Purpose
Drawing from social capital theory, this study aims to investigate the manifested critical barriers in deriving and implementing gender diversity policies, paying particular attention to the role multiple directorships play in shaping the directors' behavior and the dynamic of the board of directors. The study comprehends social capital as a multi-dimensional concept and uses combinations of interconnected internal, external, expressive and instrumental networks.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a mixed-method approach through which the quantitative approach is supplemented by a qualitative research method to comprehensively examine the development and impact of female directors' networks in Australia. To do so, a large data set consisting of 2,527 observations of all Australian firms and data emerged from semi-structured interviews with female directors were brought together and analyzed.

Findings
The findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the size of women's directorate networks and firm performance. The study additionally explicates the key moderating factors influencing the optimal number of multiple directorships. The key power-based and psychological well-being-related benefits of the inter- and intra-organizational interactions and "open" directorate networks for individual directors are further discussed. The findings also elucidate the status quo vis-à-vis labyrinth metaphor and excessive numbers of directorships.

Social implications
The study should be of interest to those interested in effective gender diversity management. The findings would assist in enabling tangible outcomes for women through advanced processes and systematic investment in and institutionalization of well-structured, equitable opportunities provided via gender-responsive policies dedicated to the education and training of future female directors.

Originality/value
Calling for social dialogues and discussions on non-financial factors, this study adds to the scarce literature on influential factors related to diversity management policies and practices on the board of directors.


Icons have become an inseparable part of Graphical User Interfaces. There is well-developed literature describing novel applications of icons and methods for evaluating existing icons. However, there has been comparatively little research into the processes necessary to design effective new icons. This paper will introduce a novel design methodology for developing graphical interface components, including icons, called Presentation Discovery. The method is grounded in Semiotics and Personal Construct Theory, and adapts Knowledge Acquisition approaches to the graphical domain. A pilot study applying Presentation Discovery in a biomedical domain is presented.


Customer Base Analysis is perhaps the first stage of analysis in customer value, aiming to predict purchase frequency and customer lifecycle. An important part of the customer purchase frequency and its retention has to do with the service upgrade. Many models have tried to predict purchase frequency as well as upgrading. The comparison of these models seems important to provide academics with a picture of the current situation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate how models can predict service upgrade among a customer database of an online DVD rental company and suggest an alternative based on data mining techniques and data on historical transactions.


In conducting business activities in an organisation, there are times when unforeseen situations may occur, such as crises. A crisis may give rise to various consequences to an organisation, and may disrupt the business process. In order to overcome a crisis and to continue business as usual, a firm must first have systematic approaches in place. One of the concepts that can be implemented is business continuity management, which is not only focusing on overcoming crises but also considering how the business may be sustained. The objective of this study was to elucidate the need for business continuity management in construction services firms, particularly for Indonesian contractors. The study is based on an extensive literature review of business continuity management principles and identifying the various potential crises faced by contractors. The responses of Indonesian contractors in the context of crisis management in general and on business continuity management in particular are emphasised. From t...


Consider the following problem: Does there exist a graph with large girth and large chromatic number? The girth of a graph is the length of the shortest cycle and the chromatic number is the minimum number of colors needed to color the vertices of the graph so no two adjacent vertices have the same color. These two conditions seem contradictory, intuitively to have high chromatic number we need something dense, i.e., clusters of vertices all close to one another. On the other hand to have large girth means that locally everything looks like a tree (i.e., no local cycles) and hence locally the graph is 2-colorable. An amazing result of Erdős is that such graphs exist with girth at least g and chromatic number at least k for any positive g and k. We now give a proof using random graphs (this proof is from [4]).


Feature selection (FS) in data with class imbalance or missing values has received much attention from researchers due to their universality in real-world applications. However, for data with both the two characteristics above, there is still a lack of the corresponding FS algorithm. Due to the complex coupling relationship between missing data and class imbalance, the need for better FS method becomes essential. To tackle high-dimensional imbalanced data with missing values, this article studies a new evolutionary FS method. First, an improved $F$ -measure based on filling risk (RF-measure) is defined to evaluate the influence of missing data on the performance of FS in the case of class imbalance. Following that taking the RF-measure as an objective function, a particle swarm optimization-based FS method with fuzzy clustering (PSOFS-FC) is proposed. Two new problem-specific operators or strategies, i.e., the swarm initialization strategy guided by fuzzy clustering and the local pruning operator based on feature importance, are developed to improve the performance of PSOFS-FC. Compared with state-of-the-art FS algorithms on several public datasets, experimental results show that PSOFS-FC can achieve excellent classification performance with relatively less running time, indicating its superiority on tackling high-dimensional imbalanced data with missing values.


This paper presents a novel approach to distribute available power among critical and non-critical loads in microgrids. The approach is based on supplying power over a number of channels with distinguishable frequencies where loads could be served by these channels according to their level of importance. The multi-channel scheme not only offers flexibility to supply loads but also to share power among adjacent microgrids. The control system, which can deal with multi-channel scheme, is presented and different applications that can be offered whereby are discussed. The number of channels that can be supplied by any inverter is determined based on the parameters of the used filter. Moreover, the power exchange efficiencies over the active channels at various power levels are determined and approximated formulas for quick evaluation are presented. To verify the proposed solution performance, simulation and experimental studies were performed. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of using multi-channel scheme for power exchange in microgrid and also confirm the accuracy of the provided formula related to power exchange efficiencies.


After a discussion of various aspect of subjecthood in Cantonese the paperproposes that rather than morphological function specification one needs functionalmapping principles as provided in the LFG architecture and pragmatic-discoursecriteria to specify subject functions in Chinese and thus salvage the subject conditionin this language.In a paper titled An Optimality-Theoretic Account of Mandarin ComplexReflexive 'ta ziji' (s/he-self) Pan Haihua and Hu Jianhua of the City University ofHong Kong take up the issue of long distance binding in Mandarin, as shown in (2):(2) Johni shuo naben shu hai-le ta-zijii say that book hurt-PERF he-self'Jogn said that that book hurt himself'Their proposal lies in the exploitation of the relatively new notion of hard and softconstaints to set up a ranking that can account for the facts of complex reflexivebinding in Mandarin.Sun Maosong of Tsinghua University, Beijing in his article LFG for Chinese:Issues of Representation and Computation assesses the power of the LFG formalismwith respect of Chinese computing. According to him, LFG is quite powerful indescribing linguistic constructions of Chinese which are of relative sophistication asshown in the Mandarin sentence (3):(3) Zhang-san fang4 gou3 yao3 si3 le Li-siperson1 send dog bite die AUX person2N1 V1 N2 V2 V3 AUX N3'Zhang-san sent the dog to bite Li-si, and Li-si died.'In the author's opinion however, LFG, as a computational formalism, is still notstrong enough for computing Chinese. This evaluation of the LFG formalism should


As early as 1781 the Chinese began migrating to the American Pacific coast and those who passed away usually were buried in unmarked graves. Economic opportunities attracting more immigration in the nineteenth century coincided with the rise of labor unions and anti-Chinese movements. Riots against the Chinese and occupational hazards resulted in hundreds, if not thousands, of deaths. Since Confucianism dictated the rituals for funerals and burials for many Chinese Americans, the ideal between 1870 and the 1930s was to be buried across the Pacific in one's home town or village. For those who remained in the United States, segregated cemeteries were established until the 1970s. Chinese traditions of grave offerings and reverence for ancestors in the spring and fall continued. Events between 1931 and 1970 stopped the repatriation of bones, but in recent years high cost of travel and cemeteries in China has increased the practice of exhuming remains and bringing them back across the Pacific for a final re-burial in the West.


Penilaian Jurnal internasional : The  Effect of Manager's Knowledge of the Availability of Management Accounting Information Systems Based on Activities by Management Way to Control as an Intervening  Variable


The article shows why it is worth introducing the basics of computational linguistics in general and programming as a method of the natural language processing in particular to the linguistics students. Computational linguistics has become the basis for solving many practical tasks in the language industry. Providing the linguistics students with the basics and the methods of the computational linguistics we widen their views on linguistics and show a perspective field of their possible future engagement to them. To get acquainted with computational linguistics, students have to learn how to work with corpora and acquire the basics of programming. This article demonstrates why Python is a good choice for linguists to start learning to programme. It also suggests an approach to teaching the fundamentals of the programming in Python for such students and gives step by step the main structures which can be used for processing texts or corpora. To such structures belong strings, variables, lists, loops, print-function, split-method, incrementation, and control structure. Combining these elements one can, for instance, split text into sentences or words, count words or sentences in text or count only some concrete elements in the text which satisfy a special condition. The article also outlines how to start working with input files. The further structures of Python are named, which can be introduced to the students next so that they become able to do more operations with texts. It is stressed that teaching programming is impossible without trying out every structure, so it is important to encourage the students to write their own code experimenting with each new element of Python and offer them enough practical tasks. Some examples of such tasks are illustrated in the article.


The popularization of mobile phone facilitates information systems based on SMS.Aiming at the problem that teachers of the multi-campus university are inconvenient to ask for leave,the main patterns of mobile information systems are introduced,Web service technologies are analyzed,and the principle and the process of asking for leave based on SMS Web service are put forward.The key technologies of sending/receiving SMS messages and the platform service are studied,and the test result is given.The asking for leave system provides a new idea for university informatization,paperless and scientific management.


Due to the limitation of imaging equipment, it is difficult to acquire hyperspectral images (HSIs) with high spatial resolution directly. Existing approaches improve the resolution of HSIs by fusing multispectral image (MSI) and HSI. However, most of them are only feed-forward. They only learn low-resolution (LR) to high-resolution (HR) feature mappings without considering the ill-posedness of super-resolution tasks, leading to a large solution space of mapping functions and making it difficult to learn a complete mapping function. Moreover, there is a large resolution difference between HSI and MSI, and some up-sampling operations are inevitably employed in the network. Nevertheless, traditional upsampling methods only represent pixel points in a discrete way, failing to adequately restore the continuous spatial and spectral information. To this end, this article proposes a spatial-spectral implicit neural representation network for hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion (SS-INR). Inspired by the success of implicit neural representation (INR) in continuum reconstruction, we design spatial-INR and spectral-INR for spatial and spectral resolution reconstruction, respectively. SS-INR contains two processes: forward fusion (FF) and back-projection fusion (BPF). In the FF process, the input HSI is first spatially upsampled with spatial-INR to overcome spatial resolution differences while performing initial fusion with MSI. In the BPF process, we explore the spatial and spectral degradation processes and use them as prior knowledge for error correction. Extensive experiments on five public hyperspectral datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of SS-INR, and SS-INR achieves competitive results compared with existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) fusion methods. The source code for SS-INR will be released at https://github.com/wxy11-27/SS-INR.


The industrial control system is a complex nonlinear time-varying system, the traditional PID control is limited to linear system, and therefore the control effect is not ideal. In order to improve the control precision, this paper proposes a control method based on RBF neural network and. Firstly discrete models is identification by RBFNN controller and get PID parameters tuning information, then use single neuron controller to set the parameter so as to realize the intelligent control system. The proposed method is verified, the results show that the control method has faster response time, higher control precision compared with the traditional PID control methods; it is a strong adaptability, robustness and anti-interference ability.


Samples of LaMnO3+δwith 0≤δ≤0.18 have been prepared via a precipitation method followed by heating at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. Oxidation is accommodated by the formation of cation vacancies to give La1−eMn1−eO3withe=δ/(3+δ). Room temperature X-ray diffraction reveals a two-phase region separating an O′-orthorhombic phase stable over 0≤δ≤0.06 and a rhombohedral phase, stable in the range 0.10≤δ≤0.18, that transforms below room temperature to an O′-orthorhombic phase. Transport and magnetic studies indicate the following evolution of electronic properties with increasingδ. Oxidation creates small-polaron holes that become increasingly trapped at cation vacancies with decreasing temperature in the paramagnetic domain. Some of these trapped holes are released on cooling through the onset of long-range magnetic order. In the O′-orthorhombic structure, the trapped holes form superparamagnetic clusters below room temperature that become magnetically coupled with the onset of antiferromagnetic order in the hole-poor matrix to form a magnetic glass. The O′-orthorhombic structure sustains the cooperative Jahn–Teller deformation. The rhombohedral phase suppresses the cooperative Jahn–Teller deformation, and the hole-poor matrix becomes ferromagnetic. With increasingδ, the perovskite tolerance factor increases, and at a critical valuetc≈0.97, a transition from small-polaron to a peculiar nondispersive delocalized state of the conduction electrons occurs belowTc. At highestδ, these conduction electrons introduce a double-exchange spin–spin coupling in the matrix that varies as cos(θij/2); this ferromagnetic coupling competes with the antiferromagnetic Mn:t3–O: 2pπ–Mn:t3superexchange, which varies as cosθij. Consequently an equilibriumθijincreases withδto give a cant angle 0°≤θ≤180°, which introduces metamagnetic behavior of the matrix between clusters and a ferromagnetic magnetization that decreases relatively sharply with increasingδin the range 0.13≤δ≤0.18.


Underlay femtocells promise to enhance the coverage and rate performance of next-generation wireless networks. Nevertheless, many concerns still remain in the context of shared-spectrum operations and quality of service (QoS) provisioning at the macrocell users. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for cooperative femtocell-to-femtocell interference management based on interference draining. Accordingly, a group of femtocells can decide to cooperate and improve their downlink rate, by exploiting the available frequency-spatial directions, and still guarantee a minimum target QoS at the closest MUEs. To address this problem, we use tools from cooperative game theory that enable the femtocells to decide, in a distributed manner, on whether to cooperate or not. In the proposed framework, each femtocell access point individually decides its own cooperative strategy, and maximizes a utility function that captures the cooperative gains and the limitations due to the macrocell users QoS targets. We show that, using the proposed approach, the femtocells can self-organize into a network partition composed of disjoint groups of femtocells which form the recursive core of the cooperative game. Simulation results show significant gains in terms of average payoff per femtocell, reaching up to 23%, for a network of K = 140 FBSs, relative to the non-cooperative approach.


Catalysts with 0.5%(mass) Pd used in experiments were prepared by impregnation methods with 3mm γAl2O3 as supports. The synthesis of 3,5dimethylaniline with 3,5dimethylphenol by gas phase amination were investigated in a continuous fixed bed reactor. The effects of the pore structure of supports and various operation conditions were examined. The experimental results showed that effect of the pore structure of supports on the selectivity of the reaction product is more sensible. Under favorable conditions the reactant conversion and the product yield could be up to 90% and 75%, respectively. 


The influence of engine oil absorption on the dynamic properties of NR, NBR and their mixtures containing 50 or 75 phr of NBR modified various amounts of carbon black as filler has been investigated. It was determined that a slight absorption of oil by the NBR vulcanizates leads to an increase in the space phase angles but a decrease in the value of the module G * . A high degree of absorption of oil observed in the case of NR vulcanizates results however in a significant decrease in the δ angle as well as the G * module. The dynamic properties of the NR/NBR mixture vulcanizates did not constitute a combination, but differ in a crucial manner from the properties of the individual vulcanizates. The influence of oil absorption on the properties the tested vulcanizates depends on both the filler (carbon black) as well as the NBR content in the system. However, in the case of the 25/75 NR/NBR vulcanizates with 50 phr of the filling carbon black, a change in the values of space phase angle and group module was not observed.


A cohort of 78 infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth was followed prospectively to determine the impact of birth weight, age of assessment, and skill area on their developmental performance. Five skill areas were tested using the Griffiths Mental Scales of Development at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age. Infants were divided into three birth weight groups: <750 g, 750–1000 g, and 1001–1500 g. A significant age and skill interaction was found, with the locomotor and eye-hand skills decreasing consistently over time, and the personal-social and hearing and speech skills initially decreasing and then rising from 12 to 36 months. Infants born at <1000 g consistently performed more poorly than those born at 1001–1500 g. Explanations for the variation in scores and the implications of these findings to the evaluation of low birth weight infants are discussed.


........................................................................................................................ 5 PART I: ISOLATION OF CD166 STEM CELL-DERIVED PACEMAKER PRECURSORS: FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION TO HUMAN SUBSTRATE ....................................................................................................... 7 FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Rationale and relevance of the project ................................................................................ 9 Previous data ......................................................................................................................... 9 The project: current aims ................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 15 The heart autorhythmicity .................................................................................................. 15 Voltage-dependent calcium channels ............................................................................. 17 HCN channels and If current ............................................................................................. 18 Regulation of cardiac activity by the nervous system ....................................................... 20 The embryionic development of the heart ....................................................................... 21 Pathological alterations of the heart rhythm ..................................................................... 24 The artificial pacemaker: from electronic to biological .................................................... 26 Pluripotent stem cells: an in vitro model ........................................................................... 30 Activated Leucocyte Cell-Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 ............................. 34 MATHERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................................... 37 Embrionic Stem Cell culture and differentiation .............................................................. 37 Generation of human iPS from somatic cells .................................................................... 38 Differentiation of human iPS .............................................................................................. 38 Flow cytometry and cell sorting ......................................................................................... 39 Mouse embryo tissue sections staining .............................................................................. 40 Immunofluorescence and Video-Confocal Analysis ........................................................ 40 Neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation and (co-)cultures ....................................................... 41 Electrophysiology ................................................................................................................ 42 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 CD166 is co-expressed with HCN4 during embryonic development of the heart ......... 44 HCN channels and calcium channels are present and contribute to action potential generation in CD166-selected cells .................................................................................... 46 CD166-selected cells are able to respond to nervous system stimuli............................... 51


Objective:
To observe the effect of perceptual learning in reconstructing stereopsis of postoperative comitant exotropia.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 23 postoperative exotropic patients who underwent surgery from August 2009 to August 2011 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were recruited. By three months after surgery, all patients were aligned but did not achieve normal stereopsis when examined by the Titmus stereo test. Patients were trained by a perceptual learning method based on disparity discrimination. Disparity discriminating accuracy and stereoacuity were measured before and after training. The data were analyzed using paired t-test.

Results:
Two patients were excluded due to poor fusion. The average training time was 6.9 ± 3.8 days. After training, stereoacuity was significantly improved in all 21 patients (t=8.228, P<0.001). The disparity discriminating accuracy test showed that under disparities of 320″, 440″, and 580″, the accuracies were improved after training (t=-3.102, P=0.01; t=-2.360, P=0.02; t=-2.177, P=0.03 respectively).

Conclusions:
Perceptual learning can be used in reconstructing stereopsis for postoperative exotropic patients, and the effect can be maintained. However, the exact mechanism by which the reconstruction of stereopsis occurs need further research.

Key words:
perceptual learning; exotropia; stereopsis


The single‐crystal absorption spectrum of 1‐methyluracil, polarized along three mutually perpendicular axes, is investigated from 3200 to 2400 A at room temperature. The spectral measurements were made with a microspectrophotometer, and crystal extinction coefficients were obtained from Lambert's law plots. The spectrum polarized normal to the molecular planes uncovers an n → π* transition at 2640 A. The longest wavelength π → π* absorption band at 2755 A exhibits well‐resolved vibrational structure which broadens considerably on the high‐energy side of the band. It is suggested that this broadening results from a perturbation by the underlying n, π* state. The transition moment for the lowest π → π* transition is found to be almost parallel to the N1–C4 molecular direction. The difference of about 23° between the transition moment directions for 1‐methyluracil and 1‐methylthymine agrees well with π‐electron calculations. The exciton splitting of the 0, 0 band for the lowest π → π* transition is in qualit...


The fifth section has a focus on contextual factors. These comprise an important aspect of the ICF that has two components: environmental factors and personal factors. There are four chapters in this section that address these aspects. The final section includes one chapter on instruments relevant to assessing a child's health status and the final chapter relates to quality of life. While not all chapters follow the same format, the majority begin with an introduction that connects the construct under consideration with the ICF-YC. This introductory material is then followed by discussion about facets of the construct that need to be considered when decisions are made concerning measurement. Overviews of the recommended measures are presented and these are accompanied by summary tables that provide information about each of the instruments covered in the chapter. The tables include the purpose of the instrument, the population for whom it was intended, a description of the domain(s) measured, administration and test formatting information, a summary of its psychometric properties, information on ordering the instrument, and key references. For those who wish to go directly to material about a specific test, there is an index of the tests reviewed in the book. Because of the overlap in the domains associated with the ICF-YC, and also reflecting the fact that the majority of tests reviewed in this text were developed prior to the ICF, some measures are discussed in more than one chapter. While this might produce some initial confusion, having more than one perspective on an instrument may well be helpful. Not all instruments that have been developed to measure functioning in the domains are included in the book; however, the instruments included are generally those for which there is useful information available. There are some measures that focus on parents rather than on the child. While these are useful inclusions for those who will read Measures for Children with Developmental Disabilities, these measures do not always fit well with the stated aim of the book. It would also have been helpful if more of the descriptions had included examples of the items, as this information is helpful when considering the likely utility of an instrument. These are very minor points, however, and I would strongly recommend this book as an excellent place to begin researching available instruments to both researchers and clinicians.


There is an outburst of digitized medical data with the growing adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems but have restricted access due to legal compliances. This lack of data accessibility has piqued the interest in generating and using synthetic data. Synthetic data is programmatically generated using the statistical properties of the real dataset. Although synthetic data tackles the issue of legal compliance, there are some ethical concerns associated with it. In this paper, we discuss three ethical concerns of synthetic medical data such as fairness, privacy and unwarranted use. Further, we identify a need to develop a practical framework for statistical evaluation metrics for synthetically generated data.


We consider nontopological, 'bell-shaped' localized and regular solutions available in some 1+1-dimensional scalar field theories. Several properties of such solutions are studied, namely, their stability and the occurrence of fermion bound states in the background of a kink and a kink-antikink solution of the sine-Gordon model.


— Prospects of a further investigation of excited states of B c mesons are discussed. Preliminary estimates of the relative yield of D -wave states of B c mesons at the LHC are presented for the fi rst time. DOI: 10.1134/S106377882006006X


Along the water route, man and nature interact intimately. The flow and occupation of the water route led to a relationship that emerged naturally within its logic. However, based on a deep understanding of complex and dynamic ecological processes, the relationship between man and natural processes has changed. Control and centralization buried these processes through a system of invisible infrastructures, causing a disconnection between the water path and the landscape's ecological processes. Providing clean water and an adequate sanitation system does not represent great complexity. While essential technologies and engineering principles have been mastered, it is striking that more than one billion people in the world still lack access to clean water, and almost two billion struggle with inadequate wastewater treatment. Furthermore, water-related diseases are the leading cause of premature death in developing countries. In searching for a solution to water sources and soil pollution, we propose exploring Artificial Wetlands (AW) as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). These solutions provide environmental, social, and economic benefits. The research focuses on a hydraulic sanitation system disconnected from the central network. This system includes designing a system of artificial wetlands to treat wastewater produced by direct discharges to streams and rivers and proposes an AW in Sinincay (peripheral parish), where 42% of their territory does not have a wastewater treatment system. The results show that this phytoremediation technique is a passive and aesthetically pleasing cleaning practice that utilizes plants and solar energy to treat polluted waters. Thus, it is imperative to rethink sanitation concepts in order to integrate constructing infrastructures, ecological functions, and accessible spaces for people as a new alternative to a sustainable urban system.


T he performance of medical students and other health professional students in their basic science coursework and on standardized tests has been shown to have a strong correlation to subsequent scores on national licensing examinations. 1-4 Osteopathic and allopathic medical students in the lowest quintile of grade point average (GPA) during the first 2 years of medical school have been identified as being at the greatest risk of failure on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination–USA (COMLEX–USA) level 1 and the United States Medical Licensing Examination step 1, respectively. 4,5 In 1994, Swanson et al, 6 using the total basic science coursework GPA during the first 2 years for students at seven allopathic medical schools, demonstrated that there was a correlation of .72 to .83 to USMLE step 1 performance. In another study, Baker et al 5 demonstrated that the total GPA obtained during the first 2 years of training had a .70 correlation with performance on the COMLEX–USA level 1 (taken June 1998). While these studies clearly indicate that the GPA at the end of the second year correlates well with performance on licensing examinations, it is not an early enough screening measure to identify and intervene with students at risk of failing the COMLEX–USA level 1. National licensing examination scores have also been correlated to student performance in individual courses and subject areas. Holtman et al, 7 comparing student performance on individual basic science subject tests to scores obtained by first-time takers of the USMLE step 1 in 2000, demonstrated a correlation of .59 to .71 for the various subject areas; the two subjects with the strongest correlation were pathology (.71) and pharmacology (.70). Baker et al 6 demonstrated correlations for various courses, ranging from medical terminology (Ϫ.06) to pharmacology (.63). The National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners has developed and administers the COMLEX–USA, an examination series with three levels " designed to assess the osteo-pathic medical knowledge considered essential for osteo-pathic generalist physicians to practice medicine without supervision. " 8 Each level of the COMLEX–USA assesses knowledge that corresponds to the educational experiences of the test candidate. The COMLEX–USA level 1 emphasizes the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of medical problems and disease processes. The COMLEX–USA level 2 emphasizes medical diagnosis, focusing on the medical history and physical examination of patients. The COMLEX–USA level 3 emphasizes the management of patient problems. 8 The COMLEX–USA level 1, a …


OBJECTIVE To investigate the mutagenicity of Erianin,in order to asses it safety.METHODS The Ames test was set up using doses of 1.6,8,40,200 and 100 g/plate,the CHL test,at the dose of 0.3,1,3 and 9 g·m-1,bone marrow cell micronuclear test in mice,at the dose of 15,100 and 250 mg·kg-1. RESULTS The mutagenic activity of Erianin was not observed in TA97,TA98,TA100 or TA102 with or without S9 activation;In CHL test,the effect of chromosomal damage of Erianin was not found either in CHL cells;No significant difference in the micronuclear frequences were found in any of testing groups compared with negative control in mice.CONCLUSION Our study showed that Erianin had no mutagenicity.


The monograph, Biotechnology: Public Policy and the Social Sciences—Critical Needs in Teaching and Research [Biotechnology], emphasizes the need for social scientists to increase their participation in public policy regarding biotechnology through research, teaching and policy recommendations. The authors (Robert H. Blank, Lynton K. Caldwell, Thomas C. Wiegele, and Raymond A. Zilinskas) persuasively argue that critical issues are at stake here. Although scientific methodology and definitions underlie important choices regarding biotechnology, we face issues that go beyond scientific inquiry and expertise. Recombinant DNA research raised concerns in the late 1970s, which were sufficiently addressed through the NIH guidelines. Now commercial developments in biotechnology are posing other quite significant social and ethical issues. The idea that nonscientists should become actively involved in science policy is not new, but the message bears repeating. It has been standard practice in our society for technical experts to claim exclusive authority in broad areas of decision-making involving technical matters. Only recently, for example, have we begun to insist upon full disclosure from our doctors, and reclaim the right to make important decisions about our own lives and bodies. Technical experts cannot fully address ethical and social concerns. Moreover, in the area of biotechnology, experts have strong interests, both intellectual and financial; they are not likely to make unbiased decisions. These choices properly belong to the political realm.


The article is devoted to the studying of antient Greek pottery on the example of the centers of the Lower Buh River region in the works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars. An analysis of publications on the production of local ceramics, production areas of Olbia and the settlement on Berezan island at different times is offered; the main tendencies of studying the raw material base of the region are considered. The article was prepared as a part of the Scientific and Research Work (SRW) of young researchers of the NAS of Ukraine 2021—2022: «Raw material base as a factor in the development of pottery of the antient centers of the North-Western Black Sea Coast (Olbia and Berezan)» (state registration No. 0121U112024).


In particular, the Topical problems in education and science: mass media review heading contains bibliographic reviews on present challenges in education and science; the Assisting academic staff heading is aimed at providing information and bibliographic support to research studies; the Assisting teachers, class teachers and educators heading contains a wide range of bibliographic tools that will help academic staff to make and introduce new curriculums, to improve themselves systematically, to update forms, methods and means of their work. V. O. Sukhomlynskyi SSPL of Ukraine prepares bibliographic tools according to the following national, state programmes and concepts, and decrees of the President: The rights of the child as the highest value, 2016 is the Year of English in Ukraine, How to educate a citizenpatriot of Ukraine. The statistics of headings browsing by distant users for the period 2012–2017 indicates growing interest in bibliographic tools. The attention is paid to the following benefits of electronic bibliographic tools: access to publications for several users simultaneously, free copying or mailing copies, material resources saving. It is concluded that bibliographic tools are an important source in the system of reference and bibliographic service. The themes of bibliographic editions for 2018 are presented. The perspectives of further research are outlined, in particular, to conduct statistical monitoring regarding the number of browsing of the library electronic bibliographic resources by distant users and identify the most popular headings.


The utility model provides a transparent electric conductive glass, which comprises a transparent glass substrate, a protection layer and a TCO film layer deposited on the surface of the protection layer, the protection layer is deposited on a SiNxOy compound film layer on the surface of the glass substrate, wherein, x>0, 0<y<2. The protection layer of the transparent electric conductive glass of the utility model not only can blocking metallic ions such as Na+ and the like in the glass to enter into the TCO film layer, but also can enable the protection layer to have optimum reduction effect, the transparent electric conductive glass prepared by the protection layer can be widely applied to fields such as solar cell, LCD display and the like.


Previous studies have suggested that oxygen-derived free radicals are involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Specifically, neutrophils have been shown to mediate postischemic ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial necrosis. We hypothesized that MI/R injury would be reduced in the absence (2/2) of NADPH oxidase. Heterozygous control mice (n 523) and NADPH oxidase –/– mice (n524) were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial area at risk per left ventricle was similar in heterozygous control hearts (55 63%) and NADPH oxidase –/– hearts (6164%). Contrary to our hypothesis, the size of infarct area at risk was similar in the heterozygous control mice (42 64%) and NADPH oxidase –/– mice (3465%) (P5not significant). In addition, echocardiographic examination of both groups revealed that left ventricle fractional shortening was similar in NADPH oxidase –/– mice (n58; 2762.5%) and heterozygous control mice (n 510; 23.363.3%) after MI/R. Superoxide production, as detected by cytochrome c reduction, was significantly impaired ( P,0.01) in NADPH oxidase mice (n56) compared with heterozygous mice (n 57) (0.0460.03 versus 2.260.08 nmol O2·min ·10 cells). Intravital microscopy of the inflamed mesenteric microcirculation demonstrated that leukocyte rolling and adhesion were unaffected by the absence of NADPH oxidase. Oyster glycogen-stimulated neutrophil transmigration into the peritoneum was also similar in both the heterozygous control mice and NADPH oxidase –/– mice (P5not significant). These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase does not contribute to the development of myocardial injury and dysfunction after MI/R. (Circ Res. 2000;87:812–817.)


This study uses a longer time period and additional stocks to further investigate the weekend effect. We find consistently negative Monday returns (1) for the S & P Composite as early as 1928, (2) for Exchange-traded stocks of firms of all sizes, and (3) for actively traded over-the-counter (OTC) stocks. The OTC results are based on bid prices and therefore appear to reject specialist-related explanations. For the 30 individual stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Index, the average correlation between Friday and Monday returns is positive and the highest of all pairs of successive days. The latter finding is inconsistent with fairly general measurement-error explanations. SOME OF THE MOST puzzling empirical findings reported in recent years indicate that the distribution of common stock returns varies by day of the week. Most notably, the average return for Monday (close Friday to close Monday) is significantly negative. Cross [3] and French [6] find negative Monday returns using the Standard and Poor's Composite Index, and Gibbons and Hess [7] find negative Monday returns for the 30 individual stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Index.1 This negative Monday return, or "weekend effect," has yet to be explained. This study undertakes a further investigation of the weekend effect in stock returns. We examine additional time periods, extending the total period covered to 55 years; we examine additional stocks, such as those of small (low-capitalization) firms and those traded over the counter. In all cases, the data exhibit a weekend effect that is at least as strong as that reported in previous studies. The study also readdresses potential explanations for the effect, such as measurement error, but concludes that none of these explanations is satisfactory. The first section presents a history of the weekend effect from 1928 through 1982 based on the Standard and Poor's Composite Index. We essentially double the length of the period (beginning in 1953) examined by French [6]. The results indicate consistently negative Monday returns throughout the 55-year period. During much of the 25-year period from 1928 through 1952, the New York Stock Exchange was open on Saturdays, so Monday's return is then computed from Saturday's close to Monday's close.2 These returns for "one-day" weekends are consistently negative and not significantly different from the "two-day" weekend


Summary: The development of clinical ultrasound was perhaps the greatest revolution in the medical profession during the last half century. The rapid evolution allowed novel uses od US in almost every field of medical practice. Its best use, probably has been in the hands of the anesthetists, who employ it the operating room, in the pain clinic as well as in the emergency room and in the intensive care units. Apicare Journal has strived to introduce this novel modality in this part of the world by editorials and research papers. This invited editorial has been written by one of the best US and POCUS teams in Pakistan, at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. It offers a brief introduction to some of the countless options in which it can be used. The authors stress on the availability of US facility and the training to all clinicians. Key words: POCUS (Point of Care Ultrasound); FAST Scan; eFAST Scan; Pain; Pain Management; Anesthetist; Stethoscope; Gastroparesis; Airway Citation: Ayub L, Dar SR, Chaudhary WA. POCUS: the anesthetist's emerging stethoscope. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(6):736−738; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i6.2065Received: October 26, 2022; Revised: October 29, 2022; Accepted: October 29, 2022


This paper presents the new high-performance circuit architecture of the transform and quantization for unified video CODEC. The proposed architecture can be applied to all kinds of transforms for the video compression standards such as JPEG, MPEG-1/2/4, H.264 and VC-1. It exploits the similarity of 4-point DCT and 8-point DCT using permutation matrices. Since our circuit accepts the transform coefficients from the users, it can be extended very easily to cover any kind of DCT-based transforms for future standards. The multipliers in the transform circuit are shared by the quantization circuit in order to minimize the circuit size. The quantization operations are performed using spare clock cycles during the transform operations in order to minimize the number of clock cycles required. We described the proposed transform circuit at RTL and verified its operation on FPGA board.


Significance When we reach for something, we also look at it. If we reach for two objects at once, one with each hand, we look first at one and then the other. It is not known which brain areas underlie this coordination. We studied two parietal areas known to be involved in eye and arm movements. Neither area was sensitive to the order in which the targets were looked at. This implies that coordinated saccades are driven by downstream areas and not by the parietal cortex as is commonly assumed. We often orient to where we are about to reach. Spatial and temporal correlations in eye and arm movements may depend on the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Spatial representations of saccade and reach goals preferentially activate cells in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the parietal reach region (PRR), respectively. With unimanual reaches, eye and arm movement patterns are highly stereotyped. This makes it difficult to study the neural circuits involved in coordination. Here, we employ bimanual reaching to two different targets. Animals naturally make a saccade first to one target and then the other, resulting in different patterns of limb–gaze coordination on different trials. Remarkably, neither LIP nor PRR cells code which target the eyes will move to first. These results suggest that the parietal cortex plays at best only a permissive role in some aspects of eye–hand coordination and makes the role of LIP in saccade generation unclear.


MR fluid squeeze mode investigations at CVeSS have shown that MR fluids show large force capabilities in squeeze mode. It was found that MR fluids in squeeze mode may be used in a wide range of applications such as engine mounts and impact dampers. In these applications, MR fluid is flowing in a dynamic environment due to the transient nature of inputs and system characteristics. The research presented in this article undertakes the problem of dynamic testing and modeling of MR fluid squeeze mounts. Dynamic tests of an MR mount are studied for different applied currents, initial gaps, frequencies, and excitation amplitudes. An effective mathematical model of the MR squeeze mount for steady-state testing was built which includes the effect of the inertia of the fluid. The results show that the compression force and the area of the hysteresis loop increase with the increase of excitation amplitude or applied current and it will decrease with the increase of frequency or initial gap. Also, the inertia effect becomes more significant for higher displacement frequencies. The mathematical model agrees with the test data very well during the compression process and it can be used for the dynamics analysis and the real-time control.


The Jobs Victoria Innovation Fund is a $3 million initiative of Jobs Victoria. The Fund has been established to support new and innovative approaches to employment support and employment services through the provision of small grants.


Active development of technological processes and quick entrenchment of Internet communication mechanisms into all the spheres of human activity inevitably provided capabilities for formation of a barrier-free communication environment that forms communities out of its participants. Initially, formation of the net community was based upon trust to the resource itself. The development of social networking sites and blogs allowed any Internet user to play a role of media author and to share their experience. Thus, there was a fast shift of accents from the importance of a resource to the importance of the user themselves, the one who creates and communicates the usergenerated content. Social discourse starts forming on the foundation of the personal experience of the Internet-media authors. The process of political management was extended with a phenomenon of Consumer-Generated Media (CGM), based upon information media content. This algorithm of shifting management accents witness to a possible new round of development of netocratic management processes and that of


This whitepaper is responsive to focal area (2) Predictive modeling through the use of AI techniques and AI-derived model components: the use of AI and other tools to design a prediction system comprising of a hierarchy of models (e.g., AI driven model/component/parameterization selection). Here we describe scale-aware ML models for adaptive model refinement that allow us to bridge the spatial and/or temporal scales in simulation models and observation data for capturing and predicting extreme water cycles.


Proper modeling using an FEM electromagnetic simulator leads to the design of a low-cost, lightweight GPS patch antenna capable of excellent multipath rejection.


Introduction: The soil ionization is an important phenomenon to be considered in the analysis of grounding electric systems. When lightning strikes a grounded structure, the electric field associated with the high impulsive current injected into the grounding conductors may cause the soil around them to breakdown (see Figure 1). This phenomenon causes a decrease in the electric potential in the area of soil ionization and consequently reduces the value of the ground impedance [1, 2]. Several mathematical models have been proposed to take into account the dynamic effect of soil ionization on grounding systems submitted to lightning currents. Some of them, like the Dynamic Model (DM) and the Energy Balance Model (EBM) make use of analytical functions to represent the space-time variation of the soil resistivity [3, 4]. In this way, the main goal of this work is to use the COMSOL Multiphysics® software as a modeling tool for grounding topologies subjected to lightning currents, taking into account the soil ionization effects predicted by the DM and EBM methods. Although COMSOL has been used successfully for many years in solving a lot of physical and engineering problems, apparently it has not been used in applications involving the transient behavior of grounding systems. Then, another objective of this work is to demonstrate that this software appears as an attractive alternative to be used as a computational tool in studies related to this subject matter. COMSOL Multiphysics Utilization: To perform the time domain simulations, the AC/DC Module was used. The 3D domain was discretized using ExtraFine adaptive meshes. Figure 2 show a flowchart of the algorithm of the proposed procedure developed to implement the soil ionization methods using LiveLinkTM for MATLAB®. Results: As example in this abstract, the modeling and simulation results for a concrete pole base acting as a grounding topology for overhead power distribution lines are shown. The geometric and mesh characteristics used to model a "Double T" type concrete pole base are presented in Figure 3. The distribution of the equipotential lines is shown in Figure 4a. Furthermore, Figures 4b and 4c show the voltage at the injection point and the transient ground impedance obtained for the DM and EBM models, respectively. Conclusions: This work has proposed a procedure that allows modeling grounding systems with COMSOL Multiphysics® and MATLAB® taking into account the soil ionization effects according to the Dynamic and Energy Balance models. Comparisons between calculated results and those reported in the technical literature showed a satisfactory agreement. In the full paper more simulations showing the behavior of both ionization models for some typical grounding topologies used in electric distribution systems will be presented. Reference [1] V. Cooray, "Lightning Protection", IET Power and Energy Series, Vol. 58, 2010. [2] L. Grcev, "Modeling of grounding electrodes under lightning currents", IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 51, No. 3, Aug. 2009. [3] G. Ala; P. L. Buccheri; et al, "Finite difference time domain simulation of earth electrodes soil ionization under lightning surge condition", IET Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 134-145, 2008. [4] S. Sekioka et al., "Current-Dependent Grounding Resistance Model Based on Energy Balance of Soil Ionization", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 194-201, Jan. 2006. Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Ground electrode associated with soil ionization. Figure 2: Flowchart of simulation procedure. Figure 3: Geometric dimensions of the simulated concrete pole base. Figure 4: Simulation results: a) distribution of the equipotential lines for a concrete pole base; b) voltage at the injection point (DM-blue and EBM-red); c) transient ground impedance (DM-blue and EBM-red).


We calculate the photon echo decay for a strongly coupled electron–phonon system, without making unrealistic assumptions about excitation pulse durations. We find that asymptotically, the photon echo decay is exponential, and we provide a formal expression for the decay rate 1/T2 which is independent of pulse duration. In contrast to the usual results, our expression for 1/T2 is nonperturbative in the electron–phonon interaction. We calculate the dependences of the echo amplitude on pulse power and duration, finding that the strong electron–phonon coupling modifies the simple two level system result. We also focus on the relationship between the zero phonon line shape in the homogeneous optical absorption spectrum, and the photon echo decay rate. We find that the zero phonon line shape is Lorentzian, with width 1/πT2. We show that the usual optical Bloch equation approach to analyzing time‐domain experiments, which normally is only applicable if the electron–phonon coupling is weak, can be extended to the...


Following discussions between the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith and the Imperial College of Science and Technology, it was decided to hold a short intensive course in scientific methods for medical graduates. The course was given mainly by staff from Imperial College, the students being from the Royal Postgraduate Medical School. The course has been run on this first occasion very much in the nature of an experiment. Due to the interest shown it seems proper to publish the results even though they must at this early stage be somewhat tentative. This paper gives a critical evaluation of the experiment, outlines the objectives of the course, describes the teaching techniques employed, and then examines the degree of success obtained.


Higher-order thinking gains a positive role in language assessment since it is compulsory to be implemented in the teaching-learning and evaluation system of the latest curriculum. The implementation of HOTS in English tests assists students in practicing their analytical, critical, and problem-solving skills in real life. It is essential to know how the hots question is narrated in English summative assessment. Myriad research has examined the thinking level applied in English summative tests. However, there has been less previous evidence for portraying how the hots questions were being narrated. This study specifically employed a case study as a research design with content analysis as the technique to analyze the data. Three papers of the English summative test of the first, second, and third grades of junior high school became the source of the data. The result highlighted that the ninth-grade English summative test applied higher-order thinking in 72% of both multiple choice and essay. The thinking levels used are giving a solution, giving a recommendation, giving an opinion, making judgments, and interpreting. This study discovered how English teachers also, as the test designers, formulate hots questions in English summative tests.


Summary.  Background: Even though quality of life (QoL) has become a key component of medical care, there is no instrument available that specifically measures QoL after pulmonary embolism (PE). Recently, the Pulmonary Embolism Quality of Life (PEmb‐QoL) Questionnaire has been developed to address this gap. Objective: To evaluate the validity of the PEmb‐QoL questionnaire. Methods: We distributed the PEmb‐QoL questionnaire and the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaire twice among consecutive subjects with a history of objectively confirmed acute PE. Internal consistency reliability, test‐retest reliability, convergent validity and criterion validity, and correlations between the PEmb‐QoL and clinical patient characteristics were assessed using standard‐scale construction techniques. Results: Ninety participants completed the questionnaires twice. Internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach's α 0.62–0.94), as well as test‐retest reliability (intra‐class correlation coefficients: 0.78–0.94). Furthermore, correlation between the PEmb‐QoL questionnaire and the SF‐36 questionnaire supported convergent validity. Age, obesity, cardiopulmonary comorbidity, centrally located PE and a family history of venous thromboembolism were shown to be independent determinants of disease‐specific QoL. Conclusion: The PEmb‐QoL questionnaire is a reliable instrument to specifically assess QoL following PE, which is helpful in the identification of patients with decreased QoL following acute PE.


Purpose – Knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC) are believed to influence each other, and the relationship between the two constructs is of vital importance to organizational effectiveness. While a two‐way relationship between KM and IC is conceivable, the relevant empirical research has yet to produce satisfactory evidences on the nature of the relationship between the two constructs. This paper aims to empirically investigate the plausible KM‐IC two‐way relationship in the Egyptian software industry.Design/methodology/approach – This research adopts a cross‐sectional field survey strategy. It adopts a research model depicting a two‐way relationship between KM processes and IC dimensions. Two sets of hypotheses describing the predicted mutual influence between KM and IC are proposed. An instrument was adopted to collect the required data set on KM processes and IC dimensions from 38 Egyptian software firms. The partial least squares (PLS) procedure was used to assess the measurement mod...


Inductive coupling is becoming a design concern for global interconnects in advanced technologies. This paper discusses interconnect delay variation due to inductive coupling. We first examine the difference in delay change curve with respect to relative transition timings of aggressors and victim between with and without considering inductive coupling by simulation. We verify that the difference in delay change curve due to inductive coupling is also observed in measurement of test chips


As a Gray System,the monitoring deformation value of foundation pit engineering has a definite character of gray,and it establishes the equal step lengths and unequal step lengths of monitoring deformation value of deep excavation called GM(1,1)predicting model,based on Grey Theory.The practical application demonstrates that the deformation of deep excavation-grey predicting model that the article established is better for application,and has a definite effect on guiding excavation and retaining of deep excavation.


Plant Science
A symbiosis between certain bacteria and their plant hosts delivers fixed nitrogen to the plants. Griesmann et al. sequenced several plant genomes to analyze why nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is irregularly scattered through the evolutionary tree (see the Perspective by Nagy). Various


There is an ongoing need for economical, lightweight, stable mirror substrates which are capable of high optical performance in the visible and the infrared. Metal matrix composite (MMC) materials were selected as one class of materials suitable for meeting such needs. The economical fabrication of MMC materials into lightweight mirror structures requires unique machining and heat treating methods. These methods were developed for the fabrication of a high quality MMC lightweighted mirror which is described below.


The aim of this study was to identify the most adequate level of calcium oxide (CaO) in the treatment of sugar cane by evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. The sugar cane was homogenized with CaO levels 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5%, in natura matter, for 24 hours. The dry matter and mineral matter increased, while the organic matter of the sugar cane decreased (P <0.05) linearly as a result of the CaO levels. The CaO had no effect on the levels of crude protein and ether extract. The phosphorus concentration remained unchanged, but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the calcium content. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased linearly with the levels of CaO. The average levels of indigestible dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased with increasing levels of CaO. The results showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was different between fresh sugar cane and sugar cane with added levels of CaO from 1.5%. The IVDMD and nutritional value of the sugar cane was improved by adding 1.5% CaO based on fresh content.


We revisit the holographic description of the near horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole in AdS 3 gravity, with a gravitational Chern–Simons term included. After a dimensionalreductionof the three dimensionaltheory,we use the framework of nAdS 2 /nCFT 1 to describe the near horizon physics. This setup allows us to contrast the role of the gravitational and conformalanomaly inherited from AdS 3 /CFT 2 in the symmetry breaking mechanism of nAdS 2 /nCFT 1 . Our results display how boundary conditions in the 3D spacetime, combined with the gravitational anomaly, affect the holographic description of the near horizon of the black hole relative to the physics near the AdS 3 boundary.


A discrete aspect of the relationship between the Commonwealth Parliament and the federal, or 'Chapter III', courts which emerges in the scenario where Parliament purports to amend the law that the courts are required to apply in pending cases is examined. The extent to which this principle entrenched as law in the Australian Constitution [2] was able to limit Parliament's power to protect the independence of the federal courts to interpret and apply the law in an individual adjudication is explored.


Landslide poses a great threat to the safety of local communities, engineering construction and operation. Accurate monitoring and successful early-warning of rapid landslides using conventional techniques with constant and sparse sampling strategy remains a challenge in geo-disaster research and mitigation. Sampling and uploading all sensor data to cloud imposes huge burden on the power supply and radio bandwidth, which greatly reduces the long-term stability and robustness of the wireless sensor in field. With aim to achieve the best powerful sensing ability based on limited power and bandwidth of sensor, we proposed a low-cost and energy efficient wireless crack-meter sensor integrated with intelligent computing architecture for rapid deformation monitoring. A self-adaptive data sampling and uploading algorithm based on the variation of objective physical value was implemented in the embedded microcontroller of sensor node, and only the valuable information derived from sensor data to the cloud server. Experimental results demonstrated that the intelligent sensing approach can effectively collect the crucial data at a high frequency during accelerating deformation of landslide, while only update status at several hours during non-deformation phase. Several landslide monitoring applications have proved that this intelligent sensing can significantly and effectively enhance the success rate and real-time performance of early-warning for rapid landslide.


This work presents method for design of refractive index profile of silica GeO2-doped graded-index multimode optical fibers 50/125 with low differential mode delay (DMD) for operation at wavelength 1550 nm. Here the objective function is represented as a sum of squares of deviations between points of current iteration group velocity map, which has been calculated over modes with particular orders, and certain reference group velocity value. During the objective function formation it is proposed to take into account only selected excited guided modes, that depend on launch conditions. Some results of introduced method approbation under singlemode Fabry-Perot laser excitation with central and offset launch conditions are represented.


An orthogonal array design was applied to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of color pigments from chili powder.Microwave showed a significant synergistic effect on the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of chili pigments.The optimum conditions for ultrasonic/microwave-assisted of chili pigments were found to be ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent,50 ℃,1:8(g/mL) of solid-to-solvent ratio,30 min of ultrasonic treatment with an output power of 190 W followed by 10 min of microwave treatment with an output power of 500 W.Under the optimized conditions,the yield of chili pigments was 4.78%.


The article analyzes the socio-political activities of the writer F. Kryukov and the evolution of his views. While working as a history and geography teacher, he sharply criticized and publicly evaluated the capabilities of the state education system. During the 1905 revolution, he was a Deputy of the 1st State Duma, the founder of the party of People's Socialism, and opposed the participation of the Cossacks in suppressing the revolution. During the Stolypin reaction, he published his stories about the Cossacks in the neonational magazine "Russian Wealthˮ and was criticized by V. I. Lenin. During the First world war, Kryukov acted as a supporter of "war to the bitter endˮ and became a supporter of conservative political views. After February, he re-entered political life. In April 1917, he was a delegate to the Military Congress in Novocherkassk and a candidate for the Constituent Assembly from the Don Army. Kryukov did not accept the October revolution and the idea of social equality and categorically condemned it. He became a Deputy and Secretary of the Military Circle and editor of the newspaper "Don Statementsˮ, where he published more than 30 articles and essays about the White Movement and the Cossacks. His journalism of the period demonstrated the ultra-pedigree position of the representative of the vendean part of the Cossacks. Kryukov became a counterrevolutionary, abandoning the people's socialist ideals. This transformation of worldview values was logical, since it was based on the Cossack self-consciousness and self-perception laid down from childhood and youth. At every stage of evolution as a politician, Kryukov was a prominent figure in public life, which makes him one of the most prominent figures of the Don land.


Biological viruses are the world smallest microorganism that survives and dependant on other organisms. Biological viruses have impact on different communities like human, plant and animal. Viruses affect along with their hosts and have been recently classified using ontologies. The Biological Viruses Community Ontology (BVCO) contains different viral communities that allow investigating different biological viruses and its impact on those communities. The BVCO based on Core Ontology (Biological Viruses Ontology) which has the viruses definition and Species Ontology which contains the communities of living organism. This all-ontological information will help us to classify and analyze the impact of viruses on different communities. Viruses have badly and beneficial influences, as infectious diseases or a biological weapon, plant virus transmission process, marine nutrient and energy cycles, virus impacts continues to spread all over the world. The current study aims to define the good or bad impacts of virus on society.


1. Sarnoff SJ, Berglund E: Neurohemodynamics of pulmonary edema. IV. Effect of systemic vasoconstriction and subsequent vasodilation on flow and pressures in systemic and pulmonary vascular beds. Am J Physiol 170: 588, 1952 2. Imperial ES, Levy MN, Zieske H Jr: Outflow resistance as an independent determinant of cardiac performance. Circ Res 9: 1148, 1961 3. Sonnenblick EH, Downing SE: Afterload as a primary determinant of ventricular performance. Am J Physiol 204: 604, 1963 4. Wilckin DEL: Effect of alterations in aortic impedance on the performance of the ventricles. Circ Res 14: 283, 1964 5. O'Rourke MF, Taylor MG: Input impedance of the systemic circulation. Circ Res 20: 365, 1967 6. Sonnenblick EH, Ross J Jr, Braunwald E: Oxygen consumption of the heart. New concept of its multifactorial determination. Am J Cardiol 22: 328, 1968 7. Urschel CW, Covell JW, Sonnenblick EH, Ross J Jr, Braunwald E: Myocardial mechanics in aortic and mitral valvular regurgitation: the concept of instantaneous impedance as a determinant of the performance of the intact heart. J Clin Invest 47: 867, 1968 8. Cohn JN: Blood pressure and cardiac performance. Am J Med 55: 351, 1973 9. Cohn JN: Vasodilator therapy for heart failure. The influence of impedance on left ventricular performance. Circulation 47: 5, 1973 10. Milnor WR: Arterial impedance as ventricular afterload. Circ Res 36: 565, 1975 11. Ross J Jr: Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 18: 255, 1976


Here, a two‐dimensional (2D) hole‐type square lattice photonic crystal is shown to achieve invisibility cloaking based on all‐angle self‐collimation. The proposed structure, which is composed of the high‐refraction‐index dielectric material PbTe (nPbTe ≈ 6), is applicable in the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) frequency range. The cloaking region is capable of hiding any object of any shape and size since the incoming wave does not interact with the cloaked object. The optimization process and the functionality of the proposed structure are investigated by equal frequency contour analysis and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.


Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that frequently follows an aggressive clinical course, with 5-year overall survival (OS) ranging from 17% to 85% [1]. Previous management comprised intensive chemotherapy regimens with or without autologous stem cell transplantation, however this was limited by chemotherapy-related toxicities especially in older patients. There has since been a trend towards the use of chemotherapy-free treatments, with the aim of prolonging disease remission while minimising toxicity. Ibrutinib is an orally administered first-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that was licenced as first-line treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic [2]. It binds to cysteine 481 within the ATP binding site of the BTK kinase domain. It also reacts with other TEC kinases (BMX, ITK, BLK) distributed in various tissues, resulting in side effects such as atrial fibrillation and bleeding [3–5]. Here, we report a case of acute haemothorax in a patient with MCL, 3 months after the initiation of ibrutinib as first-line therapy.


The neutron-rich nucleus ~(11)Li is separated by the radioactive ion beam line RIBLL at HIRFL from the breakup of 50MeV/u ~(13)C on Be target.The total reaction cross sections for ~(11)Li at energies range from 25 to 45MeV/u on Si target have been measured by using the transmission method.The experimental data at high and low energies can be fitted well by Glauber model using two Gauss density distribution.The matter radius of ~(11)Li was also deduced.


@glitch Yeah anything you can do to move it up in priority some way to map title element in a project to the url or


We consider the problem of recovering a signal from the norms of its linear transforms. We formulate the recovery as a minimization problem, and propose algorithms for solving the formulation. We discuss the convergence of the algorithms and compare their behaviors. We demonstrate the usefulness of the formulation/algorithm on the problem of recovering positions of points given their pairwise distances.


Since 1964, massive amounts of suspended sediments have deposited at the Egyptian-Sudanese border with almost 90% in Sudan and 10% in Egypt. Studies indicate that between 1964 and 2000, approximately 3.7Bm 3 of sediments have deposited in the Aswan High dam reservoir. Baha Abulnaga and Moustafa EL-Sammany explain how these rich sediments can be mined using moden lake mining techniques.


System associated with determining the weight in the machine learning environment, devices, and techniques for a method is described generally. In some instances, it may be identified fitness distribution of the training data, information about the test distribution test data, and coordinating the training data and the test data may be identified. The difference between the test distribution and training distribution may be determined for coordination. Weighting importance parameter may be identified for coordination. The processor can calculate the weight based on the basis of the difference, and the weight importance parameter. Weights, the training distribution, may be configured to adapt the test distributed in fit. Fit may be based on a weighting importance parameter.


The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of interpersonal communication training through homeroom technique in group guidance to improve the self-disclosure of the students in Grade VIII of State Junior High School. This research used the quasi experimental method with the non-equivalent control group design. It involved two groups, experimental group and control group. Each group consisted of 10 students. The data of research were collected through questionnaire and observation sheet. They were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U's test. The result of the Mann-Whitney U's test shows that the p value = 0.001. The result of the observation sheet shows that there was an increase in the students' self-disclosure. Thus, the interpersonal communication training through homeroom technique in group guidance is effective to improve the self-disclosure of the students in grade VIII of State Junior High School


Beam instabilities observed in ADONE were studied. The interaction of a single particle betatron oscillation with conductive plates was analyzed. First, Fourier analysis of the field source was performed, then the usual approach to determine the plate response was used by treating the plates as transmission lines. Finally, with a process of anti-transformation the total response to the oscillation of a single particle was constructed. The wake field decays over a distance which is of the order of magnitude of the length of the plates themselves. Nevertheless, the shape of the wake field depends on the terminating independence. Several cases, for instance matched, open and shorted plates are considered. (auth)


The paper presents a new and simple expression for computing the probability on an arbitrary wedge-shaped region between two different phase angles when the signal vector is perturbed by two-dimensional Gaussian noise in the presence of a quadrature error. The two-dimensional Gaussian Q-function is used to characterize the expression. The expression can be very useful for computing the analytical error probability of the M-ary phase shift keying system operating in various channel environments.


In an indoor optical wireless link laser beam carrying the information propagates through a room and reflects on walls and various objects. Multiple reflections and multipath distortions occur when using this link. A power budget of the indoor optical wireless link and a model of the surface reflectivity are presented in the contribution. The directional properties of the surface reflectivity are simulated by an empirical mathematical function characterizing reflectivity and directional reflectance of the surface. In the last part of the paper an experimental setup for verification of the created empirical function is presented.


Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic inflammatory disease in which cytokines play an important role. The aim of present study was to evaluate the exon 5 +3953 IL-1β and IL-2 -330 promoter polymorphisms in patients with RA in association with disease activity and severity.


Administration officials said last week that they will press for quick Senate ratification of the chemical weapons treaty and will work closely with affected industry once the treaty enters into force. The officials spoke at an American Bar Association seminar in Washington, D.C., on implementation of the chemical accord. A central focus of the seminar was potential constitutional issues that the treaty raises because of its effects on private industry. The chemical arms treaty is the first accord to outlaw a whole class of weapons by banning their production, possession, and transfer. It calls for destruction of all chemical weapons and production facilities within 10 years after it takes effect. And it sets up an intrusive verification scheme to ensure that signatory countries and their civilian industry do not make or acquire these weapons. The treaty also requires that U.S. chemical companies, as well as those in other countries, open their plants to international inspectors. ...


The purpose of this study is to identify key retail store attributes that impact customer satisfaction. The conceptual model is developed with the help of extant literature and expert opinion. The study analyzes the relationship among the store attributes, customer satisfaction, advocacy, and repurchase intention to provide operational insights to retail store managers concerning key store attributes. In particular, jewellery stores in India are selected for this research investigation. The data from jewellery stores and customers located in the Gwalior district is collected using the convenience sampling. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method is used for model validation and data analysis. The results reveal that the store-related attributes, product-related attributes, and service qualityrelated attributes have a positive influence over customer satisfaction. In these three attribute categories, the most sought factors by consumers were store layout & ambience, product durability, and overall assistance, respectively. Further, the customer satisfaction is found to affect advocacy and repurchase intention. The study suggests that jewellery store managers should focus on managing the select store attributes identified in this study to improve customer satisfaction, advocacy, and repurchase intentions. Though the study is conducted in the context of Indian jewellery stores, the insights are equally useful and explorable in other retail stores situated at diverse locations.


Objective:Research of clinical significance and image contrast of the concentration of the soft tissues outside bones on the bone scanning of the whole body by using MDP.Materials and Methods:Pathological types of primary cancer were 2 adenocarcinoma of the lung,1 small cell lung cancer,2 liver cancer and 1 for nasopharygeal cancer,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,rectal cancer,osteocarcinoma and malignant neurilemmoma respectively.Results:11 cases had single images of soft tissues.1 case had multiple lesion image.The locations of images were the lung in 4 patients,the liver in 2 patients,the thoracic wall in 2 patients,the muscle in 2 patients and the lymph node in 2 patients.Compared with the results detected by CT,MRI,X-ray and ultrasound B,the results detected by nuclide imaging was the same.Conclusion:The concentration of soft tissues by using radionuclide imaging has certain clinical significance.The judgement should be combined with clinical materials.The factors of abnormal intake of various soft tissues should be precluded.In cancer patients,the existence of malignant tumors in soft tissues should be considered first.


Dynamical supersymmetry in nuclei is derived from the U(6) symmetry of the IBA. Examples of calculated level schemes for 197Au, 196Pt, 198Pt, and 199Pt are compared with experimental results. (AIP)


THE aims of systematics are twofold; they are firstly to give names to organisms and secondly to reflect, as far as is possible, the relationships between organisms by arranging them in a hierarchy of families, orders, classes and phyla. Neither function is fulfilled adequately in modern systematics and, as it stands, the science is arbitrary, approximate and unsatisfactory. There are distinguishable groups of organisms which are not differentiated taxonomically and the relationships between organisms are not adequately shown in the present systematic edifice; both of these defects will be discussed in this paper. It is possible to contrive a number of makeshift improvements in taxonomic procedure which will mitigate this situation, but if they are carried to their logical conclusion, as they must be in any exact science, they will result in a ridiculous and unworkable solution. The difficulties with which systematics is faced are fundamental and inherent in taxonomic procedure and the alternative is an entirely new taxonomic procedure which will permit an exact science of systematics to be developed. This will involve the divorcing of the two functions of systematics, but the only solution which appears to offer some promise of permanency seems to be impracticable in the present state of our knowledge. We are thus left with a dilemma; modern systematics is inadequate, but the alterations needed to make it a satisfactory and exact science are beyond our capabilities. While we may be able to do little or nothing about the deficiencies of systematics, it is worth bearing them in mind, for it is only in this way that a solution can be sought and, if one is found, recognised. Furthermore, in this way fruitless discussions which devolve upon the inadequacies of systematics can be avoided. One of the discussions which has occupied systematists much in the last decade is the validity of the concept of a species. This may be accounted one of the "fruitless discussions" arising out of the deficiencies of systematics. No one has succeeded in defining a species to the satisfaction of all systematists, and the criteria of a species differ in each group of organisms. Without a definition there can be no clear concept and discussions of the validity of the concept are therefore without significance or meaning. That such a discussion could arise can only be attributed to the dual function of systematics, to the ultimate incompatibility of its two aims and, above all, to the fact that a natural phenomenon is being forced to conform with an artificial and inadequate scientific system. The discussion of the "reality" of a species is from one standpoint artificial and highly academic. It is evident that species do exist. Two specimens of Nereis virems are sufficiently alike for any student, any physiologist or any ecologist to identify them with the aid of a taxonomic key; they do so every day. There can be no doubt that for most practical purposes organisms within a group are more like one another than they are like anything else. The differences between varietal groups within a species are not usually of such magnitude as to be of importance to an experimental biologist who uses the organism as a convenient laboratory plant or animal, nor to the ecologist studying certain types of ecological problems. For them the niceties of taxonomy are a foreign field of knowledge and, so far as their own discipline is concerned, are a hindrance rather than a help. This being so, we may reasonably question the justifica-


We reported that the tetragonal-like phase identified in strained epitaxial BiFeO3 films on a (001) LaSrAlO4 single crystal substrates is monoclinic MC, based on high resolution synchrotron x-ray studies and piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. This MC phase has different symmetry with the rhombohedral-like monoclinic MA phase found in BiFeO3 films grown on low mismatch SrTiO3 substrates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the films on LaSrAlO4 substrates have a high crystalline quality and coherent interface.


This paper presents the case of the writing of the local history of Tangub City in Misamis Occidental. The dynamic local government unit took the initiative to create their own City Historical Commission and passed ordinances to integrate the teaching of local history in all levels of education. The main obstacle, however, in fully implementing these ordinances was the lack of teaching and learning materials for use in the classroom. In consultation with the History Department of the University of San Carlos in Cebu City, the Tangub City History Project was launched in December of 2004. The most unique feature of the project was the involvement of the various sectors of the community in the conduct of research. Community members, including teachers, government employees, student volunteers, barangay health workers and concerned citizens, were trained in data-gathering techniques such as cultural mapping, oral history and family trees and they went out to the field on a voluntary basis. From time to time, faculty and students of the University of San Carlos went to the community to work side-by-side with community workers as part of their academic extension work. Though the project still has a long way to go in accomplishing its goal of producing a detailed history fact book for classroom use and other practical purposes, the project has received wide acceptance and has excited the community into knowing more about its past and heritage. This is the history that is more interesting to them as it is also useful for them. It is a history that is just "nearby" rather than a history that alienates or marginalizes them.


We study the asset allocation of a quadratic loss-averse (QLA) investor and derive conditions under which the QLA problem is equivalent to the mean-variance (MV) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) problems. Then we solve analytically the two-asset problem of the QLA investor for a risk-free and a risky asset. We find that the optimal QLA investment in the risky asset is finite, strictly positive and is minimal with respect to the reference point for a value strictly larger than the risk-free rate. Finally, we implement the trading strategy of a QLA investor who reallocates her portfolio on a monthly basis using 13 EU and US assets. We find that QLA portfolios (mostly) outperform MV and CVaR portfolios and that incorporating a conservative dynamic update of the QLA parameters improves the performance of QLA portfolios. Compared with linear loss-averse portfolios, QLA portfolios display significantly less risk but they also yield lower returns.


Sentiment analysis is the task of identifying overall attitude of the given text documents by using text analysis and natural language processing techniques. In this study, we present experimental results of sentiment analysis on movie and product reviews datasets that are in Turkish and English languages by using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Moreover, we compare different document vector computation techniques and show their effects on the sentiment analysis. We empirically evaluate SVM types, kernel types, weighting schemes such as TF or TF*IDF, TF variances, IDF variances, tokenization methods, feature selection systems, text preprocessing techniques and vector normalizations. We have obtained 91.33% accuracy as the best on our collected Turkish product reviews dataset by using C-SVC SVM type with linear kernel, log normalization TF* probabilistic IDF weighting scheme, L2 vector normalization, Chi-square feature selection, and unigram word tokenization. A very detailed comparison of the document vector computation methods over Turkish and English datasets are also presented.


The design and implementaion of Windows environment-based digital circuit logic simulation software (DCLSS) are presented in order to be able to conduct experiments of Digital Circuit course in a computer.Graph approach for logic circuit input is adopted by the DCLSS, device model is based on five-value, three-strength,and up/down-jump delay model,simulation algorithm is on table-event method,time-mapping technique, and hybrid simulation of gate and function block level.The software is capable of simulating circuits combined with combinational circuits, synchronous and asynchronous sequential logic circuits, and some programmable logic devices.The paper has emphasized on the decription of device model and simulation algorithm applied in the software.


Benefiting from the massive monitoring data collected by the Structural health monitoring (SHM) system, scholars can grasp the complex environmental effects and structural state during structure operation. However, the monitoring data is often missing due to sensor faults and other reasons. It is necessary to study the recovery method of missing monitoring data. Taking the structural temperature monitoring data of Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge as an example, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based recovery method for missing structural temperature data is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the prediction results of temperature data using LSTM network, support vector machine (SVM), and wavelet neural network (WNN) are compared to verify the accuracy advantage of LSTM network in predicting time series data (such as structural temperature). Secondly, the application of LSTM network in the recovery of missing structural temperature data is discussed in detail. The results show that: the LSTM network can effectively recover the missing structural temperature data; incorporating more intact sensor data as input will further improve the recovery effect of missing data; selecting the sensor data which has a higher correlation coefficient with the data we want to recover as the input can achieve higher accuracy.


One of the most important works in Qur'anic exegesis that employs a thematic approach is Tafsir Nafahât al-Qur'ân Uslub Jadid fi al-Tafsir al-Maudlu'i li al-Qur'ân al-Karim, authored by Nâsher Makârem al-Syirâzi. The study seeks to elucidate the methodology of exegesis employed in the work. Thematic approach of the Qur'an (tafsir al-maudlu'i) has developed significantly and showed diverse models in terms of the pattern of interpretation and theme. The author of the work, al-Syirâzi, offers a new approach in thematic exegesis, which significantly differs from that introduced by al- Farmâwi, whose model of interpretation has so far dominated the field. Al-Syirâzi thus opens pathways for reform of Qur'anic exegesis. His approach is built on the Syi'i theological doctrine of the five principles, namely knowing God and Oneness of God, Prophethood, Leadership, Eschatology and Justice. The adoption of these principles in the work of al-Syirâzi has created a distinctive nuance of Qur'anic exegesis, which is rational and comprehensive.


In a previous report we identified gene products that may be associated with stem cell maintenance by comparative transcriptome analysis of 2 functionally distinct stromal cell lines: HS-27a which supports primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells and HS-5 which stimulates differentiation. Since the ability of stromal cells to maintain stem cells is lost as the percentage of monocytes in stromal cultures increases, monokine-induced changes in HS-27a gene expression were also determined. An algorithm that combined these datasets was developed and used to identify factors produced by stroma that could be hypothesized to influence hematopoietic stem cell fate. Bone Morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was identified and selected for study. Real time quantitative PCR confirmed that BMP4 gene expression was 9 fold higher in HS-27a than HS-5 and suppressed 6-fold by IL-1β. BMP4 protein secretion followed a similar pattern: HS-27a cells secreted 70 pg/ml BMP4 protein and treatment with IL-1β resulted in a 3 fold suppression; no BMP-4 secretion was detected from HS-5 cells. BMP4 is a critical factor for regulating hematopoietic development during embryogenesis and is involved in the regulation of T-cell differentiation by thymic stroma. However, relatively little is known about the role of bone marrow stromal derived BMP4 in adult hematopoiesis. BMP4 has been implicated in Notch signaling in muscle development. Since the Notch pathway is a key determinant of stem cell fate in hematopoiesis and the Notch ligand, Jagged 1, is differentially expressed in HS-5 and HS-27a cells, we investigated the effect of BMP4 on stromal expression of Jagged 1. We exposed HS-5 cells to BMP4 and assayed for Jagged 1 expression by western blot analysis. BMP4 induced both expression and modification of Jagged 1 in HS-5 cells. To determine if changes in Jagged 1 expression altered signaling between stroma and CD34+ cells, we exposed HS-5 cells to BMP4 for 24 hours. The medium was subsequently removed and replaced with fresh medium that did not contain BMP4. CD34+ cells were then added to the HS-5 cells and incubated at 37° for 2 to 24 hours. CD34+ cells were collected for RNA extraction and whole cell protein extracts were made from the HS-5 cells to verify changes in Jagged 1 expression. Pre-incubation of HS-5 cells with BMP4 prior to co-culture with CD34+ cells resulted in a consistent increase (1.4 to 2.0 fold) in gene expression of the notch regulated genes, Hey1 and Hes1. Although other, as yet undefined, BMP4 induced changes in marrow stroma may be responsible for this induction, we hypothesize that BMP4-induced changes in stromal Jagged 1 expression increases Hey 1 and Hes 1 gene expression via ligand engagement and activation of Notch signaling. Taken together, these studies suggest that BMP4 acts indirectly on progenitor cells via bone marrow stroma through a previously undescribed mechanism whereby BMP4 induces changes in stromal cell expression of the Notch ligand, Jagged1.