results. Physical exercise 4 times a week and daily without sufficient recovery time can significantly reduce serum antioxidant levels and increase muscle tissue damage (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Based on this study, physical exercise must be accompanied by sufficient recovery time to avoid decreased serum antioxidant levels and increased muscle tissue damage.


There were several physical and operational changes made to the NASA Glenn Research Center 8- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel during the period of 1992 through 1996. Following each of these changes, a facility calibration was conducted to provide the required information to support the research test programs. Due to several factors (facility research test schedule, facility downtime and continued facility upgrades), a full test section calibration was not conducted until 1996. This calibration test incorporated all test section configurations and covered the existing operating range of the facility. However, near the end of that test entry, two of the vortex generators mounted on the compressor exit tailcone failed causing minor damage to the honeycomb flow straightener. The vortex generators were removed from the facility and calibration testing was terminated. A follow-up test entry was conducted in 1997 in order to fully calibrate the facility without the effects of the vortex generators and to provide a complete calibration of the newly expanded low speed operating range. During the 1997 tunnel entry, all planned test points required for a complete test section calibration were obtained. This data set included detailed in-plane and axial flow field distributions for use in quantifying the test section flow quality.


s CD. BODINIER, J.-L., MENZIES, M. A., SHIMIZU, N., FREY, F. A. & MCPHERSON, E. 2004. Silicate, hydrous and carbonate metasomatism at Lherz, France: contemporaneous derivatives of silicate melt–harzburgite reaction. Journal of Petrology, 45, 299–320. BONADIMAN, C., BECCALUVA, L., COLTORTI, M. & SIENA, F. 2005. Kimberlite-like Metasomatism and 'garnet signature' in spinel-peridotite xenoliths from Sal, Cape Verde archipelago: relics of a subcontinental mantle domain within the Atlantic oceanic lithosphere? Journal of Petrology, 46, 2465–2493. METASOMATISM IN OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE 7


The SME's in Croatia's tourism industry also have to join the process of creation of their sustainable competitive advantage as a specific guarantee of their business future. A tourism industry product should not be observed separated from a tourist destination and vice versa. A tourist destination should have a steadily profiled, original tourism industry offer of its own, being competitive with regard to the similar tourist destinations, simultaneously implying that it is also directed toward the tourism industry consumers' competitive target market. Thereby, the establishment and development of clusters for the needs of the Republic of Croatia's tourism industry represents a proactive approach to the problem of continental economic resources and the tourism industry products' offer interconnection. The cluster-wise SME's formation and development model deserves a special attention, since the SME's are the most vital segment of almost any national economy, and the necessity of its operationalization in the tourism industry, especially in the tourism industry product formation, is indubitable. Pursuant to the conducted research conducted, the SME's in Croatia demonstrate a relatively high readiness level pertinent to the involvement in a cluster formation process.


As part of the Strindberg Festival held in Stockholm during May, 1981, the Stockholm Stadsteater presented a putatively polemical version of the play Fadren with the slightly reconstructed title Fadern instead. In the foyer of the theater the play's audiences encountered displays intended to reveal the socio— economic plight of women in Strindberg's day; during the performance they were faced with Laura cast as a harassed, hapless victim rather than an implacable vampire; and upon its conclusion they departed in contemplation of the final image of the daughter Bertha, who had stood at the edge of the stage in order to focus the director's entreaties: the scarred survivor of an unfortunate parental conflict, an innocent victim of yet another skirmish in the "battle of the sexes" in which the male (including by implication the author of the play) was primarily at fault. Neither Bertha nor her mother, nor apparently even her father, was meant to be aware of anything to do with that "psychic murder" ("sjalamo...


Introduction : neem leaf has potential effect as an antidiabetic, antimalaria, and anticancer. However, some studies prove the negative effects of neem leaf, than still need to done a toxicity test for the LC50 value and the effect of neem leaf on the liver as a detoxification organ. Toxicity tests were performed on juvenile zebra fish. The purpose of this study was to know the LC50 dose, effect of the MATC and LC50 dose of Neem Leaf Decoctation (DDN) on the number of hepatocyte necrosis of juvenile zebra fish. Methods: In vivo experimental laboratory research with control group post test only design to determine subchronic LC50 dose at 9 doses of DDN and calculation of hepatocyte necrosis in 4 groups (control, therapy, MATC, LC50) after being explained 15 days of juvenile zebrafish. LC50 data were analyzed using probit and number of hepatocyte necrosis were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney, significant if p 0.05) 19.53% compared to control. MATC and LC50 doses increased hepatocyte necrosis (p <0.05) 82.5% and 84.4% compared to the control group and 85.9% and 87.4% compared to the therapy dose group. Conclusion: Subcronic LC50 dose of the decocta of neem leaf is included in the category of almost toxic (409,736 mg/L). MATC and LC50 doses increases the number of hepatocyte necrosis of juvenile zebrafish


Conclusions Androgen sterilization results in the elimination of the multiphasic dose-response curve obtained with the OCD bio-assay for LH. The dose-response curve in the androgenized animals is highly reproducible, but the sensitivity of the assay is considerably reduced. The abolition of the multiphasic curve by androgen treatment suggests that endogenous LH release is responsible for the multiphasic type of response in the non-androgenized rat. A linear log dose-response relationship for LH is obtained between 0.0625 μg and 0.25 μg using a 5-hour assay time interval, and between 0.25 μg and 1.0 μg using a 7-hour assay time interval. This response is reproducible and is specific for LH.


Plasmas : They support new methods and become a tool for designers. Plasma technology will open completely new horizons to product development and process control in the coming years. From the surface coating of materials and the development of bio-artificial systems up to the disposal of pollutants at the end of a chain of chemical reactions, e. g. exhaust gases or FCCH, promising possibilities for highly advanced products and processes will be obtained from plasma assisted technologies. In addition, plasma technology will become a market with high growth rates, a circumstance which, in view of location problems, should be of particular interest to German enterprises.


Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and S. carpocapsae Weiser (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) at rates of 1, 5 and 20 million m−2 in peat pots and at rates of 1, 2.5 and 5 million m−2 in rockwool cubes were tested against the shore fly Scatella tenuicosta Collin (Diptera: Ephydridae) by applying the nematodes either preventatively 2 days before or curatively 9 days after, or both 2 days before and 9 days after exposing the pots and cubes to flies. Based on cumulative fly numbers that emerged from peat pots sampled weekly for 3 weeks, all application strategies with 5 or 20 million nematodes net-m−2, irrespective of species, reduced fly numbers by 61-96% as compared to untreated controls. High temperatures in 1 week reduced control efficacy to 30-35% in some treatments. In rockwool, maximum control efficacies of 83-84% were achieved by both species in the second week in treatments that had received two applications at the rate of 5 million m−2, but these did not differ significantly from the 69-75% efficacies achieved with 2.5 million nematodes m−2. The cumulative control efficacy over 4 weeks was only 46% at maximum. The lower control efficacy in rockwool compared to peat was due to rapid disappearance of nematodes from rockwool.


Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of shockwave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) plus antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) for the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm from infected root canals. Materials and Methods: thirty sound human single-canal teeth were chosen and standardized to have 12 mm of root length. The root canals were shaped and prepared by means of ProTaper rotary files. After sterilization of the teeth, the canals were inoculated with E. faecalis for 2 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into six groups (n = five) of control, ICG, ICG + 808 nm diode laser, ICG + SWEEPS, ICG + 808 nm diode laser + SWEEPS, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Following treatment, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL were calculated for each group. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, Tukey's test was used as the post hoc test. Results: NaOCl alone showed the highest efficacy (p < 0.001). The ICG + 808 nm diode laser + SWEEPS group displayed significantly lower amounts of bacteria than either the ICG + 808 nm diode laser or SWEEPS (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference detected between the ICG + 808 nm diode laser and ICG + SWEEPS (p = 0.035). Conclusions: SWEEPS can effectively increase the photosensitizer distribution in the root canal space, and its application along with irrigants can bring about promising results.


The reaction of phosphorus(III) halides with 6-substituted imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles in the presence of bases proceeds regioselectively and affords 5-phosphinoimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, useful synthons for the preparation of various P(III) and P(V) derivatives. 5-Phosphinoimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles are selectively alkylated at the phosphorus or heterocyclic nitrogen atom, depending on the alkylating agent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:648–655, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20166


Let $D$ be a finite simple digraph with vertex set $V(D)$ and arc set $A(D)$. A twin signed Roman dominating function (TSRDF) on the digraph $D$ is a function $f:V(D)\rightarrow\{-1,1,2\}$ satisfying the conditions that (i) $\sum_{x\in N^-[v]}f(x)\ge 1$ and $\sum_{x\in N^+[v]}f(x)\ge 1$ for each $v\in V(D)$, where $N^-[v]$ (resp. $N^+[v]$) consists of $v$ and all in-neighbors (resp. out-neighbors) of $v$, and (ii) every vertex $u$ for which $f(u)=-1$ has an in-neighbor $v$ and an out-neighbor $w$ for which $f(v)=f(w)=2$. The weight of an TSRDF $f$ is $\omega(f)=\sum_{v\in V(D)}f(v)$. The twin signed Roman domination number $\gamma_{sR}^*(D)$ of $D$ is the minimum weight of an TSRDF on $D$. In this paper, we initiate the study of twin signed Roman domination in digraphs and we present some sharp bounds on $\gamma_{sR}^*(D)$. In addition, we determine the twin signed Roman domination number of some classes of digraphs.


This research aims to develop a valid interactive learning media using the Lectora Inspire application related to the concept of motion and force in learning in junior high school. The research applies the type of research and development (R&D), using the ADDIE model until the development phase. The research instrument used was a validation sheet for the development of interactive learning media. The use of the validation sheet instrument has been validated by 3 experts to determine the validity of the media as a research data collection technique. Data analysis was carried out by converting the media validation sheet using a Likert scale to obtain quantitative data. Descriptive analysis used descriptive statistics as a data analysis technique. The results obtained in every aspect of design, pedagogy, content, and ease of use are at a high level and very high with a valid category. So that the interactive media for learning physics using the Lectora inspire application for motion and force material in junior high school has been valid and worthy to be used as a learning resource that can help students understand motion and force material.


The effect of raw materials type and content on the properties of clay–feldspar–quartz compositions was studied using the statistical design of mixture experiments. Based on wall and floor tile industrial practice, 10 mixtures of three raw materials were selected and processed. Characterization results were used to calculate statistically significant and valid regression equations, relating fired body properties with clay, feldspar, and quartz contents in the unfired mixture. Such statistical modeling is discussed against quantitative X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results. The glassy phase present was found to control the microstructure and the mechanical strength of the fired ceramic body.


Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder characterized by gestational hypertension and proteinuria. miR‐210 is significantly overexpressed in the placentas of preeclampsia patients.


The common rail electro-injector is the most complicated and important component in the common rail injection system of a diesel engine, whose configuration and performance determine the performance of the common rail injection. The work process of a common rail electro-injector involves the electromagnetism, mechanical dynamics and hydrokinetics, and there are coupling phenomena in these systems. This research deals with the development of a numerical tool for understanding operating condition of the electro-injector. The electro-injector simulation model was developed with MATLAB/Simulink, and consists of three subsystems: the electrical subsystem, the mechanical subsystem and the hydraulic subsystem. All functional parts of the electro-injector are modeled as modules that interchange via definite input and output parameters. The models simulate the electro-fluid-mechanical behavior of the injector. Validation against experiments has been performed. The model has been used to provide insight into the operating conditions of the electro-injector and highlight the application to injection system design.


New shade mitigation technologies are available claiming improved performance under shaded conditions. A typical multi-string photovoltaic (PV) system was operated under partial shading conditions with and without these DC-DC converters. Power loss was attributed to low irradiance on shaded modules, current mismatch within shaded PV strings, and voltage mismatch between parallel strings. Indirect loss from voltage mismatch contributed up to 40% of the total power loss from shading. A representative residential solar installation was evaluated for potential benefit from DC-DC equipment. Detailed shading site survey information was collected and used to modify a PV production model. Using various assumptions on the severity of shade in this PV model, the application of DC-DC converters improved annual modeled power production by 5%–10% and recovered 24%–48% of the power lost due to shading.


Locally embedded and trusted US health workers have gathered data, spread messages, and built strong, organized, community responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their outreach has been key in confronting disparities and mitigating even worse outcomes in our hardest-hit communities. The effectiveness of such community health workers is not just a lesson in addressing public health emergencies. It's also a lesson in preparing for emergencies in the first place—and taking on slower-moving health disasters, such as chronic disease prevention and management. Policy makers have a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take these lessons and crystallize them in a national Public Health Corps. Although national funding and structure are needed, the evidence shows that the workforce itself must be derived from the neighborhoods being served. When organized well, community health workers improve health outcomes and reduce health inequity. Across these neighborhood-based efforts, there are several common threads: identifying community concerns, risks, and causes of suffering; disseminating science-based information and promoting health literacy; generating health advocacy networks, particularly around racial equity; linking local knowledge with clinical expertise and public health surveillance; and creating a culture of disease prevention that acknowledges the social determinants of health. Such community-based initiatives are certainly not new, but the COVID-19 pandemic has imbued them with a renewed urgency. For example, Detroit's Community Health Corps, first announced in August 2020 and largely focused on meeting housing, food, and security needs, certified an initial cohort of 20 residents as peer counselors and case managers; they have already provided valuable assistance to affected residents. At the national scale, Gregg Gonsalves, PhD, MPhil, of Yale School of Public Health and Yale Law School, and Amy Kapczynski, JD, MPhil, MA, of Yale Law School, have called for a mass, federally funded jobs program even larger than the Works Progress Administration. President Biden's COVID-19 plan, which called for 100 000 new public health workers to perform culturally competent contact tracing and other outreach, represents a chance to leap forward with a Public Health Corps. The American Rescue Plan, recently passed by the Senate, includes $7.7 billion in funding for such workforce initiatives. Such investments could accelerate vaccination efforts; allow a more robust response to parallel pandemics, such as opioid overdoses and food insecurity; and provide much-needed jobs. Less tangible but no less impactful would be charging a replenished public health workforce with improving health by building social cohesion and trust.


This paper describes the design and measurement of a circularly polarised dual-band antenna panel as part of a low-profile Ka-band satellite user terminal antenna intended for truly mobile bi-directional emergency communications at 20 and 30 GHz. The compact antenna panel features interlaced radiating apertures for both operating frequencies, applying a double-layer partially reflective surface (PRS), and it offers high radiation efficiency due to its low-loss waveguide-feeding technique. The dual-band PRS with a physical aperture of 60 mm by 200 mm was implemented and tested. Numerical simulations and measurement results agree with each other and are presented in this publication.


The carbon isotope distribution pattern of alkane gases can be divided into three types: normal carbon isotopic distribution characterized by organic genetic alkane gas; negative carbon isotopic distribution characterized by inorganic alkane gas; reversal trend of alkane gas carbon isotope characterized by secondary modified gas. There exist both abundant primary coal-derived gases and oil-type gases in normal carbon isotope distribution and a lot of secondary organic genetic alkane gases in reversal trend of carbon isotope. There is no inorganic genetic alkane gas in primary negative carbon isotope distribution except for individual secondary modified negative carbon isotope derived from organic genetic alkane gases. The carbon isotopic reversal trend has four origins: 1) an admixture of gases from the same source but different stages or from different sources but the same types; 2) an admixture of coal-derived gas and oil-type gas; 3) microbial oxidation of some components of the alkane gases, and 4) an admixture of organic and inorganic alkane gases.


The rate of renaturation of fully denatured DNA is kinetically a second-order reaction. The reaction rate increases as the temperature decreases below T,t, reaching a broad flat maximum from 15 to 30°C below T, and then decreases with a further decrease in temperature. Let N be the complexity of the DNA or the number of base-pairs iu non-repeating sequences per virus or cell for the given DNA, and L the average number of nuoleotides per single strand of the denatured DNA preparation. Then, the second-order renaturation rate constants for all DNA's are given approximately by k2 = 3 x IO6 Loss/N 1. mole-l sea-l at (T,.26)% aud at ma+] = 1-O mole 1.-l in aqueous solution. The reaction rate increases slightly with the GC content of the DNA. The reaction rate at the temperature maximum (T,25)"C is inversely proportional to solvent viscosity, when the viscosity is changed by the addition of components which either have a small (sucrose, glycerol, ethylene glyool) or a large (NaClOJ effect on T,. It is proposed that the mechanism of the raaotion involves the joining of short, homologous sites on the two strands followed by a fast, reversible zippering reaction with forward rate constant kf. A computer analysis for this model explains the temperature and the GC dependence. To explain the viscosity dependence it is proposed that kf is inversely proportional to viscosity ; that is, the zippering remtion is hydrodynamically limited. Any simple theory predicts k2 N L/N; the observed LO.6 length dependence is attributed to an excluded volume or sterio hindrance effect, that is, to restricted interpenetration of the two complementary denatured DNA coils.


Northern blot hybridization, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and RNase protection assays were used to examine the expression of twoα1(IX) collagen mRNA species (long and short form) in developing mouse tissues. Furthermore, in situ hybridization was used to identify cells expressing the Col9a1 gene during eye development. The results indicate that during embryonic development eye and heart preferentially express the short form; lung and cartilage express the long form; whereas liver expresses a very low level of long formα1(IX) mRNA which can only be detected by RT‐PCR. In situ hybridization demonstrated that at 10.5 day postcoitum (d.p.c.), theα1(IX) collagen mRNAs were first expressed in optic cup (neural ectoderm) but not in lens vesicle (surface ectoderm). By 13.5 d.p.c., the cells that express theα1(IX) mRNA progressively were concentrated to ward the anterior part of the neural retina. By 16.5–18.5 d.p.c., the hybridization signals were found exclusively in the inner non‐pigmented layer of the presumptive ciliary epithelium. As ciliary epithelial cells become well differentiated 3 weeks after birth, cells expressing the Col9a1 gene were limited to the junction between mature ciliary folds and the neural retina. No hybridization signal could be detected in ocular tissues of mouse older than 6 weeks. It is of interest to note that a hybridization signal was not detected in cornea at the various developmental stages examined, suggesting that mouse cornea does not significantly expressα1(IX) mRNA during embyronic development. This differs from that of chick cornea development. In summary, the expression of the Col9a1 gene shows a temporospatial pattern throughout mouse eye development. It is suggested that the short form collagen IX may play an important role in eye development. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Understanding the action of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) is fundamental to improving the design process of a new outdoor shoe. Coming from the stated consideration, the aim of this research is to study the influence of shoe sole stiffness and terrain slope on the MTP joint angle of subjects walking in different conditions. To pursue this intent, different data collection sessions have been carried out in-vitro and in-vivo, indoor and outdoor. Two different approaches have been used to collect gait kinematics: an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) based system for the first campaign of tests, and a 2D video analysis for the second. Major findings showed a linear correlation between shoe sole stiffness and peak MTP joint angle during gait, as well as consistency in the value of the slope of the linear regression curves corresponding to the different conditions examined.


Raman scattering, photoluminescence (PL), and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) have been employed to investigate the effects of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on GaN films grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. The Raman spectra showed the presence of the E2 (high) mode of GaN and shift of this mode from 572 to 568 cm−1 caused by annealing. The results showed that RTA has a significant effect on the strain relaxation caused by the lattice and thermal expansion misfit between the GaN epilayer and the substrate. The PL peak exhibited a blueshift in its energy position and a decrease in the full width at half maximum after annealing, indicating an improvement in the optical quality of the film. Furthermore, a green luminescence appeared after annealing and increased in intensity with increasing annealing time. This effect was attributed to H concentration variation in the GaN film, which was measured by NRA. A high H concentration exists in as-grown GaN, which can neutralize ...


The processing of the seismic, logging and geological information is made according to seismic geological conditions of salt lake basin through multi dimensional predictive technique, which extracts seismic efficacious multi attribute information. By using many kinds of geologico physicsal model and with the help of multidimensional analysis geological prognostic objectives are defined, and prognostic evaluation of oil bearing features for salt lake basin. The application to salt lake basin indicated that multidimensional predictive technique could effectively reduce the ambiguous solutions of prognostic object, and obviously cut back wraps, which shows this is an applicable technique.


Phyllosilicates are extensively used as constituents of polymer-clay nanocomposites; in this connection, the estimation of thermomechanical properties of nanoplates is one of the key problems in this field. We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations for a single nanoplate of pyrophyllite: 2:1 clay mineral consisting of two tetrahedral sheets of SiO4 and an intervening octahedral sheet of AlO6. The considered model consists of one crystallographic cell in the Z-direction under periodic boundary conditions in the XY-plane. There were 1800 atoms calculated in the cell. Simulations were performed in the temperature interval 100 to 700 K using ionic-type potentials [1]. The mechanical properties of the nanoplate were calculated from the force-displacement curve obtained at slow rates of deformation. Using different types of loading, we calculated the full elasticity tensor and the estimated temperature influence on its components. The thermal expansion coefficients were also found in a wide temperature interval. It turns out that the elastic stiffnesses in the unidirectional tension and compression cases are practically the same for both ionicand covalent-type potentials [2].


Abstract: In the past three decades, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have made a huge breakthrough in both research and industry. At present, OLED technology is used in commercial applications such as displays for mobile phones and portable digital media players, car radios and digital cameras. The high light output of OLEDs means they are favoured in portable applications for readability in sunlight and their low power drain. These achievements show us the great charm of flexible electronics based on organic materials. All of these developments not only depend on the improvement of processing technology, but also on the in-depth understanding of the device physics and synthesis of new organic materials. The physical and chemical properties of the major material constituent of the OLED largely determine the final device performance. In the first half of this chapter, we consider the energy level of the molecule as a clue to the characteristics of organic semiconductors, including energy lever alignment for OLEDs and tuning of molecular energy level. In the second part, we discuss the photophysical behavior and thermal stablity of materials for OLEDs.


This research aims to improve Pakistan's present derailing state of freedom of speech. The study employs qualitative surveys and interviews to understand the dominant dynamics of free speech from diverse stakeholders. The survey, conducted in two provinces of Pakistan—Punjab, and Sindh, people have been given the right of freedom of expression but with certain limitations, i.e., "the greatness of Islam, law, and order, and national security." Many individuals, especially minorities, journalists, and human rights campaigners, are subjected to these restrictions. Exploitation seems clear in many cases, such as missing people and targeted murders. A detailed analysis revealed a pressing need to clarify ambiguity in several Constitutional articles to minimize exploitation. Furthermore, a thorough definition of freedom of speech must be established and disseminated to the general public not to misinterpret or disrespect other people's beliefs, views, and ideas. Keywords: Fundamental Human Rights, Media, Law, Freedom of speech, Freedom of expression, Pakistan, Army, Judiciary, Blasphemy, Constitution


Riehl's melanosis is a chronic, refractory disorder, which can adversely affect patient's quality of life. Intense pulse light, neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, hydroquinone, tranexamic acid have been reported to treat this disease, but there have been few reports on the effectiveness of other treatments.


Abstract In recent years, a programme for young children called Drag Queen Story Hour (DQSH) has risen to simultaneous popularity and controversy. This article, written collaboratively by an education scholar and a drag queen involved in organizing DQSH, contextualizes the programme within the landscape of gender in education as well as within the world of drag, and argues that Drag Queen Story Hour provides a generative extension of queer pedagogy into the world of early childhood education. Drawing on the work of José Esteban Muñoz, the authors discuss five interrelated elements of DQSH that offer early childhood educators a way into a sense of queer imagination: play as praxis, aesthetic transformation, strategic defiance, destigmatization of shame, and embodied kinship. Ultimately, the authors propose that "drag pedagogy" provides a performative approach to queer pedagogy that is not simply about LGBT lives, but living queerly.