We show that the beam radius of the localized beam in Anderson localized optical fibers is smaller for shorter wavelengths and report on the reversal of this scaling in some fibers due to boundary effects.


As the last summation took some 13^ hours on the school's computer the series has not been investigated further. The results clearly illustrate the slow convergence of the series towards n but how significant are the digits following the 'error digit'? It has been suggested that the series may well contain within it a more rapidly convergent series. Perhaps other readers will be able to explain these results. Of course they may be sheer coincidence!


(1978). Petrochemical and geochemical characteristics of a migmatite gneiss complex in the southwestern Sea of Japan. International Geology Review: Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 947-954.


The present invention discloses a method for producing an electrode structure. The method comprising: providing a semiconductor body, the semiconductor body having a first surface and having a first sacrificial layer extending from the first surface in a vertical direction of the semiconductor body; formed extending from the first surface to the semiconductor body a first trench, wherein forming the first trench comprises removing the sacrificial layer at least in a portion adjacent to the first surface; and a second groove formed by isotropically etching the semiconductor body in the first groove grooves; forming a second dielectric layer covering the sidewalls of the trench; forming a second electrode in the trench on the dielectric layer, the second electrode of the trench and the dielectric layer forming the electrode structure.


Due to the complexity production of photovoltaic (PV) module cells, it is easy to generate defects such as broken grid, open weld and hidden crack in many processes. Based on artificial feature extraction method is time-consuming, low recognition rate, the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) relys on a single channel to extract image feature is not sufficient, this paper proposes a method of multi-channel convolutional neural network(MCCNN) to detect the defects in PV module cells, multi-channel has the scale of different image size, it is able to extract the image feature from different scale, The features are fused on the fully connected layer, finally through the Random Forest(RF) classifier to classify, it can improve the accuracy of recognition. Simulation results show that the MCCNN can quickly and accurately identify the PV module cells defect and defect categories, and accurately mark it on the original image.


The article is based on analysis of terminology the essence of the concept of "control in local government." An different approaches in determining the merits of control scientists, given the urgency and importance of control especially in state and local authorities. Deals with the principles of control in public administration. The characteristic features of control over the activities of local authorities. Emphasized the role of monitoring the activities of the public administration. Generalized analysis of scientific and academic sources suggests the complexity of the concept of control in public administration, that control is regarded as one of the principles of functioning of the state; as a method of management; as a form of government; as a function of management; as a legal form of public bodies. Control is multifaceted legal phenomenon, including and on the activities of local authorities. Control – a function of the state and society, their institutions and structures is to use a variety of supervisory and evaluation mechanisms for the activities of organs, agencies, organizations and personal fulfillment, compliance with laws and different rules may be established as state and private organization performance standards for discipline, performance and management.


In the present work I have analyzed the digital marketing strategies carried out by the main companies dedicated to the sports supplementation in Spain, a sector in constant growth with great presence in internet. For this we been focused on the four companies with highest registered activity in Spain, whose business models, in spite of following the same patterns, present different levels of implication in determined aspects, which makes it posible a comparison and valoration about the marketing plan they carry out. They have been analyzed common aspects and differenciators about their web pages and their level of implication creating content, on it, it have been analyzed the most relevant traffic sources for each company, for finally extract determined conclusiones and understand how implemented strategies have influenced the results.


GaN Band Structure. Rashba Hamiltonian. Rashba Spin Splitting in III-Nitride Heterostructures and Quantum Wells. Tunnel Spin Filter in Rashba Quantum Structures. Exchange Interaction in Semiconductors and Metals. Ferromagnetism in III-V Semiconductors. Topological Insulators. Magnetic Exchange Interaction in Topological Insulators.


A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital be-cause of repeated leg and face edema. The chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and right-sided pleural effusion. Echocardiographic examination detected compression of the right atrium (RA) by dilated and elongated ascending aorta. Pulsed-wave Doppler examination demon-strated that peak diastolic velocity and mean pressure gradient through the stenotic site were 1.65 m/s and 4.8 mm Hg, respectively. MRI was performed to investigate the cardiac anatomy in detail. The left ventricle was turned sideways on the diaphragm. The ascending aorta was remarkably elongated and dilated. Thus, the initial portion of this patient's ascending aorta ran transversely. The RA was compressed between the transverse portion of the ascending aorta and the right diaphragm (Figure 1). Right heart catheterization revealed that the maximal pressure gradient between the RA and right ventricle (RV) at deep exhalation was 8 mm Hg: mean RA pressure was 8 mm Hg, and RV pressure was 16/2 mm Hg (Figure 2A). However, the pressure gradient between the RA and RV disappeared at deep inhalation, with mean RA pressure of 8 mm Hg and RV pressure of 23/ 8 mm Hg (Figure 2B). According to these findings, we diagnosed that the patient's right-sided heart failure was due to compression of the right atrium caused by remarkable ascending aortic elongation. The patient showed marked improvement with diuretic therapy.


This paper describes how electronic presentations are currently used by business people. Business people in the United States and Sweden were surveyed to determine how they are using the medium. A questionnaire was mailed to 506 business people in the United States (201 returned) and to 80 business people in Sweden (76 returned). Results are discussed in terms of gender use of the medium; frequency of use; age of electronic presenters; size of companies using the medium; reasons for using electronic presentations; length of presentation; and media preference. More men than women were found to give business presentations and one to five presentations per month was the average response. The major users of electronic presentations in the United States were found to be in the 36-45 age group, while Swedish users were in the 25-35 age group. Electronic presentations were found in both countries to be most heavily used in medium-sized companies. The most popular electronic presentation is shown to an audience of less than 25 people, with a liquid crystal display and an overhead projector, using Microsoft PowerPoint software. The complete questionnaire results are appended. (AEF) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and fastest-growing modality in diagnostic imaging, and is considered to be one of the most important medical advances of the 20th century. This book describes novel methods to improve MRI beyond its current limitations and combines rigorous development of mathematical concepts with descriptive presentations of the emerging MRI techniques.


Third order grating filters fabricated in small Silicon-on-Insulator rib waveguides are demonstrated. Variations in grating etch depth and duty cycle are considered, and a maximum experimental reflection of 42% is demonstrated for gratings of 1500 µm in length, with a grating period of approximately 689nm and an etch depth of 200nm. Agreement with modeling is shown to be good.


Increasing demand, pollution, poor management structures and crumbling sewerage infrastructure could spell catastrophe for South Africa's freshwater supply. Prof Anthony Turton, professor at University of the Free State's centre for environmental management, takes a closer look at this dire situation.


AbstractSoviet savings-bank statistics are examined as a potential source of data in economic-geographic research, with particular reference to four distinctive areas of Donetsk Oblast (Yenakiyevo, a large coal-steel city; Debal'tsevo, a middle-size railroad town; a suburban rural area; and a purely rural area). The average deposit balance in rural areas tends to be larger and more stable than in cities. City dwellers view savings banks as a place for keeping temporarily available money while rural residents use the banks for savings for particular purposes (home building, automobile purchase, etc.). The coefficient of territorial concentration (the ratio of the mean deposit in the local area to the mean deposit in the oblast as a whole) reflects differences in income levels. The mean deposit tends to be highest in suburban rural areas, where employment in the central city is supplemented by the sale of produce from private garden plots. Income levels in Yenakiyevo, with its high-paid labor force in the c...


In the international literature there are many documented studies which have shown the connection between leadership and commitment to organization. Specifically, transformational leadership is highly associated with this important and positive work attitude, job satisfaction.  The interpretation in a school context is that the director should practice as transformational leader so as to produce better educational outcomes through teachers' commitment to school goals. In Greece, little empirical research has been done to investigate the perceptions of teachers about the connection between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the perceptions of teachers to the extent that transformational leadership contributes to commitment to school goals. The selected research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, namely using questionnaire and interview. The sample consisted of 171 teachers from two types of educational institutions, lower and upper general secondary schools of a local administration of secondary education. The survey's results showed that teachers feel substantial commitment to school goals when the school principal acts as transformational leader. Demographic variables, type of school and work experience, do not affect the views of teachers. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.8.6


C. Wright Mills and Amos H. Hawley have both done extensive research on the concept of power in social systems. Beginning from two different intellectual traditions, Mills building on Max Weber and Hawley employing human ecology, their respective research has produced a number of points of convergence. Both regard power as a system property. Within any social system power may be more or less concentrated, and the degree of concentration has implications for the functioning of the system. Power is seen as being distributed among units in the systems that result in a hierarchy that can be more or less steep. Mills was concerned with the social implications of power in a political sense, whereas Hawley focused on the ability of a system to meet basic functional requirements of coordination and sustenance production. Their differences notwithstanding, their points of convergence have sharpened our understanding of power in social systems.


This chapter reviews the development of textured yarns, from artificial silk through to melt spinning. It assesses how fabric properties can be improved by spinning.


The authors studied climatic characteristics at Turfan Desert Research Station in northwest China on the basis of the meteorological measurements for the periods from July, 1990 through December, 1992. The desert climate data were compared with those in a nearby oasis. Main results were as follows: (1) Maximum air temperature was 47.9•Ž on August 3, 1990 and June 29, 1992, and maximum surface soil temperature 84.7•Ž on July 16, 1992. Monthly mean wind speed was lowest at 1.3m/s in January and highest at 3.5m/s in July, and annual mean wind speed was 2.2m/s. Annual precipitation from July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1992 was 16.0mm and 2-year mean precipitation from 1991 to 1992 was 8.8mm. (2) Wind speeds of strong wind season from April to August were lowest at early morning and highest from evening to midnight. Annual prevailing wind direction was from NE to NNE, however, most frequent wind direction for the strong wind season was from W to WNW. Foehn and strong wind over 20m/s occurred on about 30% and 10%, respectively, of the days in July and August. (3) The instantaneous maximum wind speed correlated well with the daily maximum 10minute mean wind speed for either the strong wind season and the whole year. The proportional coefficient of the former to the latter speed was 1.41 as a gust factor. (4) Evaporation rate from soil surface at the dry land of Turfan was very low below 1 mm per day, while that from small pan-type evaporimeter was very high at about 25mm per day on fine days in summer. Amount of evapotranspiration calculated by gradient method was generally smaller than that by heat budget method, however, the increaing rate of the former was larger than that of the latter under the condition of strong wind. By comparison, the evapotranspira1991年4月8日 および1993年4月3日 全国大 会にて発 表 1994年4月8日 受付,1994年9月29日 受理


The main aspects of modern organic chemistry of the Group 13 elements – aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl) – are considered. Herewith, the main emphasis is placed on their use for the various carbonyl compounds activation in organic synthesis and reactions, which are specific for these elements. The 21th century marked a new era in the development of chemistry of the Group 13 elements; it is connected with the discovery of surprising and unexpected reactions and new compounds (primarily in the area of organic and coordination chemistry), defining various fields of these elements application.


Low defect fuels are required for the MHTGR to meet tighter fuel performance for this reactor design (Ref. 1). Exposed heavy metal (HM) contamination levels must be reduced to {le} 1E-5 fraction. Particle coating breakage during the fuel compact fabrication process has been shown to be a major source of HM contamination in the final fuel compacts. Excessive forces are experienced by the coated fuel particles during matrix injection, which leads to coating failure. Adding a sacrificial, low Young`s modulus, overcoating of low density PyC in a fluidized particle bed, was shown to greatly increase the crush strength of TRISO coated fuel particles in 1986 studies (Ref. 2). The new TRISO coated fuel particle design was designated the TRISO-P coated fuel particle type. In 1987, the TRISO-P particle type was used to produce low defect fuel compacts for irradiation in the HRB-21 Capsule (Ref. 3). However, the exposed HM contamination levels for that fuel barely met the product specification limit of {le} 1.0E-5. The small margin of safety between product quality and the specification limit dictated that additional process development of the TRISO-P particle design must be conducted. This document discusses the program scope, requirements, documentation and schedule.


Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of clinical suspect fungal corneal ulcer by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Methods A pair of oligonucleotide sequences,which was bases on the conserved region of 18srRNA shared by medically important conditioned fungal,was used as the general primers to amplify the DNAs from clinical suspect fungal corneal ulcer in a PCR assay,and the result was contrasted with culture.Results A 400bp specific DNA product was successfully amplified.The positive rate of fungi culture among 36 clinical specimens was 58.3%,while that of PCR amplification was 86.1%.In addition,the accuracy of PCR method in this study was 72.2%,the sensitivity was 100%,and the specialty was 33.3%.Conclusion PCR with the general primers is suitable for rapid detection of fungal corneal ulcer because of quickness and high positive rate.


In a recent issue of CHEST (February 2015), Manuel et al 1  reported an original study on obese subjects suggesting that a raised bicarbonate concentration ([HCO 3 2 ]), without awake hypercapnia, could allow the early detection of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Since bicarbonate was announced as a potential discriminant biomarker, methodologic issues about its determination should be considered.


A case of tubular adenoma with squamous metaplasia of the sigmoid colon in a 44‐year‐old female is reported. The tumor was a pedunculated polyp with a size of 1.2 × 1.7 × 1.7 cm. Histologically, the tumor showed tubular adenoma with focal squamous metaplasia. Borderline atypia was noted in a part of adenoma without squamous metaplasia and squamous component. It is supposed that squamous epithelial polyp, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma may be derived from colonic adenoma with squamous metaplasia. Only six cases of the adenoma with squamous metaplasia of the large intestine have been reported previously in the literature.


Boxers were mainly slandered by some sects or political groups,who wanted to achieve some political purposes by talking about Boxers before the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. Boxers Movement was totally viewed from causes of its outbreak,to its character,to its causes of failure,and to its historical status by early Chinese Communists. Therefore,slander words on the Boxers were pushed over. Boxers Movement was valued high on national liberation movement. The public consensus of the Chinese revolution's nature,targets,and the driving forces,were strengthened. And their enthusiasm of the revolutionary struggle against imperialism and feudalism were prompted . The framework on the Boxers Movement constructed by early Chinese Communists was inherited by later communists. The Fundamental transformation of discourse system on the Boxers Movement was not simply re-commenting,but reflecting the process of how did the Party win the support of public opinion and construct collective identity.


Aim: to evaluate the course and outcomes of monochorial monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy. Patients and Methods: this prospective study included 34 patients (a mean age 31.8±4.3 years) with MCMA twins for assessing the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. The authors evaluated such criteria as the timing of delivery and the prenatal management of MCMA-twin pregnancy, as well as the perinatal outcomes and mortality. Monitoring of the pregnant women with umbilical cord entanglement was started at 16 weeks of gestation and included ultrasound examination every two weeks and after 26–28 weeks of gestation — two or three times a week coupled with cardiotocography for fetal assessment. Results: the study demonstrated a high prevalence of cervical insufficiency which was found in 10 (29.4%) MCMA twin pregnancies at 18 to 28 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis of umbilical cord entanglement was established in 16 (47.1%) patients, twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) – in 2 (5.9%) patients, and twin anemia-polycythemia syndrome (TAPS) – in 1 (2.9%) patient. The reported antenatal losses were 6 of 68 (8.8%) of fetuses. There were 7 perinatal losses of 68 MCMA-twin pregnancies (10.3%). The antenatal and perinatal losses in MCMA twins were caused by the following specific complications: TTTS, cord entanglement and hypoxia due to the selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR). A preterm operative delivery was used in 29 (85.2%) patients with MCMA twins. Five (14.7%) patients did not have complications and it was possible to prolong the pregnancy to 36 weeks. Caesarean sections were carried out almost for all the pregnant women (33 (97.1%)). Conclusion: the antenatal and perinatal losses in MCMA twins are caused by the specific complications. These findings prove that patients with complicated MCMA twin pregnancies need to have a careful monitoring in Level III perinatal centers. Planned caesarean sections are recommended for all MCMA twin pregnancies. If complications are detected, a preterm operative delivery closer to week 35 of gestation will enable to increase the fetal survival rates and thus to improve the perinatal outcomes. Uncomplicated MCMA twin pregnancies can be prolonged to week 36 for improving the condition of newborn babies at the time of delivery. KEYWORDS: multifetal pregnancy, monochorial monoamniotic twin pregnancy, umbilical cord entanglement, neonatal outcome, twin-twin transfusion syndrome, selective intrauterine growth restriction, twin anemia-polycythemia syndrome. FOR CITATION: Kalashnikov S.A., Konoplyannikov A.G., Voskoboeva K.Yu. et al. The course and outcomes of monochorial monoamniotic twin pregnancy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(1):6–12 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-1-6-12.


TO THE EDITOR: Collagenous colitis is a form of watery diarrhea associated with the thickening of the subepithelial collagen of the colon [1]. It usually occurs in the absence of underlying disease, and only rarely has it been associated with connective tissue disorders [2-4]. We report the first case of systemic lupus erythematosus accompanied by collagenous colitis. A 47-year-old woman with systemic lupus accompanied by myositis, interstitial lung disease, and cytopenias developed severe watery diarrhea. Her stool volumes ranged from 900 to 1500 mL/d. Stool specimens were negative for occult blood, leukocytes, bacterial pathogens, Clostridium difficile toxin, parasites, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses. Sigmoidoscopy showed normal colonic mucosa with mild edema. Examination of a rectal biopsy specimen showed a thickened subepithelial collagen band varying in width from 10 to 50m(normal, 4.6 to 6 microns), consistent with collagenous colitis. Congo red stains for amyloid were negative. The C3 level was 67 mg/dL (normal, 83 to 177 mg/dL), and the C4 level was 16.3 mg/dL (normal, 15 to 45 mg/dL). She was treated with loperamide and prednisone, and her diarrhea subsequently resolved. Collagenous colitis has rarely been associated with seronegative polyarthritis [1, 2], discoid lupus [2], scleroderma [3], and the calcinosis cutis syndrome [4] but to our knowledge has not previously been reported with systemic lupus erythematosus. Our patient had lupus and developed watery diarrhea secondary to collagenous colitis, which appeared to respond to antimotility agents and corticosteroid therapy. An extensive workup showed no infectious cause of her diarrhea. Although the low complement values suggest immune complex formation, previous studies have shown no staining for immunoglobulins or complement (or electron-dense deposits suggesting antigen-antibody complexes) in the subepithelial collagen layer in collagenous colitis [5]. Collagenous colitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of watery diarrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.


This dissertation studies the effects of fiscal policy and the challenges due to government debt.

The first part of the work consists of an analysis of fiscal policy and government debt in theoretical models. We show in Chapter 2, how the public debt structure, split into internal and external debt, influences the outcome in means of the steady state of an economy within a three overlapping generations model. In Chapter 3, the effect of a national debt shock within the European Monetary Union is analyzed, taking a modified Gali/Monacelli New-Keynesian model for the EMU as a basis.

In the second part, the manner and effectiveness of German fiscal policy in 1991-2009 are examined. Chapter 4 characterizes fiscal policy in Germany by using a production function based approach. Finally, we show in Chapter 5, how fiscal shocks would have affected the main German economic variables in 1991-2009; the analysis is carried out in a structural vector autoregression model framework. In this context, special attention is paid to international trade variables since Germany is characterized by its export-orientation and the need for imported goods.

In times of the lasting financial and economic crisis in the European Monetary Union, the examined topics are more existent than ever.


Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agroecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides that are used to control weeds. In this regard the phenomenon of allelopathy, which is expressed through the release of chemicals by a plant, has been suggested to be one of the possible alternatives for achieving sustainable weed management. The use of allelopathy for controlling weeds could be either through directly utilizing natural allelopathic interactions, particularly of crop plants, or by using allelochemicals as natural herbicides. In the former case, a number of crop plants with allelopathic potential can be used as cover, smother, and green manure crops for managing weeds by making desired manipulations in the cultural practices and cropping patterns. These can be suitably rotated or intercropped with main crops to manage the target weeds (including parasitic ones) selectively. Even the crop mulch/residues can also give desirable benefits. Not only the terrestrial weeds, even allelopathy can be suitably manipulated for the management of aquatic weeds. The allelochemicals present in the higher plants as well as in the microbes can be directly used for weed management on the pattern of herbicides. Their bioefficacy can be enhanced by structural changes or the synthesis of chemical analogues based on them. Further, in order to enhance the potential of allelopathic crops, several improvements can be made with the use of biotechnology or genomics and proteomics. In this context either the production of allelochemicals can be enhanced or the transgenics with foreign genes encoding for a particular weed-suppressing allelochemical could be produced. In the former, both conventional breeding and molecular genetical techniques are useful. However, with conventional breeding being slow and difficult, more emphasis is laid on the use of modern techniques such as molecular markers and the selection aided by them. Although the progress in this regard is slow, nevertheless some promising results are coming and more are expected in future. This review attempts to discuss all these aspects of allelopathy for the sustainable management of weeds. Referee: Dr. Amrjits S. Basra, Central Plains Crop Technology, 5912 North Meridian Avenue, Wichita, KS 67204


The propagation in time of a wavepacket is a conceptually rich problem suitable to be studied in any introductory quantum mechanics course. This subject is covered analytically in most of the standard textbooks. Computer simulations have become a widespread pedagogical tool, easily implemented in computer labs and in classroom demonstrations. However, we have detected issues raising difficulties in the practical effectuation of these codes which are especially evident when discrete grid methods are used. One issue—relatively well known—appears at high incident energies, producing a wavepacket slower than expected theoretically. The other issue, which appears at low wavepacket energies, does not affect the time evolution of the propagating wavepacket proper, but produces dramatic effects on its spectral decomposition. The origin of the troubles is investigated, and different ways to deal with these issues are proposed. Finally, we show how this problem is manifested and solved in the practical case of the electronic spectra of a metal surface ionized by an ultrashort laser pulse.


Let G be a finite centerless group, let π(G) be the set of primes p such that G contains an element of order p and let np(G) be the number of Sylow p−subgroup of G, that is, np(G)=|Sylp(G)|. Set NS(G) := {np(G)| p ∈ π(G)}. If NS(G)=NS(M), where M denotes one of the alternating simple groups A5 or A6, then M ≤ G ≤ Aut(M).


Captopril microsph~res from different biode~adable ~lyestersof the general structure poly (D,L-Iactide-co-glycolide) (PLGf , were prepared by a spray drying technique and the effects of y-irradiation both on the model drug substance and the polymers were investigated. Captopril, polymers and captopril microspheres were irradiated with doses of 6.9, 15.0, 27.7 and 34.8 kCy, using a 6oCo source. Microencapsulated captopril was partially oxidized to its disulfide, and probably coupled to PLG. The drug substance itself showed no oxidation under the same y-irradiation conditions. The weight average molecular weights of polymers (44,) decreased with increasing i~adiation dose. The extent of ~~-degradation was more pronounced with high initial 44,. The polydispersity indices (I=~~~~) were nearly unchanged, indicating that random chain cleavage was a likely degradation mechanism and not the previously postulated unzipping reaction. DSCand in-vitro release studies demonstrate, that interactions between drug and polymer during y-irradiation are of critical importance. In-vitro release is affected both by the initial polymer molecular weight and the irradiation dose. With low M, PLG (M, 16 500) a dose dependent acceleration of captopril release is seen, whereas for PLG (M, 5 I 500) the release decreases. A significant increase of captopril release rate due to faster polymer degradation is observed with high (M, 66 000) captopril microspheres, which can be rationalized on the basis of drastic changes in mechanica properties. Our studies demonstrate that y-sterilization of parenteral delivery systems from bi~egradable polyesters is by no means a s~aightfo~ard process step, but requires careful optimization of PLG molecular weights. The stability of the drug against high energy radiation is also influenced by polymer properties and the distribution of drug in the device. Solid solution type microspheres appear to be exceptionally sensitive towards y-irradiation.


This paper presents the design of very linear analog sampling switches implemented in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS technology. A largely input-independent ON-resistance of NMOS switch is obtained using the bootstrapping technique. A novel NMOS bootstrapped switch is proposed that efficiently employs the back-gate terminal of the FD-SOI NMOS device to further enhance its linearity. SPICE simulations were performed for comparing the performance of the proposed sampling switch with two other conventional switch configurations designed in a 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS process with a nominal supply voltage of 0.8 V.


Total ozone content derived from version 8 of the Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP‐TOMS) satellite data was compared with that from ground‐based data obtained with the Dobson spectrophotometer no. 031 at the Ukrainian Antarctic Vernadsky station. The period of comparison is 1996–2005. The statistics for cloudy and clear sky observations are presented separately, in order to assess the influence of cloudiness on the difference between the satellite and ground‐based measurements. The main findings obtained from the TOMS–Dobson difference analysis were: (i) a significant disagreement between clear and cloudy sky differences of about 9%, which is almost the same value as in version 7; and (ii) the difference for all data equals −2.0% (2625 days), whereas in cloudless and cloudy conditions the difference is 4.1% (137 days) and −4.5% (1048 days), respectively. We conclude that the TOMS (Dobson) measurements are mostly responsible for the data disagreement in clear (cloudy) sky conditions.


We found large changes in the low-temperature specific heat (low-T C) in the lightly Mn-substituted electron-doped perovskites Sr0.95La0.05Ti1−yMnzO3 with y = 0.02 and 0.04 by applying magnetic fie...


In this paper, we solve an important problem in Systems Theory: We obtain the eigenvalue intervals of the infinite-point fractional boundary value problem. Fractional Eivenvalue Problems are important in Decentralized Systems, Decentralized Control, Robotics, Distributed Systems, Electromagnetic Fields, Eleasticity Theory, 1-D and 2-D Systems etc. We prove its existence of at least one or two positive solutions for the fractional equations arising in control. The results can describe the corresponding control system accurately. KeyWords–Systems Theory; Control; Eigenvalue intervals; Infinite-point fractional boundary value problem; Positive solutions; Fixed point theorem.


Physical
exercise--�]induced
asthma
and
bronchospam
Physical
exercise
is
part
of
the
daily
ac..vi-
..es
of
children,
either
in
a
compe....ve
or
recrea..onal
way.
Asthma
or
exercise--�]induced
bronchospasm is a rather common
limita..on
in
sports.
The
exercise--�]induced
asthma
(EIA)
is
defined
as
an
airway
obstruc
..on
together
with
symptoms
such
as
cough,
dyspnea,
or
wheezing,
which
are
triggered
by
exercise
in
pa..ents
with
asthma.
The exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is characterized by the same presenta
..on
when
the
subjects
have
no
previous
asthma diagnosis. It is highly prevalent in
elite
athletes
(swimming,
cycling,
long
distance
runners and sports under cold and
dry
weather
condi..ons).
The
aim
of
this
review
is
to
provide
pediatricians
with
a
basic
knowledge
about
the
pathophysiology,
diagnosis,
preven..on
and
treatment
of
such
en....es
to
allow
pa..ents
a
safe
sport
prac..ce.


to study the demographic features yield of gram staining cerebrospinal fluid culture and etiological pattern of bacterial meningitis in children of 2 months to 12 years. A hospital based prospective and descriptive study was carried out at the department of paediatrics, LRH, Peshawar. All those children in the age group between 2 months to 12 years having clinical suspicion of meningitis and cerebrospinal findings suggestive of meningitis i.e. > 10 x10 WBC/L and /or CSF sugar 80mg% were included in the study. Children having history of intake of antibiotic in the last 5 days which can cross the blood brain barrier and children with tuberculous meningitis were excluded. Bacterial meningitis is the major cause of morjbidity in children below the age of 5 years. The yield of gram staining and culture though comparable with the national studies but lower than reported internationally. S Pneumoniae, N Meningitides and H Influenzae are the three most commo0n causes of Bacterial Meningitis in our children as reported nationally and internationally.


We present strontium (Sr) isotope ratios that, unlike traditional 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data, are not normalized to a fixed 88 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of 8.375209 (defined as d 88/86 Sr = 0 relative to NIST SRM 987). Instead, we correct for isotope fractionation during mass spectrometry with a 87 Sr– 84 Sr double spike. This technique yields two independent ratios for 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 88 Sr/ 86 Sr that are reported as ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*) and (d 88/86 Sr), respectively. The difference between the traditional radiogenic ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr normalized to 88 Sr/ 86 Sr = 8.375209) and the new 87 Sr/ 86 Sr* values reflect natural mass-dependent isotope fractionation. In order to constrain glacial/interglacial changes in the marine Sr budget we compare the isotope composition of modern seawater (( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)Seawater) and modern marine biogenic carbonates (( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)Carbonates) with the corresponding values of river waters (( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)River) and hydrothermal solutions (( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)HydEnd) in a triple isotope plot. The measured ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)River values of selected rivers that together account for � 18% of the global Sr discharge yield a Sr flux-weighted mean of (0.7114(8), 0.315(8)&). The average ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)HydEnd values for hydrothermal solutions from the Atlantic Ocean are (0.7045(5), 0.27(3)&). In contrast, the ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)Carbonates values representing the marine Sr output are (0.70926(2), 0.21(2)&). We estimate the modern Sr isotope composition of the sources at (0.7106(8), 0.310(8)&). The difference between the estimated ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)input and ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr*, d 88/86 Sr)output values reflects isotope disequilibrium with respect to Sr inputs and outputs. In contrast to the modern ocean, isotope equilibrium between inputs and outputs during the last glacial maximum (10–30 ka before present) can be explained by invoking three times higher Sr inputs from a uniquely "glacial" source: weathering of shelf carbonates exposed at low sea levels. Our data are also consistent with the "weathering peak" hypothesis that invokes enhanced Sr inputs resulting from weathering of postglacial exposure of abundant fine-grained material. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Abstract The article studies the experience of slavery and its abolition on the sugar plantation La Esperanza, on the northern coastal plain of Puerto Rico. It offers a snapshot of La Esperanza's slave crew and presents insights into the affective relationships slaves established among themselves. Based on census material and court records, the article focuses on slave agency and on the opportunities rendered by the political and administrative context created in the colony after the triumph of liberalism in Spain. As the abolition of slavery approached, the local court restricted planters' traditional rights to administer punishment to their bondsmen, who they now began to see as potential free citizens. Slaves responded accordingly and played a decisive part in the process of change, thus showing understanding of the law and its possibilities. The events described here will help depict how 'freedom' took shape and how the administration of justice was becoming an exclusive prerogative of the state and its already dense network of intervention. The slaves were quick to observe and partake in the rigorous truth-establishing processes of meticulous investigation and witness interrogation characteristic of the practice of ordinary justice as it began to break into the plantation.


Community Networks (CNs) offer many positive impacts for rural inhabitants of low-income regions beyond cheap communications, including different benefits to local economies, social welfare and personal well-being. However, spatial politics compromise diverse inclusion in these benefits by rendering women invisible when the wireless technologies used by CNs are designed, deployed and referred to in discussions about regulation. I support this claim by drawing together insights from multiple case research of rural CNs in India, Indonesia, Argentina Mexico, South Africa and Uganda, and my engagement with activists advocating for CNs. The spatial politics shaping debates about spectrum regulation, and the wireless technologies to which they apply, are at different scales than women in rural villages experience. Gendered spatial politics perform orthogonally across all scales and dimensions to constrain women's proximal access to WiFi, capacity to learn about and undertake technical tasks and involvement in decisions about CNs; however, advocacy for CNs works across vast geographies.


Background and context

Higher education and academics are under pressure to perform and transform the student experience. While research still maintains primal position in universities; academic roles are differentiating and expectations around the educational component of an academic role are changing. Increased demands on academic time have seen a much smaller proportion of academics finding the time to do original research and writing. Even those academics aspiring to a research career now spend most of their time doing teaching. There has been on-going contention around whether an academic role and career structure based on science research meets the operational needs of the current higher education environment. Early-on in the debate, several universities responded to increased student numbers and diversity by creating education focused roles, where the expectation was to focus on scholarly teaching and education research. In contrast, other universities responded by deciding that education focused academics no longer met operational needs and offered redundancies. What is the place of education focused Science academics in higher education? How do we better prepare Science academics in higher education?

Purpose of the study
This presentation will report on conceptions of the academic role as a result of conversations with academics in education focused roles in science in higher education as part of National Teaching Fellowship funded by the Office for Learning and Teaching.

Results and Conclusions
There was variation in the level of satisfaction among education focused academics in terms of performance and progression. Some academics expressed considerable success while others expressed feelings of disillusionment and being stripped of skills and connections. In general academics commented on differences in an academic role focused in education in terms of expertise, scholarship, connections, progress, reputation, research funding, mobility and the uncertainty of promotion success and stability of a career. Several expressed the difficulty of building a career in science education without the professional development and support required to transition from disciplinary to education research. The future of education focused Science academics in higher education has become a wicked problem. Re-visiting the conception of research in higher education appears to be the path forward.


We present a new approach to determine numerically the statistical behavior of small-scale structures in hydrodynamic turbulence. Starting from the functional integral representation of the random-force-driven Burgers' equation we show that Monte Carlo simulations allow us to determine the anomalous scaling of high-order moments of velocity differences. Given the general applicability of Monte Carlo methods, this opens up the possibility of also addressing other systems relevant to the turbulence within this framework.


Ecolab9, 7] is a model system of an ecology that attempts to understand evolutionary processes. It makes a particular assumption about the embryology, or genotype-phenotype map in order to generate the novel ecological interaction coeecients from the novel genotypes as they arise through mutation. The Eco-Tierra projectt7] examines this assumption using Tierra2] as a model ecosystem, which has an implicitly deened embryology. Ecolab9, 7] is a model system of an ecology that attempts to understand evolutionary processes. Ecolab's dynamics is taken to be a generalised form of the Lotka-Volterra equation, which is in fact the most general analytic two-term interaction model. _ n = r n + n n + mutate(; r; n): (1) Here n is the population density, the component n i being the number of individuals of species i, r is the diierence between reproduction and death, is the interaction matrix, with ij being the interaction between species i and j, and mutate is the mutation operator. is used to denote elementwise multiplication of two vectors. The mutation operator must generate new degrees of freedom i > n sp (where n sp is the number of species currently in the ecology), somehow deening the new 1


In this paper we report an investigation of electronic transport through the metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) multilayer consisting of AuCr/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 over a temperature range of 100 K–300 K where BaTiO3 (BTO) shows a series of structural phase transitions leading to change of magnitude as well as the orientation of the polarization P→ . We observed that the bias dependent barrier heights associated with the interfaces carry strong signature of the phase transitions in the BTO layer which lead to a strong temperature dependent asymmetric transport, when cooled down below room temperature. Specifically, it is observed that the temperature dependence is closely correlated to low temperature transitions in the BTO layer as revealed through the temperature dependent x-ray diffraction (XRD), capacitance as well as resistivity behavior of the BTO layer. There is substantial enhancement of the asymmetry in the device current that occurs at or close to temperatures T 2 ∼ 190 K where BTO shows a crystallographic phase change to the low temperature rhombohedral phase. The temperature dependent changes occur due to barrier modulation at the interfaces of AuCr/BaTiO3 as well as BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 that softens on cooling due to inhomogenities present there. The change in barrier on change of the bias direction has been observed below T 2 which arises from alignment of the polarization in-plane or out-of-plane as determined by tensile or compressive character of the in-plane strain in the BTO film. We also discuss the effect of space charge determined by the oxygen vacancies in the interface region, regulated by the applied bias.


The principle of the series active power filter is analyzed in this paper,and its control method is studied.The series active power filter is built into models and simulated by MATALAB,and the simulation is carried out.The simulation results indicate that the series active power filter has good harmonic compensation effect to voltage type harmonic source.


Aimed at the current status of surface water quality in Jiaozhou City,Shandong Province,the main components and sources of pollutants in water were analyzed,and the loads from various pollution sources were evaluated. It is considered that the non-point source pollution from living and production in rural area is the main reason for water pollution. The municipal and ecological projects such as water self-purification,sewage interception and ecological pollution reduction can prevent the pollution of water environment and realize the sustainable utilization of water resources.


A novel process for the fabrication of a gated silicon field emitter array is proposed. The process involves complete self-alignment of gate electrodes taking advantage of ion bombardment retarded etching. The ion-irradiated regions serve as masks for subsequent silicon etching resulting in the formation of tabletop structures. The structures are suitable for both the formation of pyramidal emitters and the arrangement of gate electrodes adjacent to each emitter. We integrate this silicon etching into a self-align process for the fabrication of gated emitter array. The emission characteristics of 100 emitters are tested, and the emission at a gate voltage of 30 V is detected. The results indicate that the proposed process is applicable to the fabrication of gated silicon emitters.


By introducing the definition of the classical gardens and analyzing the space organization and garden ornament of classical gardens,the paper points out that the classical garden exerted an effect on the modern interior design.


Rewritable discs based on Ge-Sn-Sb phase-change compositions that combine high crystallization rates with good archival life stability were designed. The crystallization rate can be varied from 2–16× digital versatile disc (DVD) speed by variation of phase-change composition. The rate increases with decreasing Ge concentration and is dependent on dopants. For high-speed discs based on these compositions, back growth is substantial, but can be diminished by designing an efficiently cooled stack. By doing so, phase-change optical recording at 10× DVD rewritable (+RW) with 9% multitrack jitter is demonstrated using a 2T-period-based write strategy.


This book written by Florence Bretelle-Establet and based on her thesis, is an innovative work which explores the health situation in three provinces of South China–Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong–at the end of the Empire and at the beginning of the Republic. The author has exploited particularly rich source materials: the health correspondence of French military doctors who were sent to southern China from 1898, as well as the local Chinese chronicles (difangzhi), in order to show the various ...


Cognitive activity realises one of the main functions of self-reflection and is a sum of not only cognitive but also emotional-volitional processes that cause the development of both subject (determination, activity, tenacity) and subjective (curiosity, personal meanings, cognitive needs) qualities of a person. Designing a concept of reflection-based pedagogical technology, the author relies on the technology's qualities, criteria, and structure: the conceptual basis, viewed as the technology's methodological foundation, the content, which includes goals, objectives, methods, and means of achieving the goals; the procedural part, which includes a system of methods, forms of education and studying, and diagnostic tools. In order to develop reflection-based pedagogical technology that could promote cognitive activity, a systemic model of activity was used; each component of this model was considered as a step in a single process. Through the use of this approach and with reliance on mechanisms of cognitive process, mechanisms through which self-reflection affects the cognitive activity of the subjects of learning activity were identified. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Mice sensitized with D‐galactosamine (GalN) and challenged with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) developed severe apoptotic and secondary necrotic liver injury as assessed by histology, measurement of cytosolic DNA fragments, and determination of liver specific enzymes in plasma. Pretreatment with recombinant human interleukin‐1β (IL‐1) rendered mice insensitive to this TNFα toxicity. Coadministration of the liver‐specific transcriptional inhibitor GalN with IL‐1 prevented the development of tolerance, implicating de novo synthesis of liver specific proteins in the induction of tolerance. Pretreatment of mice with IL‐1 resulted in elevated levels of nitrite/nitrate in serum and in enhanced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver cells isolated from these animals. In addition, pharmacological doses of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside conferred complete protection against TNFα‐induced liver injury in galactosamine‐sensitized mice, suggesting a possible link between IL‐1‐ and NO‐in‐duced protection. However, prevention of NO‐synthesis by NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (NMMA) did not abolish IL‐1‐induced tolerance to TNFα in vivo. Cytotoxicity of TNFα to isolated hepatocytes sensitized with actinomycin D (ActD) was not significantly altered by inhibition of endogenous nitrite release. Also, enhanced NO production elicited in vitro by glycerol trinitrate or ex vivo by pretreatment with IL‐1 had no significant effect in this system. We conclude that IL‐1‐ and NO‐induced protection of mice against TNFα‐mediated liver damage follow distinct pathways. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1829‐1837).


Background: The drugs normally used to combat food pathogens have some limitations, such as waste accumulation in the environment and bacterial resistance. Given this problem, alternative treatments, such as the use of essential oils, have been investigated. Essential oils containing linalool usually have high biological activity, despite this, few investigations have been dedicated to the biological activity of the essential oil of Aniba duckei, which has as major component linalool. Aim: In this work, we investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of Aniba duckei obtained by hydrodistillation. Methods: The leaves and branches of the species Aniba duckei were collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, in the morning. The essential oil was obtained by the hydrodistillation method and characterized by GC/MS gas chromatography to identify the major components present in the oil. Soon after, the biological activity of the essential oil was tested using the Bauer Kirby method. The strains tested were Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results and Discussion: The findings show that the major component of the oil is linalool. The most relevant secondary components are ?-terpineol, ?-copaene and ?-guaieno. As for biological activity, it was observed that the oil showed inhibition halos ranging from 10-22 mm, indicating strong activity against the microorganisms tested. Conclusions: The essential oil of Aniba duckei has potential for application as an antimicrobial agent.


In his answer to d'Alembert's article on Geneva published in the Encyclopedie, Rousseau discusses the traditional platonic problem of mimesis and moral justification of dramatic performances in order to reject the project of establishing a theatre in the small Swiss republic. In this paper, the author shows how strictly this problem was connected to a political one according to Rousseau's way of thinking: in a democratic nation, citizens' good morals must be preserved from the corruptive power of theatre in so far as it implies the introduction of idleness, bad emulation, and a liking for ostentation. Finally, the author stresses the fundamental importance Rousseau attaches, on the contrary, to civic feasts for maintenance of public good morals.


This study was conducted to investigate the influence of group expressive arts psychotherapy on children's creativity and emotional intelligence through use of picture books. The targets in the study were 12 children between 4-5 years old; six of the children were placed in the experimental group and six in the control group. The experimental group participated in the group expressive arts psychotherapy program from June 1, 2018 to July 11, 2018, twice a week for 60 minutes per session for a total of 12 times. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0; we also used Mann-Whitney U to identify homogeneity between the experimental group and the control group before the start of the program. Following the program, we looked for effects of the program using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The result of this study demonstrated that group expressive arts psychotherapy program through use of picture books positively influenced children's creativity and emotional intelligence and possessed potential to help children develop into a mature member of the society.


An indirect method has been developed for Ti(IV) determination at trace levels, by means of the formation of 11-molybdotitanophosphoric acid, its isolation with an organic solvent, stripping with alkali, and measurement of the Mo(VI) by its catalytic effect on the polarographic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A detection limit of 4.09 μg/liter can be achieved. The procedure has been applied successfully to a certified steel sample.


1 To investigate the role of long‐term stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the regulation of membrane potential, non‐contracting C2C12 myotubes were stimulated for 1–4 days with carbachol (10 μm) and membrane potentials were measured by the intracellular microelectrode technique after washing out of the drug. 2 The membrane potential (– 45.7 mV) gradually increased by 10.1 mV to − 55.8 mV during 4 days treatment, which was caused by enhanced electrogenic Na+/K+‐pumping. 3 The concentration‐dependent enhancement of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in long‐term carbachol‐treated myotubes (4 days, EC50 = 5.3 μm) was prevented by co‐treatment with the competitive nicotinic AChR antagonist, pancuronium but not by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. 4 Enhanced Na+/K+‐ATPase activity still developed in carbachol‐stimulated myotubes during cotreatment (4 days) with the nicotinic AChR‐channel blocker, chlorpromazine (1 μm). Membrane depolarization as such, obtained by incubation in high K+ medium (40 mm, 4 days) did not enhance Na+/K+‐ATPase activity. 5 Non‐treated myotubes possessed a high‐affinity ouabain binding site (Kd = 119 nm) in association with the low Na+/K+‐pumping activity. Long‐term stimulation of myotubes (4 days) with carbachol or with a combination of carbachol and chlorpromazine was accompanied by the development of an additional low‐affinity ouabain binding site (Kd = 13 μm). 6 Binding of monoclonal antibodies directed against either α1‐ or α2‐subunit of Na+/K+‐ATPase were both increased in myotubes treated with carbachol (4 days). 7 These results support the concept that nicotinic AChRs regulate Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, independent of the functionality of the receptor‐operated ion‐channel.


The utility model discloses a fuel injection pump for a diesel engine. The fuel injection pump for the diesel engine comprises a pump body, a camshaft and a timing device, wherein the camshaft is horizontally arranged in the pump body. The fuel injection pump further comprises a timing pin, a timing device cover plate and a timing device tightening cap. A long section of the timing pin is inserted in a timing pin insertion opening to clamp the camshaft, blocking flanges are blocked on a timing pin stopping opening of the timing device cover plate, the timing device tightening cap is tubular, one end of the timing device tightening cap is sealed, the other end of the timing device tightening cap is in threaded connection with a port on the outer side of the timing pin insertion opening of the timing device cover plate and presses the blocking flanges of the timing pin from the outer side, and the timing pin is fixed on the timing device cover plate. The fuel injection pump for the diesel engine is simple and reasonable in structure, the phase position between the fuel injection pump camshaft and a crankshaft can be accurately determined through a timing mechanism to guarantee that the fuel injection pump sprays diesel at the moment of top dead center compression by a piston, and efficiency of assembling the fuel injection pump for the diesel engine and a diesel engine body is improved.


The dynamic equations of a manipulator are modeled by a system of second-order nonlinear differential equations with its kinematic and dynamic parameters. On the basis of this model, the manipulator can be controlled in a strict way by compensating all dynamic torques/forces consist of inertial, centrifugal, Coriolis, and frictional effects. However, since these dynamic torques/forces are highly complex functions of joint positions and velocities, the computational burden for evaluating these torques is significant. Further, the Cartesian-space control, in which positions and velocities are controlled directly in Cartesian work space, requires considerable amount of additional computations for inverse kinematics. Hence it has been difficult to implement the realtime model-based control with conventional commercially available microprocessors.This paper presents a real-time implemetation scheme of Cartesian-space nonlinear feedback control based on a new parallel computation scheme called Resolved Newton-Euler algorithm. Some experiments on the basic three joints of the PUMA 560 manipulator are also reported by using a parallel processing system with multiple microprocessors. A sampling period of 0.79 msec is achieved and fairly good control performances are obtained.


An <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>3/2</supscrpt>√α(<italic>n</italic>)) time algorithm is presented for finding a <italic>minimum-weight matching</italic> of a set of 2<italic>n</italic> points lying on the boundary of a convex polygon, where α(<italic>n</italic>) is the functional inverse of the Ackerman's function. Generalizing this result, we obtain an <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>3/2</supscrpt> log<italic>n</italic>√α(<italic>n</italic>)) time algorithm for the minimum-weight matching of points lying on the boundary of a simple nonconvex polygon, where we require that the line segments joining the matched pairs be contained within the polygon. We also consider the <italic>maximum-weight</italic> matching problem, and obtain algorithms of complexities <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>) and <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic> log <italic>n</italic>) for the convex and the nonconvex case, respectively. By contrast, finding a weighted matching of an arbitrary set of points takes <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic><supscrpt>5/2</supscrpt> log<supscrpt>4</supscrpt> <italic>n</italic>) time [Vaidya 1987].


Many claims are made for the role of research in development, their proponents divided very broadly into those who focus on its potential influence on policy and those more concerned with its impact on practical outcomes. A further divide exists between 'professional' researchers, whose careers and reputation are dependent on what they produce, versus those who emphasise a more iterative approach, among whom there are many co-producers, including people with no academic ambitions or credentials, none of them claiming sole ownership. And of course there are all sorts of researchers or knowledge-brokers who cross over these boundaries, or fall between them. Central to such considerations are the familiar questions of whose knowledge matters, but also how such knowledge is packaged and for what purpose(s) it is intended. An example from my own experience will serve as illustration. We now know that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has, among other things, undermined Mexico's previous self-reliance in the production of staple grains and accelerated the decline of subsistence and self-provisioning agriculture. These processes were already well under way in the far more fragile Central American states in the mid-1980s, although peasant farmers' unions were barely aware of the inexorable shift away from predominantly agrarian economies, and were certainly in no position to see the whole picture. Academic research into the cattle and maize sectors brought these issues to light, but not of course in a form that could be comprehended outside academic departments of economics. The researchers were passionately concerned to convey their findings to the people most affected, via unions representing the rights and interests of peasant farming communities. It is rare, however, that academics – in addition, in this case, foreigners – can communicate their findings in a way that semi-literate rural communities can readily understand and act upon. Most researchers have difficulty even in producing the 'one-side-of-A4' that government officials and policy makers require. Rather than pretending that it was feasible to expect them to do this, a two-pronged approach was taken. On the one hand, a local journalist published a series of newspaper articles highlighting the findings and their implications, which he followed up with interviews with politicians and government officials – effectively sensitising urban public opinion and also creating the environment for social mobilisation. On the other hand, the essential facts were portrayed in narrative form and used as post-literacy material for participants in the union's adult-literacy campaign, serving the dual purpose of provoking new thinking about how they should strategise (specifically, whether it still made sense to promote land seizures, often violent affairs) and creating material that would really engage new readers' interest and thus reinforce their literacy. Nobody would claim that agrarian policies turned around as a result: political and economic forces had always been stacked against such a utopian outcome. But what is clear is that a range of communicators needed to be engaged from the beginning, not to 'dumb down' or sensationalise, but


For reliable operation on urban roads, navigation using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) requires both accurately estimating the positioning detail from GNSS pseudorange measurements and determining when the estimated position is safe to use, or available. However, multiple GNSS measurements in urban environments contain biases, or faults, due to signal reflection and blockage from nearby buildings which are difficult to mitigate for estimating the position and availability. This paper proposes a novel particle filter-based framework that employs a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) likelihood of GNSS measurements to robustly estimate the position of a navigating vehicle under multiple measurement faults. Using the probability distribution tracked by the filter and the designed GMM likelihood, we measure the accuracy and the risk associated with localization and determine the availability of the navigation system at each time instant. Through experiments conducted on challenging simulated and real urban driving scenarios, we show that our method achieves small horizontal positioning errors compared to existing filter-based state estimation techniques when multiple GNSS measurements contain faults. Furthermore, we verify using several simulations that our method determines system availability with smaller probability of false alarms and integrity risk than the existing particle filter-based integrity monitoring approach.


tive, and (IV) recommendations as to sanctions. In this perspective it has to be admitted that until now control activities have been restricted to Phase (I). Further progress will depend upon the overall evolution of the Protocol, which includes harmonization of the various obligations contained in the amendments, and on the ability and willingness of certain developing countries (mainly Asia) to abide fully by their substantive obligations after the end of the respective grace periods. Compliance, like discipline in our daily life, is disliked by many, although both are necessary for the common good. The Montreal Protocol, a landmark in many respects, has embarked upon a course toward compliance control, which is only in its early stages. But it has also served as a source of inspiration for similar undertakings in such related areas as climate change and sulphur emissions. In the long run some kind of compliancecontrol "culture" is likely to emerge, provided that the governments concerned have established a relationship of confidence vis-a-vis the respective mechanisms.


The scale effects of form factor, wake field and resistance components are investigated by RANS method in this paper. DTMB5415, KCS and KVLCC2 with double-model flows and free-surface flows are studied at different scales. Considering the validation and verification, different grids and time step are used to calculate flows around ship at identical Reynolds number. Double-model flows of the three ships at different scales are calculated to study the scale effects of the viscous resistance components, form factors and wake field. The calculated viscous and friction resistance coefficients show a decreasing tendency against Reynolds number among all three ships. Viscous pressure resistance coefficient decreases with Reynolds number and obviously relies on hull form. Form factor shows a positive correlation with Reynolds number, moreover when above Re=109 it will converge to a constant value. The computed mean axial wake fractions decrease with increasing Reynolds number. On the other hand, the free-surface flows of the three ships at different scales are calculated to study scale effects of total and wave resistance. Total resistance coefficient decreases with an increasing Reynolds number, on the contrary, the wave resistance coefficient increases with an increasing Reynolds number.


In the context of the steady global trend of population ageing, social work with the elderly is becoming increasingly important. Solving problems of the elderly is becoming one of the most important tasks facing society and state social service institutions. To solve problems of the elderly there are various social service agencies, diverse innovative technologies are developed and implemented. However, despite all the efforts of the state and society to maintain the quality of life of the elderly, many elderly citizens find themselves alone and deprived of the care of their families due to various circumstances. Hence, there is a need to develop new forms of life arrangement for elderly people who need care and assistance. On the territory of the Irkutsk region, it is necessary to work with foster families to help elderly citizens, namely support them during the adaptation period. Therefore, in order to provide assistance to members of a foster family for an elderly person, a number of recommendations were made on the basis of domestic experience, and a social project «Support of a Foster Family for Elderly Citizens» was developed. This project can be implemented in a social institution.


From the structures of isolated protein complexes to the molecular dynamics of whole cells, neutron methods can achieve a resolution in complex systems that is inaccessible to other techniques. Biology is fortunate in that it is rich in water and hydrogen, and this allows us to exploit the differential sensitivity of neutrons to this element and its major isotope, deuterium. Furthermore, neutrons exhibit wave properties that allow us to use them in similar ways to light, X-rays and electrons. This review aims to explain the basics of biological neutron science to encourage its greater use in solving difficult problems in the life sciences.


Polyethylene (PE) is widely used as packaging materials in the form of plastic bags. After end-use, some of these plastic bags are not properly disposed and may persist in different kinds of environment. Oxo-biodegradable plastics are PE films incorporated with pro-oxidants to promote degradation. As part of the continuing study, changes on the tensile properties of oxo-biodegradable PE plastic bags immersed in alkaline solution at 60 °C are investigated. The effects of colorant additive (varied at two levels) and thickness (varied at three levels) on tensile properties of PE films are reported. Specifically, the tensile strength [MPa], strain at break [%], and elastic modulus [MPa] are monitored with time. It is observed that films undergo degradation which is exhibited by a decrease in all tensile properties after 1008 hours of immersion in alkaline solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the initial tensile strength and elastic modulus, as well as the strain at break and elastic modulus after 1008 hours of immersion, are all affected by colorant additive.


An acoustic homing torpedo having an array of transducers wherein each transducer has a head mass, tail mass, and a main active element therebetween. An auxiliary active element is placed on the tail mass so that when given a predetermined signal it will cause the main element to provide a corresponding output signal so as to simulate the reception of an actual acoustic wave. By energizing the main element, the response of the auxiliary element may be examined for testing the transducer and the array in a transmit mode of operation.


A 2 C.P.S. long-range H-F spin-spin coupling has been observed over fire saturated bonds in 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichloro-3-phenyl-3-metliylcyclobutane, involving one of the fluorines at the 1-position and the protons of the 3-methyl group. Comparison of the spectrum with that of stereospecifically labeled 4-deuterio derivatives suggests that the fluorine involved in the long-range coupling is the one cis to the methyl group.


Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the most important computing technologies for the future and will be the alternative candidate for current CMOS technology. QCA is attracting a lot of researchers due to many features such as high speed, small size, and low power consumption. QCA has two main building blocks (majority gate and inverter) used for design any Boolean function. QCA also has an inherent capability that used to design many important gates such as XOR and Multiplexer in optimal form without following any Boolean function. This paper presents a novel design 2:1 QCA-Multiplexer in two forms. The proposed design is very simple, highly efficient and can be used to produce many logical functions. The proposed design output comes from the inherent capabilities of quantum technology. New 4:1 QCA-Multiplexer has been built using the proposed structure. The output waveforms showed the wonderful performance of the proposed design in terms of the number of cells, area, and latency.


Objective To investigate the popularity and distribution of Paragonimus in Lechang,Guangdong provice.Method More than 1 700 snails and 88 crabs were collected form Dadong Country in Lechang.Cercariae and metacercariae of Paragonimus were detected.One domestic cat was inoculated artificially with detected matacercariae,and its facet samples were collected for Paragonimus eggs detection.The cat was identified as Paragonimus-positive and adults of Paragonimus were detected.Results Infection ratio of Paragonimus in snails was 0.58‰(1 / 1 700)and the species of snails were identified as Semisulcospira libertine.The infection ratio of Paragonimus matacercariae in crabs was 38.09%(32 / 84),and the species of crabs was identified as Sinopotamon pinheense.Four adults of P.w were found in the domestic cat inoculated with Paragonimus.Conclusions Dadong Country Lecheng County in Lechang city was considered to be a high infectious focus of Paragonimus(Grade Ⅱ)for the first time.Special attention should be paid by local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,related medical organizations and the government.


How to balance the diversity and convergence plays an important role on the performance of a multiobjective evolutionary optimizer. Due to the loss of selection pressure and the exponential expansion in the high-dimensional objective space, it is even more difficult for an optimizer to balance between convergence and diversity for a many-objective optimization problem. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a cache mechanism to improve the convergence and a coverage-based method for maintaining better diversity. Based on these two mechanisms, a many-objective evolutionary algorithm is further proposed. The experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


A the various modalities available for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the most effective. Nevertheless, there are many factors that limit its usage including the cost, practicality, need for training and acceptance. Even those patients who accept to use CPAP initially may not comply with it later on. Possible reasons include difficulty tolerating high air flow and pressure especially during exhalation, intolerance of the interface, claustrophobia, and nasal irritation.1 No study has assessed the acceptance and hence compliance to CPAP therapy in Saudi patients with OSA. Additionally, limited data are available in the literature comparing compliance to CPAP therapy in men and women. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the initial acceptance of CPAP titration in the sleep disorders center (SDC) as well as later compliance to treatment in Saudi patients with OSA, and to explore possible gender differences. We included 148 Saudi women, and 169 Saudi men with OSA who underwent split night study, during which the final portion of the polysomnography (PSG) was used to titrate CPAP using C-FLEX (REM Star auto-CPAP Respironics, Inc., Murrysville, PA, USA), at the SDC of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2006 and December 2007. Pressure titration was considered according to a described protocol.2 Obstructive sleep apnea was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD 2005). The study was approved by the ethics committee. Continuous positive airway pressure was considered initially accepted if the patient completed the titration trial in the SDC under PSG recording and described his/her sleep on CPAP as being good and was willing to use it at home. Those who refused the titration trial or continued but were still not satisfied with the machine were considered as not accepting it. Afterward, those who initially accepted to use the machine during split night study and bought it were followed up in the sleep clinic 3 months later. The number of patients who reported using CPAP at home for at least 4 hours/night for 5 or more nights per week was recorded. All CPAP machines were provided with heated humidifier. The mean age of the study group was 54.5±11.8 years for women and 43.5±12.5 years for men (p<0.001). Their body mass index was 42.1±9.7 for women and 37.3±9.8 for men (P<0.001). Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) was 10.5 in both groups. The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 56.5±41.7/hour in women and 61.6 ± 34.9/hour in men (p=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in arousal index, desaturation index, lowest recorded saturation or time spent during sleep with saturation <90% between men and women (Table 1). Continuous positive airway pressure titration was initially accepted by 266 patients (83.9%) of the total study group. More men accepted the CPAP titration trial in the SDC than women (p=0.008) (Table 1). At the end of follow up (3 months), 124 patients (39% of all patients who underwent split night study) reported using CPAP at least 4 hours/night for 5 or more nights per week with higher compliance among men compared to women, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (43.7% of men versus 33.7% of women, p=0.09). In the present report, the overall percentage of Saudi subjects who reported using CPAP at 3 months (39%) was lower than that reported by patients in other countries; 79% in Europeans, and 72% in Chinese.3,4 Additionally, the present study demonstrates that initial CPAP acceptance during titration was significantly lower in women compared to men. Similarly, there was a trend of lower usage at 3 months among women compared to men. Female gender has been reported previously to be a predictor of poor CPAP compliance. Females were also more likely to refuse the initiation of CPAP therapy.5 The lower compliance in women in our study could be related to their older age and their significantly lower AHI. However, social and cultural factors could Brief Communication


Here we present a phenotypic description of a male child with trisomy 8p resulting from a maternal balanced reciprocal translocation. The patient presented with dysmorphic face, aplasia of the corpus callosum, and atrophy of cortex, congenital heart defect and marked hypotonia. The father had a normal karyotype. The mother had an apparently balanced translocation involving chromosomes 8 and 13 [46, XX, t(8;13)(p11.2;p12)]. The karyotype of the child was ascertained as 46, XY, der(13)t(8;13)(p11.2;p12). This is the second reported case of trisomy 8p resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. The chromosomal breakpoints in the two cases differed.


In order to deal with the limitation during the register transfer level verification,a new function verification methodology of SoC system level which is based on random testing is proposed and established in this article.Specifically, testbench for system level verification according to the new methodology is designed using modeling language.Moreover,test cases for the system level testbench is generated according to the mechanism of randomization.The result of test sequences testified that functions for the system level can be validated completely and more functional errors can be found in the ear- lier SoC design cycles compared with register transfer level.


This paper reports rail demand forecasting models which operate at two levels. One focuses on strategic issues applicable to large sections of the network as a whole and the other focuses on individual rail flows. The former accounts for fares, including competition between different tickets, rail service quality, cross-modal competition and a range of socio-economic variables and is used to produce forecasts over a 30 year horizon. The latter additionally deals with population and catchment areas around stations and hence supports a more detailed analysis of socio-economic variables. The results for the 81 policy tests show a considerable variation across flow categories and tests, varying from a small decline to a four-fold increase in rail demand in Britain by 2031.


The spinel LiMn 2O 4 was prepared by solid state coordination method which has never been reported heretofore.The thermal analysis of the coordination precursor and the dependence of LiMn 2O 4 performance on the calcination temperature and lithium content as well as the quantity of citric acid were discussed in detail.It proved that this method had many advantages over the traditional high temperature solid state reaction method on such aspects as the synthetic temperature,calcination duration and particle size and its homogeneity,etc.


Phytochemicalsare active secondary plant metabolites responsible for most of the claimed medicinal activities of plants. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is one of those plants that possess these phytochemicals and claimed to possess medicinal activities on various ailments. The phytochemicals constituents of various parts of this plant were investigated using standard methods of phytochemicals screening in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Qualitative screening revealed that tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones were present in aqueous extract of all the parts of the plant, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were absent. On the other hand, tannins and steroids were present in the ethanolic extract of all the parts of the plant, while saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were present only in some parts of the plant. However, glycosides and anthraquinone were absent in all the ethanolic extracts. The quantitative screening revealed large amount of saponins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts across the various parts of the plant. Whereas small amount of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were found only in the ethanolic extract of some parts of the plant. The presence of these phytochemicals in Eucalyptus camaldulensis could therefore justify the applications of the plant in management and curing of various ailments as claimed traditionally.


Biological treatment of textile industry wastewaters (WW) is used only exceptionally, mostly when biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD5) must be decreased and the reduction level exceeds 60%. It is also advisable to add at least 50% of municipal sewage to textile industry WW. However, it should be notid that despite such precautions, operational difficulties caused by the uneven flow of loads of specific impurities (including toxic pollutants) which are not normally encountered in municipal sewage treatment must be overcome. Additionally, textile industry WW are characterised by a great variability of composition, which results not only from the multiphase nature of most technological processes but also from the chemicals used and the composition of the processed textile raw materials.


A new technique that combines nonphotochemical hole burning with multichannel detected fluorescence line narrowing has been used to obtain vibrationally resolved fluorescence spectra of squaraine chromophores in polymer matrices at 1.4 K. At a fixed excitation frequency, the intensities of the zero-phonon lines decay with time due to nonphotochemical hole burning, leaving behind a broader background attributed to emission from molecules excited into phonon sidebands. Subtracting the spectrum of the hole-burned sample from the initial one leaves predominantly a zero-phonon line excited spectrum exhibiting enhanced vibrational structure. Spectra of the same squaraine in polystyrene and polyethylene matrices show differences in the frequencies and intensities of the phonon sidebands, indicating differences in the frequencies and strengths of the matrix modes coupled to the electronic transition of the chromophore. The phonon densities of states inferred through different measurement techniques are compared and related to electronic dephasing rates.


The basic structure of an engineering approach for the control of distributed parameter systems will be presented in the scope of this tutorial. This method is based on numerical models of technological and manufacturing processes, represented as lumped input and distributed parameter output systems. Decomposition of dynamics and control synthesis into temporal and spatial components will be introduced along with distributed parameter open loop control and feedback control loops. Moreover, the basic software support called DPS Blockset for Simulink, a third-party software product of The MathWorks Company will be demonstrated along with some results of control of secondary cooling in continuous casting of steel.


All National Science Foundation funded MRSEC centers have education, outreach and community service as one of their major objectives. The Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM) takes this commitment very seriously. PCCM runs a full slate of education activities including a host of Pre-college science and engineering programs and a research experience for undergraduates and teachers program each summer. Our outreach programs are designed to increase awareness, appreciation and knowledge of materials science. Liberty Science Center (LSC) in Jersey City, New Jersey and the Strange Matter traveling exhibit allowed PCCM to expand its outreach program to include tens of thousands of family audience members. LSC gets 1000's of visitors each weekend, and has expertise in communicating with this audience. Princeton University scientists have expertise in materials science. This partnership required coordination between the LSC staff and the PCCM outreach director in facilitating the training and presentations by faculty and other scientists from Princeton. Together we developed a program that sent over 30 scientists from Princeton University to the liberty science center to offer their enthusiasm for material science to the public. Scientists can reach a much larger audience at a science center than at their home institutions. This can be repeated anywhere in the country where there are science centers is and university research centers willing to work together.


Potential-field data of Ibadan sheet was processed to interpret the subsurface geology and estimate the depth to basement sources in order to evaluate and deduce structural lineaments, basement configuration trends. Aeromagnetic data were acquired, filtered, inverted, and enhanced using appropriate software packages to generate a model of the subsurface topography. The Butterwort ANALYSIS 53(264), December 1, 2017 Discovery ISSN 2278–5469 EISSN 2278–5450


A single high-fat meal (HFM) can increase systemic inflammation (postprandial inflammation; PPI) and may be attenuated by recent exercise. However, the effect of preprandial exercise on PPI in older adults (OA) is not clear. Purpose: To determine if preprandial exercise attenuates PPI in YA and OA. Methods: 12 YA (23.3±3.9 years n= 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (67.7±6 years, n= 8 M/4 F) completed two HFM challenges in a randomized order. During HFM alone, participants abstained from exercise 48 hours prior to the HFM session (except for the exercise session) and adhered to a 12 hour overnight fast. Baseline measurements were taken immediately before participants consumed the HFM (12 kcals/kg BW: 57% fat, 39% CHO, 4% PRO), and then again three and six hours postprandially. In exercise + HFM (EX+HFM) participants performed exercise at a heart rate that corresponded to 65% VO2Peak until caloric expenditure matched 75% of the caloric content of the HFM, then adhered to a 12 hour overnight fast before consuming the HFM. Results: All markers of inflammation were lower at three hours postprandially regardless of condition or age(p<0.05). Furthermore, IL-10 (93% of baseline) and TNFα (88% of baseline) remained below baseline concentrations at six hours (p<0.05) while IL-6, IL8, and IL-1β increased back to baseline levels (p>0.05). TNFα was greater in OA at baseline compared to YA (p<0.05), but not at three or six hours postprandially (p>0.05). There was no difference in inflammation between HFM and EX+HFM at any time point (p>0.05). Conclusion: Contrary to our hypotheses, a HFM did not elicit PPI in YA or OA. Additionally, exercise did not impact inflammation at any timepoint. Future work should be performed on the PPI response and the effect of preprandial exercise on individuals already afflicted with inflammation related diseases.


Abstract The enzyme oxidizing cysteamine to hypotaurine has been extracted from horse kidney and purified. The final product behaves as a single protein when analyzed in the ultracentrifuge, by starch gel electrophoresis, and by filtration on dextran gels. The sedimentation coefficient of the pure product is s20, w = 5.9. The molecular weight determined by the Yphantis procedure (22) is 83,000. Nonheme iron is contained in the amount of 1 atom per molecule of enzyme. Spectrophoto-metric analyses indicate absence of nonprotein chromophores in the visible and in the near ultraviolet range. The complete amino acid composition has been determined by ion exchange chromatography. The effect of sulfide, methylene blue, and hydroxylamine, which act as cofactor-like compounds, has been studied. Of the substrates assayed (cysteamine, cysteine, cysteine ethyl and methyl esters, and reduced glutathione), only cysteamine is oxidized to the sulfinic derivative in the presence of the cofactor-like compounds named.


This paper analyzes the status quo and problems of students'english reading,expounds the functions of library documents and the status of school library.How to lead the students to make full use of the document in library to widen the range of reading and to improve reading ability during the period of teaching is also discussed.


The present invention relates to a mobile telephone to a computer user to automatically log on to the system and method for a computer system. A subscriber identity module (SIM) is introduced into the computer system, the computer system so that the SIM associated with the computer user. SIM is then inserted into the mobile telephone. When the mobile telephone turned on, prompting the user to enter a personal identification number (PIN). When the user wants to log in to the computer system, the user establishes a communication channel between the mobile telephone and the computer. The mobile telephone exchange and the identification information of the computer and the computer user to automatically log on to the computer system.


Almost all carcinostatic chemicals are also cytostatic for normal proliferating cells, and dosage levels necessary to attain tumor lethal effects, or tumor inhibi tion, often cause cytolethal effects on the bone marrow, the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract and other rapidly dividing cells. These are the tissues which are also most radiosensitive, and, consequently, it is not surprising that the simultaneous application of chemotherapy and radiation therapy results in increased toxicity, unless the dose of either modality is reduced. The manifestations of this toxicity are expressions of increased bone marrow depression with low white blood cell and platelet count, reduced red cell count and hemoglobin, with or without bleeding, stomatitis, mucositis and erythema, dermatitis, alopecia with anorexia, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (sometimes with crampy pains and bloody mucus). Patients with severe bone marrow depression become susceptible to infections such as bronchopneumonia, septicemia, peritonitis, enteritis, etc., and thrombocytopenia predisposes to melena, hematuria, menorrhagia, epistaxis, petechiae and ecchymoses. After repeated courses of FU and radiation for their patients FALKSON (79) observed transverse and melanotic striations of the skin and changes in the nail growth coinciding with the administration of the metabolic inhibitors. Light sensitivity and hyperpigmentation were observed in about 50 per cent of the patients. DOGGETT et coll. (67) observed desquamation of the epithelium of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet and transverse growth arrest lines in the fingernails after intraarterial infusion of BUdR, suggesting remote toxic effects. Temporary epilation in the infused field was observed regularly. The toxic manifestations vary depending on the agent used and the region irradiated, the size of the field, the daily doses of chemicals and radiation, me thod of administration, quality of radiation and other factors.


This paper derives from a LARR-sponsored forum at the LASA 2003 Congress held in Dallas in March 2003. Targeted at younger scholars, a panel of leading researchers whose early work was shaped by marginality and dependency thinking of the 1960s were ...


Drugs circulation channels are not only related to the drug industry development, but also the human health and safety, therefore, the implementation of government supervision on drug circulation channel is one of the key content of the social and economic regulation. This paper established a basic model of drug circulation channel of government supervision, and tried to seek and explore a more effective government supervision mode on the drug circulation channel by model analysis and specific cases analysis.


Antibodies to the gamma aminobutyric acid-B receptor (Anti-GABA-B-R) encephalitis is an uncommon subtype of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in which IgG antibodies directed against the B1 subunit of the GABA-B-R has been described. Clinically it presents as limbic encephalitis (LE) which is characterized by seizures, psychosis, and memory loss with progression to autonomic dysfunction, altered consciousness and death. We present a case of an elderly male who presented in the ER due to progressive agitation, confusion, and irritability. Immunological workup revealed anti GABA-B-R antibody and anti Hu. After admission his consciousness rapidly deteriorated over the next few days, and he was incubated. The patient developed septic shock and due to poor prognosis, the patient's family requested withdrawal of ventilatory support.


A dynamic foraging task On each trial, the subject makes a saccade toward a target. Rewards are assigned to fast and slow latencies at rates that are independent and stochastic. Once assigned, a reward remains available until collected. Saccadic reaction time distributions are strongly affected by reinforcement (Madelain et al, 2007); we now ask whether saccade latencies could match reinforcement proportions in a concurrent schedule.


ACETYLCHOLINE receptors (AChR) are postsynaptic membrane proteins involved in the binding of this transmitter released from presynaptic nerve terminals. These proteins are present in high concentrations in cholinergically innervated tissues (e.g. electric organs of fish and skeletal muscle; for reviews see HALL, 1972; RANG, 1975). Receptor proteins purified from these sources have been shown to be relatively large glycoproteins (MEUNIER et al., 1974; MAITSSON & HEILBRONN, 1975; VANDLEN et al., 1976; RAFTERY et a[., 1976; BROCKES & HALL, 1975). Recentpudies have demonstrated the presence of AChR in rat brain and reported the partial purification of rat brain nicotinic AChR (nAChR) by affinity chromatography, using a-cobratoxin as the affinity ligand (MCQUARRIE et al., 1976; SALVATERRA & MAHLER, 1976). Because the purified receptor from brain was found to exhibit hydrodynamic and toxin binding properties similar to the analogous proteins from muscle, eel, and Torpedo, it was of interest to determipe whether it was a glycoprotein as well. The small amounts of purified protein available from this source, together with its possible heterogeneity made direct carbohydrate analysis impracticable. Therefore, studies of its interaction with a variety of plant lectins were used as an alternate approach to investigate its glycoprotein nature. Lectins, a group of proteins possessing unique affinities for carbohydrates (LIS & SHARON, 1973) have found extensive use in the characterization of both membrane-bound and soluble glycoproteins (ROBIN & BURGER, 1974; GURD & MAHLER, 1974; GURD, 1976; ERSSON & P O R A ~ , 1974), and the interaction of a protein with one or more lectins is itself indicative of the association of a carbohydrate prosthetic group(s) with that protein. In the present paper we report that rat brain nAChR interacts with the lectins Concanavalin A (Con A) (specific for a-methyl-D-mannopyranoside residues), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (N'acetyl-~-glucosamine) and castor bean (Ricinus communis; D-galactose and N'acetyl-D-galactosamine) (LIS & SHARON, 1973) thus establishing the glycoprotein nature of this protein. A preliminary report of this work has been presented (SALVATERRA et al., 1976).


We present a substantial generalisation of a classical result by Lie on integrability by quadratures. Namely, we prove that all vector fields in a finite-dimensional transitive and solvable Lie algebra of vector fields on a manifold can be integrated by quadratures.


Meson exchange contributions have been suggested as one class of medium effects which might explain the continuing discrepancy between experimental results and theoretical predictions for K+-nucleus scattering. These exchange effects are negligible for near-forward K+-deuteron scattering because of the large size of the deuteron, but at large angles they might be expected to be significant compared to the weak double scattering. Detailed calculations, however, show that the quadrupole and magnetic contributions from single scattering are large enough to dominate both double scattering and exchange contributions even at large momentum transfers. The exchange contributions become significant only if the target deuteron is highly aligned so that the single scattering contributions are greatly reduced.