We model the dust and free-free continuum emission in the high-mass star-forming region Sagittarius B2 in order to reconstruct the three-dimensional density and dust temperature distribution, as a crucial input to follow-up studies of the gas velocity field and molecular abundances. We employ the three-dimensional radiative transfer program RADMC-3D to calculate the dust temperature self-consistently, provided a given initial density distribution. This density distribution of the entire cloud complex is then recursively reconstructed based on available continuum maps, including both single-dish and high-resolution interferometric maps covering a wide frequency range (40 GHz - 4 THz). The model covers spatial scales from 45 pc down to 100 au, i.e. a spatial dynamic range of 10^5.
We find that the density distribution of Sagittarius B2 can be reasonably well fitted by applying a superposition of spherical cores with Plummer-like density profiles. In order to reproduce the spectral energy distribution, we position Sgr B2(N) along the line of sight behind the plane containing Sgr B2(M). We find that the entire cloud complex comprises a total gas mass of 8.0 x 10^6 Msun within a diameter of 45 pc, corresponding to an averaged gas density of 170 Msun/pc^3. We estimate stellar masses of 2400 Msun and 20700 Msun and luminosities of 1.8 x 10^6 Lsun and 1.2 x 10^7 Lsun for Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M), respectively. We report H_2 column densities of 2.9 x 10^24 cm^-2 for Sgr B2(N) and 2.5 x 10^24 cm^-2 for Sgr B2(M) in a 40" beam. For Sgr B2(S), we derive a stellar mass of 1100 Msun, a luminosity of 6.6 x 10^5 Lsun and a H_2 column density of 2.2 x 10^24 cm^-2 in a 40" beam. We calculate a star formation efficiency of 5% for Sgr B2(N) and 50% for Sgr B2(M), indicating that most of the gas content in Sgr B2(M) has already been converted to stars or dispersed.


Introduction Surgical manipulations at C7 level present the most difficulty during a posterior cervicothoracic fusion where instrumentation across the cervicothoracic junction is required. There is increased risk of vascular injury, neurological injury, and possibility of postoperative instability because of the surgical complications at this site. Placement of C7 instrumentation also poses additional difficulty during rod placement. Vertebral artery (when present) and C8 nerve roots are the most important structures susceptible to the surgical injury at C7 level. Our clinical observations suggested that skipping instrumentation at C7 in a multiple level posterior cervicothoracic fusion will result in minimal intraoperative complications, decreased surgical time, while still maintaining fixation, sagittal balance parameters, and successful rates of fusion. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of 49 patients (mean age: 62 years; range: 45–87 years) undergoing multilevel posterior cervicothoracic fusion between November 2010 and October 2014. Of the 49 patients, 42 had no screws placed at C7 level and 7 patients had instrumentation done at C7 and served as a control group. Assessment of the safety and efficacy of skipping C7 instrumentation were based on intraoperative complications, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and radiographic evidence of fusion and spine stability. Results There were no intraoperative complications though two patients (one skipped and one not skipped) required extended time under anesthesia because of the difficulty in patient positioning and intubation. Skipping C7 resulted in reduced average operative time compared with those patients instrumented at C7 (203 vs. 171 minutes, respectively). In addition, skipping C7 reduced average EBL compared with patients instrumented at C7 (531 vs. 445 mL, respectively). In addition, patients skipped at C7 maintained sagittal balance with fusion rates identical to control patients at follow-up with a very low incidence of pseudarthrosis. Conclusion Skipping instrumentation at C7 in a multilevel posterior cervicothoracic fusion demonstrates lower EBL and faster operative times compared with performing instrumentation at the C7 level. In addition, in a postoperative assessment of patients undergoing posterior cervicothoracic fusion identical rates of fusion were achieved. Serious negative outcomes of skipping C7 were not found in this retrospective study. The results of this study point to the clinical benefits of skipping C7 to minimize surgical risk and complications in patients undergoing posterior cervical fusion across the cervicothoracic junction.


The closure of institutions and relocation of people with intellectual disabilities to community living has been the focus of many nations' intellectual disability policies in the past three decades. The author studied the relocation of 58 people from a large institution to 11 small group homes in several Australian communities. Organizational factors that contributed to a mismatch of expectations on such dimensions as individualized support and inclusion were examined. The author discusses these in a broader context of social policy developments, including the privatization and contracting-out of service provision that shifted the government's role to one of purchaser rather than provider of services; regulatory concerns in employment practices that impacted the flow of information about residents; and contract specifications that focused on individuals, leaving responsibility for tackling systemic issues uncertain. Recommendations that draw attention to the renewed emphasis on partnerships rather than business relationships and attend to broader community development strategies that have concurrently occurred in Australia are provided.


This article is a study of the several hundred North Yemenis who went out from isolated Yemen for education between 1947 and 1959. It focuses on their backgrounds, what and where they studied, the impact on them of this experience, what they did when they returned and, finally, the impact they have had on the Yemen most hoped to change. The major conclusion is that their impact has been modest and that this is best explained by Yemen's soda-cultural system and the political structure it supports. To a remarkable degree, Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din of Yemen (1904-1948) insulated the traditional Islamic country he ruled from the modern world for a generation - in part, by not allowing his subjects to leave his domain. In the mid-1940s, however, he was persuaded by advisers to send a group of boys abroad to learn some of the skills required to govern and provide for the needs of the imamate. This group became known in Yemen and abroad as the Famous Forty.1 Beginning with this group in 1947 and ending somewhat arbitrarily in 19592 - a bit more than a decade -several hundred boys went abroad from North Yemen for secondary and then higher education.3 While emigration for work was not new to some parts of North Yemen, especially the southern uplands, emigration specifically for education was. These several hundred young men, including the Famous Forty, comprise North Yemen's first generation of educational emigrants - and they were to become its first-generation modernists.4 This study attempts to address a number of questions: Who were these several hundred young men? Where did they come from geographically and what were their economic and socio-cultural - their family, tribal, and religious - backgrounds? Where did they go for education, what did they study and for how long did they stay abroad? Did the origins and backgrounds of the waves of young men who went abroad change significantly from the beginning to the end of this decade? What did they experience abroad, in and out of school, and what were the effects of these experiences on them? Finally, if they returned to Yemen after their studies (as nearly all of them did) what did they do and what did they accomplish over subsequent decades? More specifically, what was their role in, and impact upon, the Yemen that has emerged over the past four decades, since the 1962 Revolution that replaced the theocratic imamate with the republic and brought pre-modern, traditional Yemen face-to-face with the twentieth century? The tentative answers to these questions are based on data collected on nearly 150 of these men between 1976 and 1981.5 Much of the information on these men came from a small number of informants; no one contributed as much, by far, as did Muhammad Anaam Ghaleb.6 Himself a first-eeneration modernist, in 1948 Muhammad Anaam went out from the Taiz area of North Yemen via Aden for secondary education and then law school in Egypt. One of the first Yemenis to get a US government scholarship for graduate study, he went to the University of Texas (Austin) in 1958 where he studied for two years and wrote a later-published MA thesis.7 He taught at Bilqis College in Aden upon his return to Yemen; then, after the 1962 Revolution and the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR), he was Minister of Education in 1963, founding head of the Statistical Office in 1968 and Minister of Information and Higher Education in 1974. Finally, Muhammad Anaam was dean of the National Institute for Public Administration (NIPA) from 1974 until the early 1990s. My interest in Yemen's first-generation modernists is twofold. At mid-twentieth century, North Yemen was one of the latest of late-developing nation-states, perhaps in Kenneth Organski's earliest stage of development, the stage of primitive unification.8 Most of these men have been involved in modern institution building -especially state-building - in the years since the creation of the YAR in 1962.9 As such, they are the late-twentieth century equivalents of the colleagues of Cavour and Mazzini in nineteenth-century Italy or Cardinal Richelieu in seventeenth-century France. …


The purpose of this research is to explore the influence of zinc tablet to primer dismenore pain level. It is a quantitative research with quasi experiment method, and the research plan that was used is one group pretest and posttest. Sample taking technique in this research was saturated sampling. Zinc administration was done for four days before menstruation, using 30 mg/day dose. This research statistics showed using wilcoxon statistic test, p=s is 0.001. The conclusion is there is a significant influence of zinc tablet administration to primer dismenore pain level.


The Japanese high-speed railway servicewas launched in 1964, during a time ofrapid economic and demographic growth.It gave birth to a new, standardizedgeneration of railway stations, andembodied the Tokaido Megalopolis.Originally centred on the capital city, itsnetwork now stretches across the entirecountry, seeking a better balance in termsof regional economic development andthe revitalization of peripheral areas.Topographical constraints, natural risksand technical choices (elevated tracks,frequent tunnels, and speci! c rail gauge)led to a physically and technicallyautonomous infrastructure in terms ofland use. The service, running with highfrequency through a historically denseurban network, de! nes the shinkansenas an intercity transportation system: itsstations are located in the city centres,often next to the existing conventionalcentral stations. This policy o8 ers ahigh level of accessibility and completeintermodality.There are three dominant types ofdevelopment in relation to existingurban areas (combined with a centralstation, distant and with or without a localtransport connection). The architecturalmorphology of the shinkansen station asa bridge makes it adaptable to varioussituations. It can be de! ned as a pragmatictype of model.


Automatic pattern recognition by means of fuzzy logic had been applied to several fields during the last years. The spectral properties of different land cover types as seen in multiband images can also be interpreted as patterns in the dimension of gray values. Fuzzy clustering therefore is a new promising approach to mapping land cover from remotely send images. The traditional method of classifying a remotely sensed image is the transformation via a classification algorithm into a single classified image of the land surface, but natural landscapes present a continuum of variety at many different scales and a high proportion of the discretely sampled pixels within an image contains mixed spectral signature and are not easily placed into fixed thematic classes. The estimation of fuzzy memberships to vague classes of land cover more faithfully represents the true situation.


Given Ukraine's high dependence on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and the availability of great biomass potential, it has been proven that bioenergy is one of the strategic directions of the sector's development in renewable energy sources. It is determined that the pace of bioenergy development in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is established, that in the developed countries of the world use of biomass as a source of energy continues to play an important role because of a significant increase in prices for oil and gas, as well as the growing demand for protection of the environment. Therefore, the introduction of modern technologies for continuous energy production from biomass is an important condition for the solution of problems of supply of energy and prevent degradation of the environment. The possibility of using biofuels in the Kyiv region is proved, the investment attractiveness of this region as a source of thermal energy is revealed. The methodical approach to estimating the theoretical potential of waste due to the use of alternative energy sources is substantiated. The theoretical energy potential of the biomass of by-products of agricultural crops of private enterprise "Sosnova" was assessed, which made it possible to determine the prospects of an agricultural enterprise in the energy supply of the Kyiv region at the expense of biofuels. According to the generally accepted method, the theoretical energy potential of straw and vegetable waste of private enterprise "Sosnova" was calculated, which in the market turnover in 2019 amounted to 8392 tons of oil equivalent. It was determined that the predominant type of biomass in the studied enterprise were corn stalks and wheat straw. On the example of the object of the school, which is located near the investigated enterprise, the calculation of savings on heating by replacing the traditional type of fuel (natural gas) with biofuel. The calculations show that due to biofuels the company can provide 28% of the school's need for the heating season. The savings will be - 60.6 thousand UAH and its use allow you to save about 43% of fuel annually.


Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (CHAp) is hydroxyapatite (HAp) substituted with carbonate ions that are similar to natural bone inorganic constituents. CHAp based on abalone mussel shells (Halioitis asinina) with calcination temperature variations were successfully synthesized using the precipitation method. Abalone mussel shells powder was calcined at 650, 800 and 1000°C for 4 hours, that aimed to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) which has the best characteristics as a source of calcium (Ca) in the CHAp synthesis process. The effect of calcination temperature variations on the characteristics of abalone mussel shells powder was investigated and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). In this study, calcination temperature variations affected the crystalline phase and the percentage of calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO32-) ions. The results of the characterization show that the calcination temperature at 1000°C is the optimum temperature to obtain CaO powder as a source of calcium (Ca) in CHAp synthesis.


The skew-normal model is a class of distributions that extends the Gaussian family by including a skewness parameter. This model presents some inferential problems linked to the estimation of the skewness parameter. In particular its maximum likelihood estimator can be infinite especially for moderate sample sizes and is not clear how to calculate confidence intervals for this parameter. In this work, we show how these inferential problems can be solved if we are interested in the distribution of extreme statistics of two random variables with joint normal distribution. Such situations are not uncommon in applications, especially in medical and environmental contexts, where it can be relevant to estimate the distribution of extreme statistics. A theoretical result, found by Loperfido [7], proves that such extreme statistics have a skew-normal distribution with skewness parameter that can be expressed as a function of the correlation coefficient between the two initial variables. It is then possible, using some theoretical results involving the correlation coefficient, to find approximate confidence intervals for the parameter of skewness. These theoretical intervals are then compared with parametric bootstrap intervals by means of a simulation study. Two applications are given using real data.


SAMPLES OF PAVING-GRADE ASPHALTS FROM ELEVEN DIFFERENT PAVING PROJECTS IN THE STATE OF ARKANSAS WERE SUBJECTED TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS TO DETERMINE THE STRESS RELAXATION MODULI, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE CHEMICAL FRACTIONS. THE STRESS RELAXATION MODULI WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A ROTATIONAL CONICYLINDRICAL VISCOMETER, THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF A CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUE, AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE FRACTIONS WERE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF THE MELTING POINT DEPRESSION OF A PURE SOLVENT METHOD. A STEP-WISE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO CORRELATE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS VISCOSITY, DUCTILITY, AND PENETRATION WITH THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS COMPOSITION AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT. AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO DETERMINE HOW THE FOREGOING CHEMICAL PROPERTIES VARIED WITH SAMPLE AGE. THE REGRESSION ANALYSIS YIELDED 206 LINEAR EQUATIONS OF WHICH 114 OR 55.3% HAD A MULTIPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT OF 75% OR HIGHER. THE AGING STUDIES INDICATED THAT THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES GENERALLY CHANGED AS THE SAMPLES AGED TO THE DETRIMENT OF DESIRABLE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. /NTIS/


The activation requirements ofT lymphocytes, especially cytotoxic T lymphocytes, has been a matter of considerable controversy. Cytotoxic effector T cells have been shown to be specifically induced after in vivo or in vitro immunization and polyclonally induced by T-cell mitogens (1-3). T-cell cytotoxic capacity is found 5-7 days after alloimmunization or 24-48 h after mitogen activation. These results imply that some reprogramming of the cell is necessary before the expression of effector functions. Activation of cytotoxic T cells has been found to be enhanced by T-T cell collaboration (4-6), to be dependent of the presence of macrophages (7), and to require DNA synthesis and cell division (8-10). T lymphocytes can be stimulated by complexes of synthetic polyadenylic:polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) 1 causing enhancement ofT-cell helper activity (11, 12). Poly A:U enhancement of helper functions cannot be explained by a mitogenic effect of the polynucleotides on T lymphocytes and is probably due to a stimulated production of antigen-nonspecific Tcell factors (13, 14). Such factors also interfere with the induction of tolerance to a Tdependent antigen-soluble bovine gamma globulin (15, 16).


(2000) J Adv Nurs 31, 370. Meehan T, Vermeer C, Windsor C. . Patients' perceptions of seclusion: a qualitative investigation. . Feb; . : . –7 .

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 QUESTION: How do patients experience seclusion during short term inpatient treatment in a mental health facility?

Semi structured interviews.

2 open, acute care units of a large tertiary mental health facility in Queensland, Australia.

12 patients (58% men) who were 18–52 years of age and were secluded in the previous 7 days (mean duration 3.4 h).

Semi structured, thematically organised interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts were checked for errors against the audiotaped versions and were analysed using the process of meaning categorisation. Themes were identified and coded to produce categories. All members of the research team agreed on the final categorisations. These broad categories were further analysed, and themes were used to reflect patients' experiences of seclusion.

5 recurrent themes emerged. (1) Patients described the use of seclusion . Some patients thought that seclusion was used inappropriately and that the seclusion period was of more benefit to …

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Introduction. International literature indicates that self-efficacy and resilience are interrelated and they both predict teachers' burnout and stress. In order to better understand their intertwining relationship, the present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that resilience mediates the effect of efficacy beliefs to burnout and stress. Method. psychometric properties. Results. The results partially confirmed our hypothesis showing that three of the resilience subscales, Social-Professional Resilience, Adaptability and Motivational Resilience, partially mediated the relationship of self-efficacy with burnout and stress. Out of the four resilience subscales, Emotional Resilience was found to fully mediate in the above relationship and had the strongest predictive power over burnout and stress. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings are discussed in light of recent evidence in the field and their implications for practice and future research are pointed out.


This chapter summarises the key findings – positive and negative – from the 2016 Global YDI, as well as the policy-relevant insights on youth development emerging from the research undertaken for this report.


Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease for poultry caused by avian paramyxovirus which can be identified by its nature of agglutination activity with red blood cell (RBC) of different species. The study was aimed to characterize the hemagglutinating (HA) activity of ND virus (NDV) at three different temperatures using RBC of five avian species, six mammalian species, and eight different human blood groups. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from January to December 2014 at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Five avian and six different mammalian species were selected for the study. In each species, two blood samples were collected aseptically. Eight different blood groups (A+, A−, B+, B−, AB+, AB−, O+, and O−) were studied in human. HA test was performed using two virus strains ND lasota and field isolate of very virulent NDV (VVNDV) with mentioned species of RBC at chilling (4°C), incubating (37°C), and room temperature (24°C). Results: Avian RBC requires less time for agglutination than mammalian RBC. Incubation temperature (37°C) requires lowest time and chilling temperature requires highest time for agglutination of RBC. Duck RBC requires lowest time (17.81 min) while chicken RBC needs highest (57.5 min) time for HA at incubation temperature and at chilling temperature, respectively, against ND lasota virus and with field strain. Goat RBC requires significantly higher time for HA (184.68 min) at chilling temperature than other mammalian species. Human RBC requires almost similar time but O+ and O− blood group do not show any HA activity. Significant variation (p<0.05) found in quail RBC at incubation temperature. In mammalian species, a significant difference (p<0.05) has been observed in goat and horse RBC at chilling; horse and dog RBC at incubation; goat, horse, buffalo, and dog RBC at room temperature. In human, significant variation (p<0.05) has been found in A+, A− and B− blood group in chilling, in B+ blood group at incubation and A+, B+, B−, AB− blood group at room temperature against two virus strains. Conclusion: ND is considered as an economically significant disease which is highly contagious in nature infecting many avian species. The threat of ND outbreak to poultry industry necessitates effective control measures to reduce the burden in commercial and backyard farming in Bangladesh.


Researched the analytical method for the determination of gibberellin acid residue in vegetables and fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography. The GA3, after being extrated by using80% methoanol water solution, decolored by petroleum ether, extracted by ethyl acetace, and then,purged by reversed extraction with Phosphate Buffer(PB) and extrated with ethyl acetate again, was separated on C18 column using methonl and 0.1% acetic acid solution as mobile phases and 206 nm as HPLC detected wavelength. The samples were qualitatived by retention time and quantified with the external calibration method. The results showed the method performed well within the linear range between 0.25 mg/L and 50 mg/L(r=0.999 9), and the limit of detection was 0.067 mg/kg. The method was used to detect the contents of GA3 in 6 kinds of vegetables and fruit, the recoveries for the spiked samples were ranged from 71.6% to 105.2%, and the variation coefficients were from 2.1% to 9.8%.


The invention relates to a method operating a hybrid vehicle and a control device thereof. The hybrid vehicle comprises a hybrid drive system (1) comprising an internal-combustion engine (2) and a motor (3), a clutch (6) connected between the internal-combustion engine and the motor and a transmission (5) connected between the hybrid drive system and a driven device (4). During a hybrid-mode ride in deceleration of the internal-combustion engine for transition to the purely electric drive, the internal-combustion engine may be disconnected from the output and shut down. When the internal-combustion engine is operated unfired in a fuel cut-off mode, the internal-combustion engine may be disconnected from the output and shut down by reducing the transmission capacity of the clutch that is connected between the internal-combustion engine and the electric motor.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Second trimester abortion is known as termination of pregnancy from 13-28 weeks of gestation which can be further divided into early second trimester as 13-22 weeks and late as 23-28 weeks. In our study we have limited up to early second trimester. We intend to see the success rate of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical induction, median time required for expulsion, complication and need of dilation and evacuation in some cases. This study also aims to give a review of current literature in mid trimester abortion with respect to efficacy, complication and also to provide evidencebase recommendation for safe regimens for mid trimester pregnancy termination. Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 40 pregnant women at second trimester admitted for termination of pregnancy in Kathmandu medical collage teaching hospital for the period of six month. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref: 2207202002). Convenient sampling was done. All the pregnant women who need to terminate their pregnancy at second trimester (13-22weeks) were admitted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching hospital for termination of pregnancy were included in the study. Results: Among the 40 women, who had termination of pregnancy at second trimester 37(92.5%) had successful medical termination whereas 3 (7.5%) needed dilatation and evacuation. Conclusions: The combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol have excellent result for termination of pregnancy if appropriately used after evaluating the patient with minimal complications.


The results of experimental studies of functioning filtration exhaust hood to capture contaminated convective stream while burning a candles in memorial churches: theoretical calculation of the required parameters of the exhaust air, study of the movement of removed flows using mathematical modeling. Burning candles in memorial churches form combustion products (carbon-containing aerosols, soot) negatively effect on people inside and a memorable murals with the fresco. There are local exhaust ventilation system for pollutant removing, transported through a network of air ducts into the atmosphere. It is necessary to create a system for removing and filtering air from the source of harmful emissions inside premises, in which it is impossible to disturb the interior. A patent review of ventilation devices for the removal of polluted air was carried out for design development. This work is aimed at evaluating the possibility of using the developed device in memorial temples. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: 1) determine the effectiveness of the developed utility model; 2) determine the main parameters of the removed air and the development of the convective flow over the heat source; 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of trapping harmful emissions by the developed device.


S ome promising developments for people with severe and disabling mental illnesses occurred in the first decade of the 21st century. The keynote was sounded by a special national project, the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. The Commission issued a scathing indictment of American mental health services, especially those for people with the most severe illnesses, and a corollary call for massive reform. The federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration responded with an ambitious reform agenda featuring grants to transform state mental health service systems and projects to identify, package and disseminate proven treatment approaches. Operating one of the world's largest systems of health care, the Veterans Administration followed suit. In the 1990s, the Institute of Medicine issued a major position paper, arguing that practitioners are not as influenced by current scientific research as they should be. By 2000, this concern had spread to the mental health scientific and professional communities. The idea of evidence-based practice (also variously termed evidence-based medicine, science-based practice, research-validated treatment, etc.) quickly became associated with broader aspects of mental health service reform. the community


ABSTRACT At the outset of a clinical relationship, boundaries are created in order to define the therapeutic relationship, outline the treatment process, and explain the limits of confidentiality. Although clients initially agree to these conditions, there are instances when clients violate these boundaries by engaging in stalking behaviors against their mental health providers. It is estimated that between 10-20% of mental health professionals will be stalked by a client over the course of their careers. Stalking is a crime that does not discriminate, and there is no correlation between its occurrence and a clinician's skill level or experience. Despite this real threat to clinician safety, there is a lack of awareness and training on this issue and a majority of clinicians report feeling unprepared to handle such behaviors.


This article addresses the question of how institutions count in the processes of social and economic development. The question is narrowed down to public institutions and to local development in Southern Italy. The paper makes a case for the autonomous analytical relevance of the concept of institutions in respect to those of social capital and local collective competition goods. It argues that well-performing public institutions embody an institutional capital which indeed represents a public good. The main obstacle to the development of many areas of Southern Italy is subsequently conceptualized as an institutional deficit. The importance of institutional capital to face the challenge of innovation in the new competitive global scenario is recalled. Following the argument previously developed, some suggestions on the kind of actions that need to be undertaken are offered.


Thank you for reading advanced mathematics and mechanics applications using matlab. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this advanced mathematics and mechanics applications using matlab, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Successful commercialization of Nanosystems based devices largely depends on the development of manufacturing tools and strategies that address micro and nanoscale integration challenges at systems level. The present work brings out some of the challenges involved in accomplishing this, and presents both hardware and software based strategies used to accomplish this integration. Assembly at the nanoscale demands ultra high precision and involves physical effects vastly different from other scales. In addition to this, the lack of techniques to accomplish simultaneous sensing and manipulation, coupled with slow and bulky metrological equipments such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM) or atomic force microscopes (AFM) make conventional robotics obsolete for micro-nano integration. The integration strategy presented in this paper involves using microrobots to overcome these challenges and implements a new type of control scheme applicable to micro/nanorobotics. This novel and scalable hybrid control has been configured keeping in mind the (i) precision requirements, (ii) tolerance budgets, (iii) sensor field and workspace, and (iv) surface effects. This control scheme is designed to optimize assembly yield and the cycle time.


though the complexity of the matter had challenged organization. But it is, in the end, an effect with its own peculiar reward; for a study of this kind cannot be trimmed or pruned at will. A true sense of one individual's relations with his milieu can come only by knowing and recognizing the almost irreducible variety and diversity of those relations. These Professor Fay has striven to comprehend and delineate in rich detail. In this respect his study is admirably successful. SIDNEY A. BURRELL, Barnard College


Apparently there remains uncertainty in some quarters as to whether political actors are subject to fiduciary accountability. The reasons for that uncertainty are not obvious. Persons who undertake public service functions fit easily within the conventional conception of fiduciary accountability. While the "people" as a polity are not status fiduciaries to anyone per se, the authority units created by the people are accountable as fiduciaries to the people. Nothing implies that political actors should be exempt from the standard strict regulation.


In 2008,Barack Obama was elected the president of U.S as the first black president in U.S.history,which is a reflection of the American people on how to overcome the current difficulties faced by American society as an option.Obama,in order to restore the negative image of the United States in the international,changed the foreign policy of the previous Bush administration,especially the policy of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region.Such changes affect the sub-Pacific region and the Asia Pacific region.


The COVID-19 pandemic has had several repercussions, particularly on the nurses' mental health, which is adversely affected in their everyday life role as caregivers; therefore, it is a priority to take care of this issue as part of the human right to health. With this conviction and my experience as a clinical nurse, researcher, and scholar, this editorial presents part of a lesson learned in the support and fostering group for nurses in crisis, who face uncertainty, suffering due to contagion, and the death of their relatives and coworkers.


Study on Activities of Daily Living(ADLs) can be used in many research fields, but it is very complex. In this paper 40 basic ADLs were summarized by collecting and analyzing all the ADLs of human body. Then the experiments on 9 healthy adults who performed these 40 activities were conducted. All the procedure was recorded by using a digital vidicon. As a result 17 typical basic actions were obtained by disassembling and abstracting each ADL. These basic actions can substitute for ADLs when we research on the ROM in motion measurement of human body and other research fields, such as study on safety ergonomics of the living space for the aged and disabled, evaluating an individual¿s ability to perform ADLs etc. Experiment efficiency can be improved greatly with the results of this paper.


In this paper, optimization design is carried out comprehensively for execution mechanism of the detachable container. Firstly, formulae are derived for kinematics analysis and force analysis of the execution mechanism. Secondly, a mathematical model is established for optimization design of the execution mechanism. Thirdly, half-penalty function method is selected as the optimization method. A C++ program is compiled for optimization design of the execution mechanism. Finally, an example of the execution mechanism is optimized by the compiled C++ program. Motion simulation of the optimized execution mechanism is carried out. The simulation result shows that the optimization result is satisfactory.


Author(s): Dupont, M; Laflorencie, N | Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. Many-body localization (MBL) addresses the absence of thermalization in interacting quantum systems, with nonergodic high-energy eigenstates behaving as ground states, only area-law entangled. However, computing highly excited many-body eigenstates using exact methods is very challenging. Instead, we show that one can address high-energy MBL physics using ground-state methods, which are much more amenable to many efficient algorithms. We find that a localized many-body ground state of a given interacting disordered Hamiltonian H0 is a very good approximation for a high-energy eigenstate of a parent Hamiltonian, close to H0 but more disordered. This construction relies on computing the covariance matrix, easily achieved using density-matrix renormalization group for disordered Heisenberg chains up to L=256 sites.


A roof solar chimney (RSC) is inclined in the roof of a building wherein solar radiation is employed to heat the air the channel. The hot air flows up the channel which can be used to induce flow out of the building in order to ventilate it. In this study, parameters that affect the performance of this natural ventilation system were investigated numerically, namely: inclination angles, channel gaps, solar intensities, vertical chimney attachment heights and channel expanding angles. The two last parameters were new concepts that seem to have never been studied before. All of the mentioned parameters were found to exhibit positive effects on the ventilation. Relative merits of these techniques were compared and discussed.


Our Country basically adopts hydraulic ash disposal (storage) method and, in order to save water, gradually adopts dry ash disposal (storage) method in resent years. Taking the dry ash yard of the newly built engineering of Hequ Power Plant (2 × 600MW)as the example, this paper introduces the design of the dam body and excessive water draining structures of valley dry ash yard.


The coronavirus disease 2019 is a global pandemic that threatens lives of many people and poses a significant burden for healthcare systems worldwide. Computerized Tomography can detect lung infections, especially in asymptomatic cases, and the detection process can be aided by deep learning. Most of the recent research focused on the segmentation of the entire infected region in a lung. To automate a more fine-grained analysis, a generative adversarial network, comprising two convolutional neural networks, was developed for the segmentation of ground glass opacities and consolidations from tomographic images. The first convolutional neural network acts as a generator of segmented masks, and the second as a discriminator of real and artificially segmented objects, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network outperforms the baseline U-Net segmentation model on the benchmark data set of 929 publicly available images. The dice similarity coefficients of segmenting ground glass opacities and consolidations are 0.664 and 0.625, respectively.


The study of gradients can provide basic information about the ecology of plant populations as well as about community organization. In this study, north-south facing vegetation gradients were investigated in a submediterranean region of South Hungary. Vegetation was examined along five contiguous belt transects, each 200 m long, crossing the mountain ridge or plateau. Plant community sequences were identified visually during field studies. Moreover, community boundaries were delineated objectively, using the moving-split window analysis. In addition, number and size of the population patches were analyzed. This study revealed that mesic forest communities of the northern slopes are replaced by shrubforests and closed rock swards near the ridge, whereas mosaics of shrubforests and open rock swards occur on the southern slopes. Number of significant community boundaries was higher on the southern slopes than on the northern ones. Southern slopes support much more plant species. They have more population patches, which are significantly smaller than patches of the northern slopes. Community sequences along north-south gradients in the Villany Mts are similar to those of the nearby mountainous areas, with one fundamental difference of the xeric grasslands near the ridge. The conclusion of the present paper is that this sequence represents a transitional type between the submediterranean-subcontinental and the continental types. In addition, southern slopes support higher biodiversity and are more patchy than northern ones.


OBJECTIVE To study the effects of oncogene in non small cell carcinoma of lung. METHODS The expression of Fas/FasL proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in 45 cases of non small cell carcinoma of lung. RESULTS Out of 45 cases, Fas was positive in 18 cases and FasL was positive in 14 cases, and there had a positive correlation between the expression of Fas and FasL. CONCLUSION The expression of FasL was correlated with histological types of carcinoma of lung. The expression of Fas/FasL proteins in non small cell carcinoma of lung may play an important role in the escape of tumor cells from immune function.


Code division multiple access (CDMA) will be an important part of 3rd generation mobile communication systems worldwide. Besides its many advantages, CDMA has the disadvantage that CDMA systems are interference limited. However, this limitation can be overcome by proper multiuser detection (MUD). We propose a MUD based on recurrent neural networks (RNN). This algorithm provides a performance which is close to the optimum MUD, while keeping the computational complexity low. Furthermore, the regular structure of the algorithm facilitates a hardware (HW) implementation utilizing distributed computation. The HW platform we target at are field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Compared to application specific integrated circuits, FPGAs allow a much faster and more flexible hardware implementation. We have implemented the algorithm with a fixed point arithmetic and investigated the minimum number of binary digits required so that the performance of the algorithm does not degrade substantially. Furthermore an efficient implementation of the tanh nonlinearity is presented.


Aim of this case: To highlight the presentation of rapidly enlarging parotid haemangioma in three children who were all successfully managed with oral propranolol. Case report: Parotid haemangioma in infancy, albeit rare, has been vastly reported due to it being the most common tumour of the salivary gland in infants. Despite that, the presence of a rapidly enlarging tumour in "the little ones" may be daunting, leading to countless unwarranted procedures by attending physicians. Herein, we present three cases of infantile rapidly tumefying parotid lesions which were diagnosed clinically with the support of imaging, and successfully managed by promptly initiating oral propranolol. Conclusion: Although several recent reports have been reviewed, the challenges in diagnosis and management of the condition need to be individualised.


Previous studies have quantified the extent of usage, knowledge, and relationship of people's behavior in regard to food supplements—particularly in developed countries such as the United States. Despite the prevalence of supplements use and the issues surrounding its use, there has been little or no study of supplement use in a developing country like the Philippines. This study aimed to explore, qualitatively, the concept, motivations, and expectations of a select group of Filipino elderly relative to their use of commercialized food supplements (CFS). Five faculty extendees from a private university in the Philippines were selected in this phenomenological study. A two-part research instrument consisting of a robotfoto and a face-to-face interview guide with semistructured questions was used. Extended texts were subjected to phenomenological reduction via repertory grid analysis. Conceptual clusters that emerged were subjected to the member checking procedure for purposes of ensuring data trustworthiness. Through constant comparison of the concepts, expectations, and motivations of the respondents of the study relative to their use of CFSs, a clear-cut taxonomy of users was identified: (a) the idealist-experimentalist and (b) the realist-pragmatist. The emerged typologies in this study create a picture that can help healthcare providers understand the dynamics of patient behavior toward CFS use. Implications of the study to health education are also documented in this paper.


The 1990s, internationally co-produced, television series Highlander was an early, successful example of everyday television produced under the pressures of negotiating the dictates of internationally conceived agreements concerning culture, representation, finance, and circulation. This essay parallels an institutional analysis of the series with a textual analysis of its fictive world and characters to examine the series' attempts to elide the structural conditions and textual constraints underwriting its existence. To do so, the essay teases out the intricacies and implications of a new take on the colonial-era fantasy of cosmopolitan existence embraced by the series and embodied by the program's hero. It argues that this immortal cosmopolitanism offers a means for understanding the series as characteristic of transformations in the practice of transnational television production and circulation as a response to the globalization of neo-liberal economies. The machinations behind what gets displayed on screens around the world reveal a great deal about the substance of the global circulation of culture. At the same time, the text itself negotiated the pressures of attempting to appear constantly local and amenable as it traveled around the world. Highlander is significant for the specific ways in which it negotiated these pressures, revealing something of an allegorical take on its own existence as it imagined a hero that was relevant and interesting to globally-dispersed audiences in the 1990s: the immortal cosmopolitan.


A new species of Chydoridae cladoceran (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae) is described from the Cerrado (a Brazilian tropical savanna ecoregion), Central Brazil. Ephemeroporus quasimodo sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus in a high dorsal keel on carapace and posterior part of the head shield, which resembles a hunchback. Parthenogenetic females, ephippial females and males are described, including details of trunk limb morphology. The species is endemic to shallow wetlands found in the Cerrado, where pristine conditions are preserved. Some questions on genus morphology and taxonomic status of Ephemeroporus species occurring in Brazil are discussed.


OBJECTIVES.Manganese (III) mesoporphyrin (Mn–mesoporphyrin), a synthetic and stable complex, was investigated for its hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties and compared with manganese tetrakis–(4 sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (Mn–TPPS4). METHODS.Liver abscesses (n = 10) and tumors (n = 14) were induced in rats. These rats then underwent MRI at 2.0 T. Animals received one of the two contrast agents, and measurement of lesion enhancement was performed. RESULTS.At an intravenous dose of 0.035 mmol/kg, Mn–mesoporphyrin caused significant enhancement of normal liver parenchyma and increased the lesion–to–liver contrast in both the models of heptic liver abscess and metastatic liver disease. Mn–TTPS4 at an intravenous dose of 0.04 mmol/kg typically enhanced both lesion and normal liver parenchyma and therefore did not improve the lesion–to–liver contrast. CONCLUSIONS.The hepatotrophic properties of Mnmesoporphyrin indicate its potential as an intravenous contrast agent for liver imaging


In this paper, structural modifications to the current spatial stereo coding are developed, and two novel complete structures are proposed based on those modifications. Through analyzing the problems of frequency band partition, algorithmic delay, and computational complexity of the current spatial stereo coding on a structural level, 3 schemes, analysis-by-synthesis frequency band partition parallel mono and spatial processing, and filter-bank/transform sharing are put forward. They are shown to be able to solve the problems with reasonable restrictions.


Safeguarding the health and safety of consumers, especially the poor, impoverished and vulnerable in Third World countries, is an issue ofprime concern for the international consumer movement as represented by the International Organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU), a federation of some 170 consumer groups in some 60 countries. The issue is particularly significant both in view of the growing internationalisation of trade (with increasing domination of global economy by a small but powerful cartel of transnational corporations—TNCs), and in view of some corporations knowingly putting profits before people—an unconscionable act which has contributed to a litany of mortality and morbidity from the 'dumping' of hazardous products.


Provenance metadata is the basis of assessing open data quality and trustworthiness. It is expected to solve the problems of unclear semantics and low level of interoperability, if provenance metadata standard and provenance ontology will be applied to the open data portal of Chinese government. This paper extracted provenance metadata in the W3C DCAT standard specification and presented the provenance according to two typical cases of "historical data" and "multiple formats". Finally, the machine-readable PROV-JSON format provenance metadata record examples were given. The introduction of DCAT/DC metadata and PROV ontology can improve the standardization of provenance and the level of interoperability, which is conducive to the wide application of provenance information.


The basic strategy of Open University building pilot is terminal success,also is the proposition about learning center,which is an important part of the construction of Open University,cannot do without the relationship between system construction and environmental factors,the relationship between the deep-seated problems construction of Open University system,involves the principles of educational ecology.In this paper,from the perspective of ecological education,analyzes the university system as the Open University based niche be congenitally deficient,building an open learning center to fill what course,expounds the basic viewpoints of learning center construction should be based on niche for example learning center in reclamation area.


The literature available on pipeline flow behavior of emulsions is reviewed critically. New results concerning the laminar and turbulent flow behaviors of unstable (without any added surfactant) and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions are presented. The unstable emulsions exhibit drag reduction behavior in turbulent flow; the measured friction factors fall well below the values expected on the basis of the laminar flow properties. Unstable water-in-oil emulsions exhibit much stronger drag reduction activity than the unstable oil-in-water emulsions. The drag reduction activity diminishes (in some cases vanishes completely) upon the addition of a surfactant to the system.


Recent studies have suggested that teacher and learner beliefs about second language instruction have a significant influence on language teaching and learning process and, consequently, on students' achievements. However, in the Mozambican context, we still do not have studies focusing on learner and teacher beliefs about students and language proficiency, about teaching materials, about individual and cultural variations and beliefs about the learning process itself. Using ques- tionnaires and a focus group report, we look at the Mozambican linguistic profile, the learner and teacher beliefs and their influence in tertiary English Language Teaching (ELT) and learning. The results show that there is a need for creating an environment in which teachers' and learners' cultural background, beliefs and needs are considered so as to enable teachers to teach effectively, as well as enabling learners to achieve positive learning outcomes. Key words: beliefs, expectations, English Language Teaching, Mozambican students, Mozambique, second language learning


In this essay, I approach the question of privatization from a normative political theory perspective. Following Mégret's lead, I focus on the inter- or transnational domain, with the aim of making explicit the norms that undergird Mégret's analysis despite the functional approach he apparently adopts. I argue that the normative basis of the ideas of sovereignty and publicness he relies on is parasitic on the principles of democratic legitimacy developed on the level of the constitutional democratic state. Put differently, my concern is less with the potential demise of public international law that privatization seems to portend, and more with privatization's threat to democratic self-government under both domestic and international public law.


The full length cDNA encoding growth hormone of a freshwater fish, Carassius auratus gibelio var, was cloned from pituitary RNA with RT-PCR, 3'and 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The GH cDNA, about 1 191 nt(nucleotide) long, consisted of a open reading frame with 633 nt long, 5' and 3' untranslated regions with 55 nt and 503 nt long respectively, and a l4nt poly (A) tail. The DNA sequence analysis showed that there is a polyadenylation signal. The pregrowth hormone peptide of 210 AA deduced from CagvGH cDNA included a putative signal peptide (22 AA) locating in its N-terminal. Homological comparision among CagvGH AA and other species growth hormones showed that the homogeneities were 98.6%, 96.2%, 91.5%, 88.6%, 74.6%, and 49.5% compared with Carassius auratus, Cyprinids carpio, Megalobrama amblycephala, Danio rerio, Clarias batrachus, and Anguilla japonica, but under 40% compared with Mus musculus and Homo sapiens.


Key Points Question Are serum folate and vitamin B12 levels associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes? Findings In this cohort study of 8067 patients with type 2 diabetes, results suggested nonlinear associations of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels with risk of CVD mortality. Both low and high levels of serum vitamin B12 were associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality, whereas low levels of serum folate were associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality. Meaning These findings suggest that maintaining moderate levels of serum folate and vitamin B12 may decrease the risk of CVD death among patients with type 2 diabetes.


Due to many factors, the quality of students in higher vocational colleges has fall-en sharply. It's a question worth studying to get more students to listen, study, understand and learn in class. The traditional "task-driven teaching method" can-not fully adapt to the present higher vocational classroom teaching. This paper in-troduces the "task-driven small-step fast-forward teaching method" to improve the traditional "task-driven teaching method," and verifies with two courses in practice.


Bachground: C1q is assembled in 1:1:1 ratio from three subunits demanding synchronized expression of three genes in a cluster – C1q deficiency causes lupus Results: A PU.1/IRF8-stimulated `core promoter' appears to exist in this gene cluster Conclusion: A core promoter helps synchronize three C1q gene transcription Significance: This helps explain the highly conserved clustering of three C1q genes in all animal species including zebrafish


Ozone is formed in and downwind of urban areas from urban emissions of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. The main sources of VOCs in polluted air are motor vehicles, industrial solvents, processes in the petroleum and chemical industries, and vegetation. The main NOx sources are stationary-source fuel combustion (mainly electric utilities) and motor vehicles. Recent studies have demonstrated that VOC emissions from motor vehicles have been seriously underestimated, and this may well explain why ambient O3 has not responded well to control efforts. This review presents an overview of the sources, formation, and potential abatement strategies for O3 pollution in the troposphere, with particular emphasis on the mobile source contribution to O3 formation.


DOI: https://doi.org/10.25073/0866-773X/309 T ""just say no"" approach to moral education is as simplistic as the values clarification emphasis of the 1960s and 1970s. One solution is to combine the best approaches of past decades. The Comprehensive Values Education model is progressive and allembracing in content, methodology, and application throughout school and community.


There are rich reserves of coal and coal bed methane and coal seams are widely distributed in China.Coal seams are suitable to store CO2 in underground.The CO2 stored in seams could effectively reduce the CO2 emission.Meanwhile the storage of CO2 could improve the mining quantity of the coal bed methane and reduce the cost of the CO2 storage in underground.The paper introduced the adsorption theory,coal quality features,environment influence,real engineering application and other research progress of the CO2 storage in seam at home and abroad.


In the last few years, Transactional Memories (TMs) have been shown to be a parallel programming model that can effectively combine performance improvement with ease of programming. Moreover, the recent introduction of (H)TM-based ISA extensions, by major microprocessor manufacturers, also seems to endorse TM as a programming model for today's parallel applications. One of the central issues in designing Software TM (STM) systems is to identify mechanisms or heuristics that can minimize contention arising from conflicting transactions. Although a number of mechanisms have been proposed to tackle contention, such techniques have a limited scope, because conflict is avoided by either interrupting or serializing transaction execution, thus considerably impacting performance. This work explores a complementary approach to boost the performance of STM through the use of schedulers. A TM scheduler is a software component that decides when a particular transaction should be executed. Their effectiveness is very sensitive to the accuracy of the metrics used to predict transaction behaviour, particularly in high-contention scenarios. This work proposes a new Dynamic Transaction Scheduler — DTS to select a transaction to execute next, based on a new policy that rewards success and an improved metric that measures the amount of effective work performed by a transaction. Hardware TMs (HTM) are an interesting mechanism to implement TM as they integrate the support for transactions at the lowest, most efficient, architectural level. On the other hand, for some applications, HTMs can have their performance hindered by the lack of scalability and by limitations in cache store capacity. This work presents an extensive performance study of the implementation of HTM in the Haswell generation of Intel x86 core processors. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of this new architecture by exploring several dimensions in the space of TM application characteristics. This detailed performance study provides insights on the constraints imposed by the Intel's Transaction Synchronization Extension (Intel's TSX) and introduces a simple, but efficient, serialization policy for guaranteeing forward progress on top of the best-effort Intel's HTM which was critical to achieving performance.


Despite a rich and complete theory developed for robust control of linear systems, little work has been done for robust control of linear systems with constraints. In this paper, a synthesis method to design a model predictive controller which optimizes robust performance is proposed for a stable linear time-varying discrete-time system represented by a finite impulse response model. In the absence of constraints, we show that with this method robust bounded-input-bounded-output stability of the resulting closed-loop system is guaranteed. Both necessary and sufficient conditions for robust global asymptotic stability, i.e. offset free tracking for all plants in the set, are stated. Furthermore, robust global asymptotic stability is preserved for a class of asymptotically constant disturbances entering at the plant output. These results hold for any uncertainty description expressed in the time-domain. However, there is a trade-off between the generality of the uncertainty description and the computational complexity of the resulting optimization problem. For a broad class of uncertainty descriptions, we show that the optimization problem can be cast as a linear program of moderate size.


Advances continue to be made in our understanding of the basic biology of numerous musculoskeletal tissues. Research in diverse fields such as biomaterials, stem cell biology, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and genetics have also provided further insight relevant to orthopaedic tissues. This review will synthesize major developments over the past year in the areas of cartilage injury and repair, meniscal injury, tendon and ligament pathology, muscle injury, tissue engineering and stem cell approaches to soft-tissue repair, and spine pathology.


are WN stars with variable emission bands, and one is a WN star that has not been thoroughly investigated. The observations of the WC star HD 192103 show that variability is not confined to WN stars or always associated with variable emission bands, (which do not seem to occur in WC stars). No abrupt jumps in brightness, as reported by Martin and Plummer in some of these stars, were observed, possibly because none of the stars was followed for more than eight months. The variability reported for HD 192641 and for the Wolf-Rayet binary or Wolf-Rayet-like composite object HD 45166 was not observed. They may vary with extreme slowness, or exhibit occasional abrupt changes in brightness, possibly related to outburst phenomena such as have occurred in y2 Velorum. ' No extremely rapid variation, of the order of a few hours or less, was observed. These results suggest that Wolf-Rayet stars, in particular the WN stars, are somewhat unstable objects, as might be expected on evolutionary grounds.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the relations between the habitat,growth years and the content of diosgenin,for formulation of the Dioscorea nipponica's quality standard.METHODS The contents of diosgenin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino from different habitat and growth years were determined by HPLC.The contents were analyzed statistically SPSS16.0.RESULTS The calibration curve was linear(Y=1.711×10-7X+5.084×10-2,r2=0.999 9) in the range of 0.2~4.0 μg for diosgenin.48 Kinds of Dioscorea nipponica Makino were analyzed.The contents of diosgenin followed the normal distribution.The contents of diosgenin in 2 and 3 years Dioscorea nipponica Makino were higher than the 1 year Dioscorea nipponica Makino.CONCLUSION The difference of the contents of diosgenin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino,which derived in different habitat and places,is obvious.There are certain relations among the habitat,growth years and the content of diosgenin.The 2 years Dioscorea nipponica Makino was more suitable for harvesting.


This study examines the postponement of the election of the head of state from the perspective of siyasa fiqh (Case study of Nigeria and Somalia). The problem is the postponement of the election of the head of state (a case study of Nigeria and Somalia). This is different in siyasa fiqh, where in siyasa fiqh there is no stipulation on whether it is permissible to postpone the election of a head of state. From these problems, the question arises of how to postpone the election of heads of state in Nigeria and Somalia and what is the view of fiqh siyasa on postponing the elections of heads of state in Nigeria and Somalia. This research is library research. The material is obtained through books in the library, after the material is collected it is processed by searching and systematically compiling the material obtained and analyzed using the fiqh siyasa perspective. This research found that the postponement of the election of heads of state in Nigeria and Somalia was caused by problems of national defense (the Boko Haram rebellion) and the Covid-19 pandemic which spread throughout the world. Postponement of the election of the head of state has never occurred in the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah, as well as the system of government, and in siyasa fiqh there is also no provision for whether or not a postponement of the election of a head of state is permissible. However, in practice this has happened in the Muslim countries of Nigeria and Somalia due to the results of the ijtihad of these countries. So that the postponement of the election of the head of state is legally permissible because the results of state ijtihad make it possible because the country is in a state of emergency. So that in siyasa fiqh it is possible to postpone the election of the head of state


Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may result in wide spread encephalitis and developmental abnormalities of the CNS. To study the pathogenesis of congenital HCMV infection we have established a model of CNS infection with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in newborn mice. T lymphocytes and NK cells play a central role in control of MCMV infection. However, several proteins encoded by MCMV are devoted to modulate and evade immune control. We postulated that developmental abnormalities and pathohistological lesions in brain of MCMV infected newborn mice can be consequences of either direct viral pathogenesis or inflammatory response toward viral antigens and damaged brain cells. The aim of this study was to identify some parameters associated with MCMV infection of the CNS and potential role of viral immunoevasins that affect the function of CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells. Newborn BALB/c mice were infected with either wild type MCMV or virus lacking m152 gene encoding protein that affects expression of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 and presentation of MHC class I molecules. Animals were sacrificed at various days post infection and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Pathohistological lesions associated with infected cells were scattered throughout the brain parenchyma irrespective of the virus used for infection. However, the severity of lesions and the number of infected cells were higher in mice infected with w.t. virus strain. Infected cells were detected in brain tissue during prolonged period, with significant peak at day 11 p.i., whereas in Δ m152- infected mice the peak was absent and productive infection terminated earlier. Significant increase in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed from day 8th p.i. and followed by infiltration of T lymphocytes. Mice infected with Δ m152 virus showed less T cell infiltration, but the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was similar to mice infected with w.t. MCMV. Parallel with inflammatory lesions several developmental abnormalities were observed. The delayed migration of neurons from EGL to IGL, miss-localization and impaired morphology of Purkinje cells were more pronounced in MCMV w.t. infected mice. Altogether, the results show that the intensity of inflammatory lesions and consequent brain pathology correlates with intensity of virus replication in developing brain. Furthermore, the results indicate that viral immunoevasins for NK and CD8+ T cells may play an important role in CMV pathogenesis in CNS.


Problems and prospects of development investment sphere of the Russian economy and necessity effective using foreign investments for support stability and quality economic growth are viewed in the article.


Our long term experience show, that endoscopic haemostasis is a
successful method but its importance must not be overestimated.
Two unsuccessful endoscopic attempts indicate another way of
the bleeding source management.


Objectives
To clarify the differential diagnostic value for iron deficiency anemia(IDA)and anemia of chronic disease(ACD)with analysis method of multiple parameters.

Methods
The serum concentrations of iron parameters(SI, TIBC, TF, SF and sTfR), inflammatory index(IL-1, IL-6, TNF-β), CRP and hepcidin were detected in patients with IDA and ACD by biochemical method and ELISA respectively.

Results
In the differential diagnosis of IDA versus ACD, the SF(98.6 versus 6.0, P=0)and sTfR/logSF〔(13.1±4.4) versus (27.6±16.5), P=0.002〕had clinical value for the differential diagnosis.Inflammatory factors level was increased in two groups, only the difference in CRP between IDA and ACD showed a statistical significance.The hepcidin had the clinical value in differential diagnosis for single disease diagnosis of IDA and ACD and for differential diagnosis between IDA and ACD〔(144.6±1.9) versus (86.5±3.1), P<0.05〕. Correlation analysis showed that the sTfR/logSF had a significantly negative correlation with SI(P=0.002), a significantly positive correlation with TIBC and TRF, and no significant correlation with inflammatory factors.The hepcidin had significantly positive correlation with IL-6 and TNF-β, and a significantly negative correlation with SI.The positive correlation was observed between sTfR/logSF and Hepcidin(r=0.376, P=0.005).

Conclusions
Analysis method of multiple parameters could make a differential diagnosis of ACD in the elderly.

Key words:
Chronic disease; Anemia; Iron-regulatory proteins; Cytokines


In a number of museum institutions, particularly in Quebec, France, Switzerland and Northern Europe, the ethnographic or disciplinary approach ensured by scholar-curators has been progressively abandoned as exhibition-making and other curatorial tasks have been taken over by professional project managers and administrators (Shelton 2011:76; Turgeon and Dubuc 2002:22). This departure from traditional curatorship, which grew out of a desire to narrow the gap between museums and society, has slowly turned community engagement and citizen participation into a central institutional objective. This change in museum priorities has significantly impacted the nature of museum management. Museums Without Curators addresses this phenomenon, looking at some of the major changes to exhibition making that are occurring alongside changes to the role of the curator in museums, particularly since the advent of New Museology.


This Article focuses on how international human rights and their associated environmental norms can be useful for deepening the domestic legal process, particularly in the area of public participation in environmental decision-making in an age of global warming. To make this argument, this Article looks at the process by which the United States approved oil leases in the Chukchi Sea, and how that process might have been improved had it been enriched by the international norms that would generally be considered to make up the putative right to a healthy environment.


Separation logic holds the promise of supporting scalable formal reasoning for pointer programs. Here we consider proof automation for separation logic. In particular we propose an approach to automating partial correctness proofs for recursive procedures. Our proposal is based upon proof planning and proof patching via assertion refinement


Background: Secondary care physicians caring for people with long-term conditions (LTCs) are under increasing pressure to discharge long-term follow-up patients to primary care. In respiratory medicine, the 2008 British Thoracic Society (BTS) statement on criteria for specialist referral, admission, discharge, and follow-up for adults with respiratory disease remains the only available basis for this dialogue. There is widespread concern about reforming outpatient clinics to meet these demands and the impact of discharging people with respiratory LTCs to primary care. Aims: To examine the impact of implementing BTS guidance on secondary care follow-up of patients with respiratory disease. Methods: We undertook a clinic reform project, which included one-stop medical reviews, providing more open access appointments, and implementing the BTS criteria. The impact on patients was assessed by patient survey, and the impact on GPs was assessed by an analysis of referral patterns pre- and post-reform. Results: There was a significant improvement in commissioner-mandated performance through reduction in follow-up (p=0.006) and the unscheduled hospital admission rate decreased significantly (p=0.021). However, many patients were dissatisfied with the process and re-referral rates rose. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the delivery of a responsive service capable of sustainable management of respiratory LTCs can be achieved using the BTS criteria. It seems to be efficacious within secondary care, increasing the quality and value of the clinic activity, although hidden impacts on primary care will require further prospective studies.


The case of a woman with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis presenting with a deep vein thrombosis of the leg secondary to an enlarged iliopsoas bursa is described. The anatomy, presentation and disease associations are described, and the optimum techniques of imaging and management are discussed.


Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging is the process of labeling or classifying each word in written text with its grammatical category or part-of-speech, i.e. noun, verb, preposition, adjective, etc. It is the most common disambiguation process in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). POS tagging systems are often preprocessors in many NLP applications. The Arabic language has a valuable and an important feature, called diacritics, which are marks placed over and below the letters of the word. An Arabic text is partiallyvocalised 1 when the diacritical mark is assigned to one or maximum two letters in the word. Diacritics in Arabic texts are extremely important especially at the end of the word. They help determining not only the correct POS tag for each word in the sentence, but also in providing full information regarding the inflectional features, such as tense, number, gender, etc. for the sentence words. They add semantic information to words which helps with resolving ambiguity in the meaning of words. Furthermore, diacritics ascribe grammatical functions to the words, differentiating the word from other words, and determining the syntactic position of the word in the sentence. IVocalisation (also referred as diacritisation or vowelisation).


APOLLO 11 SAMPLES, J . E. Ke i t h and L. J . Bennett, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058. The p r imo rd ia l rad ionuc l i d e contents o f 10 Apol l o 11 samples have been determined by non-des t r u c t i ve gamma r a y spectrometry a t t he Radiat ion Counting Laboratory. The gamna r a y spectrometer and the data reduc t ion techniques used a t t he Radiat ion Counting Laboratory have been discussed p rev i ous l y ( 1 ) . O f these 10 measurements, a l l i n v o l v i n g count ing t imes between 10,000 and 20,000 minutes, 4 were redeterminat ions o f 3 rocks p rev i ous l y measured -10003, 1001 9 and 10057. Although t he redeterminat ions invo lved much longer count ing t imes than were poss ib le dur ing the o r i g i n a l examination o f Apo l lo 11 samples, no major discrepancies were found w i t h those measurements. S i x samples whose gamma r a y spect ra had no t p rev i ous l y been measured -4 breccias, 10046, 10048, 10060 and 10061, and one high-K basa l t , 10024, and one low-K basa l t , 10045, were measured. F igure 1 shows the K contents o f a l l Apo l lo 11 samples t h a t have been determined by gamma ray spectrometry as a f unc t i on o f t h e i r U contents. S i m i l a r r e s u l t s have been obtained by small (10.1 g) sample methods (see 2 and re fe r ences t h e r e i n ) . A l l t he r e s u l t s shown i n F igure 1 r e l a t e t o samples weighing a t l e a s t tens o f grams, so t h a t sampling e r r o r s should n o t be s i g n i f i c a n t , even i n the case o f t he brecc ias. One can see t h a t the K concent ra t ion shows a l i n e a r dependence on t he U concent ra t ion. Compared t o o the r missions, t he B roupings seem e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y s imple and t i g h t ; the low-K and high-K basa l t s orm two small groups a t the ends o f t he t r end l i n e and the brecc ias form a somewhat more elongated reg ion between them, w i t h t he f i n e s a t t he low-K end. As observed by Tera e t a l . ( 2 ) t he same s o r t o f dependence i s d isp layed by Rby Cs, Ba and U vs K (see a lso, Goles e t a l . , 3 ) . I n each case t he brecc ias l i e between the h ighand low-K basal t s and s l i g h t l y t o the K-poor s ide o f t h e mix ing l i n e . Hence i t i s n o t poss ib le t o make the brecc ias from mix tures of the present-day f i n e s and the high-K basal t s alone, even though these a re t h e major cons t i t uen t s (3,4). Even though t he K, Rb, Cs, Ba, U and Th a re a l l found p r i n c i p a l l y i n the i n t e r s t i t i a l phases (2,5,6), on l y t he K d isp lays t h i s behavior i n t he brecc ias. The p l o t o f the Th content vs U content shows a l i n e a r dependence o f Th on U. I n t h i s p l o t t he low-K basa l t s , the high-K basa l t s and t he brecc ias have the same p o s i t i o n s r e l a t i v e t o each o ther t h a t they have i n F igure 1, except t h a t the brecc ias do n o t d i sp l ay a systemat ic dev ia t i on from the regress ion l i n e . The slope o f t h i s 1 i n e i s about 3.9 and i t has an i n s i g n i f i c a n t Th i n t e r c e p t ( 7 ) . The a d d i t i o n o f the new data changed t h i s dependence very l i t t l e . I n F igure 2 we show the K contents o f a l l l u n a r samples as a f u n c t i o n o f t he U content f o r each mission. The 1 i n e segments represent the least-squares f i t o f the data (7) and t he end po in t s o f t he l i n e s l i e near t he extremes o f the data, The low-K Apol l o 11 basal t s 1 i e i n the same reg ion as low-K samples from o the r missions. As can be r e a d i l y seen, the high-K basa l t s a re anomalousl y enr iched compared t o a1 1 o ther 1 unar samples.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the drivers and inhibitors of the adoption of renewable energy by residential users. Based on the theoretical framework of consumer decision-making behaviour, an empirical study of the adoption of renewable energy in Malaysia was conducted.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 501 residential users from the Klang Valley participated in this study. The data were analysed using partial least square (PLS) with Smart PLS 3.0 software.

Findings
The results indicated that the perceived utility of new technology, perceived utility of renewable energy and the perceived benefit of new technology were seen as the drivers of the adoption of renewable energy. At the same time, two inhibitor constructs, namely, perceived risk and perceived no need, were not seen to create a negative connection relating to the adoption of renewable energy. By contrast, as hypothesized, the perceived expense was the only factor that negatively correlated with the intentions to adopt renewable energy. To foster the intention to adopt renewable energy by residential users, more effort should be expended on capitalizing on the constructs of perceived benefits of new technology and the perceived utility of this new technology.

Originality/value
The current study contributes to the use of renewable energy in the country and indirectly to global renewable energy strategies.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing butadiene through oxidative dehydrogenation. The preparation method according to the present invention can easily control the injection ratio of oxygen and nitrogen, which are to be used as reaction materials, and thus can minimize the loss of butadiene, which is contained in a second fraction stream (purge stream) and to be discharged to the outside of a system. Therefore, the economical efficiency of the process such as material cost reduction and productivity improvement can be secured.


Herein, the effect of carbon nanodots (CDs) on the stress resistance of peanuts has been studied. It is found that the stress-resistance ability of peanut plants can be enhanced significantly when ...


The waiting room can be imagined as a frequently visited place, a place to loiter, sit or perhaps stand, walk and converse. A transitional point before entering or moving to another in which no actual movements of the journey occur but time is implied. As equally the waiting room becomes a world of objects, boots, hats, papers and toys, transient temporal landmarks. Markers of time that are now, yesterday, tomorrow, last week or hours and moments of the day. A detailed study of an interior could be seen as offering a kind of still life, a material existence where nothing exceptional occurs, where states appear continuous and there is a wholesale eviction of the event. The room imagined forcing close attention, an opportunity to look at the overlooked, to bring into view objects that might normally be screened out, and in this, things may appear radically unfamiliar and estranged.2


The adsorption of equimolar binary Lennard-Jones gas mixtures into single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. For mixtures whose species have different molecular diameters, the larger energetically favored species is adsorbed at higher temperatures. However, at lower temperatures and intermediate nanotube diameters, a complete exclusion of the larger species in favor of the smaller species is observed. This transition in nanotube fluid composition is accompanied by a decrease in the total potential energy of the system. Although adsorption of the smaller species is favored, both species adsorb at lower temperatures in the larger nanotubes. In situations where the molecular diameters are similar, the energetically favored species is preferentially adsorbed at all temperatures. Axial pair correlations are used to relate the composition in the nanotube with the structure of the adsorbed fluid.


Motivated by conditions in the terrestrial foreshock, the mode conversion process in the inner region for a weakly magnetized plasma with a longitudinal linear density profile is examined. Coupled differential equations are employed to describe the wave energy coupling and the mode structure of electrostatic Langmuir and upper-hybrid branches, and electromagnetic O, X, and Z modes. For an incident electrostatic wave (the "inverse" problem), the coupled equations are solved using Green's function method, and the mode conversion coefficient is determined from the asymptotic solutions. In the limit of a vanishing magnetic field, solutions converge to previous unmagnetized solutions. It is found that the magnetic field narrows the window of conversion and reduces the angles of propagation of electromagnetic waves with respect to the magnetic field, in agreement with results from previous solutions (of the "direct" problem) for a magnetized cold plasma. The narrowing of the window occurs at angles of propagation larger than the angle corresponding to the maximum conversion.


Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The direct cause of this irreversible loss of sight is diabetic macular edema, which affects more than 126 million people worldwide. In order to confirm the diagnosis, specific studies, such as fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), should be carried out to determine the degree and type of edema. We review recent efficacy and safety data for the therapies currently existing to reduce progression and recover vision in Diabetic Macular Edema. In addition, there is the high cost of treatment of macular edema, as well as the risks involved in the application of drugs used for this disease. We therefore decided to carry out this review in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapies for the management of diabetic macular edema. The growing controversy over treatment for this complication has led to a constant conflict over what the best therapeutic option for the affected individuals is. Alternatives for supplementation have also been sought out with studies that support the efficacy of their use in treating this disease.


By incorporating dual-depletion-region electroabsorption modulator with an evanescently-coupled waveguide, the demonstrated device can achieve low electrical return-loss (<-22dB), wide electrical 3-dB transmission-loss bandwidth (~70 GHz), wide electrical-to-optical bandwidth (>45 GHz), and low-driving-voltage (V20dB, 1.65 V) with small polarization-dependency.


The savanna of Central Brazil (locally known as cerrado) has a long history of land cover change due to human activity. These changes have led to the degradation of cerrado forests and woodlands, leading to the expansion of grass-dominated cerrados and pastures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variation in energy flux in areas of degraded, grass-dominated cerrado (locally known as campo sujo) in Central Brazil. The amount of partitioned into H declined as monthly rainfall increased and reached a level of approximately 30% during the wet season, while the amount of partitioned into increased as monthly rainfall increased and reached a level of approximately 60% during the wet season. As a result, H was significantly higher than during the dry season, resulting in a Bowen ratio (β = H/) of 3-5, while Le was higher than H during the wet season, resulting in a . These data indicate that the energy partitioning of grass-dominated cerrado is relatively more sensitive to water availability than cerrado woodlands and forests, and have important implications for local and regional energy balance.


SUMMARY

This article presents a comparative study among four control strategies for the energy management of a fuel cell (FC) battery–powered hybrid system applied to a surface tramway of 400 kW, which, at present, operates as catenary-powered tramway in the center of Seville, Spain. The proposed hybrid system is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane FC with a unidirectional dc/dc boost converter and a rechargeable nickel–metal hydride battery with a bidirectional dc/dc converter, both of which are coupled to a traction dc bus. This configuration allows a suitable control of the energy of the hybrid tramway and the traction dc bus voltage.

The polymer electrolyte membrane FC and nickel–metal hydride battery models are designed from commercially available components. The control strategies presented in this work are as follows: (i) control strategy based on operating states of the tramway (state machine control), (ii) control strategy based on cascade control loops (cascade control), (iii) control strategy based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy logic control), and (iv) control strategy based on the fuel consumption minimization (equivalent consumption minimization strategy. The control strategies are tested and compared for the real driving cycle of the tramway. The simulation results reflect the optimal performance of the presented control systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


According to the concrete situation of secondary pressurization water supply system in Zhenjiang City,the relevant energy-saving measures were put forward.The energy-saving reconstruction of network residual pressure was performed in Taohuawu Pump Station with large inflow pressure,and the regulation of pressurization area was carried out according to the network pressure.The energy-saving reconstruction of Huashanwan Pump Station with large comprehensive water supply energy consumption was conducted by replacing water pumps and optimizing inflow mode.The scheme determining whether water could be supplied directly by municipal water system in Nanxuxincheng district was analyzed,and the relevant suggestions were offered,which provides a reference for reconstruction and extension of secondary pressurization water supply system in Zhenjiang City.


This paper evaluated the RIMPUFF model in RODOS by the statistical method and Kincaid dataset of MVK tools,and compared it with other four atmospheric dispersion models.The results indicated that the predicted data of RIMPUFF was reasonable in a 20-km scale with the comparison of other models.


In our recently published survey, we reported that only 12 of 50 (24%) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in the European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA) in 2010 identified their design as 'randomised' in the title, although item 1a of the CONSORT Statement clearly encourages authors to do so (http:// www.consort-statement.org/consort-statement/title-andabstract/). Because this is too often ignored in articles published in the journal, we thought it might be useful to highlight what should be in a title and why it is important to write a good title.


The structure of the complex [Eu(m-MOBA)(3). 2H(2)O]1/2(4,4'-bpy) (m-MOBA: m-methoxybenzoate, 4,4'-bpy: 4,4'-bipyridine) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The bonding around each europium consists of two oxygen atoms of the chelated carboxyl group, two oxygen atoms of two water molecules and four oxygen atoms of the bidentate bridging carboxylate groups, forming an infinite polymeric chain structure. The luminescence behaviour of Eu3+ in {[Eu(m-MOBA)(3). 2H(2)O]1/2(4,4'-bpy)}(infinity) was observed at 77 K. The emission spectra of D-5(1) --> F-7(J) (J = 1-3) and D-5(0) --> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions were recorded. The complex displays intense luminescence which may be related to the m-MOBA ligand and the polymeric coordination. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


In Spring of 1987 Congress passed legislation permitting states to raise speed limits to 65 mph along most rural portions of U.S. Interstates. In this article the early impacts of this change on motor carrier delivery schedule tightness are examined. Also addressed are truck driver views regarding the effect of this change on safety conditions. The findings indicate modest improvements (i.e., relaxations) in actual schedulings. The overwhelming majority of drivers felt that safety conditions have improved as a result of the higher speed limits. However, many of the reasons given suggest that these gains may be temporary.


Tick–host relations for five species of ticks were investigated in western Nova Scotia. Relative infestations of hosts by each stage of the tick's life cycle are presented for four of these species. Several additional records are also given.


Abstract Developments in the structural conservation of canvas paintings, particularly regarding lining, were evaluated through a series of surveys carried out by questionnaire in 1975, 1984 and 2001. The 1975 survey reflected the end of an era when wax‐resin and glue‐paste lining were dominant. In the years between 1975 and 1984 there was a rapid growth in lining technology, and synthetic adhesives such as BEVA 371™ had become more popular. An important finding of the 1984 survey was that lining practice had become more diverse and most practitioners employed more than one form of lining. In 1984, lining was considered as a treatment of last resort, whereas the most recent survey recorded a widespread rejection of lining. The results of the 2001 questionnaire are discussed in detail, the most significant finding being the considerable change in attitude. Many practitioners now describe themselves as having become more minimal in their approach, preferring alternative treatments to lining.


Experiences of, and access and barriers to, physical activity (PA) differ between individuals. This becomes perpetuated in a migration context. Although there is super-diversity between migrant groups, health research rarely accounts for this cultural diversity. More concerningly, the matter of context is rarely scrutinized or juxtaposed with the specifics of certain ethnic groups. This integrative review assessed the evidence on post-socialist migrants' PA levels, constraints, and enablers for PA in the Nordic region. The results show that post-socialist female migrants have an especially high risk of being physically inactive. The qualitative work elucidates socio-cultural factors that impose specific constraints on females when attempting to engage in PA. Furthermore, in scrutinizing the context, Nordic nature (Friluftsliv) is a viable way for migrants to access PA with additional health benefits (e.g., mental). However, the Nordic environment also poses specific PA challenges, such as harsh winters. This can be understood by considering post-socialist migrants' prior use of, and attitude to, nature. The review highlights the importance of understanding specifics about both migrant groups and contexts through a critical-realist lens in the pursuit of providing PA opportunities. Future PA programs need to understand the contextual, sociohistorical, and cultural settings in which they and migrants are embedded.


We review the scientific objectives and the present status cosmic shear studies. We discuss the future prospects and the role cosmic shear could play in a precision cosmology era.


While water sounds have been used for soundscape improvement, little is known about their applicability in indoor environments. In order to investigate the effects of indoor water sounds on noise perception, a simple indoor water fountain system was used to produce water sounds over three different types of indoor intrusive noise (traffic noise, higher frequency dominated noise of a chair scraping the floor above, lower frequency dominated impact noise of a man running on the floor above) and speech in a test laboratory. Intrusive noise perception (annoyance and pleasantness) and speech recognition (KS-MWL-A) were assessed with three water sound levels (40, 50, 60 dBA) at two exposure times (immediate and 50 min) of water sounds by 54 participants. Short-term exposure to indoor water sounds improved the pleasantness of intrusive noise without increasing annoyance except lower frequency dominated impact noise. The increase in exposure time to indoor water sounds did not affect intrusive noise perception and speech recognition. The water to noise ratio significantly affected annoyance and pleasantness of traffic noise only; however, the level of water sounds did not significantly affect intrusive noise perception. Indoor water sounds can be used to improve intrusive noise perception except lower frequency dominated floor impact noise with no adverse effects on speech recognition dependent upon the speech to water sound ratio. Practical application: This simple indoor water fountain can be directly applied to small offices or rooms to improve intrusive noise perception. When the simple fountain produces water sounds in a room, pleasantness of traffic noise throughout window openings or higher frequency dominated noise such as chair scraping noise can be improved without increment of annoyance and decrement of speech recognition. Short-term exposure to indoor water sounds is effective to increase pleasantness of the intrusive noises.


Application of inorganic fertilizers from the period of green revolution have increased food production by a number of times confirming the food security of the country but it has caused environmental degradation leading to health problems on animals and humans. It has forced the researchers to find out the alternative of inorganic agriculture that can balance the production and preserve the ecosystem. Vermicompost is one of them which can make a balance. Investigation was carried out to compost tea garden weeds by earthworms and assesses changes of some physiochemical properties during the process of vermicomposting. Samples for physiochemical assessment were drawn from each treatment at an interval of fifteen days. The maximum moisture content was recorded on 15th day (64.07%) and the minimum moisture content was recorded on 90th day (18.86). Rise in pH level was observed on 30th day but thereafter declined gradually till 75th day. There was a slight rise in pH level after 75th day. The maximum percentage organic carbon in the vermicast was recorded to 32.87%. The percentage of organic carbon varied within 21.77% to 32.87%. The percentage of nitrogen varied from 1.53 to 1.78%. The percentage of available phosphorus ranged between 0.15 to 0.44%. The percentage of available potassium in from of potash ranged between 0.65 to 1.05%. Vermicompost produced from tea plantation weeds to some extend may reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the plantations.