In the long history of the Chinese language we may find a number of complex words with the morph shng, meaning "to be / to be by nature", as one of their constituents. For some instances of shng (also in the neutral tone) in such words, this morph may be regarded as a suffix-like formative, derivating nouns (such as e.g. in xinsheng "sir, mr.", lit. "born earlier", xuésheng "student", "study + scholar", yshng "physician", "medicine + professional"), verbs ( chshng "to be born", "go out + be born") and adverbs ( hoshng "quite, exceedingly", "quite + very"). There are also instances, albeit rare and non-productive, of shng being used as a prefix-like element, specifically as an intensifier preceding verbs of perception (as in e.g. shng téng "very painful"). Here we shall first analyze and describe, basing on historical data, the nature and the importance of complex words with shng; in a typological-comparative perspective, we shall then turn to the examination of "parallel" complex words of some Indo-European languages, where one of the consitutents is a grammatical / lexical form which may be traced back to one of the two I.E. roots *h1es/ *sand *bweh2-, whose original meaning is "to be / to be by nature", just as the Chinese morph under examination here. Excluding, for obvious reasons, genealogical kinship between Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European languages, the fact that they have parallel morphological phenomena hints to the possibility of the existence of "semantic universals" operating at a cognitive level. 0. Introduction Modern Chinese, although it has often been regarded as a typical isolating language, indeed has a number of (proto-?)morphological phenomena, mainly (but not limited to) complex words made of lexical morphemes. In this paper we shall analyse, both from the diachronic and from the synchronic perspective, complex words where one constituent is the morph(eme) shng / sheng "to be (born), to be by nature", which has had several historically attested semantic values as a constituent of polymorphemic words (and, to a lesser extent, as an affix / affixoid). In the second part of our paper we shall turn to the analysis of "parallel" word-forms attested in some Indo-European languages; those words have as one of their constituents a morph with a (nearly) analogous meaning as Ch. shng, which, although having different phonological (and, needless to say, ortographic) shapes for different languages, may be in all cases traced back to one of the I.E. roots *h1es/ *s// *b weh2-. From the typological point of view, the interest in such comparison lies in the fact, that Chinese and I.E. languages in the field of word formation, seem to have a fundamental difference: whereas in the former language the morphematic structure of complex words is, normally, completely transparent (even for many older word-forms), mainly because of the logographic nature of the Chinese writing system, in the I.E. languages, as it is known (see e.g. Hopper 1990), it is quite common for morpheme boundaries to become opaque in the historical development of a word, thus making "originally" compound or derivate words look like simple words in the syncrhonic stage; we shall provide several examples for this in the following sections. As we can definitely n exclude a genealogical (or contact) explanation for the existence of parallel structures in complex words from Chinese and I.E. languages, such similarity suggests the possibility of "meaning universals" or, rather, common cognitive strategies operating in the The shng/sheng Complex Words in Chinese between Morphology and Semantics On line proceedings of the Sixth Mediterranean Morphology Meeting 191 speakers' mind when it comes to "recruiting" morphemes for complex word building (also, grammaticalization: see Heine & Kuteva 2002). 1. Theoretical background. What is a complex word? As mentioned in the introduction, our research is centred on the analysis of complex words, and we shall now explain what we include under this label. In the literature on word formation, a complex word is a word-form containing either one lexical morpheme and a derivational affix, or more than one lexical morpheme / subword (Bauer 2006), and, optionally, a derivational affix, including derivatives and compound words; this notion, as it is known, is a descriptive label which is synchronic in nature, i.e. applicable to a word-form caught at a certain stage of its development. Here we shall adopt a rather different approach: for the purposes of our analysis, we shall apply the notion of complex word to the diachrony of the language: what may be regarded as a simple word now might be the evolution of a complex word, made up of more than one lexical / derivational morpheme, as the following Latin adjectives: (1) pr-b-us "honest" < *pr-bh-os "(one) who is, by nature, before, in a prominent position" super-b-us "arrogant" < *super-bh-os "(one) who is by nature above". The Latin words have the appearance of simple words, containing only one lexical morpheme. However, by enclosing the "b" between hyphens we wanted to highlight the presence of a derivative form of the I.E. root *bweh2"to be, to be by nature" (see 0.), already "blended" in the root in the Latin adjectives in (1), the reconstructed "pre-Latin" forms of which are those on the right side; by comparing the Latin forms and the reconstructed ones, we may notice the structural opacity of the former ones. In the Chinese lexicon, instead, owing to the peculiar nature of the writing system and of the morphology of the language there is an almost absolute transparency in word formation, differently from what typically happens in the Indo-European languages (see Belardi 1990). Let us examine a Chinese example: 2) dù "to cross (a sheet of water)" + chuán "boat" = dùchuán "ferry" Needless to say, the meaning of a Chinese complex word is not always predictable: when a word has a "deep" level of lexicalization (such as e.g. "completely", lit. "press+root"; example in Packard 2000:222), it may acquire a "non-transparent" meaning; nevertheless, the morpheme structure of the word will still be visible. Having made clear what we mean by "complex words", we shall turn now a brief discussion of some issues concerning the application of the notion of "morphology" to the Chinese language. 2. Some remarks on multi-morphemic words in the history of Chinese 1 On the notion of "word", see Ramat (1990 and 2005) and the recent work by Dixon & Aikhenvald (2004). 2 The classical definition of the compound, as it is known, regards only words as possible constituents for it (see e.g. Fabb 1998); Haspelmath (2002) and prefers the label "lexeme" for the forms which take part in the creation of compound words. The definition of what consitutes a "lexeme" or a "lexical morpheme" as a complex word constituent may well depend on the language one considers (especially, depending on the morphological type, such as agglutinating vs. inflectional, etc.), as it was pointed out by Bauer (2006:719): "[t]he implication of this is that the forms in which the individual subwords appear may be differently defined in different languages; a citation form in one, a stem in another, a specific compounding form in yet a third, a word form in a fourth". 3 See Packard (2000:216-225), where a categorization of five "lexicalization types" is proposed for Chinese. Emanuele Banfi & Giorgio Francesco Arcodia On-line Proceedings of the Sixth Mediterranean Meeting of Morphology 192 As we already mentioned in the introductory paragraph, Modern Chinese has morphology, and the number of works inquiring into word formation phenomena in this language is, nowadays, vast. What is, possibly, not yet widespread known is that Chinese has always had multimorphemic words, even in the old stages of its development; in (3) we provide an example of a sub-sillabic suffix present in Old Chinese, the*-s suffix, usually deriving nouns from adjectives or verbs (Baxter & Sagart 1998:54): (3) chuán "transmit" < driwen < *drjon  zhuàn "a record" < drjwenH < *drjon-s (*"something transmitted") This kind of sub-sillabic affixes, however, do not survive up to the modern language (and, in fact, they had already started deteriorating in Old Chinese). The model for morphological phenomena which "won the challenge of history", rather, is the agglutination of morphemes (mostly, monosyllabic), typically bearing lexical meaning, as we can see in this Old Chinese word (from Pulleyblank 2000:1736): (4) bi "100" + xìng "surname" = bixìng "commmon people". The spread of this typology of word-formation processes lead a linguist such as Lin (2001:62) to define Chinese as "a language of compounded words". In the huge number of complex words in Modern Chinese we may notice a few instances where one of the consituent morphemes (most frequently, the rightmost one) seems to have become grammaticalized in a derivational morpheme, showing no formal difference with the corresponding lexical morpheme (if present), but having apparently undergone some sort of semantic shift towards "bleaching" of meaning (Hopper & Traugott 2003): this seems to be the case, e.g., for b "bar" (a loanword from English), the meaning of which has "faded", deriving words such as qíbá "chess club", where it means something like "meeting place". However, at present there is no agreement in the literature on the topic on whether such cases should be regarded as instances of grammaticalization: here we shall not discuss the issue any further and we shall just stress the fact that the notions of "affix", "derivation" and "compounding" are controversial, and here we shall not always be using them advisedly. 3. A case study: complex word forms with shng/sheng Having made explicit the theoretical and empirical basis of our research, let us now turn to the analysis of our historical data on complex words containing the morpheme shng / sheng. 4 To name but a few, Packar


Hsieh and Simpson have given the abundance ratio of alpha particles and protons for seven solar proton events in 1967. In addition, Lanzerotti and Maclennan have analyzed seven events that occurred during the December 1967 to November 1969 period, which includes the maximum of solar cycle 20. Herein a similar analysis is reported based on OV5-6 satellite data for eight events during the November 1969 to November 1972 period after the cycle maximum. The flare-averaged alpha particle to proton ratio reported here varies as 0.032E$sup - 0$.$sup 3$ in the particle energy range from 2.7 to 8.0 MeV/nucleon. Following the precedent of Lanzerotti and Robbins the alpha particle to proton ratios are determined for equal energy/nucleon, equal rigidity, and equal energy/charge. Finally, a comparison of the yearly average of the total integrated proton and alpha particle fluxes is made for the maximum and descending periods of solar cycle 20. (AIP)


Introduction The purpose of this expository article is to describe in an elementary and homogeneous manner, the relationship between the geometric and algebraic multiplicities of isolated critical points of holomorphic functions. In particular , I am interested in the setting where the function is invariant under some group action. The emphasis is on functions invariant under actions of nite groups as very little is known if the group is not nite. Most of the results described here are already explicitly in the literature; the only small extension is to functions that are not invariant, but equivariant under the action of a group G: a function f satisfying f(gx) = #(g)f(x) for some homomorphism # : G ! C. The results (in Section 7) on the multiplicity of critical points of homogeneous functions invariant under C are also new. Caveat: I will say nothing about the other important invariant of critical points of functions: the Milnor bre. For this, the interested reader should refer to the original material, namely 8], 20] (for nite group actions), 10] (for C-actions) and 9, 13] (for the weighted homogeneous cases). This article grew out of a series of lectures I gave at the ICMSC in July 1992, preceding the conference. I would particularly like to thank Maria Ruas for inviting me to give the lectures, for organizing a wonderful conference , and nally for encouraging me to write up the lectures for publication in these proceedings. I would also like to thank Mark Roberts and Duco van Straten for the many stimulating discussions I have had with them on the material in these lectures. Terminology and notation All functions and diierential forms will be assumed to be holomorphic, and although we will usually say, \let f be a 1 2 J. Montaldi function on C n ", we will mean that f is deened in a neighbourhood of 0 in C n. All the actions we consider are linear; consequently the terms representation and action are interchangeable. The motivation for considering only linear actions is that the results we are interested in here are purely local, and locally, near a xed point, any action can be linearized. We assume a basic familiarity with the representation theory of nite groups, see for example Serre's book 17]. For a representation V of the group G, we write V ] for its image in the representation ring of …


This article discusses characteristics and the state of legal and socio-legal research undertaken in the framework of law degree programs in Colombia, focusing on key issues concerning the quality of the country´s present legal education programs. For this purpose, based on the results of the 2017 Colciencias nationwide call to recognize and categorize research groups in Colombia, a ranking of law degree programs is undertaken. The output of this ranking offers insights about the role of private and public universities in research, the regional distribution of research production, the correlations between research and PhD programs, the relationships between research and high-quality accreditation of law degree programs, as well as the connections between research and obtaining the qualified register of academic programs. Conclusions focus on aspects concerning higher education policies and their effects on practices and the status of legal research in Colombia.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/Rev.Repub.2018.v25.a51


Health authorities and NHS Trusts are being asked to give a written commitment to safeguard racial equality in the reformed health service.


This article first analyzes the feasibility of integrated management system, and then classifies the integration methods of integrated management system from different perspectives, namely, from the system level and the operational level. And it analyzes the application and the advantages or disadvantages of a variety of integrated methods, indicating that the more common situation at present is taking quality management system as the center to integrate. In the end, it concludes that there will be some operation problems in the future if the quality management system is taken as the center to integrate the management system. So we use the large-scale system integration thinking, that is, establish the manage- ment system based on PDCA, classify the links and elements of the organization according to the four sections of PDCA from the whole, large-scale system perspective, and then analyze and distinguish the elements to request and edit docu- ments based on these three Standards.


ABSTRACT "Sketchy Modernism" argues for a definition of modernism that takes into account institutional failure and the precarity of academic labor. The adjective "sketchy," defined as at once unfinished and foundational, serves here as a guide for rethinking our own scholarly commitments. I claim Jean Rhys as an exemplary "sketchy modernist," considering how her novel Voyage in the Dark (1934) and her unpublished short story "The Imperial Road," written in the early 1970s, offer insight into contemporary academic insecurity.


Social capital has been regarded as a driving force in organizational emergence and growth. This research investigates the effects of social capital in nascent entrepreneurial projects carried out by entrepreneurial teams. By surveying 33 nascent entrepreneurial teams, this paper explores how 1) the internal social structure of the team, which reflects the communication patterns and the feelings between the members; and 2) the team's external social structure, which is based on the diversity of ties that the members of the team have with outside parties, impact the advancement of a business idea. It was found that teams with high external social capital have a higher performance, while the empirical results failed to support that high internal social capital was better for team performance.


The next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) series is a follow on to the existing GOES system currently operating over the Western Hemisphere. Superior spacecraft and instrument technology will support expanded detection of environmental phenomena, resulting in more timely and accurate forecasts and warnings. Advancements over current GOES capabilities include a new capability for total lightning detection (cloud and cloud-to-ground flashes) from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), and improved spectral (3x), spatial (4x), and temporal (5x) resolution for the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The GLM, an optical transient detector and imager operating in the near-IR at 777.4 nm will map all (in-cloud and cloud-to-ground) lighting flashes continuously day and night with near-uniform spatial resolution of 8 km with a product refresh rate of less than 20 sec over the Americas and adjacent oceanic regions, from the west coast of Africa (GOES-E) to New Zealand (GOES-W) when the constellation is fully operational. This will aid in forecasting severe storms and tornado activity, and convective weather impacts on aviation safety and efficiency. In parallel with the instrument development (a prototype and 4 flight models), a GOES-R Risk Reduction Team and Algorithm Working Group Lightning Applications Team have begun to develop the Level 2 algorithms and applications. Proxy total lightning data from the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and regional test beds are being used to develop the pre-launch algorithms and applications, and also improve our knowledge of thunderstorm initiation and evolution. Real time lightning mapping data are being provided in an experimental mode to selected National Weather Service (NWS) national centers and forecast offices via the GOES-R Proving Ground to help improve our understanding of the application of these data in operational settings and facilitate Day-1 user readiness for this new capability.


Introduction: Higher education represents a significant type of investment in human resources that help sustainable development by providing and promoting the required knowledge, skill and insights of learners. Higher education promote the knowledge and scientific and research progress gives rise to the new knowledge. New knowledge owes human's creative thinking. Therefore, creativity is among the most important and universal functions of human being. Creativity is the ability of individual to generate a new idea, theory and insight or reconstructing the sciences and the other fields. As a cultural symbol in a society, higher education plays a major role in creativity dynamic of learners. The aim of this study was to introduce the creativity in higher education and to examine its role in sustainable development. Conclusion: It is possible to take a step towards realizing and expansion of the sustainable development by evolving extensive changes in supreme educational system and training creative and innovative students. As a principal basis of educational system teachers play a major role in nurturing the creativity. Therefore, the key to cultural education and preparation, which is itself the key to sustainable development and society progress, should be found in the hands of innovative and new-seeker teachers with a high loyalty to the various creative teaching patterns.


Excited states of the neutron-deficient nucleus Hg-175, populated using fusion-evaporation reactions, are reported for the first time. The spin and parity of the ground state has been determined to ...


The diversity of native trout fish Salmo spp. comprises a variety of nominal taxa in Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Recent mapping of the resident trout populations detected the presence of brown trout Salmo trutta (sensu stricto) of the Atlantic (AT) mtDNA lineage introduced into populations of both tentative Danubian trout Salmo labrax and of tentative Adriatic trout Salmo farioides belonging to the Danubian (DA) and Adriatic (AD) mtDNA lineages, respectively. Introduction of the tentative Macedonian trout Salmo macedonicus of the AD lineage was also detected in a native population of the tentative S. labrax. In almost all recipient nonmigratory trout populations, a cross-breeding between native and introduced trout was detected by heterozygosity in either only the LDH-C nuclear locus or the LDH-C and specific microsatellite loci. The only exception was a population where both resident and migratory, lake-dwelling individuals of the tentative Adriatic trout spawned in a downstream section of a stream in Montenegro, as no microsatellite alleles of Atlantic brown trout that had been introduced upstream were detected. The occurrence of cross-breeding between Adriatic and brown trout was evident in the isolated, upstream section. It appears that migrating, lake-dwelling Adriatic trout in combination with their resident, stream-dwelling conspecifics suppress the introgression of genes from those situated upstream. In this regard, consideration should be given to the occurrence of the migratory brown trout in the Danube River at the broader Iron Gate Gorge area. They migrate in late summer and early fall from the Iron Gate One reservoir to the lower sections of tributaries devoid of any trout fish. However, some of these streams house very special native trout of the DA lineage in their short-extending upper sections. These native trout populations are, so far, still out of contact with the reservoir-dwelling trout. However, given the resilience of trout and their migratory life history, the outcome of this introduction could be deleterious for those native fish that are very precious in the conservation sense.


Physicians and physicians‐in‐training have repeatedly demonstrated poor accuracy of global self‐assessments, which are assessments removed from the context of a specific task, regardless of any intervention. Self‐monitoring, an in‐the‐moment self‐awareness of one's performance, offers a promising alternative to global self‐assessment. The purpose of this scoping review is to better understand the state of self‐monitoring in graduate medical education.


This research paper focus on exploring the status of awareness & satisfactory levels of various provisions of Indian Factories act, 1948 in the target organisation 'Penna Cement Industries Limited' located at Tadipatri in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The paper initially describes the background of Labour Legislation in India and its classification. The need, importance and objectives of the research is than stated followed by the Literature review that briefs the important provisions of the Factories Act pertaining to Labour and the Industry & Company profile where the research is conducted. The research targets to know the awareness and satisfactory levels of the provisions of Factories act among the lower class of employees by taking a sample of 50 employees by Random Sampling method from the total population of lower class of employees in the organisation. The primary data collected through the Interviewing and Questionnaires. The questionnaire was made as simple as possible and where required it was read out & explained in the local language to many of the employees by the researcher because the majority of the sample population were not well educated. The secondary data was collected through various company publications like Annual Reports, Files and documents related to labour welfare and books, journals, research articles related to Factories Act, 1948. The results indicate that the overall awareness levels of the various provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 is not very high but the satisfactory levels with the facilities provided by the organisation seems to be adequate among the sample employees. In simple words, though the sample employees are not very much aware of the facilities they are to be provided by the Factories Act, 1984, they are being provided with adequate health. Safety & welfare measured by the organisation which is keeping the employees satisfied.


To make voice conversion usable in practical applications, the number of training sentences should be minimized. With traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based techniques small training sets lead to over-fitting and estimation problems. We propose a new approach for mapping line spectral frequencies (LSFs) representing the vocal tract. The idea is based on inherent intra-frame correlations of LSFs. For each target LSF, a separate GMM is used and only the source and target LSF elements best correlating with the current LSF are used in training. The proposed method is evaluated both objectively and in listening tests, and it is shown that the method outperforms the conventional GMM approach especially with very small training sets.


Abstract - Metabolites of Soyasaponin I, a major constituent of soybean, by human intestinal microflora were investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We found four peaks, one parental constituent and three metabolites: m/z 941 [M-H] − , m/z 795 [M-rha-H] − , m/z 441 [aglycone-H 2 O+H] + , and m/z 633 [M-rha-gal-H] − , which was an unknown metabolite, soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide. When soyasaponin I was incubated with the human fecal microbial fraction from ten individuals for 48 h, soyasaponin I was metabolized to soyasapogenol B via soyasaponin III and soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide or via soyasaponin III alone. Both soyasaponin I and its metabolite soyasapgenol B exhibited estrogenic activity. Soyasaponin I increased the proliferation, mRNA expression of c-fos and pS2, in MCF7 cells more potently than soyasapogenol B. However, soyasapogenol B showed potent cytotoxicity against A549, MCF7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, while soyasaponin I did not. The cytotoxicity of soyasapogenol B may prevent its estrogenic effect from increasing dose-dependently. These findings suggest that orally administered soyasaponin I may be metabolized to soyasapogenol B by intestinal microflora and that soyasapogenol B may express a cytotoxic effect rather than an estrogenic effect.Keywords: Soyasaponin I, Metabolism, Phytoestrogen, Cytotoxicity, Soyasapogenol B


The problem of aggregation processes in alignments is the subject of a paper published recently in a statistical physics journal. Two models are presented and discussed in that paper. First, the energy landscape model proposed by Robert Axelrod and D. Scott Bennett (this Journal, 23 (1993), 211–33) is analysed. The model is shown not to include most of its claimed results. Then a second model is presented to reformulate the problem correctly within statistical physics and to extend it beyond the initial Axelrod-Bennett analogy.


The article presents an assessment of ergonomic issues involved in the impact of constructional changes in the cabs of multioperational machines used on the level of workloads. It has been shown that effect of modernizing operators' working conditions facilitates daily activities and increases comfort at work. Cabin modifications include, among other things, the use of new joysticks, handles and key panels. Thanks to modern cabins and rotating armchairs, operators' work is safer and more ergonomic. Also important are external elements, such as ease of access to the cabin, elements that determine the stability of the machine and operator safety. The paper presents such fundamental differences in the development of the construction of multioperat-ing forest machines in Europe. Workload factors were also examined and methods of reducing these are proposed.


In this work the rheological behaviour and the microstructural evolution of alloy AA6063 submitted to two different processing routes were studied: cold deformation and partial fusion (SIMA process) and magneto hydrodynamic stirring during its solidification (MHD process). The microstructural evolution during the isothermal holding was studied to verify if the Ostwald ripening mechanisms, classic growth and coalescence, are applicable to alloys made by these processing routes. The rheological properties were evaluated using a compression rheometer with parallel plates and digital capture of position and time data. Compression tests were made in short cylinders extracted from ingots that showed: a dendritic microstructure typical of as cast material, a typical microstructure of cold deformed material and a microstructure of materials obtained by MHD process. It was found that a globular microstructure has a typical behaviour of a fluid when being formed in semisolid state, contrary to the behaviour of the as cast dendritic microstructure. In addition, the mechanisms that operate in the microstructural evolution during the isothermal holdings were verified, through metallographic analysis.


The objective of this chapter is to evaluate different methodologies for the optimal placement and innovative design of passive energy dissipation systems which are being used to reduce vibrations of civil engineering structures subject to earthquakes. For large civil engineering structures it is necessary to install a sufficient number of dampers to achieve a reduction of the building response and the performance of these dampers depends on their location in the structures. The selection of few locations out of a large number of locations for the placement of passive dampers is typically a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. This problem can be solved either by simple heuristic search approaches which can be easily integrated in conventional design procedures used by practicing engineers dealing with damper-added structures, and they yield a solution which may be close to the optimal solution, but computationally expensive. Three different heuristic search strategies will be used to optimize four objective functions and results will be compared for three different building typologies


The objected of this paper is to analyze the buckling mode and the calculate method of the ultimate strength of cold-formed thin-walled steel axially-compressed rectangular hollow sections. Compression tests were conducted on 32 short and intermediate length rectangular hollow sections with the thickness being less than 2 mm. Test results have been compared with the theoretical results calculated by GB50018—2002 Technical code of cold-formed thin-wall steel structures and analyzed by Finite Element Method using Abaqus for investigation on the suitable estimation method of load-carrying capacity. The results show that, the local buckling occur easily for these rectangular hollow sections because of the big width-to-thickness ratio for elements, the related provisions in GB50018—2002 Technical code of cold-formed thin-wall steel structures can be reliably used to estimate the load-carrying capacity of cold-formed thin-walled steel axiallycompressed rectangular hollow sections with the thickness being less than 2mm, Finite Element Method using ABAQUS can simulate well the buckling mode and load-carrying capacities of the cold-formed thinwalled rectangular hollow sections.


The invention concerns a method for making a semiconductor photodetector, in particular in the low-energy UV-X domain, and a photodetector obtained by said method. The invention is characterized in that it consists in making a photodetecting element (22) in photodetecting semiconductor material, said element being provided with electrodes (24, 26). After making the photodetecting element and without impairing the electrodes, it consists in removing a surface layer of the photodetecting semiconductor material to produce a new surface layer having the electrical properties of said material volume.


This special issue contains three interesting articles which provide some innovating teaching experiences across different East Asian societies. They have presented some salient educational issues across different societies in this East Asia, which can possibly provide some references for other societies when they embark on educational reforms. This collection of papers further upfront recent issues such as moral education, community participation for social cohesions, and using educational institutes to promote culture as soft power.


The transgenic rapeseed line W-4 is a genetically modified high oleic rapeseed( Brassica napus L.) transformed with a binary vector harbouring an inverted repeat expression cassette of the fad2 gene by agrobacterium-mediated transformation to the rapeseed variety Westar. Both the left and right flanking sequences to the T-DNA insertion site from the genomic DNA of W-4 were amplified by temperature asymmetric PCR. The flanking sequences to the right border was 290 bp in length and the nucleotide composition were 31. 27% for G+C content and 68. 73% for A+T content. The flanking sequence to the left border was 365 bp in length and the G+C content was 32. 6% and the A + T content was 67. 4%. These results indicated that the T-DNA was integrated in the A/T-rich region. Based on the flanking sequences and the left and right boundaries of the T-DNA sequences,the specific primes TLF/TLR and TRF/TRR were designed. Using the primes,the event-specific PCR detection methods for transgenic rapeseed W-4 lines was established. The expected sizes of 485 bp and 405 bp products could be amplified from the W-4 genomic DNA by the PCR,respectively,while no products could be amplified from the genomic DNA of other transgenic oilseed rapes and non-transgenic control and control. By the PCR,it was possible to detect the W-4 genomic DNA from a mixed sample of genomic DNA,and the detection sensibility was 0. 1%. The method developed in this study was highly specific,sensitive and suitable for event-specific detection of the transgenic line W-4.


Funding information University of Puget Sound; M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, Grant/Award Number: 2015293:MNL:2/25/2016 Abstract Questions: Large trees provide structural heterogeneity that may influence the distribution and diversity of epiphytes, yet this has not been fully examined in northern temperate rainforest trees. How does epiphyte diversity, percent cover and composition vary among trunk and branch zones within northern temperate rainforest trees? Are there steep gradients in environmental conditions or resources within northern temperate rainforest trees? To what degree do species show specialization to particular zones within northern temperate rainforest trees? Location: Temperate rainforest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, USA. Methods: We recorded epiphyte richness, percent cover, and composition in 78 plots from six tree zones (three trunk zones and three branch zones) in six large bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) trees. At each survey point, we measured temperature, relative humidity, canopy cover, moss depth, height in tree, and branch diameter to examine the degree of habitat specialization along measured environmental and resource gradients and the importance of structural heterogeneity for epiphyte species diversity in entire trees. Results: Rarefied epiphyte richness was 25% higher on the trunk than in the branches, and there was little overlap in species composition between trunk and branch zones. Species composition changed with height as well as decreasing canopy cover along the trunk. Within the branches, epiphyte composition was related to branch diameter and moss depth; while the inner and mid‐branch zone communities were similar, the outer branch community differed. Microclimate variables did not vary significantly among tree zones and were not related to epiphyte distributions. Conclusions: The structural heterogeneity of large A. macrophyllum trees created gradients in canopy cover and substrate characteristics that enabled up to 13 different epiphyte species to coexist. Thus, these trees are critical structures for the maintenance of forest diversity.


the purpose of this research is to know the level of students' self-directed learning at the second semester of English Study program of Islamic University of Indragiri. It is achieved by conducting a quantitative study. Questionnaire was distributed to 23 students to get the result of the research. The questionnaire was using Guttmann Scale. The result of this questionnaire revealed that students' self-directed learning in listening class relies on low level.


OBJECTIVE To realize the situation of nosocomial infection and usage of antibiotic in order to prevent and control nosocomial infection effectively. METHODS According to the request of countrywide nosocomial infection net,using the method of clinic investigation and case history investigation,we have investigated the infection complexion about all patients in 19 May 2006 and 24 May 2007,including the duration,transferring department and dead case.Then to analyze the comparison between two results. RESULTS 3489 cases were investigated,including 186 infection cases.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 5.33%.Five departments had the high prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.They were hematology department,ICU,pediatrics department,neonatal unit and cadre ward.The highest rate was 31.30%.The lowest was 0.The infection site focused on lower respiratory tract.The antibiotic utilizing rate was high. CONCLUSIONS Enhanceing the management of nosocomial infection in key departments,regulating the antibiotic utilizing,to reduce the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.


Introduction: The Hellas basin (~2000 km across, ~8.2 km deep) is the largest well-preserved impact structure on Mars [1,2] and has played a significant role in the geologic evolution of the surrounding region [211]. The rim of Hellas and the surrounding highlands have been modified by numerous processes that provide a record that spans most of the Martian time-scale. This investigation explores the geologic and hydrologic histories of the eastern rim of Hellas basin, where important spatial and temporal relationships between volcanic and volatile-driven processes are preserved (Figure 1). This region displays a unique confluence of ancient highland, volcanic (effusive and explosive), fluvial (channels and valles) and mass wasting features and deposits. This geologic mapping investigation examines the canyons of Dao and Niger Valles, the Tyrrhenus Mons lava flow field, the flanks of Hadriacus Mons, remnants of rugged highlands, extensive channelized plains, and geologically young volatile-rich mass wasting and mantling deposits. Data and Methods: We use ArcGIS to compile image, topographic, and spectral datasets in order to map geologic units and features in the study region, and will produce a 1:1M-scale geologic map of MTM quadrangles -35262, -35267 and -35272 (Figure 2). A THEMIS daytime thermal infrared (dTIR) brightness temperature mosaic (~100 m/pixel) is the primary mapping base. CTX images (~5 m/pixel) and THEMIS VIS (~18 m/pixel) multi-band images provide complementary spatial coverage and serve as context for high-resolution images. High-resolution HiRISE (<1 m/pixel) and MOC-NA (~1.5-12 m/pixel) images allow detailed analyses of mapped units and features. We use THEMIS dTIR images to distinguish between units with different thermophysical properties, and CRISM multispectral (~100-200 m/pixel) and hyperspectral (~18-36 m/pixel) data to identify the occurrence and distribution of primary minerals and their alteration products within geologic materials at the surface. Relative ages are determined by compiling crater sizefrequency distribution statistics and evaluating stratigraphic relationships (superposition, cross-cutting, and embayment). This map area shares its boundaries with five other mapped MTM quadrangles along the northeast/east Hellas rim (-30262 and -30267 [12] and -40262, -40267 and -40272 [10,13]). This effort will complete the geologic mapping of most of Hadriacus Mons and all of Dao and Niger Valles at 1M scale, providing a critical link to the previously mapped quadrangles. Figure 1. Regional map showing the 3-quad map area (white boxes; Figure 2) and major features; black arrows indicate flow direction through Dao, Niger, and Reull Valles.


3,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroquinazoline, obtained by catalytic reduction of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline, was slowly oxidised by air to the starting material in chloroform solution, but in aqueous alkali it was degraded to 2-formamidomethylcyclohexanone. trans-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydroquinazolin-4(1 - or 3-H)-one was shown to be a tautomeric mixture of the (1H)-one (20%) and (3H)-one (80%) in pH 9·2 aqueous buffer by comparing the u.v. spectrum with those of authentic 1- and 3-methyl derivatives. The preparations of cis- and trans-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinazoline hydrochlorides, 2-amino-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinazolin-4-ones, 2-amino-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinazoline salts, 2-oxo(1H) and 2-thio(1H)3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinazolines, 1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroquinazolin-4(3H)ones; cis-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroquinazolin-4(3H)one, cis-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-4,5-tetramethylene-1,3(6H)-oxazine and thiazine, and cis-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4,5-tetramethylene-1,3(6H)-oxazine are described. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of cis- and trans-octahydroquinazolines show spectral patterns for the 4,4a,5,6,7,8 and 8a-protons which are similar to those of cis- and trans-decahydroquinazolines respectively and are characteristic of the stereochemistry.


Optical fibres consisting of Al2O3-SiO2 and Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 cores have been fabricated by MCVD with a minimum attenuation of 0.7 dB/km at 1.6 μm. Both single-mode and multimode fibres were produced, the latter with a numerical aperture as high as 0.29. The tendency for Al2O3-SiO2 glasses produced by flame hydrolysis processes to devitrify during consolidation is diminished by MCVD processing, thus allowing higher Al2O3 doping and versatility with regard to the incorporation of other ions.


Configurative and morphological studies harness indicators to support conceptual and spatial frameworks specific to formal models of cities. However, the presence of new indicators, the scale of territories, and morphological methods are not only revising the praxis of configurative approaches; they collectively impact how and in what way the knowledge transfer occurs within educational settings. This paper explains how the contextual setting of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) as an urban agglomeration (UA) shifts the morphological framework in both its analytic tools and in its design premise. The paper covers the crossover to gamification (gameboarding) as a 'design and test' methodology providing a step-by-step account of rapid and succinct gameboarding phases for morphological studies. With close to 17 speculative models and three years of a collaborative studio, conclusions are drawn on the value of hybridizing morphological education with gamification, challenging uniform planning practices for future development within complex ecosystems.


Dear Editor, Studies published in the Journal of Diabetes and elsewhere demonstrate the increased likelihood of new-onset diabetes (NOD) during the acute phase or shortly after recovering from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19). Findings from these studies are supported by a recent Mendelian randomization analysis establishing a causal link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and NOD. Emerging evidence shows that NOD is also observed in the post-acute COVID-19 phase, the so-called long COVID. In a retrospective cohort study of 47 780 discharged COVID-19 patients (mean age 65 years) in England, the rate of NOD was 29 (95% CI, 26-32) per 1000 person-years over a mean follow-up of 4.6 months. In another retrospective cohort study of three data sources from a large United States health plan, among 193 113 COVID-19 patients aged ≤65 years, NOD was the sixth most common post-acute clinical sequelae over a median follow-up of 2.9 months. Possible mechanisms explaining the occurrence of NOD with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the acute phase are cytolytic effects of the virus on pancreatic β-cells, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal axes causing an increase in counterregulatory hormones, activation of the renin-angiotensin system resulting in unopposed deleterious actions of angiotensin II, and enhanced autoimmunity. However, it is yet to be determined whether these mechanisms persist in the post-acute phase for the development of NOD in long COVID. It is essential to screen COVID-19 patients for NOD during acute illness and after recovery for several reasons. Globally, 50% of adults remain undiagnosed, and this figure reaches up to 60% in some lowand middleincome countries. Therefore, some of the NOD in hospitalized COVID-19 patients could reflect previously undiagnosed diabetes discovered incidentally by increased testing. Secondly, acute infections can cause stress hyperglycemia, which may resolve once the infection and the coexistent inflammation subside. Further, COVID-19 patients are increasingly being treated with glucocorticoids that are known to induce hyperglycemia. As with stress hyperglycemia, blood glucose levels may return to the pre-illness stage after stopping steroids. Finally, autoantibodies against pancreatic β-cells triggered by respiratory viral infections usually develop over several months or years to cause type 1 diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic has now persisted for over a year, and researchers across the globe are studying its long-term effects. It is now high time to consider NOD as a metabolic clinical sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand the role of COVID-19 in driving the diabetes pandemic.


Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of the global economy and the rapid advancement of science and technology, real-time monitoring of human behavior through video surveillance has become a common security measure. However, most of them have a series of problems such as fast calculation speed, low recognition accuracy and delay. In this paper, the moving target detection is performed on the video sequence frame, and the moving target is tracked and analyzed. Through the related algorithms to complete the recognition of the behavior of the target human body and the determination of normal and abnormal behavior, it has broad application prospects in the future.


Environmental problems such as pollution, climate change and scarce material resources are a currently global issue in this 21st century. Recognizing this, policies have been launched Green Technology under the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) to strengthen the use of green technology in Malaysia. This research is undertaken in purpose to determine whether the application of green technology can have an impact on public acceptance in Malacca City State. In addition, this study aimed to identify factors influencing the use of green technology. The respondents were randomly selected from people who lived in Malacca based on the calculation of respondent's selection. Data were collected using structured questionnaire adopted from UTAUT Model and were analyzed using computerized statistical tools, known as SPSS. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Besides that, this research investigates the relationship between the performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, facilitating conditions and behavioral intention to use behavior. The end of the study, the users' intention to use green technology would incredibly improve productivity and quality use of green technology. The use of green technology is to allow this transformation and the key determinant of the success or failure of for development Malacca as Green City State.


We fix a null-homologous, homotopically essential knot $J$ in a 3-manifold with PTFA fundamental group and study concordance of knots that are homotopic to $J$. We construct an infinite family of knots that are characteristic to $J$, and then use $L^2$-methods to show that they are not concordant to $J$.


The civil engineering community is becoming increasingly interested in monitoring structural behavior of civil infrastructure and in evaluation of the structural performance. The demand has largely been driven by deficiencies in structural performance due to the aging of the infrastructure, excessive loading, and natural disasters such as an earthquake, a landslide, a typhoon and a tsunami. In this study, a structural health monitoring methodology using acceleration responses is proposed for damage detection of a three-story prototype building structure during shaking table testing. A damage index is developed using the acceleration data and applied to outlier analysis, one of unsupervised learning based pattern recognition methods. A threshold value for the outlier analysis is determined based on confidence level of the probabilistic distribution of the acceleration data. The probabilistic distribution is selected according to the feature of the collected data.


The mechanical response of backfill in narrow openings is significantly influenced by its interaction with the surrounding walls. Previous work conducted on backfilled trenches and mining stopes indicates that the theory of arch- ing can be used to estimate earth pressures in narrow, vertical backfilled openings. In this paper, a 3D analytical solu- tion is proposed to evaluate the state of stress along the boundaries of the openings. The proposed solution, based on a generalized version of the Marston approach, is compared with numerical modeling and laboratory experimental results taken from the literature. A discussion follows on some particular features and limitations of the analytical solutions.


In machine learning it is common to interpret each data point as a vector in Euclidean space. However the data may actually be functional i.e.\ each data point is a function of some variable such as time and the function is discretely sampled. The naive treatment of functional data as traditional multivariate data can lead to poor performance since the algorithms are ignoring the correlation in the curvature of each function. In this paper we propose a method to analyse subspace structure of the functional data by using the state of the art Low-Rank Representation (LRR). Experimental evaluation on synthetic and real data reveals that this method massively outperforms conventional LRR in tasks concerning functional data.


Transplantation of allogeneic pancreatic donor islets has successfully been performed in selected patients with difficult-to-control insulin-dependent diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). However, the required systemic immunosuppression associated with this procedure prevents this cell replacement therapy from more widespread adoption in larger patient populations. We report the editing of primary human islet cells to the hypoimmune HLA class I– and class II–negative and CD47-overexpressing phenotype and their reaggregation into human HIP pseudoislets (p-islets). Human HIP p-islets were shown to survive, engraft, and ameliorate diabetes in immunocompetent, allogeneic, diabetic humanized mice. HIP p-islet cells were further shown to avoid autoimmune killing in autologous, diabetic humanized autoimmune mice. The survival and endocrine function of HIP p-islet cells were not impaired by contamination of unedited or partially edited cells within the p-islets. HIP p-islet cells were eliminated quickly and reliably in this model using a CD47-targeting antibody, thus providing a safety strategy in case HIP cells exert toxicity in a future clinical setting. Transplantation of human HIP p-islets for which no immunosuppression is required has the potential to lead to wider adoption of this therapy and help more diabetes patients with IAH and history of severe hypoglycemic events to achieve insulin independence. Description Human primary pancreatic islets engineered to be hypoimmune normalize glucose in diabetic humanized mice while escaping allo- and autoimmunity. Islets engineered to evade immunity The need for immunosuppressive drugs is one major roadblock to using pancreatic islet transplantation to treat diabetes. Hu et al. used CRISPR to knock out the genes encoding class I and II MHC and overexpress CD47 in primary human pancreatic islet cells, making them immune-evasive. The hypoimmune cells were reaggregated into pseudoislets and transplanted into diabetic humanized mice. The grafted cells escaped immune-mediated killing and were able to control blood glucose without immunosuppressants. The authors also showed that an anti-CD47 antibody could function as a safety switch in the grafted mice to eliminate the transplanted cells if needed. —CAC


I applied f3-glucuronidase (3-G) inhibitor in urine, 2, 5-di-o-acetyl, D-glucaro (1-4) (6-3) dilactone (SLA), which was produced on Boyland's hypothesis, for the purpose of preventing recurrence after operation of bladder tumor. Comparing the group of forty-four cases given SLA in low grade and low stage with another group of fifty-two cases not given SLA, I examined the rate of recurrence by analyzing the various factors, the fluctuation of 13-G activity and the amount of glucaric acid in urine by using SLA in bladder tumor patients before and after operation: I also examined the relationships between 3-G activity and o-glucuronide. 1) -G activity in urine of bladder tumor patients showed higher numerical value than that of the normal control. 2) 3-G activity in urine was remarkably decreased by applying SLA, and was fully checked for a three year's duration. 3) No difference was seen about the amount of excretion of glucaric acid in urine between bladder tumor patients and normal controls. 4) By applying SLA, the amount of exretion of glucaric acid in urine was remarkably increased, amounting to about 150mg/day and no difference was seen during the period of the application of SLA. 5) The amount of excretion of loaded Salicylamide-o-glucuronide tended to be larger at high 3-G activity than low 3-G activity in urine. 6) By administration of SLA, the recurrence rate of bladder tumor more than two years after the operation was significantly lower than in the non-SLA group. However, the recurrence rate soon after the operation showed no difference. 7) The most striking effect by administration of SLA was recognized in single, peduncurated and small sized tumors. 8) Some effect of preventing the recurrence soon after the operation by instillating anti-cancer drugs into the bladder was recognized.


PURPOSE: A tunneling machine equipped with a laser nozzle is provided to minimize damage of a cutter head caused face to face with piles, reinforcing bars and bed rocks by a camera recognizing the exact location of obstacles and a breaker wrecking or cutting them, therefore to extend lifetime against a long-distance running, moreover to promote safe working conditions. CONSTITUTION: The tunneling machine equipped with a laser nozzle contains; a cutter head(300) provided with openings(320) and numbers of bits(310); a manipulator(420) provided with an arm(440) allowable to revolve and move by an arm motor, also helping a first hydraulic cylinder(430) horizontally move along a guide rail(410); a second hydraulic cylinder adjusting slight movement of the arm; a third hydraulic cylinder opening a door; a front body(100) provided with a camera(450), a laser nozzle breaking or cutting obstacles, an air pump drying and removing all the pollutants sticking on obstacles by high air pressure; a refrigerant nozzle spraying liquid refrigerant for the complete break of obstacles sufficiently heated by laser beam; a couple of steering jacks; a tail body(200) comprising a motor(210) and a reduction gear box(220) necessary to run the cutter head.


Abstract : Acoustic propagation in shallow water depends among others on the composition of the sea bottom. It is very desirable for the navy to use passive acoustic methods instead of active, to acquire knowledge about this composition. The intention of the Matched Field Inversion - Rapid Environmental Assessment project is to use ambient noise received on a vertical array for this bottom classification. To exploit the limited information content of ambient noise, a well chosen geoacoustic model is required, together with an efficient optimisation algorithm and an educated interpretation of the inversion results. This combination of knowledge has resulted in several articles, which are summarised in this report.


Objective:To analyze the epidemic status of soil-transmitted nematode in Jiangjin District with the purpose of providing scientific basis for making measurements for prevention and treatment.Methods:5 settlements of different life styles and farming methods were extracted from 4 towns separately located in east,west,north,and south by convenience sampling approach with Xianfeng Town as the center.500 samples were taken from every settlement,and the samples were tested in accordance with national soil-transmitted nematodes test program.Results:2645 people from 5 settlements were tested in the way of pathologic examination.Only roundworm and hookworm were found while whipworm was not.The highest hookworm infection rate was up to 9.57%,and the roundworm infection rate was only 0.77%.Soil-transmitted nematode infection rate was 10.1%.Rural areas had a higher infection rate than urban and the vegetable base had the highest.Conclusion:Infection rate of rural communities is higher than urban residents,with vegetable base the highest infection rate.Common intestinal parasite infection rate declines.The population of older age,with low education level,and engaged in agricultural production are still the key group of soil-transmitted nematode infection.


SUMMARYA critical review of the recent literature on radiology further confirms the theoretical concept of the « action zone » (CASATI 1929) in the physical, energetic, chemical and histological fields: all of the authors clearly affirm the necessity of establishing the « distribution » and the « spacial localization » of elementary physical events, of active energy and of the chemical products formed.Thus the « track » of the ionizing particles assumes a particular importance of its own as the « seat » of primary physical events and, according to ZIRKLE the sum of all tracks corresponds to the total volume of the tracks formed; thus the corresponding secondary events are considered as being the cause of those effects which are « locally » derived; so, too, the ionizations are localized on the track of the primary particles and the surrounding excitations.The same concept by TEL considers the dissipated energy in all the tracks of the various particles and studies their distribution for « unity of length ...


The Western Ghats in India's Deccan Plateau has been recognized as one of the eight "hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity in the world. UNESCO has identified this region as a World Heritage Site. In Maharashtra, this mountain range is known as 'Sahyadri', 'Dang forests' in Gujarat, 'Nilgiris' in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and 'Malnad' in Karnataka. It stretches across the six Indian states of Gujrat, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and two union territories including Daman and Diu and Pondicherry. These hills begin near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and end at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India, covering an incredible 1,60,000 sq.km. In the 18th and 19th centuries, most of the people who classified the flora of these regions are hobbyists. Very few British Officers who conduct survey of this landscape release their books. A complete scientific study of this biodiversity hot-spot is yet to be undertaken. Until now, only a handful of scientists have undertaken a study of the Western Ghats. So, this present article expains a brief scientific study of the forests of the Western Ghats.


INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a communicable disease caused by novel coronavirus.

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess self-reported frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Poland.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 17 and 18, 2020, among 4,516 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Poland. The questionnaire included eight questions related to the health status, symptoms of COVID-19, comorbidities, and smoking status.

RESULTS
Completed questionnaires were obtained from 1,942 patients with COVID-19, a response rate of 43%. The median age of the respondents was 50 years; 60.2% were women. Among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 21.3% had hypertension, 4.5% had diabetes, and 3.1% of COVID-19 cases had chronic respiratory disease. Regular tobacco use was declared by 11.2% of patients with COVID-19. At least one gastrointestinal symptom was reported by 53.6% of patients. Almost half of patients (47%) with COVID-19 reported lack of appetite and 24.2% reported diarrhea. Among 1,942 interviewed patients, 54.2% reported at least one olfactory or taste disorder and 42.5% reported both alterations. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders were 49.2% and 47.5%, respectively. Self-reported frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders during COVID-19 course was significantly higher (p<0.001) among women than men.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that olfactory and taste disorders are frequent symptoms in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. Moreover, our study indicates gender differences in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and olfactory or taste disorders among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19.


Gas holdup measurements in cold gassed, hot sparged and boiling systems using different agitators with multiple modern hollow blade and up-pumping wide-blade hydrofoil impellers are reported. In a cold gassed system with given gas flow rates and power input, the different multiple impeller configurations generate very similar gas holdup. The gas holdup in a hot sparged system, between 70°C and 90°C, is only about half that in a cold system with the same total gas flow rate and power input. Moreover, at the higher temperatures there are unexpected and very significant differences between the gas holdup achieved by the different agitators. With most vapour generation occurring near the liquid surface, the vapour holdup in an unsparged boiling system is much lower than that for either cold gassed or hot sparged systems with similar total gas flow rate and power input. These results are of particular relevance to the design and operation of reactors with hot sparging or boiling liquids.


[%metadata%] IGFA In Good Faith & Associates - a pox for clergy abuse survivors News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


Current situation of vocabulary teaching The importance of vocabulary in learning a second or foreign language has been widely acknowledged and the findings of a sea of research studies have convinced us to regard vocabulary knowledge as a predictor of verbal knowledge and reading comprehension (Sternberg,1987).For most of us,this means the more vocabulary learners acquire,the more communicative they are.


The disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonosis, that affects not only humans, but also horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus africanus
asinus), large and small ruminants (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra aegagrus hircus), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), cats (Felis catus), non-human primates
(Macaca mulatta, Papio spp), birds (Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula, Fringilla coelebs), wild hogs (Sus scrofa) and lamas (Lama glama). National laboratories, the diagnosis of A. phagocytophilum is performed by examining stained buffy coat smears with light microscopy to detect initial bodies and/or intracitoplasmic morulas within neutrophils and eosinophils. This test is simple to perform, but it has limited sensitivity and specificity. Equine anaplasmosis has not been adequately diagnosed and characterized in Venezuela, so little is known about its epidemiology, its prevalence, the diversity and
pathogenicity of Venezuelan strains, their geographic distribution or the most common vectors. The objective of the study was to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen for the presence of A. phagocytophilum in Venezuelan equine populations. The species-specific PCR test used primers would amplify a 550 bp fragment of the gene encoding the P44 surface protein. Surprisingly, neither the PCR test nor the buffy coat smears detected the presence of A. phagocytophilum in any of the two hundred blood samples from horses with no apparent signs of disease sampled from different geographic regions of Venezuela.
Possible reasons for the failure to detect A. phagocytophilum include, the sampling did not comprise endemic areas associated with subclinical forms of the disease; excess of gDNA from the host buffy coat may have interfered with the amplification of the target of interest; and epizootiological conditions that
did not favour disease occurrence, including unsuitable habitat patches, absence of vectors and reservoirs, and/or lack of an adequate host-reservoir
interaction in the explored areas.


This article explains how institutional rules change after they have been established in two important areas of European decision‐making: co‐decision and comitology. It shows how legislation under co‐decision was transformed into fast‐track legislation and why the Parliament gradually – between treaty reforms – gained more institutional power in comitology. The rational choice institutionalist explanation applied here focuses on the efficiency increasing/transaction cost saving aspects of interstitial institutional change, but also on the question of who gains and who loses in power under specific rules and how power may subsequently be shifted. The hypotheses derived from the theoretical considerations are subject to empirical (dis)confirmation on the basis of quantitative and qualitative empirical data collected on co‐decision and delegation over time. The conclusion summarizes the argument and explores the applicability of the explanations to two other polities of regional integration: North Atlantic Free Trade Association (Nafta) and Mercosur (the Common Southern Market).


The search for models of an algebra is an important and demanding aspect of automated reasoning. Typically, a model is represented in the form of a matrix or a set of matrices. When a model is found that satisfies all the given theorems of an algebra, it is called a solution model. This paper considers algebras that can be represented by using a single operation, by way of the Sheffer stroke. The characteristic of needing only one operation to represent an algebra reduces the problem by requiring a search through all instances of a single matrix. This search is simple when the domain size is small, say 2, but for a larger domain size, say 10, the search space increases dramatically. Clearly, a method other than a brute-force, global search is desirable. Most modern model-finding programs use a global search; instead of checking every possible matrix, however a set of heuristics is used that allows the search space to be dramatically smaller and thus increases the likelihood of reaching a solution. An alternative approach is local search. This paper discusses several local search strategies that were applied to the problem of equational satisfiability.


China has been the chief beneficiary of the U.N.'s Clean Development Mechanism, or CDM, under which rich countries can invest in carbon-abatement projects in poor countries and get carbon credits that can be traded. But China has been accused by critics of gaming the system and the U.N. CDM board earlier this month said that China deliberately set electricity tariffs so that the 10 wind farms, with a combined investment of some six billion yuan (about $879 million), couldn't be profitable without the subsidies. The rejection of the 10 projects has sparked an unusually public response for China's biggest wind power developers, who banded together to issue a public letter Monday protesting the U.N. decision. The Chinese government and companies called the U.N.'s decision-making process arbitrary, opaque and unfair. "If you reject wind power, what else is there?" said Sun Cuihua, an official at the National Reform and Development Commission which oversees CDM projects in China. "They say that we made up the electricity prices; that is an irresponsible thing to say," Ms. Sun told reporters. The rejection "is sending a strongly wrong signal which will seriously damage the enthusiasm and confidence of investors to continue their investment in wind power industry," said a statement by nine companies including the wind power units of some of China's biggest state-owned companies including such as utility China Datang Corp., and coal miner Shenhua Group Corp. The companies said Monday they planned to present their letter at the climate-change summit in Copenhagen. The fight over a handful of projects illustrates the much bigger battle being waged in Copenhagen over how and who will pay for reducing global warming and which countries will benefit from the developments of new technologies. The spat has called into question the legitimacy of the entire U.N. process created as a way to help poor countries pay for the costly upgrades needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In theory, the credits are a way for rich countries to meet their domestic greenhouse gas commitment by paying for a carbon abatement project in a poor country


A real-time temperature monitoring system of lead acid battery is introduced based on the ultra-low power consumption microcomputer MSP430F1121PW.The system uses surface mount type Pt1000 to monitor the temperature of battery's shell,and adopts bridge circuit as translation circuit,a wireless data communication module based on nRF24L01 is designed to realize remote transmission of detecting results,a two-level power management unit based on TLV70433 and TPS76933 is also designed to match the low consumption supply of battery.And analyzes show it has higher precision and lower consumption compare to the traditional detecting ways.


This letter presents a two-dimensional near-field synthetic spectrum imaging algorithm based on a single-frequency sparse multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) array. By using an especially defined backward spreading function, the proposed algorithm migrates the scattered wave field under different illuminations. A synthetic spectrum can be obtained by synthesizing the spectrums of these migration results and then interpreted to the final reconstruction. The migration processing enables the algorithm to adapt to arbitrary apertures. Meanwhile, the influences of the limited aperture, the spreading loss, and the wavefront curvature in the near field are considered and compensated. High processing speed is achieved by using a large interpixel spacing during the migration processing and by the fast Fourier transform in the frequency-wavenumber (f-w) domain. Simulations and experiments are carried out, and the results demonstrate both the high-computational efficiency and the high flexibility for arbitrary sparse MIMO array apertures.


mutagenesis toalter serine orthreonine residues toalanine ateachN-CHOaddition site. Studies withmonoclonal antibodies showed that a mutantprotein lacking allthree sites (nowdesignated AAA)was structurally altered because ofthe aminoacidchange atresidue 96aswell astheabsence oftheN-CHO.Inthis study, we constructed additional single mutations atsite 1(residues 94and96)andfoundthatinmostcases,theaminoacidchangeitself adversely affected theconformation ofgD.However, changing asparagine 94toglutamine (Q)atsite 1hadthe least effect on gD.We constructed a second triple mutant,QAA,whichlacked allthree N-CHOsignals. The antigenic conformation ofQAA was similar tothatofgDproduced inthepresenceoftunicamycin (TM-gD). However, binding ofMAbstotheAAA protein ortosingle mutantsaltered atsite 1was reduced compared with TM-gD.Wild-type gDandQAA proteins were equally susceptible todigestion bytrypsin or Staphylococcus aureusV8protease. Incontrast, theAAA protein was more sensitive totrypsin butless sensitive toV8,again suggesting conformational alterations oftheAAA protein. Despite whatappeared tobelarge changes in structure, eachmutantcomplemented theinfectivity ofa virus lacking gD(F-gD,I). We conclude thatthe N-CHOandaminoacids atN-CHOsite 1play an important role informing and/or maintaining gDstructure, butnone oftheN-CHOarerequired forgDtofunction inthecomplementation assay.


Objective
To explore the clinical teaching effects of virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL teaching method in pediatric nursing teaching.

Methods
A total of 60 intership nurses in pediatric department from May to December 2015 were analyzed and they were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Nurses in the control group were taught by conventional pediatric nursing method, while the experimental group nurses by the method of virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL teaching method. After the teaching, evaluation and self-evaluation of the theory and health education abilities between the two groups were compared.

Results
The scores of theoretical achievement, psychological experience and social experience in experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05); the scores of learning motivation, abilities of autonomous learning, negative pressure, communication and the ability of winning patients′ trust in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Using the virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL teaching method in pediatric nursing teaching can improve the intership nurses′ learning motivation and autonomous learning ability, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Pediatric nursing; Virtual scenario simulation; PBL; Conventional teaching; Teaching effect


Cognition is a major subject to be addressed nowadays due to the increasing number of cognitively affected people in most societies. Because of a lack of pharmaceutical therapies treating cognitive decline, its indicators should be diagnosed before it becomes prevalent. Scientific evidence indicates a relationship between cognition and the nervous system, especially its autonomic part. Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system functioning has been studied as a biological marker for the evaluation of cognitive performance. Therefore, HRV is a possible indicator of cognitive impairment. The aim was to provide a systematic literature review about the association between resting HRV and the cognitive performance. Five cognitive functions were analysed separately: executive functions, memory and learning, language abilities, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Furthermore, the global cognitive function evaluated with cognitive test batteries was considered too. An electronic database search was conducted with five databases. Three search fields comprised HRV, cognitive performance, and adult subjects. The final dataset consisted of 27 articles. Significant correlations in each cognitive function were found, except for processing speed, suggesting a positive association between resting HRV and cognitive performance. Mechanisms underlying this association between cardiovascular health and cognition are discussed. For the future, HRV could be used in diagnostics as an indicator of cognitive impairment before symptoms of dementia get apparent. With a timely diagnosis, preventative tools could be initiated at an early stage of dementia.


Key words: Context of Situation, field, tenor, mood. This paper is about Context of Situation in 911's Lyric "All I Want Is you". The goal of the paper is to analyze and describe context of situation of  911's "All I Want Is you" Lyric. There are twenty eight (28) major clauses and 7 minor clauses  found in 911's Lyric "All I Want Is you". The field of the discourse created in 911's song lyric "All I Want Is You" comprises,  experiential domain that is largely concerned with his action to prove his love. The short term goal is unfolding the singer's feeling. The long term goal is the singer wants creating intimate relationship with the girl. The tenor of the discourse created in 911's song lyric "All I Want Is You"  comprises, the agentive or social role  hold by  the singer of the song, the girl that he loves. The status of the singer and addresser is unequal. The social distance between the singer and the girl is minimal. The mode of the discourse created in 911's song lyric "All I Want Is You" comprises is that  the role of the language is constitutive. The type of interaction is monologue. The medium is written to be spoken. The channel is orthographic, and the rhetorical trust is descriptive, because the lyric describes the love feeling of the singer.


e16144 Background: Regorafenib is a guideline-recommended second-line systemic drug, and its combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of advanced liver cancer after first-line therapy has been gradually recognized by clinicians. We investigated the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with regorafenib with or without anti-PD-1 immunotherapy as a second line choice for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: In this retrospective study, we retrieved patients with advanced liver cancer who had failed first-line therapy in our center from January 2019 to December 2021, and screened out patients who received TACE combined with regorafenib as second-line therapy. The data of objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse reactions (ARs) of treatment in these patients were analyzed and summarized. Subgroup analysis of patients with and without PD-1 inhibitors was also performed. Results: A total of 43 eligible patients were screened and treated with TACE in combination with regorafenib in second-line therapy, including 29 patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors. In all patients, one patient had complete response (CR) and 11 patients had partial response (PR), with ORR of 27.91% (12/43) and 24 patients had stable disease (SD), with disease control rate (DCR) of 83.72% (36/43). The median PFS was 10.0 months for all patients in survival follow-up, with PFS rates of 77.65% and 37.17% at 6 and 12 months follow-ups, respectively. Overall survival (OS) rates were 90.49%, 67.03%, and 58.65% at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. In subgroup analysis, there was no statistical difference in median PFS between the groups with or without PD-1 inhibitors (11.0 months vs 8.0 months, p=0.229), but there was a trend toward survival benefit in the combined group (hazard ratio/HR 0.62). The incidence of treatment-related ARs in all treated patients was 81.40% (35/43), all grade 1-2. Among ARs, hand-foot syndrome (27.91%), loss of appetite (20.93%), and elevated transaminases (16.28%) were predominant. Conclusions: This study verified the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with regorafenib as second-line therapy for the treatment of advanced HCC after failure of first-line therapy, and the results need to be further justified in future prospective studies with larger sample sizes. [Table: see text]


Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following for supporting our research into anger and for their recognition of the importance of evaluation: The Department for Correctional Services, SA, the Department of Justice, WA, the Criminology Research Council and many corrections managers, staff and program participants. The 1990s and early 2000s have witnessed a renaissance of interest in the rehabilitation of offenders in many criminal justice systems throughout the world. The causes of this reawakening of interest are many, but include the increasing evidence that rehabilitation programs have a significant impact on rates of recidivism (Hollin, 1999. 2001). As this evidence has accumulated, the notion that "nothing works" in offender rehabilitation has slowly given way to an emphasis on identifying the characteristics of programs that are likely to be effective and, conversely, the characteristics of those that are likely to have no effect or even an adverse effect on rehabilitation rates (Andrews & In recent years, correctional administrations have increasingly identified violent offenders as a key target group for rehabilitation programs. The reasons for this are clear: 1. Violent crime is a source of great social concern in Australia. Whilst there is limited evidence to suggest that violent crime is increasing (Indermaur, 1999), the numbers of offenders imprisoned for violent offences has risen over the past few years. Whilst it has been established that violent offences are not necessarily angry offences it has been argued that poor anger control often plays a role in violent offending and can be considered a criminogenic need for many violent offenders anger can be used as a risk factor for the prediction of violence. As a group, offenders commonly experience difficulties with anger. On average, prison inmates score substantially higher on measures of anger arousal and expression than other populations (Spielberger, 1991), with violent offenders scoring higher than non-violent offenders (Mills, Kroner and Forth, 1998). 2. Treatment programs developed in clinical settings have been shown to be applicable to criminal justice settings. The experience and expression of anger has been studied in a wide range of clinical and non-clinical populations, including students, community residents, health-care clients, psychiatric/residential patients and adolescents in residential settings. Cognitive-behavioural anger management programs have been developed for use with many of these populations and initial research suggests that they are effective in reducing problems with anger expression (Beck & Fernandez, 1998). There is reason to believe that similar cognitive-behavioural programs …


This study uses congressional district data to explore the relationship between electoral constituencies and legislative behavior. We demonstrate a relationship between conditional party government (CPG) and the fit between members' party affiliation and their districts. This suggests that CPG may be partly driven by members' response to district preferences. As majority party members' districts become increasingly supportive of their party, members may support the delegation of power to their party leadership in order to move outcomes away from the chamber median.


Analysed that Taining County urban green exists the following main issues:poor management and protection measures,lack of scientific green,a great transformation of the task,the green of unit is not good enough.In order to solve the above existence subject matter.This thesis proposed corresponds the measures and suggestions:to carry out publicity and education and enhance their green consciousness;strengthen the management of green,to consolidate the fruits of afforestation;accelerate the transformation of green;relying on scientific and technological progress to improve the level of green;building ecology landscape,to improve the quality of viewing.


Kolda, T. G., and Bader, B. W. (2009), "Tensor Decompositions and Applications," SIAM Review, 51, 455–500. [1409] Levy, O., and Goldberg, Y. (2014), "Neural Word Embedding as Implicit Matrix Factorization," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2177–2185. [1409] Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G., and Dean, J. (2013), "Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and Their Compositionality," in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3111–3119. [1409] Mimno, D., and Blei, D. (2011), "Bayesian Checking for Topic Models," in EmpiricalMethods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 227–237. [1409] Ramage, D., Hall, D., Nallapati, R., andManning, C. (2009), "Labeled LDA: A Supervised Topic Model for Credit Attribution in Multi-Labeled Corpora," in Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 248–256. [1409] Schein, A., Paisley, J., Blei, D., and Wallach, H. (2015), "Bayesian Poisson Tensor Factorization for Inferring Multilateral Relations From Sparse Dyadic Event Counts," in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 1045–1054. [1408] Wang, C., Blei, D., and Li, F. (2009), "Simultaneous Image Classification and Annotation," in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1903– 1910. [1409] Zhou,M., andCarin, L. (2015), "Negative Binomial ProcessCount andMixture Modeling," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 37, 307–320. [1408,1409]


The increasing importance of independence from oil revenue due to fluctuations and volatility of oil prices and global demand for oil which greatly affects the revenues of the country, has led to appear the role of non-oil exports beyond the means of foreign exchange earning so that many of researches' consideration has shifted to the current state of non-oil exports. In this connection, present study investigates the role of agricultural, industrial and mineral exports as well as total non-exports from some aspects during four development plans in Iran's economy. Result found indicates that industrial exports in total non-oil exports has worst and best situation in the first and fourth plan respectively. Also, non-oil exports out of total exports experienced the most successful and unsuccessful status in the fourth and first development plan respectively.


This study analyzed how Top Management Ethical Leadership influence Organization Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). We proposed that Ethical leadership affects OCB by promoting an ethical climate and Trust in organizations. Then these factors give rise to Procedural Justice Climate and Distributive Justice, which then results in OCB. This theoretical framework was empirically tested by gathering data of 210 employees working in various sectors operative in Pakistan by means of closed-ended Likert scale type questionnaires. Numerous statistical techniques, for instance, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were utilized for analysis of the results. As proposed in our theory, the results indicated a positive impact of Top Management Ethical Leadership on Ethical Climate & Trust in Organization. Moreover, a significant positive impact of trust on both Procedural Justice Climate & Distributive Justice. Furthermore, both of these fully mediates the effects of top management ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. From a different angle, the impact of the ethical climate on the Procedural Justice Climate is significantly positive. However, the relationship between ethical climate and Distributive Justice was found to be insignificant. Hence, this study provides a plausible theoretical account as well as empirical validation of a mechanism through which top management ethical leadership enhances OCB. Therefore, managers in an organization can rise Firm-level OCB by enhancing the overall environment of the corporation and participatory factors in an ethical manner.


Maintaining the security of communication is very crucial nowadays. It is important in cryptographic security to have strong keys and is secretive. Random number generators are used to combat this problem by producing different and unique identification for each user in a network. Memristors has been studied as a potential tool in hardware security because of its energy efficiency and the nanotechnology fabrication process variations is more unique and random than the traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. This paper analyzes a memristor based ring oscillator random number generator design and how the relationship between the frequency and resistor or memristor affects the randomness of the generator and the implementations of this device in security application. It was concluded that as the resistor values increases, frequency of the signal decreases and Vout will also increased.


Physician Humanism in CanMEDS 2025 Humanisme des médecins dans CanMEDS 2025 Heather M Waters,1 Anna Oswald,2,3 Evelyn Constantin,4 Brent Thoma,5 J Damon Dagnone6 1Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada; 3Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ontario, Canada; 4Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; 5University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada; 6Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada Correspondence to: Heather M Waters, Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University; email: email@example.com Published ahead of issue: Oct 18, 2022; published: Mar 21, 2023. CMEJ 2023, 14(1) Available at https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.75536 © 2023 Waters, Oswald, Constantin, Thoma, Dagnone; licensee Synergies Partners. This is an Open Journal Systems article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is cited.


Two new chiral liquid crystals of schiff-base type have been synthesized. This series of compounds contain a-chloro acidic ester chain prepared from commercially available L-valine. Both of the compounds exhibit tilted smectic phases; their phase transitions were studied using DSC and polarized optical microscopy; the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on the phase behavior was studied as well.


A heterobimetallic strategy (magnesiation followed by lithiation) enables the crystallization of the first alkali or alkaline earth metal derivative of a diazasulfate. An Li4O4 ladder is the centra...


Maybe human aesthetics developed from animal aesthetics. I am not, of course, suggesting that sophisticated aesthetics as practiced by humans already exists among animals. Yet the aesthetic attitude as such might have originated in the animal kingdom. Drawing on this animal resource, human aesthetics might have evolved and, when cultural evolution emerged, it had reached results very different from animal aesthetics. With this perspective in mind, I show that the evolutionary aesthetics, as commonly pursued today, falls prey to serious shortcomings.


The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of the habit,finger sucking at pre school children in Bitola. observational cross-sectional study conducted and 1607 children from 3 to 5 years old were included. The following methods were applied: psychological testing (Test of Chuturik), clinical pediatric examination, interview with the parents and survey Child Behavior Checklist-Achenbach, 1981. The results shows that the prevalence of the habit finger sucking at the examinees was 24.77%. The statistical analyses has shown that this habit is significantly more often met at 3 year old children, who live in rural area, who do not have their own room at home,ones who live in larger families, ones that do not use computer and ones who watch television many hours during the day (p<0.01). Children whose parents have lower education degree, work in the agriculture and have lower incomes in the family, significantly more often demonstrate this habit (p<0.01 andp<0.05). in conclusions we can say that Finger sucking has a high prevalence at pre school children in Bitola. Paediatricians and children's dentists should work together at prevention,early diagnosis and treatment of this habit in cooperation with other specialists, the child and parents.


This study examined whether 4-month-olds (N = 40) could perceptually categorize happy and angry faces, and show appropriate behavior in response to these faces. During the habituation phase, infants were shown the same type of facial expressions (happy or angry) posed by three models, and their behavior in response to those faces was observed. During the test phase immediately after the habituation phase, infants saw a novel emotional expression and a familiar expression posed by a new model, and their looking times were measured. The results indicated that, although 4-month-olds could perceptually categorize happy and angry faces accurately, they responded positively to both expression types. These findings suggest that, although infants can perceptually categorize facial expressions at 4 months of age, they require further time to learn the affective meanings of the facial expressions.


A multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system has been designed on a single substrate representing both types of cognitive radio (CR), i.e., interweave and underlay. The design consists of a four-port MIMO antenna for three selectable modes of the operation (modes). These modes are wideband antenna, frequency-tunable narrowband antenna, and wideband antenna with frequency-tunable band notch. The first, second, and third modes correspond to the sensing antenna, interweave CR communicating antenna, and underlay CR communicating antenna, respectively. These modes are achieved by incorporating multipurpose filters into the microstrip feedline part of the four antenna ports. The MIMO antenna system is designed for 5G applications in sub-6 GHz band (2.50–4.20 GHz). In wideband mode, the four-port MIMO antenna has a sensing frequency range of 2.00–5.70 GHz. While in the second mode of operation, it exhibits narrowband frequency tunability from 3.21 to 4.00 GHz. Finally, in the third mode of operation, the band-notch frequency of the antenna is tunable from 3.37 to 4.00 GHz. The complete structure was fabricated on Rogers RO4350 substrate, and the simulation results were verified by measurement.


Scattering parameters or scattering coefficients are fundamental to the design, analysis and measurement of all microwave and millimetre-wave circuits and systems. Scattering parameters define the forward and reverse wave amplitudes at the inputs and outputs of a network. Microwave networks take on various forms and can be as simple as a shunt capacitor or as complicated as a complete system. Common microwave networks are one-, two-, three- or four-port devices.


This paper describes an investigation of ship movements undertaken to optimize the design of an armaments wharf for the Royal Australian Navy in Jervis Bay, NSW. Local sea, swell and long waves were included in the wave climate description. A numerical ship movement model was used to calculate ship movements which were then used to simulate a period of four year's of ship movements for four different berth layouts.


The technology of mechanical seals with grooved faces is a new one in the sealing fields. The lubrication between sealing faces is extremely improved by the hydrostatic pressure effect and/or hydrodynamic . It is capable to fit the severe working situation with multiparameters or greatly prolong the lifetime of sealing in common working situation.It has been succeed to apply in industrial fields.Its fundamentals and some examples for industrial applications are briefly introduced.


A study was conducted to analyze relations between growth, N level, NH 4 -N ratio, climatic variables, harvest time and tipburn, and also the effects of N level, NH 4 -N ratio of fertilizer and climatic variables on plant growth, yield and tipburn in cos lettuce grown in an unheated glasshouse in 20082009 winter-early spring growing period. Results showed that effects of applied N and NH 4 -N ratios on plant growth, yield and tipburn were not statistically significant, but data suggested that lettuce yield tended to decline with the increased N and increased NH 4 -N ratio of fertilizer. Moreover, of all the variables evaluated for internal tipburn incidence, the night relative humidity had the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.910, p<0.01) while for the external tipburn incidence, soil K/Ca ratio had the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.738, p<0.01), but these two variables were not the only variables correlated with the tipburn in cos lettuce. Our results suggest that, by statistical means, complex contributions of many variables had effect on tipburn of cos lettuce.


Although research on the informal venture capital market has expanded in recent years our current knowledge and understanding remains deficient in a number of respects. This paper examines three aspects of the operation of the informal venture capital market where information is either lacking or based on anecdotal or impressionistic evidence: the investment process, the post-investment experience and the investment performance. Information was obtained via telephone interviews with 31 business angels and with 28 owner-managers. In 20 cases information was available from both the entrepreneur and the investor. The paper concludes that in most cases the informal venture capital process has worked relatively well. There are few situations where the relationship between investor and entrepreneur broke down. Nevertheless, the naivety and inexperience exhibited by a minority of investors and entrepreneurs is striking. However, there are significant and consistent expectation gaps between investors and entrepre...