Adaptation responses are described to typical artificial-light environments of six aroid species, representing some of the most important indoor plants, for which physiological, anatomical and biochemical data are surprisingly lacking. The results indicate that: (1) they have a high chlorophyll content and no change in leaf thickness, for which changes in spectral absorbance (measured as blue-red ratio relative absorbance) would be associated with larger effects of light environment on leaf spectra than in sun-plants; (2) mature leaves fully expanded in greenhouse environments at the beginning of the low-intensity experiments could adapt in the same way as leaves expanded under fluorescent and blended-light lamps. These results show an unexpected high capacity for light adaptation; (3) there is a characteristic increase in grana stacking at low light intensity with no change in chlorophyll a/b ratio, and (4) the mechanism of plant adaptation differs significantly from that described for obligate or facult...


Negative stereotypes of blacks were dominant in strips before 1955, but virtually nonexistent in 1995. Black characters in current strips are portrayed in a wider variety of occupational roles and social settings than in the past.


The considerable emphasis given on youth participation in peacebuilding as a catalyst for peace, security and development in the world, especially in fragile communities seem to be taking the centre stage as far as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are concerned. States are being encouraged to document on youth contribution to peace building rather than focusing on their participation in conflict and violence only. This study analyzed how youth inclusivity relates with peace building in Mt. Elgon Constituency, Bungoma County, Kenya. Transformational Leadership Theory of MacGregor James Burns was adopted. Descripto-explanatory research design was used for this study. The study population comprised of 87 community members including local administration, NGO staffs, opinion leaders, religious leaders, ex-combatants and youth. Purposive, convenience and snowball techniques were used to obtain the participants for the study given the state of fragility in the area. Multiple regression and Thematic Analysis were used to analyze the data generated by semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. The validity and reliability of the instruments were enhanced through pilot study. Validity was done by experts and stakeholders in the field of peace building. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between youth inclusivity and peace building. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, a mix of inclusion modalities be established to ensure quantitative and qualitative representations of all youths in development initiatives at all levels.


This study concerns the existence of positive weak solutions to boundary value problems of the form { −∆pu = g(x, u), x ∈ Ω, u(x) = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, where ∆p is the so-called p-Laplacian operator i.e. ∆pz = div (|∇z|p−2∇z), p > 1, Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R (N ≥ 2) with ∂Ω of class C, and connected, and g(x, 0) < 0 for some x ∈ Ω (semipositone problems). By using the method of sub-super solutions we prove the existence of the positive weak solution to special types of g(x, u). 94 S.H. Rasouli, G.A. Afrouzi and J. Vahidi / TJMCS Vol .3 No.1 (2011) 94-101


Neurofibrillary degeneration as seen by the light Microscopist is found, following study by electron microscopy, to be of two major types. Twisted tubules about 200 A. wide and constricted even 800 A form the lesions in Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, Guam-Parkinsonism-dementia complex, post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, and Pick's disease. Tangles made of 100 A filaments characterize human infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, vincristine neuropathy, sporadic motor neuron disease, and a variety of experimental disorders in laboratory animals. The latter include encephalomyclopathy caused by aluminum, spindle inhibitors, and lathyrogens.


In this deeply researched and richly detailed biography of John Nolen (1869–1937), among the first to list his profession as "city planner," R. Bruce Stephenson focuses attention on a figure who has been curiously understudied and who arguably deserves additional scrutiny on several topics— from his ideas about race and class to his proto-environmentalism, all key interests among Progressive reformers. Described as a "pragmatic visionary," Nolen, in his signal contribution, translated garden city principles that originated in Great Britain for American audiences (p. 4). Nolen was previously examined in a 2011 article by Robert Freestone as a transitional figure bridging the City Beautiful and City Practical movements ("Reconciling Beauty and Utility in Early City Planning: The Contribution of John Nolen," Journal of Urban History, 37 [March 2011], 256–77), but otherwise Nolen has mainly garnered attention in case studies of selected projects. One of the few other monographs to date is Jody Beck's John Nolen and the Metropolitan Landscape (London, 2013), a much shorter study that Stephenson seems to have completely overlooked. Nolen left a successful first career as a promoter of adult education in 1903 to enroll in Harvard's landscape architecture program, where he studied under Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. Inspiration for this move came from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and what Nolen absorbed on trips to Europe, particularly Germany, which was pioneering land-use regulation at the time. Nolen received his first commission before even completing his graduate training, and ultimately he was credited with drawing up hundreds of plans. However, his efforts to convince profit-minded developers and penny-pinching city officials to implement his elegantly organic designs typically came to naught; Stephenson's assessment that prior to the 1920s "only about a quarter of Nolen's city and town plans were adopted" seems overly generous (p. 158). Apart from several well-received parks and subdivisions, practically all of Nolen's most time-consuming projects were either dramatically scaled back (Madison, Wisconsin) or ultimately rejected (San Diego; St. Petersburg, Florida). Mariemont, Ohio (a Cincinnati suburb) was Nolen's most successful achievement, being entirely underwritten by a wealthy patron. World War I delivered new opportunities, but Florida's land bust and the coming of the Great Depression essentially destroyed his business; thereafter, a shift toward more "scientific" planning and modernist design, not to mention his own premature death, denied Nolen the chance to fully participate in the New Deal planning revival. Despite various setbacks, Nolen was extremely well connected in the field and published prolifically, contributing to the professionalization of city planning.


It has been proved that the multi-fractal sea clutter can be simulated by the three-partitioned random multiplicative model. This study constructs multi-fractal sequences with similar multiplicative factors of the sea clutter of the IPIX radar and calculates the multi-fractal spectra by the Qth-order moment structure partition function. Simulation results prove that it can construct multi-fractal sequence with the multi-fractal spectrum similar to the given one. Then the N 2-partitioned random multiplicative model is proposed to simulate the two-dimensional surface and calculate the multi-fractal spectrum by the two-dimensional multi-fractal analysis based on the partition function approach. Simulations indicate that it is a good way to simulate the multi-fractal surface based on the N 2-partitioned random multiplicative process model. It provides a new way for the surface modelling of the sea surface.


EtherCAT is a real-time Ethernet protocol conceived for industrial environments, which is characterised by high communication efficiency. It is provided with a suitable mechanism, known as distributed clock, that enables synchronised operations to be carried out with precise timings. This can be profitably adopted, for instance, in motion control applications. In this paper, the accuracy of the distributed clock mechanism is evaluated by means of experimental measurements carried out on a real network set-up. Results confirm that the achieved performance complies with expectations and is very good indeed.


The polysyllable verbs are abundant. Their characteristic of morpheme collocations is that, almost with no exception, the verb compounds contain at least one element of verb morphems. The semantic relation of polysyllable verbs is that the relation between morphemes of the verb-object words is the most complicated, that of the coordinate and subordinate verbs next complicated, and that of complement and expression verbs less complicated. The structures of some polysyllable verbs are not compact and the orders of their constituents may be inverted. This indicates that the Chinese develops from monosyllable words to polysyllable words.


If we want to create the equal,relaxed and harmonious atmosphere among teachers and students,we should strengthen the communication between teachers and students.According to the modern education concept,we should give more praises and less criticism,relax students' mind,give them more confidence and approach students.The relation between teachers and students is not opposite but harmoniously united.


In this paper, we present the efficient region-based active contours with a novel distribution metric for complex object segmentation problems. Unlike most conventional approaches, we model the regional statistics using probability distribution function and propose a simple but effective distribution metric to drive the active contours. Subsequently, the proposed approach speeds up the segmentation process without initializing the zero level set in terms of a sign distance function (SDF) and re-initializing it periodically during the evolution as used in the traditional methods. Some challenging synthetic and real-world images are utilized to evaluate the proposed segmentation algorithm. The experiments show its promising result in comparison with the existing methods.


Stationary solutions of the nonlinear equations, which govern the dynamics of ion–temperature–gradient (ITG) electrostatic modes, are re-examined without and with magnetic field inhomogeneities. It is shown that for both cases the nonlinear equations admit vortex street solutions in those parameter regimes where spatially bounded double vortex solutions are forbidden. The ITG-driven vortex streets can be associated with coherent nonlinear structures that are observed in laboratory and computer simulation experiments. Furthermore, vortex streets might play a detrimental role in the study of anomalous ion thermal transport in magnetically confined plasmas.


The paper presents models of choosing product equilibrium prices and reliability levels by the sales volume criterion. Parametric conditions of the stability of the solutions obtained are determined. Complying with these conditions assures maintaining the market competitive environment.


This study is to elaborate "Iwarebikonomikoto(伊波禮毘古命)", founding myth of Japan, which is about transmission of Jinmoo(神武) Emperor's east conquest, drawing out Korean elements penetrated in the myth. Through analyzing the myth, the study is to find out how much Korean Culture contributed to...


We consider here fuzzy quantities, i.e. fuzzy sets without any hypothesis about normality nor convexity. Two main topics are examined: the first one consists in defining the evaluation of a fuzzy quantity, in such a way that it may be applied both in ranking and in defuzzification problems. The definition is based on α-cuts and depends on two parameters: a coefficient connected with the optimistic or pessimistic attitude of the decision maker and a weighting function similar to a density function. The second aim is showing that the proposed definition is suitable for defuzzifying the output of a fuzzy expert system: we treat a classical example discussed in [1], using several t-norms and t-conorms in aggregation procedures.


Address for correspondence Kishore K. Deepak, MD, PhD, FAMS, DSc, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). DOI https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0041-1731611 ISSN 0379-038X © 2021. National Academy of Medical Sciences (India). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit.


The invention relates to an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and a manufacturing method of the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, in particular to the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy for adding manganese elements in an aluminum alloy casting process and the manufacturing method of the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy. The aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy comprises, by weight, 30 to 60 % of aluminum, with a preference to 40 to 50 %; and 40 to 70 % of the manganese, with a preference to 50 to 60 %. The aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy has comparative high manganese content. By the adoption of the technology, alloy elements can be rapidly dissolved in molten aluminum and the production efficiency is improved, and therefore the use amount of the intermediate alloy can be reduced. The storage and transportation cost of the intermediate alloy can be reduced and the market competitiveness of the intermediate alloy is improved.


This paper attempts to provide a general perspective on the potentialities and limitations of research into individual activity patterns. The most common types of activity study and data-collecting device are briefly described, and problems of data collection and analysis are outlined. The main focus is on the value of 'space-time budgets' in household surveys, assessed with respect to two contrasting aims: (1) deriving 'behavioural' postulates on which geographic theories of spatial structure might be based, and (2) planning spatial structures to suit the behaviour patterns and aspirations of different types of individuals and households. Activities occur in a 'space-time' continuum', and there are temporal regularities inherent in spatial patterns. It is argued that studying activity patterns in terms of 'space-time locations' can throw light on pressing socio-spatial problems.


Extraction characteristics are given for solid extractants based on polysorb matrices made by introducing the extraction agent (D2EHPA or a mixture of D2EHPA + TBP) into the matrix in the cold. Results for actinoids (curium and californium) are compared with those from liquid extraction. The higher the content of the agent in the solid and the lower the acidity of the aqueous solution, the more similar the results to those from liquid extraction. The solids are inferior to liquid extraction as regards capacity characteristics: the capacity of the agent in the solid is not used to 100%.


Halbrook, Jeff M.; Morgan, Todd A.; Brandt, Jason P.; Keegan, Charles E., III; Dillon, Thale; Barrett, Tara M. 2009. Alaska's timber harvest and forest products industry, 2005. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-787. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 30 p. This report traces the flow of timber harvested in Alaska during calendar year 2005, describes the composition and operations of the state's primary forest products industry, and quantifies volumes and uses of wood fiber. Historical wood products industry changes are discussed, as well as trends in timber harvest, production, and sales of primary wood products.


With the third‐generation normalized difference vegetation index and a multiple‐timescale drought index [standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI)], the relationships between vegetation activity in the growing season and drought occurrences during various seasons and at different timescales were investigated in northern China. Although poorly understood previously, knowledge of these relationships is crucial for climate, vegetation and hydrological studies. Our results show that over the past three decades, vegetation activity during the growing season was significantly correlated (p < 0⋅05) with drought occurrences over 78⋅5% of northern China and highly significantly correlated (p < 0⋅001) in semi‐arid regions. In addition, there were spatially variable responses of vegetation activity to the seasonality of drought events across northern China. When drought events occurred in pre‐season in the northern part of Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, parts of Shaanxi and Shanxi, and the western part of Xinjiang, they appear to have impacted vegetation activity, as indicated by the short and medium timescales of the drought indices (SPEI‐3 and SPEI‐6, with 3 and 6 months of accumulation, respectively). In the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, eastern part of Gansu and Qinghai, and southern parts of Ningxia, droughts during the growing season played a key role in vegetation growth, as recorded by the drought indices at all four timescales (SPEI‐3, SPEI‐6, SPEI‐12 and SPEI‐24). In addition, we also observed spatial variations in the responses of vegetation activity to droughts in northern China. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Increasing the share of intermittent renewable energy sources in a power system poses challenges in terms of increased net load variability and maintaining grid stability and security. Operational flexibility of coal-fired power plants in China has played an essential and promising role in accommodating these nonequilibrium in the power grid. In the study, focusing on condensate throttling coupled with thermal storage tank measures, dynamic simulations of an entire 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant were developed via the GSE software. Then, the dynamic characteristics of main thermodynamic parameters and output power were described and compared, and operational flexibility performances of these measures were discussed. It turns out that: when condensate water flowrate decreases, the largest power ramp rate, power capacity, and energy capacity are 12.68 MW min−1, 12.76 MW, and 1084.70 MJ, respectively, and when condensate water flowrate increases, the largest power ramp rate, power capacity, and energy capacity are −5.49 MW min−1, −5.65 MW, and −695.94 MJ, respectively, which means condensate throttling without thermal storage tank measure is more suitable for power-up regulation than power-down regulation, but the shortest duration time is 130 s, which will restrict the operational flexibility regulation. However, coupling with thermal storage tanks, the deaerator water level can maintain a longer time. Meanwhile, at feedwater bypass 60% coupled with thermal storage tank, the largest power ramp rate, power capacity, and energy capacity are −3.62 MW min−1, −3.81 MW, and −897.31 MJ, respectively, and at condensate water bypass 60% coupled with thermal storage tank, the largest power ramp rate, power capacity, and energy capacity are 7.74 MW min−1, 7.88 MW, and 1829.38 MJ, respectively, and these parameter values are greater than condensate water flowrate directly increases or decreases 60%, which means condensate throttling coupling with thermal storage tanks can improve operational flexibility performances. The work is expected to reveal the performance parameters and strategies to provide detailed guidance of using turbine energy storage to improve operational flexibility of the coal-fired power plants.


There is provided a method of diagnosing a malfunction of a coupled to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine charge motion control valve. The method comprises that the valve closing and / or opening is commanded; on the basis of a mass of air flowing into the intake manifold, and a temperature of air flowing into the intake manifold, using fuzzy logic, a pressure range is determined; a change of the absolute pressure of the intake manifold is determined; the change of the absolute pressure is compared with the pressure range; and a malfunction of the valve is diagnosed when the change in the absolute pressure within the pressure range.


New knowledge regarding prenatal nutrition birthweight and psychological development is available from a number of controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of prenatal nutritional supplementation. 6 studies in which the design execution and results are available in sufficient detail for discussion are reviewed: the New York study; the Montreal study; the Bogota Colombia study; the Guatemala study; the Taiwan study; and the Dutch (Netherlands) famine study. The New York Study and the studies conducted in the less developed countries are trials of nutritional supplementation. The intervention study conducted in Montreal was uncontrolled in execution but controlled in the analysis. The Dutch study was unique in that food deprivation and supplementation occurred in circumstances totally different from those described in any of the other studies. During some part of their pregnancies the mothers were subjected to a 6-month period of near starvation followed by rapid rehabilitation. From the studies it is concluded that among women at risk of producing low birth weight infants prenatal dietary supplements can lead to a modest rise in birthweight. The degree of the rise appears to be conditional and to depend on the womans nutritional state. In the Dutch famine study variation in food availability in a population on a well-balanced but sparse diet bore no relation to fetal growth until there was severe food deprivation. Prenatal diet supplements in the New York experiment appeared to protect against fetal growth retardation under the specific conditions that mothers were heavy cigarette smokers. A casein-rich diet has proved harmful to some women. This phenomenon occurred in circumstances where the regular diet was not protein deficient. Protein seemd no more effective than calories in raising birth weight. Data from existing studies do not exclude the possibility that a harsh social environment is a common cause of malnutrition and of retarded performance on the usual cognitive measures.


I this issue, Williams et al 1 provide the most extensive and comprehensive analyses of the effect of HLA-A, -B, and -DR mismatches on survival of first adult renal transplants to date. Their analysis, which included 189,141 US transplants and nearly 1 million years of follow-up, quantifies the advantage associated with each additional HLA compatibility above and beyond the effects of a great number of other factors that affect the outcome of transplants. It should come as no surprise to anyone that there is a survival advantage for recipients of better HLA-matched kidney transplants. This was well established in the 1980s, and it is an inescapably logical expectation that by reducing the number of major targets of immune response against the organ donor, we can limit a recipient's tendency to reject the allograft. The degree to which HLA matching should be prioritized in allocating deceased donor kidneys, on the other hand, has been a subject of debate throughout the history of renal transplantation and in recent years, emphasis on matching donors and recipients for the HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens has declined as the authors point out. Will these analyses resolve the controversies surrounding allocation and HLA matching once and for all? Probably not. The problem with matching donors and recipients for these HLA antigens is clear in the authors' Table 1—despite favoring more compatible transplants for more than 25 years, the return on those efforts has been meager. The number of HLA antigens, the number of combinations of antigens, and their uneven distributions among different racial and ethnic populations makes finding well-matched recipients (0, 1, or 2 mismatched) very difficult, especially in areas with a diverse population. Good matches could not be made in real time among local candidates. Points for HLA-B locus antigen matches were eliminated because they favored transplants to whites over minorities and points for HLA-DR matches remain in the system because the frequency distributions for HLA-DR are less variable and not so different among racial and ethnic groups.


Objective To assess the efficacy of physical therapies for first‐line use in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in women, using a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).


Based on Masson's theory of international contagion mechanism of financial crisis,this paper conducted a spatial panel data model to analyze the major paths,spatial dependence and heterogeneity of the spread of the international financial crises from 2007 to 2009.The results show that:1)the contagion of the international financial crisis has shown three types of transmission mechanism,namely the monsoon effect,the spillover effect and the pure effect;2)the spatial path of international financial crisis is of clear spatial dependence within the economic-political system space,which has been significantly enhanced along with the intensification of the crisis itself;3)during the global financial tsunami,the vulnerability of macroeconomic fundamentals and links between finance and trade are the main factors impacting the contagion of financial crisis and the combined effects of the three factors have exacerbated the strength and breadth of the contagion of financial crisis.


Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infection in the United States, with more than 12,000 cases reported annually (1). The disease is characterized by a rash (erythema migrans) and various systemic (nervous, cardiac and musculoskeletal) manifestations; clinical manifestations of Lyme disease were reviewed recently (2). Most cases of Lyme disease in the United Sates are reported from the northeastern, mid-Atlantic and upper north central states, and from a part of northwest California. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, and it is transmitted by the deer tick Ixodes scapularis in the eastern and mid-western states, and Ixodes pacificus in the Pacific coast states. Transmission occurs primarily through bites acquired during the nymphal stage of the life cycle of the ticks, which feed predominantly in the late spring and early summer. Two vaccines that protect against Lyme disease have been developed; one has been licensed for use in Canada recently. Answers to common questions about the Lyme disease vaccine follow.


Abstract The paper discusses the results of the calculation of the orientational order parameters and the Lorentz field factors from birefringence data in the case of the homologous series of compounds, n-alkyl-p-(4-ethoxy benzylidene amino)-α-methyl cinnamates. The order parameters are found to exhibit the well known zig-zag alternation with increase in the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl chain. The anisotropy (Lo-Le ), of the Lorentz field factors also decreases with increasing number of carbon atoms indicating that as a consequence of the numerous conformations possible for the alkyl group, there is a reduction in the anisotropy of the polarization field. The calculated values of the optical anisotropy of the different molecules are approximately equal, indicating that the optical anisotropy arises mainly from the central rigid portion of the molecule and that the contribution of the alkyl chain to the optical anisotropy is not significant.


The aim of the research is to explore the application of health promoting PA education methods applied by teachers of physical education in basic school. The survey included 136 teachers of physical education working in comprehensive schools of five Lithuanian cities and districts (Klaipėda, Kaunas, Kretinga, Silalė, and Mažeikiai) selected by the convenience sampling method. Teacher survey was conducted in November – December 2012 by the academic staff of the Department of Physical Education of Klaipeda University. The article deals with some aspects of health promotion of non-exercising schoolchildren by physical activity in the context of the contemporary society. The outcomes of the conducted qualitative research and their interpretation are presented. The views of teachers of physical education on the physical activity promotion methods are analyzed, as well as their insights into the issue of physical activity promotion methods at school and major motives of schoolchildren's exercising. KEY WORDS: schoolchildren, health, physical activity, teacher, motivation. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/tbb.v66i1.778


Principle and arithmetic of rotary machine torque measurement using virtual instrument technology are researched in this paper. A new method about torque measure with frequency tracing based on phase difference is presented. Part noise component are separated effectively from useful signal using self characteristic of correlation and sine function. Random disturbance immunity and measurement accuracy are enhanced. Applying generalized forecast method, make sampling frequency tracing frequency variety of measured signal, complete alternation sampling is completed and measurement precision can be guaranteed. A new torque revolution measuring instrument with VI technology is designed which has the advantage of self defining, powerful data processing ability and easily embedded digital compensation to realize automation measurement of torque and power of swing movable teeth transmission.


Libraries can play a more role and can contribute in terms of community empowerment, closer, invite and empower the community. One way to get closer to the community is that the library can use the concept of inclusion to achieve its goals as a principle of lifelong learning. Inclusion-based libraries are libraries that facilitate the community in developing their potential by seeing cultural diversity, willingness to accept change, and offering opportunities to try, protect and fight for culture and human rights. This has been done by the Library of Science Resources in Marga Sakti Village, Musi Rawas Regency, with the concept of a Village Library Based on Social Inclusion, which has made the library an institution that can empower the community through productive activities such as making bitter melon chips, cultivating crickets, providing internet access for the community, Karang Taruna activities by establishing Youth Bands, PKK activities centered in libraries, storytelling activities, mobile libraries, establishing reading villages and others. Of the many activities above, this indicates that the library has become the central activity of the village community and as a concrete manifestation that the Marga Sakti Village Resource Library has implemented the concept of Social Inclusion.


Evolutionary approaches to technological complexity tend to ignore the role of invention. In this paper, we follow the theory of invention developed by Brian Arthur to trace the emergence of complexity. The notion of structural deepening helps us to understand the emergence of complexity –in the form of designed and unexpected relationships between elementsduring the invention process. Structural deepening describes the growth of complexity as a consequence of the "crude" nature of the original concept of the new technology (the base principle), which needs more design sophistication to enhance basic performance. The history of the artificial intervertebral disc -a surgical prosthesis used in the treatment of spinal painoffers an excellent context for investigating structural deepening. We find that one factor is influential in the extent of structural deepening is the success or failure of the "technological neighbors" of the artificial disc. This "neighborhood effect" consists of a reduction in complexity "borrowed" from the technological neighbors. We call this process "architectural stabilization".


Modeling the speeds of sliding glaciers reveals major uncertainty to estimates of sea-level rise and landscape evolution. In sliding models, friction between ice-entrained debris and the bed is often overlooked. For the common case of sparse debris in basal ice, theories developed in the 1970s by G.S. Boulton and B. Hallet included contradictory treatments of the forces that push particles against the bed. Boulton assumed that these forces scale with effective pressure—the difference between ice pressure and water pressure in cavities beneath particles—whereas Hallet assumed these forces depend on the rate of ice convergence toward the bed from melting and bed-parallel stretching of ice on stoss surfaces. The resultant bed-normal drag on particles depends on movement of ice past them by regelation and enhanced creep of ice. To test these contrasting hypotheses, a large ring-shear device was used to slide temperate ice with sparse debris over a smooth rock bed. Isolated gravel-sized till particles in contact with the bed were built into an ice ring (outer diameter = 0.9 m, width = 0.20 m, thickness = 0.24 m) that rotated at a steady speed. A fluid, with its temperature controlled to the nearest 0.01oC, surrounded the ice chamber to keep the ice at its pressure-melting temperature. Meltwater drained to atmospheric pressure from the edges of the bed. During experiments, either the ice convergence rate or total bed-normal stress was incremented, and shear stress was measured until a steady value was attained. In separate rate-controlled tests without ice, the dynamic friction coefficient between the particles and the rock bed was measured. Results indicate that friction between particles and the bed depends on convergence rate. In contrast, total normal stress has no effect on bed shear stress, in agreement with Hallet's model. However, water-filled cavities formed beneath particles rather than the regelation ice expected from Hallet's model. These observations can be explained by an adjusted model that


A finger vein information security management platform comprises a finger vein intelligent terminal, a communication network, a server, a client access port and an identity authentication terminal, wherein the finger vein intelligent terminal is connected with the server through the communication network; the client access port is connected with the server through the communication network; the identity authentication terminal is connected with the server through the communication network; the server is a cloud server; the finger vein intelligent terminal comprises a finger vein recognizing device and a shell; the finger vein recognizing device comprises a control main board; the control main board is connected with a finger vein collector, a voice player, an audio collector, a video collector, a capacitive touch screen, a wireless communication module, an LED display lamp and an RFID (radio frequency identification device) reader-writer; a local memory module and an alarm card are arranged on the control main board; the alarm card is connected with the voice player. The finger vein information security management platform has the advantages of high security and good convenience and quickness.


The purpose of this study was to identify the need for sex education in middle school students Research subjects were 194 students who attended at I seminary in B city. The period of data collection was from July to August, 2001. Research instrument was composed of 61 structured items 17 items related to demographics and sex, 44 items related to the need of sex education. Data were collected through the self-report method by the researcher and one trained assistant. The instrument developed by the researchers was employed to measure the need of sex education and it's Cronbach's = 0.9349 in this research. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage factor analysis and t-test using SPSS WIN Program. The findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The highest score among characteristics of sex was 'less interest about sex(42.6%)', 39.0% of subjects got information about sex from friends or elders. 52.3% of subjects consulted friends or elders about sex problems. The number of sex education lessons was 1-2 times in school during last semester (61.0%). Education by the school nurse was 35.9% to students. 43.1% of subjects announced moderate satisfaction on sex education. 2. The mean score of the need for sex education was (lowest value 1, highest 4). The most wanted sex education factor was 'chastity and sexual responsibility()' and followed by 'family and marriage ()' and 'considerations of sex()'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education factor is 'physiological characteristics of male ()', followed by 'sexual behavior ()'. The most wanted sex education item was 'the meaning of family ()' and followed by 'the cautions to prevention from sexual abuse ()' and sexual activity and responsibility()'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education item is 'masturbation ()', followed by 'circumcision()'. 3. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in mean score about the need for sex education(t=-.715, p=.476). Sex education factor that girl-students wanted was 'physiological characteristics of female'. Sex education factor that boy-students wanted was 'family and marriage'. Sex education items that girl-students wanted were 'cautions during menstruation', the relation of ovulation and pregnancy', caution to prevention from sexual abuse' and sexual behavior and responsibility'. Sex education items that boy-students wanted were 'the meaning of family', 'the importance of marriage', 'male's sex organs', 'a wet dream', 'the method to resolve sexual curiosity', 'sexual intercourse' and 'the connection with the other sex'. In conclusion, the mean score of the need for sex education is medium. The route to attain knowledge about sex and sexual problem is through consulting friends and elders. Therefore, it is necessary to give sex education that is suitable to the subject's needs and methods. Also, it is necessary to give differently strong point about sex education between female and male students.


Agricultural production cooperatives have long been promoted as mechanisms for achieving land reform, economic democracy, and rural development. They have borne a heavy symbolic burden as a future design for popular control and as a present weapon against economic inequality. Despite their promise, however, production cooperatives have proved particularly difficult to establish. Not only must they overcome the standard barriers to new entrants to agriculture, such as access to land, labor, capital, expertise, and markets, but they also confront the special problems of the cooperative form of organization. Because cooperatives mandate democratic control over policy and procedure, their success in generating member participation, in resolving internal conflicts, and in ensuring adherence to collective agreements is crucial to enterprise viability. The literature on cooperatives indicates that internal factionalism and dissension have been major obstacles to cooperative success in both developed and underdeveloped nations.' Explanation and resolution of these problems have been significant priorities for policymakers as well as social scientists. While some scholars of cooperative development note the general impact of external conditions on cooperative success,2 those who directly address the issue of factionalism have E. C. Banfield, Government Project (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1951); C. J. Eras


A smooth and safe charging of Electric Vehicle (EV) is ensured by the well-defined communication process in the charging infrastructure. The electrical charging is supplemented by communication between EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). A communication test bed for analyzing EV-EVSE data exchange is proposed here. The message transaction among the EV and EVSE units are based on CAN protocol adhering to GB/T standard. The hardware implementation of the test bed is discussed in detail, the message exchanges during EV charging are emulated and results are presented.


Objective: To examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-reported as well as physician-recorded physical health in a sample of survivors (n = 896) of a man-made disaster, using a longitudinal design that included predisaster health data. Most studies on the relationship between PTSD and physical health are cross-sectional and use self-reported physical health outcomes. Methods: A surveillance using the electronic medical records of survivors' family practitioners (FPs), 1 year predisaster until 4 years postdisaster, was combined with a survey, 3 weeks and 18 months postdisaster. Self-reported PTSD and self-reported physical health were assessed at 18 months postdisaster. FP-recorded physical health problems in the subsequent 2 years were classified according to the International Classification of Primary Care. Multiple regression analyses were used to describe the relationships between PTSD and physical health. Results: After adjusting for demographics, smoking behavior, and predisaster physical health, PTSD was significantly associated with FP-recorded vascular, musculoskeletal, and dermatological problems, and with all self-reported physical health aspects. Prospectively, PTSD signaled an increased risk of new vascular problems (odds ratio = 1.92; 1.04–3.55). Conclusions: This study suggests an effect of PTSD in the development of vascular problems. The results imply that clinicians should be alert that disaster survivors with PTSD can suffer from comorbid medical problems as well. EMRs = electronic medical records; FP = family practitioner; ICPC = International Classification of Primary Care; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; srs-PTSD = Self-Rating Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; SCL-90-R = Symptom Checklist-90 Revision; RAND-36 = Short Form Health Survey-36.


By using the method of documentary,video and statistical analysis,this paper discusses the different at difficulty of jumps between our gymnasts and world elite gymnasts. The result shows that there is no significant different in difficulty of jumps between our gymnasts and world elite gymnasts when performing whole set of routine,but there exists significant different at number, patterns and apparatus movement of difficulty.


Social security implies the realization of comprehensive guarantees to citizens from certain risks, most often socio-economic, but also others related to them, in an objective and subjective sense, which are integral parts of social security (social security, social protection, social development and social risks).
Social security is often equated with social security, especially in its broader sense, although are not synonymous, and implies a comprehensive and integrated system of social measures that guarantee an adequate standard of living and well-being, can include a range of related systems and subsystems, ideas and concepts of security and other factors (economic, political, demographic, environmental, etc.) that are associated with it have a greater or lesser impact and determine the character of its actions. Social security is most directly related to human security and sustainable development.
Achieving the highest possible level of social security is no longer just a possibility and ability of nation states but also of the entire global world system, with a system of international relations, which aspires to realize the idea and vision of a global society with a number of international supranational and global institutions, institutes and rules, who need to realize his premises.
The central problem in the current form of globalization, as a system of international relations, is the constant increase of socio-economic inequalities and other inequalities, at the level of global society, between regions and states and within states and which is actualized as a result of structural inequalities stemming from neoliberalism, dominant economic-political model and its rules.
As a consequence of endangering the socio-economic security of people and their identities, modern migrations with their risks appear, of which the capacity of migrations to become a terrismogenic factor (factor generic of terrorism) is of special importance.
The paper deals with issues of social security and social risks; globalization, increasing socio-economic inequalities and social risks, and the relationship between social risks and migration as a terrismogenic factor, with reference to the analysis of migration risks in the Republic of Serbia.


Introduction: E-cadherin is expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. Loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in human carcinomas, leading E-cadherin to be classified as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval training on the expression of tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin in breast cancer-bearing BALB/c mice.
Methods: Twenty female BALB/c mice were purchased from the Pasteur Institute and transferred to the Animal Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University and randomly divided into four groups of training-cancer-rest, training-cancer-training, rest-cancer-rest, and rest-cancer-training. Cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cell line. The mice performed an average-intensity interval training for 10 weeks, 5 days per week. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, the mice were sacrificed to measure the research variables. Gene expression was investigated using real-time PCR. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the statistical differences between groups.
Results: There was a significant difference in the E-cadherin gene expression between the training-cancer-training and rest-cancer-rest groups (p = 0.03). This difference was also observed between the training-cancer-training and training-cancer-rest groups (p = 0.04).
Conclusion: Interval exercise training may influence the expression of major tumor suppressor genes and systemic inflammation involved in the development of metastasis and even reverse this process.


In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a cost-efficient real-time field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based system for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) at a data rate up to 25 Mb/s over a 10 m underwater channel. The transmitter of the system employs a commercial blue LED as a modulation light source and an FPGA unit for transmitter baseband signal processing, and an avalanche photo diode cascaded with an FPGA unit for receiver baseband signal processing at the receiver side. We also suggest a simplified system model to characterize underwater optical link. Three types of hard-decision forward error correction codes are introduced to investigate the impact on the receiver sensitivity in long distance transmission cases. By adding additional link attenuation, we experimentally measure the attenuation coefficients for different water conditions. Based on the measured results, the achievable link distance for clear ocean water is estimated up to 118 m at the transmitted electrical power of 30 dBm. The proposed UOWC system takes both implementation complexity and cost into consideration and also provides a significant guidance to the future real-time high-speed underwater optical communications.


Author(s): Moran, Michael Socrates | Advisor(s): Tompa, Gabor | Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS`Taint not thy mind' in HamletbyMichael Socrates MoranMaster of Fine Arts in Theatre and Dance (Directing)University of California, San Diego, 2015Professor Gabor Tompa, ChairThe play Hamlet is a trap of mirrors for both its characters and the artists that produce it. Like Hamlet, working on this play felt like the inevitable 'walking into one's grave' and thereupon begin suffering the abject terror of unknown consequences. It is a trap of mirrors because it reflects back our unpleasant and inescapable darkness. It transfixes the imagination to observe the anguish the noble prince Hamlet endures. He who wishes to illuminate the world must navigate his dark side and the dark side of others.I directed Hamlet because I wanted to understand the transformation of Hamlet in the fifth act. I lived in terror of producing this play. However, I developed at least a modest awareness of the inevitable limitations that adhere to its production. The play is either too introspective or too extroverted. The wrongdoings are either minor or profligate. Also, some of the shortcomings and wrongdoings are not susceptible to change. The awareness of our failings transforms our relationship with the world. Is it possible that the trap of mirrors ceases to affect us so violently once we see the darkness the mirrors reveal about ourselves?At the end of the day, a proverb by the monk, Martin Luther, seems applicable to Hamlet's journey, to the play's history and to all the collaborators who worked so diligently: `Sin bravely'. If the root meaning of the word `sin' is to miss the mark, then perhaps we `sin bravely' because it is only by missing the mark, by walking into the unknown and by facing our terror, that we might be saved.


The method includes injecting an enzyme into meat using an injector; Enzymatically reacting the meat with the enzyme; And heating the enzyme-reacted meat. In more detail, the present invention relates to a method for producing meat using an injector, wherein an enzyme is injected into the meat to effect enzyme reaction, followed by boiling, A bead method, and a method of producing meat corresponding to one to three UDF stages with a compressive stress of 1.0 × 10 4 to 5.0 × 10 5 N / m 2 in the reference range. According to the present invention, it is possible to shorten the time required for the processing process compared with the conventional softening method, and it is possible to soften the inside and the outside of the meat evenly so as to soften and soften the meat, Meat can be provided. In addition, it is possible to maintain the round shape of meat, so it can be used for foodstuffs such as difficulties in dentistry, dysphagia, special diet for infants and elderly people.


Some of the aetiologic factors that have been suggested to explain the development of eclamptic fits include cerebral ischemia and vasospasm, and hypertensive encephalopathy. In light of the above factors, it is perhaps easy to understand why a patient, such as the one just described whose cardiovascular system already had been compromised by severe postpartum haemorrhage, did badly following ergometrine administration. The actions of ergometrine maleate include vasoconstriction and hypertension. Following intravenous administration ergometrine maleate also can cause headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, chest pains, palpitations, dyspnoea, and bradycardia (Reynolds 1989), in addition to cardiovascular side effects. Indeed, there have been reports of postpartum eclampsia following ergometrine administration : postpartum administration of ergometrine in four women resulted in hypertension in three (with eclampsia in one) and cardiac arrest in the fourth; it was suggested that ergometrine should not be used routinely in obstetrics (Browning 1974). Ergometrine was also considered the causative factor in cases of postpartum eclampsia in previously normotensive patients (Hamilton 1953 ; McFayden 1960). In the UK ergometrine maleate (or the combined preparation ergometrine maleate 500 pg plus oxytocin 5 units (syntometrine)) is given almost routinely in the active management of the third stage of labour in order to reduce the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage. To reduce the side effects, some of which may be life threatening, of ergometrine maleate, it is suggested that instead of the 500 pg dose commonly given in the UK, selected patients (i.e., those without hypertension or any cardiovascular abnormality) should be given only half the usual dose (250 pg). In a double blind trial comparing the efficacy of 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg of ergometrine maleate given intravenously to achieve haemostasis in the third stage of labour and to prevent primary postpartum haemorrhage, it was shown that there was no therapeutic advantage in using the large dose (Paul1 & Ratten 1977).


There is only a few reports on the laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the world, especially in the urological field. This paper presents recent experience of this method for a case of Cushing's syndrome with successful result, which may be the first report in the surgical field. A 23-year-old single woman with Cushing's syndrome having a 2.7 cm right adrenal adenoma underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy on November 4, 1992. Five trocars (four 11-mm and one 5-mm trocars) were introduced into the right flank in about 60 degree of left lateral position. With lifting up to the right lobe of the liver, the adrenal mass was easily observed. After the adrenal vessels were carefully exposed and clipped, the tissue was set into the "endopouch" and pull out. Operative blood loss was only 20 grams and operative time was 2 hours and 41 minutes. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged from the hospital on the eighth postoperative day. This approach has more advantages that allows rapid recovery and avoid large surgical wound in comparison with the transabdominal or the lumbar approach. So we emphasize that this approach should be more taken for the adrenal surgery.


INTRODUCTION..................................................... 140 Topology..................................................... 141 Strategies for Establishment of a Proton Gradient ..................... ................................ 141 Direct "translocation" of H+..................................................... 141 Translocation of H through "redox loops"...................................................... 141 Cytoplasmic H+-utilizing electron acceptors ............... ...................................... 141 Extracytoplasmic oxidation of simple substrates ..................... ................................ 142 EXAMPLES OF EXTRACELLULAR OXIDATION OF SUBSTRATE ........................................... 143 Subcategories of Extracytoplasmic Substrate Oxidation..................................................... 143 Methods of Enzyme Localization ..................................................... 143 Oxidations in Which Protons Are from Substrate ..................................................... 144 Hydrogen..................................................... 144 Photosynthesis..................................................... 144 Formate...................................................... 145 Methane .................................. , 145 Ammonia.................................. 146 Oxidations in Which Protons Are from Water .................................. 147 Nitrite.................................. 147 Carbon monoxide .................................. 147 Reduced sulfur compounds .................................. 147 Sulfide.................................... 147 Sulfur .................................. 148 Thiosulfate................................. e 148 Sulfite ................................. 148 Oxidations in Which Protons Originate from Substrate and Water.............................................. 149 Trimethylamine ..................................................... 149 Glucose ..................................................... 149 Reactions in Which Protons Are Not Produced from Substrate................................................... 149 Iron ..................................................... 149 Copper and tin...................................................... 150 Uranium ..................................................... 150 Manganese...................................................... 150 Ferrous c-type cytochromes ..................................................... 150 DISCUSSION ..................................................... 150 Requirement for Permease Systems ..................................................... , 150 Accumulation of Toxic Substrates or Products ..................................................... 150 Prevalence of Gram-Negative Organisms ..................................................... 150 Relation to Redox Potentials and Nature of Electron Acceptor ................................................... 150 Absence of the Scheme in Oxidizers of Complex Molecules ..................................................... 150 Rationale for Cases of Cytoplasmic Oxidation of Simple Reductants ............................................ 151 Cytoplasmic utilization of H ...................................................... 151 Involvement of adenine or pyridine nucleotides ..................................................... 151 Importance of reaction products to carbon assimilation ...................................................... 151 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................... 151 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................... 152


By installing equipment to separate light liquids going to flare with the associated gas, an operator was able to increase production by 2,000 bpd. Facilities were placed on a barge to allow faster construction, transportation and hookup. This also made the plant reusable elsewhere when no longer needed for this field.


This paper presents uncertainty propagation in landmark based position estimation methods. Analysis of two methods has been carried out where robot position is estimated by detecting one or two globally distinct features using a pivoted stereo vision system. We make a basic assumption about error in estimating point features in camera images and propagate it into robot position estimate using first order approximation of non-linear functions. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the method.


An important feature of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1 is its high ability to convert the prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA) to therapeutically cytotoxic metabolites, resulting in interstrand DNA‐cross‐linking and cell death. We have examined whether and how the phosphorylation of CYP2B1 influences CPA metabolic activation in vitro and in vivo. We found first that only part of the total CYP2B1 pool undergoes phosphorylation. This part is fully inactivated. Second, phosphorylation of CYP2B1 in intact hepatocytes reduced by up to 75% toxification of CPA to mutagenic metabolites (totally dependent on the same preferentially CYP2B‐catalyzed 4‐hydroxylation of CPA as is the generation of highly cytotoxic species). Third, the phosphoacceptor‐serine 128 of CYP2B1 in the consensus sequence for interaction with the protein kinase A represents an on/off switch for the activation of CPA depending on the phosphorylation conditions in the cell. Fourth, evidence is presented that the above‐described events also occur in vivo. In conclusion, a successful therapy with CPA, helped by forced expression of CYP2B1 in tumor cells (as recently proposed) will, in addition, be profoundly modified by its phosphorylation status. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In order to solve the culvert structure large size,high cost and long construction time and culverts cracking problem and so on by the high filling culvert excessive earth pressure caused,a new load reduction test in site using different thicknesses and widths of EPS on the top and lateral slab culvert is done,The test results shows that: EPS slab can reduce vertical and lateral soil pressure acted on culvert obviously, the thicker the EPS board,the greater the deformation of EPS board,but the strain is smaller,earth pressure decreased considerably,load-reducing significantly on the top and lateral slab culvert,and axial direction on the top of culvert vertical soil pressure is more evenly;According to this trial and previous trials,through the culvert fill soil height with density and thickness of the EPS boards correlation has been established EPS board thickness and density of the formula, and verify the feasibility of the formula,perfected design method on the load reduction of the culvert.


The effect of dye / substrate interaction on the tensile properties of colored poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film has been examined. The PET is colored with anthracene (AC) and its hydroxyl derivatives ( group I dyes) as well as with anthra quinone (AQ) and its hydroxyl derivatives ( group II dyes). The offset yield stress of PET colored with anthrarobin (group IB) and with 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (group II H) increases respectively by 16 and 12 MPa more than the control. After annealing, the values increase further by 7 and 5 MPa, respectively. This reinforcing effect is thought to arise from the formation of hydrogen bondings between dye and substrate, while 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (group II E) has a plasticizing effect. Dye H has a slower stress-relaxation rate than the control, whereas dye E has a faster rate. As the dye concentration in the films increases, the melting points (Tm ) of melt-quenched dye/PET mixed systems are depressed. The interaction parameter between dye and substrate X1 is obtained using Flory's equation, which shows Tm depression of the systems. The values of X1 for AC and AQ are approximately zero, but other dyes have positive values. These results suggest that most of dye molecules aggregate in PET because the affinity of dyes for the substrate is inadequate. However, the values depend somewhat on the strength of the dye/substrate interaction.


Abstract Well-site palynology provides a primary exploration tool for aiding operational decision making. The technique enables "up-to-the-minute" stratigraphic monitoring of drilling progress and can provide accurate and precise stratigraphic information for the setting of casing points. It can also quickly provide valuable stratigraphic information to assist decisions on well termination. This wellsite service offers major time savings in sample transportation and communication of results. BP's recent design and development of a self-contained portable laboratory has provided a major breakthrough for enabling land-based and offshore well-site palynological analyses in such diverse locations as Alaska, Holland, Norway, Ireland, China and Papua New Guinea. The technical specifications of this palynology unit and its use are described with reference to BP's exploration in Papua New Guinea.


Range sidelobe suppression in synthetic aperture radars (SARs) is conventionally realized using amplitude weighting with windowing functions in either time or frequency domains, which would result in a reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output. To counterbalance the loss, a system with more complexity and cost is needed, especially for spaceborne SAR. Fortunately, nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) chirp waveforms, which can shape the signal's power spectral density and offer radar matched filter output with lower sidelobes at no cost of reduced SNR, is a promising candidate. In this letter, the proof-of-principle experiment is presented to construct NLFM transmitting pulses using a real SAR system platform on the ground and analyze the characteristics of the pulses. Two approaches are developed to perform system-specific predistortion and the advantage of NLFM waveforms with better SNR is demonstrated using the theoretical derivation and experimental results. For spaceborne NLFM SAR, the effect of Doppler shift on NLFM SAR imaging cannot be neglected. Therefore, for further promoting the application of NLFM in SAR, one effective compensation approach is developed. All the experimental results and analysis validate the promising potential of NLFM for SAR application.


The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re-evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of o-phenylphenol (OPP) [90-43‐7] and sodium o-phenylphenol (OPP-Na) [132-27‐4], considering all endpoints. Bladder tumours were observed in rats after supplementation of food with OPP and OPP-Na. The cause of these is regarded to be a cytotoxic effect in combination with species or gender-specific factors and the effect is seen especially at high dosages at a saturation range in metabolism. A specific genotoxic effect could not be detected. OPP and OPP-Na are therefore classified into Carcinogen Category 4; this means if the MAK value is observed, no carcinogenic effects are to be expected. The liver tumours which were observed in male mice are not taken into consideration for this evaluation due to their debatable relevance for humans. After long-term administration of 40 mg OPP/kg body weight and day via food supplements, rats showed no adverse effects.This NOAEL is equal to an air concentration of 98 mg/m3. In establishing the MAK value one must take into consideration the systemic effects and additionally the irritant effects of OPP or the corrosive effects of OPP-Na. There are no data relevant to an evaluation of the local effects on the upper respiratory tract after repeated exposure either for humans or animals. Therefore, a comparative structure analysis has been made for OPP to bisphenol A and a MAK value of 5 mg/m3 I established. For OPP-Na, a structure analogy to calcium hydroxide was considered, based on its alkali strength, and a MAK value of 2 mg/m3 I was set. Due to irritative effects, Peak Limitation Category I is established for both OPP and OPP-Na. OPP was assigned an excursion factor of 1 based on the comparative analysis to bisphenol A. For OPP-Na with its higher water solubility, a comparative analysis based on its alkali strength was made to calcium hydroxide and an excursion factor of 1 was also set. As the NOAEL for developmentally toxic effects at workplace air concentrations is higher than the MAK value for OPP and OPP-Na by a factor of 105 and 146, respectively, both substances are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Skin contact with either OPP or OPP-Na is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 2020, Vol 5, No 3 1 MAK Value Documentations – o-Phenylphenol (OPP) and sodium o-phenylphenol (OPP-Na) MAK value (2015) OPP: 5 mg/m3 I (inhalable fraction) OPP-Na: 2 mg/m3 I (inhalable fraction) Peak limitation (2015) Category I, excursion factor 1 Absorption through the skin –


How can we understand the pivotal value of touch and collaborative processes within two artists' drawing practice and how do we articulate the generative nature of such practice-based research? Bullen's drawing explores the relationship between hand, breath and surface, Fox's, the semi-resisted action of wind between paper and pencil. Both artists have a shared concern with non-representational drawing processes, an expanded notion of 'material' and a focus on the experience of reciprocity between the individual practitioner and the world in which they practice. These concerns are discussed in terms of 'being present' and 'making present', which this article attempts to conceptualise at an interim stage in the research with reference to theory about drawing, anthropology and meditation practice. The understanding of drawing mobilized here is one in which, as Grisewood argues, 'seeing' is not a prerequisite. It is a practice of drawing that is about receiving (Berger 2005) and being (Viola 1995). Lyon, Bullen and Fox are developing a collaborative methodology for this research in which their respective embodied, manual practices of drawing and writing are in dialogue.


List of Contributors. 1. Higher Education in Vietnam: Reform, Challenges and Priorities Grant Harman, Martin Hayden et al. 2. Vietnam's Higher Education System Martin Hayden, Lam Quang Thiep. 3. Higher Education in Vietnam 1986-1998: Education in transition to a new era? Elizabeth St. George. 4. The Higher Education Reform Agenda: A Vision For 2020 Pham Thanh Nghi, Jonathan D. London. 5. Reforming Teaching and Learning in Vietnam's Higher Education System Kay Harman, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich. 6. The Research Role of Vietnam's Universities Grant Harman, Le Thi Bich Ngoc. 7. Research-Industry Cooperation Supporting Development in Vietnam: The Challenge of Translating Policy into Practice Marea Fatseas. 8. Intellectual Property and Vietnam's Higher Education System Robert Spoo, Dao Anh Tuan. 9. Reforming the Governance of Higher Education in Vietnam Khanh Van Dao, Martin Hayden.10. Processes for Strategic Planning in Vietnam's Higher Education System Larry Smith, Nguyen Quang Dong. 11. Processes of Modernisation in Two Public Universities in Vietnam: University Managers' Perspectives Ta Thai Anh, Richard Winter.12. Optimising the Impact of Vietnam's Higher Education Sector on Socio-economic Development Kiri Evans, Adam Rorris. 13. Accreditation in Vietnam's Higher Education System Don F. Westerheijden, Leon Cremonini et al. 14. Internationalisation of Vietnamese Higher Education: Retrospect and Prospect Anthony R. Welch. 15. Private Higher Education in Vietnam Martin Hayden, Khanh Van Dao.


A theoretical model for the optical absorption of amorphous silicon (a-Si) at high electric field aimed for ease of use is developed. Optical absorption is proportional to the number of possible transitions from valence band to conduction band. When an electron is excited by a photon, the atom it was bound to is ionized and bends all the energy levels to form a Coulombic potential funnel. A high electric field tilts all the energy levels. The Coulombic funnel and the tilted conduction band form a potential barrier through which an electron can tunnel, giving rise to additional available density of conduction band states, thus increasing the optical absorption. The model was used to calculate the optical absorption at zero electric field, 100 kV/cm, and 1 MV/cm. Results show that, although optical absorption change is barely perceptible at electric fields up to 100 kV/cm, the change is much more pronounced at an electric field strength of 1 MV/cm.


M-Governance is the modern information and communication technology for reaching  the unreached. It is a system which utilize internet, Local Area Network(LAN) and mobile device for the purpose of improving effectiveness ,efficiency and delivery of services to the common people. It is the governance through electronic media to promote and justify democracy. In a  democracy the primary job of the government is to focus society on achieving the public interest. Governance is a  means of link between govt. and political ,social and administrative environment. E-Governance can transform citizen service in order to empower them. It helps the public to participate in govt. and enhance citizen economic and social opportunity. This will help the society to lead a better life not only for the present period but also for the future. M-Governance  otherwise known as governance through mobile devices/phones is a domain of E-Governance . It is more popular due to its low cost and easy accessibility. It is the cheapest way of communication even in rural areas. It can provide timely and accurate information which can lead to public empowerment. M-Governance is one web approach of the government in all the departments by using mobile device. Mobile Seva Delivery  Gateway can be one of to its cost saving, proficiency, convenient and flexibility, easy and better access even in remote rural areas. Different factors like rules and regulations, establishment of information security system, optimization of business process and evaluation of E-Governance are responsible in order to have a reliable and good M-Governance.


This work presents a systematic study of millimetre-wave, low-noise, widely-tuneable differential Colpitts VCOs. A design methodology was developed and validated experimentally over thirteen different varactor-tuned (VCO) and fixed-frequency L-C oscillators spanning the 30-GHz to 122-GHz frequency range. All circuits employ accumulation-mode n-MOS varactors, and multi-turn on-chip inductors. The 35-GHz and 60-GHz oscillators achieve phase noise of -112.7 dBc and -104 dBc/Hz, respectively at 1-MHz offset and deliver +4 dBm differential output power while a push-push implementation demonstrates 15-GHz (21%) tuning range from 63.5 GHz to 78.5 GHz. A directly-modulated, 65-GHz binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter is also implemented.


Background: Vitamin C and vitamin E are antioxidants that trapp free radical that is continuously formed in aerobic organism as an effect of aerobic respiration in mitochondria and substrate oxidation. The quantity and quality of breast feeding (ASH are influenced by nutritional status and health of the mother. The ASI vitamin C level is very much related to everyday intake and plasma vitamin C of the mother. Objective: To know the effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on peroxide lipid (MDA) of lactating women. Methods: This was pretest and post test experimental design. The subjects were twenty three lactating women who live in Pakem District, Sleman 19-38 year olds they received 75 mg vitamin C and 2 mg vitamin E every two days for a period of one month. Blood sample was taken from cubit vein before and after supplementation. Determination of vitamin E level used spectrofluorometer, whereas vitamin C and MDA level were determined by spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed with Pearson correlation test Results: the correlation of vitamin C vs MDA; vitamin E vs MDA and vitamin C together with vitamin E vs MDA were r - 0.528; r square 0.276 and p = 0.05; r -0.671, r square 0.451, p = 0.009 and r 0.690; r square 0.476 and p= 0.028, respectively Conclusion: the effect of vitamin E to MDA was stronger than vitamin C Keyword.: vitamin C - vitamin E - peroxide lipid - free radical - lactating mother


Abstract The review focuses on the recent development in anode materials and their synthesis approach, focusing on their compatibility for treating actual industrial wastewater, improving selectivity, electrocatalytic activity, stability at higher concentration, and thereby reducing the mineralization cost for organic pollutant degradation. The advancement in sol–gel technique, including the Pechini method, is discussed in the first section. A separate discussion related to the selection of the electrodeposition method and its deciding parameters is also included. Furthermore, the effect of using advanced heating approaches, including microwave and laser deposition synthesis, is also discussed. Next, a separate discussion is provided on using different types of anode materials and their effect on active •OH radical generation, activity, and electrode stability in direct and indirect oxidation and future aspects. The effect of using different synthesis approaches, additives, and doping is discussed separately for each anode. Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal doping enhance the number of active sites, electrochemical activity, and mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the anode. While, microwave or laser heating approaches were proved to be an effective, cheaper, and fast alternative to conventional heating. The electrodeposition and nonaqueous solvent synthesis were convenient and environment-friendly techniques for conductive metallic and polymeric film deposition.


The performance of the contention-based protocols in 802.11 and ECMA-392 are described and analyzed. Their suitability for various scenarios in TV whitespaces are evaluated. We demonstrate that by adjusting a single parameter over a limited range of values, a high throughput can be maintained. At the same time we can limit the effects of aggregate interference (where multiple secondary stations transmit on the channel at the same time), which could potentially cause interference to primary systems. We describe how the backoff behaviour of both protocols can be compared and evaluated using Markov chains. A description of an extremely fast and efficient way to solve these large and complex chains is given.


In the title compound, C17H17N3O3S, key bond lengths are N—N 1.408 (2) and N—S 1.7023 (15) A. The relative orientation of the two ring systems is defined by the torsion angles between them, namely C—N—N—S 94.99 (15), N—N—S—C 123.90 (12) and N—S—C—C 107.86 (15)°. The molecules are linked in inversion-symmetric pairs by classical hydrogen bonds N—H⋯O=C. All four CH2 groups of the non-aromatic ring are disordered over two positions, corresponding to two alternative conformations.


Part I. The Traditions of Science: 1. Meaning 2. The foundations of dynamical physics 3. Scientific relativity 4. Congruence Part II. The Data of Science: 5. The natural elements 6. Events 7. Objects Part III. The Method of Extensive Abstraction: 8. Principles of the method of extensive abstraction 9. Durations, moments and time-systems 10. Finite abstractive elements 11. Points and straight lines 12. Normality and congruence 13. Motion Part IV. The Theory of Objects: 14. The location of objects 15. Material objects 16. Causal components 17. Figures 18. Rhythms Notes.


Objective To assess the value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography in diagnosis of distortion and malposition intrauterine contraceptive device(IUD).Methods Three-dimensional ultrasonography examinations were con- ducted in 32 patients suspected with IUD based on transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasonography scan.Through reconstruc- tion of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography,the type and location of each IUD was detected,and the findings of hysteroscopy,laparoscopy or laparotomy was compared with the result of three-dimensional ultrasonography.Results Sat- isfactory three-dimensional ultrasonography images were obtained in 31 cases(96.9%)in which the type and location of IUD and the relationship between IUD and uterine cavity were distinctly shown.IUDs were removed by hysteroscopy,laparosco- py,or laparotomy successfully in 29 of the 31 cases with IUD.The findings of operation were consistent with the results of three-dimensional ultrasonography.Conclusion Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography is of great value in diagno- sis the distortion and malposition of IUD.


An inventory is made for the present available continued driver training programmes for drivers of cars and lorries in The Netherlands. The impact of such continued diver training can be threefold: (1) decrease of the number of damages and injuries; (2) decrease of energy use (fuel consumption); and (3) decrease of the pollution. A matrix is given of general characteristics of the different continued driver training programmes. The content of the courses, which are relevant for the study, is described per institute.


Effective treatment of major mental illness in children, adolescents and adults poses a continuing challenge to psychiatry, and unaddressed childhood trauma plays an important role in this challenge. The aim of this communication is based on an earlier paper, is to highlight research that has been carried out on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and major mental illness, and the emphasis placed on treatment of mental illness almost exclusively with pharmacotherapy while paying lip-service to psychological therapies, including dynamic psychotherapy. This is in spite of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE's) Studies of 1998 and 2010, which demonstrate links between childhood trauma and mental illness. I have chosen to use depression as an example because of its common occurrence, increasing morbidity and cost to services globally.


Based on Hertzian contact theory, the distribution of the wheel-rail's normal contact force in the contact area and the normal displacements of both contact bodies are calculated with the iteration algorithm. By defining different Kalker's coefficients in every contact area respectively, one improved FastSim algorithm is introduced to calculate the longitudinal, lateral creep forces and spin moment, which there is multi-point contact happening between the wheel and rail. The calculation results are compared with the classical FastSim algorithm and Shen-Hedrick-Elkins theory, and the small differences between them as well as the considering of calculating creep forces in different discrete contact area means that the improved FastSim algorithm can get the better solution for the calculation of wheel-rail contact forces with multi-point contact.


The construction of Europe is having an increasing impact on the domestic policies of Member States. But what exactly is the situation with respect to public administrations and services of general interest (SGIs) in 2005? A comparative approach in terms of Europeanisation has been adopted in the discussion of these two areas whose boundaries fluctuate. In the context of setting up a European administrative space, Community law affects basic principles, the process of opening up careers and working conditions for civil servants. Administrative co-operation between States outside the scope of Community competence has an impact in terms of social intercourse, the development of common methods and approaches and the invention of new instruments (e.g. the CAF). There appears to be a very different approach to Europeanisation as regards services of general interest, which have had a legal basis since 1957. Although it initially crops up against a background of considerable divergence in national traditions, in this instance the Community process is moving in the direction of greater convergence. We can observe, in accordance with the rules on competition, a liberalisation of the various services of general economic interest (SGEI) without this movement being in any way directly linked to the processes of privatisation and regulation. Employing a varied and innovative methodology, combining an analysis of national legislations and Community case law with a statistical study that compares six liberalised sectors (audiovisual, electricity, gas, post, railways and telecommunications), this book is the first to present an overall view of the enlarged European Union of Twenty-five. The following have contributed to this book: Lucie Cluzel, Christoph Demmke, Gilles Dumont, Michel Mangenot, Spas Sodev, Michael Stassart, Frederic Varone and Christian de Visscher. With advice from Pierre Bauby and Jean-Michel Eymeri.


Users of websites such as Facebook, Ebay and Yahoo! demand fast response times, and these sites replicate data across globally distributed datacenters to achieve this. However, it is not necessary to replicate all data to all locations: if a European user's record is never accessed in Asia, it does not make sense to pay the bandwidth and disk costs to maintain an Asian replica. In this paper, we describe mechanisms for selectively replicating large-scale web databases on a record-by-record basis. We introduce a flexible constraint language to specify replication policy constraints. We then present an adaptive scheme for replicating data to where it is most frequently accessed, while respecting policy constraints and using minimal bookkeeping. Experiments using a modified version of our PNUTS system demonstrate our techniques work well.


LCL filters are widely used in power electronic inverters, however the analysis of these systems is complicated by delays associated with digital implementation of their controllers. This paper proposes a new method to eliminate delays resulting from applying pulse width modulation (PWM) at inverters output. PWM delay is eliminated by shifting the middle point of applied pulses using some features of available digital signal processors (DSPs). The paper also limits the computation delay of various controllers to the time needed for two floating point multiplications, three additions and signals sampling. The impact of minimizing introduced delay in control loops is found to support reducing filter components sizes, securing robustness against parameters variations and supporting smooth transient responses. Through a number of simulation and experimental studies, the proposed method to minimize delay and the controller designed whereby are found to be very effective during steady state as well as transient response of inverters operation.


Due to the increased attention to low frequency magnetic fields and their possible effects on human health, the "installation limit value" of 1µT was applied in Switzerland. To withhold this strict value, various mitigation possibilities to the equipment and shielding of the components or of the room were analysed, with the aid of diverse calculations and laboratory measurements. The knowledge obtained was implemented in existing MV/LV substations. This paper presents the practical experience gained during the last few years in a real distribution network with a comparison of the various mitigation techniques.


We find a family of five dimensional completely solvable compact manifolds that constitute the first examples of $K$-contact manifolds which satisfy the Hard Lefschetz Theorem and have a model of Tievsky type just as Sasakian manifolds but do not admit any Sasakian structure.


Double-pair emission from type-II parametric down-conversion results in a highly entangled four-photon state. Due to interference, which is similar to bunching from thermal emission, this state is not simply a product of two pairs. The observation of this state can be achieved by splitting the two emission modes at beam splitters and subsequent detection of a photon in each output. Here we describe the features of this state and construct a Bell-type inequality, which gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a four-photon test of local realistic hidden variable theories.


If God is in the details, tangible detail can inform
and inspire intangible feeling. But if the detail is alien, or
simply not present, in its current mythologized, eroded, or
repaired form, nor in its well-studied mechanical behavior
and chemistry, how can it contribute to spirit of place?
Victor Hugo's argument "Ceci Tuera Cela", this kills that, is
witnessed in restoration practice. This paper acknowledges a
cultural dualism and argues for wholeness through literacy
and craftsmanship. A examination of GBCA's recent
experience – literally from the trenches and scaffold of
masonry restoration – focuses on the culturally destructive
capacity of restoration and repair projects and on hardlearned
practical means to avoid loss and promote
conservation of local traditional detail and feeling. A
discussion of factors contributing to the disappearance of a
common form of nineteenth century pointing, provides
perspective on the larger restoration debate, using local
examples before a line-up of the usual suspects, Notre
Dames, Parthenons, Place Royale, The Toronto Dominion
Centre, and the Vimy Monument.


A laser Doppler vibrometer was created with the ability to measure the vibrations of distant objects up to 250 meters away. The vibrometer is provided with a scanning system for automatic vibration measurement in an array of points. The control program moves the probe beam according to the research protocol, processes and store information. To demonstrate the capabilities of the system, we studied of the amplitude distribution of vibrations and the distribution of longitudinal stresses in a cantilevered tube located at a distance of 22 meters. The measurements at different frequencies are in good agreement with the numerical calculations performed by finite element code CalculiX.


Abstract Hypotheses derived from a self-presentation analysis of the increments in helping following transgression were examined. Subjects (N = 63) present when a confederate spilled a box of computer cards were asked to volunteer to assist in an unrelated experiment. Prior to the solicitation of help, confederates either did nor did not confess to having spilled the cards. Help was solicited under either public or anonymous conditions. The prediction that subjects would be more willing to help under public than anonymous conditions was supported. Subjects under public conditions were more willing to help when confederates had confessed. The prediction that the mere occurrence of the accident would increase helping was not supported. Results are consistent with the self-presentation analysis but call into question the reliability of the transgression-compliance relationship.


Automated classification of recyclable waste is necessary to process a huge amount of recyclables for reuse. This research features recycling a pre-trained attention mechanism for cropping region of interest (RoI) for efficient classification of recyclable waste. We report that an attention mechanism pre-trained with the MNIST dataset, followed by simple morphological operations, successfully provides a bounding box for a recyclable object to be fed into object recognition models such as ResNet50 and EffNetB0. This way, we avoid the cost of annotating large datasets to train state-of-the-art object detection models such as YOLO and R-CNN. Experimental results using the Recyclable Solid Waste Dataset (RSWD) show that our attention-based RoI cropping method is effective enough to separate an object for recognition to achieve accurate classification of recyclables.


Objective To investigate the change of the concentration of IL-2?IL-6?IL-10 in peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in monkey's experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE),as to explaining it's function in mechanism and prognosis of the disease. Methods First set up animal models of monkey's EAE. Then separate the animals by their onset symptoms according to the level and the different stages of disease. At the same time survey the blood and CSF concentrations of IL-2?IL-6?IL-10, finally process the findings statistically. Results IL-2 in the first or the third week in the acute stage of EAE (5.0±0.8 and 5.3±1.2,respectively) was obviously higher than that (0.7±0.3) before the onset,P=0.045,0.041 respectively,both IL-6 and IL-10 in recuperation or chronic stage were higher significantly than before the onset,P=0.004 3,0.006 5 respectively. The findings were significant statistically. Conclusion IL-2 up-regulates immunologically,which accelerates the disease. IL-6 and IL-10 down-regulate immunologically,which reduce the disease. The findings may play an important role in studying immunological mechanism of EAE or MS in the future.


This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phytase as feed additive on growth performance and survival rate against Saprolegnia spp.in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. A total of 120 C. carpio (initial mass 20.05-20.35g) were randomly stocked into six treatments in duplicate (10 fish/tank) as follows: T1, T2 and T3 were fed basal diet supplemented with phytase at 1000, 2000 and 4000 IU/Kg diet respectively, while T4 were fed on basal diet plus β-glugan at concentration of 8.5 g/kg as well as the control group was fed basal diet without any addition of phytase. Results showed after 60 days of feeding period, that the addition of phytase enzyme was significantly (p<0.05) affected on daily growth (DG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T3 and T2 followed by T4 and T1 compared to control group. At the end of experimental period (60 days) fish were challenged with Saprolegnia spp. After 15 days of challenge test, the best survival rate was recorded in T3 (100%) followed by T2 (80%) then T1 (70%) respectively. All treatment groups were better than the positive control group which recorded 40 %. Based on these results, this study approved the potency of the phytase enzyme on growth performance and survival rate against the Saprolegniasis in common carp.


Using seed priming as a tool to overcome salinity stress conditions on lettuce Lactuca sativa L. (White Paris cv.) was studied. Seeds were primed in 5 different priming agents (PEG, KNO3, NaCl, CaCl2, Mannitol) plus the control treatment (without priming) then germination under laboratory conditions using different salinity levels, i.e. 0.00, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 7000 ppm was evaluated . Results indicated that primed seeds had a higher germination percentage than unprimed seeds under saline stress regardless of priming agent. Seed priming also reduced days required to 50% germination and promoted rapid and uniform germination under adverse conditions. Germination percentage and germination performance index were decreased with increasing saline stress while, uniformity of germination and days required to 50% germination were increased with increasing salinity levels. The low salinity level of 1000 ppm enhanced seed germination and seedling growth Lettuce seed germination showed high response to seed priming under salinity conditions; the most effective agents were CaCl2 , PEG and Mannitol. It could be concluded that seed priming agents have promotional effects on lettuce seed germination under salinity stress conditions


PURPOSE: to describe the socio-economic and demographic aspects of mothers related to a newborn hearing screening program in Recife. METHODS: this study was developed in public hospitals in Recife, through interviews carried out with the mothers. After each interview, the mothers were invited to carry out hearing screening in their babies in audiological clinics at the Universities, with no any burden. RESULTS: 1,021 mothers took part in this study, with the following features: age varying from 13 to 50 years, with the majority (69.5%) between 20 and 35 years-old, 59.4% were married or had formal consented union, 39.1% were single, and the majority of mothers (34.1%) did not finished high school, 3.4% completed university graduation, the majority of the mothers (72.8%) earned less than one minimal wage per month, 90.3% had goods such as TV (83.6%), their self-owned house (56.7%), and telephone (40.7%). CONCLUSION: the results showed the socio-economic and demographic aspects of the mother involved in the newborn hearing screening program were married young adults, with low educational level and low income. They mostly had no outside job and owned a TV set. Therefore, from de findings we can better substantiate programs direct towards mothers with the indicated socioeconomic features. However, for reaching all mothers, the study also provided indications of minority groups that deserve, certainly, new sequential studies.


An analytical study is presented for thermocapillary migration of a fluid sphere in a constant prescribed temperature gradient parallel to an adiabatic plane. The Peclet and Reynolds numbers are assumed to be small, so that the temperature distributions and flow fields of the fluids inside and outside the droplet are governed by the Laplace and Stokes equations, respectively. A method of reflections is used to obtain the asymptotic formulas for temperature and velocity fields in the quasi-steady situation. The thermally insulated plane may be a solid wall (no-slip) and/or a free surface (perfect-slip). The boundary effect on the asymmetric thermocapillary motion of a droplet parallel to a plane is found to be weaker than that on the axisymmetric thermocapillary migration of a sphere normal to a plane with constant temperature. In comparison with the motion driven by gravitational force, the interaction between the particle and the boundary is less significant under thermocapillary migration. Even so, the ...


The aim of this study is to characterize deep levels in GaAs-GaAlAs super lattices and to determine the band offset of this system by studying a quantum wells which acts as a trap. In the first part of this Work, deep level transient spectroscopy and photo luminescence measurements have been used to characterize DX centres in Si-doped GaAs-AlAs super lattices and Si-doped GaAlAs alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We have shown that the DX centre appears in the AlAs layer with an energy of 0. 42eV, the same as in the GaAlAs alloys. In the GaAs-AlAs super lattices the DX is detected only when the silicon lies in the AlAs barriers. The DX in this case has the lowest state energy relatively to the GaAs conduction band minimum, while the DX in the GaAs layers is resonant with the conduction mini band. It is possible to reduce the DX concentration by a selective doping of the GaAs layers in the super lattice, by limiting the diffusion of the silicon towards the adjacent layers. In the second part, we have characterized the electron emission from a GaAs quantum well confirmed by GaAlAs layers, and from an enlarged quantum well in GaAs-GaAlAs super lattices. We have find a hetero junction band discontinuities in agreement With the value determined by other methods. The deep levels have been characterized in GaAs-GaAlAs super lattices grown by organometallic vapour phase deposition and the shape of the spectra depends on whether the emission takes place towards the mimi band conduction or towards the GaAs or GaAlAs conduction bands.


The invention discloses a mobile communication device and an automatic charging method thereof at low power. The mobile communication device comprises a power detection device, a location device, and a mobile device. The power detection device is used for detecting the power of a power supply device, performing data exchange with a processor, and outputting a power detection structure of the power supply device to the processor. The location device performs data exchange with an external charging device of the mobile communication device, locates the position of the external charging device, and computes the distance between the external charging device and the location device. The mobile device is contained in a shell. When the power detection device detects low power, the mobile device starts under the control of the processor, and enables the mobile communication device to move toward the external charging device under the guidance of the location device. The mobile communication device has the function of automatic charging at low power.


It's difficult for the present college student to obtain employment,which important cause depends on great majority synthetical graduate quality is not good,the competition obtaining employment dispatches,require that colleges and universities deepens the reform of education teaching by knowing the society need characteristic to talented person all round,build the education total quality management TQM system cooperating with society,improve educational quality,promote a student's full employment of guarantee college student synthesizing quality,ability.