Asset management is a branch of facilities management that is responsible for the operation and maintenance of assets. The most common means of managing assets and their life-cycle is through requests and work orders. A request is used to report an occurrence that is detected either by a sensory device, a technician, or non-technical personnel; they are used to pointing out that something is wrong in a given asset, and needs appropriate attention. Depending on the problem, a request can give rise to a work order if the solution is not trivial. Work orders consist in technical reports that specify the asset that needs intervention and has the details about the work to be done or, in the case that the work is unknown from the start, the characteristics of the malfunctioning. Work orders contain a set of words, free text, that are not restricted from a fixed set of vocabulary, making it difficult to automatically analyse them. In this paper, we discuss the application of modern Natural Language Processing techniques to process the work order's description, while presenting a comparison between two Word Embedding models - Word2Vec and Fasttext- through semantic similarity tests between the encoded words, and a visualisation of the vector space through dimensionality reduction of the encoded vectors. The results show a better performance of the Fasttext approach, considering the semantics of the results.


The global demand for green technology and energy efficiency is driving the development of a new intelligent agriculture with low-power consumption based on the Internet of things. This kind of Internet is constantly being used in intelligent agriculture. The new wireless network can work for a longer time with battery. In the life cycle of the application, it requires little or no maintenance. Therefore, reducing node power consumption becomes the difficulty and key point of the Internet of things. Because this system is a scientific research, which needs constant practice. We need to do experiments seriously and solve the problems timely. In this way, we can make an economical and practical intelligent agricultural monitoring system with low-power consumption based on the Internet of things to serve the agricultural industry.


The UK is widely perceived to be already relatively successful in the economic performance of its  edgling biotechnology activity. It has signiŽ cant numbers of specialist biotechnology start-up companies, and its major pharmaceutical companies are leaders in the development and application of the technology. Allied to this, its science base makes a major contribution to the underpinning knowledge base through activities such as the Human Genome Project. So amongst the key ingredients of UK success, then, are a pre-existing strong pharmaceuticals sector, effective capital markets and good universities. But other countries are also busy assembling these ingredients. Indeed, it could truly be said that the biotechnology sector is the Ž rst science-intensive set of industrial activities which has been truly globalized 'from birth'. The highly networked character of current biotechnology activity, coupled with the growing maturity of the information technology systems which can facilitate distributed working, creates a very positive framework for a genuinely global division of labour in biotechnology research and development (R&D). This is already evident in the behaviour of Ž rms in the USA and Europe. In the near future, countries with large populations, extensive arable land, constructive regulation and signiŽ cant scientiŽ cally skilled people may have comparative advantages in participating in this globalized division of labour. Biotechnology is similar to information and communications technology (ICT) in the sense that it creates many generic technology platforms that can change the possibilities for goods and services across a wide range of industries. We have seen this for ICT in telecommunications, entertainment, Ž nancial services, retailing and many other sectors. For biotechnology, the obvious targets are pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, agriculture, food, materials technology, environmental technology, sensors and so on. In terms of maturity, however, the biotechnology 'wave' of structural change in advanced economies is still in its early stages by comparison with ICT. Most of the economic effects are concen-


Space charge suppression is one of the key goals for the development of HVDC cable insulation. This study intends to reveal space charge suppression mechanism in LDPE based nanocomposites by numerical simulation and experiments in terms of the effect of trap characteristics. The simulation model takes into account bipolar charge injection, transport, charge trapping, recombination and extraction. Both the experiments and simulations clearly indicate that a dramatic increase in the deep trap density can result in remarkable bulk space charge suppression. The large number of deep traps introduced in the LDPE based nanocomposite by nanofillers should be responsible for its excellent space charge suppression effect. The simulation results indicate that the increase in the trap density shows much more remarkable space charge suppression performance as compared to the trap depth, while the increase in both the trap density and trap depth shows the most remarkable space charge suppression performance. A trap regulated space charge suppression model has been proposed indicating that the trap density and depth dominate space charge behavior via regulating the balance between electrode injection current and bulk conduction current due to its control on the rates of charge trapping and detrapping processes, control on the number and location of the trapped charges. The dramatic increase in the trap density and depth results in extremely low bulk conductivity and carrier mobility. A large number of the injected charges will be trapped immediately around electrode interface forming a thin trapped charge layer. The trapped charge layer will produce a strong opposite electric field and enhance the potential for charge injection, leading to a significant decrease in the injection current and finally a balance between the injection current and the bulk conduction current at a lower current level, resulting in remarkable bulk space charge suppression. In addition, high bulk conductivity due to lower trap density and lower trap depth can also contribute to space charge suppression due to the quick relaxation of the bulk space charges, though it will increase the leakage current.


Considering the semi-parametric surveying adjustment models. Firstly, the estimators of parameters and nonparametric are derived by using the kernel function and least square method. Secondly, discuss the approach of bandwidth choice in the semi-parametric surveying adjustment models. Finally, a simulated adjustment problem is constructed to explain this method. The new method presented in this paper shows an effective way of solving the problem; the estimated values are nearer to their theoretical ones than the adjustment method of least squares.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study seeks to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment for chronic pain patients in a primary care clinic METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Primary care patients aged 18 years and older with at least 1 pain condition for 12 weeks or more in duration will be recruited. Patients will be randomized into (a) ACT intervention or (b) control group. Participants in the ACT arm will attend 1 individual visit with an integrated behavioral health provider, followed by 3 weekly ACT classes and a booster class 2 months later. Control group will receive enhanced primary care that includes patient education handouts informed by cognitive behavioral science. Data analysis will include 1-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multiple regression with bootstrapping. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The overall hypothesis is that brief ACT treatment reduces physical disability, improves functioning, and reduces medication misuse in chronic pain patients when delivered by an integrated behavioral health provider in primary care. In addition, it is anticipated that improvements in patient functioning will be mediated by patient change in pain acceptance and patient engagement in value-consistent behaviors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This pilot study will establish preliminary data about the effectiveness of addressing chronic pain in a generalizable integrated primary care setting. Data will help support a larger trial in the future. Findings have potential to transform the way chronic pain is currently managed in primary care settings, with results that could decrease disability and improve functioning among patients suffering from chronic pain.


THE FORMULA OF SWINE VACCINE PATHOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY AND / OR REPRODUCTION OF PIGS, comprising at least 3 valences VACCINE polynucleotide each comprising a plasmid containing, to express LIVE in host cells, a gene from a VALENCIA PATOGENO SWINE, TO BE CHOSEN THESE valences BETWEEN TWO groups consisting VIRUS DISEASE Aujeszky SWINE fLU, VIRUS mystery swine disease virus, PARVOVIROSA virus, PESTIVIROSA AND RESPONSIBLE BACTERIA ACTINOBACILOSA, including plasmids for each VALENCIA, one or more genes selected from the group consisting of GB and GD FOR DISEASE VIRUS AUJESZKY, HA, NP, N FOR SWINE fLU, E, N, ORF3, M FOR VIRUS unknown disease, VP2 FOR VIRUS PARVOVIROSA, E1, E2 FOR VIRUS AND ApxI PESTIVIROSA, APXIL AND APXIIL FOR VIRUS ACTINOBACILOSA.


Business Process Management (or BPM) has emerged recently as one of the most prominent technologies in enterprise systems. Generally, BPM aims to provide business process modelling, enactment, and monitoring. BPM attempts to create general frameworks, which avoid the q particularly, providing process support for collaborative business processes that are characterised by autonomous processes, asynchronous business activities, and message-based process communication. This thesis is motivated by the requirement to build a new approach for BPM to tackle the challenges of collaborative processes. We propose to integrate Messaging Oriented Middlewares and Rule-based technology into a new so-called Harmonized Messaging Technology (or HMT). The HMT utilises a messaging mechanism empowered by rules for supporting collaborative business processes. In particular, the HMT is intended to bridge the gap between the communication-oriented approaches and rule-based approaches for process management. The technology considers the abstraction of the process logic and the automation of the process management through an ordered flow of messages. In this thesis, we propose a temporal first-order language, which is called Harmonized Messaging Calculus and forms the formal foundation for rules governing the business process execution in HMT. For verification purpose, we consider the correctness criteria for such HMT rules, which help to avoid inconsistencies and unexpected behaviour in executing HMT process models. In addition, this thesis will present the architecture of the systems, which manage business processes through HMT. The functionality of HMT in process modelling and enactment is also investigated. Finally, the flexibility of HMT process models in supporting the new functionality is discussed. We conclude the thesis with the indication of directions for future work, which focus on the issues related to the deployment of HMT. In particular, we raise issues in design interfaces, analysis tools, audit trail data, transactions support, and security.


There is a large range of human skin color, yet we know very little about the underlying genetic architecture. Is the number of skin color genes close to five, 50, or 500?


Maybe it is time I went back to Burma. Whenever I hear people talking about their variously amazing, delightful, wonderful visits to my native land (the latest enthusiast was a vintage car driver f...


Two new soft X-ray sources H0118 + 067 and H0630 + 82 have been detected with a low energy detector of the HEAO A-2 experiment. Short-period RS CVn-like binaries UVPsc and SV Cam lie within the error boxes of these sources and are proposed as the optical identifications for the two X-ray sources. The light curve of H0118 + 067, identified with UV Psc, indicates an X-ray flare event which commenced on 1978 January 11.6 and persisted until at least January 12.7. It is suggested that H0118 + 067 and the flaring X-ray source H0123 + 075, detected by the medium and high energy detectors of the HEAO A-2 experiment, may be the same object. The observed X-ray luminosity of the sources are in the same range as observed for other RS CVn binaries. The X-ray emission is probably of coronal origin.


One hundred and twenty children with acute uncomplicated malaria who were managed at the children's outpatient department of the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa (a unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile‐Ife, Osun state, Nigeria) were recruited into the study to determine the effects of lime juice on malaria parasite clearance. These children were randomized into treatment with World Health Organization recommended antimalarials (artemisinin combination therapy, ACT) either alone or with lime juice. Nine of them were lost to follow‐up, four were in the group that were managed with ACT and lime, and five in the group that were managed on ACT alone.


As the parts of a word the affixes of possession denote the relation of the noun to the person. The formal indices of this relation are the affixes, differing in persons in singular and plural. The core of the category under study is formed with the special formants (-m, -ym/-im, -um/-jum, -ng, -yng/-ing, -ung/-jung, -y/-ju, etc.), indicating not only the possession, but also the person and the number. Morphological means (affixation) is the main one for expression of possessive relations. Ordinary numerals, when used with affixes of possession, express the meaning of distinction and the affixes of possession in combination with some pronouns transfer them into nouns. Verbal nominal forms, nominal analytical formations, adverbial forms with the "extinct" possession affix of the 3rd person act as the forms of the category of possession. The use of possessive forms in the composition with nominal negation witnesses the complete covering by the category of possession of all the linguistic system. The lexical negation index togul "not" supplemented with the modal meaning of supposition is used in the construction with the nominal negation. The category of possession is the grammatical means for the designation of person in the constructions with participles. When using the participles substantively the category of possession can: a) express the person or b) be used as a part of izafat III.


The invention relates to a one step process for applying at least one metal layer on a substrate by a method for chemical deposition from the gas phase, with a substrate having a metal layer is coated by depositing a metal from a metal-containing precursor compound from a gas phase on the substrate, wherein dissolving the metal-containing precursor compound in an organic reducing agent, transferred to this mixture in the gas phase, wherein the metal is released from the metal-containing precursor compound by means of the organic reducing agent, the released metal is deposited on the substrate.


Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract infection in elderly and young patients,so as to provide basis for reasonable application of antibiotics.Method uSubjects were divided into elder(≥60 years) and young(20 to 59 years) groups.Clinical isolates were identified by API system and their drug resistance was tested by K-B method.The ESBLs-producing strains were detected by diffusion confirmed method.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 13.0 software.Result The percentage of fungi from elderly patients was significantly higher than that from young patients,with Candida albicans being predominant.The percentage of Gram-negative bacteria from young patients was significantly higher than that from elderly patients,with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being predominant.The drug resistance rates of major pathogens from elderly patients had an increasing tendency compared with that of young ones,but most of the differences was not statistically significant.ESBLs in Klebsiella pneumoniae from elderly patients were significantly higher than those from young patients.Conclusion The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract infection have some differences in between elderly and young patients.


Magnetic characteristics have been investigated for a magnetoresistive thin‐film sensor biased using a permanent magnet thin film. Here, Co‐Pt thin film is applied to the device as a bias film. Such microlithographed Co‐Pt thin films show the same magnetic properties as as‐sputtered films. Biasing strength depends on the permanent magnet film thickness, its composition or magnetic properties, and the biasing angle. The output of the sensor is very high.


A bacterial strain YN-8, capable o f utilizing nicosulfuron as sole carbon, was isolated from activated sludge collected from wastewater-treating system of a pesticide manufacturer. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. according to its morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis and the analysis of its 16 S r RNA gene sequence. This strain could degrade nicosulfuron in its 100 mg/L liquor medium, with degradation efficiency reaching 65.4% in 7 days. The optimum p H,inoculation and concentration for nicosulfuron degradation by strain YN-8 were 7.0, 5% and 100 mg/L, respectively. In the tested metal ions, Co2+and Ni2+could inhibit the nicosulfuron degradation rate. According to the analysis of the metabolites detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we proposed the following pathway of nicusulfuron biodegradation by strain: cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge and generate 3-(dimethylcarbamoyl) pyridin-2-ylsulfonylcarbamic acid and 2-Amino-4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidine.


Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), also known as Platts antelope, is an endangered species only found in China. It belongs to the Artiodactyla order, Bovidae family, antelope subfamily, and Gazella genus. In this study, 5 experiments were designed to examine the developmental potential of Przewalski's gazelle somatic cells transplanted into bovine enucleated oocytes. Enucleation was conducted by Hoechst 33342 staining of the oocytes and guided by a fluorescent microscope to ensure the removal of the nuclei. The gazelle cells were then transferred to the enucleated oocytes and electrically fused to reconstructed embryos. The study resulted in 5 major findings. (1) When gazelle-bovine reconstructed embryos were treated with the deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), at different concentrations and for different times, treatment of the cloned embryos with VPA at 0.5 mM for 24 h significantly increased the 8- to 16-cell-stage embryo development [61.9% (96/155) v. 33.8% (46/136) control]. However, the morula [1.3% (2/155) v. 1.5% (2/155); P > 0.05] and blastocyst (0.7% v. 1.5%; P > 0.05) development were similar to that of the control. In the intraspecific (bovine-bovine) control group, the cleavage, morula and blastocyst development of 3 cloned embryos were 72.6% (127/175), 28.0% (49/175), and 23.4% (41/175). (2) Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), as a developmental potential and expression marker, was transfected to gazelle cells. When Oct-4-eGFP-confected cells were transferred, the cloned embryo development did not improve either with or without VPA treatment. (3) When the gazelle-bovine embryos were treated with the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) for 24 h at 10 ng mL–1, blastocyst development was significantly higher than in the control group [3.6% (6/168) v. 0.8% (1/125); P < 0.05]. (4) When a reverse NT protocol, in which the oocyte nucleus was removed after the cell nucleus was fused to the oocyte, was used for NT, the cloned embryo development did not improve. (5) The gazelle-bovine and bovine-bovine cloned embryos at 8- to 16-cell stages, gazelle cells, bovine cells, and bovine oocytes transcriptomes were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray (Affymetrix Microarray Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) and repeated twice. A total of 643 genes were activated in gazelle-cattle embryos compared with oocytes, whereas 1527 genes were activated in bovine-bovine clones. A total of 1010 genes that were exclusively expressed in gazelle somatic cells were still expressed in the interspecies cloned embryos. In conclusion, TSA treatment of Przewalski's gazelle somatic cells transferred into enucleated bovine oocytes improved development of cloned embryos to the blastocyst stage, although still with low efficiency. Data from microarray analyses of the gazelle-cattle embryos showed that over 1000 gazelle-specific genes were still expressed in the interspecific cloned embryos. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2012CB22306).


The eddy current model is obtained from Maxwell's equations by neglecting the displacement currents in the Ampere-Maxwell's law. The so-called "A;V A potential formulation" is nowadays one of the most accepted formulations to solve the eddy current equations numerically, and Biro & Valli have recently provided its well-posedness and convergence analysis for the time-harmonic eddy current problem. The aim of this paper is to extend the analysis performed by Biro & Valli to the general transient eddy current model. We provide a backward-Euler fully-discrete approximation based on nodal finite elements and we show that the resulting discrete variational problem is well posed. Furthermore, error estimates that prove optimal convergence are settled.


We demonstrate that electron–electron interactions fundamentally restrict the penetration length of superconducting correlations into a diffusive normal metal (N) attached to a superconductor (S). We evaluate the subgap magnetoconductance G of SN hybrids in the presence of electron–electron interactions and demonstrate that the effect of the magnetic field on G is twofold: it includes (i) additional temperature-independent dephasing of Cooper pairs and (ii) Zeeman splitting between the states with opposite spins. The dephasing length of Cooper pairs can be directly extracted from measurements of the subgap magnetoconductance in SN systems at low temperatures.


Hunter syndrome is a rare, X‐linked, recessively inherited disease affecting approximately 1 in 132,000 males. The disease is caused by the inability to degrade dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate due to mutations in the iduronate‐2‐sulphatase gene (IDS). The mutations causing the disorder are heterogeneous, ranging from small micro‐lesions to gross deletions and inversions. We have screened DNA samples from a panel of 24 unrelated Hunter syndrome patients and have identified mutations in 16 individuals. Six mutations represent novel changes in the gene and these include two single base deletions (1264DC and 1632/3DT); two single base insertions (776/8insC and 1082insT); and two missense mutations ‐ Y264N (914T→G) and Q465P (1518A→C). An additional two missense mutations and one splice site alteration identified in this study have been described previously. Southern analysis revealed complete or partial gene deletions in a further 7 patients. Hum Mutat 14:87, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In information retrieval, cluster analysis is an important tool employed to enhance both efficiency and effectiveness of the retrieval process. Most clustering algorithms have difficulty in reflecting the closeness of documents as perceived by the user. A two phase scheme for document clustering, whose results reflect the "conceptual" clusters that are perceived by the user of the retrieval system, is proposed. Since the clusters obtained by this scheme are not characterized in terms of the document representations, a strategy for cluster searching is also developed. Both the proposed document clustering scheme and document searching strategy are experimentally evaluated using a test collection from the SMART system. The preliminary experimental results obtained are very encouraging.


Copyright held by the owner/author(s). CHI'20,, April 25–30, 2020, Honolulu, HI, USA ACM 978-1-4503-6819-3/20/04. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.XXXXXXX Abstract This paper presents a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) application designed to perform Social Skills Training (SST) of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A virtual classroom is designed to look similar to the realworld classroom of a school for adolescents with mental disabilities. Up to 20 users can log-in to the virtual environment using any of the common consumer VR HeadMounted Displays (HMDs) such as HTC Vive, Windows Mixed Reality Headsets, or Oculus Rift. While controlling an avatar, the users can practice a variety of social activities such as verbal communication (over voice chat), non-verbal communication (by controlling their avatar), playing board games, drawing on a whiteboard, and playing video clips on a screen in the virtual environment. Four adolescents diagnosed with ASD participated in an explorative evaluation of the VR SST intervention. Results indicate that the VR SST intervention has the potential of being used as a tool to teach social skills to adolescents diagnosed with ASD.


An evolutionary approach for neural network models construction is discussed. The problem statement of neural network structure multiobjective unconstrained optimization is formulated. The multiobjective parallel genetic algorithms are used to solve assigned task.


An investigation of the drying of spherical food particles was performed, using peas as the model material. In the development of a mathematical model for drying curves, moisture diffusion was modelled using Fick's second law for mass transfer. The resulting partial differential equation was solved using a forward-time central-space finite difference approximation, with the assumption of variable effective diffusivity. In order to test the model, experimental data was collected for the drying of green peas in a fluidised bed at three drying temperatures. Through fitting three equation types for effective diffusivity to the data, it was found that a linear equation form, in which diffusivity increased with decreasing moisture content, was most appropriate. The final model accurately described the drying curves of the three experimental temperatures, with an R2 value greater than 98.6% for all temperatures.


100 GHz-spaced 40 channel 43 Gbit/s DWDM coherent signal transmission is demonstrated in S-band using novel carrier-suppressed-return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying format over a 400 km dispersion shifted fibre link consisting of gain-shifted Tm-doped fibre amplifier inline repeaters and bi-directionally pumped distributed Raman amplifiers.


Two views of the landscape at Cortez, a small town in central Nevada, help illustrate the interaction of mining and pinyon-juniper woodlands. At left, the smelter at Cortez dominates the scene in 1900, several decades after mining began. The soif development, precipitation, and remnant vegetation suggest that the original plant community consisted largely of big sagebrush and bunchgrass. Pinyon and juniper trees undoubtedly became established in this community from the adjacent mountain slopes and were periodically removed by wildfire and, in the late nineteenth century, by cutting for fuelwood. Few pinyons or junipers are present in this view.


Objective To analyze the difference in 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake on bone scintigraphy in extraosseous soft tissue tumors between children and adults and the correlation between tracer uptake and tumor differentiation and histopathology. Methods Patients with neoplasms with MDP uptake were retrospectively identified. Based on histopathology, tumors were categorized as epithelial malignant tumors, mesenchymal tumors, blastomas and germ cell tumors. The degree of radioactivity accumulation in lesions relative to the uptake in ribs and sternum or spine was classified as "+", "++" and "+++". The results were compared between children and adults. The correlations between MDP uptake in soft tumors and tumor differentiation and pathology were investigated. Results Extraosseous soft tissue tumors that accumulated MDP were found in 33 children and 31 adults. In children, neuroblastoma was the most common extraosseous soft tissue tumor that accumulated MDP; in adults, MDP uptake was mostly found in lung cancer. MDP uptake in pediatric soft tissue tumors was higher than that in adults. MDP uptake in extraosseous soft tissue tumors with different histopathologic classifications was significantly different among 64 patients. In 41 patients with available tumor differentiation data from histopathology, MDP uptake in low or poorly differentiated soft tumors was higher than that in the moderately or well-differentiated lesions. Necrosis and/or calcifications were showed in most of pediatric and adult neoplasms. Conclusion Significant elevations in MDP uptake in extraosseous soft tissue tumors are associated with poorly differentiated tumors in both children and adults. The mechanism of bone tracer uptake in pediatric and adult neoplasms was mostly related to necrosis and/or necrosis and calcification. The extraosseous soft tissue tumors with MDP uptake in pediatric patients were different from those in adults. In addition, consistent with the inherent degree of tumor malignancy, MDP uptake in children was higher than that in adults.


The article focuses on the history and the theoretical foundations of linguopoetics as a philological discipline studying the aesthetic impact of texts of verbal art, depending on the role and function of stylistically marked units, which are used in these texts. In this article one also finds a description of the methods of linguopoetic investigations as presented in the works by Russian philologists (V.V. Vinogradov, O.S. Akhmanova, V.Y Zadornova, A.A. Lipgart and others): 3-level analysis, linguopoetic confrontation, linguopoetics of artistic device, linguopoetic stratification, linguopoetics of narrative types of texts.


The paper deals with the problem of lattice systems overlapping, arising in structural identification of crystal lattices in three-dimensional space. The problem leads to a crucial decrease in the accuracy of structural identification and is most evident for four types of lattice systems: orthorhombic, trigonal, tetragonal and cubic. The search for separation boundaries of these systems is based on the use of three parametric identification methods (Bravais unit cell parameters, Wigner-Seitz cell volumes and distances between isosurfaces) and evaluation of several similarity measures for the estimated parameters. Computational experiments were carried out on a large set of simulated reference lattices, by which the type of the distorted lattice was identified. Research results confirmed the existence of the problem of separability for the specified lattice systems, even in the case of ideal lattices (without any distortion). However, the main result was the determination of the parameters distortion range (5% for the edges and 3% for the angles), within which the lattice type is identified correctly.


The traditional therapy for head and neck cancer patients has several side effects. Hence, regular follow-up care is usually required. Recently, non-thermal micro-plasma was applied to inactivate cancer cells. Such a physical method provides localized energy and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). In this study, the ability of non-oxygen N2/He micro-plasma to inactivate four pharynx squamous carcinomatous cells, namely SAS, CAL 27, FaDu, and Detroit 562, under different exposure durations is evaluated. The four cell lines were affected with regard to proliferation, reduction, and apoptosis-related DNA damage, implying that the cell medium is critical in plasma–cell interaction. This is expected to be a promising method for head and neck cancer cell suppression through plasma-initiated ROS/RNS species under a suitable exposure time.


Catalysts for oxygen electrodes based on graphene structures have been obtained by the chemical synthesis. Oxidizing and reducing agents were selected on the basis of their standard redox potentials. For the obtained materials, the morphology, physical and chemical properties, and electrocatalytic activity for the reaction of oxygen reduction have been investigated. It was shown that the synthesized graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are promising catalyst carriers for the oxygen electrode of fuel cells, which can replace commercial electrode materials containing platinum. The specific capacity of the electrode based on the developed materials was about 500 mAh g-1 at 200 mV polarization. The synthesized materials are stable and catalytically active. Affiliation: 1Vernadskii Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of Nat Acad Sci Ukraine, Prospekt Palladina 32-34, 03680 Kyiv 142, Ukraine 2Institute of Sorption and Problems of Endoecology of Nat Acad Sci Ukraine, general Naumov st. 13, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine *Corresponding author: Rusetskii IA, Vernadskii Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of Nat Acad Sci Ukraine, Prospekt Palladina 32-34, 03680 Kyiv 142, Ukraine, Tel: +380 44 4242280 E-mail: email@example.com Citation: Danilov MO, Rusetskii IA, Slobodyanyuk, IA Farbun, Kolbasov G Ya (2015) Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Properties of Materials Based On Graphene Structures. NMCT 104:1-5 Received: Oct 01, 2015 Accepted: Jan 25, 2016 Published: Feb 01, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Danilov MO, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


A report is made on a study by H.S. Greer and his collaborators which is said to be the 1st study of the psychological sequelae of abortion since the 1968 British Abortion Act was passed. 360 women in consecutive series who were aborted in the first trimester by vacuum aspiration were studied. Compared with ratings before termination, significant improvement occurred in respect to psychiatric symptoms, guilt feelings, and interpersonal and sexual adjustment. Comparisons between those aborted and those refused abortions have shown little difference, although those refused may show a marginally greater frequency of sequelae. The most important elements in protecting a woman from psychological sequelae resulting from a decision either for or against termination are the care with which the decision is reached and the degree of support afterwards.


Objectives — Structural changes in the extracranial carotid artery are associated with an increase in left ventricular (LV) mass and relative wall thickness. The present study was performed to determine the relation of LV mass index and relative wall thickness to suspected atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease of the intracranial arteries on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in noncardioembolic ischaemic stroke patients. Methods — We retrospectively analysed the records of acute ischaemic stroke patients who underwent echocardiography and intracranial MRA. Patients with potential sources of cardioembolism, or known causes of vascular steno-occlusive disease including dissection, vasculitis, and moyamoya disease, were excluded from the study. LV mass indexes and relative wall thicknesses were estimated using echocardiography. Patients were divided into four groups according to their LV mass index and relative wall thickness: concentric LV hypertrophy, eccentric LV hypertrophy, concentric LV remodelling, and normal geometry. MRA was used to evaluate steno-occlusive disease in the basilar artery (BA) and the horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery. Results — A total of 212 patients were included, and logistic regression analysis revealed that BA steno-occlusive disease was related to LV relative wall thickness, but not LV mass index.The prevalence of BA disease was significantly higher in the concentric LV hypertrophy group than in the normal geometry group. Steno-occlusive disease of the middle cerebral artery was not closely related to the structural changes in the left ventricle. Conclusion — Increased LV relative wall thickness may be an independent risk factor for BA steno-occlusive disease or may share pathogenic mechanisms with BA disease.


The utility model discloses a prefabricated branch cable, including main cable and branch cable connected with the main cable, a cladding layer is arranged on the connection portion of the main and branch cables, the cladding layer is coiled with 1-3 layers of high temperature resistant plastic belts, 1-2 layers of glass fiber belts and 1-2 layers of soft copper belts in sequence. Insulation and sheath may be made by same material or different material, may be fulfilled once or times without number based on particular conditions. The utility model does not need expensive large-sized injection moulding units and moulds in the existent technology, such that production cost is reduced, and safety and reliability are improved.


Nitrogen and oxygen requirements of commercial yeasts were compared. Nitrogen demands were measured by calculating the amounts of ammoniacal nitrogen necessary to keep the fermentation rate constant during the stationary phase. Oxygen demands were studied by (i) running anaerobic fermentations and (ii) measuring the effect of adding 1 mg/L oxygen at the beginning of the stationary phase. Substantial differences were found and their technological impact was discussed. Because of the importance of nitrogen and oxygen in enology, using such tests may be of great interest, especially when there are risks of (i) slow fermentations, due to nitrogen deficiencies or (ii) sluggish fermentations, mainly due to oxygen limitations.


This chapter examines the complex role played by religion in Jonson's life; his relationship to the theatre; his works in various genres (plays, poetry, and masques), and in the critical reception of his writings. It considers the biographical evidence surrounding Jonson's multiple religious conversions within the broader context of recusancy culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. It then examines some of the ways in which religion is represented in his plays and how this influenced and was shaped by the changes in religious culture that characterized Jonson's lengthy professional career from the 1590s until the 1630s. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the relationship between religion and the theatre as it impacted upon Jonson's writing and his own instrumentality—as a key cultural player—in redefining that relationship in early modern England.


Scan chain design facilitates chip testing by providing an interface for the test engineers to access and control the internal states of the circuit. This feature has also been exploited to break systems such as the cryptographic chips by the attack known as scan chain side channel analysis. From the perspective of information access, test engineers and scan chain attackers have the same goal – observe and control the scan chain side channel information. Consequently, all the existing countermeasures have to make the tradeoff between scan chain security and the testability it can provide. In this paper, we propose a novel public-private partial scan chain design which can deliver both full testability and security. The key idea is to partition the flip flops into a public partial chain and a set of parallel private partial chains. The private partial chains are protected by means of a hardware implemented finite state machine and an obfuscation mechanism based on configurable physical unclonable function. We demonstrate how full testability can be achieved by the proposed public-private partial chains. We conduct security and performance analysis to show that our approach is robust against all the known scan chain based attacks and can improve testing time and power consumption with negligible hardware overhead.


An interaction of upstream extra particles with a monolayer highly ordered complex plasma is studied. A principally new abnormal turbulent wake formed behind the supersonic upstream particle is discovered. An anomalous type of the turbulence wake clearly manifests in anomalously low thermal diffusivity and two orders of magnitude larger particle kinetic temperature compared to that of the "normal" wake (Mach cone) observed by Du et al. (EPL, 99 (2012) 55001).


The objective of this paper is to assess whether Thai urban consumers are willing to pay higher prices for certified organic vegetables. The Chinese kale is used as a case study due to high chemical residues in conventional production. The data is obtained from a survey of 706 urban consumers throughout 4 regions of Thailand. The contingent valuation method with double bounded dichotomous choice with open-ended follow-up technique is used to assess the value of willingness to pay (commonly abbreviated WTP). The WTP for a premium as well as the value of WTP are estimated using the logistic regression and ordinary least square regression model, respectively. The empirical results indicate that 51percent of respondents are willing to pay a premium for a certified organic Chinese kale. Consumers' concern on environmentally-friendly vegetable production and perceptions regarding the meaning of organic vegetable, the product availability that there is no real organic one, and the organic certification that represents high quality attributes have positive influences on the likelihood to pay for a premium and the value of willingness to pay for a certified organic kale. Perceived information of effects of chemical residues on human health and consumers' perceptions of the production process that requires intensive farming practices also have positive influences on the likelihood to pay for a premium. Changing consumer attitudes from different level of consumers' perceptions can monotonically increases the likelihood to pay a premium. As such, marketing efforts should focus on providing information and raising the awareness of environmentally vegetable production and organic vegetables. This paper is the first that directly tests the influences of various consumers' perceptions, concern and perceived information on WTP a premium fora certified organic kale, using a large data set of urban consumer surveys of all regions in Thailand.


An ordered regular semigroup S is E-special if for every x ∈ S there is a biggest x + ∈ S such that both xx + and x + x are idempotent. Every regular strong Dubreil–Jacotin semigroup is E-special, as is every ordered completely simple semigroup with biggest inverses. In an E-special ordered regular semigroup S in which the unary operation x → x + is antitone the subset P of perfect elements is a regular ideal, the biggest inverses in which form an inverse transversal of P if and only if S has a biggest idempotent. If S + is a subsemigroup and S does not have a biggest idempotent, then P contains a copy of the crown bootlace semigroup.


Bombyx mori L. is primary silk producing insect of great commercial value. Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of volatile (Allium sativum) on the duration and length of B. mori larvae. The change in the volatile exposure duration and the number of larval treatment influenced the duration and length of larvae. The larval length increased with the increasing number of larval treatment from single to triple with the garlic exposure duration of 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Maximum larval length (6.85±0.023 cm) was noticed in case of triple treatment with 45 minute exposure duration and minimum larval length (3.87±0.182 cm) of 5 instar larvae was th recorded in case of triple treatment with 60 minute exposure duration. The minimum larval duration (22.31±0.325 days) was recorded in case of triple treatment with 45 minute exposure duration. If volatile applied tactfully in silkworm rearing may be useful to improve the production of silk and quality of silk on commercial scale.


Abstract Let 0 < p,pi ≤ ∞, 0 < q,qi < ∞ (i = 1, 2) such that Let E be a quasi-Banach lattice which fails to contain c0 and whose α-convexity constant is equal to 1 for some 0 < α < ∞. Then for every f∈H(E(q)) there exist g∈Hp, 0(E(q0)), h∈Hp1(E(q1)) such that Consequently, E is q-concave for some finite q if and only if E is uniformly H1-convexifiable in the sense of [24]. Analogous results are also obtained for symmetric spaces of measurable operators. Another result proved in the paper says that if E is a symmetric quasi-Banach function space on (0, ∞) having the analytic Radon–Nikodym property then LE(M, τ) also possesses this property for any semifinite von Neumann algebra (M, τ).


We have considered the theory of breakdown of an arbitrary gas-dynamic discontinuity for the space-time dimension equal to two. The link of this task with the geometrical theory of reconfiguration of shock-waves and wave fronts is shown. We consider the Riemann problem of the breakdown of an arbitrary discontinuity of parameters at angular collision of two flat flows. The problem is solved as accurate stated. We consider the solution region with different types of the shock-wave structure. The Mach number region is discovered and the angles of flows interaction for which there is no solution. We demonstrate the generality of solutions for one-dimensional non-stationary and two-dimensional stationary cases.


PURPOSE: To center the optical axis of a lens and the center of an image pickup surface of a solid-image pickup element, and to position a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and the image pickup surface of the solid-state image pickup element in parallel both with high precision and small man-hours without using a position adjusting jig. CONSTITUTION: Projection areas (reference surfaces 223a, 223b) at the same height with a mount surface 222 where the solid-state image pickup element 21 is mounted are provided on both sides and on the reference surfaces 223a and 223b. Reference holes 22a to 22d for positioning and fixing a lens barrel 3 tapered for positioning are provided at four places. On the reverse surface of a rectangular-plate shaped member of the lens barrel 3, positioning pins 33a and 33c which project downward are formed as pin members which face the reference holes 22a and 22c in a diagonal direction of a package 22 and can freely be fitted in the reference holes 22a and 22c.


[Objective] To explore reasonable utilization of biocarbons in east Henan tobacco producing regions. [Method]In field-plot experiment,influence of biocarbons on growth and economic characters of tobacco was studied. [Result] Biocarbons promote the growth of tobacco plants,improve agronomic characters of tobacco plants,reduce incidence of virus disease and brown spot,and disease index. From the perspective of economic character,application of biocarbons promotes the yield,output value of tobacco,proportion and average price of quality tobacco. Treatment 3 turns out the highest yield and output value,Treatment 5 has the highest proportion of quality tobacco,and the highest average price. [Conclusion]In east Henan tobacco producing regions,apply biocarbons( 3 000 kg/hm2) on the basis of conventional fertilization,and reduce application of N to improve disease resistance,proportion of quality tobacco and average price.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of thermal and mechanical shocks on the productivity of Lentinula edodes colonized on 140 Eucalyptus saligna logs at different immersion times in water and in the first flush of production. The logs were immersed in water at low temperature (16oC) or environmental temperature (22oC), for 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 and 38 hours. The mechanical shock treatment was accomplished by dropping the logs onto the floor three consecutive times, in a vertical position. Water temperature and immersion time affected L. edodes yield, which increased two to four times when the logs were immersed in cool water for the shortest times (6 and 10 hours). The mechanical shock treatment did not increase the sporophore yield.


Fig.1. shows a model of a test configuration which has been studied extensively [e.g. 1] to observe dynamic crack growth along a weak interface between two dissimilar materials. Here we will restrict the analysis to strips of equal height, h , but having different elastic modulii E and densities ρ . The loading is effected by impacting one arm with a projectile at a velocity which propagates the crack of length at a velocity . The stresses are predominantly uniaxial compression but the crack propagates in shear, or mode II. It has been observed that the propagation speeds are greater than a shear wave velocity of the system [1] and are sometimes referred to as intersonic. It has also been observed that very high accelerations occur during the initial phase of propagation. V a a&


The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between alpha angle and herniation pit (HP) in healthy adults on hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Between May 2016 and September 2018, 502 hip joint MRIs of 251 healthy adults (aged between 19 and 82 years) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the presence of HP of the femoral neck. Femoral neck alpha angles were also measured. Possible relationships between herniation pit and age, sex, sided-ness, and alpha angle were investigated. One hundred twenty-four males and 127 females were included, and the mean age was 40.96 ± 12.85. HPs were present in 20 of the 502 hips, a prevalence of 3.98 % (45 % at right and 55 % left hips). The herniation pit sizes were ranged from 2 to 9.6 mm; the average value was 5.1±2.2 mm. The average value of the alpha angle of 502 hips was 50.42 ± 5.91°. The alpha angle was ≥ 55 degrees in sixty-seven (13.35 %) of 502 patients. No correlation was found between herniation pit and age, sex, side (right or left hip) and alpha angle degrees. No statistically significant association was found between alpha angle ≥ 55 degrees and the actual size of the herniation pit. There is no correlation between age, sex, or alpha angle ≥ 55 degrees and the prevalence of herniation pit in healthy hips. HP formation is an incidental radiologic finding and unrelated to the alpha angle.


With the Karst peak cluster as the main landform, Mashan, Yaoshan and Huajing are the typical Karst areas and the minority nationalities areas in south Guizhou, where the ecological systems are weak, the environmont is relatively closed, the economic development is backward and the people's living standard is very low, On the basis of plentiful investigation in these areas and taking the analysis to the man land relationship in the areas as the main line, the paper has an analysis to the natural and social reasons that caused the man environment problems, and has the ideals as below; the main reason which formed the problems of man envinronmental relationship and the area economy's undevelopment is the shortage and bad quality of the cultivatcd land resources; the ecological vicious circulations has been drived by the land's over load using caused by the population's quickly increace; the closing of the environment lead to the closing of the region, the conservation and the slow speed of the development.


The invention provides a weight calibration method. The weight calibration method comprises the following steps: adopting a standard scale pan, a calibrated scale pan and a scale pan to be calibrated; detecting the standard scale pan, the calibrated scale pan and the scale pan to be calibrated so as to obtain a set of mass difference values of scale pans; obtaining a set of mass modification values of the scale pans by adopting a calculation manner of mass modification values in the measurement mode of a combination comparison method; setting standard weights and the standard scale pan as standard components, setting calibrated weights and the calibrated scale pan as calibrated components, and setting weights to be calibrated and the scale pan to be calibrated as components to be calibrated; detecting the mass of the standard components, the calibrated components and the components to be calibrated so as to obtain a set of mass difference values of the components; performing calculation so as to obtain the mass modification values of the weights to be calibrated according to the mass modification values of the scale pans and the mass difference values of the components based on calculation rules, so that a plurality of mass calibration results corresponding to the weights to be calibrated are obtained.


A luminescent zinc (II)-based coordination polymer, [Zn(CPDA)(NO3)2)] (CPDA=1, 2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid) (1), had been successfully synthesized in this paper by the hydrothermal method. Afterward, 1 was characterized through the single crystal and power X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and infrared spectrum techniques, respectively. Particularly, the stable suspension of 1 in aqueous solution had exhibited highly selective quenching toward Ni2+ in physiological buffer solution. Besides, the optimum fluorescence intensity could be found at a pH of 7.0 and the temperature of 25 °C. Under these optimum conditions, the detection limit of Ni2+ ions could reach <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.23\times 10^{\mathrm {-7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mol<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot \text{L}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. On the other hand, the effect of foreign ions on the fluorescence intensity of 1 showed low interference response to the detection of Ni2+ ions. Additionally, the quenching was recognized as a static quenching procedure, which was proved by the quenching rate constant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.74 \times 10^{13}\,\,\text{L}\cdot {\mathrm {mol}}^{-1}\cdot \text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).


The attenuation parameter (AP), which quantitatively describes the influence of elastic electron scattering on the electron spectroscopies, has been calculated for 45 elements (Be, C, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Pb) and for energies of 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 eV. The calculations were performed with a Monte Carlo algorithm in which elastic scattering is modelled by use of the partial wave expansion method. The results show a linear relationship between the AP and the inelastic mean free path (IMFP), and a linear least-squares fit of the data provides a simple formula to calculate the AP for a given material and energy. The depth distribution function (DDF), which in the most general sense discribes the attenuation properties of signal electrons, can be calculated analytically using this AP. The possibility of using the calculated AP values in combination with this DDF to extract IMFP data from an overlayer experiment has also been explored. Evidence is found, and discussed, that the presentedalgorithm can be used to convert IMFPs to attenuation lengths (AL).


Dry yeast and live yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum were added to basic diet for Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at water temperature of(26.2±1) ℃,pH of 7.4~8.0 and a salinity of 5.The effects of dietary R.paludigenum on digestive enzyme activities were studied in hepatopancreases and intestinal microbes of the shrimp fed for cweeks.Results showed that the diet supplemented with dry yeast significantly enhance the proteased activity and lipase activity(P0.05),but no significant differences were found in the amylase activities(P0.05).Higher protease activity in the shrimp fed the live yeast diet was also observed.Total bacterium counts,Vibrio counts and the ratios of Vibrio counts and total bacterium counts in the intestines in the shrimp fed the dry yeast diet were significantly lower than those in the shrimp fed the control diet(P0.05).The live yeast supplementation also significantly decreased the Vibrio counts and the ratio of Vibrio and total bacterium counts in the intestines.The present results indicate that R.paludigenum as a potential probiotic for shrimp aquaculture can enhance digestive enzyme activities and improve intestinal microbial structures in the shrimp.


ONE OF THE CROWNINGachievements of the 20th century has been the revolution in biological science. The development of recombinant DNA technology, coupled with advances in cell biology, have enabled understanding of many human diseases at the molecular level and the rational design of new therapies. As we look forward to the next century, however, the prospects for further progress appear to be seriously compromised by the linked problems of insufficient funding for biomedical research and limited availability of adequately trained young scientists. In the United States, the well-informed public understandably expects that the fruits of the "new biology" be translated into effective and safe treatments for a broad range of diseases that threaten our health. But these expectations may be thwarted by sobering fiscal constraints. The cost containment implicit in health care reform will surely limit the transfer of scientific discovery into clinical cure. At the same time, there is realistic fear that federal support for biomedical research will continue to fall fat-short of what is needed to exploit recent scientific advances. Students and postdoctoral trainees readily perceive the irony of golden opportunities in biomedical research posed against grim constraints in funding. In particular, medical students and trainees with an M.D. degree have great difficulty reconciling the need to pay back the enormous cost of their medical education with the long period of apprenticeship required for adequate research training and the meager prospects for longterm research support. As a result, during the last decade of increasing austerity there has been a steady and steep decline in individuals with an M.D. degree embarking upon a career in research(1-3). This shortfall has been addressed in part by an increase in the number and size of M.D./Ph.D. training programs that offer tuitionfree scientific (and often medical) training and provide a combination of rigor and relevance that is ideal for in-depth investigation of important pathophysiologic problems. On the other hand, many students are dissuaded by the time and effort required to complete the course work along with the laboratory and clinical obligations required for the combined degrees. Another way to attract M.D.'s into basic research is to enrich their doctoral or postdoctoral training with curricula that provide a broad yet rigorous introduction to the principles and practice of contemporary molecular and cellular biology. The Molecular Medicine Training Program at the University of California San Francisco provides four to five graduate physicians per year with basic science courses and the opportunity to do rotations in first-rate laboratories. Special summer courses introduce principles of molecular and cell biology to a much larger group. Similar physicianscientist programs are in place at Duke, Johns Hopkins, Washington University, and the University of Pennsylvania. In view of the decline in M.D.'s entering biomedical research, some medical schools in the United States have undertaken initiatives to enrich the Ph.D. training in their institutions in order to exploit the opportunities of an academic medical environment and provide graduate students with additional training in human biology and disease. Although they differ considerably in design and scope, these programs are intended to provide graduate research students with a rigorous body of information that would give them enhanced opportunities to orient their research to biomedically relevant problems. One of the earliest was a course at Tufts Medical School that teaches the fundamentals of 20 major human diseases (4).Subsequently, a number of programs have been instituted in other medical schools. The University of California, San Francisco, gives eight or nine graduate students per year a special curriculum, Tissues and Organs in Health and Disease, composed of two quarters of lectures and small group discussions.The Mat-key program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Johns Hopkins University provides a curriculum for 6-8 students per year that coml)ines pre-existing medical school courses with some designed just for these students. The Ph.D. Program in Molecular Medicine at the University of Chicago offers a similar curriculum, with a clinical mentorship, to four students per year. The Lucille Markey Special Emphasis


It is widely recognized that earthquakes are among the most severe natural disasters causing significant damages such as failure of earth structure, settlement or tipping of buildings, lateral spreading of sloping ground and densification causing vertical settlements. The reasons for these failures can be attributed either due to the compaction of loose deposits of soils or by a phenomenon called liquefaction. The phenomenon of liquefaction is associated with a condition of zero effective stress due to progressive increase in pore water pressure resulting from the tendency to densification of the sand structure subjected to cyclic loading. The generation of excess pore pressure under undrained loading condition is a hallmark of all liquefaction phenomena. The relative incompressibility of the pore water makes the rapid compaction of the sand impossible. Instead, an excess pore water pressure develops whose value increases with the duration of cyclic loading and many a time these pressures only start dissipating after the ground shaking has ended. Due to its high potential to cause damages, this phenomenon of liquefaction during earthquakes has become a prime subject of concern in the geotechnical engineering. Catastrophic failures in recent earthquakes have provided a serious reminder that liquefaction of sandy soils and sands with large amount of non-plastic fines as a result of earthquake ground shaking poses a major threat to the safety of civil engineering structures. Primary seismological factors that control liquefaction are amplitude and frequency of the cyclic shear stress besides the duration of shaking. Whereas, the other site-specific factors that control development of liquefaction of soil are grain size distribution of the soil mass, relative density of the soil deposit, depth and thickness of different soil strata, depth of ground water table etc. Major landslides, lateral spreads, settling and tilting of buildings and failure of waterfront retaining structures were some of the observed excellent examples of liquefaction triggered by the recent Bhuj earthquake on 26 January 2001. In many places of earthquake-affected area several sand boils/water fountains (Figure 1) were developed indicating the occurrence of extensive liquefaction.


The quantum virial expansion is used to investigate the properties of neutron matter in the temperature range 20 < kT < 60 MeV. The pressure as a function of temperature is determined for various densities of neutron matter. Also the stiffness, the energy and the coefficient of volume expansion all as a function of temperature and density are studied.


Transporter‐mediated glutamate uptake is a principal function of astrocytes. Our previous studies have shown that this process is compromised under hypoxic conditions through the NF‐κB mediated inhibition of expression of the glutamate transporters EAAT‐1 and EAAT‐2. Here, we demonstrate that identical conditions of hypoxia (1% O2, 24 h) lead to a dramatic increase in TNFα production from astrocytes without altering their viability. This hypoxia‐evoked production of TNFα was prevented in the presence of any of three mechanistically distinct NF‐κB inhibitors. Exogenous application of TNFα was without effect on EAAT‐1 expression as determined by Western blotting, but mimicked the effects of hypoxia to suppress expression of EAAT‐2. Furthermore thalidomide, which prevents TNFα production, was without effect on hypoxic suppression of EAAT‐1 but prevented hypoxic suppression of EAAT‐2. These data indicate that regulation of glutamate transporter expression in astrocytes by hypoxia is subtype specific. Regulation of both EAAT‐1 and EAAT‐2 is mediated by NF‐κB, and this transcriptional regulator is also required for increased production of TNFα. However, while TNFα is essential for hypoxic suppression of EAAT‐2, hypoxic modulation of EAAT‐1 expression is unaffected by this cytokine. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Particle reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)possess excellent complex physical and mechanical characteristics and are the hard?to?machine materials.Consequently,they are the priority research in the cutting field.And the current machining methods of these materials are divided into two parts:conventional machining processes and non?conventional machining processes.The development of machining technology in PRMMCs is presented,and the adaptability of different machining methods and the problems needed to be solved are also presented so as to offer references to the study and production application in this field.


Objectives:  Despite aggressive measures to miniaturize the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit in neonates and infants, the CPB prime volume is often at least as large as the patients' blood volume. We conducted an observational study to characterize the hemostatic consequences of a CPB prime consisting of either non‐fresh or reconstituted whole blood.


The trumpet is an ancient instrument made of a sheep's horn that is found in the Bible. In worship at the Higher Than Ever Church, the trumpet instrument is combined with modern musical instruments. Dealing with the background, the main focus of this study is related to symbolic interaction in the playing of Trumpet. The qualitative method using a research approach to the sociology of art approach was used in this research. The data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Checking the validity of the data used source triangulation and data analysis used the contextualization of the synthesis model. The finding indicated that the symbolic interaction of playing the Trumpet started with Bible study activities, then it was conveyed to the congregation through the activity of Family Altar and other congregational activities, then after that the Trumpet instrument was played in the main worship ceremony. The conclusion has showed that symbolic interaction occurs between the Pastoral team and God through Bible study. Further, it is also between the Pastoral team and the leaders of the Family Altar, between the head of the Family Altar and church members, between the Trumpet players. Congregation and God when the worship ceremony is taking place.


Rifaximin is recommended for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The effects of rifaximin on overt and minimal HE are debated.


Author(s): Neary-Sundquist, Colleen | Abstract: Previous research has shown that the degree of structure in a task affects the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of L2 oral production (Foster a Skehan 1999). The acquisition of pragmatic markers may be related to the development of second language fluency, but there is limited research on their use by second language learners on different task types. This study examines the use of pragmatic markers on four different tasks that differ in their degree of inherent structure. The results show that the most structured task, leaving a telephone message, led to a significantly lower frequency of pragmatic marker use than the other tasks. The results also suggest that learners at different proficiency levels react differently to the degree of structure in various tasks.


In this paper we propose a modeling framework for the integration of domainspecific knowledge into complex systems. This framework especially supports the robustness of behavior in autonomic systems. In order to provide meaningful and adequate behavior in the presence of dynamic (or adverse) environments systems must possess the ability to assess their current state on the basis of knowledge about themselves and their environments. We consider a system's state as represented by an array of domain-specific models (each describing a specific aspect of the system) and support the reasoning about behavior using transformation rules (based on multiset-rewriting). In order to get even closer to the semantics of domain-specific terminologies we rely on fuzzy description logics. Thus we are able to support robust automatic reasoning about behavior w.r.t. to different aspects of environments.


This paper introduces VUMO, a visualization-oriented ontology that formalizes the knowledge about urban mobility events (e.g. ridership and travel intentions) and visualization techniques. It focuses on serving as a foundation for the development of semi-automatic visualization tools, while also facilitating the process of data integration. The ontology allows techniques to be characterized with human perception factors, so they can be considered when automatically inferring recommended techniques for a dataset. The ultimate goal is to benefit transportation decision makers and foster the development of semantically rich visualization techniques. We propose a structured visualization workflow based on VUMO, and apply it to the development of a prototype featuring real data extracted from a journey planner mobile application.


Table 1 gives an analysis of the second clinical category, entitled "Patient's Own Estimate of Present Status," which is set up in contradistinction to the foregoing enumeration of symptoms representing the patient's voluntary statement of complaints. The table is composed of a summary of replies to direct questioning by the physician regarding the patient's habits, as listed in column No. 1 of the table. The total number of amebiasis case histories in which the "patient's estimate of present status" is recorded on presentation, is 434. In this group there were nine cases of luetic infection (2.07 per cent); twenty-two other individuals had a history of having had tuberculosis (5.07 per cent).


In April 1994, as part of a Project on the Promotion of Education and Employment of Working People in Turkey, a Women's Documentation Center was established for the collection of material relating to women's studies, particularly in Turkey. This article explores issues related to the preparation of the bilingual thesaurus.


The development of metallurgy in the south Andes had a very different dynamic from that of its contemporaries in the north. The earliest findings of metal artifacts are located in the Early Horizon with Paracas, characterized by the use of gold worked in sheets with simple designs and shapes. Later on, the Nasca continued with the predominant use of gold and an almost unaltered technology based on the handling of simple manufacturing techniques with simple embossed decoration, and the development of three-dimensional shapes. Through the study of the collection of the metal objects from the Ocucaje and the Wari Kayan cemetery, technological continuities and typological discontinuities have been identified over time, during the Paracas Nasca transition.


Mixed ownership reform has contributed greatly to China's economic development; however, there is little literature on how mixed ownership reform affects carbon performance in the context of environmentally sustainable development. Therefore, this paper takes A-share industrial state-owned enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020 as research samples to investigate the impact of mixed ownership reform on carbon performance through empirical tests. The results show that the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises can improve the carbon performance of enterprises. The intermediary test shows that green innovation plays an intermediary role in the relationship between mixed ownership reform and carbon performance. Furthermore, compared with green management innovation, mixed ownership reform has a stronger promoting effect on green technology innovation, and green technology innovation has a greater impact on carbon performance. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in heavily polluted industries and competitive industries, mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises has a more significant role in improving carbon performance. Therefore, the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises is of great significance for promoting environmental sustainable development. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence for the environmental sustainable development of state-owned enterprises in emerging markets.


With the rapid development of the information modernization in the whole world,neural network algorithm becomes to one of forefronts of research in information area,it has wide application prospects in the area of resource management and construction,work satisfaction in library,library building construction,etc.This paper makes a statistical analysis of research papers about the neural network algorithm used in library service systems,discusses the types and topics of neural network algorithm,reveales the neural network used in all areas of library,and puts forward the future research areas.


relatives (Cnemidophorus, Teius, Dicrodon, and Kentropyx) have 2n = 46-56 chromosomes, general absence of a distinct break between macroand microchromosomes, and a majority of large chromosomes acrocentric. Within the Ameiva group only Dicrodon and Teius have 2n above 52. Two "microteiids," Anadia bitaeniata and Pholidobolus montium have 2n = 46 chromosomes with a marked break between 10 pairs of macrochromosomes and 13 pairs of microchromosomes; many of the macrochromosomes are two-armed.


This paper challenges the applicability of the policy framework, labeled the new resource economics, to Western water management, particularly as applied to two examples examined in the paper: the Papago Tribe in South Central Arizona, and Hispanic villages along the Upper Rio Grande River. Contrary to the assumptions of new resource cconomics, water is regarded by these communities not just as an economic commodity but as a special resource closely related to community values. The paper concludes that should policy prescriptions of the new resource economics framework be adopted, community control over resources and the maintenance of traditional values would be eroded. The political system for all its shortcomings serves these communities better than pure market allocation of water. Copyright 1985 by The Policy Studies Organization.


In recent years, some invalidation and adjudication cases have triggered, within the IP community, discussion over the issue of whether technical solutions a Markush claim encompassing compounds of general formula (here⁃ inafter referred to as Markush formula compound claim) are a whole technical solution or a plurality of technical solu⁃ tions in parallel. This article attempts to further explore the Markush formula compound claims on the basis of the pre⁃ vailing views of the IP community, in the hope of providing some suggestions on amendments to a Markush formula compound claim by way of deletion during the invalidation stage, as well as sharing some thoughts and ideas about the protection of Markush compounds.


An engineered target in a commercially available cyclotron accelerator proton beam of about 30 MeV beam power and 1 mA of current is proposed as a method for reproducing the neutron energy spectrum present in the core or periphery of different types of operating or planned nuclear reactors. This neutron spectrum can be used for performing materials performance studies for applications ranging from reactors to high power accelerators. To produce a neutron spectrum, the protons interact with a target to create neutrons through various (p,n) type reactions. The choice of target material and spectral tailoring of the emitted neutrons can be used to modify the energy of the generated neutron spectrum to represent various reactor spectra. Through the use of moderators and reflectors, the neutron spectrum can be modified to reproduce many different spectra, such as small thermal test reactors, large pressurized water reactors, fast reactors, and fusion reactors. A major advantage of an accelerator neutron source over a neutron beam from a thermal reactor is that the fast neutrons can be slowed down or tailored to approximate various reactor spectra. An accelerator based neutron source that can be tailored to match various reactor neutron spectra provides an advantage for control in materials damage studies and in studying how changes in the neutron spectra affect parameters such as the resulting fission products. The design process is complicated since the target must simultaneously satisfy a range of physics, thermal, and mechanical requirements.


In this paper, we give an alternative derivation of Kendall's representation for symmetric transition functions which relies on the backward and/or forward integral recursions. The proof uses a lemma concerning approximation by finite sections (which is useful in its own right) and is similar to the original proof for birth and death processes by Lederman and Reuter. Finally, we obtain a general result guaranteeing the existence of representations of transition functions such as those obtained by Pruitt and Iglehart.


In recent years, the widespread availability of embedded processors and easily accessible wireless networks have resulted in a new sensing concept based on connecting a large number of inexpensive and small sensors in a sensor network. In principle, a sensor network can be highly scalable, cost effective, and robust with respect to individual sensor's failure. However, there are important theoretical challenges that must be overcome for sensor networks to become viable. Due to the large and often ad-hoc nature of sensor networks, it would be a formidable challenge to develop distributed information fusion algorithms without first developing a simple, yet rigorous and flexible, mathematical model. The aim of this chapter is to introduce one such model. In our formulation, the fusion problem is converted into the problem of finding a point in the intersection of finitely many convex sets. The key advantage of this formulation is that the solution can be found using a series of projections onto the individual convex sets. These projections can be computed locally at each sensor node thus allowing the computations to be done simultaneously and in a highly distributed fashion. We conclude the chapter by presenting simulation examples that demonstrate our proposed formulation. Index Terms Sensor networks, sensor fusion, ill-posed problems, regularization, spectrum estimation, convex sets, distributed algorithms, parallel optimization


Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of distal caries in the mandibular second molar (M2M) in a general population and to determine the strength of the association of several factors related to the adjacent mandibular third molar (M3M). Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed digital panoramic radiographs of 753 individuals prescribed for screening and/or diagnostic purposes by different specialists. From these radiographs, 1358 M2Ms/M3Ms were included in the analysis. Age, sex, position, and inclination of the M3Ms with respect to the M2Ms and presence of distal caries in the M2Ms were assessed. Continuous variables were dichotomized using optimal cutoff values using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: A multivariate logistic regression model was performed. Results: In total, 8.2% (95% confidence interval 6.7 to 9.6%) of the M2Ms had distal caries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that >22.5 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 3.42), >4.2 mm between the M2M and M3M (OR 2.67), >31.6° inclination of the M3M (OR 2.12) and the right side (OR 1.61) were positively associated with M2M distal caries. Conclusions: The prevalence of M2M distal caries can range from 6.7% to 9.6% in the general population. M3Ms separated more than 4.2 mm and mesioangulated more than 31.6° with respect to their adjacent M2Ms were 2.7- and 2.1-fold more likely to develop distal caries in their adjacent M2Ms.


A number of experimental klystrons have been constructed and evaluated at SLAC, KEK and INP, aiming toward output power objectives of 100 and 120 MW at 11.4 GHz (SLAC and KEK respectively) or 150 MW at 14 GHz (INP), with pulse lengths of the order of 1 /spl mu/s. Since RF breakdown is considered to be the principal mechanism limiting power for such tubes, most of the effort has been concentrated on the design of output circuits that reduce RF gradients by distributing fields over a longer region of interaction. Another klystron component receiving emphasis has been the output window, where the approach for future tubes may be to use a circular TEO1-mode, half-wave window. Best results to date in this continuing international effort are: 50 MW with 1 /spl mu/s pulses, using a traveling-wave output circuit (SLAC and INP), and 85 MW with 200 ns. Pulses (SLAC), using two conventional reentrant, but uncoupled, output cavities. At KEK a klystron with a single, but not reentrant, cavity has produced 80 MW in 50 ns pulses. Finally, Haimson has demonstrated 100 MW at 50 ns with a traveling-wave output. This paper addresses primarily the work performed at SLAC during the last two years.<<ETX>>


From the adoption of the Constitution in 1787, the executive department has been the primary vehicle through which the government of the United States has administered its programs. Their organization and effectiveness are therefore matters that demand constant attention.


Combined with the characteristics of measured uranium resources in China,the current situations of uranium mining and metallurgy techniques,and the key techniques of restricting the development of uranium resources were analyzed.The development direction of uranium mining and metallurgy techniques in China and key tasks of the scientific research and development in the coming period were confirmed.Some references can be provided for accelerating the development and utilization of uranium resources and achieving the development goals of natural uranium production capacity.


Abstract : An analytical expression is given for time variations of temperature within a model soil slab that is subjected to idealized heating at the supper surface and maintained at constant temperature at the lower surface. Applied at the upper surface, the model temperature may be considered to be the ground surface temperature of the earth. An important feature of this model is that phase-shifted on-linear responses to the forcing are allowed at the upper boundary. The analytical nature of the solution enables us to easily study the relative importance of various physical processes in the model surface energy budget equation. For example, evaporational cooling is found to be an important feedback process under model summer conditions, accounting for a change of about 6K in the daily mean surface temperature; under winter conditions, the change attributable to evaporation is only about 1K. The perturbation method used in our approach to linearize the model upper boundary condition is shown to be applicable to more complicated and more realistic upper boundary conditions.


Resource sharing is an issue for different fields of applications, giving rise to the so-called "Tragedy of the commons." This is particularly important in reference to the upcoming Internet of Things, where selfish behaviors from individual users jeopardize system cooperation, on which most network functions rely. We analyze two ways of splitting resources in the context of channel allocation for wireless systems. We describe the outcomes of the different strategies and we identify criteria for the emergence of selfish behaviors in such games.


The main purpose of this article is for teachers to help students learn about different ethnic groups, cultures, languages, customs, values, lifestyles, ideas, views, identity, customs, rituals, rituals and symbols, show and check their movements, families in the community they teach. Teachers at the University of World Languages in Uzbekistan were interviewed to explore their insights and opinions about diversity. Teachers provide information on many methods, but they show that they do not really understand diversity. Teachers around the world reported trusting external sources such as guest speakers and students, but were unable to benefit from their colleagues, parents, and their own experiences. This article is based on the study of multicultural consciousness and awareness of different cultures by educating multicultural students. The fact that language and culture are interconnected, that they are inseparable, that they are inseparable, that the study of language also requires the study of the interrelationships of cultures. The close interrelationships between culture and language can be used to enhance social cohesion and credibility in areas where cultural superstition, political and religious affection are prevalent. Therefore, the practice of language teaching should be used to eradicate cultural consciousness, identity, stereotypes and improve intercultural understanding, universal values, customs, traditions, rituals that serve the peaceful coexistence of different people in the world Possible.


world's trade ministers—and the governments they represent—face enormous challenges. The global trade talks are stalled in several policy domains vital to developing countries—agricul-ture, nonfarm trade, access to patented drugs for countries without domestic drug industries, special and differential treatment, and dispute settlement. Nor is there much progress in other contentious areas, such as the " Singapore issues " of investment, competition, trade facilitation , and government procurement. At the same time, the global recovery continues to sputter. Although some signs of a turnaround have been evident in the United States, Europe seems to be losing momentum, and Japan appears positioned for another disappointing year. The Chinese economy, reinforced by a positive performance in East Asia in 2002, continues to bustle along, but concerns over Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and lost export momentum in the face of the world slowdown haunted the regional outlook. South Asia continues to grow more rapidly than the world average. Latin America is showing signs of an upturn, driven in part by renewed confidence in Brazil, a tentative rebound in Argentina, and an increase in Mex-ico's growth; however, the recession in the República Bolivariana de Venezuela, when coupled with political difficulties in the An-dean countries, continues to weigh down regional performance. Africa, suffering from low commodity prices, is growing slowly; although faster than in the 1980s and 1990s, today's growth is far short of the pace necessary to make significant dents in the poverty head-count or to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in health and education. War has adversely affected regional performance in the Middle East and North Africa; sluggish performance in Europe, especially Germany, has adversely affected many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Even though progress on trade would undoubtedly boost investor confidence , politicians coping with slow growth and high unemployment at home have been finding it more difficult to risk alienating influential constituencies by accepting bold proposals in the world trade talks. The outlook for the remainder of this year and for 2004, though somewhat improved, is unlikely to produce growth strong enough to cut sharply into unemployment rates (figure 1). Uncertainty in the global environment remains unusually high. Structural problems persist— overcapacity in high-tech industries globally, rising twin deficits in the U.S. fiscal and current accounts, and lingering bad loans in Japanese and (to a lesser extent) European banks. Other problems may prove more transitory. The cessation of conflict in …


The aim of this work is comparing three casting process simulation programs for porosity and microstructure prediction capabilities for die-casting. After confronting these results with experimentally measured data taken from real castings it could be said that simulation is pretty accurate for DAS microstructure prediction and hot-spot areas. Amount of measured porosity could not be compared with predicted values because specimens were not taken from the exact hot-spot areas.


The development of the use of cyclodextrin nitrates as possible components of insensitive, high-energy energetics is outlined over a time period of 12 years. Four different types of cyclodextrin polymers were synthesized, nitrated, and evaluated regarding their potential use for the military and aerospace community. The synthesis of these novel cyclodextrin polymers and different nitration techniques are shown and the potential of these new materials is discussed.


This article seeks to explain the results of an eight-month project where social media best practices were applied to the HEC Library Facebook account, which was targeted solely at business students and business professors. The article will provide an overview of commonly recommended social media best practices and discuss which of these hold true when an audience of business students involved, and which of these recommendations was not effective.


CoO-MgO samples (Co x Mg 1-x O : x = mol of Co / (mol of Co + mol of Mg)) were prepared by impregnation of MgO powder with an aqueous solution of CO(NO 3 ) 2 , followed by calcination at 773 K. The atomic concentration range of Co for formation of a solid solution and the state of Co ions dissolving in the samples were investigated mainly by XAFS. XRD patterns showed that the dominant phase is MgO in the samples of x 0.3. For the samples of > 0.5, the dominant phase was Co 3 O 4 and the MgO phase was not detected by XRD. Co K-edge XANES spectra demonstrated that the octahedral symmetry around Co ions in the sample of x = 0.02 is distorted in the samples of x ≥ 0.04, indicating the change in the state of dissolved Co ions. Co K-edge EXAFS spectra revealed that Co ions dissolve into MgO matrix substitutionally in the samples of x < 0.04 while the phase separation due to the formation of the Co 3 O 4 structure occurs in the samples of x ≥ 0.04.


ABSTRACT At the end of the nineteenth century, the autonomous mobility provided by bicycles and tricycles created a mobile imaginary that paved the way for automobility. Through the course of the twentieth century, the growth and decline of cycling mobilities was inseparably entangled with the rise of a range of motor-mobilities (two and four wheeled). Yet cycling persists and is championed widely as a contender for future mobility in post-growth societies. However, the hegemonic position reached by automobility as a dominant system has led to closure of political non-car mobility imaginaries. Reaching targets for Carbon reduction. will entail dramatic transformation of mobility scapes. This paper explores the possibilities and problems inherent in formulating vélomobility as a system of autonomobility, paying special attention to its alignment with the range of radical alternatives clustered around degrowth and pluriversal thought as promising ways to think and act beyond the unsustainable carbon economy. It first examines the challenges of imagining vélomobility not just as a set of practices but cognitively, through its conceptual construction not as an inverse of automobility but as challenge to the political underpinnings of automobility. Second, it considers vélomobility through a set of propositions to reimagine mobility regimes and assess relevant resources from political theory. The final section reverses the gaze and asks what the reconsideration of vélomobility as described previously can bring to the broader discussion of autonomobility.


This paper deals with the use of higher order statistics (HOS) in a spatio-temporal filtering scheme to reduce noise in video sequences. Prior to filtering, motion compensation is performed by a robust estimator. Then, we apply a 3-D order statistic filter. Both stages are based on Kurtosis minimization. Experimental results on noisy real video sequences illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.


In 20th century media coverage of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, reporters devoted an inordinately large amount of space to describing (often disapprovingly) how the people of that region utilized Cadillacs. Having been confronted with this puzzle in the archive (i.e. what work was being done by so frequently associating these territories with Cadillacs?), this paper argues that in popular imaginations, change in the world economy—especially the rise of "nouveau riche territories"—is often understood in terms of personified and objectified dramas of right/wrong, which perform the work of distinction. By drawing on an analysis of newspaper and magazine articles and bringing together consumption, psychoanalytic, and post-colonial literatures, this article makes two contributions to understanding how positional anxieties function transnationally: (1) by arguing that places like the Gulf States can have impacts on geoeconomic imaginations that far outpace their size, because these states and their people are seen to break the constellation of practices associated with having obtained the "good life", thus creating a boundary between them and "normalcy"; and, (2) by demonstrating that stories of nouveau riche consumption gain force through interaction with psychically charged objects like Cadillacs, through a process called "extimacy".


This paper illustrates a novel approach to social psychological phenomena, namely the systematic analysis of participants' discourse. Specifically it examines the production of social categories and their organization in discourse through a detailed analysis of the use of the category 'community' and the notion of 'community relations' in accounts of the 'St Paul's riot' of 1980. In the first stage of analysis, the linguistic repertoire making up the category community is outlined, concentrating on variations in accounts of (a) the existence of community over time, (b) its racial composition, (c) the role of metaphors such as harmony and growth. The second stage of analysis shows the way this repertoire is deployed in the achievement of highly contrasting versions of events, concentrating on depictions of the role of the police and the way appropriate responses are specified.


This paper investigates the problem of the state-feedback control design for a class of interconnected nonlinear full-state time-delay systems with strong interconnection and prescribed performance. Based on the dynamic gain approach and Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, it overcomes the rigorous restriction that the interconnected time-delay functions should satisfy linear growth condition. Compared with the existing results, the main contribution is that the dynamic gain approach is extended to state-feedback control for interconnected time-delay systems, and it is strictly proved that the closed-loop system is globally bounded stable with the proposed decentralised control strategy. The problem of the strong interconnection terms is solved by combining the backstepping approach and graph theory. Furthermore, the expected transient and steady-state performance of the output can be guaranteed by considering prescribed performance control into such strongly interconnected systems. Finally, simulation is performed and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


. Following is the invited perspective of an academic researcher and director of a multi-institutional research and education project tasked to test the feasibility of adopting light-emitting diode (LED) technology for application by the commercial horticulture industry. Academics researching basic specialty-crop responses to spectra, intensities, and durations of lighting with LEDs often find technical queries from growers, vendors, and entrepreneurs to go beyond the capabilities and scope of systematic research to answer definitively. Differences between commercial and academic research approaches to LED technology development are noted, including legal obstacles to open collaboration. Early generation commercial LED technology for horticultural applications is based on research begun >20 years ago. The basis for selection of various LED wavebands for inclusion in LED plant growth arrays is presented for both commercial as well as research applications. Advantages of light distribution from LED sources for different crop applications are presented, especially including close-canopy and intracanopy lighting, both of which contribute substantially to energy savings. Challenges to providing accurate LED light prescriptions for different crops are discussed, including those for supplemental lighting as well as for sole-source lighting applications. Anticipated trends are projected for horticultural applications of LED technology, including multispectral, individually adjustable, high-intensity arrays; increasing electrical efficacy of future LEDs; and reduced costs of mass production for particular applications. The author


On the basis of testing October Railway locomotive crews was developed the mathematical model of evaluating. This model could help to improve level of technical education on October Railway. The use of proposed method is less labor-intensive than the expert approach. The model is based on methods of multivariate statistical analysis. Method can be used to assess the skills of employees for the map of competences. In addition, this model will identify poorly trained staff when working in conjunction with e-learning system. Model can be applied not only for the evaluation of test results locomotive crews, but also to assess the learning of other employees of railway.