Field tests were conducted during Aug/Sept 1989 of the second generation of a laser/fiber optic fluororneter attached to a microstructure proffling instrurnent (Rapid Sampling Vertical Profiler - RSVP). This instrumentation is designed to provide centirneter-scale biological measurements coincident with and at the same sampling frequency as those for temperature, conductivity, and horizontal velocity microstructure. The instrument used during the summer of 1989 employed a 200m dual fiber system, SMA optical fiber connectors used underwater, and an optrode (12mm diameter) containing two fibers, GRIN lenses, and filters. Shipboard laser excitation (488nrn or 514nm) was transmitted down a 2OOtm core excitation fiber, and the fluorescence emission spectrum returned via a 400pm core detection fiber to a shipboard multichannel array detector. Fluorescence emission spectra were acquired 30 times per second at an instrument drop rate of approximately 60 cm per second.


Objective of the present survey is to study the impact of knowledge management processes on organizational learning increase in pp.r pipe and fittings production Industrial. Therefore, it has been tried to examine the impact of key knowledge management processes (knowledge identification, knowledge dissemination, knowledge codification, knowledge transparency and knowledge reconstruction) on organizational learning increase through proposing appropriate hypotheses. This survey has been conducted using descriptive-field method and is of correlation type. The statistical population included employees and managers of companies in pp.r pipe and fittings production industrial. Descriptive statistics methods were used for data analysis to explain respondents' characteristics and correlation method and one-sample t-test were used to study the hypotheses. Obtained results illustrate all key knowledge management processes are effective on organizational learning increase. [Allameh SM, Nekoui Brojeni Z, Khazaei Pool J. Studying the Influence of Knowledge Management Processes on Organizational Learning in Pp.r Pipe and Fittings Production Industrial. J Am Sci 2012;8(9):656-664]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 90


Until recently chemotherapy had been used in the management of head and neck carcinoma only for the palliation of recurrent or metastatic disease. However, results of earlier trials of palliative chemotherapy indicate that higher response rates and longer durations of response are achieved with chemotherapy in previously untreated patients than in patients with recurrent disease following surgery or radiotherapy (Randolph et al. 1978; Amer et al. 1980; Sealy and Helman, 1972). A prospective study was carried out to investigate the efficacy and feasability of conducting an out-patient chemotherapeutic regime in our environment, in which toxic reactions would appear to be enhanced in patients with a poor nutritional status, in the presence of advanced disease. Such a regime will also overcome the limitations of hospitalisation in terms of bed availability.


The presumed pair relationships of intercontinental vicariad species in the Podophyllum group (Sinopodophyllum hexandrum vs. Podophyllum pelatum and Diphylleia grayi vs. D. cymosa) were recently, considered to be paraphyletic. In the present paper, the trnL-F and ITS gene sequences of the representatives were used to examine the sister relationships of these two vicariad species. A heuristic parsimony analysis based on the trnLF data identified Diphylleia as the basal clade of the other three genera, but provided poor resolution of their inter-relationships. High sequence divergence was found in the ITS data. ITS1 region, more variable but parsimonyuninformative. has no phylogenetic value, Sequence divergence of the ITS2 region provided abundant, phylogenetically informative variable characters. Analysis of ITS2 sequences confirmeda sister relationship between the presumable vicariad species, in spite of a low bootstrap support for Sinopodophyllum hexandrum vs. Podophyllum pelatum. The combined ITS2 and trnL-F data enforced a sister relationship between Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophyllum pelatum with an elevated bootstrap support of 100%. Based on molecular phylogeny, the morphological evolution of this group was discussed. The self-pollination might have evolved from cross-fertilization two times in this group. The different pollination and seed dispersal systems of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophlyllum pelatum resulted from their adaptations to different ecological habitats. The divergence time of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum-Podophyllum pelatum is estimated to be 6.52+/-1.89 myr based on the ITS divergence. The divergence of this species pair predated or co-occurred with the recent uplift of the Himalayas 4-3 myr during the late Miocene and the formation of the alpine habitats. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum developed a host of specialized characters in its subsequent adaptation to the arid alpine surroundings. The present study confirmed the different patterns of species relationship between Asian-North American disjuncts. The isolation of plant elements between North America and eastern Asia must have been a gradual process, resulting in the different phylogenetic patterns and divergence times of the disjuncts.


This study aimed to determine the efficiency of production factors of land, seed fertilizer, and labor in rice farming. The experiment was conducted in the village of North Mopuya, sub district of North Dumoga, District of North Bolaang Mongondow with consideration of rice production center, which lasted for three months from September to November 2010. Data obtained from 33 farmers on land strata. The model used in this study the Cobb-Douglass production function, then the data is processed and analyzed using SPSS. The economic efficiency of use of each factor is calculated by using the ratio of the value of marginal product of input Xi with input prices.
The results showed the production factors of land, seed fertilizer, and labor, the effects together or partial significantly to rice production in the village of North Mopuya. The use of production factors of land, fertilizer and inefficient labor, the addition of the production factors of land, fertilizer and labor can still be made, while the use of seed production factors are not efficient, to increase the use of reduced seed production by planting 1-3 seeds per planting hole.


Abstract. 1 Males of Hermetia comstocki Williston compete for territorial control of certain agaves and yuccas. Winners copulate with females that visit these plants solely to acquire a mate. 2 Males vary in body weight by more than an order of magnitude and larger flies almost always defeat smaller ones in aerial contests for control of landmark territories. 3 The mean body size (as measured by wing‐length) was significantly greater for males retaining residency at a site for at least one hour compared to males unable to do so. Likewise, males able to return to a perch site in the study area on more than one day were larger on average than males unable to do so. 4 Male preferences for landmark territories remained similar across years. Large males dominated the perch landmarks most likely to be occupied by males and most likely to be visited by females. 5 Despite the fighting and territorial advantages enjoyed by large males, the mean size of males found mating with females was not significantly larger than that of the general population. 6 The apparent failure of large males to secure a statistically significant mating advantage may be a statistical consequence of the small sample size of males observed mating. On the other hand, any mating advantage of large males may be reduced because (a) receptive females visit many different landmarks, (b) females mate with the first male they encounter at a landmark, regardless of his size, (c) there are usually many vacant landmarks available for smaller males, and (d) even popular territories are often open to small males, thanks to the low site‐tenacity of territory owners.


Previously, we considered numerics for a problem on a connected 1D-graph obtained by Panasenko and Pileckas, as the limit model of nonsteady Navier-Stokes equations in a tube structure. The problem is described by nonlocal in time diffusion equations, where weakly singular convolution kernels arise. These kernels are obtained from the heat equation on the cross-sections of the tubes. Their properties and discretization are the topic of the present paper. First, the existence of asymptotic expansions for small times is proved, with explicit formula (with respect to the geometry of the cross-section) for the first five terms. Then, as direct discretization of the equations for the kernels leads to poor approximations due to lack of regularity, numerical schemes that use these asymptotics for small times are designed. Convergence theorems are proved with estimations on the order of convergence. Numerical experiments highlight the interest of this correction.


This paper is a state-of-the-art that aims to highlight all the new developments for wind renewable energy sources, wind turbine system, vertical axis wind turbine and the included components to find the best solution for an offshore vertical axis wind turbine that supplies ships with energy in the outer harbor. This review could help to understand the potential future choices in the design of vertical-axes wind turbine in order to reduce pollution in marine environment.


It has been proposed that the discrepancy between the partially conserved axial-current prediction and the nuclear shell-model calculations of the ratio CP/CA in the muon-capture reactions can be solved in the case of 28Si by introducing effective transition operators. Recently there has been experimental interest in also measuring the required angular correlations in 20Ne. Inspired by this, we have performed a shell-model analysis employing effective transition operators in the shell-model formalism for the transition 20Ne(0+g.s.)+µ- 20F(1+;1.057 MeV)+µ. Comparison of the calculated capture rates with existing data supports the use of effective transition operators. Based on our calculations, as soon as the experimental anisotropy data becomes available, the limits for the ratio CP/CA can be extracted.


Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, and its prevalence has increased dramatically in recent years. Many treatments for BC have been proven, one of which is the utilization of natural products and herbal derivatives. Among natural plants, plants of the Apiaceae family like Eryngium have been studied, which entail antioxidant, antimicrobial, and most importantly, anti-cancer properties. Objectives: Considering the cytotoxical effects of different Eryngium species, it seems reasonable to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of E. thyrsoideum fractions on the BC, including MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Methods: The shoots of E. thyrsoideum were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with n-Hexane, methanol, and dichloromethane solvents. Methanolic extract (strong extract) on C18 Sep-Pak column with a mobile phase of methanol-water was fractionated. Then, the cytotoxicity of different fractions of the strong extract against normal and BC cells was evaluated for 24 and 48 hours using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Induction of apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using staining of cells treated with Annexin V/PI. Results: The 80% fraction of the methanolic extract illustrated the strongest cytotoxic effectiveness among the others. This strong fraction specifically prohibited the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 growth with minimal effect on normal cells. The prohibition of cell growth had a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). In addition, the flow cytometric analysis indicated that the strong fraction exerted its cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis on the cancer cell line. Conclusions: According to our results, due to effective secondary metabolites, 80% fraction of methanolic extract prohibited the growth of both types of BC cells by inducing apoptosis and had less toxicity on normal cells.


Danggui Buxue Decoction is a classic formula containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a 5:1 ratio and has been extensively used to treat blood deficiency for thousands of years. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in plasma protein binding, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of Danggui Buxue Decoction in normal and blood deficient rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. The effects on peripheral blood routine were verified. The compounds exhibited higher plasma protein binding and absorption in the model group compared to the control group, except formononetin. The six ingredients distributed widely, and the highest concentrations were detected in the heart and uterus. As has been demonstrated in the previous study of the effect of Danggui Buxue Decoction, its potential is to serve as an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating cardiovascular diseases and impacting estrogenic properties, which reveals the potential target organs of Danggui Buxue Decoction are the heart and uterus. Our findings suggested that the absorption and distribution of different components in Danggui Buxue Decoction varies depending on the pathological state, molecular weight, lipid solubility, transporter-mediated efflux, and other factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate the presentation of early-onset schizophrenia in children with mental retardation (MR) and the stability of clinical features over time.

METHOD
A purpose-designed assessment protocol was developed based on best-practice recommendations in the research literature. Diagnostic reliability, investigated in a group of 20 children with MR, was found to be very good (kappa = 0.87). Using this protocol, the clinical service identified 10 children with an initial diagnosis of schizophrenia. This group was then reassessed 2 years later.

RESULTS
At the end of 2 years, 8 of the 10 children with schizophrenia still warranted this diagnosis. However, there was considerable instability in relation to certain diagnostic criteria, notably delusions and visual hallucinations. In all cases some improvements in severity were seen at follow-up. However, the eight whose schizophrenia was confirmed at follow-up showed major deterioration in cognitive level.

CONCLUSIONS
It is possible to make reliable diagnoses of early-onset schizophrenia in people with MR, provided the assessment system is carefully structured and pays attention to all the important sources of information. However, symptoms should be reviewed frequently, particularly those that cannot be substantiated by patient interview.


In 2001, a small group of academics and practitioners met to discuss the equity risk premium (ERP). Ten years later, in 2011, a similar discussion took place, with participants writing up their thoughts for this volume. The result is a rich set of papers that practitioners may find useful in developing their own approach to the subject. The video webcast can be found at http://www.cfainstitute.org/learning/products/multimedia/Pages/67696.aspx.


SUMMARY Cystoscopic biopsy specimens ofthebladder trigone ofyoungwomen withrecurrent urinary infections were examined byscanning electron microscopy. Thesuperficial cells ofthe thickened squamous epithelium ofthetrigone haveeither a microridged, microvillous, ormixed pattern. Inone case,bacteria werefoundadherent toallthese typesofsurface. Somecells havea microvillous surface anda cobblestone pattern withlong, clubbed microvilli andresemble thecells foundinmalignant andpremalignant states. HumphreyKay,inhisoncological researches, has studied bladder cancer,1 2andinanissue ofthe Journal ofClinical Pathology published inhishonour itisappropriate todescribe aninvestigation ofthe bladder whichhassomerelevance tothesubject of neoplasia. Theultrastructural surface topography ofthe normal humanbladder hasbeenwell described,3 but little information isavailable ontheappearances of thehumanfemale trigone mucosa. Thepractical difficulties inobtaining fresh material forexamination areobvious, andseries large enough fornormal variations tobeobserved, forexample, during the menstrual cycle, havenotbeendescribed. Most published workonscanning electron microscopy of thenormal bladder isrelated tothechanges found inmalignant andpremalignant epithelium.3 4


Star power will guide admission and recruitment officers as they strive to garner the attention of prospective students. John E Kennedy, Jr. (lawyer, journalist, magazine publisher), J.D. Salinger (writer), Katherine Eiepburn (actress), Paul Tagliabue (National Football League commissioner), and Franklin D. Roosevelt (32nd president of the United States) are expert and celebrity names that echo in the halls of U.S. universities (Rooney 2003). The following expert and celebrity names may be more effective in vying for the attention of todays high school students and soon-to-be graduates: Serena van der Woodsen ("Gossip Girl"), Brian Griffin ("Family Guy"), Alexander Ludwig ("Hunger Games"), Dakota Fanning ("Twilight"), Dylan and Cole Sprouse ("Suite Life of Zach and Cody"), Emma Watson ("Harry Potter"), Jameis Watson (quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner), Missy Franklin (gold medalist, U.S. Olympic swim team), Jessica Springsteen (competitive horseback rider), Patrick Schwarzenegger (actor and model), and Scout Willis (actress) (Robinson and Stanger 2014). These expert and celebrity names offer prospective students the ability to follow in their footsteps and "room" with them by enrolling at the colleges they attended.Expert and celebrity appeal is not a new advertising strategy. This is especially true of star athletes who promote a university. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (ncaa) "insists college players not be used as sales tools," but this does not prevent institutions from courting advertisers and sponsors alike (Wieberg and Berkowitz 2009, p. 2). Like athletes, expert and celebrity endorsers have a unique ability to initiate and perpetuate product conversations and to engage consumers in a narrative-one desired by consumers because they are part of the brands message. A recent study of celebrity endorsements indicated "that sales for some brands increased up to 20 percent" (Crutchfield 2010, p. 1).Consumers are exposed to more than 3,000 advertisements each day through multiple channels (e.g., apps, billboards, magazines, radio, social media, television, and websites). One hundred and fifty of the 3,000 advertisements reach the subconscious mind, and approximately 900 (30%) reach the conscious mind (Crutchfield 2010). Featuring experts and celebrities may "dramatically accelerate the po tential for your brand to reach the conscious mind of the consumer" (Crutchfield 2010, p.i). Currently, more than 5,000 colleges and universities operate in the United States (Cook 2014), "each with its own unique purpose, history, student body, and faculty" (Nafukho and Burnett 2002, p.3) and vying for the attention of college seekers.Gaining the attention of high school graduates is a primary goal of higher education admission officers. Although the number of students enrolled at U.S. degree-granting institutions is expected to increase by 13.9 percent between now and 2022 (Lederman 2014), admission representatives strive to garner attention for their institutions-that is, to be included on prospective students' lists of schools they are considering. Competition is surging because students have more choices "thanks to easier-to-access airline transportation and telecommunications. Parents are more willing to send their kids across state lines. Students apply to more colleges now, because of this and because of the Common Application, which has made applying to multiple schools as simple as a few more clicks" (Cook 2014, p.2). Currently enrolled and alumni expert and celebrity endorsers have the ability to give these soon-to-be college students the opportunity to "room" with star power and to advance their search process to college choice (or enrollment). A 2012 study con- eluded that millennials were twice as likely as Gen-Xers (individuals between the ages of 35 and 49 years), four times more likely than boomers (individuals between the ages of 50 and 69 years), and ten times more likely than silents (individuals age 70 years and older) to be influenced by celebrities (Barton, Koslow and Beauchamp 2014). …


The city of San Carlos de Bariloche since the late nineteenth century has relied attended different migration flows (European and mainly Chilean) that have contributed to its founding settlement. Since the second half of the last century the city not only includes migrants from other provinces but also becomes a destination for Latin American communities. Since the late seventies the Bolivian population settles in the suburbs of the city and since the nineties a bolivian family moves the image of the Virgin of Urkupina to Bariloche and kicks off the festivities in his honor.
Bolivian migrants in San Carlos de Bariloche, in the key of subalternity, produce local identities that are materialize in our object of study: the Marian devotions and specifically the celebration of the Virgin of Urkupina. This paper analyzes the "place" of Bolivian women in these religious celebrations taking into account, on the one hand, their condition and the multiplicity of identities that cross it and, on the other hand, the women visibility and invisibility in the featured moments of the ritual.


We performed LED dimming control and automatic control of the external automatic blinds in a full scale mock-up to measure indoor illuminance(daylight+electric light) and dimming rate. When the LED dimming control in conjunction with blind control was performed, the daylight and electric lights were applied together and the indoor illuminance was kept constant at 500lx(±30lx). Due to automatic control of the blinds according to external vertical illuminance, direct solar radiation was prevented from reaching the work plane. Also, it was calculated that the dimming rate of Zone I was 79% and that of Zone II was 48%. As a result, it was found that LED dimming control in conjunction with blind control contributes to maintain the standard illuminance(500lx) using daylight to save lighting energy.


A method for winding a coil for a transformer described, wherein the coil winding is inserted into a cylindrical, tubular insulating body. For shortening the coil length, and reducing the amount of insulating material and to reduce the core weight, the individual winding layers of wire on the places where the winding wire layers are connected to each other, radially wound one above the other so that the respective adjacent winding ends are each in a radial plane. This is achieved in that end wall sections are provided, which serve to guide and shape retention of the Isolierwicklungen or layers.


This paper provides a summary measure of the Uruguay Round (UR) tariff reduction commitments in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US), using the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI) as the tariff aggregator. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (CES) functional form for import demand. The levels of the MTRI under the actual commitments of the UR are computed and compared with two hypothetical cases, the Swiss Formula leading to a 36% average decrease in tariffs and a uniform 36% reduction of each tariff. The results are not only interesting in order to infer how reducing tariff dispersion would help improving market access in future trade agreemen as summary statistics on tariff protection, but they could also be used to feed information into more aggregated models.


One of the most important of these skills is the manager's problem-solving ability. A manager must use (explicitly or implicitly) a sound problemsolving process for consistent, effective, problem solving under varying circumstances. One aspect of soundness is completeness, or ensuring that the underlying problem-solving process includes a sufficient number of activities to allow the manager to deal effectively with a range of situations. Another aspect of soundness is the thoroughness of the problem-solving process with which individual problem-solving activities can, as required by the situation, be pursued. Completeness and thoroughness together can be considered a measure of comprehensiveness. In this article, an extensive review of the managerial problem-solving literature has been conducted for the following purposes: (1) To aid the development of a managerial problem-solving framework, designed as a standard which can be used by both managers and academics to assess the comprehensiveness of their problemsolving behavior or models. The use of such a framework by managers is one way they can recognize possible deficiencies in their problem-solving process.


In 1984 the first real-time HDTV video tape recorder was introduced. The HDV-1000 was an analog VTR using one inch metal oxide tape and standard SMPTE open reels. It utilized basic Type-C recording principles although also incorporating a considerably higher FM carrier frequency, twice the deviation, and slightly more preemphasis, - all to achieve a 10 MHz baseband video recording bandwidth capability. Four such component analog recording channels were utilized in parallel to achieve a total recording capability of 40 MHz - made up of 20 MHz for the green video signal (or Luminance Y) and 10 MHz each for the red and blue signals (or R-Y and B-Y components in the case of Y, R-Y, B-Y recording). Almost 150 of these machines supported the early pioneering years of HDTV development - worldwide - over the period 1984 to the late 1980's. The HDTV video signal format to which this VTR was designed was based upon the preliminary 1 125/60/16:9/2: 1 system - having specified system bandwiths of 20 MHz for Luminance Y, and 7.0MHz R-Y, and 5.5 MHz B-Y. The HDV-1000 proved to be a remarkably robust, reliable HD VTR workhorse and it early and firmly established the viability of reliable RD real-time image capture. Nevertheless, it's technical shortcomings were soon exposed by a creative and demanding international program production community. The limitations of two channels of analog audio recording, and about four generations of liD video recording in post-production were inconsistent with the needs of high-end program production. The 45 db signal to noise limitation also imposed a boundary to the quality of the HDTV tape to 35 mm film transfers being made by both Electron Beam and Laser Recording techniques. The HDV-1000 had, however, pushed the state of the art in analog FM recording to the boundary. Head and tape technologies were not expected to advance sufficiently to warrant a new generation in analog recording design. Attention thus turned to digital recording techniques.


The preponderance of Xinjiang was animal husbandry, develop animal husbandry with environment on coordination, was a great problem of economical development in Xinjiang. The problems were analysed on the traditional grazing system, the measures of reformming traditional grazing system were presented in this paper.


This study analyzed the process of reliability assessment for a turbine-driven auxiliary feedwater (AFW) pump according to the date of a domestic nuclear power plant, starting from the onsite data collection up to the analysis of these data, and evaluation of the reliability parameter. The content includes scope and boundary definition of a turbine-driven AFW pump, reliability data collection and analysis, estimation methods of reliability parameter, and calculation and analysis of reliability parameters, such as probability of failure on demand (γ) and rate of failure to run (λ).


Using contingent valuation methods (CVM) is increasingly common in project analysis. Referendum-type questions are thought to be easier to answer than the open-ended variety, but there is a downside: econometric techniques must be applied to the referendum data to infer the mean or median willingness to pay (WTP) of the sample and, thus, of the population of potential beneficiaries. This is not just a technical point as is demonstrated with data from a referendum CV study of a sewage and wastewater treatment project in Brazil. A factor of 4 separates lowest from highest central tendency estimates, ignoring the outlier that is 14 times larger than the largest of the other figures. This is ample variation to make a difference in the cost-benefit analysis. Analysts using referendum CV must be sensitive to the problems they buy into, and must decide how to deal with the uncertainty in the results.


Experimental designs are tools which can drastically reduce the number of simulations required by time-consuming computer codes. One strategy for selecting the values of the inputs, whose response is to be observed, is to choose these values so that they are spread evenly throughout the experimental region, according to ?space filling designs?. In this article, we suggest a new criterion based on the Kullback-Leibler information for design construction. The aim is to minimize the difference between the empirical distribution of the design points and the uniform distribution which is equivalent to maximizing the Shannon entropy. The entropy is estimated by a Monte Carlo method, where the density function is replaced with its kernel density estimator or by using the nearest neighbor distances.


In continuing search for compounds with immunomodulatory activity, plant Aralia cachemirica has been found to contain continentalic acid (CA). Isolation of this pharmacologically significant diterpinic acid from Aralia cachemirica is novel. Chemical structure of this compound was identified by spectral analysis as (-)-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid, which has been isolated from A. cordata and A. continentalis. This compound has been evaluated for its effect on immunomodulaion. CA was found to inhibit production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) & nitric oxide (NO) in LPS induced macrophage activation, suppressed antibody titres & delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) when orally administered and increased the phagocytic activity by clearance of Candida albican infection from peritoneal cavity in mouse model system. INTRODUCTION: Immunomodulaion refers to any change in immune response of body involving induction, expression, amplification, or suppression. In some cases we require stimulation of immune response, whereas suppression of immune response is needed in other conditions. Immunosuppressors are required for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergies, and in case of organ/tissue transplantation to prevent graft rejection. Conversely, immunostimulators are known to enhance body's resistance against a number of infections, allergies and cancers serving as immune potentiators in healthy persons and immunotherapeutic agents in case of persons with impaired immunity. Many synthetic and natural compounds are known to possess immunomodulatory activity, but limited efficacy and adverse side effects associated with traditional immunomodulatory drugs drive need to develop new, improved, and target specific immunomodulating agents. According to phylogenic and biogeographic analysis, approximately sixty eight accepted species of genus Aralia (Family Araliaceae) are distributed in Asia and North America . Several species of genus Aralia have pharmacological importance 4-8 and have been used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatic arthritis, nephritis, lumbago, lameness , gastritis 12 inflammation 13 and diabetes mellitus . Aralia cachemirica is a statuesque clump-forming herbaceous perennial, which is capable of forming upright stems 1 to 3m tall with large bright green tripinnate leaves, white flowers and purple-black fruit. In India it is mostly found in North Western Himalayas especially Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh . As per detailed literature survey, this plant species has been explored for investigation of essential oil composition 16, , isolation of aralosides & acids 18 and hypoglycemic activity . On biological studies of


An enhanced natural gas processing method using a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process for synthesizing hydrocarbon fuel clean-burning of sulfur-free, examples of which including synthetic diesel and aviation fuels. Natural gas that has been selected, a part of the natural gas liquids and FT naphtha and FT steam and separately or in combination, are broken down in the syngas generator, in order to enhance the synthetic diesel production from the reactor Fischer-Tropsch (FT) is used or recycled as feed to the reactor. Enhanced process, as a result, without the presence or generation of by-products of low value results in a maximum production of synthetic diesel to be prepared. .FIELD 6


In this paper, the stability condition of a discretized sliding mode control system is studied. For the conventional system, the stability of the closed-loop system is dependent on the sampling time, i.e., it turns to be unstable over a sampling period, and is stable under the sampling period. For the given system, however, it is shown that the interval of stable and unstable sampling periods appears alternately. It is also shown that the stability of the overall system can be predicted by checking up the magnitude of one parameter of the discretized system.


Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often arise together. Diabetics are at 1.5 to three times the risk of stroke compared with the general population and the associated mortality and morbidity is greater than in those without this underlying condition. Importantly, the relation between disturbed glucose metabolism and cerebrovascular disease is not restricted to acute ischemic stroke. Diabetes is also associated with more insidious ischaemic damage to the brain, mainly manifesting as small-vessel disease and increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This paper shows the epidemiologic relationships of stroke in type 2 diabetes and suggest that rigorous assessment and treatment of associated risk factors can substantially reduce the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes.


Comfort ventilation is an effective method to exhaust the excessive heat in a building. In the respect of Korean climatic feature, maximizing comfort ventilation can be a good solution for the cooling energy consumption reduction. In this paper, the ventilation performance variation in a residential unit by changing operable window property was verified. Operable window size and indoor door open is considered in the paper and the ventilation performance in some cases were verified through Esp-r simulation. As a result for a cross ventilation case, it is turn that operable window size as 5% of floor area and 10% for living room are reasonable to encourage comfort ventilation. In the cases of non-cross ventilation(with internal door was closed), comfort ventilation was very hard to perform by natural ventilation through operable windows.


Business intelligence (BI) encompasses a broad category of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, sharing and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. Nowadays, the value of BI is perceived as more than information dissemination or tactical responses to information requests from individual managers; it is highly linked to achieving organizational goals. Therefore, well-designed and deployed BI initiatives can play an important role in organizations enabling better management, leadership and decision-making, to achieve efficiency and financial benefit.


Objective: the superior attachment of the uncinate process (SAUP) is highly variable. Lateral types of SAUP are associated with frontal rhinosinusitis. SAUP in the middle turbinate is more common when the middle turbinate is aerated. We aim to refine these findings by studying the relationship between the SAUP type and the different subtypes of pneumatization of the middle turbinate. Methods: 200 CT sinonasal scans were analyzed by an otolaryngologist and a radiologist. All CT scans were analyzed to study the type of the middle turbinate concha bullosa and lamellar cell and the type of SAUP. Results: 379 sides were analyzed. The prevalence of the various types of SAUP were: Type I: 43.80%, Type II: 22.16%, Type III: 16.36%, Type IV: 3.69%, Type V: 9.76%, and Type VI: 4.22%. When studying the pneumatization of the middle turbinate and the SAUP types, we only found a statistically significant association between the lateral attachment of the uncinate process and the presence of a lamellar cell (p = 0.029). Conclusion: lateral types of SAUP are more likely in the presence of a lamellar cell. This finding, therefore, renders checking for lateral SAUP types in the presence of a lamellar cell even more relevant than when studying the pre-surgical CT scan. In those cases, it is advisable to perform a careful and complete uncinectomy.


In this paper the dithering of beam light,the undulating of beam intension,spread of the beam light and the dithering of image are introduced.The theory of these phenomena,the experiment research and result are given at the same time.


The short-term renting market has expanded substantially in the recent years due the appearance of digital platforms which link the demand and the supply sides. As a result, many cities have allocated a high share of their lodgings to holiday homes, pressuring long-term housing markets. This work tackles this unexplored issue, presenting the case of Portugal with data from Airbnb and finds that a higher concentration of holiday homes in a location leads to higher housing prices. This effect is particularly localized to the historical centers of Lisbon and Porto.


The Mississippi river valley was the origin of dispersal of the majority of freshwater fishes east of the Rocky Mountains. The Pliocene Teays river was the major drainage from the east-central United States to the ancestral Mississippi. In the north, the Pittsburgh river flowed northward to join the Pliocene Laurentian river. The advance of Pleistocene glaciation brought about profound drainage reorganization and influenced faunal extinctions through ecological changes. Headwater tributaries, remote from the ice fronts, were less severely affected by these changes and served as refugia. The Allegheny-Ohio river eventually succeeded the Teays river as the major eastern drainage to the Missis- sippi. The New (upper Kanawha) river basin is a remnant of the ancient Teays system. The Greenbrier river, a tributary to New river in West Virginia, was a sub- sequent centre of dispersal of fishes as the Pleistocene ice front receded. Major captures occurred with the Monongahela river to enhance dispersal, but were not limited to that drainage. A total of fifty-three fish species is presently known from the Greenbrier river, with eighteen others listed as expected. The depau- perate fauna is influenced by limiting factors associated with the New river --4-to


My intention is not to speak about tolerance at first. I will simply consider the normal T lymphocyte proliferation process. I will show that in this proliferation model, which was not designed to account for tolerance, clonal energy develops in some circumstances. The most essential substance which drives T lymphocyte proliferation is IL-2. If we make a very simple formula, which says that IL-2 is produced by helper T cells that see antigen, we have a model of the IL-2 production process. Its sensible to assume that there is some saturation function that limits the production of IL-2 by helper T lymphocytes (HTL).


A simple normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the quantification of β-sitosterol in hairy root cultures of Clitoria ternatea vis-à-vis natural plant parts. Chromatographic separation was achieved on normal-phase TLC plates by using optimized mobile phase of n-hexane. acetone (8:2, v/v). Densitometric scanning was performed after postchromatographic derivatization of the plate at 414 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 40 ng and 100 ng spot−1, respectively. A linear response of calibration line was observed over the range of 100 to 500 ng spot−1 with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.999. Recovery values from 97.22 to 98.51% with small coefficient of variation showed excellent accuracy of the method. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) protocol. The method enables excellent separation and accurate quantification of β-sitosterol in different plant parts of the two floral varieties of C. ternatea along with their cultured roots derived through genetic transformation. β-Sitosterol content was comparable between the blue-flowered and white-flowered plants; roots had a higher content than that in stem and leaf regardless of the two floral varieties. Transformed root cultures had a lower content of β-sitosterol compared to natural roots.


Substituting lifting with pushing and pulling generally reduces the disc compression in the low back. However, from a biomechanical point of view, pushing and pulling tasks are much more complex to analyse compared to lifting. Instead of being close to vertical, the force directions are virtually unknown, and may vary during different phases of the task. The relation between external force and internal load is not simple, as force direction and body posture may change accordingly. Further, focus has mainly been on the lumbar spine and not on shoulder load. Although the lumbar spine load is reduced, shoulder muscle load is not necessarily changed to the same extent during pushing and pulling compared to lifting. Therefore, shoulder load is brought into focus in a study of pushing and pulling. Seven male waste collectors pushed and pulled two-wheeled containers with up to 50 kg of waste. When performing one-handed pull behind the body, the force was up to 280 N, and the internal shoulder flexion moments were up to 80 Nm in the initial phase, close to the subject's maximum shoulder flexion moments. For the two-handed push in front of the body, the total force was up to 360 N, corresponding to approximately 180 N for each hand. Pushing caused lower shoulder moments, up to 34 Nm in the initial phase. During steady state, the total force was up to 230 N when pushing and 130 N when pulling. Shoulder moments were below 27 Nm when pulling and below 16 Nm when pushing (all results are given as mean of subjects). Regarding the relation between exposure and internal load, there was a positive relation between the magnitude of the hand force and the shoulder moment (r=0.48). For the compression in the lumbar spine there was no relation to the magnitude of the hand force (r=0.05). In conclusion, although loads on the low back during pushing and pulling are relatively small, loads on the shoulder muscles may be very high in some cases. Pushing and pulling may therefore be a risk factor for shoulder disorders.


Solid Phase Synthesis (SPS) is a chemical strategy that was developed and refined by Bruce Merrifield in the early 1960s and later led to a Nobel Prize in 1984. This discovery paved the way for chemists to be able to construct proteins with high yields, less timeconsuming purification and much faster synthetic routes. The strategy utilizes an insoluble solid polystyrene cross-linked support resin, 2-chlorotrityl-chloride (2-CCR), to form an ester linkage with an acid so proteins or small molecules can be built from the N terminal one amino acid at a time. This same chemistry can be employed to construct peptidomimetics and small non-peptide molecules. This chemistry is especially useful for building molecules that require temporary protection of a carboxylic acid during the synthetic route. This article will provide the basic concepts and considerations when practicing SPS for small non-peptide molecule construction. Significant considerations in employing this chemistry include: resin selection, swelling of resin, coupling agents, solvents, mechanism, loading of resin, nucleophilic substitution, and cleavage from resin support, amine protecting groups, general reaction techniques as well as purification of final product.


This paper develops a control algorithm for a robot aided Isokinetic exercise which is the most effective muscular exercise. In order to achieve human intention based Isokinetic exercise, the exercise-as-desired control scheme is proposed to provide the exercise profile to the velocity-controlled actuator of robot. The main requirement of Isokinetic exercise is robust velocity control, thus this paper designs robust velocity controller for robot joint using disturbance observer to against uncertain environments such as human motion and mechanical nonlinearities. A performance of the controller is verified through the experiment. Finally, pilot tests of robot aided Isokinetic exercises are performed to validate a feasibility and contributions of the proposed exercise-as-desired control scheme.


This paper is a qualitative research, deals with studying which communication strategy is used by politicians, whether explorational, exploitative, or ambidextrous communication and how citizens, instead, view such strategy choices carried out by politicians. Moreover, the study analyzes whether ambidextrous communication strategies allow citizens to achieve greater knowledge and awareness regarding sustainability issues (SDGs), compared to what occurs if the politician uses a different communication strategy.The Study 1 was conducted through a semi-structured interview to Italian parliamentarians (senators and deputies) of the XVII and XVIII legislatures. The number of parliamentarians who agreed to the interview was 24 parliamentarians.In the study 2 a survey was conducted on a sample of Italian citizens through various communication channels, mainly through Whastapp and Facebook. The final aim of survey to identify whether the joint use of both communication channels may reinforce citizens' awareness about sustainable development goals. The citizens what responded to the survey were 289.The results of the two studies show that the use of ambidextrous communication strategy, ie the joint use of the exploitative and explorational communications, is preferred by politicians to the use of only one of the strategies and that there is a positive correlation between the ambidextrous communication strategy of politicians and greater awareness of citizens about sustainability issues (SDGs). These results demonstrate that the hypotheses identified are supported.Although this study has significant implications for how politicians should communicate, it also has different limits.


1. A mixed sward was divided into two areas receiving high (H) or low (L) levels of fertilizer nitrogen, and on two occasions, in spring and summer, herbage cut from each area was given to three steers in a continuous digestibility trial lasting 45 days. Digestibility and faecal nitrogen concentration were measured for each animal for each 24 hr. period, and equations relating these variables were calculated for each trial from the unit 24 hr. observations and from averages over three animals and over successive 2-, 3-, 5- and 9-day periods. 2. In the two spring trials herbage digestibility remained constant for the first 12 days and then declined by about 0·4 units per day. In the summer trials digestibility declined throughout by 0—25 units per day. The nitrogen content of the herbage was consistently 25% higher for treatment H, and declined steadily throughout each trial. 3. Both season of cutting and fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on the faecal index regressions obtained. Equations calculated from average values for three animals and 3 days predicted digestibility coefficients from 3% faecal nitrogen as follows: equation (1) spring H, 76·5; (2) spring L, 77·5; (3)summer H, 71·8; (4) summer L, 72·8. 4. The joint residual standard deviation for equations (1) to (4) had the low value of ± 0·90 units of digestibility, indicating that 'single-sward' regressions are considerably more accurate than those embracing a great variety of herbages. Even greater accuracy was obtained when digestibility and faecal nitrogen concentrations were measured for periods longer than 3 days; in general, residual variance varied inversely with period length. Using values for individual animals in the regressions increased the residual variance slightly, but because differences between animals in the digestibility-faecal nitrogen relationship were small and generally nonsignificant, the increase was by a factor of the order of 1·6, not 3. 5. Standard errors of prediction were calculated, although there is evidence to suggest that these underestimate the error of digestibility coefficients predicted for free-grazing animals. It is concluded that faecal index regressions are accurate enough for measuring digestibility per se in grazing experiments. In the measurement of herbage consumption, however, the experimental error is likely to be high, partly because indigestibility is the factor required to be predicted, but mainly because of large differences in appetite among similarly treated animals.


This report describes the geology of 1:lO 000 sheet SK 52 NW (West Leake). The map sheet
(hereafter referred to as the 'area') falls in the 1 :50 000 Geological sheets 141 (Loughborough)
and 142 (Melton Mowbray); it was frcst geologically surveyed at the one-inch to one-mile scale
by E Hull between 1850 and 1860, and published as part of the Old Series One-Inch Geological
Sheet 71 SE. The district was re-surveyed on the six-inch scale by C Fox-Strangways in 1892-
1895 (Loughborough Sheet) and R L Sherlock in 1906 (Melton Mowbray Sheet) and published
on the 1 : 10 560 County Series Sheets for Leicestershire (L 10 NE), Derbyshire (DY 56 SE) and
Nottinghamshire (N 46 SE, 50 NW, 50 SW and 49 SE): detailed sheet compilations are given
on the accompanying 1:lO 000 map. The New Series One-Inch Geological sheets for
Loughborough (1 4 1) and Melton Mowbray (1 42) were published in 1904 and 1909 respectively;
accompanying memoirs were also produced (Fox-Strangways, 1905; Lamplugh et al., 1909).
After further minor amendments, both sheets were reprinted at the 1 :50 000 scale and re-issued
in 1976.


West is articulated to help constitute a space of moral superiority for the West' would (and should) provoke scholarly debate and some new interpretations and conclusions. The same can be said for the contribution of Helen Katsidakis who gives a detailed picture of the rivalries between Balkan Christian nations before and during the Balkan Wars. James Pettifier gives his concluding thoughts in a twelfth chapter. Western historiography becomes interested in certain periods and regions either because of a practical political need to understand the background to turbulent events, or to mark important anniversaries. Until recently, the Great War was popularly associated only with the trenches of the Western front, yet now, thanks to the centenary, we know not only about other theatres of war but also about the war's social, cultural or religious aspects. The Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 are no different. During the violence of the 1990s, the wars of 1912–1913 were often invoked, without regard to developments and changes. Now we can hope for quality scholarship on the Balkans in connection with the anniversaries of events in the interwar years. These contexts, and those of the Second World War and the Cold War, should help us better understand the long and often traumatic history of this undoubtedly European region.


Based on preliminary design parameters of vane type variable flow pump,the AMESim one-dimensional model was established.Simulation calculation was performed in the conditions required by matched engine,and then verified by prototype test.The internal performance of the chamber were calculated with different timings of the port plate to obtain a better opening/closing angle.Compared the computation results for vane type fixed flow and variable flow oil pumps,the latter can significantly reduce driving power in high and middle speed ranges,the max.reduction reaches as high as 54.17%.The calculated flow data agree well with experimental results,and the simulation calculation can accurately predict the initial variable point yet.


At present, China is in an important period of promoting high-quality economic development. In order to promote enterprises to "go global" and realize high-quality foreign investment, China advocates enterprises to abide by the environmental protection laws and regulations of the host country and standardize their environmental protection behaviors in foreign investment cooperation. However, the impact of the host country's environmental regulation on Chinese enterprise's multinational investment risk preference has not been paid enough attention. This paper makes an empirical analysis on how the host country's environmental regulation affects the enterprises' risk preference of multinational investment (MIRP) by using the samples of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2018 and emphatically examines the moderating effects of enterprise's green technology innovation and social responsibility on the relationship between host country's environmental regulation and enterprises' MIRP. It is found that, on the whole, the environmental regulation of the host country will significantly promote the enterprises' MIRP. The green technology innovation will positively moderate the impact of the environmental regulation of host country on enterprises' MIRP, while the engagement of corporate social responsibility will inhibit this positive impact.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arachnoid granulations (AGs) of the posterior wall of the temporal bone are a rare cause of spontaneous CSF leakage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and appearance of presumed AGs, evidenced by the posterior wall defects of the temporal bone with lobulated or scalloped margins on CT scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of the temporal bone obtained in 1255 patients (573 men and 682 women; mean age, 42 years). We evaluated the prevalence, multiplicity, size, and location of presumed AGs in the posterior wall of the temporal bone. Preservation of the posterior wall of the mastoid air cells was also investigated and correlated with clinical features. RESULTS: Thirty patients (2.4%), including 13 men and 17 women, aged 27–88 years (mean, 55 years), showed a total of 40 presumed AGs on CT scans. Their prevalence tended to increase with age. They were most commonly located at the lateral third of the temporal bone at a level of or above the common crus. Although 15 lesions in 11 patients also caused focal loss of the posterior wall of the mastoid air cells, symptomatic CSF leakage was found in only 2 patients, in both of whom the adjacent mastoid air cells were also opacified on CT scans. CONCLUSION: Although rare, radiologists need to be familiar with the posterior wall defects of the temporal bone caused by presumed AGs on CT scans, because they might cause CSF leakage.


Slang has contributed in an entertaining and satirical manner to human communication. Through the spread of the beeper, a telecommunication device, in Korea between 1993 and 1999, the language of numerical messages became popular as a kind of code. This paper presents statical aspects of collected numerical messages classified according to the following functions: (1) expressive function, (2) emotive function, (3) socializing function (4) exhibitve function, and (5) function of transferring stored information. Thus, this paper will show that, as such "cyber pictographs" have emerged and evolved, such expressions, using (6) the cods number function, seen in promotions, signs, brand names, trademarks and telephone number advertisments, have been created and popularized by N-generation consumers. The result of the group psychology of selfdefense and new need for communication among the users of such jargon will be to curtail human interaction by magnifying the independence of language it self. The anonymity of beeper codes themselves will witness the collapse of social and moral trust.


Purpose – This paper aims to propose a set of flexible design principles for enhancing the flexibility of street furniture to deal with the diverse and changing urban environment. Flexibility is an important but less considered element of public design (otherwise called public environment and facility design), especially in regard to the street furniture that is encountered in everyday life. Taking Hong Kong as a case study, this paper gives an overview of the concepts of flexibility and flexible design, and identifies the current limitations and problems of the current street furniture design practices with respect to the diverse and changing urban environment. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the current literature and relevant documentation, interviews with government officers and different groups of users (including those with special needs), and field observations in Hong Kong's urban areas over a period of four years, the policies relating to street furniture design in Hong Kong an...


Health monitoring of cement based and composite infrastructure is an important ongoing global issue. The development of a cost-effective and practical technique by which the rehabilitation needs of such structures could be assessed is of great interest. The embedded modulated scatterer technique (MST) is one such technique that has shown promise for health monitoring purposes. MST is based on illuminating a small dipole antenna (probe), loaded with a PIN diode, with an electromagnetic wave. Modulating the PIN diode (turning it off and on in a controlled manner) results in two separate states of the MST probe. As the diode is modulated, so will the signal that is scattered (reflected) by the probe. Properties of this reflected signal provide information about the material in which the probe is embedded. Other targets in the vicinity of the probe will also contribute to the overall reflected signal. As a result, it is important to be able to discriminate between the probe response and other unwanted, yet present, reflections. Using a swept-frequency measurement process in conjunction with a Fourier transform analysis, the probe response can be individually detected. The challenge then becomes the ability to properly and accurately extract the probe response. This paper presents a technique by which the probe response can be extracted for both states when the MST is applied in an embedded fashion.


Introduction: Communication difficulties arising from damage to hearing directly affect quality of life. Difficulties in communication may result in deviations in the emotional and social development and can have a significant impact on the quality of life of every person. Objective: To evaluate the communication skills and the quality of life of people with hearing impairments with regard to the degree of hearing impairment, as well as social and emotional difficulties they face. Patients and Methods: The study included 50 patients with hearing loss at the age of 25-55 years who came to regular hearing control at the Clinic for diseases of the ear, nose and throat and head and neck surgery in the period from 2012. to 2015. years. Medical history review, examining the existing medical records and the results of the diagnostic procedures were the general data, the possible cause of hearing damage, when the damage occured, lasting duration, mode of communication in the family and the environment, the quality of life for each subject. Test for the social and emotional difficulties of people with hearing impairments was used HHIa questionnaire, and SF36 questionnaire assessing quality of life. Results: Most of the respondents have hearing loss in both ears, which have been classified as one of the moderate hearing losses. Testing distinction of words frequency and intensity balanced at standard rate showed that most respondents understand the words that are used in everyday communication, the harder they understood the words that contain a group of consonants "dn", "pr" and "št" because the frequency of less frequently used in our language and have relatively low levels of language competence. Self-assessment of quality of life related to health is the worst in the field of health that reflect the vitality, mental health and general health perception. HHIa questionnaire and the social and emotional domain differs significantly individual auditory threshold levels in all of the observed frequencies and in both ears. Conclusion: Difficulties in communication may result in deviations in the emotional and social development and can have a significant impact on the quality of life of every person. Regular checks of hearing and timely diagnosis contribute to improvement of speech understanding and therefore better functioning in everyday life as a successful factor in resolving further emotional, social and psychological conditions. With modern hearing aids hard of hearing people achieve improvement in speech understanding and a better quality of life. Due to modern lifestyles and the increasing number of factors that can cause hearing loss is necessary to carry out preventive measures to prevent hearing damage.


PURPOSE: A functional shoes insole is provided, which can improve muscle movement amount and obtain figure correction effect of the human body. CONSTITUTION: A functional shoes insole comprises: a first pad part(100) locating at the lower part of a plurality of metarsal bones in order to give mobility to the middle part of foot; and a second pad part(200) in which one side is linked to the first pad part and the other side is formed to lower part of the calcaneus in order to absorb impact caused by weight.


Fermented vegetable waste meal was used as a protein supplement to replace fish meal (FM) in the formulation of experimental diets for the Indian major carp Labeo rohita . Of the two supplementary diets, one containing 40% FM, the reference diet (T1) and the other containing fermented vegetable waste (50%) (T2). T2 showed significantly higher digestibility, growth, and protein deposition than the reference.


Automated detection of road damage (ADRD) is a challenging topic in road maintenance. It focuses on automatically detecting road damage and assessing severity by deep learning. Because of the sparse distribution of characteristic pixels, it is more challenging than object detection. Although some public datasets provide a database for the development of ADRD, their amounts of data and the standard of classification cannot meet network training and feature learning. With the aim of solving this problem, this work publishes a new road damage dataset named CNRDD, which is labeled according to the latest evaluation standard for highway technical conditions in China (JTG5210-2018). The dataset is collected by professional onboard cameras and is manually labeled in eight categories with three different degrees (mild, moderate and severe), which can effectively help promote research of automated detection of road damage. At the same time, a novel baseline with attention fusion and normalization is proposed to evaluate and analyze the published dataset. It explicitly leverages edge detection cues to guide attention for salient regions and suppresses the weights of non-salient features by attention normalization, which can alleviate the interference of sparse pixel distribution on damage detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed baseline significantly outperforms most existing methods on the existing RDD2020 dataset and the newly released CNRDD dataset. Further, the CNRDD dataset is proved more robust, as its high damage density and professional classification are more conducive to promote the development of ADRD.


A microbial barrier faucet with dual pipes, having a multiple capillary nozzle attached to the internal pipe and with clean air blown between the internal and external pipes, was manufactured and its performance was tested. This faucet prevented airborne microbial contamination when clean air was blown at a velocity of 4.5 m/sec. Water splashes occurring at initial water flow through the faucet were easily subject to contamination by direct contact with the contaminated external pipe end, and should be removed before subsequent use of the faucet. The principle of this faucet should be applicable for supplying not only distilled water but also sterile pharmaceutical solutions. Further application to sterile bottling in the beverage industry may also be possible.


Objective: This study was conducted to reveal the evaluations of individuals living in Bitlis about family physicians and family medicine practice and to determine the differences in demographic information.
Method: Models and hypotheses created in accordance with the purpose of the research were analyzed with quantitative methods. The research data were obtained through a face-to-face questionnaire by interviewing 433 people. Because of the normal distribution of the data, analyzes were performed using parametric tests. A cross-sectional study was conducted and data were collected in March-April 2019. Descriptive statistics were included and Anova and independent sample t-tests were used to detect differences.
Results: When the attitudes of the participants towards family physicians are examined; it was determined that the majority of them knew their family physicians and evaluated their approach to them positively, but the frequency of going to family medicine was generally low. It was determined that they preferred physicians other than these physicians, although they did not change or do not intend to change their family physician. In addition, it was determined that the majority of the participants preferred family physicians because the family health centers were close to them. According to the findings, it was concluded that the attitude levels of the participants who were younger, high school graduates and had no children were statistically significantly lower than the others. According to the findings, it was concluded that the attitude levels of the young, high school graduates, and non-children were statistically significantly lower than the others; those who are married, recommend a family doctor and have a higher income than others have higher attitude levels.
Conclusions: In order to increase the rate of going to the family doctor in case of any illness and to create a healthy referral chain, the reasons for not going to the family doctor should be investigated first. Thus, it will be possible for the health system to work effectively and reduce the burden of secondary and tertiary health institutions.


Cerium activated mixed lutetium/gadolinium- and aluminum/gallium-based garnets have great potential as host scintillators for medical imaging applications. (Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce and denoted as GLuGAG feature high effective atomic number and good light yield, which make it particularly attractive for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and other γ-ray detection applications. For PET application, rapid decay and good timing resolution are extremely important. Most Ce-doped mixed garnet materials such as GLuGAG:Ce, have their main decay component at around 80 ns. However, it has been reported that the decays of some single crystal scintillators (e.g., LSO and GGAG) can be effectively accelerated by codoping with selected additives such as Ca, Mg and B. In this study, transparent polycrystalline (Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce ceramics codoped with Ca or Mg or additional Ce, were fabricated by the sinter-HIP approach. It was found the transmission of the ceramics are closely related to the microstructure of the ceramics. As the co-dopant levels increase, 2nd phase occurs in the ceramic and thus transparency of the ceramic decreases. Ca and Mg co-doping in GLuGAG:Ce ceramic effectively accelerate decays of GLuGAG:Ce ceramics at a cost of light output. However, additional Ce doping in the GLuGAG:Ce has no benefit on improving decay time but, on the other hand, reduces transmission, light output. The mechanism under the different scintillation behaviors with Mg, Ca and Ce dopants are discussed. The results suggest that decay time of GLuGAG:Ce ceramics can be effectively tailored by co-doping GLuGAG:Ce ceramic with Mg and Ca for applications with optimal timing resolution.


Philosophers , trans. Greg Whitlock (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001); Paul Bishop, ed., Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2004); and, most recently, Enrico Müller, Die Griechen im Denken Nietzsches (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2005). 2. See Brobjer, Nietzsche's Ethics of Character , 347-48, for a useful index of Nietzsche's allusions to individual Greeks, including Epicurus, who is referenced more than any other Greek besides Socrates, Plato, and Homer. But explicit textual allusion does not necessarily decide a case. Despite only one cryptic reference to Pyrrho, it has been argued that ancient skepticism had a significant impact on the later Nietzsche. See Jessica Berry, "The Wisdom of Appearances: Nietzsche and the Ancient Skeptical Tradition" (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 2003). 3. When he does cite the Nachlass , Wilkerson almost exclusively makes use of material available in the English translations in Whitlock, The Pre-Platonic Philosophers ; and Daniel Breazeale, ed. and trans., Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche's Notebooks of the Early 1870's (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanity Books, 1979). 4. As Müller ( Die Griechen im Denken Nietzsches , 139) recognizes, Nietzsche's approach to the history of early Greek philosophy, which emphasizes the originality of their intellectual characters, stands in contrast to the progressive developmental models of Aristotle and Hegel. 5. Whitlock, The Pre-Platonic Philosophers , 232.


Object of the present invention is to provide a plasma can select the number of the number of sustain pulses suitable for the display device in accordance with the change in gradation display load ratio. Display device, the field unit is constituted by a plurality of subfields weighted with the number of sustain pulses, the gradation representation is performed by selecting each of the sub-field image in the plasma of the present invention. Sustain pulse number calculating unit (114, 115) calculates the display load rate of the input image signal, and the total number of sustain pulses in a frame unit in accordance with the display load ratio is calculated. Number of gradation selection section (116) in accordance with the calculated total number of sustain pulses is selected as the number of gradations of the sum of the weights of all the subfields.


A matter of prime importance in silicon micromirror fabrication is how to get a silicon mirror plate under structure and fabrication restrictions. Deep silicon etch, silicon-glass anodic bonding and thinning process are used in this research for a silicon mirror plate. This approach offers a flat silicon mirror plate and the thickness of a silicon plate can be thinned up to 25 /spl mu/m. The micromirror should rotate with 45 degrees for out-of-plane right angle reflection. Therefore it is difficult to use stiff materials as a torsional spring. Aluminum is a good candidate for such a large angular motion though its residual stress may also affect operation performances.


Based on the geological condition at head entry of 24302 working face in Zhangxiaolou deep mine,Xuzhou mining area,the entry bolt support was tested under broken surrounding rocks conditions.The technological parameters of bolt supporting with wire mesh,strip and anchor,and strata behaviors of the entry supporting under different components matching were introduced.Aimed at the problem of bolt supporting failure caused by the nut from roof bolt tearing and drilling through the clamp and strip,the mechanics property tests of component cooperation including bolt,clamp,strip and nut were performed in laboratory.Results show that the 20 mm twist-steel bolt,whose breaking load is 186 kN more or less,has a stable performance.The screw on bolt is very well matched to the nut,so is the round top square bottom nut to clamp and strip.The hexagon nut,38 mm in diameter of its circumscribed circle,is not well matched to clamp and strip.Under the conditions of deep mine and high stress,a good matching of mechanical performance of bolt support system including bolt,clamp,strip,nut and resin anchor is required.So their mechanics property should be rationally matched based on the breaking load of bolt.


PurposeThe hotel industry is one of the primary sectors contributing to every country's economy by promoting and reinforcing tourism. The pandemic situation across the globe is forcing the hospitality industry to adopt a suitable operational excellence (OPEX) methodology and its associated tools to deliver quality service at an affordable cost. However, there is limited evidence of applying one of the prominent OPEX methodologies, such as Six Sigma (SS), to enhance the hospitality industry's productivity and performance. Thus, the purpose of the study is to explore the application of the SS methodology to reduce the cycle time of a pantry workstation in a United Arab Emirates (UAE) hotel sector.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted a case study approach using DMAIC (define-measure-analyse-improve-control) phases to improve the performance of the minibar updating process attached to the hotel rooms. In addition, the study effectively used several tools, including normality tests, control charts, capability analysis, cause and effect diagram, failure mode effects analysis (FMEA), value stream mapping (VSM) and GEMBA, to validate the root causes and draw robust inferences.FindingsThe average cycle time and standard deviation of the pantry process were drastically reduced. Further, the analysis showed that the process capability index was substantially improved. Consequently, a notable improvement in the process performance was witnessed, which has resulted in a profit of $50,000 per annum in the hotel.Practical implicationsThe article provides a structured and disciplined approach of SS in a hotel which can be used as a benchmarking document by the academicians, practitioners and policymakers for OPEX within the hospitality industry. Further, it paves the way to develop a road map for applying SS in the hospitality sector.Originality/valueAs per the authors' knowledge, to date, no case study has been reported in top tier refereed journals regarding the application of SS in the hotel sector. Thus, the current case study bridges this gap and reiterates that SS can be effectively used with meticulous planning and deployment in the hospitality industry.


ABSTRACT This study investigated phonetic activation in reading a nonalphabetic script – Chinese. Since the Chinese ideographic script can be read with more than one dialectal pronunciation, a reader who has learned to read in two dialects will have two pronunciations for the same word stored in his memory. Thus, interference effects will occur. Sixteen subjects who read in Cantonese and Mandarin and 16 subjects who read in Mandarin but not in Cantonese were tested in a similarity judgment task based on pairs of Chinese words that were pronounced the same or differently in one or both of the dialects. That automatic phonetic activation would occur even for an ideographic script such as Chinese was supported by the results.


The origin of the broad structure in the ratio of the differential cross section at 0 degrees and 30 degrees CMS scattering angle in the pp to pi +d process at the invariant mass of 2.41 GeV, which has been extracted using the world collection of experimental data as input, has been analysed. The observed pattern can be generated by a combination of the Pauli principle restrictions upon the helicity amplitudes combined with their individual and smooth energy behaviour. No assertions regarding additional dibaryon dynamics can be made without accounting for the observed effect. A toy model is presented solely as an illustration.


The invention relates to a tool (100) for cleaning large surfaces, in particular boat hulls, comprising a tool body (110) and at least one nozzle body (200), the nozzles (202, 202') of which are positioned substantially radially moving outwards from the surface central point of the nozzle body (200). Two rotating nozzle bodies (200) are located on the tool body (110) and in addition, at least one sealing element (120) is spring-mounted on the tool body (110).


Abstract Background Synthetic cathinones (SC) are popular new psychoactive substances that produce sympathomimetic toxicity. Meth/amphetamine and SC have similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics between meth/amphetamine and SC users presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods This retrospective observational cohort study included patients who presented to six EDs from May 2017 to April 2021 with symptoms that related to recreational drug use and whose urine toxicology tests were positive only for meth/amphetamine or SC through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results There were 379 patients who tested positive only for meth/amphetamine (MA group), and 87 patients tested positive only for SC (SC groups). Patients in the MA group were older than those in the SC group (median (IQR); MA: 37.0 (30–43.7), SC: 25.0 (21.0–32.7), p < 0.001). There were no significant between-group differences in the sex distribution and initial chief complaints. Compared with the MA group, the SC group had more cases of tachycardia (≥ 135/min; MA: 29 (8.2%), SC:16 (19.0%), p = 0.0031) and hyperthermia (≥ 38 °C; MA: 31 (8.2%), SC:18 (20.7%), p = 0.001). Besides, the SC group had significantly higher levels of creatinine kinase (CK, IU/L; MA: 263 (115–601), SC: 497 (206–9216), p = 0.008) as well as a higher risk of rhabdomyolysis (CK > 1000; MA:32 (8.4%), SC: 16 (18.4%), p = 0.006) and severe rhabdomyolysis (CK > 10,000; MA:10 (2.6%), SC:10 (11.5%), p = 001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated SC group in comparison with the MA group (adjusted odds ratio: 2.732, 95% confidence interval: 1. 250–5.972, p = 0.012) was an association with the risk of rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that tachycardia, hyperthermia, and rhabdomyolysis were more common among cathinone users than among meth/amphetamine users presented to EDs.


describing a case, states that it is very rarely met with west of Strasburg, but that its incidence increases further east. It is fairly common also in Sweden. This patient has lived in Gloucester all his life. Herxheimer and Hartmann describe a few cases, and observe that the condition is more frequently found in the arms than in the legs; that pain is generally absent except that due to cold; that men are more frequently affected than women. Klingmiiller and Rille have observed a progressive atrophy, whilst others have noted a partial disappearance of the condition. Pathologically, the disease is stated by Professor Pautrier to be due to the dilatation of surface capillaries and obliteration by infiltration of the deeper blood-vessels.


LIN Ze-xu and WEI Yuan's thoughts of "Learning from the foreign and restraining the foreign"included 3 aspects:"Knowing of the foreign,learning from the foreign and restraining the foreign",which represented the world consciousness of the time,the thoughts of saving the nation from extinction and the ideology of reform.


This research is motivated by the lack of student learning outcomes in the learning process of Social Sciences (IPS) for this, which just passively listening to what is conveyed by the teacher. In terms of the learning process, the teacher in teaching social studies in general just using conventional methods. So the children thought that the only social studies lesson memorization. Formulation of the problem in this study is "How does an increase in Student Learning Outcomes in the fourth grade social studies learning through problem solving method at 03 Koto Kaciak SDN." This study aims to describe the social studies learning by using the method of problem solving in grade IV. This research is a classroom action research. Subjects of this study were fourth grade students numbered 15 people. The research instrument was a student activity sheets and teacher observation, field notes, and student achievement test. There is an increase in student learning outcomes from the first cycle to the second cycle. It can be seen from the percentage of student learning outcomes of the first cycle of 53.33% to 85.71% in the second cycle. Means the target indicators in this study and the successful implementation of the IPS learning methods Problem Solving going well. Based on these results, it was concluded that the IPS study using Problem Solving method can improve student learning outcomes. Based on the results of  this study  researchers  suggest that teachers can use the method of Problem Solving to Improve student learning outcomes. Key words : learning outcomes, Problem Solving, IPS


Two children aged 7 months with eczema herpeticum received treatment consisting of intravenous acyclovir and human plasma with a high titer of herpes simplex virus antibodies. One recovered following two recurrences, but the other died rapidly, suffering both septicemia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and herpetic encephalitis. In both cases, the virus involved was a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1). The various isolates obtained before, during and after treatment remained equally sen sitive to acyclovir. These observations highlight three points: (1) the unpredictable and sometimes dramatic development of eczema herpeticum in the young child; (2) the urgency of early diagnosis and treatment; (3) the role of environment in viral contamination.


Terahertz imaging technology plays an important role in the applications of high-resolution imaging and detection of small targets. The imaging system design is optimized with step-frequency signal in 220GHz frequency band as well as the imaging algorithms are conducted. In order to get high resolution, the 220GHz system is designed and realized with stepped frequency. the technology of high-resolution turntable imaging is introduced. The experiment result shows the 2-D images obtained using Range-Doppler(R-D) algorithm.


Biased news still exists even though the balance, fairness and accuracy are important qualities in news reporting. The bias in news causes political and social bipolarization and what is worse, it provides fodder for fake news which is one of the serious social problems. To tackle the problem, therefore, we identify the words which induce bias for a given news article by analyzing linguistic cues, such as factive verbs, implicative words, hedges, subjectivity words, etc., used in it. Our strategy to detect bias word effectively is to compare the word usage with of other news articles about an identical news event. In this process, we employ the concept of inverse document frequency (IDF), which is a well-known statistic in the information retrieval, as one of the features to represent the word in the news article. We also present a news bias detecting method in a hierarchical manner. We anticipate that our approach can be applied to other domains such as Wikipedia as well as newspapers where the use of unbiased words is advised.


In vehicle design and development, shortening developmental periods, improving efficiency, and improving vehicle quality have been important subjects in past years. With these objectives in mind, the Vehicle Design and Development Department, Nissan Motor Company, has been utilizing computers for CAD/CAM, CAE (Computer Aided Experiments), SA (Structural Analysis), EIM (Engineering Information Management), etc., and has been obtaining good results. The present paper describes the purpose and manner of introducing CAE to the design and development process. It also outlines an on–line system for vehicle performance tests, noise and vibration analysis, heat resistance tests, brake and engine performance tests, exhaust emission analysis, etc., which is a hierarchical structure system incorporating three host computers and twenty–seven minicomputers. Finally, the future use of the CAE system is discussed.


The Hofstadter model exemplifies a large class of physical systems characterized by particles hopping on a lattice immersed in a gauge field. Recent advancements on various synthetic platforms have enabled highly-controllable simulations of such systems with tailored gauge fields featuring complex spatial textures. These synthetic gauge fields could introduce synthetic symmetries that do not appear in electronic materials. Here, in an SU(2) non-Abelian Hofstadter model, we theoretically show the emergence of multiple nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries, which combine an internal unitary anti-symmetry with fractional spatial translation. Depending on the values of the gauge fields, the nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries can exhibit non-Abelian algebra and protect Kramer quartet states in the bulk band structure, creating general four-fold degeneracy at all momenta. These nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries protect double Dirac semimetals at zero energy, which become gapped into quantum confined insulating phases upon introducing a boundary. Moreover, the parity of the system size can determine whether the resulting insulating phase is trivial or topological. Our work indicates a pathway for creating topology via synthetic symmetries emergent from synthetic gauge fields.


Based on the principles of continuum mechanics and dynamical nonlinear finite element theory,the ALE governing equations of explosives,rock and water which in the underwater bored blasting system is derived.Using multi-material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite method,the paper simulated the propagations of stress wave in rock mass in underwater drilling blast by different detonation position in practical project.The simulation results show that no matter what ways of initiation,the end-effects will always exist and affect the rock crushing quality of underwater bored blasting.Because of the reflected wave at the rock-water interface,the rock crushing quality of underwater bored blasting is improved.The effect with two detonated points is better than that with single point;the best blasting effect appears when the two detonated points locating in a quarter distances to the both end points of the explosive cylinder.This paper offers a reference for the application and safety of underwater drilling blasting projects.


This article mainly focuses on the application of XML technology in examination paper storage. Through transformation of traditional SQL SERVER or ORACLE database centralizedtechnology, examination papers are managed dispersively so as to maintain the characteristics of management-friendly, storage-friendly, share-friendly and cross-platform. Consequently, it is suitable for centralized examination time and great variety of examination subjects at higher education institutions. This solution has been applied in the network testing system of Guangdong Peizheng College, and received a rather positive effect.


Background: The IMPACT implementation support platform is a measurement and feedback system specifically designed to scale evidence-based programs and practices (EBPPs) and support high-quality implementation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate use of the IMPACT software system in terms of its acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and likelihood of adoption. Methods : Seventy-eight school-based providers (across 49 schools) participated in this study. Demographic and background information was collected in the fall of 2019. Thereafter, providers delivered the Social Skills Group Intervention (S.S.GRIN) EBPP with students as usual and used IMPACT to enter and track progress and process data for their S.S.GRIN groups. In the spring of 2020, providers completed a series of ratings to evaluate their experience with IMPACT. Providers' usage of IMPACT during the study was also tracked. Results : Providers' ratings of IMPACT for each implementation outcome were significantly higher than average ( p < 0.001), with Satisfaction, Superior Innovation, and Interface Quality being especially positive. There was a significant interaction effect where ratings were higher for providers who reported disliking implementation data tracking for S.S.GRIN at the start of the study. Greater usage was significantly associated with higher ratings of providers' capacity for tracking implementation data and a higher likelihood of recommending IMPACT to others. No significant differences in the patterns of results were found for demographic subgroups. Conclusion : IMPACT was seen as acceptable, feasible, and appropriate by school-based S.S.GRIN providers who reported likely continued use (adoption) of the innovation. IMPACT was particularly well received by those who started the study with negative impressions of implementation data tracking for S.S.GRIN. This study supports the potential utility and value for supporting ongoing implementation of school-based programs. Future research is needed to evaluate IMPACT for other EBPPs and in other service delivery settings to determine the generalizability of this study's findings.


Abstract This paper summarises Phanerozoic ooidal ironstone deposits worldwide, including Australian deposits such as the well-known channel iron deposits (CIDs). Nearly 400 occurrences have been catalogued based on stratigraphy, geographical coordinates, facies, grade, tonnage and ironbearing ore minerals. Descriptions include details on the geochemistry, genetic models and main references. Brief statistical analysis provides an overview of the variation between these deposits. This compilation offers a basis for better understanding of the ooidal ironstone deposits and a global evaluation of this important resource.


The object of this study was the surface layer of atmosphere over typical arable lands (southern chernozems) of the South of Ukraine. The subject of this study was soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O and CH4 greenhouse gases. The aim of this article was to investigate of N2O and CH4 fluxes between soil-atmosphere and determinate the main constituents of exchange processes (emission and consumption) of these gases on southern chernozem soils in 2009 – 2010.Three automatic soil chamber systems for inert gas monitoring by accumulation (SIGMA) were used for air sampling. Fortnightly or monthly samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with ECD and FID detectors.It has been shown that soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O in that region was affected by both agricultural activity and climatic condition. Annual budget for N2O has been calculated and was 215±123 g N ha-1 in 2010. For the first time a fertilizer-induced emission factor (EF) of N2O for southern chernozems has been estimated. It is noteworthy that EF for N2O was 4 times less than IPCC recommended one. Simultaneously it has been found that southern back soils were 'consumers' for CH4 to a great extent in 2010 with annual CH4 budget around -208±511 g С ha-1.According to our findings, southern chernozem croplands can be considered as a small source for N2O with 0.27% EF only, but a small sink for CH4.


Brown DB, Mackenzie JE, Dennis KK, Cullen RW. Comparison of Body Composition Techniques to Determine Body Fat in High School Wrestlers. JEPonline 2006;9(3):24-32. Rapid weight loss has been a dangerous behavior associated with the sport of wrestling. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of five body composition assessment techniques at determining body fat percentages in high school wrestlers. Eighteen male wrestlers (mean ± SD) [age: 16.2 ± 1.4 years; height: 171.9 ± 6.3 cm; mass: 74.1 ± 20.3 kg, % body fat 14.0 ± 6.7 %] participated in the study. All testing was completed during a single session with the wrestlers reporting to the laboratory having fasted and restricted fluid intake for four hours prior to testing. Height and weight were obtained followed by five different body composition assessment techniques: Underwater Weighing (UWW), Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP), Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), 3 site skinfold (3SK) and 6 site skinfold (6SK) analysis. No significant differences existed between the five testing methods (p = 0.297). Pearson correlations ranged from 0.989 to 0.805 (p ≤ 0.05) between UWW, ADP, 3SK and 6SK analyses. These data suggest that % BF may be successfully estimated in high school wrestlers by using ADP, UWW, 3SK and 6SK analyses providing that the same testing procedure is used on the same athlete throughout the season.


The increasing needs from industry for efficient and economic manufacturing lead to the emergence and rapid development of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) that integrates manufacturing simulation, advanced materials models and component performance analysis into a whole comprehensive framework, which can be used to optimize the manufacturing process, materials selection and product design. Modeling and simulation of process-structure-property is one of the primary themes of ICME. The present paper presents some latest research and development of modeling and simulation of magnesium (Mg) alloy castings at different length scales for predicting the microstructure and mechanical properties of the casting components, where macro-scale simulation of mold filling and solidification, microscale model of microstructure evolution during solidification, and mechanical property model based on structure information are demonstrated. The macro-scale simulation of the casting process took the process parameters as initial inputs and provided thermal history of the whole casting for micro-scale modeling. In the micro-scale modeling, the dendritic structure of primary phase was simulated in both two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) using a modified cellular automaton (MCA) model that takes heterogeneous nucleation, solute diffusion, interface curvature, and growth anisotropy into account. In the mechanical property modeling, main strengthening mechanisms of Mg-Al series cast Mg alloy were considered. Using the current model the yield strength distribution of Mg alloy wheel casting for automobile was predicted. Material property tests were carried out and the capability of the model was evaluated. Introduction Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) has emerged as a promising way for efficient, economic, and environmental friendly manufacturing by an integrated framework composed of manufacturing simulation, advanced materials models and component performance analysis, which can be used to optimize the manufacturing process, materials selection and product design. In the ICME framework, modeling and simulation on process-structureproperty relationship is one of the most concerned fields. The present paper presents modeling and simulation of process-structure-property for Mg alloy castings under the ICME framework. The current modeling considers the physical phenomena occurred during the production of Mg alloy casting at different length scales for predicting the microstructure and mechanical properties, in which macro-scale simulation of mold filling and 189 1 World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Edited by: John Allison, Peter Collins and George Spanos TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2011


On this and the following 2 pages appear all remaining unpublished discussions of technical papers presented at the general session of the AIEE North Eastern District meeting, New Haven, Conn., May 6-8, 1936. Members anywhere are encouraged to submit written discussions of any paper published in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, which discussion will be reviewed by the proper technical committee and considered for possible publication in a subsequent issue.


The authors claim incorrectly that Tas et al. (2006) stated that the only source for the high bromine levels is the Bromine Explosion reaction taking place within sea salt aerosols. This is defiantly wrong, and must be corrected in the text. It was explicitly stated by Tas et al. 2006 that: In the present simulation study, it was assumed that Br2 was released solely from the sea salt aerosols. This is not necessarily true, since it


Carbon dioxide reduction technology can solve the shortage of resources and climate issues like "warming of the planet". The metal-organic framework (MOF) contains well-defined active sites, a huge specific surface...


Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay. In general you can't get people to read something if they believe it is totally outside their domain of interest. Some will nevertheless read the first couple of lines to confirm what they believed that already knew. Here is a technique that could rapidly change their mind.


In this paper, the transient and steady state performance improvement of an indirect vector controlled cage induction generator is presented. Two different types of controllers, namely P-I and a hybrid of P-I and self tuned fuzzy controller are designed and simulated, for an application in wind turbine driven line connected induction generator. It is verified that the proposed hybrid controller improves the performance of the vector controlled cage induction generator system.