This study is concerned with the current job preparation programmes for special education students in Taiwan. Two hundred and three randomly selected special education teachers in Northern Taiwan responded to a questionnaire about job-related social skills. The relationship between teachers' demographic characteristics and their teaching of job-related social skills was examined. In general, teachers' pedagogical practices were found to focus more on the basic job-related social skills (such as proper attire, hygiene, punctuality and attendance) than on the advanced job-related social skills (such as cooperation and emotion management). Interestingly, teachers with a special education degree tended to nurture both dimensions of job-related social skills. Additionally, teacher experience was found to be a key contributor to the teaching of job-related social skills, with less experienced teachers more likely to downplay the teaching of such skills.


The data relating to the distribution of income and wealth (ISEE- Equivalent Economic Situation Indicator) in Italy are not available to the scientific community. This makes difficult the possibility of performing simulations of hypothetical reforms. In this paper, we show how to reconstruct the ISEE using the information provided in EU-SILC 2008 for Italy.


In this paper, Ti6Al4V+3 wt.% TiB2 composite powder was used as a raw
 material to synthesize TiB whiskers in situ and prepare composites
 reinforced with TiB/Ti6Al4V whiskers by selective laser melting (SLM). The
 effects of process parameters on the properties of TiB/Ti6Al4V samples were
 systematically studied. The evolution of the microstructure, including the
 formation and regulation of whiskers, and the effects on mechanical
 properties were discussed. The results showed that during the SLM process,
 adjusting the energy density effectively inhibited cracking in the
 TiB/Ti6Al4V samples. The TiB2 particles acted as nucleation centers to
 significantly refine the grains during processing and reacted with elemental
 Ti to form a needle-like TiB network at the grain boundaries, which
 strengthened the whiskers. Additionally, TiB played a role in dispersion
 strengthening. Compared with Ti6Al4V, the microhardness of TiB/Ti6Al4V was
 430.6?11.45 HV, an increase of 27.9%, and the wear volume of the sample was
 0.85?10-3 mm3, a decrease of 62.64%.


Introduction and objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems in predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, between August 2013 and September 2015 in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging. A total of 100 cases of renal calculi operated on with PCNL were considered in the study on the basis of CT morphodensitometry. The study was approved by the institute's ethical committee. Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems were calculated. Regression analysis and ROC curves were performed. Results: A total of 100 PCNLs were operated on. The overall stone-free rate was 90% with a complication rate of 17%. When compared to patients with residual fragments, stone-free patients had significantly lower Guy's grade (3.5 vs 2; p < 0.001) and S.T.O.N.E. score (9.1 vs 7.5; p = 0.023). Logistic regression analysis showed that both Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. systems were significantly associated with stone-free status, OR 0.96 (p < 0.001) and OR 0.94 (p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, both scoring systems were significantly associated with estimated blood loss (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004). There was good correlation between both scoring systems and operative time (r = 0.2, p < 0.002 and r = 0.3, p < 0.002) and length of hospital stay (r = 0.1, p = 0.002 and r = 0.2, p < 0.002). There were significant associations between both scoring systems and complications (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the areas under the curves for the Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems (0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) vs 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–1.001); p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both Guy's and S.T.O.N.E scoring systems have comparable accuracies in predicting post-PCNL stone-free status. Other factors not included in either scoring system may need to be incorporated in the future to increase their accuracy.


To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt both in Russia and China to analyze the most common tendencies and motivations that underlie mixed marriages between Russian and Chinese people. The paper focuses on the problems that arise in relation to mixed marriages in Primorskii krai, includes the official data (for the first time), and presents results from a public opinion poll.


Xinjiang Province in northwest China is one of the most important source regions of atmospheric dust in the world. Spatial‐temporal characteristics of dust events in the province were investigated by time series analysis of annual dust event frequency and meteorological data collected at 101 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2007. Blowing dust frequency (BDF) and dust storm frequency (DSF) decreased with time in North, South, and East Xinjiang whereas floating dust frequency (FDF) decreased with time only in South and East Xinjiang. Dust concentrations were lower in North than in South Xinjiang and decreased with time in East Xinjiang. Wind significantly influenced the temporal trend in FDF, BDF, and DSF in South Xinjiang and DSF in North Xinjiang. Frequency of dust events was smaller by an order of magnitude in North (10.9 d yr−1) than in South Xinjiang (111.3 d yr−1), possibly due in part to higher annual precipitation in North Xinjiang. Floating dust was most frequently observed in East and South Xinjiang, while blowing dust was most frequently observed in North Xinjiang. The high frequency of floating dust in East and South Xinjiang is likely due to the enclosed terrain that characterizes these regions. Land use and soil type also influenced dust events. Although climate influences frequency of dust events, the occurrence of these events may be reduced most effectively by imposing better land management practices in deciduous forests or orchards characterized by saline soils in respectively North and East Xinjiang and meadows characterized by Guanyu soils in South Xinjiang.


The results of a modelling and simulation study on the combined performance of a power system are presented. The combined system comprises an industrial, simple-type gas-turbine engine and a heat-pipe-based waste-heat recovery and utilisation system, and the engine itself comprises an axial-flow compressor, tubular combustion chambers and an axial-flow turbine. A water-in-steel type two-phase thermosyphon loop extracts waste energy from the stack of the gas turbine and delivers it to the generator of an aqua-ammonia absorption chiller, to produce chilled water which cools ambient air via a cooling tunnel; the cooled air is fed to the intake of the gas turbine compressor. Net power output of the overall system, when utilising the water-in-steel heat-recovery system, is improved by 12% even when the inlet air to the turbine is cooled to a modest 20 °C; this is true for both the base load and 75% part-load operation. Considerably higher boosting of output power is possible if the inlet air is cooled to lower temperatures. One of the most striking findings of the modelling and simulation study is that the water-in-steel heat-recovery system is capable of producing considerably more cold air than is required by the gas-turbine engine. It is further concluded that the thermal efficiency of the engine does not deteriorate with rising ambient temperatures, as is the case in a system without the heat-recovery and utilisation system.


The goal of the research is the specification of the effect of international mobility of labor resources on the social-economic development of a country, as well as the impact on the GDP volume. The main purpose set in the investigation is the study of international experience of the problem solution. Another goal of the research work is the international mobility of labor resources in conditions of national economy. The methods of analysis, grouping and analogy were used in the investigation. In the research work carried out by the author, the properties of international mobility of labor resources were commented, the factors and reasons of their occurrence specified as well. The analysis has been conducted and the system of effect mobility of labor resources on GDP growth in some countries and their impact on the state of labor market developed. Due to the research surveys, the reasons for development of international mobility of labor resources and direction of labor migration streams in Azerbaijan have been identified. The impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development has been evaluated. Positive and negative impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development of Azerbaijan, as well as setting measures on migrant admission as contributing country in case of negative effect have been specified in the innovation of research. Practical significance of the investigation lies in the regulation of international mobility of labor resources, introduction with experience of difference countries by the system of statistical figures and formation of their resources, grouping and using the data for problem solution in our country.


Recently, there is a growing number of developers have developed software with utilizing open API. This has resulted in much support for the introduction and delivery of open API not only at the corporate level but also at the government level to promote social development through cost reduction and development of new technologies. However, in introducing Open API, an organization must also consider its internal and external environment and individual dimensions, but no research has been conducted on these kinds of factor. This study seeks to discuss about the importance of factors through qualitative analysis and find out which of the various factors should be considered first by the organization to introduce open API in the organization.


Purpose of the present work is the systematic analysis of three monuments of the ancient city of Hierapolis in Phrygia (Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey), which are distinguished by the Doric order: the porticus of the lower terrace of the Apollo Sanctuary, the Marble Stoa and the facades of the Frontinus Street. The research is based on the analytic examination of the architectonical blocks and, in the first place, aims at gaining the ancient image of the buildings developing graphic reconstructions of their plans and fronts, but also wants to define the "life" of the monuments, their practical and ideological meaning in the urban context. Special attention is given to the study of the technical and morphological aspects, to understand the relationships of the local workshops with those of the other cities of the Meander valley. The analysis of the Doric buildings of Hierapolis goes together with the study of the architectural patterns developed during the Hellenistic age in Asia Minor, to achieve the correct view of the local context in the creation of new architectonical types. The chronological definition of the buildings, by means of the analysis of stylistic features, epigraphical and stratigraphical data, allows us to define with more details the urbanistic history of Hierapolis during the Ist century A.D.


Objective To study the relationship between state-trait anxiety and occupational stress and its influencing factors.Methods A cluster sample survey was conducted in 620 male traffic officers and white-collar workers whose length of service was longer than 3 years.They were investigated by the self-made questionnaire including general situation,behavior and life situation,and surveyed by state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI),occupational stress inventory revised edition(OSI-R) and type-A behavior scale.The risk factors of state-trait anxiety were analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression.Results Railway policemen,train crew and white-collar workers had high detection rate in state-trait anxiety.The detection rates of state and trait anxiety were 33.5% and 24.9%.Railway policemen had the highest detection rate,followed by the train crew and white-collar workers.After the non-occupational factors were adjusted,dose-response relationship could be observed between occupational stress and state-trait anxiety(OR=1.47,2.25).State anxiety was collected with occupational stress and type-A behavior(OR=1.56,1.03).Trait anxiety was collected by occupational stress,length of service,type-A behavior,exercise and life satisfaction consciously(OR=2.18,1.51,1.04,0.67,0.64).Conclusion Different types of career had different detection rates in state-trait anxiety.Occupational stress led to increase the detection rate in state-trait anxiety,especially trait anxiety.State-trait anxiety had different risk factors.


explanation as it could be. The section on biological explanations, for example, is more than twice as long as that on socialization; yet, the vast majority of women and politics scholarship begins with the assumption that the gender gap is a function of childhood socialization. She does not explain, for example, how "gender role socialization leads children to believe that women should be cooperative and nurturing" (26). For that, Caughell should examine more of the literature in social psychology, particularly social role theory. In Democrats/Republicans and the Politics of Women's Place, Kira Sanbonmatsu (2004) demonstrates there is significant ambivalence about women's roles in society. As such, Caughell should consider multiple measures of gender roles. The other four indicators are measured with an index of several items, but the socialization explanation relies on a single indicator. Caughell's book is a valuable update of contemporary gender gaps and tests of their roots. I would have liked to see more on differences in attitudes among women. At different parts of the book, Caughell notes that women are not a monolithic group and that there is great variety among women in their political attitudes. An analysis of gender gaps between married women and men and between married women and single women, or differences between black women and men and black women and white women or Latinas or Asian women would have been a valuable addition to our knowledge of gender gaps. J. Celeste Lay is Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University: firstname.lastname@example.com


The main reasons for electroplating troubles can be found by statistical analysis with classified analysis(method,)and thereby relevant measures can be determined to prevent and control electroplating troubles,thus improving the reliability and security of production.The ways of(collection,) classification,coding,statistical counting and(analysis) of electroplating troubles were introduced with(individual) cases.Electroplating troubles are greatly reduced by using the method in production.


The use of a stored-program digital computer as an element in a control system raises a number of problems which have not previously been encountered in the control field. This paper is concerned with the effectiveness of the computer program in performing its assigned task (of satisfying the precision and dynamic response requirements of the system) with a computer of minimum capability. The concept of information-handling efficiency is utilized as a measure of program effectiveness and is related to the problem of minimizing the computer cycle times. A procedure is described in detail for developing an optimum program schedule for a multivariable control system.


Abstract : A numerical procedure is developed to predict the elastic response of variable cross-section cantilever beams when subjected to a transient air blast load. Computed natural frequencies and transient strains were in reasonable agreement with experimentally obtained values.


The role of radiotherapy in practice is mainly palliative. According to the Practice Guidelines for Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2009) developed by the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center, Korea, radiotherapy can be applied for 1) refractoriness to trans-catheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolization, 2) portal vein tumor thrombosis, and 3) palliative therapy to reduce the symptoms caused by hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiotherapy is one of the most rapidly developing fields of medical research. Recent advances in intensity-modulated radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy, and respiratory-gated radiotherapy technologies have enabled more accurate and precise radiation delivery for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proton therapy is also emerging as a candidate therapy for ablative measures for patients ineligible for other curative local therapies. Due to recent advances in radiotherapy technologies, radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma has been evolving into stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, which delivers an ablative dose of radiation in 1 to 4 sessions. Clinical series have confirmed that it is safe in Child-Pugh A patients and local control is sustained. The possibility for performing phase 3 randomized clinical trials involving the radiotherapy modality has increased with those advances. Not merely palliative, the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma will be expanded to potentially curative therapy in patients who are ineligible for other curative local therapies.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for controlling a zero margin enable of a sense amplifier for use in a semiconductor memory device is provided to perform a fuse cutting after confirming an optimum sense amplifier enable time for each chip in the semiconductor memory device beforehand. CONSTITUTION: A method for controlling a zero margin enable of a sense amplifier for use in a semiconductor memory device provided with a test part for determining a zero margin enable time of the sense amplifier through a test utilizing a variable length code and a fuse array includes steps of: performing(130) a test with varying the enable time until the enable of the sense amplifier becomes the zero margin and cutting(170) a corresponding fuse to become a code value which is used when the enable of the sense amplifier becomes the zero margin at the test step.


The leguminous tree tagasaste is highly productive in the Ethiopian highlands. However, its nutritional value, as affected by the different agronomic practices is not fully understood under the tropical highland conditions. This study investigated the quality profile of tagasaste forage harvested at different re-growth stages by measuring the chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production. Tagasaste re-growths after one year of establishment was harvested and the re-growths starting from the main rainy season (July) was harvested at 4, 6, 8 and 10 months. The harvested forages were fractionated into leaves and edible branches. Chemical composition, in situ degradability using rumen fistulated steers and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid from rumen fistulated dry cows were evaluated. The average crude protein (CP) content of tagasaste in the leaves ranged between 189 and 242 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) was not significantly affected by harvesting stage regrowth.
The neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and ether extract contents of tagasaste increased with length of re-growth. The amino acid profile of tagasaste protein showed high contents of the essential amino acids leucine and lysine but lower contents of methionine and histidine. Tagasaste grown under Ethiopian highland conditions was found deficient in phosphorus, sulphur, and sodium, but had adequate
amounts of calcium, potassium, zinc and iron. The average in situ potential and effective degradability of leaves were 795 and 518 g kg-1 DM respectively and was lowest at the 10 months harvesting stage. The in vitro gas production declined with length of re-growth. Gas production was higher for leaves followed by branches with mean value of 43.7 and 39.1 ml 200-1 mg DM at 24 h respectively. The high CP content, degradability and in vitro gas production of tagasaste forage reveals its high potential to be used as a protein supplement for ruminants. The studied quality parameters should be further verified using animal performance.


We present additional implementation details and additional analysis of our proposed method, Neighborhood Collective Estimation (NCE), in this supple-mentary material.


The field of reverse engineering, originally tied to the analysis and restructuring of legacy systems, proved to be equally effective in supporting the evolution of modern software systems (e.g., OO code, Web applications, etc.). Correspondingly, a high number of techniques and tools have been developed to address the program comprehension needs of the programmers facing maintenance tasks on any kind of software. So far, the validation of the proposed approaches consisted mainly of proofs of concepts and limited case studies. The aim of this workshop was to assess the role of the empirical studies in the future developments of reverse engineering. Knowledge on the actual effectiveness of the available techniques and tools can be gained only through controlled experimentation. In this workshop, the scope of investigation of such studies was considered, and a (provisional) reference taxonomy of tools and techniques was discussed. Then, the main features of the empirical studies specifically designed to validate reverse engineering tools or techniques have been thoroughly examined


The development of earth‐abundant and efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is necessary for green hydrogen production. The preparation of efficient OER electrocatalysts requires both the adsorption sites and charge transfer on the catalyst surface to be suitably engineered. Herein, the design of an electrocatalyst is reported with significantly enhanced water oxidation performance via dual‐phase engineering, which displays a high number of adsorption sites and facile charge transfer. More importantly, a simple chemical etching process enables the formation of a highly metallic transition boride phase in conjunction with the transition metal hydroxide phase with abundant adsorption sites available for the intermediates formed in the OER. In addition, computational simulations are carried out to demonstrate the water oxidation mechanism and the real active sites in this engineered material. This research provides a new material design strategy for the preparation of high‐performance OER electrocatalysts.


We report the first case of temozolamide associated ITP and successful treatment with Rituximab. A 59 year-old male with grade III anaplastic astrocytoma is treated with resection followed by adjuvant temozolamide and gamma knife radiation therapy (XRT). He had been taking ramipril for hypertension, and atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia for greater than 1 year. He began taking phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis at the time of his original diagnosis in December of 2004. His CBC is normal at baseline. He recieves XRT from 2/1/05 until 2/15/05 with a normal platelet count of 142 on 4/21/05. He restarts temozolamide from 4/22 to 4/26 and presents with petechiae and platelet count 0. He receives platelet transfusion but platelet count remians at 3. A bone marrow biopsy confirms adequate megakaryoctes. He develops subcutaneous hemorrhage in the neck and is hospitalized for airway precautions. Prednisone at 2mg/kg and IVIG are given with no response. Rituximab is given weekly x 4 weeks at 375 mg/m2 with response by day 22 to platelet count of 123. The response is durable. See table 1.


The first catalytic application of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-TsCl) for the efficient and selective trimethylsilylation of various types of hydroxyl groups with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in dichloromethane and desilylation of these compounds in water is reported. The reactions were carried out at room temperature and were found to proceed in good to excellent yields.


A suitable "process window" was identified for the combination of an asymmetric organocatalytic aldol reaction and subsequent biocatalytic reduction in aqueous medium, which thus enabled the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 1,3-diols in a tandem-type, one-pot process. A key feature of this one-pot synthesis is the high 500 mM loading of the aldehyde substrate used as a starting material.


Rail is the main noise source of the wheel-rail noise. The rail noise has some characteristics, such as wide radiation range and large span in frequency domain. With the speed of train increasing and track structure changing, the wheel-rail system dynamic interaction will be exacerbated that lead to the rail vibration and noise get more seriously. In previous researches of rail noise, focused on the characteristics of low and middle frequency span, while rarely on the high-frequency. Therefore, the sound radiation prediction model is established in high frequency range by statistical energy method. The noise effect of stiffness of elastic pads is analyzed in further.


One purpose of Program Synthesis is to mechanize the task of programming from the user intent (expressed in various forms like pre/post conditions, examples, sketches, etc). There are many approaches to program synthesis that are usually implemented in isolation: deductive, syntax-based, inductive, etc. In this manuscript, we describe PSMF, a program synthesizer that combines model finder and genetic algorithm. The PSMF proposed takes as user intent examples, and a soft sketch: a new kind of user intent defined as a set of commands that must appear in the synthesized program (and that are in no particular order of execution) and syntactical ingredients (that is the amount of the syntactical constructs whose will have appear in the synthesized program). The output of PSMF is a general purpose imperative program. The combination of inductive synthesis and genetic algorithm has allowed PSMF to synthesize programs with (and with no) arrays, reaching the amount of 16 programs (Max2, Max3, Max4, GCD, IntSqrt, Maj5, Maj8, Modu, Fact, Fib, aMax; aDouble; aSum, eCount, aBubSort e aSelSort) found in the program synthesis communities (such as SyGuS competition, Genetic Programming). We carried out an empirical evaluation of the new PSMF implementation's effectiveness and the synthesis mean time of these 16 programs have varied from 5.0 seconds (Max2) to 15.9 minutes (Fib).


the soul but there was no idea of resurrection of the dead. On page 112 Mr. Bickerman says "with the end of the Hasmoneans the messianic period of Jewish history begins." It is quite true that there is a return to the idea of a Davidic Messiah which is mentioned in Psalms of Solomon, but during the Maccabean period there were messianic hopes in the Maccabees as a priest-Messiah so the messianic period of Jewish history does not begin with the termination of the reign of the Hasmoneans. Mr. Bickerman is a leading authority on the history of the Jews in ancient times. From 1930 to 1933 he held an assistant professorship at the University of Berlin and subsequently was a professor at the Ecloe des Hautes Etudes Historiques in Paris. He is now in New York City. Taylor C. Smith


The article below focuses primarily on setting out the generic techniques and styles of design and painting found in the M.S.A. 1 illuminations in the 1344 General Chronicle of Spain in the Lisbon Academy of Science collection and does not only define them but also interrelates them with the existence of three distinct participants in the ornamental working process. Prior to this, we shall briefly detail the context behind the creation of this fabulous Portuguese medieval chronistic text in order to duly clarify its origins and the conditions propitious to the great decorative labours required. We end this particular study on the great representation of the church in an eminently secular manuscript such as the M.S.A. 1 (with its discursive and decorative intents) and thereby attempting to ascertain the similarities and the differences between the reproduction and the prevailing 15 th century realities, the period to which this illuminated manuscript belongs.


This research analyses medical tourists' perceptions of Thailand's medical tourism service quality. A content analysis of international patients' online testimonials from the Tourism Authority of Thailand's official medical tourism website shows that medical tourists have distinct perceptions of Thailand's medical tourism service quality, with the SERVQUAL dimensions assurance and reliability being mentioned most frequently. Service quality perceptions varied depending on patients' home country region, type of medical treatment received, if healthcare provider personnel were referred to in the testimonials, and whether Thailand was recommended as a medical tourism destination. Marketing communication implications of the results are discussed, including using assurance and reliability as risk-reducing cues, and future research ideas are submitted.


The discovery that her husband is gay creates unparalleled trauma for a straight wife, fraught with unintended consequences for both mates. Ample literature and resources are available for married gay persons who come out, but straight spouses are often overlooked. This article seeks to fill this information gap. Misunderstood and marginalized, straight wives become collateral damage. Grieved, disoriented, confused, fearful, and often enraged, their trust and security are shattered. Their self-esteem is damaged and they feel shamed and isolated. Kaye, whose husband of 39 years came out, wrote: "I am 63 years old and feel like an infant, trying to rebuild a personality and a life from scratch." Based on direct interviews and correspondence with hundreds of female straight spouses over a 15-year period, this study addresses their unique issues. Beginning with the question of why gay men marry in the first place, this article explores the typical progression of their straight wives from disclosure through resolution. It summarizes common elements of their experience, including immediate personal challenges, recurring risks, and long-term obstacles. Firsthand accounts reveal the anguish of the ordeal and the triumph when reintegration and resolution are achieved. Direct quotes offer an authentic glimpse into their experience, with names changed to protect privacy. Hundreds of books have been written to help closeted gay people come out, but straight spouses who are left behind typically suffer in isolation and secrecy, lacking meaningful help. This article provides background to aid understanding of their challenge.


In order to reduce the interference between ultra-wideband communication systems and other communication systems,the DS-UWB(Direct Sequence-Ultra WideBand) communication systems using different chaotic spread sequence are proposed,the PSD(Power Spectral Density) of DS-UWB is carried out,the charts for PSD of PAM-DS-UWB(Pulse Amplitude Modulation-Direct Sequence-Ultra WideBand) using different spread sequences are established by Matlab,the effect of PSD mask using different chaotic spread sequence is analyzed.Comparing with the conventional Gold sequence,the simulation results show that the power of PAM-DS-UWB using different chaotic spread sequence is broader in the spectrum;the peak value in PSD of PAM-DS-UWB using Logistic sequence,Chebyshev sequence is approximately the half and two-thirds of the peak value in PSD of PAM-DS-UWB using the Gold sequence.


N-Bromo-N-phenylhydrazono-1-phenylaminobutan-1, 3-diones have been studied over a wide pH range at dropping mercury and glas~y carbon electrodes. These compound~ give one four-electron wave corresponding to the reduction of hydrazono group and one two electron wave corresponding to the cleavage ofC-NH2 bond. On the basis of polarography, linear and cyclic sweep vo1tammetry, cou lometry, ir, mass and nmr spectral studie~ and product identification, a mechanism has been postulated for the reduction process.


The ten-year experiment on the soil physical properties of biochar-amended Podzol was studied. Biochar was applied to the soil in the following rates: treatment BC10—10 Mg × ha−1, treatment BC20—20 Mg × ha−1, treatment BC30—30 Mg × ha−1 and treatment BC0—Control (soil without the addition of biochar). Biochar was mixed the soil arable layer (0–20 cm). Soil samples were collected ten times, once a year—after harvest rye. They were taken from layers: 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, in six replicates, using 100 cm3 metal cylinders. The soil physical properties were determined: particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, air capacity and permeability (at −15.5 kPa), water content at sampling, field water capacity (at −15.5 kPa), available and unavailable water content, and the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was calculated. It was found that biochar application causes changes in the soil physical condition. The soil density decreased, while the porosity, aeration and water retention increased; the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was favorable. These changes cannot be considered as permanent. Most of the analyzed properties showed a durability of no more than 3–4 years. We found that biochar incorporation into soil is a good method for environmental management of waste biomass.


The frequency shifts of the (F = 2, m = 0)--(F = 3, m = 0) transition in the 5 /sup 2/S/sub 1//sub ///sub 2/ state have been calculated for the /sup 85/Rb isotope on perturbation of the unpolarized light of the D1 line (lambda = 794.7 nm) of a spectral lamp as functions of the temperature of the absorbing vapor, the pressure of the buffer gas, and the length of the cell. The change in intensity and spectral distribution in the emitted light as it passes through the cell, containing rubibium vapor, has been taken into account. Experimentally measured contour lines of standard spectral lamps were used in the calculations.


In this study, the authors evaluated the potential preventive effect of narrow-leaved cattail rhizomes flour in the TNBS model of rat colitis, and the possible synergistic effect when administered concurrently with the glucocortidoid prednisolone. The experiments seem to be well conducted, and the results obtained are of relevance, but some modifications are needed in order to improve the quality of the manuscript, thus making it easier to read.


A large but finite one-dimensional neutral system containing two types of locally (and weakly) interacting ``charged'' bosons is examined for its thermodynamic behavior at finite temperatures. It is found that the system can have a length ${\mathit{L}}_{0}$ at which it will achieve thermodynamic stability provided the temperature is below a finite temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{d}}$. If the temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{d}}$ is exceeded, the system disassociates in the sense that it no longer has a stable size. ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{d}}$ is a function of the interaction strengths between the bosons as well as the number of bosons N present in the system. Although the system has an a priori dependence on a set of five parameters, when N and L are large scaling is present. Interestingly, if one of the interaction parameters is zero, making the interactions ``Coulomb-like,'' the system will collapse if periodic boundary conditions are used. The introduction of Dirichlet boundary conditions does not prevent this collapse for large N and L but will do so otherwise. Moreover, without the collapse, the effect of N on the stability length is strikingly different from the nonzero parameter case, where periodic boundary conditions are used. This effect has been noted before in the ground-state energy, but now it is shown that the effect persists for finite temperatures.


A data processing device (100, 200) determines heart rate information regarding a subject of interest (605) from time- dependent sensor data (110) that includes physiological sensor data (114) comprising a heart beat component and at least one motion artifact component, and that further includes motion sensor data (116). A reconstruction unit receives artifact-removed physiological sensor data (130) and decomposes it into a plurality of artifact- removed physiological sensor data components (145) with associated component amplitudes, and provides reconstructed heart beat component data (150) as a combination of a component subset of at least two of the artifact-removed physiological sensor data components (145) of highest component amplitudes. A beat analysis unit receives the reconstructed heart beat component data (150) and determines an interbeat interval from the heart beat component data (150) as the heart rate information, and provides a heart rate information signal (170) basedon the determined heart rate information.


In this research a developed TPM (Ladder) model is presented, this model activates both Safety Health environment (SHE) and Training pillars through the rest six pillars. The developed model is directed to Small Medium Size Enterprises (SME)s as these enterprises suffer from poor management and lack of training. Throughout this model the other six remaining TPM pillar are embraced between training and SHE pillars and overlapped [Planned Maintenance (PM), Autonomous Maintenance (AM), 5S, Quality Maintenance (QM), Office TPM, and KAIZEN]. This overlapping is where some conjugated activities for these six pillars are shared, merged, and counter parted. Therefore, all TPM pillars are integrated horizontally, vertically, and in-between reducing cost, time, and human resources towards lean goal.


The type of products may affect the quality of oil during deep-fat frying. The quality changes in pure soybean oil during frying of potato chips and chicken drumsticks were evaluated and compared. The oil was subjected to continuous frying at 180°C for a period of 315 min. The parameters used to assess the oil quality were peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), free fatty acids (FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour. The percentage of oil absorbed by the two products was determined. The oil was also assessed visually for any change in colour, viscosity, turbidity, flavour and deposit. Results showed that, for both products, PV, IV, FFA, RI and colour changed significantly with time (P < 0.05). Potato absorbed oil during frying (6.9%), whereas chicken released fat into the frying medium (2.4%). When the rates of change of the various parameters in the oils were compared for the two products, significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted for PV and colour only. The oil used during the frying of chicken appeared visually to be at a more advanced stage of deterioration.


Present study demonstrates the head loss and the flow characteristics as the open microchannel makes turns. The microchannels are of various aspect ratios of depth/width ranging from 0.5 to 2, and makes turns with different angles ranging from 60 to 120 degrees. The investigations are performed both by experiments and numerical simulations based on first principle equations. For the open channel system, the flow is mainly driven by surface tension under same pressure atmosphere. For liquid flow in open microchannel without turn, the liquid front velocity decreases but the interface area of liquid-gas increase as flow moves downstream. For turning flows, liquid front velocity is decreased firstly and then increased sharply at the turning point. Furthermore, the liquid front velocity can be increased for higher aspect ratio of channel height and width, and the effect of aspect ratio is significant up to aspect ratio between 1.0–1.5. Detailed flow characteristics as well as the head loss coefficient due to microchannel turning are discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


A LASKA has been characterized as a "last frontier," and as is characteristic of a frontier, is still in a stage of extractive and exploitive economy. There is no way of accurately determining the total contribution that Alaska has made to the world's wealth. For 126 years Russia drained its fur resources. Since 1867 and United States control, minerals and fish have been the most profitable sources of wealth, and the fur trade which invited the swarming of the "promyschleniki" from Siberia, and maintained Russia's interest in her North American empire for a century and a quarter, has declined to insignificant proportions. Yet should you ask the man on the street to list the two main export products from Alaska, the chances are he will reply "gold and furs." Even along the Pacific Coast where the products of Alaska enter continental United States, very few realize that the gold and fur days have long since passed, and that canned salmon and other products of the sea, have for years constituted 65 per cent or better of the wealth coming from our northland territory (Figure 1).


Naturally occurring 2,7-dioxygenated carbazole alkaloids, 7-methoxy-O-methylmukonal, clausine-O, clausine-K (clauszoline-J), clausine-H (clauszoline-C), 7-methoxymukonal and methyl 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-carbazole-3-carboxylate, have been synthesized via an efficient Au-catalyzed cyclization reaction using readily available 1-benzyl-6-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde and 1-methoxypropa-1,2-diene as the starting materials on the gram scale. Among them, 7-methoxymukonal and methyl 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-carbazole-3-carboxylate were prepared for the first time. In addition, the structure of methyl 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-carbazole-3-carboxylate we prepared was further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction study via its ethylation reaction, which indicated that clausine-TY reported by Taufiq-Yap et al. in 2007 should be reassigned.


The quality of mobile apps is becoming an increasingly important issue. These apps are generally delivered through app stores that allow users to post reviews about apps. These user-reviews provide a rich data source that can be leveraged to understand user reported issues. In this study, we qualitatively study 6,390 low star-rating user-reviews for 20 free iOS apps. Our study uncovers 12 types of complaints that users complain about. We find that functional errors, feature requests and app crashes are the most frequent complaints. Privacy and ethical issues, and hidden app costs are the complaints with the most negative impact on app ratings. We also find that users attributed their complaint to updating the app in 11% of the reviews. Our study provides developers an insight into the user-raised issues of iOS apps, along with their frequency and impact, which can help developers better prioritize their limited Quality Assurance resources.


Transparent organic light emitting diodes were developed by using a thermally evaporable WO3∕Ag∕WO3 (WAW) as a transparent cathode. A thin Ag layer was introduced as an interlayer between the Li doped electron transport layer and the WAW electrode. A high transparency over 80% was obtained and electron injection was greatly improved by using the thin Ag interlayer between the Li doped layer and the WAW electrode. The driving voltage at 1000cd∕m2 was only 4.5V and the sheet resistance of the WAW electrode was as low as 12Ω∕◻.


Purpose: Changes in structural support of the urethra and bladder neck have been proposed to be important factors in the pathogenesis of urinary stress incontinence. In this context, we investigated the elastic fibers of the periurethral area in incontinent women with normotonic and hypotonic urethra under an electron microscope. The exact localization and morphological structure of these fibers, their relationship to other connective tissue components as well as their possible role in the development of stress urinary incontinence were characterized. Material and Methods: We studied the periurethral connective tissue using electron microscopy. Small specimens of periurethral connective tissue were obtained by dissection during a TVT procedure in 34 urinary stress incontinent postmenopausal women with a normotonic urethra and 9 urinary stress incontinent postmenopausal women with a hypotonic urethra. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate/lead citrate and tannic acid and were examined in a transmission electron microscope. Results: The constituent parts of the system of elastic fibers were found within the periurethral connective tissue of all stress-incontinent women in the study. In the samples taken from stress incontinent women with a normotonic urethra, these intact elastic fibers were closely connected with collagen fibers, smooth muscle cells and fibrocytes. In contrast, in the samples taken from stress incontinent women with a hypotonic urethra we detected irregular fragmented distribution of the elastin within the tissue. Conclusion: We assume that these structural changes lead to functional consequences, like diminished tissue extensibility and loss of stability surrounding the female urethra. These altered connective tissue properties may affect the mechanism of urethral closure under stress (e.g. coughing) and therefore contribute to the occurence of SUI with a hypotonic urethra.


The theory of the free behavior by reason is a very controversial problem in the western legal field. It reinforces and develops the traditional criminal theory and principles We should base on the theory, learn other countries's legislation and make our criminal code more perfect.


Let D denote the unit disk, let K denote the unit circle, and let f be a complex-valued function in D. If G is a subset of D, the cluster set CG(f, ei0) is defined as the set of all values w (including possibly w = co) for which there exists a sequence { Zn } in G such that zn-ewi and f(zn)-+w. In the case where G =D, CD(f, ei6) is usually denoted simply by C(f, eie). We will be particularly concerned with the cluster sets CA(a)(f, ei), where A(O) is a Stolz angle with vertex at ei6, and with the outer angular cluster set CA(f, ei), which is defined to be the union of all of the cluster sets CA(e)(f, e@). Clearly CA((of, eO)CCA(f, ei@), where the containment may, but need not be, proper. It is our purpose to show that this containment is actually an equality except on a subset of K of linear measure zero.


Measuring the development of an enterprise software project progress and performance is crucial to assure a project follow its path. This attention stems in parts from the frequent reports of high profile cases of mismanaged in IT projects particularly in enterprise level such as information technology strategic planning (ITSP) projects. Many project performance measurement models and frameworks have been proposed to address the problem, however, they are usually hard to manage and inefficient in practice due to the complexity, distribution and dynamism of these types of projects. A large and growing body of literature has shown the advantages of employing the agent technology in distributed, dynamic, and complex environments. Therefore, in this study the advantages of the agent technology will be applied to improve the progress and measurement process of the software project performance measurement approaches. In this paper, a multi-agent system architectural model with the focus in implementation phase of the ITSP projects is proposed to promote and facilitate the process of project performance measurement. Furthermore the prototype of the proposed solution is explained and the evaluation approach is discussed.


One of the greatest challenges in cosmology today is to determine the nature of dark energy, the sourse of the observed present acceleration of the Universe. Besides the vacuum energy, various dark energy models have been suggested. The Friedmann - Robertson - Walker (FRW) spacetime plays an important role in modern cosmology. In particular, the most popular models of dark energy work in the FRW spacetime. In this work, a new class of integrable FRW cosmological models is presented. These models induced by the well-known Painlev$\acute{e}$ equations. Some nonintegrable FRW models are also considered. These last models are constructed with the help of Pinney, Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger and hypergeometric equations. Scalar field description and two-dimensional generalizations of some cosmological models are presented. Finally some integrable and nonintegrable $F(R)$ and $F(G)$ gravity models are constructed.


We describe a methodology for upgrading existing attribute value learners towards rst order logic. This method has several advantages: one can proot from existing research on propositional learners (and inherit its eeciency and eeectiveness), relational learners (and inherit its expressive-ness) and PAC-learning (and inherit its theoretical basis). Moreover there is a clear relationship between the new relational system and its proposi-tional counterpart. This makes the ILP system easy to use and understand by users familiar with the propositional counterpart. We demonstrate the methodology on the ICL system which is an upgrade of the propositional learner CN2.


A support beam for a vehicle of the present invention includes a first supporting member, a second supporting member, and a mounting member. One end portion of the first supporting member is arched like a bow, and one end portion of the second supporting member is arched like a bow. The One end of the first supporting member is disposed on one end of the mounting member, the other end of the second supporting member is disposed on the other end of the mounting member, and a rear axle is mounted on the mounting member.


The contribution of cation-π interactions to the affinity of a synthetic aromatic host for acetylcholine in a molecular mechanics simulation was estimated using a thermodynamic cycle-free energy perturbation approach. Compared to a host in which aromatic dipole ring charges were set to zero, the affinity of the host for acetylcholine is greater by 1.8 kcal/mole when using a set of typical simulation parameters. The role of four ether oxygens in the host is probably negligible. Although acetylcholine binding may be driven in large part by hydrophobic effects, cation-π interactions most likely make a significant contribution to the selectivity of this host for quaternary ammonium cations.


The Doppler effect is one of the recurring themes in college and high school classes. In order to contextualize the topic and engage the students in their own learning process, we propose a simple and easily accessible activity, i.e. the analysis of the videos available on the internet by the students. The sound of the engine of the vehicle passing by the camera is recorded on the video; it is then analyzed with the free software Audacity by measuring the frequency of the sound during approach and recede of the vehicle from the observer. The speed of the vehicle is determined due to the application of Doppler effect equations for acoustic waves.


Three coniferins, specifically 13 C-enriched at side chain α, β and γ carbons, and natural abundance (unenriched) coniferin were administered to internode cavities of lignifying culms of dwarf wheat. Difference 13 C CP/MAS spectra were obtained between the spectra of the coniferin-fed and the unfed wheat straws, or between the spectra of straws fed with enriched coniferin and unenriched coniferin. The difference spectra indicated that, although the feeding of coniferin increased the lignin content slightly, the normal signification process was not affected seriously by feeding of the precursor. The lignin derived from the coniferin in the wheat stalk was specifically 13 C-enriched at the positions corresponding to the fed precursors. It is estimated that of the total lignin associated with the bottom and top sections of the wheat straws, respectively, 15.4 + 2.0 and 9.5 + 2.5% of the lignin originated from the labelled coniferin. The percentages of the major dimeric substructures of enriched lignin in the top and bottom of internodes, respectively, are: β-O-4 including β-O- 4/ α-O-R (R = carbohydrates and lignols), 74 + 1.5 and 65 + 1.5% ; combined β-5, β-β and β-1 structures, 18 + 1.5 and 28 + 1.5% ; and combined coniferyl alcohol and aldehyde end groups, 8 + 1.5 and 6 + 1.5%.


In order to obtain accurate trajectory measurement data and verify the simulation model,a two-dimension simulation model of 5 000 V ERM prototype was established.Then the piezoelectric acceleration transducer,a magnetic grating displacement transducer and linear displacement sensor were used to measure motion trajectories of the ERM prototype.Based on the comparative analysis of the results of simulation and measurement,the simulation model was proved to be accurate,and the linear and magnetic grating displacement transducers were proved to be reliable too.Finally,through the observation of ERM motion by means of high speed video,it was found that a little upwarp of measurement data is mainly caused by a lack of precision in machining and assembly.


Cytogenetic analyses of 11,950 lymphocyte metaphases from 122 cultures from 10 control men and 17,759 lymphocyte metaphases from 183 cultures from 21 control women have shown: (1) variations in breakage frequencies in consecutive cultures from the same person, (2) variations in average breakages among cultures from different people, (3) greater variability in breakages in cultures from women than in cultures from men, and (4) differences in average breakage frequencies in cultures obtained at different times of the year.


In this paper we discuss whether thermodynamical concepts and in particular the notion of temperature could be relevant for the dynamics of granular systems. We briefly review how a temperature-like quantity can be defined and measured in granular media in very different regimes, namely the glassy-like, the liquid-like and the granular gas. The common denominator will be given by the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, whose validity is explored by means of both numerical and experimental techniques. It turns out that, although a definition of a temperature is possible in all cases, its interpretation is far from being obvious. We discuss the possible perspectives both from the theoretical and, more importantly, from the experimental point of view.


Two microbound diets (MBD) containing marine fish roe were assessed as a replacement for rotifers for first feeding sea bass (Lates calcarifer) larvae. Although larvae readily ingested the MBD, total mortality had occurred by eight days post hatch; five days from the start of feeding. The results indicate that larvae were unable to digest ingested food particles.


We have surveyed 12 Galactic hot molecular cores for interstellar acetic acid (CH3COOH). This is the most extensive search for acetic acid to date. We have detected a new source of acetic acid toward the high-mass hot molecular core source G34.3+0.2. Using a temperature range between 70 and 185 K, we find a CH3COOH column density range of (0.77-1.64) × 1015 cm-2 toward G34.3+0.2. This gives a relative CH3COOH/HCOOCH3 abundance ratio of ~3.3 × 10-2, which is comparable to the abundance ratio of (3-6) × 10-2 found toward Sgr B2(N-LMH) and W51e2 by Remijan and colleagues. All currently known acetic acid sources are within 7 kpc of the Galactic center. Furthermore, our survey suggests that hot molecular cores that have a mass range between 200 and 2000 M☉ and do not show a distinct differentiation between O and N chemistry may be the best places to search for acetic acid and the structurally similar biologically important molecule glycine.


There is an intense need to conceive residential houses for diff erent kinds of reconstruction; and for the revitalisation of devastated parts of cities, the so-called brown fi elds. An integration with civic services saves on public transport and the environment; construction plots; investment funds; the workforce; expensive equipment and maintenance. It also provides new possibilities of architectural composition, and an increased attractiveness of poly-functional facilities. It goes without saying that the removal of architectural barriers is necessary for the improved quality of life of the handicapped, mothers with prams, children, and the elderly.


Topological indices are numerical parameters of a molecular graph G which characterize its topology. There exits many structure in graph theory, with applied in chemical and nano science and vice versa and computing the connectivity indices of molecular graphs is an important branch in chemical graph theory. In this paper, we compute First Zagreb index Zg 1 (G)=  Second Zagreb index Zg 2 (G)=  and their polynomials Zg 1 (G,x)= and Zg 2 (G,x)=  of a family of hydrocarbon structures " Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) ".


Dr . T. L. Hazz ard of Pittsburg, at the Los Angeles meeting of the American Proctologic Society, reported the following cases: 1. Girl, two years old, nearly the whole of match fixed in rectum. 2. Boy, slightly older, bone of frog's leg similarly placed. 3. Adult male, 3-ounce Baltimore oval bottle, introduced from below; no questions asked as the patient would have lied. 4. Male aged 45; thin tumbler 2 inches in diameter at top, 3J^ high. (In regard to the first two cases, we may call attention to the fact, realized by few of the laity or even of the profession who have not used stool sieves considerably, that a large amount of foreign material is habitually ingested. We have obtained several chicken ribs from the passages of a supposed nursling; have seen large splinters of wood stuck in the rectum of persons who considered themselves careful eaters and who denied the possibility of introduction from below; while the frequency of finding large seeds, bone fragments, large masses of vegetable fibre and skin, labels, etc., renders it difficult to draw the line between indigestible edible residue and foreign bodies. Years ago, in the museum of Harvard, we wonderd at the carelessness of the attendants in leaving a label without a specimen, and at the parsimony of so rich an institution in using a large catsup bottle as a container, until it gradually dawned upon us that the bottle itself was the specimen.—Editor)


Dunford et al (2013) provide a comprehensive review of participation measures for children with acquired brain injury. The cross-sectional study by Källdalen et al (2013) demonstrates significant relationships between participation in active recreation amongst older adults living in community housing and higher levels of cognition and health-related quality of life and less depression. There is a need for longitudinal causal research to verify these findings. While knowledge about factors influencing participation is important, our field needs more research examining occupational therapy interventions to enable participation. This process is beginning. Dalton and Hoyt-Hallett (2013) illustrate, using two elegant case studies, how a multidisciplinary approach by the occupational therapist and the speech-language pathologist, to provide assistive technology for two pre-teen girls with physical disabilities, leads to increased participation and performance. Our challenge, as a profession, is to increase intervention research focused on enabling participation. I hope that you enjoy reading this special issue. My sincere thanks to BJOT for asking me to be involved and to all the authors and reviewers who made the issue possible.


Coal resources guarantee the global economic development, yet they have also led to an ecological crisis. Theories and practice about the ecological restoration of coal gangue brownfields have become a hot topic jointly studied in various countries. By analyzing the formation and hazards of coal gangue brownfields and summarizing currently available ecological restoration methods of coal gangue brownfields, this study takes practical ecological restoration projects as the research objects to propose three strategies to regenerate coal gangue brownfields, namely construction of natural geographical patterns, vegetation restoration and habitat creation, and post-performance assessment of coal gangue brownfields. In addition, it is emphasized that successful brownfield ecological restoration projects cannot do without concerted action and extensive cooperation carried out among government departments, industrial and mining enterprises, non-governmental organizations, and the academic world.


Emerging adults (18‐30 years) with type 1 diabetes must manage a demanding chronic illness as well as navigate a life phase full of instability and transitions. Clinical care for this age group remains a challenge. An improved understanding of psychological facilitators of diabetes management may contribute to optimized clinical care to this age group.


We present recent experiments on production of entangled states using linear optical elements and post-selection. Using quantum information techniques including state and process tomography, we characterize strategies for producing Bell states and multi-photon entangled states


The expectation of policymakers and stakeholders is that the oil and gas industry will continually improve its operational performance by reducing fugitive emissions of methane along the value chain.
 IPIECA has undertaken numerous wide-ranging activities on methane such as: holding workshops; publishing a factsheet on Exploring methane emissions; and developing a Methane glossary to help educate industry and stakeholders in a common terminology. There is a huge number of initiatives and studies underway in this topic area and it is difficult for any organization to keep track. Using commercial software, IPIECA has collected information from hundreds of methane studies and initiatives and built an interactive map that displays this information in an easily understood form and allows the user to undertake a gap analysis against a range of parameters.
 The methane mapping tool provides an analysis of the numerous methane initiatives, planned, underway or completed. In scope are workshops, published articles, assessments, data or any activity related to detection, measurement and reduction of methane that is publicly available or provided by relevant parties. We included initiatives from: academic institutions with specific methane projects; industry bodies; government research support programmes; international institutions; and NGOs. Information was collected and sorted by data and performance, methane science, and technical application and good practice and an analysis of gaps was conducted for each of the themes explored.
 This paper provides a novel approach through an interactive software map capturing a wide range of technical information from numerous academic, industry and other sources covering methane studies and initiatives, technology use and development, data analysis and verification, geography. It allows for a new type of interrogation by the user to produce a dedicated gap analysis for further focussed work, or to categorise and signpost to existing studies.


This is a revised version of a talk delivered at the ALA 2019 Annual Conference on June 22, 2019, in the discussion group "Hate Speech and Libraries," sponsored by the Social Responsibilities Round Table (SRRT) of ALA. Tom Twiss is co-chair of the International Responsibilities Task Force of SRRT and a member of the SRRT Action Council. Views expressed in this commentary reflect the general position articulated by SRRT Action Council in its August 2018 "Statement on Hate Speech and Libraries." However, neither this commentary nor the talk on which it was based was endorsed by SRRT or its Action Council.


This study evaluates the prediction accuracy as well as model suitability of three performance models for parallel variabe-speed pumps using test datasets under various conditions. First, theoretical models of parallel pumping set were built for subsequent calculations. Then, the ordinary least squares (OLS) method was used to acquire the best regression coefficients of each model. After that, the operation datasets of the pump were tested by field measurement under varied conditions, which were compared with the calculated values of different models, and the relative errors were analyzed to seek the model with better accuracy and suitability. The results of this study would provide reference for selecting performance models for the energy-saving optimization of parallel pump systems and strategic development of optimal operating control.


Random numbers are widely used in many fields. However, most existing random number generators cannot directly generate ideal random bits without post-processing. With the development of generation techniques, the generation rate of raw random data has reached Gbps magnitude and the speed of existing post-processing cannot satisfy the growth of demand. To solve this issue, we propose a concurrent pipeline algorithm based on Toeplitz matrix hashing and implement it in a resource limited field-programmable gate array (FPGA). By taking advantage of the concurrent computation features of FPGA instead of common computer serial computation, the post-processing speed is improved by three orders of magnitudes to above 3.36 Gbps, which is suited for Gbps real time post-processing of raw random numbers. After post-processing, the final extracted random bits can well pass the standard randomness tests. To implement the scheme, a printed circuit board (PCB) is designed for raw data acquisition, real time post-processing and final extracted random data transmission. On the PCB, the random signal is sampled and digitalized as raw random data and then the data are fed into a FPGA for real time post-processing. At the same time, three different transmission interfaces including a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) fiber transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 port and a Gigabit Ethernet port are designed for different scenarios. An optional DDR3 memory module is also provided for testing purpose.


This paper briefly introduces the high slope partial collapse processing and checking process of B14 contract section Jiangxi Wuji to Ji'an highway.


Eps8 is a multifunctional signal molecule involved in actin remodeling,receptor endocytosis and tumorigenesis.To find microRNAs(miRNAs) targeted EPS8 and investigate their regulation in cervical cancer,four miRNAs were predicted to regulate the expression of Eps8.The dual luciferase reporter system and Western blotting showed that miR-124 and miR-520b could bind to the 3'untranslated region(UTR) of human EPS8 mRNAs and efficiently inhibit the expression of Eps8.Furthermore,cell survival,MTT analysis and colony formation assays revealed that the overexpression of miR-124 and miR-520b suppressed growth and proliferation in HeLa cells.Moreover,miR-124 and miR-520b sensitized HeLa cells to the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drug,cisplatin.In addition,experiment results showed that miR-124 and miR-520b activated the transcriptional activities of reporter genes for tumor suppressor p53 and downstream gene p21,and accordingly upregulated their protein levels.These findings suggest that miR-124 and miR-520b downregulate the expression of Eps8 and inhibit proliferation in HeLa cells,and negatively regulate cellular growth in cervical cancer.


Abstract Young-of-the-year ciscoes (Coregonus artedii) acclimated to 2, 5, 10, 20, and 25 C and tested for tolerance to high and low temperatures provide the first detailed description of the thermal tolerance of coregonids in North America. The upper ultimate lethal temperature of the young ciscoes was 26 C (6 C higher than the maximum sustained temperature tolerated by adult ciscoes in nature) and the ultimate lower lethal temperature approached 0 C (near that commonly tolerated in nature by adult ciscoes). The temperature of 26 C is slightly higher than the lowest ultimate upper lethal temperature recorded for North American freshwater fishes; however, published information on the depth distributions of fishes in the Great Lakes suggests that some of the other coregonids may be less tolerant of high temperatures than the cisco.


Learning medical research is an integral part of the development of a holistic physician. Though, not all physicians become clinician-scientists, those who do become enjoy significant privileges over their clinician-only counterparts, mainly in terms of faster career progression and higher employability. Though, to produce more well-rounded clinician-scientists, academic physicians and medical scientists need to make themselves available and be willing to work with and mentor medical students. Besides, a curriculum reform is warranted where students should be encouraged to start learning and conducting research in their first year of medical school. To make the process even easier and help scale these ideas, students should be encouraged to replicate previous highly cited studies, as they can provide a walkthrough for students to follow, thereby necessitating lesser supervision while maintaining the clinical impact that can be made with their time and effort.


ABSTRACT What can epidemiological models tell us about our potential exposure to COVID-19? What progress is being made with regard to coronavirus vaccine development? These days, the general public is asking these questions and more as the COVID-19 pandemic rages on. That there is an extraordinary level of interest in coronavirus news should come as no surprise, but this elevated interest society now has in pandemic-related science has unintended consequences that shouldn't be ignored. Studies are being rushed to publication even in well-regarded journals. Unvetted articles on so-called preprint servers have received enormous attention. Predatory journals are giving anyone with the ability to pay the opportunity to publish pseudoscience that can be amplified by mainstream news sources. Marketers are exploiting the public's desperation for protection against COVID-19 and adding a scientific sheen to dubious products. And perhaps-well-meaning experts in data science are producing a raft of arguably meaningless research, creating a distraction at best and wasting valuable resources at worst.


Objective To study the MRI features of malignant meningioma.Meth od s The MRI findings of 23 cases with malignant meningioma were analyzed, and corr elated with operation and pathology. Results The tumor yielded iso-or hypo-int ensity on T1-weighted images, homogenous or non-homogenous hyper-intensity on T2-weighted images. Irregular enhancement was revealed as well. Malignant meni ngioma had irregular, mushroom pattern margin, dura matter involvement, severe c erebral edema and in some cases, extra-cranial involvement.Conclusion Diagnosti c findings of malignant meningioma could be found on MRI, while it is essential to differentiate a malignant meningioma from a benign one, or a malignant glioma and meningeal metastases.


A hybrid platform of colloidal quantum dots integrated into conjugated polymers is reported for excitonically driven light-emitting diodes having pure quantum dot emission in the electroluminescence spectrum with substantially enhanced efficiency.


The sterol composition of the brown algae Stilophora rhizodes (Turner) J. Agardh, Punctaria latifolia Grev. and Punctaria plantaginea (Roth.) Grev. from the Black Sea was investigated. Fifteen sterols were identified in the sterol fractions. The main ones were cho- lesterol and 24-methylenecholesterol. Characteristic for brown algae, fucosterol was present in low concentrations. The results obtained were compared with recent data for the sterol composition of other Black Sea brown algae. Some conclusions concerning the evolutionary position of brown algae are made.


BACKGROUND: Breast lesions in females are heterogenous diseases with several distinct entities with remarkably different characteristic features.The present study assessed histopathological findings of excision biopsies of breast lesions. AIM: To evaluate the frequency,age and histopathological features of breast lesions in our tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 148 samples received in 10% neutral buffered formalin into our Department.The histopathological diagnosis was made after routine processing and haematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Of the 148 specimens received, 138 specimens belonged to female patients (93%). The peak age of the occurrence of breast masses was in the 4 th decade. Both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were present in the specimens. Among non-neoplastic only mastitis cases were reported. Among benign, fibroadenomas were the most common (35.8%). Among malignant, invasive ductal carcinoma was most common (29%). CONCLUSION: Present study found that the most common benign lesion is a fibroadenoma, and the malignant lesion is invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified.Therefore proper screening programs and awareness should be conducted across women of all statuses.


Abstract  Digestive tract proteases are best known for their proteolytic activity in the digestion of alimentary proteins. However, during the last decade, a possible role of proteases as signalling molecules has been emphasized with the discovery of a novel class of G‐protein coupled receptors located on cell membranes that may be activated by proteolytic cleavage of their N‐terminal extracellular domain. Type 2 protease‐activated receptors (PAR‐2) are cleaved by serine‐proteases such as trypsin and tryptase. PAR‐2 is present in many intestinal cell types and particularly on epithelial cells. Multiple functions have been demonstrated in the gut for PAR‐2, including epithelial permeability, mainly the intercellular permeability that is of paramount importance in the equilibrium between the external milieu (digestive contents) and the submucosal immune system. Alterations of both tissue and luminal levels of proteases or serine‐protease activity may affect gut permeability and subsequently the immune status of the mucosa. Activation of PAR‐2 on epithelial cells may directly affect cytoskeleton contraction by triggering phosphorylation of myosin light chain with subsequent changes in tight junction permeability. Enhanced fecal protease level has been recently reported in both organic (ulcerative colitis) and functional (irritable bowel syndrome) intestinal disorders and may play a role in the pathogenesis of such diseases.


Various countries financial supervisions and institutions are continuously strengthening and perfecting the management of risk because the unprecedented fluctuation is appeared in the global financial market.The paper determined a general calculation method which can quantify the risk conveniently and fast according to concrete credit assets based on CreditMetrics model.The method is beneficial to risk identification,performance evaluation of commercial bank's credit assets,and financial innovation business risk supervision by setting credit ranks transfer matrix definitely,estimating forward value of loan under different credit grade,deriving long-term distribution of the change of loan's value,analyzing concretely and quantitatively the credit risk of single loan.


Background and Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy and the clinical utility of the Coaguchek ® XS, a portable point-of-care coagulometer, compared to standard laboratory methods in Korean patients. Subjects and Methods: We included 107 patients with atrial fibrillation on long-term oral warfarin therapy. The prothrombin time as expressed by the international normalized ratio (INR) was measured by the portable Coaguchek ® XS system as well as standard laboratory methods. Agreement between the two methods was defined as a difference of less than 0.3 between the INR values. Results: The INR determined by the portable Coaguchek ® XS had excellent correlation with the values obtained by standard methods (r=0.984, p 3.0). There was a 91.6% agreement between the two methods. Only nine cases (8.4%) had a difference of more than 0.3; this was mainly noted in the high INR group. Conclusion: The portable self-testing of the INR by the Coaguchek ® XS might be a reliable


The paper signaled a mistake in JECFA recommendations on molecular masses of polidimethylosiloxanes used as food additive and reviewed published data on intestinal absorption of siloxanes.


On 16 May 1974, it was announced that Loran-C was chosen as the navigation system to serve the U. S. Coastal Confluence Zone. At the present time, reliable CONUS Loran-C groundwave timing coverage extends westward only about as far as Boulder, CO. The groundwave hyperbolic and timing coverage which will result from the planned CONUS expansion are illustrated. Time frames are provided. A status report on the planned reduction in Loran-C PTTI tolerances is presented.


The Goldman–Albus treatment of the action-potential dynamics is combined with a phenomenological description of molecular hyperpolarizabilities into a closed-form model of the action-potential-sensitive second-harmonic response of myelinated nerve fibers with nodes of Ranvier. This response is shown to be sensitive to nerve demyelination, thus enabling an optical diagnosis of various demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The model is applied to examine the nonlinear-optical response of a three-neuron reverberating circuit—the basic element of short-term memory.


A 120-day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the difference between the minced trash fish and formulated diet fed to Trachinotus ovatus. The results showed that the growing speed, survival rate, feed cost and comprehensive culture benefit in the treatment fed with formulated diets were superior to the treatment fed with minced trash fish.


The manifestations of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic rats are resting bradycardia,hypotension,impaired HR reflex to drugs,reduced baroreflex.There are some differences of manifestations and mechanism between the diabetic rats and disbetic patients.So it is the necessary precondition to study the cardiovascular disease of experimental diabetes by recognizing the vascular pathophysiological feature of rat model with diabetes.


Based on analysis of the epidemic situation and the spread mechanism of echinococcosis,appropriate parameters were selected.The mathematical model of echinococcosis spreading between human beings and livestocks was established by using dynamics methods.The key factors in uencing on spread and control of the disease were analyzed.The basic reproductive number was obtained which decides the disease spread or not.If the basic reproductive number was smaller than 1,echinococcosis would be eradicated.If the basic reproductive number was bigger than 1,echinococcosis would become a kind of endemic diseases.The model was simulated numerically using collected and estimated parameters,and the sensitivity of the infection coeffi cient was analyzed.Two different control measures were compared,and the results indicated that the combination would be better for prevention and control of measures.The model constructed in this research demonstrated the key factors which could in uence on spread of echinococcosis,and might be helpful for further establishment of control strategy.


In this paper, we introduce a method to make personalized music freely selectable for each customer in a retail environment. Using a web interface, the customer can create an electronic shopping list, associate items with recommended music, and thus create his individual shopping play list. The provided instrumental music tracks are additionally categorized by their emotional expression to allow a selection based on the user's favorite mood. The product-associated music tracks start playing at the customer's instrumented shopping cart as soon as he enters specific product departments where items from his shopping list are located. We also introduce a service to provide product-awareness through non-speech audio cues. This location aware service notifies customers when they come closer to products that are listed on their shopping lists. We use a two stage notification approach by creating user-centric notification zones. Depending on the customer's distance to the product, he gets notified by an ambient or arousal noise that is mixed into the background music. In doing so, customers become aware of products in their surrounding area that are listed on their personal shopping list.


How the differentiated cell types that comprise the vertebrate CNS are generated during development is one of the central questions in developmental neurobiology. Considerable progress recently made in addressing this question has led to a rudimentary understanding of the molecular mechanisms that


T r a n s o n i c f l ow o v e r a h a r m o n i c a l l y o s c i l l a t i n g a i r f o i l is computed by s o l v i n g t h e two-dimens ional E u l e r e q u a t i o n s i n i n t e g r a l form u s i n g t h e f i n i t e volume scheme. The d i s s i p a t i o n t e rms a r e c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e o r y of t o t a l v a r i a t i o n d i m i n i s h i n g schemes i n o r d e r t o o b t a i n good r e s o l u t i o n of shock f r o n t s . N o n r e f l e c t i n g boundary cond i t i o n s have been u t i l i z e d i n t h e f a r f i e l d . It is s e e n t h a t t o t a l v a r i a t i o n d i m i n i s h i n g schemes a r e w e l l s u i t e d f o r u n s t e a d y f l o w problems, w h i l e t h e f i n i t e volume f o r m u l a t i o n a l l o w s a ve ry s i m p l e t r e a t m e n t of de fo rming meshes. 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The problem of u n s t e a d y t r a n s o n i c f l o w a b o u t o s c i l l a t i n g a i r f o i l s ha s r e c e i v e d c o n s i d e r a b l e a t t e n t i o n i n t h e l a s t decade . Many of t h e numeric a l schemes f o r s o l v i n g u n s t e a d y problems a r e based on t h e t r a n s o n i c s m a l l d i s t u r b a n c e p o t e n t i a l e q u a t i o n , which is e i t h e r l i n e a r i z e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o a s t e a d y f l ow o r is s o l v e d d i r e c t l y . B a l l h a u s and G o o r j i a n [ l ] have s o l v e d t h e n o n l i n e a r s m a l l d i s t u r b a n c e p o t e n t i a l e q u a t i o n w i t h low f r e q u e n c y a p p r o x i m a t i o n u s i n g a n a l t e r n a t i n g d i r e c t i o n e x p l i c i t scheme. To d e s c r i b e i n v i s c i d t r a n s o n i c f l ow c o r r e c t l y , t h e E u l e r e q u a t i o n s must be s o l v e d . The n u m e r i c a l s o l u t i o n of t h e E u l e r e q u a t i o n s s h o u l d p r o v i d e a n a c c u r a t e p r e d i c t i o n of t h e l o c a t i o n and s t r e n g t h of t h e shock and t h e a s s o c i a t e d wave d r ag . T h i s c a n be p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t i n u n s t e a d y t r a n s o n i c f l o w , where t h e changes i n a n g l e of a t t a c k c a u s e t h e shock t o move a p p r e c i a b l y . The u n s t e a d y E u l e r e q u a t i o n s have been s o l v e d by Magnus & Yosh iha r a [ 2 ] , L e r a t and S i d e s [ 3 ] and S t e g e r ( 4 1 . Magnus & Y o s h i h a r a [ 2 ] u sed a f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e scheme of t h e Lax-Wendroff t ype . L e r a t and S i d e s [ 3 ] s o l v e d . t h e E u l e r e q u a t i o n s i n i n t e g r a l c o n s e r v a t i o n law fo rm by u s i n g t h e f i n i t e volume method of MacCormack. S t e g e r [ 4 ] u s e d a n i m p l i c i t f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e a l g o r i t h m t o s o l v e b o t h i n v i s c i d and v i s c o u s f l ow a b o u t a i r f o i l s . D e s p i t e t h e i n t e n s i v e e f f o r t s of numerous i n v e s t i g a t o r s , t h e o b j e c t i v e of combining 1 ) High a c c u r a c y 2 ) R e s o l u t i o n of shock waves and c o n t a c t d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s 3 ) E l i m i n a t i o n of s p u r i o u s o s c i l l a t i o n s Copyright O American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 1985. All rights reserved. c o n t i n u e s t o be a n e l u s i v e g o a l . It has l o n g been r e c o g n i z e d t h a t upwind d i f f e r e n c i n g can e l i m i n a t e s p u r i o u s o s c i l l a t i o n s i n t h e ne ighborhood of shock waves a t t h e expense of low a c c u r a c y i n r e g i o n s where t h e f l ow is smooth. C e n t r a l d i f f e r e n c e schemes, on t h e o t h e r hand, produce good s o l u t i o n s i n smooth r e g i o n s , b u t a r e p rone t o o s c i l l a t i o n s i n t h e ne ighborhood of shockwaves. Stemming f rom t h e m a t h e m a t i c a l t h e o r y of s c a l a r c o n s e r v a t i o n l aws [ 5 ] , H a r t e n p roposed t h e concep t of t o t a l v a r i a t i o n d i m i n i s h i n g (TVD) schemes [ 6 ] . H a r t e n a l s o d e v i s e d second o r d e r a c c u r a t e e x p l i c i t and i m p l i c i t TVD schemes, which i n c o r p o r a t e f l u x l i m i t e r s t o c o n t r o l t h e a c t i o n of a n a n t i d i f f u s i v e t e r m [ 7 ] . Jameson [ 8 ] ha s d e r i v e d a s e m i d i s c r e t e TVD scheme f o l l o w i n g a s i m i l a r app roach which is o u t l i n e d i n t h e n e x t s e c t i o n . Van Lee r had earlier u s e d f l u x l i m i t e r s t o produce a second o r d e r a c c u r a t e scheme which would p r e s e r v e t h e monotonic i t y of an i n i t i a l l y monotone p r o f i l e (91 . I m p o r t a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e t h e o r y of upwind schemes have a l s o been made by Roe [10 ,11] and Oshe r 112,131. Both have d e v i s e d second o r d e r a c c u r a t e upwind schemes u s i n g f l u x l i m i t e r s . Many of t h e i d e a s on f l u x l i m i t e r s have r e c e n t l y been u n i t e d by Sweby [14 ] . Jameson & Lax [15 j have d e r i v e d c o n d i t i o n s on t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r a mu l t i p o i n t d i f f e r e n c e scheme t o have t h e TVD p r o p e r t y . Jameson (161 ha s a l s o c o n s t r u c t e d a s e m i d i s c r e t e TVD scheme which u s e s t h i r d o r d e r d i s s i p a t i v e t e rms m o d i f i e d by f l u x l i m i t e r s . I n t h i s work, t h e u n s t e a d y E u l e r e q u a t i o n s a r e s o l v e d on a r e g u l a r q u a d r i l a t e r a l g r i d abou t a n a i r f o i l i n two d imens ions . The f i n i t e volume scheme i n t h e form proposed by Jameson, Schmidt and T u r k e l [17] h a s been used . S e c t i o n 2 p r e s e n t s t h e s e m i d i s c r e t e TVD scheme f o r t h e s c a l a r conse r v a t i o n law. The i n t e g r a l form of t h e E u l e r e q u a t i o n s f o r a moving mesh and t h e f i n i t e volume scheme a r e p r e s e n t e d i n S e c t i o n 3 . S e c t i o n 4 d e a l s w i t h t h e e x t e n s i o n of TVD schemes t o a sy s t em of c o n s e r v a t i o n laws. S e c t i o n 5 d i s c u s s e s t h e t ime s t e p p i n g s t r a t e g y . I n S e c t i o n 6 we d i s c u s s t h e boundary c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e f a r f i e l d and on t h e a i r f o i l . F i n a l l y , S e c t i o n 7 p r e s e n t s t h e r e s u l t s f o r a v a r i e t y of one-d imens ional problems and t h e o s c i l l a t i n g a i r f o i l . 2. Total Variation Diminishing Scheme for a ScalarConservation Law Fi = fi + gi in which gi is an anti-diffusive flux which approximates a u A x a , ax and thus cancels the first order error. It is necessary to limit gi, however, to prevent the possibility of (gi+l-gi)/(ui+l-~i) becoming unbounded. For this purpose define For the scalar conservation law a * + f(u) = 0 at ax (1) it is well known that the total variation can never increase. Correspondingly it seems desirable that the discrete total variation m and where B is an averaging function which limits the magnitude attainable by (gi+l gi)/(ui+l ui) and satisfies the condition of a solution of a difference approximation to (1) should not increase. It can be shown that a semidiscretization will have the TVD property if it can be cast in the form


Objectives : Excessive nutrition intake and lack of physical activity induce obesity through accumulation of fat in human body. The obesity have been categorized as a disease and known to cause several chronic diseases and cancers. In Japan, Bangpungtongsung-san has been applied as one of the therapies of the obesity and it's pharmacological uses have been studied for a long time. The purpose of this study is reviewing researches of Bangpungtongsung-san related to the obesity.


Development respectively established ventilation on-line monitoring and analysis early warning system and coal and gas outburst comprehensive early warning system, and constructed network platform and information collection support system, to formed the mine ventilation and gas disaster early warning platform. The platform field application effect is good.


Objective To investigate sexual behavior systematically among university students;to provide evidence and reference for universities and relevant government bodies;to work out strategy for sex education and STD/HIV prevention. Methods Two comprehensive universities were chosen in Zhejiang Province;all grade 1 to grade 4 students in the 2 universities were asked to attend this self-administered questionnaire survey.Results 78.0% of total students attended this survey,and 13.1% of them initiated their sex.The average age for sex initiation was 19.51,only 29.2% sexually active students used condom during their first sex.The average number of sexual partner was 1.54,10.4% of sexually active students or their partner had the experience of abortion,and some portion of students had same sex or bisexual behavior,and some had experience of buying or selling sex,and 1.4% once were diagnosed as STD.The main place for students to conduct sex was hotel,then at home.The main reason that students used condom was to prevent prengnancy.68.6%-77.1% sexually active students thought their partner,or themselves impossible,very low possible,or low possible to be pregnant and contract STD/AIDS.Conclusion The awareness of preventing STD/AIDS among university students is quite low,their self-protection awareness,and condom use rate are low too.The main reason for them to use condom is to prevent pregnancy,not to prevent disease.Multiple sexual partner,MSM,bisexual behavior,buying sex and selling sex actually exist.It is revealed that the university students are in practical risk of abortion,STD and HIV infection,so systematic and scientific sex education and STD/AIDS health education and behavior intervention are pressing and urgent.


PURPOSE: A process for manufacturing nano tungsten powder by low pressure vapor reaction is provided to obtain nano tungsten powder having high strength and superior abrasion resistance by manufacturing tens of nanometer grade tungsten powder using tungsten contained precursor by the low pressure vapor reaction. CONSTITUTION: In a process for manufacturing tungsten powder from a tungsten contained precursor, the process comprises a step of preparing the tungsten contained precursor; a step of generating gas by vaporizing or sublimating the precursor; a step of separating tungsten constituent from the gas by maintaining the gas to a pressure less than an atmospheric pressure at an inert atmosphere; and a step of condensing the tungsten constituent at a pressure less than an atmospheric pressure, wherein the precursor is at least one or more selected from tungsten ethoxide, tungsten chloride and tungsten hexacarbonyl, wherein the inert atmosphere is formed by using at least one or more gases selected from CO, CO2, H2, He, Ar, N2 and a mixture thereof, wherein the tungsten constituent separation step is performed at a temperature of 500 to 1,500 deg.C, and wherein the separated tungsten constituent is adsorbed onto the surface of cooler having a sub-zero temperature so that tungsten is condensed.


The effects of orientation-dependent interactions on the segmental orientation in weakly deformed polymers were examined on the basis of lattice theories and gas-of-rods theories. Both the freely jointed chain and the wormlike chain wre considered as polymer models. It was shown in a somewhat general fashion that the orientation-dependent excluded-volume effect or packing effect could give rise to a considerable amount of excess orientation over that predicted in the absence of such an effect.


Environmental education is being promoted worldwide and is the subject of active effort in Japan as well. However, many environmental education programs focus on land-based systems, and currently only few schools have programs on the marine environment. Toward the goal of developing an educational game for advancing marine environmental education, we assessed the current state of environmental education and conducted basic research on existing educational games. The current state of environmental education indicated a need for developing educational games with a marine environmental theme to be linked with outdoor hands-on activities. As for the game itself, a card game is likely to be a suitable basic format because it can be used regardless of physical setting and also because the use of a variety of cards can be effective in maintaining continued interest and developing the capacity to understand the annual cycle of the natural environment. We also developed a region-specific card game whose objectives were to understand the region's organisms and the relationship between people and the environment.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


In this study engine and emission performance of a 4-stroke, 4 cylinder, direct injection 62,5 kW engine, with three different biodiesel blends (B25, B50, B75),  was compared with those obtained with use of normal diesel (B0) through a 8-mode experimental test procedure, in convention with ISO 8178-C1. The results of the study showed that, performance and emission values of biodiesel fuels produced from vegetable oil and those obtained with diesel fuel (B0) are very close to each other.  In this context, the waste cooking oil, which is a serious risk to the environment and should be collected according to related legistlative measures,  could be processed to and used as biodiesel without creating any significant loss in terms of engine performance, while providing significant advantages in terms of engine emissions. These results revealed that, waste frying oils can be used as diesel fuel and to create an adding value for the economy instead of being potential environmental risk.


The prevalence of social media is expanding step by step y. People of all age group are terribly interested in social networking. Social media connects people from different parts of the world. However, social media may have some side effects such as cyberbullying, which may have negative impacts on the life of people. Research shows that children and teenagers are the main victims of this cyber attack. Through the social media, people share their thoughts and emotions with their friends. There are large numbers of fraud accounts in social media. Cyberbullying is when someone, harass others on social media sites. Some people use it for cyber attack by making negative comments on others post. One way to tackle this problem is to detect those bullying messages and encrypt it. Machine learning techniques make automatic detection of cyberbullying messages. Weka is a powerfull machine learning tool which can be used for this purpose. A combination of classification and lexical algorithms can detect whether a message is bullying or not. Cyberbullying is a major problem in society since social media has its presence in all fields of modern man's life.


AbstractThe current work is a contribution to the potential effect of the aft fuselage stiffness modifications on the flutter characteristics of a T-tail. The rear fuselage is simulated by beam elements, based on a fixed T-tail structure. Their stiffness ranges from 1×105  N-m2 to infinite. The present analyses and discussion predict that a combination of out-of-plane or in-plane bending and torsion of the fuselage, fin, and stabilizer affects modes, and critical flutter and divergence speeds and flutter mechanisms, when the fuselage stiffness continuously varies. With the distinct segmental stiffness of the simulated fuselage, the different flutter results are compared and investigated. This paper also points out that the increasing joint stiffness of the stabilizer and fin can benefit the flutter characteristics. The calculated and analyzed database should be available to use for the structural design of the empennage in engineering


This article reformulates the thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration algorithm based on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix representation and further investigates the influence of non-ideal TRL standards on S-parameter measurements. To reformulate the TRL calibration algorithm, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-matrices of error boxes are constructed by the thru measurement, and only three wave ratios need to be solved with low calculation complexity. Furthermore, expressions representing the S-parameter deviations with respect to the non-ideal TRL standards are deduced in a simple and novel way. From the experiment, a good agreement between the reformulated and classical TRL calibration algorithms can be observed. In addition, the sensitivity coefficients of S-parameters are calculated and compared with the results obtained by the classical work, which proves the validity of the proposed method.


Dr. Haolin Zhu earned her BEng in Engineering Mechanics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and her Ph.D. in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Cornell University, with a focus on computational solid mechanics. After receiving her Ph.D., Dr. Zhu joined Arizona State University as a full time Lecturer and became part of the freshman engineering education team in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering. She currently holds the title of Senior Lecturer and focuses on designing the curriculum and teaching in the freshman engineering program. She is also involved in the NAE Grand Challenge Scholars Program, the ASU ProMod project, the Engineering Projects in Community Service program, the Engineering Futures program