Electronic products are continuing to improve and evolve with new and innovative packaging technology. With these advancements and the legislation banning SnPb, the reliability of lead-free solder materials has become a high priority. When considering the effects of isothermal aging on the relative reliability of various electronic packages, the data indicates packages will show various decreased levels of reliability as aging is increased. The most commonly used lead-free solder, SAC305, has shown increased levels of reliability compared to SnPb, but as the solder material is aged, the reliability begins to degrade at an exceedingly high rate when compared with other materials. Multiple lead-free solder materials with various combinations of metals have been examined to provide a solution for this high degradation rate. This paper examines the degradation rate as aging time is increased in multiple lead-free solder materials combined with the CABGA208 package when subjected to multiple test conditions. The CABGA208 package is an excellent example of this trend based on the level of failure throughout the various test and the rate of degradation. For each test performed, the CABGA208 package exhibited high failure rates with most test groups having 100% failure. The testing method includes thermal cycling between −40°C to 125°C. A comparison between 0-month (no aging) and 24-month aging was performed to measure the reliability of the solder joints using degradation plots through use of Weibull analysis. Results show a systemic adverse effect of aging time on package level reliability in multiple harsh environments.


In this paper, we use the research methods of sintering cup.On the basis of the determination of solid fuel particle size composition and the distribution in the mixture. During the sintering process, respectively, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min interrupt the test, by dectecting the distribution of solid fuel in the mixture to study the migration phenomenon of solid fuel during the sintering process. The results showed that: during the sintering process, the main migration of the fuel is the migration of fine particles, including the fuel migration of 0.25-0.5mm grain size, part of the 0.5-1mm grain size and a small amount of-0.25mm grain size,but most of the fuel migrated will be re-adsorbed, about 0.11% of the fuel with the air flow through the material layer, the migration of fuel to ease the state of segregation in the vertical direction along the material layer, so that cause actual participation in the combustion of the fuel content in line along the height direction of the material layer.


Blood monocytes and CD34+ haemopoietic progenitor cells, as well as certain leukaemic cell lines, acquire characteristics of mature dendritic cells (DC) after stimulation with calcium ionophore (CI). We studied whether the in vitro treatment of primary human acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cells with CI leads to differentiation towards DC. Blast cells derived from nine AML patients were cultured in the presence of either CI or an established differentiation cocktail consisting of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and tumour necrosis factor‐α for 5–7 d. Microscopic examination revealed that under both conditions, AML cells were shifted along the DC pathway. In seven out of nine cases, CI‐cultivation led to a higher proportion of cells with dendritic morphology. The percentage of CD40 and CD86 expressing cells was significantly increased upon CI treatment compared with cytokine‐cultured cells. DC molecules as CD80 and CD83 were up‐regulated upon calcium mobilization of AML cells in four out of nine samples. In four cases, CI‐treated stimulator cells induced an enhanced proliferative allogeneic T‐cell response compared with cytokine‐treated stimulator cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that CI treatment is an alternative in vitro strategy to differentiate human AML cells into DC.


in poorer parts of the world. This accounting of the origin and evolution of the agency is done with a view to understanding that these events shaped the organisation. To this end, major formative events such as the emergence out of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the ongoing battles with the FAO for legitimacy, and the ongoing efforts to secure core and project funding from various donor sources are described and analysed. In this recounting of the agency's history, readers may labour through the legal and bureaucratic detail, but, as a counterbalance, the inclusion of key personalities and their influence on the WFP makes for an interesting read. There are, for instance, sections on the impact that executive directors James Ingram and Catherine Bertini had on the agency. Chapters 5 and 6 assess the WFP within a framework of 'legitimacy'. Legitimacy is seen as a useful evaluative concept for an agency such as the WFP because it is global in its operations, multilateral in nature and required to satisfy the accountability needs of stakeholders*donor states, recipient states and the final recipients of the food aid itself. Moreover, the WFP's performance in non-core tasks such as advocacy and fund-raising is also assessable through a legitimacy framework. The author's assessment against the legitimacy framework provides important lessons that are applicable both to the WFP and to the food aid regime and transnational governance more broadly. The negative impacts of relief food aid on recipient countries and the WFP's complicity in a broader system which produces global hunger are among the important issues discussed here. All in all, the book provides a useful and illuminating assessment of the place, role and performance of the WFP in ways that may be of some use to comparable transnational actors. Moreover, the study not only highlights lessons for global governance, but is also an intriguing account of the WFP as an organisation. The impact of personalities, competition for resources and then legitimacy with the FAO, and the diplomacy required to keep its stakeholders happy*this all provides a thoroughly readable narrative background. The book is recommended not only to those interested in the current state of the WFP and international food aid, but also to those with a broader interest in transnational governance and effective international response to challenges of a transnational nature.


The present invention relates to the field of materials science and medicine, and, for example, to agents that can be used as a contrast agent for the localization of the cancer cells. An object of the present invention are described in the sensitive and selective identify agents the position and type of molecules or cells is investigated. The problem is, at least, is solved by an agent consisting of bio-shuttle molecules endohedral via peptide-based molecules are coupled, whereby the inner hull fullerenes are hydrophobic, and the formula A The problem is further have a hydrophobic endohedral and bio shuttle molecule, Diels proceeds in reverse electron request type irreversible - is solved by a method which is coupled via Alder reaction (DAR


The main objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic performance and behaviour of glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) mortar pipes under heavy truck loads. According to the field conditions, a finite element dynamic analysis (FEDA) model of GRP pipe culverts was established. Modal analysis of the vibration system was carried out, and the main natural frequencies with 26.6Hz,32Hz,35.7Hz and corresponding mode shapes were obtained. On the basis of modal analysis, dynamic response of GRP pipe culverts under vehicle loads was simulated through random vibration. Based on the measured vibration velocity time histories, the modal and random vibration responses of the vibration system were analyzed. The results show that the spectral response value of pipeline to vehicle load decreases with the increase of buried depth. When the depth of GRP pipe culverts buried is greater than 0.8m, the influence of ground vehicle dynamic loads on the vibration of GRP pipe culverts cannot be taken into consideration. It can provide the basis for the design of GRP pipe culverts, especially under heavy loads.


Deconstructing energy law and policy : The case of nuclear energy / Raphael J. Heffron. Edinburgh University Press, 2015, 192 p. http://www.euppublishing.com/book/9780748696666 Presentation (© Edinburgh University Press) : Nuclear power has been a consideration and part of energy policies of many countries across the world since its emergence as an electricity provider after the Second World War. Nuclear energy is a low-carbon energy source and therefore can contribute to reducing the effect...


A laser plasma accelerator based on the mechanism of Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) was used to generate a quasi monoenergetic proton beam. The protons were accelerated from polymer dots on the backside of a thin Titanium foil. The proton spectra exhibit peaks around E = 1.2 MeV, with energy spread of ΔE/E = 25 %. Our experimental results are well reproduced by 2D-PIC-simulations, which also show that for intensities around 10 21 W/cm 2 low-emittance monoenergetic proton beams with an energy of nearly


OWL has established itself as a standard of ontology description language not only in Semantic Web but also in diverse disciplines and engineering fields. However, endeavors to describe ontology in OWL are revealing the extent of ability on the OWL current specification in practical views. In this paper, we see an overview of basic assumptions of knowledge representation languages for Semantic Web, and point out several basic and problematic issues of OWL, which are captured by our own experience of developing a language processor called SWCLOS, the first OWL Full processor developed on top of Common Lisp Object System (CLOS), and we address our approach to solve them. It includes explicit descriptions of role concepts, auto-epistemic local closed world assumption, ternary truth values, and unique name assumption for atomic objects. These settings are implemented into SWCLOS. Finally, we envision the direction of languages for semantic WWW.


The Bayesian approach has a number of attractive properties for forecasting uncertainty which have yet to be fully explored in the study of future population change. In this paper, we apply some simple Bayesian time series models to obtain future population estimates with uncertainty for England and Wales. Uncertainty in model choice is incorporated through Bayesian model averaging techniques. The resulting predictive distributions from Bayesian forecasting models have two main advantages over those obtained using more traditional stochastic models. First, uncertainties in the data,the model parameters and model choice are explicitly represented using probability distributions. As a result, more realistic probabilistic population forecasts are obtained. Second, Bayesian models formally allow the incorporation of expert opinion, including uncertainty, into the forecast. We conclude by discussing our results in relation to classical time series methods and existing cohort component estimates.


The effectiveness of intentionally damaged full-size timber bridge members repaired by shear spiking was examined experimentally. Pultruded fibre-glass composite rods are inserted vertically through areas of damage to rejuvenate the horizontal shear properties of timber members. An epoxy-resin adhesive is used to bond the fibre-glass shear spikes to the wood and partially fill adjacent cracks and decay voids. Eight full-size railroad bridge timber stringers were intentionally damaged by partial or complete saw cuts through the width of the members to simulate minor and major deterioration, after which they were stiffened through the process of shear spiking. Although minor damage had much lower initial effects than major damage, significant percentage recovery of lost stiffness occurred in all members.


In Reply .—Dr Hersher makes an excellent point regarding the use of stimulant therapy in teenagers and young adults with ADD. The indications for the use of medication should be based on the neurodevelopmental status of the individual, not on his or her chronologic age. However, when stimulant drugs are used in teenagers, a special approach is needed. The teenager must be an active participant in the decision and in the use of medication. The teenager must understand the circumstances that indicate the necessity and potential benefit of the stimulant therapy. He or she should accept that motivation and personal effort will determine a successful response. The teenager should be assisted in selfmonitoring his or her response to the medication and any adverse pharmacologic effects. In addition, precautions should be taken when administering the drug. Many youngsters for whom it is indicated have poor social skills and are quite isolated


The strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a fruit comprised of components with important physiological activity: vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, catechin, quercetin and kaempferol, organic acids (i.e., citric, malic, oxalic, salicylic, and ellagic), and minerals (i.e., K, P, Ca, Na, and Fe) (Kallio et al., 2000; Mosquera, 2010; Ribeiro et al., 2018). As such, it is considered a functional food with multiple health benefits demonstrated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-proliferative properties (Gasperotti et al., 2015; Bastos et al., 2019) and hepatoprotector activity (Morales-Ávila et al., 2020). Additionally, the strawberry is characterized by its bright red color, a unique flavor defined by the balance of sugar and acidity, and a white or red pulp according to the variety (Perin et al., 2019). Notably, its soft yet firm texture makes it susceptible to physical damage (abrasion, cuts, and bruises), contributing to the loss of native fluids and the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (Gol et al., 2013; Feliziani & Romanazzi, 2016).


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION In 1979 we made an experiment with a 146 kg GW antenna to research the method of gluing and fixing of piezoelectric ceramics and increase the coupling coefficient β of the antenna-transducer, In recent years, on the basis of the previous experiment we measured the parameters and ...


The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of theory of reasoned action in predicting consumer behavior to buy a Motorcycles Yamaha Vixion. Objective to investigate the influence of consumer confidence and the evaluation will result in a partial and simultaneous on consumer attitudes, to determine the effect of normative beliefs and motivations of consumers and simultaneously to partially subjective norms, to determine the effect of consumer attitudes and subjective norms, and simultaneous partial to behaveor interests . The benefits of research to provide inputs for the company in formulating and developing marketing strategies. to contribute to other researchers in the development of the theory of consumer behavior developed by Ajzen and M. Fishbein. Total sample of 142 respondents, the type of data used primary and secondary data and data collection tools and documentation koesioner. Data analysis tools used multiple regression.
The results showed consumer confidence coefficient and evaluation will have value positive effect on consumer attitudes, normative beliefs and motivation variables consumers have a positive value on subjective norms, as well as variables in consumer attitudes and subjective norms have positive value to the interest behaveor. Based on t test and F test showed that consumer confidence and the evaluation will have a significant effect partially and simultaneously on consumer attitudes, normative belief and motivation of consumers having a significant effect on partial and simultaneous subjective norms, consumer attitudes and subjective norms have an influence significant and simultaneous partial to behave interest to buy a motorcycle Yamaha Vixion.


The sentence patterns of ancient rhymed verses are flexible and have ri ch rhetorical implications. Their noun sentences have abundant characteristics. There are four ways to construct noun sentences in ancient rhymed verses: a) use the actor, the object or the part that is neither the actor nor the object to r eplace the action and the noun sentence.b) hide the predicate verb which expresses the action or character of the predic ate into the attribute.c) eliminate the central comparison words of a simile or a metaphor and thus for m a noun sentence.d) use the method of painting to construct noun sentences to describe a scene.Each of the noun sentences constructed by the above mentioned methods has its un ique rhetorical beauty.


An optical non-contact and compact two dimensions angular sensor for micro angle measurement and nanometer scale measurement is introduced in the paper. The light beam emits from the angular sensor to the micro target and then is reflected back into the sensor. The angular sensor is designed based on optical differential method which adopts two orthogonal optical inner-reflection critical angle prisms. A microprocessor control unit (MCU) is used to carry out the signals' collection, processing, display, communication and control signal's output via upper computer. The measurement resolution is better than 0.05arcsec when the measurement range is set to be plusmn 600arcsec. Moreover, the sensor has the merits of adjustable resolution/range and can measure two dimensional angular displacements synchronously.


Money laundry is the process that hides the origin of resources obtained through illegal activities like drug traffi cking, smuggling, corruption, tax fraud, white-collar crimes, public misappropriation, extortion, illegal work, and, lately, terrorism. The resources are presented as coming from legal activities, and are freely traded in the fi nancial system. However, thanks to the ongoing efforts of international organisms, the countries have established regulations, institutions and organisms to fi ght this crime. In Peru, the entity created for this purpose is the Financial Intelligence Unit, and several legal provisions have been set forth in this regard. This document presents a methodology aimed at generating analysis instruments, indicators and procedures to allow fi nancial institutions to detect money laundry operations. The information used to generate said indicators is provided by INEI's annual economic survey database, and the information to generate the analysis instrument comes from satellite accounts


One of technology development form in the government is the program of e-filling, which is the implementation of e-Government. E-filling is a way to deliver Annual Announcement Letter or SPT through internet on the website of Direktorat Jendral Pajak. The application of e-filling helps to provide report facility electronically through internet. It enable the society to do SPT from their home or office and it also decrease cost and time. However, the writer finds that the officers of RRI, who are the object of the study have not understood about the use of e-filling. The aims of the study, therefore, is to know how innovation diffusion of e-filling is accepted by the society especially the officers of RRI Surakarta. The study uses qualitative method and descriptive approach. It gets result that e-filling is a part of an innovation due to the possession of some characteristics of relative advantages, compatibility, complication, trialability and observability. Besides, the adopter tends to use interpersonal communication in accepting e-filling innovation.


Hybrid light-matter coupled states, or polaritons, in magnetic materials have attracted significant attention due to their potential for enabling novel applications in spintronics and quantum information processing. However, most studies to date have been carried out for ferromagnetic materials with magnon excitations at gigahertz frequencies. Here, we have investigated strong resonant photon-magnon coupling at frequencies above 1 terahertz for the first time in a prototypical room-temperature antiferromagnetic insulator, NiO, inside a Fabry-P\'erot cavity. The cavity was formed by the crystal itself when it was thinned down to an optimized thickness. By using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in high magnetic fields up to 25 T, we swept the magnon frequency through Fabry-P\'erot cavity modes and observed photon-magnon anticrossing behavior, demonstrating clear vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding the polariton linewidths. These results show that NiO is a promising platform for exploring antiferromagnetic spintronics and cavity magnonics in the terahertz frequency range.


Color point clouds from 3D scanners are a representation of real-world geometry and color. However, such scan data are imperfect, containing noise, outliers, and occlusions. Noise-free point clouds can be computed by virtually scanning 3D CAD models from a pre-built library, but their geometry may differ from real-world objects. We describe a new algorithm to automatically compute dense correspondences between point cloud scans of same-type objects, thus making it possible to transfer real-world color from noisy scans (source scan) to noise-free virtual scans (target scan), even in cases where the scan objects differ. The method segments both point clouds into parts and then computes part correspondences between them. An iterative algorithm applies a set of rigid transformations to the corresponding parts to determine a dense mapping between them. The dense mapping allows color or other parameter transfers. The resulting point cloud has the geometry of the virtual scan and the color from the real-world scan, mapped in a semantically consistent manner.


This study examined the optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) films treated with a hydrogen plasma and a post-HCl solution. ITO films, 200 nm in thickness, were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The samples were then exposed to an inductively coupled hydrogen plasma and this was followed by HCl : DI solution treatment. The work function of the ITO surface was decreased from 4.94 to 4.61 eV without thermal annealing. The sheet resistance was decreased due to the formation of a high density of O–H bonds and oxygen vacancies. Although the transmittance of the hydrogen-plasma-treated sample was decreased drastically by the formation of In/Sn clusters, enhanced transmittance and increased optical band gap without a deterioration of the electrical properties could be achieved effectively by removing the In/Sn clusters using a HCl solution.


ABSTRACT This article analyses the dystopian necropolitics depicted in Un fantasma, which depicts a fictional viral pandemic that gives rise to a brutal military regime, and considers how such a dystopian depiction of pandemics can aid in understanding lived realities with COVID-19 and what these may mean for future social pacts following the global pandemic. Written in 2019 before the onset of COVID-19, the comic enables an analysis of extant social anxieties that existed prior to the pandemic as depicted in Un fantasma, as well as a comparison of this dystopia with what actually came to pass. By engaging with the history of contagion narratives, and also with scholars of dystopia studies, and necropolitics, this article argues that fears of rising authoritarianism that predated the COVID-19 pandemic remain relevant (and in some cases have been augmented) since its outbreak. The comic is an admonitory work; Sanz Martínez's imagining of what might come to pass in a worldwide pandemic reminds readers what they must strive to prevent during the pandemic in which they are actively living.


The laser controlled reactive synthesis method was developed to realize the synthesis and cladding of Ni3A1 intermetallic coating with expected thickness, width and low dilution on a steel substrate at a lower laser density of 3~3.5x 103W/cm2 by using the exothermic reaction. The clad is continuous and smooth, with few defects and excellent bonding with the steel substrate. Compared with the laser cladding of other alloys and ceramics without exothermic reaction, the cladding of intermetallic coating by laser controlled reactive synthesis can save a great amount of energy.


У статті розглядаються поняття художнього простору як моделі світу, представленої автором у творі, його
основні ознаки та особливості функціонування у міському романі. Художній простір як частина хронотопу відображає внутрішні структурно-композиційні особливості побудови художнього тексту, а також впливає на формування жанрових особливостей твору.
(The article deals with the understanding of the literary space as a model of the world presented in the literary work by the author as well as its main features and the way it functions in the novel. The literary space as a part of chronotopos reflects the internal structural peculiarities of literal text, and also impacts the formation of genre characteristics of the work. Crucial in this process is the way how the relationship human-space is built. The analysis of traditional approaches to the literary space, as well as modern ones like the theory of spatial turn allows us to see the main characteristics of the literary space. To the
main ones belong anthropocentrism, or human orientation, circle structure with human in the centre, three-dimensionality, continuity, connection with time, subjective-objective character and others. These and some other characteristic features predominate the character of human-space relationship as well as genre characteristics of every literary work.)


This paper makes an analysis of the using of fuzzy words in both English and Chinese vocative system, and arrives at the conclusion that though fuzzy words occur in both English and Chinese vocative system, there are also considerable differences in the using and pragmatic functions of them.


Believable agents will often need to engage in social behaviors with other agents and with a user. Believable social behaviors need to meet a number of requirements: they must be robust, they must reflect and affect the emotional state of the agent, they must take into account the interpersonal relationships with the other behavior participants, and, most importantly, they must show off the artistically defined personality of the agent. We will show how to create a negotiation behavior that supports believability for specific characters and address some methodological questions about how to build believable social behaviors in general.


Accuracy of various rhythm patterns was tested by experiment. There were fast and slow series of stimuli, which had a sparse-dense pattern, a dense-sparse pattern, and a symmetric pattern. The subjects were each asked to reproduce the rhythms by tapping a keyboard on the one hand in the control condition. They silently articulated nonsense phrases before their tapping in the articulatory suppression condition, and they drew circles in the spatial condition. The result indicated that the mouthing of the nonsense phrases significantly affected the accuracy of the rhythm reproduction. The experiment also proved that the fast rhythm, with 250ms intervals in each segment, produced more accurate rhythm reproduction than the slower rhythm did. In the meantime, the subjects needed less response time to reproduce the slow rhythm, probably because the slow rhythm was processed simultaneously as they heard the stimuli. These results imply that language and rhythm can be processed in the same process in the Working Memory, where the resources are shared with the slave system such as the Phonological Loop.


To the editor:

Human genetic studies have been instrumental in understanding the trans -acting regulation of the human globin genes and particularly the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch.[1][1] Important insight has come from studies of common genetic variation underlying fetal hemoglobin (HbF)


A breakaway coupling pipe (10) comprising: a pair of valve housing (12, 14) attached fixedly to each other pormedio of one or more elements safety coupling (16), the dealojamiento valve elements ( 12, 14) defining a recess (18) opening over which can fluirun fluid material and the safety elements (16) allowing dealojamiento valve elements (12, 14) separated from each other when exposed to a load of traccionexcediendo a predetermined limit, an end cap (26) releasably connected to each element devalvula housing (12, 14) to allow connection of the elements of the valve housing (12, 14) atuberias of respective inlet and outlet via elements end cap (26); yun valve cassette (20) releasably retained between each element dde devalvula housing (12, 14) and the respective end cap (26), each valve cassette (20) incluyendoun valve member (22) movable between a position valve open and a closed devalvula position, each valve member (22) being caused to move to its devalvula closed position to separate the elements of the valve housing (12, 14), the safety coupling pipe (10) being characterized in that the devalvula element (22) of each valve cassette (20) is when in its position cerradaconecta valve sealed with a valve seat (24) formed in the respective dealojamiento valve element (12, 14) to close the hollow bore ( 18) through the valve housing respectivoelemento (12, 14), each valve seat (24) being integral with elelemento valve housing (12, 14).


ANY investigation dealing with the U wave has to surmount many difficulties: thewave is small and appears often only as a slight undulation of the 0 line; it varies in size and shape with respiration, it fuses with the following P at a heart rate over 100 and with the preceding T at a rate of 40 to 50.1 The T-U fusion seems to be rather related to the Q-T duration than to the rate itself. purpose except in vertical hearts where the largest deflection may appear in leads II or III and aVF. In this study, based on approximately 300 cases of coronary disease, the attention was focused on the abnormal U wave, which consisted of 6 types. (1) The inverted U wave has been recognized as abnormal ever since it was first reported by Nahum and Hoff2' 3 in 1939.


Evaluating nurse practitioner students' clinical performance is a vital and challenging role of nursing faculty. Identifying gaps in student knowledge and providing individualized feedback will enhance future clinical performance. Two methods of student evaluation were compared: preceptor clinical evaluation scores and open book exam scores. The two groups of evaluators scored student performance in an initial graduate clinical course, and the scores between evaluators were compared for the same first year course over a four year period (n= 242). For three of the four years, there was weak correlation between faculty scoring open book exams and preceptors scoring student clinical performance. One year (2015) showed a significant correlation between the two evaluation methods. The two evaluation methods provide richer data for student assessment than either method alone. Additional investigation of this potential theory/praxis gap is warranted.


Recently, permeable concrete has been considered one of the "Best Management Practices" in rainwater collection and cleaning. The outstanding properties of this type of concrete are its relatively high porosity (typically 15 ÷ 30% in volume) and the linking/connection of the internal pore system resulting in high waterpermeability and retention. However, one of the limitations to the widespread application of this eco-friendly material is the decrease of permeable capacity over time due to the clogging materials and the lack of regular maintenance. This paper performs an experimental approach for manufacturing permeable concrete that has both high water permeability and meets the strength requirement (1). At the same time, the influence of clogging sand and typical maintenance methods on the infiltration rate of permeable or pervious concrete is presented (2). Based on the literature review and obtained experimental results in this study, maintenance measures to ensure the required permeability for urban surface structures and sustainable surface waterdrainage are also proposed (3).


Using the CO disproportionation (Boudouard) reaction as a probe reaction, an in-depth analysis of temperature-programmed pulse response data shows that the addition of Pt to Mo2C mitigates deactivation of Mo active sites by acting as a carbon collector. CO2 production on Mo2C and Pt/Mo2C materials is dependent on both the activation energy and the CO surface concentration. Detailed plane-wave density functional theory calculations of the CO adsorption and disproportion reactions on Mo2C-supported Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. The Mo2C was modeled by the β-Mo2C (100) surface, and the Pt/Mo2C interface was modeled by the addition of 12 Pt atoms to the Mo2C (100) surface (12Pt@Mo2C). The potential energy surfaces of the Boudouard reaction were calculated on pure Mo2C, 12Pt@Mo2C, and Pt (111) surfaces. CO dissociation readily occurs on the Mo2C (100) surface, but not on the Pt (111) surface, with the former being exothermic and the latter being endothermic. At the Pt/Mo2C interface, CO dissociation is ...


The broad success of development initiatives and ensuing material prosperity in rural areas of the Indian Himalayas have seen an increasing number of families route their increased surpluses to nearby urban areas in search of speculative footholds. Yet, the region continues to be viewed as essentially rural by policy and academic literatures. This article critiques this association by focusing on social-spatial change in the town of Banjar in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. We turn our attention to the stories of property and infrastructures that connect households, contractors, workers and materials, as well as the collectives that emerge or are reconfigured alongside these built environments. The article shows how upward mobility is accompanied by new susceptibilities, how an unlikely and understudied set of agents drives urban change in the absence of formal planning and how inherited hierarchies are being renegotiated through everyday practices to produce what we call 'contoured urbanism', or the uneven but geographically situated form of urbanisation in parts of the Himalayan region. The article makes the case for critical urban research as a productive entry point into debates on regional futures.


This paper addresses the problem of identifying the property of the singularity loci of a class of 3/6-Gough-Stewart manipulators for general orientations in which the moving platform is an equilateral triangle and the base is a semiregular hexagon. After constructing the Jacobian matrix of this class of 3/6-Gough-Stewart manipulators according to the screw theory, a cubic polynomial expression in the moving platform position parameters that represents the position-singularity locus of the manipulator in a three-dimensional space is derived. Graphical representations of the position-singularity locus for different orientations are given so as to demonstrate the results. Based on the singularity kinematics principle, a novel method referred to as 'singularity-equivalent-mechanism' is proposed, by which the complicated singularity analysis of the parallel manipulator is transformed into a simpler direct position analysis of the planar singularity-equivalent-mechanism. The property of the position-singularit...


The invention relates to a wall material made of mine tailings and coal ash, which is prepared by utilizing tailings, coal ash, shell, cement, ardealite, foaming agent and stabilizing agent as raw materials. The wall material is characterized in that the raw materials include, by weight, 45% to 55% of tailings, 10% to 40% of coal ash, 15% to 35% of shell, 5% to 15% of cement and 2% to 5% of ardealite. In the total weight of the raw materials, the water accounts for 60% to 65%, the foaming agent accounts for 0.05% to 0.07%, and the stabilizing agent accounts for 0.03% to 0.04%. The wall material is low in cost, high in strength and fine in heat insulation and sound absorption effect. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the defects of high requirement for quartz content in mine tailings and insufficiency in utilization of the tailings in the prior art, the wall material and the manufacturing method thereof which are capable of sufficiently utilizing resources of the mine tailings and coal ash, saving a great quantity of lands and reducing environmental pollution are provided.


The invention discloses a turning processing technique for a flange of an angular contact bearing. The flange is an outer circle inclined flange. The technique comprises the following steps: firstly, roughly turning the flange of the angular contact bearing; maintaining 0.2-0.3mm margin for the flange after roughly turning; quenching and tempering; performing hard turning on the flange of the angular contact bearing subjected to quenching and tempering, wherein a rhombus blade is adopted during hard turning, the radius of the cutter point of a fillet blade is 0.2-0.4mm, the rotating speed of the spindle during the hard turning process is 450-500 rad/min and the feed rate is 0.05-0.08mm/rad. In such a mode, the turning processing technique for the flange of the angular contact bearing has the advantages that the abrasion of the cutter is reduced, the size precision of the flange is increased, the scrapping is reduced, the production cost is lowered and the quality of products is increased.


This article examines Helmut Lachenmann's groundbreaking work, Pression, for solo cello (1969). Its central question is how to understand Pression: not as a work (self-) contained in a score, but as a live object, as performance, action and embodiment. Pression is one of Lachenmann's first works introducing the concept of musique concrète instrumentale, music that emphasizes the way sound is produced rather than how it should be heard, thus reversing traditional hierarchies. This new musical aesthetic employing performative energy as compositional material requires an analytical approach that corresponds to the nature and demands of the music. My analysis thus draws primarily upon perspectives from the field of performance studies using Erika FischerLichte's concept autopoietic feedback loop to describe the relationship between performer and audience and perceptual multistability to describe that between performance and score. I discuss the prescriptive notation used in Pression, which presents actions and gestures as musical material although their primary purpose is not to produce sound. I address some important ontological implications of the challenge presented by Pression to the notion of the work-concept. In short, I use Pression as a case study for the investigation of notational, embodied, gestural and liminal aspects of performance. Throughout the investigation, I draw on my own experience as a cellist who has performed the piece.


The objective of this presentation is to gain insight into possible failure mechanisms in BaTiO3-based ceramic capacitors that may be associated with the reliability degradation that accompanies a reduction in dielectric thickness, as reported by Intel Corporation in 2010. The volumetric efficiency (µF/cm 3 ) of a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) has been shown to not increase limitlessly due to the grain size effect on the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO3 material. The reliability of an MLCC has been discussed with respect to its structure. The MLCCs with higher numbers of dielectric layers will pose more challenges for the reliability of dielectric material, which is the case for most base-metal-electrode (BME) capacitors. A number of MLCCs manufactured using both precious-metal-electrode (PME) and BME technology, with 25 V rating and various chip sizes and capacitances, were tested at accelerated stress levels. Most of these MLCCs had a failure behavior with two mixed failure modes: the well-known rapid dielectric wearout, and so-called "early failures." The two failure modes can be distinguished when the testing data were presented and normalized at uselevel using a 2-parameter Weibull plot. The early failures had a slope parameter of β >1, indicating that the early failures are not infant mortalities. Early failures are triggered due to external electrical overstress and become dominant as dielectric layer thickness decreases, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in reliability. This indicates that early failures are the main cause of the reliability degradation in MLCCs as dielectric layer thickness decreases. All of the early failures are characterized by an avalanche-like breakdown leakage current. The failures have been attributed to the extrinsic minor construction defects introduced during fabrication of the capacitors. A reliability model including dielectric thickness and extrinsic defect feature size is proposed in this presentation. The model can be used to explain the Intel-reported reliability degradation in MLCCs with respect to the reduction of dielectric thickness. It can also be used to estimate the reliability of a MLCC based on its construction and microstructure parameters such as dielectric thickness, average grain size, and number of dielectric layers. Measures for preventing early failures are also discussed in this document.


The syntheses of compounds 14–19, 6-methyluracilacryloyl derivatives, and 27–29, photoreactive aryl azide analogs of the antitumor antibiotic sparsomycin (1) are described. All of the modifications in the 6-methyluracilacryloyl part of 1 were achieved by selective reduction or by selective N- and O-methylation of 6 (Scheme 2). The key step in the synthetic scheme to the photo-affinity analogs is the reaction of the chloromethyl sulfoxides 20 and 21 with the properly protected cystamine 22 in liquid ammonia, to give the sparsomycin N-protected amines 23 and 24, respectively (Scheme 4). Subsequently, the photoreactive groups, viz. a p-azidosalicylyl and a 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl group, were coupled with these amines. For an evaluation of the biological activity of the compounds prepared, inhibition of protein biosynthesis in two cell-free assays, cell-growth inhibition of E. coli in liquid medium and inhibition of murine leukemia L1210 colony formation in soft agar were studied. All variations introduced in the "western A" fragment of 1 render the drug biologically inactive. Apparently, the uracil ring plays an important role in the interaction of sparsomycin with the ribosomal peptidyl transferase and its unmodified presence is crucial for displaying activity. The photoprobes, carrying modifications in the "eastern C" fragment of 1, do interact with the ribosome, but less effectively than sparsomycin itself.


This article presents a study for VoIP technology to elaborate a differentiated VoIP infrastructure with the proposed approach ProxySIP Bridge. This approach enhances the Back-to-Back User Agent With Media (B2BUAWM) approach in order to isolate the voice traffic from the remaining general purpose traffic and to enable direct voice traffic whenever possible. A differentiated VoIP infrastructure with ProxySIP Bridge is presented, which is an alternative to B2BUAWM original approach.


Contrast and brightness of digital images can be adjusted by contrast enhancement. Mostly digital images are stored in Jpeg format in real application like Internet and Mobile phones. In order to reduce the size digital images are compressed with high, middle and low quality factor. Move and paste type of images are created by malicious person, in which contrast of one source image is enhanced to match the other source image. Detecting global contrast enhancement on previously Jpeg compressed images can identified using global contrast enhancement detection algorithm. Zero height gab bins of histogram used to identify the global contrast enhancement. Zero height gap bins/peaks are used to identify the composite images created by contrast enhancement. Contrast enhancement technique aimed at detecting image tampering has grown in different applications area such as law enforcement, surveillance. Composite detection algorithm and global contrast enhancement detection algorithms are presented here. In order to increase the image processing task parallel approach is used.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for routing packet data between mobile terminals are provided to prevent waste of IP addresses and smoothly manage them by allocating an IP address to a mobile terminal only when packet data communication is made. CONSTITUTION: A mobile terminal 1(100) requests a packet data communication from a mobile terminal 2(102)(400). The mobile terminal 2(102) informs the mobile terminal 1(100) whether the requested packet data communication is accepted or not(402). If the mobile terminal 2(102) accepts the requested packet data communication, the mobile terminal 1(100) and the mobile terminal 2(102) request IP address allocation from a PDSN network(104)(404,406). The PDSN network(104) allocates an IP address to the mobile terminal 1(100) and the mobile terminal 2(102)(408,410). The mobile terminal 1(100) and the mobile terminal 2(102) register each IP address allocated from the PDSN network(104) in a gate keeper(412,414). The mobile terminal 1(100) and the terminal 2(102) perform packet data communication by using the allocated IP addresses(416).


An experiment was carried out to investigate the extent to which an absolute standard for firmness could be held independently of variations occurring within the samples being judged. Although the method gave good results as a whole, it was found that, when correlating the ratings to the objective measurements, the absolute standards were not held independently of the average firmness of the groups being judged. In practice, if a certain sample was judged, within a "soft" series of samples, it would be rated as being firmer than when it was judged among "firm" samples. Certain differences in the effects of these changes were related to the nature of the subjects' previous experience. When the results were considered on a relative comparison basis, it was found that a much lower threshold was achieved than had previously been obtained with judgments for springs using paired comparison methods. There were certain trends in the levels of discrimination with time. These trends are discussed. The strength of grip of the subjects bore some relation to their initial rating values, but apparently was not related to their level of discrimination. Subjects who were able to exert a more constant pressure throughout the test did not seem to be any better at discriminating than were others. Ratings made for a single sample two months after the main experiment were very similar to those previously given for the same sample.


The poems 1922–1926 are a body of work that has not received as much attention as it should. The most significant development is that Rilke, partly under the influence of Valéry whom he continued to translate, begins writing a large number of poems in French. What exactly does this turn to French mean? The main focus is on the Quatrains valaisans and the informal cycle of landscape poems in German related to the seasonal cycle, both of which are attempts to write a modern version of pastoral. This chapter makes the case for taking Rilke's French poems seriously and for seeing them as enabling him to do something different from his German work. It explores a lightness and song-like quality in Rilke's writing as the inheritance of the Sonette, while also attending to the German poems and the interactions between the two.


Hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea (HGHC) is a rare but characteristic movement disorder involving limbs on one side of the body. Along with elevated blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels with poorly controlled diabetes, choreiform or ballistic involuntary movements and neuroimaging findings such as CT-hyperattenuation or T1-hyperintensity on the striatum contralateral to the symptom side can lead to clinical diagnosis of HGHC (1-3). In correlation with neuroimaging abnormalities, pathophysiological mechanism that leads to abnormal movements has been rarely described in the literature (1-4). Multi-parametric MRI is a recent technique that can quantify longitudinal T1 relaxation, transverse T2 relaxation, proton density (PD), and amplitude of local radio frequency B1 field using multi-slice, multi-echo, and multi-delay acquisition (5-9). Based on these data, any contrast-weighted image with a combination of echo time (TE), repetition time (TR), and inversion time (TI) can be created and contrast-weighting can be freely adjusted. Furthermore, myelin map can be reconstructed based on new tissue classification modeling (6-8). Since myelin sheath coating axon is crucial for efficient signal transmission in the nervous system to increase the propagating speed This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: February 19, 2019 Revised: March 19, 2019 Accepted: May 10, 2019


This paper discusses how to estimate scatter when performing motion correction of PET data. It concentrates on head movement, but some results are valid for non-rigid motion as well. We show that rigid motion affects scattered events differently then unscattered events. This has consequences for the scatter estimation procedure. We show with simulations, phantom measurements and patient data that our proposed method obtains fully quantitative motion-corrected PET images.


Both theoretical analysis and experimental verifications are performed on distributed sensors for Timoshenko beams. Development of a modal sensor for thick beams is hindered by the fact that it cannot be observed. It has been found that if we consider a modal sensor that neglects the shear strain effect in thick beams, we can develop an approximated modal sensor for thick beams. In addition, a previous concept is extended based on an APROPOS device (Autonomous Phase–gain Rotational/linear Optimum Piezoelectric Sensing) originally developed for thin beams to thick beams. Our successful results clearly show that autonomous gain and phase of thick-beam-based sensors and actuators are feasible.


KUALA LUMPUR: Choosing the tagline of 'Fulfilling Promises' as the foremost important agenda, the Barisan Nasional (BN) has touched the hearts of many Malaysians regardless of age, gender, religion and living standards with continuous efforts
for the betterment of all.


In the early 1700s, as Connecticut and the other private colonies were combating the Board of Trade's attempts to revoke their charters, a long-running dispute between the colony and the Mohegans, a once-powerful Native American tribe, came to the attention of royal officials. The dispute centered on a large tract of land (approximately 20,000 acres) in southeastern Connecticut, which, the Mohegans claimed, the colony had reserved for them in the late seventeenth century. Concerned that the colony had violated its agreements, the Mohegans, aided by powerful colonists with a pecuniary interest in this tract of land, appealed to the Privy Council. As a result of this appeal, what had been a narrow dispute over land became part of a larger conflict between the Crown, the colony, and the tribe over property and autonomy in the empire. The origins of the conflict between the Mohegans and Connecticut lie in the complicated aftermath of the Pequot War in the late 1630s. Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, used the warfare between the English and the Pequots to undermine the powerful Pequot sachem, Sassacus. According to Michael Oberg, "With the Pequots under attack by the Narragansetts and the Dutch, and ensnared in an increasingly tangled web of controversy with the English, Uncas saw alliance with the newcomers as a means to increase his power and that of the Mohegans."


The article reveals the process on the development of professional bilingualism among the students of sports disciplines, through the use of methodological tools in the process of learning a foreign language.


This paper introduces the definition of literature,expounds the principles of literature service,analyzes the defects of literature service in the practice,and probes into the development direction of future literature service.


Civil infrastructures are vital to a nation's economy and quality of life because modern economies rely on the ability to move goods, people, and information safely and reliably. It is therefore of utmost importance that the flow of services they provide continue unimpeded despite a broad range of hazards. This linkage between systems and services is critical: for although infrastructures may be discussed in terms of hardware, it is the services they provide that are of real value to the public. Definitions of infrastructures should therefore include institutions and people in addition to technological artifacts. This paper explores linkages between physical systems and the organizations and social networks that support them. Drawing on various examples, including the loss of two space shuttles, the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the 2003 northeast power blackout, it demonstrates that organizational culture and values are critical to the reliability and resiliency of infrastructure systems


Key driver analysis is a broad term used to cover a variety of analytical techniques. It always involves at least one dependent or criterion variable and one or (typically) multiple independent or predictor variables whose effect on the dependent variable needs to be understood. The dependent variable is usually a measure on which the manager is trying to improve the organization's performance. Examples include overall satisfaction, loyalty, value and likelihood to recommend.


This article analyzes the present situation of experiment teaching in resources environment specialty and some problems from the following aspects such as education concepts,experiment content and teaching methods,experimental instruments and equipments,experiment teaching troops,etc.. This paper also provides the corresponding measures and suggestions for the experiment teaching reform.


Two new fuzzy clustering approaches, GgaFca and HGgaFca,are proposed based on the good point-set genetic algorithm. It is shown how GgaFca can be used to find the centroid of a user specified number (c) of clusters, which is characterized by inferior sensitivity to initial input, quick convergence, higher accuracy and removal of premature. The hybrid algorithm,HGgaFca,basically uses fuzzy c-means(Fcm) clustering algorithm to refine the clusters formed by GgaFca. The experiment results show by comparison that the hybrid algorithm,HGgaFca,has better general performance and can be applied to various databases for clustering data in data mining.


* 1. A Revolution Can Only be Born From Culture and Ideas * 2. The Battle For Sovereignty is a Battle for Culture Too


Abstract Since about a year there has been an influx of refugees from Ukraine due to the current war situation. Data on the mental health condition of Ukrainian refugees will be reviewed and compared to the mental health conditions to refugees from other parts of the world in Germany. Moreover, the psychosocial and socioeconomic situation of refugees from Ukraine will be reflected on the background of the situation of refugees from other countries. Conclusions from the recent experiences for the mental health care system will be drawn and discussed with the aufience in a European perspective. Special highlight will be given to pilot best practice modells for mental health care of Ukrainian refugees within the German mental health care system. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded for ?the discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.? In this paper it is explained what exactly William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza discovered and what is the practical importance of their discovery. The structure and regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is characterized. The function of HIF as a metabolic switch ? from aerobic energy production to anaerobic glycolysis ? is described. Special attention is paid to the role of HIF in tumor progression.Finally, the most important issue is emphasized ? perspectives of the use of the Nobel Prize 2019 awarded discovery in therapy, including cancer and anemia therapy.


What lessons can architecture learn from software development, and more specifically, from the Free, Libre, and Open Source Software (FLOSS) movement?

Written in the form of a quasi-license, "Urban Versioning System 1.0" is a pamphlet by Matthew Fuller and Usman Haque, published by the Architectural League of New York as part of the Situated Technologies Pamphlet Series edited by Omar Khan, Trebor Scholz and Mark Shepard.

The document posits seven constraints that, if followed, will contribute to an open source urbanism that radically challenges the conventional ways in which cities are constructed.


By solving the key technical problems such as high-temperature resistance,high-pressure resistance,sealing,and long-distance video signal transmission, we have developed a down-hole optical imaging logging system that can display the situation of the down-hole clearly. The key techniques and solutions of the system are analyzed. The field log test indicates that the video pictures of the down-hole are visual. The system worked for 5 hours in the borehole with 110 ℃ and 25 MPa , showing its general performances meet the designed requirements.


The development of GIS will tend towards the opening which includes system structure,data model and the origianl idea. The combination of GIS and OpenSource will push GIS into the public. The OpenSource-based WebGIS has turned into an important development direction. So the paper discusses the core technology,data model,system skeleton the realization about the WebGIS based on the OpenSource framework.


Acronym means a word created from the first letters of each word in a series of words. Acronym in Korean consists of the first sound of each word which is word-initial syllable in most cases. As for the process extracting word-initial syllables or consonants we can call it acronymization which is related with neologism. Recently, we face much more acronyms in virtue of developing of world wide web, mobile internet platforms and social media. This study aims first to discuss about definition of acronym(ization) in Korean and second to compare acronymization with blending and third to discover why the speakers select a form of acronym instead of an original form in a state of syntactic construction. Generally, researchers said that for selecting acronyms is due to the effect of language contact and socio-linguistic motivation. Furthermore, we can explain why the speakers select acronyms in terms of psychological reality. First, in lexicon, acronyms are not only connected to original forms but also connected to other acronyms. For example, "emchina" is connected to "emchinttal", "pwuchinnam", "wachinnam" and so on. Second, acronym which has idiomaticity is one of the forms of idiomatization. The form of idiomatization is (1) the original form as syntactic construction, (2) the selecting one of the constituents by semantic focusing, (3) acronymization or blending.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of gμ(m,n)b-open, gμ(m,n)b-closed, quasi gμ(m,n)b-open, and quasi gμ(m,n)b-closed functions in bigeneralized topological spaces. Basic properties, characterizations and relationships between these functions are obtained.


The present invention relates to articles, such as retroreflective sheeting article comprising a release coating. The present invention also describes a release coating and is suitable for the hydrophilic component of the release coating. The release coating comprises the polyorganosiloxane polymer and at least 10 or 15% by weight of hydrophilic units.


Quoting from the Symantec official announcement: Symantec Corp. today announced it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Altiris, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATRS), a leading provider ...


This study compares psychological symptoms and sexual tendencies in women with a history of mental disorders, women with physical and health problems. This research is a methodological, descriptive, and causal comparison, in terms of the fundamental purpose and in terms of collecting data in a field type. The statistical population of this study consisted of women with a history of mental disorders, having a physical and health condition in the year 95. In order to select a sample in this study, 30 samples from each of the women's communities were selected and 90 subjects were selected as research samples. The method of sampling in this research was targeted to healthy people, randomized and available for people with a history of mental disorders and physical illness. According to the research goals and types of variables, a tool was used to measure the variables. Based on library studies and web searches, the psychotic symptoms questionnaire (Takata & Washakata, the Holbert) Sexuality Scale and (OBQ-44) questionnaire were selected as the research tool. In order to distribute the questionnaires, the relevant clinics were coordinated, the questionnaires were distributed among the research samples, and the questionnaires were completed after the response. In order to test the statistical hypotheses after confirmation of the default, the normal distribution of data was done using one-way ANOVA tests and post-Tukey and T-test dance tests for comparing psychosomatic symptoms and sexual tendencies among the research samples. The results of the test of statistical hypotheses showed that psychological symptoms and sexual orientation in women with a history of mental disorders, women with physical illnesses and healthy women have a significant difference. Article visualizations:


In recent years, many studies have been carried out on cement and its phase's tounderstand the morphology, and to control the mineralogy of this material; due to the greatposition it has become globally occupied. This material is formed from a synthetic rock calledclinker; tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5 or C3S) its major constituent present a concentrationfrom 40% to 70%, and its solid solution with various impurities is called alite. Impure C3Sexhibits seven polymorphs from ambient temperature to 1500°C; three forms triclinic (T1, T2, T3), three monoclinic (M1, M2, M3) and one shape rhombohedral (R). At room temperature,impurities stabilize some of the high temperature forms of the pure compound. Those formsare related by transformation matrix determined in this article. The aim of the present paper isto investigate the structural modulations of alite.


Achieving sustainable urban growth through the construction of more human cities with inclusive social policies are priorities for United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) and its thousands of local government members. Many of these UCLG members have created and implemented city develop ment strategies (CDS) which have redu ced poverty and improved the quality of life. For example, the strategic plan for Johannesburg, JoBurg 2030, has made it possible to achieve remarkable pro gress, particularly in the areas of housing and economic development. Maputo (Mozambique) has developed its services infrastructure in a relatively short amount of time; Rosario (Argentina) has brou ght its services closer to the population by decentralizing management and has achieved greater integration of its metro politan zone. We have already recognized examples of Brazilian cities which have combined strategic planning and citizen participation to make considerable progress in poverty reduction. These examples show that urban planning implementation and techniques must evolve with changing situations with regard to decentralization and democracy. City development strategies rely on the mobilisation of local actors, the active participation of the private sector and better integration of public policy at all levels. Case studies of Lima, Alexandria and the Philippines, conducted with the support of the Cities Alliance and described in this publication, give a good idea of the variety of city development strategies. But our experience also shows how crucial it is to go beyond planning. It is necessary to bring together the resources that are required for implementation. This is why fundamental changes are necessary in the way international development agencies work with local governments, whether in the world's largest cities or the smallest villages. Flexible, consistent and suitable mechanisms are essential in order to guarantee that cities have regular financial resources. Since its creation, UCLG has been working within the Cities Alliance to amplify the voices of local authorities and strengthen the partnerships with development agencies. In 2006, we jointly launched a program to promote city development strategies based on the Millennium Development Aim which facilitate knowledge exchange and learning between the cities of Africa and South America. We would like to promote these ex periences and strategies which reflect the needs and commitments of local governments, with a view to achieving the United Nations' Millennium Goals.


Patient safety is an ethical issue in nursing care, which should be carried out in the best possible way, in order to promote and cooperate in preventing and reducing the occurrence of errors. This study aims to identify the nursing team's nursing care practices for patient safety in an adult intensive care unit of a mid-sized hospital located in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach. Ten professionals of the unit were interviewed using an instrument containing 14 questions, using the Bardin Content Analysis to identify the focal points of the information collected. Results: Data analysis revealed three categories, which describe the main findings. The nurses of the Intensive Care Unit are faced daily with diagnoses of severe patients, and these have an important role in the survival of sick
individuals, and can come from several factors. Conclusion: It is concluded that more comprehensive actions are needed in which events prevention measures are adopted, since there is still a need to stimulate patient safety and discuss with the nursing team effective strategies on the subject.


The standard solution to the problem of rational decision making under uncertainty is to postulate the existence of a von Neumann-Morgenstern-type utility function, the expected value of which the individual seeks to maximize. The necessary properties of such functions have been widely discussed in the literature, and several writers, for example Arrow 1 and Chernoff and Moses,2 have pointed out the necessity for such functions to be bounded if they are to be relied upon to discriminate correctly between alternative actions. This restriction of boundedness may be regarded as a drawback to the empirical implementation of the expected-utility criterion, since many of the most convenient functional forms (e.g., the logarithmic, the polynomials) seem inadmissible because of their unboundedness. The purpose of this article is to examine the practical limitations on the use of unbounded utility functions. The conclusion is reached that only under highly improbable conditions concerning the probability density function of returns do unbounded utility functions fail to discriminate correctly between alternative actions. Consider first the important class of polynomial utility functions.


The annealing behavior of very thin SiO2/Ge multilayers deposited on Si substrate by e-gun deposition in high vacuum was explored. It is shown that, after annealing at moderate temperatures (800°C) in inert atmosphere, Ge is completely outdiffused from the SiO2 matrix leaving small (about 3 nm) spherical voids embedded in the SiO2 matrix. These voids are very well correlated and formed at distances governed by the preexisting multilayer structure (in vertical direction) and self-organization (in horizontal direction). The formed films produce intensive photoluminescence (PL) with a peak at 500 nm. The explored dynamics of the PL decay show the existence of a very rapid process similar to the one found at Ge/SiO2 defected interface layers.


In this article an empirically oriented conceptualization of frames is developed, using the issue of asylum and illegal immigration in the Belgian press as a test case. The methodological focus of this study is on the question of how these frames can be detected in the coverage. How can they be defined independently of the researcher's perspective, knowing that the naming of frames in itself already involves a kind of framing? Two frames are reconstructed and deductively 'measured' by a content analysis: on the one hand, 'asylum-seekers are innocent victims' and, on the other hand, 'asylum-seekers are intruders'. In the second phase, this article examines to what extent eight Belgian newspapers used these two frames to cover the issue of asylum. A homogeneity analysis by means of HOMALS is introduced in the framing research. It turns out to be a fruitful way to establish the frames in the news more precisely. The construction of indices made it possible to explore the evolution of the use of frames over t...


Field internship of higher education institutions plays a significant role in talent cultivation for the undergraduates whose major is biology.Under the background of the internationalization of higher education,the inter-school cooperation and exchange of undergraduate courses in colleges and universities in our country has important practical value and theoretical significance.Through the introduction of the practice of China and American joint internship,this paper analyzes the advantages of China and American joint practice of field biology from the aspects of practice content,practice mode and practice effect,and points out its shortcomings.This practice reflects the comprehensive,open and expansive characteristics of biological field practice,which is conducive to cultivating high-quality innovative top-notch talents.


Indonesia is one of the countries most vulnerable to flooding. Flood is a condition where there is no water in the waster flow or the flow of water in the drainage canal, so that it overflows the surrounding area. flood has been recognized as one of the worst natural disasters in the world. The causes of flood can be influenced by rainfall, physiographic effects, erosion, and river capacity. Therefore an effort is needed to solve these problems, namely by providing education on flood disaster mitigation. One of them is that from basic education starting from children can be a good example to cope with disasters. The aim of the author is to build an android-based flood disaster mitigation education game that meets the requirements of early childhood education to reduce the risk of flooding. The method used by the writer is using the System Development Life Cycle or SDLC method that uses the Waterfall model. Edugame flood mitigation based on Android, made with 2D Game Engine platform can increase knowledge about flood disaster mitigation. Based on the questionnaire the results of testing the system with black box testing and usability using SUS calculations, the results reached 64, where 61-80 interval scale numbers are stated to run according to their functions.


The utility model discloses a cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter clamp. The problem that a cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter in the prior art is wasted seriously is solved. The cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter clamp comprises a base with a rectangular hole, a lower clamping element and an upper clamping element, the lower clamping element and the upper clamping element are used for clamping the cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter, and are arranged in the rectangular hole, a clamping device for clamping the cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter is arranged between the upper clamping element and the lower clamping element, a locating device for limiting the relative movement of the upper clamping element and the lower clamping element is arranged between the upper clamping element and the lower clamping element, and a fastening device used for clamping the upper clamping element and the lower clamping device is arranged on the base. The cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter clamp solves the problem that the cemented carbide roll collar channeling cutter cannot be repaired after being damaged, is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and convenient and reliable to use, and saves cost, and part machining precision is improved.


This object lesson examines a seventeenth-century cabinet, held at Milton Manor House in Oxfordshire, which has been embroidered with biblical scenes. Starting from the premise that knowledge informs seeing, this article provides a close reading of the cabinet's iconography and historical context in order to highlight the knowledge — both the general ideologies and the individual interpretation — that may have informed its production. Through a detailed reading, the maker's negotiation of the virtue of submissiveness, a major tenet of women's education in the period, is identified as a possible theme.


Temporal variation in the levels of Cu and Cd in zooplankton, phytoplankton and water taken from five pelagic stations in Hamilton Harbour during three separate sampling periods (June, August and October/November 1990) was examined. Significant seasonal variation occurred in the Cu and Cd levels measured in water and phytoplankton (Cu Water: df=2, F=32.28, P~.0001, Cu Phytoplankton: df=2, F=48.94, P~.0001 and Cd Water: df=2, F=18.98, P~.0001, Cd Phytoplankton: df=2, F=58.81, P~.OOOl). However, the Cu levels observed in zooplankton did not vary significantly with season (df=2, F=1.79, P~.1919). The maximal levels of Cd in zooplankton in November may be due to increased ingestion of material that is resuspended during turnover. Similarly, the peak levels of Cu and Cd recorded in November in phytoplankton may be due to a combination of processes: a) change in the size structure of the phytoplankton community to smaller individuals with higher metal sorption capacities and/or b) contamination of phytoplanktonic tissue samples by resuspended material. Phytoplankton metal levels (Cu and Cd) are negatively correlated with chl ~ concentrations (n=45, r= .8171, P~.0001 and n-41, r=-.5961, P~ . 0001, respectively). These relationships are likely the result of a dilution effect.


Objectives: This is an exploratory study to examine the relations among self-esteem, oral health behaviours and clinical oral health status in Chinese adults. In addition, gender differences in clinical oral health status and oral health behaviours were explored. Methods: Participants were 192 patients from a private dental clinic in Hong Kong aged between 18 and 67 years. Prior to oral health examination, participants completed a questionnaire about their oral health behaviours and the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A dentist and a registered dental hygienist examined their tooth condition and clinical oral health status. Results: Participants with high self-esteem had better clinical oral health status than participants with low self-esteem despite no difference in their oral health behaviours. Male participants flossed less frequently than female participants but there was no difference in their clinical oral health status. Linear regression analyses showed that only self-esteem was, but gender, age, and tooth conditions were not, a significant predictor of clinical oral health status. Conclusions: In general, Chinese adults in Hong Kong had satisfactory oral health behaviours. Chinese adults with high self-esteem had better clinical oral health status than those with low self-esteem. However, oral health behaviours did not differ by level of self-esteem. Implications for implementing psychosocial elements in oral health education were discussed.


In our comments on the paper of Link and Ludecke we document that these authors used rather improper quotations of our paper. They also argued on the basis of false claims regarding our mathematical and physical description of both the global energy balance model of Schneider and Mass and the Dines-type two-layer energy balance model for the Earth-atmosphere system. They completely disregarded the respective literature. They claimed excellent agreement between their predicted Earth's surface temperature and the observed one even though they only reproduced the temperature by an inverse application of the power law of Stefan and Boltzmann. They also claimed that their result for the increase in the Earth's surface temperature of about 1.1 K due to the doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration is in good agreement with the IPCC value if no feedback is considered. However, beside the fact that this result is not based on model predictions, it also disagrees with the definition of the anthropogenic radiative forcing as can be found not only in the respective literature, but also in various IPCC reports.


Uncommon but classically described, intestinal carcinoid tumors represent a variety of neuroendocrine tumors. Able to secrete amines and hormones, they can produce characteristic symptoms called "carcinoïd syndrome". A cardiopathy is sometimes associated with the disease and carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity.


A numerical simulation is presented of the turbulent flows of coaxial jet interactions in a swirl combustor under different conditions. The simulation is performed by employing the full form of a new algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM). The calculated gas axial and tangential velocities, static pressure, and turbulent fluctuating velocity are compared with the measured test data and those predicted by the simplified form of the new ASM and the k–ϵ model. It is shown that the predictions by the full form of the new ASM agree with the measured data. The results obtained under different swirl numbers of the outer jet indicate that the interactions between the inner and outer coaxial jets have evident effects on the swirling turbulent flows in the combustor.


This paper reports an examination which observes the energy-saving and comfortable living environment using thermal radiative cooling/heating system. This system has a characteristic of cooling or heating the residential house or apartment without blowing wind. The thermal radiative cooling/heating system has been investigated in the actual residence, compared with a new air-conditioner of a high energy-saving. As a result, although the processes of heat exchange differ, it turns out that thermal radiative cooling/heating system has the performance which is equal to the newest air-conditioner with more desired specifications. On the other hand, it has been found the big possibility of the electric- power-demand peak-cut operation based on the thermal storage nature of water which is one of the features of the proposed system.


We show that the regime of strong-light matter coupling with remarkable magnetic properties can be realized in systems based on monolayers of chromium triiodide (CrI3). This two-dimensional material combines the presence of ferromagnetic ordering with the possibility of forming strongly-bound excitonic complexes even at room temperature. Using microscopic first-principle calculations we reveal a rich spectrum of optical transitions, corresponding to both Wannier- and Frenkel-type excitons, including those containing electrons with a negative effective mass. We show that excitons of different polarizations efficiently hybridize with a photonic mode of a planar microcavity, and due to the peculiar selection rules polariton modes become well resolved in circular polarizations. The combination of very strong optical oscillator strength of excitons and cavity confinement leads to large values of the Rabi splitting, reaching 35 meV for a single monolayer, and giant Zeeman splitting between polariton modes of up to 20 meV. This makes CrI3 an excellent platform for magnetopolaritonic applications.


Evidence is given that Au and Au-based contacts do not react with GaAs substrate when alloyed with a CVD SiO2layer deposited on top of the metal. Reduced reactivity results in a significantly better morphology of the contact as compared with those alloyed conventionally. Lower electrical resistivities of Au(Zn)/p-GaAs and Au(GeNi)/n-GaAs ohmic contacts are obtained in a wider range of processing temperatures.


With great emphasis Martha Nussbaum has made a case for the use of literature in moral philosophy. Nussbaum points out two main contexts where literature enters moral discourse. First, the literature we read during our lives plays an important role in the formation of our moral beliefs, not only in so far the content of our value judgements is concerned, but also with respect to the faculty of moral judgement itself. Thus, the reading of literature is of significance in moral education, since it supports and guides our development as moral agents. Second, Nussbaum claims that literature has a crucial place within her own research project on the "thick vague theory of the good", in establishing a list of essential activities, capacities and restraints of human life. The picture, roughly, is the following: Both philosophical ethics and works of literature are endeavours to answer the question: "How should we live?" In order to compile that list of essential activities, capabilities and restraints, the moral philosopher asks both real people and works of literature, what they consider to be elements of this list, i.e. what are according to them the things they would least want to miss in their lives. Not only human selfinterpretations written down by philosophers should be considered relevant, but also those self-interpretations in myth and literature, i.e. in stories coming about by means of literary imagination. Both contexts, however, display a certain similarity. The readers of, say, a novel are confronted with various patterns of actions and decisions and with the value judgements of the novel's figures and the implied author. The readers have to compare these diverse patterns with each other and to evaluate them on the background of their very own value judgements. If a pattern presented in the novel and the reader's value judgement do not coincide, the reader can either disapprove of the decisions made in the novel or revise his own judgement. In this holistic process the reader aims both at coherence and at saving as much of the literary 'phenomena' as possible. Basically the moral philosophers – the scientific community – have to do the same job as the readers of novels as Nussbaum conceives them. They, too, have to form a coherent picture out of the divers and dissenting material they collect. Nussbaum's project thus has a strong socio-empirical element: She researches expressions of human self-interpretation in different cultures, in different times and places. This approach is thought to provide a shared universal basis "in a world in which practical discourse is and must be increasingly international".


Sparse matrix computations are ubiquitous in scientific computing; General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is fast becoming a key component of high performance computing systems. It is therefore natural that a substantial amount of effort has been devoted to implementing sparse matrix computations on GPUs.
In this paper, we discuss our work in this field, starting with the data structures we have employed to implement common operations, together with the software architecture we have devised to allow interoperability with existing software packages. To test the effectiveness of our approach we have run experiments with it on two platforms; the experimental results show that our data structures allow us to achieve very good performance results, significantly better than what can be obtained with the most recent version of the CUSPARSE library.


The four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in a so-called left-handed material (LHM) with a third-order nonlinear response is studied. The theoretical models for the wavelength conversion (WC) and parametric amplification (PA) based on the FWM in the LHM are established when the signal falls in the frequency range of backward or forward wave. Analytical formulas for the WC efficiency and PA gain are derived. The influences of the pump powers, the phase mismatch, and the interaction length on the performances of the WC and PA are analyzed. The phase-match dependence of the performance is reduced by carefully controlling the pump powers.


This paper proposes an optimization model for the determination of LLC resonant converter design parameters. The optimization model is developed based on the fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) analysis and variable reluctance control method. The objective of the optimal design is to reach the maximum controllability characteristics by the resonant converter. The reluctance control strategy is used as converter controller because it presents a wide range controllability compared to switching frequency based control methods. To verify the optimization results, an accurate converter model is implemented by PSPICE software; the converter model takes into account the parasitic elements of the power semiconductor switches. Simulation results are presented for the resonant converter with optimal parameters. The results obtained from simulations show acceptable agreement with the theatrical analysis.


The human visual characteristics of measurement and its application in image technology have been become researched hotspot in recent years.Firstly,the human visual characteristics of measurement is examined,and it is theoretically analyzed to obtain the model,then according to the visual characteristics of human eyes,the application in digital imaging technology of coding,compression processing,and so on is researched,to provide basis and technical support for the application of the human visual characteristics in digital imaging technology.


Responsibility is a hot topic in climate change debates. Who is to blame for climate change? Who has the duty to do something about it? These questions are particularly relevant in discussions about climate change mitigation, that is, about who should reduce their carbon emissions and by how much. In his address to the COP 18 in Doha, in December 2012, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, stated that "the developed world should bear most of the responsibility" for mitigation because "the climate change phenomenon has been caused by the industrialization of the developed world" (The Guardian, 2012). In contrast, renowned climate change economist Lord Nicholas Stern argued that developing countries are now responsible for the bulk of carbon emissions and therefore, regardless of their historical contributions, need to adopt ambitious carbon reduction objectives (Harvey, 2012).


In the past fifty years, under the influence
of traditional grammatical study of modern
Chinese, people working in the field of teaching
Chinese as a second language and International
Chinese Teaching have been treating grammar
teaching (i.e. teaching of sentence patterns)
and vocabulary teaching as two independent
parts. As a result, many language units between
lexical words and sentences in real life
communication have been neglected although
these units play an important role in both
vocabulary teaching and sentence pattern
teaching in International Chinese Teaching and
deserve due attention within any teaching
approach. Based on the "Construction-Chunk"
Theory, and guided by the concept of
"collocation", the article analyses complements of Mandarin Chinese in order to discuss the
function of the "Construction-Chunk" Theory on
International Chinese Teaching and research


In this work, we report retrieval of 3-D phase of homogenously fluorescent objects with a constant absorption coefficient that is homogenous. TIE equations can be used to retrieve the 3-D phase.


This paper explores some aspects of building and fostering strong group dynamics to enhance expedition behavior and ultimately, successful wilderness group experiences. It attempts to reflect the needs of both large-scale expeditions and educational and camp groups traveling through wilderness, and includes various activities to allow for direct learning experiences. The foundation of expeditions is social atmosphere. As a group travels through wilderness and partakes in new experiences, its members will also travel the human dimension of the journey, learning and experiencing ideas and emotions through one another. The quality of this social dimension is pivotal upon a healthy attitude. Enhancing a healthy attitude involves recognizing common sources of conflict among people in wilderness groups, including lack of respect; lack of flexibility; poor food; unbalanced chores; different objectives; different energy levels; different attitudes; stressors (such as bad weather); and an out-of-sync group member. The best way to combat these sources of conflict is to start before the expedition departs, by nurturing an environment where people feel free to express themselves. Included is an outline with suggestions for fostering strong group dynamics on wilderness trips, emphasizing pretrip objectives, route planning, working with group members, possible stressors, and overall excellent trip behavior. (Author/TSP) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Human Dimensions of Expeditions: Deeply Rooted, Branching Out Tom G. Potter, Associate Professor School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks and Tourism Lakehead University 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B 5E1 Phone: (807) 343-8843 Fax: (807) 346-7836 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 13.4rs document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality.U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 13.4rs document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality. Points Of view or opinions stateo in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


1Department of Pharmacy, District Hospital Lamjung, Besisahar, Province Gandaki, Nepal; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Province Bagmati, Nepal; 3Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Province Bagmati, Nepal; 4School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia; 5Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; 6Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK


The appealing part of a literary work is to enable the audience to feel emotionally connected with a literary work, leading them to produce diverse interpretations. In this respect, the occurrence of Amanda Gorman's poem of The Hill We Climb is capable of attracting American citizens' attention to deliver their perception of the work. The intensity of American society's reactions can be seen in how the audience expresses their responses on YouTube. Therefore, the writer decided to analyze the phenomenon further by applying Stuart Hall's reception theory aimed to prevail on how American society perceives the poem. Finally, the result of the analysis shows that the majority of Americans perceived the work as encouragement in refining the principles of American democracy, which were categorized as dominant readings. On the other hand, several audiences who interpreted the poem as a form of hope are included as negotiated readings that deliver different opinions but align with the poet's perception. The last is oppositional readings that interpret the poem as a redundant work, shown by the audience's incapability to comprehend the poem comprehensively. Briefly, the variety of the audience's interpretations is because of diverse perceptions possessed by the audience in perceiving the message of democracy within the poem, which is influenced by their backgrounds.


The distribution of prime numbers is here considered. We show a formula for li − 1 and we study the π ( x ) function and Riemann's hypothesis.


Since the introduction of fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR) in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15, swift progress has been made to evolve 5G with 3GPP Release 18 emerging. A critical aspect is the design of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. In this line, this paper makes several important contributions: We provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of standardized massive MIMO features from 3GPP Release 15 to 17 for both time/frequency-division duplex operation across frequency range in (FR)-1 and FR 2-1. We analyze the progress on channel state information (CSI) frameworks, beam management frameworks and present enhancements for uplink CSI. We shed light on emerging 3GPP Release 18 problems requiring imminent attention. These include advanced codebook design and sounding reference signal design for coherent joint transmission (CJT) with multiple transmission/reception points (multi TRPs). We discuss advancements in uplink demodulation reference signal design, enhancements for mobility to provide accurate CSI estimates, and unified transmission configuration indicator framework tailored for FR 2–1 bands. For each concept, we provide system level simulation results to highlight their performance benefits. Via field trials in an outdoor environment at Shanghai Jiaotong University, we demonstrate the gains of multi-TRP CJT relative to single TRP at 3.7 GHz.


The invention discloses a word-for-word synchronous lyric file generating method, including: an audio file is loaded, and audio data and time information are extracted; a time shaft is generated; an audio waveform diagram is generated and displayed; lyric is acquired, and initial position of each character in the lyric corresponding to the time shaft is determined and displayed; a lyric dragging handle for each character is generated; the audio file is played, and playing progress is prompted on the audio waveform diagram; a request of user for adjusting the position of the lyric dragging handle is received, and the position of the lyric dragging handle is adjusted; time information of each character in the lyric is determined; and the determined time information of each character in the lyric is stored, and a word-for-word synchronous lyric file is generated. The invention also discloses a word-for-word synchronous lyric file generating system. By adopting the method or system of the invention, reference for making word-for-word synchronous lyric file can be provided in audition and vision, and accuracy and making speed of word-for-word synchronous lyric file can be improved.


The present invention, based on the total weight of the composition, (a) 20 to 40% by weight of cement; (B) blast furnace slag from 15 to 40% by weight; (C) one or more kinds of mica and 5 to 20 wt% selected from alumina; (D) a fluidized bed boiler fly ash from 0 to 10% by weight; (E) expanded vermiculite 10% to 40% by weight; (F) 10 to 30% by weight of at least one member selected from calcium carbonate and limestone; And (g) thickening material of 0.5 to 20% by weight; relates to a fireproofing composition comprising a. The fireproofing composition to form a proper density to ensure a certain degree of porosity, and reduced the cracking according to the contract in the non-shrink properties, especially the resistance to fire, high temperature thereby significantly improved.


Let us denote by H P3 the Hilbert scheme of smooth connected curves in the projective 3-space P. We study the irreducible components of H P3 whose general member C is contained in a smooth cubic surface. In particular, we classify the all such irreducible components of H P3 , under the assumption that C is linearly and quadratically normal, i.e., H(P, IC(l)) = 0 for l = 1, 2.


The Stefan problem with internal heat generation can be found in various industrial applications. In particular, this problem describes melting of nuclear fuel rods during a reactor emergency. The present study reports on numerical modeling of the heat conduction equation and the Stefan equation with an application of the method of catching of the front into a space grid node. To solve numerically the heat conduction equation we realized an implicit four-node scheme using the Thomas method and iteration procedure.