This thesis was developed to investigate the current
models of sustainable development and architectural working and
design practice and process to respond to the challenges of the
current era defined as the Information Age. This thesis proposes a
new model of sustainable development aligned to architecture and
the Information Age, and a new integrated systems-design
methodology to support it.
 Buildings were defined by le Corbusier
in 1927 as 'machines for living in'1 on the premise that these
buildings facilitated our day-to-day user experience. The role of
architecture as a facilitator for a sustainable existence is
therefore subject to continued investigation. While there has been
an increasing interest in environmental issues and 'green
building', built environments have consequently failed to
effectively holistically integrate core sustainable development
principles in architecture. When compared to the definition of
sustainable development in the UN Brundlandt Report of 1987,
further research into an architectural design methodology is
required to enable and plan for the long-term success of our built
environments for current and, importantly, future generations.
 The
practices and production of architecture risk being limited to
reactively monitoring the design and construction processes for
fixed moments in time, usually after the problem has presented
itself. This is representative of localised, yet much publicised
trends involving quantifiable rating systems for building
performance. This does not contribute to long-term sustainability
of the architectural product, nor the core principle of sustainable
development to adequately meet the needs of current and future
generations. The gravitation towards these easily-followed, yet
limited-in-scope checklist processes is symptomatic of concepts of
sustainable development remaining too broad and fragmented to
facilitate focused, industry-appropriate implementation and
design.
 The digital and information-based revolution has arrived,
and humankind has now progressed to the point where constant and
pervasive access to information and communication in a world of
connected systems has changed the way we live and work. This is
occurring at an exponential rate within what have been termed
'knowledge-based societies'. Furthermore, the influence of the
Information Age continues to manifest itself in the built
environment through advancement of concepts and initiatives such as
Smart Cities, intelligent buildings, and the Internet of Things.
However, architectural approach and its emphasis on the building as
a finite product comes at the expense of a holistic and integrated
systems approach, and therefore requires investigation towards a
revised design methodology. This thesis will begin by investigating
the concept of sustainable development from its original inception
to existing interpretations, and will interrogate its continued
significance as a decades-old concept to the Information Age. This
will be undertaken on the basis that sustainable development
primarily…


The optimality of a dynamic adaptive bandwidth allocation mechanism on the inter-FDDI virtual circuits is analyzed. The proposed algorithm is based on the monitoring of InterWorking Unit buffer status and the request of quanta of bandwidth as the buffer content exceeds given thresholds. By using the analytical model proposed, the analysis of N-level bandwidth quantization algorithm performance can be carried out. The results, validated by simulation, allow comparison between three-level and two-level algorithms. The three-level algorithm shows a better response to statistical fluctuations of input traffic, while offering a better grade of service.<<ETX>>


The European Green Deal requires a zero-carbon Europe until 2050. Consequently, all processes conducted, and actions taken need to ensure zero carbon emissions. Beside the areas of energy systems, logistics and living, it certainly also includes industry sectors, industrial processes and their entire supply chains. Zero carbon supply chains mean net zero carbon emission from scope 1, 2 and 3. The key question for future business is therefore how to reduce the carbon emissions of all procured components down to zero, beside all procured and consumed energies (scope 1 and 2). A promising approach is a circular economy, if primary produced materials will not be provided carbon neutral or will increase in price. However, today the development of circular business models often is a chicken and egg problem. It needs a clear business case to invest into changes, adaptions, substitutions or life cycle system adjustments of linear products (take, make, dispose) to turn them into circular products or product systems (avoid, re-use, recycle, recover).  The paper presents approaches to support companies seeking carbon neutral products in a carbon neutral Europe via identifying business cases for circular products. An evaluation matrix is presented allowing the identification of circularity status depending on the selected products or sector perspective. The matrix contains evaluation criteria based on the circularity building blocks by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Based on the results, hot spots and weak points are identified and allow entering a six-step-approach for business-case identification. The steps refer to life cycle thinking, quantitative environmental assessment, simulation, creativity methods and end up identifying profitable business cases for circularity. The presented approach combines life cycle assessment, circular economy and the development of business models and is partly developed and applied during the European H2020 project AVANGARD.


Saturday January 23rd 2010 I have just woken up, the same feelings, always the same which come to my mind with speed. I would prefer something else. I would like to think about something else, do something else. I would like that it had never happened. Everyday new names. Names of persons we have known and lost; N…, N…, E…. (E… was a mother of a 2 years old little girl). I feel the need to write you and share with you. At the same time, I don't want to disturb you with this. Add it up. (...)


Abstract Extracellular rhodanese obtained from Aureobasidium pullulans was employed in both free and immobilized forms for the biodegradation of cyanide present in cassava processing mill effluent (CPME). Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (at an optimum concentration of 5% v/v) before entrapment in alginate beads resulted in the highest immobilization yield of 94.5% and reduced enzyme leakage of 1.8%. Rhodanese immobilized by cross-linking before entrapment (cbe) retained about 46% of its initial activity after eight cycles of catalysis compared to the entrapment in alginate alone (eaa) which lost more than 79% after the fifth catalytic cycle. A cross-examination of thermodynamic ( ) kinetic ( ) parameters at 30–70 °C showed that cbe displayed a higher resistance to thermal inactivation when compared to the free enzyme (fe) and (eaa). The efficiency of cyanide biodegradation from the CPME by the fe, eaa and cbe were 55, 62, and 74% respectively after 6 h. Rhodanese immobilized via cbe had a higher resistance to thermal denaturation over other enzyme forms. Hence, this makes cbe adaptable for large-scale detoxification of cyanide from CPME.


A model of the collisional kinetics of energetic hydrogen atoms, molecules and ions in pure H2 discharges is used to predict Hα emission profiles and spatial distributions of emission from the cathode regions of low-pressure, weakly ionized discharges for comparison with a wide variety of experiments. Positive and negative ion-energy distributions are also predicted. The model developed for spatially uniform electric fields and current densities less than 10−3 A m−2 is extended to non-uniform electric fields, current densities of 103 A m−2 and electric field to gas density ratios E/N = 1.3 MTd at 0.002–5 Torr pressure. (1 Td = 10−21 V m2 and 1 Torr = 133 Pa.) The observed far-wing Doppler broadening and spatial distribution of the Hα emission is consistent with reactions among H+, H2+, H3+ and H− ions, fast H atoms and fast H2 molecules, and with reflection, excitation and attachment to fast H atoms at surfaces. The Hα excitation and H− formation occur principally by collisions of fast H, fast H2 and H+ with H2. Simplifications include using a one-dimensional geometry, a multi-beam transport model, and the average cathode-fall electric field. The Hα emission is linear with current density over eight orders of magnitude. The calculated ion-energy distributions agree satisfactorily with experiment for H2+ and H3+, but are only in qualitative agreement for H+ and H−. The experiments successfully modeled range from short-gap, parallel-plane glow discharges to beam-like, electrostatic-confinement discharges.


The study is titled sexual identity Transgender Representation in The Film The Danish Girl. The story in the film is taken from a true story that illustrates how one struggled to find appropriate sexual identity with his true identity. This research aims to know the male sexual identity, sexual identity, sexual identity and female transgender in film The Danish Girl. This study uses qualitative methods, with Roland Barthes semiotics analysis approach, taking a focused subject to transgender sexual identity with views through faceted Denoted (signifier) describes the relationship of signifier and signified on reality, meaning explicit. Connotation (signified) describes the relationship of signifier and signified to non-reality, generate an implicit meaning and myth (the myth) explained the habits and beliefs prevailing in the society. In this study the scene is divided into 3 parts are male sexual identity, sexual identity, sexual identity transgender women with 17 scene data analysis unit. The collection of data by specifying the corpus contained in the film in accordance with the categorization of the already determined. The results of this research show that the representation of sexual identity transgender in film The Danish Girl this is. First, look at the sexual identity of men before the women's soul inside of Einar. Second, look at sexual identity more women showing a female figure but still there is the male sexual identity. Third, look at sexual identity transgender featuring female figure where his sexual identity has been forgotten. Keywords : Mass Communication, Semiotics, Transgender


An allozyme examination was conducted to study the mating systems and genetic differentiation of populations of Equisetum arvense and E. hyemale. The study revealed that the rate of intragametophytic selfing in these homosporous pteridophytes is very low, i.e., on average 0.020 and 0.019, respectively, despite the potential hermaproditism and selfing of the gametophytes. Most populations consisted of numerous genotypes, and the average heterozygosities of E. arvense and E. hyemale equalled 0.092 and 0.134, respectively. The commonly observed excess of the heterozygote genotypes indicates that there are interclonal differences in the frequency of vegetative reproduction. The level of genetic divergence among populations was considerable even within a limited geographic area. It is suggested that the life history of Equisetum, characterized by the inefficiency of spore germination and gametophyte reproduction in noncolonizing situations, limits the level of gene flow and leads to a great genetic divergence between populations.


Discussion of the independent nature of four problems in the management and resolution of international conflicts fills a gap, since these distinct problems are often considered to be a single undifferentiated subject area. The first problem is the existence of multiple conflict structures (patterns of capabilities and interests): different structures follow differing patterns of development. The second problem concerns difficulties in statesmen's abilities to discern accurately the structure and thus the dynamics of the conflict episodes they confront. The third problem involves the strategy requirements of different conflict structures, and the fourth the discrepancies between statesmen's strategy preferences and the requirements of different conflict structures. Increased intellectual recognition of these distinct issues might help to reduce the severity of international conflicts by reducing misperception and inappropriate actions based on misperception. But statesmen would still face problems in gaining domestic political support for their intellectual understanding of international conflicts.


In machine learning, deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming mainstream because they can learn higher-level features and thus form deep representations. However, DNNs require a lot of memory and training time. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of D NN training has been an increasingly important focus of research in recent years. In this paper, we propose a training method, Ensemble2Net, that can accelerate the training of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), and help student networks learn knowledge from DCNN-based teacher networks. We use a novel algorithm, Ensemble2Net, to accelerate the transfer of learning in VGGnet (13/16/19), and ResNet. The results show that the Ensemble2Net technique can help VGGnet and ResNet achieve the best accuracy at lower cost than current approaches. In particular, ResNet using Ensemble2Net with 20 epochs achieves better accuracy than the original Res Net trained with more than 170 epochs, with a 1.503x speedup in performance.


The 'mise-a-la-masse' method,mainly used in exploring ore body of good conductivity of electricity,is a traditional exploration method.Based on the electric field characteristics of ellipsoid and the results of model piles testing,the electric field characteristics of reinforcement cage in cast-in-situ pile were analyzed.The results indicate that at the bottom of reinforcement cage,a sharp decline with an inflexion is on the electric potential curve and an extremum is accordingly on the potential gradient curve.It provides a basis for the length detection of reinforcement cage in cast-in-situ pile.


Damage to alfalfa by Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji depended on the number of aphids per stem and the length of infestation. In field studies, first-harvest yields were not significantly reduced at populations of 87 aphids per stem, if they were controlled immediately. However, delaying control as few as 8 days at this infestation level resulted in significant yield reductions. These data expand on previous work and set upper levels for aphid infestation. There was no yield loss in the second or third harvest, indicating that no effects carried over from damage sustained before the first harvest. In greenhouse studies, plants subjected to a heavy aphid infestation produced significantly more leaf dry matter but were significantly shorter than noninfested plants. There was no significant difference in quality, as determined by the percentage of protein and total digestible nutrients, between infested and noninfested plants in either the field or greenhouse study.


Quantum homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption in which two parties named Alice and Bob have the input data and program, respectively, and Bob computes the program on the encrypted input data and returns the result to Alice, without knowing Alice's input data. We have recently shown that any quantum homomorphic encryption with perfect data privacy cannot keep the program private at all, and that deterministic fully homomorphic encryption necessarily incurs exponential overhead if perfect security is required. The latter conclusion has been shown to hold in the case that the programs are implemented approximately by some other unitary operations. But in the results above it was assumed that any shared entangled state on the two parties is a pure state. In this paper we prove that in any exact deterministic quantum homomorphic encryption scheme with a passive third party which only distributes initial entanglement, if the data is perfectly private, then the effective program cannot be private at all. But for Alice to learn all information about Bob's program in one-shot, her allowed input data states are restricted to be of some special type, possibly entangled with ancillas. This conclusion implies that quantum homomorphic encryption cannot be secure even with the help of shared keys, including classical public keys. The case of inexact implementation of the programs is also discussed.


English) ........... ABSTRACT (Hindi) ...........Hindi) ........... ANNEXURE ........... LIST OF TABLES AND ANNEXURE Table No. Particulars Page No. 4.1 Mean squares and variances for different characters in taramira ......... 4.2 Overall mean value of accessions, their range, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean for different characters in taramira ......... 4.3 Correlation coefficient on the basis of adjusted values between different characters in taramira ......... 4.4 Direct (diagonal) and indirect effects (non-diagonal) of different characters on seed yield per plant in taramira based on adjusted values ......... 5.1 Performance of top ten accession based on seed yield .........


Thermocouple psychrometers are used to measure the water potential of plant tissues and soils and the osmotic potential of solutions. The methods of using them have been described in detail by Barrs (1968). In the thermocouples developed by Richards & Ogata (1958) a small silver ring forms the junction of the couple and retains a drop of water. The thermocouple junction is then a permanent wet junction giving 'wet bulb' temperature. Alternatively Spanner (1951) cooled the thermocouple junction by passing a small electric current through it, condensing a drop of water. The 'wet bulb' temperature was measured after the cooling current was stopped. Systems have been made which scan several thermocouples automatically and record the output. They differ principally in the choice of amplifier. Rowse & Monteith (1969) used a galvanometer to amplify the signal for thermocouples of the design described by Spanner, digitized the amplified signal with an interference pattern and recorded on punched tape. The method demands considerable technical resources and the amplifier is bulky and sensitive to vibration. Also, only a fraction of the signal is recorded during evaporation of the drop, which may be unsatisfactory when the drop evaporates rapidly at low water potentials. Barrs (1969) used commercially obtainable components. A pulse generator activated a rotary multichannel switch, the signal was amplified using a microvolt amplifier and the output recorded on a strip chart recorder. This method can only be used with droplet thermocouples, the amplifier is expensive and the length of reading limited to 60 seconds by the pulse generator. The instrument described below can be used for both types of thermocouple; the length of the reading period is adjustable over a wide range, the amplifier is compact and inexpensive and gives estimates of water potential of + 0-2 bars. An operational amplifier was used because it is inexpensive and easily obtainable. The output is recorded on a strip chart, but could be digitized if required.


My purpose here is to uncover and examine a theology that is sometimes explicit, but more often implied, in Richard Nixon's speeches delivered between 1953 and 1960, the original texts of which were written by a Roman Catholic priest, John F. Cronin. First I will survey the history of the association between Cronin and Nixon. Second, I will deal with the speeches themselves and the theology that often lay just beneath the surface. Finally, I will look at the practical consequences of this Cold War theology and the mission entrusted to its believers.The questions arising from this sort of study are legion. Given the history of American suspicion in regard to Roman Catholics, how did a Roman Catholic priest acquire such an influential position among early Cold War theorists- especially with Richard Nixon, a Quaker? Do Nixon's speeches presuppose a theological interpretation of world events? Is the Cold War theology of the speeches a genuinely Christian theology, or is it a form of idolatry?


Rural PC kiosks have become prominent recently as a way to impact socio-economic development through computing technology. Despite the significant backing these projects receive from governments and other large organizations, there are very few rigorous studies which measure their actual impact and utility. We have developed and deployed a software PC logging tool that allows us to gain exact quantitative insight into the usage statistics of kiosks on which the tool is installed. In field trials in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, India, we collected over 120 days of software tool logging data from 13 separate kiosks, while we also questioned the kiosk operators during the same period. We show some evidence that the software based logging tool complements the existing survey based and other ethnographic approaches for data collection. We also show that the tool does a better job in gathering certain usage statistics as compared to questioning the kiosk operator


The classical molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the phase transition of gold nanoparticles under confinement using Sutton-Chen (SC) potential. Metal gold nanoparticles with different number of atoms are subject to replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation for this purpose. The simulation showing the solidto-liquid melting temperature largely remains unaffected by confinement, while the confinement induces characteristic pre-melting at very low temperature depending on atom number in nanoparticles.


This report provides an overview of my research to date. The report begins by explaining why my field - purchasing and supply management - is a relevant and indeed increasingly critical subject both for academic researchers and for companies and organisations. I explain the main pillars, or axes, of my research and subsequently introduce the two main areas within purchasing and supply management to which I have contributed, namely supply relationships and networks, and the role of suppliers in new product development (NPD) and innovation. The report provides an overview of the main research projects in which I have been involved and I subsequently discuss in more detail my contribution to the field and the research philosophy and methodologies that I employ. In particular, I reflect on the use of qualitative case study research in purchasing and supply management and offer suggestions for how to ensure good quality research. The report concludes with an overview of future research plans.


One of the foci in science and technology competition in the 21st century is the digitalized library technology featuring the making,storing,administering,transmitting and serving of digital resources.The prob-lems to be settled are put forward in regard to the construction of digitalized library in colleges and universities through an analysis of the characteristics of digitalized libraries and componential modules.


The following are systematized examples, taken from the general panorama of activities currently being implemented in Spain, of significant experiences and formative strategies of local sustainable development. They correspond to three different intervention areas in education: different levels in the school system, adults training in competence and technical abilities, and community education. They offer a contextualized model of education intervention that contributes to ecological and environmental sustainability, social promotion and productive competitiveness. The experiences described permit, in many cases, changes of life styles and social customs, adjusting them to the requirements of sustainable development; in others, to form new generations for local sustainable development and global sustainability. Although procedures must vary to suit the particular features inherent in each such realm, it is the function of education to tackle first and foremost the training of the intellect, the education of emotions and moral personality, and the acquisition of professional skills.


A goodness-of-fit test for testing the acceleration function in a nonparametric life time model is proposed. For this aim the limit distribution of an L 2 -type test statistic is derived. Furthermore, a bootstrap method is considered and the power of the test is studied.


The synthesis of a novel series of hybrid monomers containing cationically polymerizable cycloaliphatic epoxide and 1-propenyl ether functional groups in the same molecule has been conducted. Detailed structure−reactivity studies of the diaryliodonium salt-induced cationic photopolymerizations of these monomers indicate that the rate of epoxide ring-opening polymerization is markedly enhanced by the presence of the 1-propenyl ether group. At the same time, the polymerization of the 1-propenyl ether groups in such hybrid monomers is retarded. A mechanism involving the free-radical-induced decomposition of the photoinitiator has been proposed which serves to amplify the rate of the photoinitiated cationic epoxide ring-opening polymerization.


A frame transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) designed for X-ray detection on board the SUZAKU spacecraft includes an input serial register and a charge injection structure which allows a very uniform injection of extremely small charge packets into the imaging section of the device. A variation of the fill-and-spill method was implemented to inject charge into the CCD. Very small charge packets (down to just a few electrons) can be reproducibly injected with noise as low as five-electron rms. The operation of the structure is described, and the results of the measurements are compared with the simulations. We have measured electron ldquoevaporationrdquo over potential barrier as a function of time, results being in excellent agreement with our model. By fitting a model to the data, it is possible to determine the internal capacitance of the input node. Charge injection noise as a function of signal charge was measured, and the results are also in agreement with theory. The designed structure can be used as a tool for studying and mitigating radiation damage effects in CCDs.


Classroom-based learning soft skills effectively increase hard skills when administered with habituation-based
management performen. This article will discuss an integrated model of the development of soft skills that have
tested the effectiveness of the productive class. This integration soft skills model (ILS) is the approach the topic
as the integration between hard skills and soft skills. Topics are developed based on the analysis of competence
and teaching materials. The model consists of two key components: 1) the integration of components and 2)
learning component that describes the acculturation process through continuous improvement. Component
integration is the integration of learning targets, the student, and teacher-designed learning environment.
Component of learning is a process of familiarization with continuous improvement. Integration on the learning
targets teachers do when designing lesson plans, integration on students to do when students create a learning
contract, and the integration of the learning environment illustrates that learning occurs in the integration of soft
skills and hard skills. At this time students learn to integrate the soft skills and hard skills simultaneously.
Learning as a process of acculturation occurs naturally when the students moved the potential soft skills and hard
skills with continuous improvement mechanism. Students are encouraged to conduct self-evaluation by selfreflection
as well as an effort to motivate myself to do my best. The teacher's role was to be effective in helping
to improve the mastery of soft skills and be sensitive to changes in the behavior of soft skills of each student.


The discussion is made between the present suicide definition based on suicidal intention and the one presented by Stengel (1972) which is based on a subjective risk-taking criterion in the main groups of obscure cases of death. It has been deemed that the previous definition of suicidal intent is the better alternative after all, but preliminary investigations by police authorities and behaviour scientists ought to be intensified in different countries and co-operation between investigators and coroners increased. The definition based on a subjective risk-taking criterion can hardly be applicable alone, although it might have some significance as a supplement to the old definition in certain obscure cases of death.


This paper addresses the issue of computer vision-based face motion capture as an alternative to physical sensor-based technologies. The proposed method combines a deformable template-based tracking of mouth and eyes in arbitrary video sequences with a single speaking person with a global 3D head pose estimation procedure yielding robust initializations. Mathematical principles underlying deformable template matching together with definition and extraction of salient image features are presented. Specifically, interpolating cubic B-splines between the MPEG-4 Face Animation Parameters (FAPs) associated with the mouth and eyes are used as template parameterization. Modeling the template a network of springs interconnecting with the mouth and eyes FAPs, the internal energy is expressed as a combination of elastic and symmetry local constraints. The external energy function, which allows to enforce interactions with image data, involves contour, texture and topography properties properly combined within robust potential functions. Template matching is achieved by applying the downhill simplex method for minimizing the global energy cost. Stability and accuracy of the results are discussed on a set of 2000 frames corresponding to 5 video sequences of speaking people.


Objective: This study aims to adapt the Patient-Nurse Trust Scale to Turkish and perform validity and reliability analyses.
Methods: This study has been conducted as methodological. It was conducted between February 2021 and June 2021 in a training and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. The study was completed with 311 participants. Introductory Information Form, Patient-Nurse Trust Scale, and Trust in Nurses Scale were used for data collection. In addition to descriptive statistics, language validity, content validity, construct validity, criterionrelated validity, discrimination, internal consistency reliability, two-half test reliability, and item analysis methods were used to determine the scale's psychometric properties.
Results: As a result of factor analysis, it was determined that the scale showed a single factor structure, and explained 66.63% of the total variance. Item factor load values were found to vary between .74 and .88. The ratio of the chi-square value to the degrees of freedom (397.496/112) was found to be 3.549. It was found that RMSEA= .09, GFI= .86, IFI= .93, NFI= .91, CFI= .93, and RFI= .87. It was found that the correlations of all items varied between .71 and .87. The Chronbach's alpha value for the whole scale was calculated as .97. As a result of parallel test analysis, it was determined that there was a significant positive correlation between both scales (r= .301; p= .000).
Conclusion: The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results of the Turkish version of the scale are acceptable, and their reliability indexes are high.


If the effective voltage is constant aftd s = 1 in the equation, r' = ro log so, where r' is the resistance needed to reduce the deflection to one fringe. Hence r' is an index of the sensitiveness of telephones, all operating in the given circuit successively. A number of tests so made ranged from r' = 3 X 103 for common telephones to r' = 106 for high resistance telephones. The meaning of the equation given is not so easily determined, since the acoustic pressure is produced through the intermediation of the telephone mechanism. If we suppose that, within limits, the amplitude a of the air waves produced at the plate is proportional to the amplitude of the current in the telephone, the exponential equation would then belong to the acoustic pressure p, and may be written, p = poeao/a. This seems to me probable, as it would explain the absence of registry in case of the pinhole resonator, for instance, when the sounding organ pipe is. over 5 meters distant; i.e., the rapid decline of the fringe deflection with the distance of the source of sound may thus be quantitatively evaluated. * Advance note from a report to the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis and fat deposition in hepatocytes in the absence of significant alcohol use.NAFLD consists of a spectrum of disorders ranging from simple fatty liver,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis/cirrhosis.The mechanism of NAFLD is complicated and has not been clarified yet.This article reviewed the new progress in the study of molecular mechanisms of NAFLD in recent years,including insulin resistance (IR),hepatic steatosis,and oxidative stress.


: This study empirically examines whether a group of 12 Asian countries is suitable to form an Asian Monetary Union (AMU). The criteria of suitability are based on the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) literature whereby countries experiencing symmetrical shocks, have smaller size of shock and faster speed of adjustment are considered as potentially good partners in a monetary union. The Blanchard and Quah (BQ) structural vector autoregression (SVAR) methodology is used to identify the demand and supply shocks. The overall finding provides no support for the formation of a full-fledged AMU. Instead, what appears more feasible initially is the formation of smaller sub-groupings within the region. Studies are also and Ramayandi for the discussions on the subject matter. paper


A speed ratio control device of a toroidal continuously variable transmission of a vehicle, the transmission comprising an actuator (4) which changes an operation position according to a command signal for controlling a gear ratio of the transmission, comprising: a sensor (62, 63) for detecting operating conditions of the vehicle, a sensor (62, 64, S151) for detecting that the vehicle is traveling, a sensor (64, 65) for detecting an actual transmission ratio of the transmission, and a microprocessor (61), characterized in that the microprocessor (61) is provided on the basis of the actual gear ratio of the transmission (S152), when the vehicle is to initialize the command signal with respect to an actual operating position of the actuator; on the basis of the operating condition of the vehicle for determining a desired transmission ratio (S91); for determining the command signal based on the target speed ratio (S97); for limiting the command signal within a first confinement region after performing the initialization (S168, S170), which is narrower than a second boundary area corresponding to the physical operating range of the actuator ...


We report on the electroluminescence from p‐type porous silicon due to minority carrier injection from an electrolyte solution. The MV+• radical cation formed in the reduction of divalent methylviologen is able to inject electrons into the conduction band of crystalline and porous silicon. The electrochemistry of this redox process at silicon electrodes is briefly described, and electroluminescence due to recombination of the injected electrons with holes from the substrate is described. The results are discussed in terms of a semiconductor model.


Purpose: To analyze and verify feasibility of single fiducial tracking using four different types of fiducial markers with the Synchrony® technique in CyberKnife® (CK) SBRTlung treatment. Methods: A dynamic thorax phantom (CIRS Inc.) was scanned in a static mode using a Philips Brilliance Big‐Bore CT scanner. Four fiducial types were used: short wire, long wire, curl, and multi‐coil (Cook® Medical). A single fiducial was placed in a target volume in vertical, horizontal and parallel orientations relative to the treatment imaging system. Correlation and confidence level of the fiducial marker compared to external markers were recorded. CTimages were transferred to MultiPlan® system for treatment planning. After the plan was completed and authorized, dual x‐rays were used for tumor tracking. Breathing and tumor tracking motions were correlated by a combination of x‐rays and infrared external markers. For confidence level and correlation error, phantom‐based tracking was simulated for regular breathing motions and these parameters were collected until Synchrony established a full breathing cycle. Results: Tracking confidence levels of the fiducials ranged from 72% to 89.3%, with correlation errors of 0.23 mm to 1.1 mm. The 0.5 and 1.0 cm wire‐type fiducials were the most sensitive to error dependent upon insert direction. Using these markers, if the orientation was parallel to the phantom's rib cage, the CyberKnife was unable to register due to adjacent high density areas such as bony structures. The curl and multi‐coil types were more robust to orientation bias. Conclusions: It is possible to use single wire fiducials for Synchrony but continuous tumor tracking may not be reliable due to their high dependency on orientation. Curl or multi‐coil type fiducials are less sensitive to orientation and, as a result, may be better suited for single‐fiducial tracking.


O. Introduction This paper investigates what conditions are required in the Minimalist Program in order to explain the behavior of wh-phrases in a multiple wh-interrogative construction. In section 1, I discuss two such conditions used in the GB framework, i.e. the Superiority Condition and the ECP (Empty Category Principle). In the Minimalist Program, however, the ECP is no longer available, since the essential notions for the definition of the ECP, such as 'government' and 'barrier', do not exist in this program. The question arises: can the Minimalist Program go along only with the already-available tactics, or does it need a new condition to compensate for the lack of the ECP? In sections 2-4, I consider previous attempts to account for various kinds of multiple wh-interrogative data with no reliance on the ECP. In section 2, I discuss how much the MLC (Minimal Link Condition) account for the relevant data. Although the MLC covers a wide range of the data, the range at the same time shows the limitation of MLC's explanatory power. In section 3, I consider Kitahara's (1997) analysis: he stipulates that the acceptability of multiple wh-interrogative sentences is determined by the CFC (Chain Formation Condition) together with the MLC. This analysis is shown to be insufficient, however, to take over the task that the ECP used to do. In section 4, I briefly consider Kuno and Takami (1993): they insist that the superiority relation between wh-phrases should be determined by a pragmatic knowledge of a speaker/hearer, not by a syntactic condition. By pointing out the existence of counterexamples, I claim that syntax does play a role in regulating the behavior of wlz-phrases. In section 5, I conclude with a discussion that shows a direction for future research: a new condition is required to fully account for the behavior of wlz-phrases in multiple wlzinterrogatives. To formulate ~s condition, Kitahara's analysis gives us a clue: a 'wrong' movement or a 'wrong' distribution of a wh-phrase leads to a less acceptable/ ungrammatical LF representation. It does not satisfy the FI (Full Interpretation) principle, thus causing the representation to crash. In other words, the ECP is reformulated as a subcondition of the FI principle.


Fusion is one of the key research issues in modern Language Identification (LID) systems. In this paper we compare existing fusion techniques for LID systems and propose an alternative. By directly utilizing language-dependent performance information, a novel Language-Dependent Weighting (LDW) approach is introduced and implemented. The language-dependent weighting coefficients are directly derived from pair-wise LID performances on development dataset. The advantage of using language-dependent weighting over language-independent weighting is illustrated using a Language- Dependent Performance Map (LDP-MAP). Experiments on NIST LRE 2003 task and OGI database demonstrate that the proposed fusion technique outperforms other recent fusion techniques when the amount of available development data is limited.


We report on genetically clustered hepatitis C virus genotype 2c infection in 12 human immunodeficiency virus–infected men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan, suggesting an emerging outbreak. Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Abstract We report on hepatitis C virus genotype 2c infection in 12 human immunodeficiency virus–infected men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan. The uncommon strains from the 12 patients were genetically clustered; they suggested an emerging outbreak in this population at high risk of sexually transmitted infections.


This paper choose short-term prediction as the research content of the wind speed,the time series and neural network theory are uesd into to the wind speed prediction model.On the basis of BP model, ARMA-BP model is proposed.Then the ARMA-RBF model was established, makes the prediction error smaller.Simulation experimental results shows that using neural network to establish the sequence of the network, training time significantly shortened, network between predicted values and the real observation values of output doesn't appear too big deviation, the new training sample set fitting is good ,and prediction accuracy improved.


Merthyr Tydfil Public Libraries, the smallest public library authority in England and Wales, has introduced its first library management system at the same time as the People's Network. The paper describes the process of selecting and implementing the final chosen system from Talis Information. In addition, the impact on staff who have had to change their working practices in a very short space of time is described.


Abstract Despite several empowerment/poverty reduction programmes in Nigeria, the youths' plight has worsened with evidence of the increased unemployment rate, poverty, and social exclusion. This study examines the impact of several empowerment/ poverty reduction programmes on the youths' well-being in southwest Nigeria. The study adopts the quantitative method using questionnaires for data collection. A total of 425 copies of the questionnaire were collected and analysed using frequency distribution tables and cross tabulation. It was found that despite the high level of awareness (74.6%) of the various empowerment programmes, only a few (17.2%) have benefitted from them. Among those who have benefited, only 41.2% have what they currently do related to the empowerment they once benefitted. The majority of the respondents, 61.6%, consider the programmes resourceful. Based on the findings, the study recommends properly implementing the empowerment programmes to ensure that those who need them are the beneficiaries, rather than a medium for political expediency. Also, a youth trust fund where youths who have undergone empowerment programmes can always access funds for their start-ups needs to be established. This will promote wealth creation opportunities among the youths and ensure the sustainability of the programmes.


Job Training Activity in Tombo Ati Stable on March 24 to 29, 2014 is determined to know the maintenance management of horses. Tombo Ati Stable is located in Buluh, Tengaran, Semarang, Central Java. Writing the final paper aims to determine the maintenance management that related to the stud fertility and the ability to marry which served as stallion for breeding in Tombo Ati Stable.
The daily activities at Tombo Ati Stable included feeding and drinking water, cleaned the cage area, horse grooming, horse exercise, horse teasing, horse mating, and other specific activities. Data collection methods included some direct observation or observation which worked together and followed the daily activities at Tombo Ati Stable , interviewed to the owner, the employee or person in charge of the farm and medic, as well as from the owner�s record and the image objects.
The stud feeding in Tombo Ati Stable was in conformity with the requirements. The stud daily care and health have been well and regularly implemented. Horse mating procedures are also highly considered in order to minimize the cases of transmission disease, injury, or even failure pregnancy. Tombo Ati Stable has good maintenance management, it have been seeing from the studs which Hanoman YR, Pitu Likur, and Bayu Menoreh that all of them have great libido and copulatory behavior, it has showed that the studs of Tombo Ati Stable have a high fertility and absence of the illness cases.


Some changes have taken place in the modern fashion trend of garments and played a distinct role in the design, production, marketing and consumption of garments. Meanwhile, new demands have been put on the variety of garment liner and the using methods. Hence, it is important to grasp the modern fashion trend and improve the adaptability and pertinence of garment liner through innovative development so as to match the corresponding garment products in a better way and increasingly improve the inner quality and outer level.


Counting fish underwater is more difficult than counting sheep on a pasture but is needed to support fishery management and to enumerate the contribution fish catches currently make to human society in the form of food, income, and revenue. Inland fisheries are particularly challenging to monitor and assess. They take place in variable and structurally complex environments, such as river floodplains and swamps, and are mainly found in resource-poor countries of the global South, and the larger ones (e.g., the Amazon, the Mekong, and the African Great Lakes) straddle national boundaries, requiring interstate collaboration for their governance. Moreover, the fish caught from the myriad smaller lakes, reservoirs, floodplain forests, and river tributaries escape being recorded because they are consumed directly by those who catch them or sold in informal markets in remote areas, far from the gaze of any reporting or management authority. In response to these challenges, Fluet-Chouinard et al. recently reported on a study that assesses fish catches by counting how many fish are eaten (1). Rather than trying to improve how we count fish through ecological surveys or to correct for the weaknesses in catch statistics, as others have previously done (2, 3), they have back-calculated national and global inland fishery harvests using estimates of consumption of freshwater fish from household consumption and expenditure surveys administered to 548,000 households across 42 countries.

The consensus among fisheries scientists working on freshwater fisheries is that difficulties in assessing freshwater fish catches result in them being underreported and consequently undervalued (4). Fluet-Chouinard et al.'s (1) studies reveal that freshwater catches are, on average, likely to be ∼65% higher than those officially reported by national governments to the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The FAO is charged with compiling and disseminating fishery statistics. Global summaries are published …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: eha1{at}uw.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


The special feature of the thing-user centric communication is that thing-users can form a society autonomously and collaborate to solve problems. To share experiences and knowledge, thing-users form, join, and leave communities. The thing-user, who needs a help from other thing-users to accomplish a mission, searches thing-user communities and nominates thing-users of the discovered communities to organize a collaborative work group. Thing-user community should perform autonomously the social construction process and need principles and procedures for the community formation and collaboration within the thing-user communities. This paper defines thing-user communities and proposes an organizational structure for the thing-user community formation.


Ingestion of foreign body is common and the oesophagus is the commonest site of impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 12 month old boy who was fed beef meat and subsequently experienced persistent regurgitation which prompted radiological examination. Barium swallow examination under fluoroscopic guidance confirmed foreign body impaction, and he subsequently had endoscopic retrieval under general anesthesia. We emphasize the importance of radiological imaging in establishing an early diagnosis and effecting prompt treatment to prevent complications. This case is presented because of the rarity of beef meat bolus causing oesophageal impaction in infancy, and to highlight the role of imaging in the management of this condition. The literature was also reviewed.


Relativistic, longitudinal plasma oscillations are studied for the case of a simple water bag distribution of electrons having cylindrical symmetry in momentum space with the axis of the cylinder parallel to the velocity of wave propagation. The plasma is required to obey the relativistic Vlasov–Poisson equations, and solutions are sought in the wave frame. An exact solution for the plasma density as a function of the electrostatic field is derived. The maximum electric field is presented in terms of an integral over the known density. It is shown that when the perpendicular momentum is neglected, the maximum electric field approaches infinity as the wave phase velocity approaches the speed of light. It is also shown that for any nonzero perpendicular momentum, the maximum electric field will remain finite as the wave phase velocity approaches the speed of light. The relationship to previously published solutions is discussed as is some recent controversy regarding the proper modeling of large amplitude r...


Fast response time is critical for reducing the image blurs in LCD TVs. A straightforward approach is to use thin cell with a high birefringence and low viscosity liquid crystal material. We have synthesized and evaluated the physical properties of some high birefringence, laterally difluorinated terphenyl compounds and mixtures. These mixtures exhibit a high birefringence (Δn ∼ 0.24) in the visible spectral range and a relatively low viscosity. When doped in commercial mixtures, the difluoro terphenyl compounds enhance the mixture's birefringence while causing almost no penalty to the rotational viscosity. These mixtures are particularly attractive for thin cell LCDs to achieve fast response time.


This paper investigates the Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) in Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs). The test-chip features SPADs with different architectures implemented in 150 nm CMOS technology. The test-chip has been irradiated with 21 MeV proton beam. RTS occurrence probability has been investigated in two different architectures. RTS measurements allowed to investigate the defect responsible for RTS phenomenon.


Summary The calculation of the dose distribution in the thyroid tissues and of the maximum permissible concentrations in the air and in drinking water was carried out for 123I. In fact because of the recent use of this radionuclide in radioisotopic diagnostics the dose to both the patients' and operators' thyroids due to 123I must to be known. In order to obtain a correct estimate it is necessary, however, to consider the distribution of the radionuclide in the thyroid tissue and the changes in this distribution depending on the dimensions of the follicles. Taking into account the dose at the follicular cell-colloid interface, the maximum permissible concentrations in the air and in drinking water were calculated as being 6 x 10–8 μCi/cm3 and 4 x 10–4 μCi/cm3 respectively.


The invention discloses a through hole filling structure. The through hole filling structure comprises a semiconductor substrate, a tungsten layer, a blocking layer and a metal layer, wherein a through hole is formed in the semiconductor substrate; the tungsten layer is positioned on the semiconductor substrate and covers the through hole; the blocking layer is positioned on the tungsten layer and covers the through hole; the metal layer is positioned on the blocking layer and fills the through hole. The invention further provides a through hole filling method. As the tungsten layer has a higher gap filling capacity, when the blocking layer is prepared on the tungsten layer, the thin blocking layer can properly cover the through hole, and the thickness of the blocking layer is uniform; when a metal layer is prepared on the blocking layer again, the through hole can be well filled with the metal layer ; in addition, the conductive capacity of the tungsten layer is better than that of the blocking layer, and the blocking is thinner, so that the structure facilitates the improvement of the conductive capacity of the through hole.


This research aims to find out how big the effect of the overlap ratio and grit size silicon carbide wheel grinder to the vibration amplitude and surface roughness when grinding process and the corelation between the vibration amplitude and surface roughness. This research used the material hardened tool steel OCR12VM. This research using the surface grinding machine KGS818AH model and this research using a variation of process parameters namely 5 variations on the overlap ratio, 4 variations on grit size silicon carbide wheel grinder, 2 variations in the depth of the cut and this research using constant parameters namely constant spindle speed and constant longitudinal feed. The selection the type of abrasive and the selection process parameters (overlap ratio and grit size silicon carbide wheel grinder) can give a great impact on the increased vibration amplitude and surface roughness on material OCR12VM. The conclusion of this study is with increasing overlap ratio, the vibration amplitude and surface roughness will decrease and the finer the grit size silicon carbide wheel grinder, the vibration amplitude and surface roughness will be lower.


The purpose of this study was to determine the different preferred learning styles of secondary school students in Nairobi County. The study was based on Felder Learning Style Theory and Keirsey personality learning styles theory. A purposive sample of 1,317 Form Two Students in private and public schools, 659 students were randomly selected for the study. The reliability of the treatment questionnaire in the pilot study was estimated using Pearson's Correlation method and yielded a reliability coefficient of .723 which was high enough to judge the instrument as reliable. The collected data was analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Data were described and summarized using percentages, and means. Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of students' preferred learning styles showed significant differences in preference to visual and verbal learning styles in receiving of information F (1,653) = 6.42, p = .012; in intuition and sensing learning styles in perception of information F (1,653) = 9.77, p = .011; in preference to visual and verbal categories of learning styles in receiving of information F (1,653) = 6.42, p = .012; and in preference to sequential and global learning styles in order of progressing the processing of information F (1,653) = 6.10, p = .014. The study recommends that the ministry of education science and technology ensure facilitation is done to enable teachers to detect the learning styles to use in a different setting.


In the early 1940s in Japan, the philosopher Hisayuki Omodaka started to set out a "philosophy of medicine" comprising three important and closely related theories: theory of science, theory of life, and theory of medicine. The purpose of this paper is to describe Omodaka's philosophy of medicine and discuss its significance in today's modern medicine. Omodaka's philosophy of medicine is characterized by the unique theory of life contained therein. Omodaka described the human body as having two conflicting and mutually dependent natures, one without extensivity (α) and the other with extensivity (β). The former enables our bodies to be active and is the reason our bodies function harmoniously. Omodaka explained that the purpose of his philosophy of medicine was to reflect the present state of medicine, clarify the principles on which that medicine was based, and try to create better medicine for the people. As has been discussed by many authors, science does not have the ability to reflect science itself. Therefore, in order to clarify the principles of medicine, develop better medical education, and provide better medical care, scientific methods are not sufficient, and a "philosophy of medicine" is indispensable to the achievement of a better medicine.


In this paper we show that if $\mu$ is any locally and uniformly $\alpha$-dimensional measure supported on a $\alpha$-quasi-regular set $E$, then $L^2(\mu)$ admits a frame of exponentials. In particular, for the uniform middle third Cantor measure, $\mu_C,$ our result shows that there exists a countable set $\Lambda$ such that $\{e^{2\pi i t \lambda}\}_{\lambda \in \Lambda}$ is a frame for $L^2(\mu_C)$ (i.e. the measure $\mu_C$ admits a generalized spectrum), answering an old outstanding question about the existence of a frame of exponentials for the space $L^2(\mu_C)$.


AIDS is associated with both a loss of lean body mass and hypogonadism. This double-blind study assessed whether androgen replacement might help.


The problem of predicting the farfield radiation patterns from near‐field measurements is attacked by using wave functions in spheroidal coordinates. By using this coordinate system, one is able to make measurements of pressure alone over a coordinate surface that fits closely a transducer whose shape is either a cylinder or a circular disk. This approach represents a generalization of a paper by J. Pachner [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28, 86–90 (1956)]. Comparison with experimental data is presented. (This work was supported by contract with the Bureau of Ships.)


This paper reports the VLSI implementation of NN (N eural N etwork) based emergent behavior model for high-speed robot control. Augmented FSM (F inite-S tate M achine) is considered to implement the emergent behavior. We performed a system level simulation using our proposed model. Then, we transformed the model to RTL (R egister-T ransfer L evel) for circuit simulation. In this study, we considered multiple-inputs and multiple-outputs NN. Our implementation method improves speed of execution and accuracy and compare the result with conventional neural network. For activation function in NN, we implemented sigmoid function with second order approximation to educe complexity. We used walking gesture of Kondo KHR-3HV robot to verify the model.


Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the success rate of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair surgery by transvaginal (TVAG) and transabdominal (TPA) procedure.
Method: Literatures were searched on the online database, PUBMED and Google Scholar. All of the studies should be belonging on to inclusion criteria. The literatures had qualitative analyze by the authors and bias criteria based on Review Manager 5.3 application. It also had quantitative analyzed by the same application.
Results: The literatures have 191 patients (transvaginal-n=107; transabdominal-n=84). The data was homogen (Chi2 0,05). The forest plot showed that TPA has a higher success rate than TVAG, still not statistically significant (test overall effect P>0,05; 95%CI was 0,59 to 5,30).
Conclusion: Transabdominal procedure has a higher success rate.


Surgery remains primary therapeutic method for patients with gastric cancer.Even among patients who undergo radical resection,only 30%~40% patients can obtain a benefit result because of the locoregional recurrence and systemic metastases.Hence,to look for a new approach actively apparents more significance.Molecular targeted therapy have emerged as a novel approach to the treatment of solid tumors in recent years and have also made some development in gastric cancer,such as the ToGA research to tear open a new chapter for it.Nevertheless,now there is no standard therapy regimen for advanced gastric cancer because of lack of a significant evidence-based medicine.In this review,a brief introduction of research and clinical application of gastric cancer from different targets with mechanism,including targeting EGFR signal transduction pathway,antiangionesis,targeting NF-κB signal transduction pathway,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and so on,was presented.


In many astrophysical systems, smoothly-varying large-scale variations coexist with small-scale fluctuations. For example, a large-scale velocity or density gradient can exist in molecular clouds that exhibit small-scale turbulence. In redshifted 21cm observations, we also have two types of signals - the Galactic foreground emissions that change smoothly and the redshifted 21cm signals that change fast in frequency space. Sometimes the large-scale variations make it difficult to extract information on small-scale fluctuations. We propose a simple technique to remove smoothly varying large-scale variations. Our technique relies on multi-point structure functions and can obtain the magnitudes of small-scale fluctuations. It can also help us to filter out large-scale variations and retrieve small-scale maps. We discuss applications of our technique to astrophysical observations.


Department of Microbiology and *Physiology, School of Medicine, **Department of Chemistry SoonchunhyangUniversity, 366-1 Ssangyoung-dong, Cheonan City, Chungnam, 330-090, Korea(2007 12 4 : 2007 12 10 )Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nano powders were synthesized usingthe microwave-assisted synthesis process dependent on pH and microwave irradiation time. The average sizeof a powder was less than 100 nm in diameter. Through in-vitro cytotoxicity tests by an extract dilutionmethod, the HAp and BCP nano powders have shown to be cytocompatible for L-929 fibroblast cells, osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and osteoclast-like Raw 264.7 cells. The activation of osteoblast was estimated by alkalinephosphatase (ALP) activity. When the HAp and BCP were treated to MG-63 cells, alkaline phosphataseactivities increased on day 3, compared with those of the untreated cells. Also, the collagen fibers increasedwhen the HAp and BCP powders suspension were treated to MG-63 cells, compared to those of the untreatedcells. Quantitative alizarin red S mineralization assays showed a trend toward increasing mineralization inosteoblast cultured with powder suspension. In conclusion, hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphateappeared to be a bone graft substitute material with optimal biocompatibility and could be further applied toclinical use as an artificial bone graft substitute.Key wordsHydroxyapatite , Biphasic calcium phosphate, Microwave, Biocompatibility.


An antenna device according to an embodiment includes a dielectric substrate, a housing, and an interference prevention unit. On the top surface side of the dielectric substrate, a plurality of antennas is formed, and on the bottom surface side, a ground is formed, each as a conductive thin film pattern, respectively. The housing is formed of a conductive material, and formed to have a shape configured to function as a waveguide, and the top surface side of the housing is bonded to the bottom surface side of the dielectric substrate. The interference prevention unit is formed between the neighboring antennas to include at least a groove provided on the top surface side of the housing and a slit provided on the ground in the portion corresponding to the groove.


Objective
To detect the levels of procalcitonin in multiple genes autoinflammatory disease (adult Still disease, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, crohn's Crohn's disease), and to explore the relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR/CRP and disease or complicated infection combined disease.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-three patients were en-rolled, 88 patients with multiple genes autoinflammatory disease, including 32 cases of adult Still disease, 27 cases of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 29 cases of Crohn's disease. In addition, 30 cases of healthy controls, 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were included into this study. Electroche-miluminescence was used to test the value of serum PCT, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was tested by blood sedimentation instrument method, the CRP level was tested by lmmunoturbidimetry, and the data was handed managed and analysised by matlab software and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of PCTs between groups.

Results
① In the non-infection condition, the PCT value of the autoimmune inflammatory diseases [(0.36±0.74) μg/L, 95%confidence interval(CI) (0.174 9, 0.550 9) μg/L)] was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group [(0.06±0.06) μg/L, 95%CI(0.035 1, 0.081 7 μg/L)], the difference was statistically significant (F=5.03, P=0.027 4), but there was no statistically significant (F=1.03, P=0.475 5) when comparing with SLE group. ② The PCT level of the non-infected inflammatory enteric arthritis [(0.20±0.32), 95%CI(0.042 7, 0.364 3) μg/L] was different compared with the healthy group, the difference was statistically significant (F=5.77, P=0.020 4), at the same time, the difference was not statistically significant when comparing with the SLE group (F=0.22, P=0.647 6). When the PCT value in non-infected adults Still disease [(0.60±1.02) 95%CI(0.048 4, 1.153 6) μg/L] compared with the healthy group, the difference was statistically significant (F=7.22, P=0.01) but the difference was not statistically different when compared with the SLE group (F=2.65, P=0.114 3). The PCT level difference was statistically significant (F=2.23, P<0.01) when comparing infection-free juvenile idiopathic arthritis [(1.52±2.02) μg/L, 95%CI(0.054 8, 4.591 9) μg/L] and the healthy group, the difference was statistically significantly different (F=8.34, P=0.004 7) when com- pared with the PCT of the non-infected SLE group. ③ In the case of autoinflammatory diseases without infection, the 95%CI of ESR/CRP ratio was between 1.121 2 and 3.589 4. In the case of co-infection, the 95%CI of ESR/CRP ratio was between 1.502 2 and 8.718 8, so we considered autoimmune inflammatory diseases might had a high possibility of co-infection when the ESR/CRP ratio was higher than 3.5.

Conclusion
① The multiple genes autoinflammatory disease group has a higher value of PCT level than healthy controls even without infection. ② The mean and 95%CI range of PCT of the inflammatory bowel disease arthritis,adult Still disease and the juvenile id-iopathic arthritis is significantly higher than the healthy controls, partially higher than SLE group. In addition, the PCT level in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the highest. ③ In clinical, to estimate whether the multiple genes autoinflammatory disease has bacterial infection, we can't just simply rely on PCT to estimate whether the multiple genes autoinflammatory disease has bacterial infection, we may consider the ratio of the ESR/CRP, when the value is higher than 3.5, we may consider patients has strong probability with infection.

Key words:
Auto inflammatory diseases; Procalcitonin; Still disease, adult-onset; Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Crohn's disease


(min,+) convolution is the key operation in (min,+) algebra, a theory often used to compute performance bounds in real-time systems. As already observed in many works, its algorithm can be computationally expensive, due to the fact that: i) its complexity is superquadratic with respect to the size of the operands; ii) operands must be extended before starting its computation, and iii) said extension is tied to the least common multiple of the operand periods. In this paper, we leverage the isomorphism between (min,+) and (max,+) algebras to devise a new algorithm for (min,+) convolution, in which the need for operand extension is minimized. This algorithm is considerably faster than the ones known so far, and it allows us to reduce the computation times of (min,+) convolution by orders of magnitude.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of an information aid (IA) on doctor's knowledge about the strengths and limitations of prostate‐specific antigen/digital rectal examination (PSA/DRE) testing, and to help doctors make better and more informed decisions about prostate cancer screening.


This chapter summarizes the conclusions of the previous two chapters and notes that the Gospel of John contains core elements of the Semeia 14 "master-paradigm" of an apocalypse. Even though the Gospel contains similar elements of form, content, and function, it is not an apocalypse. The manner of revelation (i.e., an otherworldly mediator disclosing heavenly revelation to a human recipient) draws attention to John's similarity to Jewish apocalypses, but ironically, these form elements contain striking differences. For example, John has visual revelation, yet lacks visions, and John's otherworldly mediator is also a human, is one with God, and is the content of the revelation. The Gospel has multiple human recipients even though the beloved disciple is the privileged recipient of revelation. Although John does not participate in the genre of apocalypse, it is a gospel that is shaped by the genre of apocalypse. It is a gospel with an apocalyptic mode.


Introduction: A complete cast crown seated with good marginal and occlusal adaptation is very important for the health of the stomatognathic system. The cementation that prevents the complete crown seating is affected by cementation pressure, duration of cementation, powder/liquid ratio of the cement, preparation dimensions, type of cement, occlusal perforations, die spacers, and relief of the internal crown surface have been related to the film thickness. Aims and objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of venting on marginal adaptation of the complete cast crown. Methodology: Twenty complete cast crowns were fabricated from a 8mm wide and 6mm high stainless steel die with shoulder preparation approximating the volume of a molar crown preparation. Twenty direct dies were fabricated by vibrating autopolymerising resin into complete cast crowns (McCune's direct die fabrication technique). Ten crowns were vented and ten left unvented. The vented and nonvented crowns were cemented onto the Duralay dies. The Duralay dies with cemented crowns were sectioned with diamond discs. Reflecting microscope was used to measure the mid margin cement space thickness. Results: The mean of the marginal opening of unvented complete cast crowns is 0.124mm with standard deviation of 0.055 while as the mean of the marginal opening of vented complete cast crowns is 0.067mm with standard deviation of 0.033. The students paired ttest was used to compare the marginal adaptation of vented versus non vented complete crowns at p value of 0.01.


Many real world complex systems can be modeled as networks, i.e. graphs. A key approach to network analysis is community detection. Early work in community detection methods focused on a single network, whereas in most applications networks may be time dependent or may have multiple types of edges relating the nodes. Recently, multi-layer networks that incorporate multiple channels of connectivity have been introduced to represent such complex systems. In this paper, we focus on multi-layer temporal networks. A temporal block spectral clustering approach is proposed to detect and track the community structure across time. In this approach, both the connections between nodes of the network within a time window, i.e. intralayer adjacency, as well as the connections between nodes across different time windows, i.e. inter-layer adjacency are taken into account. The proposed framework is evaluated on both simulated and resting state fMRI data.


This paper reports a new strategy for chemical mechanism analysis in tropospheric chemistry taking the very complex gas-phase oxidation of toluene as an example. OH radical balance and ozone formation were investigated under particular consideration of the different oxidation pathways of the hydrocarbon. The tasks performed were referred to a smog chamber experiment carried out in the European photoreactor EUPHORE in Valencia, Spain. The paper content is appropriate for publication in ACP. The, mostly theoretical, work is of high quality. The way of system analysis regarding OH radical balance as well as ozone formation presented in this manuscript offers interesting information on the reaction mechanism treated and can be easily adapted to


Requirements symbolise the need or the set of needs for triggering the development process of the system. The system developed must follow the law of the requirements. Capturing the requirements of a system is a challenge. It is both subjective and objective process. The realistic and comprehensive requirements should be evolved as early as possible during the development cycle of the system. Many a times, it may not be possible to freeze the requirements in a single cycle. This may require a number of iterations. A template has been evolved for speeding up the capturing process of requirements. Requirements analysis spiral (RAS) developed helps in evolving the requirements. The development of the system or the produkt cannot wait till the requirements have matured, and further, it is also an evolving process. Therefore, continual models of the system have to be developed for achieving the maturity of the system. RAS can be used to freeze the requirements for the initial model and the subsequent models till the maturity of the system is achieved, both in terms of requirements and quality. The paper illustrates the application of RAS for evolving the frozen and matured requirements through a case study.


To reduce the effects of various error factors and improve the pointing precision, a star sensor error calibration algorithm was presented. Based on analysis and generalizing the typical error of star sensor, the ideal and real model of star sensor were constructed. The calibration errors such as the bore-sight offsets, inaccurate focal length of optical system, plane tilt and rotating of focal plane, and optical lens distortion etc, which were separated by the least squares optimal estimation method and the principal of star distance invariability in star catalog. The simulation results indicate that the error caused by not having an ideal model and calibration of the optics could be estimated, the calibration accuracy is improved.


Without any doubt, management is a very necessary subject in any type of organization where the pre-planned aim is impossible to achieve if there is no appropriate management. In Management different tasks are performed with the effort of many employees. There are many different types of management theories which are divided into situational, classical, and behavioral theories. The well-known classical management theories are of three types i.e. ( administrative, scientific, and bureaucratic) have been talked about in this particular paper. The management theory of science (with respect to some other type of factors) are the main and important demand for the managers of any company or an organization, in order to deal with many other challenges so that it can show negative and positive outcomes for management type of theories with the respective science of management and definitely also with the managers. Some of the common characteristics of the classical type of management theory are series of management of authoritarian style, commands, and forecasting of behavior. In spite of these types of facts, these theories are out of date, different shapes of these types of theories are executed in many countries.


The development of a new Q‐plasma source is described. Emphasis is given to the novel parts of the system which have been designed to produce long term, constant density plasmas with low fluctuation levels, as well as long machine operation time. Relevant plasma parameters are obtained by laser induced fluorescence which is used as a diagnostic on the barium plasma. Plasma densities are in the range of 108 cm−3 to 1011 cm−3, with an electron temperature of about 0.2 eV, and a perpendicular ion temperature of the same magnitude. The parallel ion temperature is one half the perpendicular value.


Making the comparison with the conventional skid-mounted indirect-fired heater,a new type ones is presented with detailed introduction of process,research and development procedure,technical features.It is useful to the heater design and application in similar working condition.


_____________________________________________________ III Preface ________________________________________________________ V TABLE OF CONTENTS________________________________________VII Table of Appendices ___________________________________________ XIV Table of Figures _______________________________________________ XV Table of Plates_______________________________________________XVIII Table of Tables _______________________________________________ XIX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS____________________________________XXIII Abbreviations ______________________________________________ XXVII Glossary__________________________________________________ XXVIII General Introduction _____________________________________________ 1 Part 1 _________________________________________________________ 17 THE STUDY OF VALUES AND THE FAMILY_____________________ 17 THEORIES AND METHODS ____________________________________ 17 Chapter One ___________________________________________________ 18 VALUES AS CULTURAL HERITAGE ____________________________ 18 Concept, Theory and Subject matter _____________________________ 18 A. The Study of Values_________________________________________ 18 1. Concept, Theory and Subject matter ___________________________ 18


Groundwater contamination is a ubiquitous problem, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Groundwater vulnerability assessment is an effective tool that provides information about the status of groundwater and potential contaminants. This approach helps in groundwater conservation and management. This study conducted an intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment to anthropogenic contamination in Kasihan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research delineated the spatial distribution of physicochemical properties of groundwater and analysed land-use patterns. This study was conducted based on Groundwater confinement, Overlying materials and Depth to groundwater table (GOD) method. The GOD method was applied to assess the intrinsic properties of the geology and hydrogeology of the study area. Secondary land use data were analysed using GIS software to determine major anthropogenic activities in the research area. Land use and cover analysis of the study area indicated a rapid development including settlement, agricultural and industrial facilities. Groundwater vulnerability assessment showed medium to high classes. These findings suggest a high probability of contamination at present and in the future. Thus, future researchers should assess the groundwater quality of Kasihan based on specific vulnerability using groundwater flow and mass transport modelling because the investigated area is highly susceptible to pollutants.


This essay performs a speculative ethics in designing with a researcher's own bodily fluids. This is through the creation of "performative texts", which are autoethnographic accounts of past experiences in which written words perform through visual and spatial compositions alongside verbal readings aloud. I present three performative texts about moments of discomfort in designing with milk from my own breastfeeding relationship. They are to reflect upon felt experiences of potential harm and to understand social and material relations of care. From these I offer three possibilities for how HCI might consider the ethics of first-person research in attending to more-than-human entanglements: unsafe spaces, situated escapes, and censored inclusion. These possibilities and the approach of performative texts contribute to research for more sustainable futures by exploring the decentering of humans through an intimate engagement with the self.


Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, there has been a growing interest in sensory processing in autism as a core phenotype. However, basic questions remain unanswered. Here, we review the major findings and models of perception in autism and point to methodological issues that have led to conflicting results. We show that popular models of perception in autism, such as the reduced prior hypothesis, cannot explain the many and varied findings. To resolve these issues, we point to the benefits of using rigorous psychophysical methods to study perception in autism. We advocate for perceptual models that provide a detailed explanation of behavior while also taking into account factors such as context, learning, and attention. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of tracking changes over the course of development to reveal the causal pathways and compensatory mechanisms. Finally, we propose a developmental perceptual narrowing account of the condition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 8 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Reactions of bisazo-derivatives of chromotropic acid with a number of elements were studied. It was established that the selectivity of the reagents, as well as contrast of the reactions and stability of complexes formed, to a large degree are determined by the nature of the acid radical, which is in an ortho-position to the azogroup, and by the nature of derivatives, which are in meta-positions to the azogroup. The most interesting reactions give the reagents containing the following functional-analytical groupings: o-arsono-o, hydroxyazogroup (Th, U, TR, Pa, Z r), o-sulfo-o' -hydroxyazogroup (Ba, Sr, Me(I)), o,o' -dihydroxyazogroup (Nb, Zr, Sc, Te), o-phosphono-o'-hydroxyazogroup (U, Sc). Arsenazo III (reagent No. 4) is recommended for the determination of Th, U, Zr, TR, and a number of other elements, and other reagents are recommended for Ba, Sr, Nb, Zr, and Hf. The reagents of this class are highly sensitive and their reaction products are contrasting; it is possible to work in acid media, and they are highly selective when elements forming polynuclear cations are determined. (auth)


It is pointed out that a space camera should be integrated designed of structural,thermal and optical analysis,and the representative integration design analysis flow introduced subsequently.Based on the research of characteristic of space camera,the integration design of structural,thermal and optical analysis flow is established especially.The integration design and the objects optimization items are elucidated.The experiments about integration design analysis are summarized.After that the temperature field interpolation method or boundary element method and Zernike polynomial fitting method are brought forward as two key technologies of integrated analysis of space camera,the former is the means putting temperature load educed from thermal analysis on FE model in the process of thermal-elastic analysis and the latter is the main resolve method of structural-to-optical data translator of integrated analysis.Finally some important problems in integrated analysis are summarized.


Affirming that all theologians must work with presuppositions, he seeks to show that, in the work of each of the writers studied, these presuppositions distort the truth of Scripture, and that they also render impossible the proper task of systematic theology. It is a brave attempt, to which no brief review can do justice. The relevant presuppositions are divided into two classes, each writer being considered in turn in respect to, firstly, his ' anthropological ' presuppositions (his concept of man and his situation) and secondly his ' hermeneutical ' presuppositions (his understanding of what the New Testament is and how it is to be read). Incidentally, this method of


The rapid development of radio during the past twenty years as ~ medium fo~ advertising and public education opens an Important field of research to obtain accurate information about its possibilities and limitations. To those who are interested in or affected by the economic, educational, sociological, and political implications of radio in contr.ast to the printed page, the author contributes some very enlightening discoveries which are substantiated by facts from well-directed field research. The introduction to the book points out that upon our ability to find new ways for the formation and expression of public will .and opinion without impairing our democratic form of government may depend the future of democracy. In addition, further cultural developments in the United States and decrease in illiteracy depend upon the use of a medium which can increase the scope of serious responses in the American people beyond that so far achieved by print. . A critical examination of the potentials of radio as such a medium compared with the printed page, brings answers to ~any questions about radio such as: the seriousness of radio listening on different cultural levels; the reasons why people like a program; how the technique of building radio audiences is applied; the relationship of reading skill and radio listening; the reasons why peop~e prefer radio to prin~, analyze? by economic status, reading habits, sex differences, and cultural levels' the accessibility of radio to , , the population; the effects of radio ~p~n newspaper circulation; the effect of radio In promoting reading; the so~i~l conse9?ences of radio; and the competitive POSition of radio and print. The author's statements and conclusions are based upon field research, are illustrated amply by charts and diagrams, and are presented in such a readable and well-organized manner that his findings should gain the interest of those in the fields of education, government, sociology, marketing and advertising. JOHN F. MEE Indiana University PRICE BEHAVIOR AND BUSINESS POLICY, by Saul Nelson, Walter G. Keim and others. THE JOURNAL OF MARKETING


The purpose of an engine-controlled traction control system (TCS) is to regulate engine torque in order to keep the driven wheel slip in a desired range. Engine torque can be regulated by a throttle valve. In this paper, the engine-controlled TCS based on an engine model and estimated load torque by a Luenberger observer is proposed. For this control scheme, the engine model is required for a model-based controller design using sliding mode control. The engine torque controller determines the throttle angle for maintaining the desired manifold pressure to generate engine torque corresponding to the desired wheel torque. Since the load torque is composed of multiple external sources such as friction force, drag force, mechanical losses, and others, load torque estimation is required. The simulation results to various manoeuvres during slippery and split road conditions have showed better acceleration performance and stability of the vehicle with TCS. In addition, the load torque observer has estimated real load torque with little error.


Mapping virtual process topology to physical processor topology is one of the most important design issues in parallel programming. However, the mapping problem is complicated due to the topology irregularity and routing complexity. This paper proposes a new process mapping scheme called adjacency-based mapping (AM) for irregular cluster systems assuming that the two-dimensional mesh process topology is specified as an interprocess communication pattern. The cluster systems have been studied and developed for many years since they provide high interconnection flexibility, scalability, and expandability which are not attainable in traditional regular networks. The proposed AM tries to map neighboring processes in virtual process topology to adjacent processors in physical processor topology. Simulation study shows that the proposed AM results in better mapping quality and shorter interprocess latency compared to the conventional approaches.


Background: Patients with asthma present increased inspiratory muscle work, especially during exercise. Aim: To evaluate the effects of Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on lung function, inspiratory endurance and functional capacity in patients with asthma. Methods: Double-blind control design. Ten patients (four males, 43±11 years) with controlled mild-severe asthma were randomised in two groups [IMT group (IMT-G) and controls (CG)]. Both received two educational sessions on asthma care. IMT-G used PowerBreathe® to perform IMT with a minimum load of 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) weekly adjusted, six sets of 30 breaths/day, five days/week. Lung function, MIP, inspiratory endurance and functional capacity (Shuttle test) were assessed at baseline and after eight weeks. ANOVA 2x2 with post-hoc LSD was used for comparisons, α=0.05. Results: Improvements were significant higher (p 2 0 [88% (IMT-G) vs 19% (CG)] and work-J [486% (IMT-G) vs 28% (CG)]. Significant differences between groups were found in number of breaths [31±28 to 96±21 (IMT-G) vs 25±9 to 25±9 (CG); p=0.008] and time-s [214±150 to 511±146 (IMT-G) vs 205±43 to 192±57 (CG); p=0.040] during inspiratory endurance test. No significant differences were observed in lung function and functional capacity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that inspiratory muscle training can improve inspiratory endurance and time to fatigue in patients with asthma. Partially suported by: CAPES, CNPq and FAPEMIG - Brazilian agencies.


Thelazia anolabiata (Molin, 1860) Raillet & Henry, 1910, parasite of eyes of birds, is reported in s new host, Ortalis canicolis pantanalensis Cher & Reich from Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul State; T. digitata Travassos, 1918 and T. lutzi Travassos, 1918 are considered its synonyms.


Abstract Background Sweltsa is a genus of green stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae and is distributed throughout the Nearctic and East Palaearctic Regions. As they are sensitive to pollutants, they are often used as an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. There are around 57 species of this genus worldwide and 11 of those have been identified from China. New information A new species of the Alloperlini genus Sweltsa Ricker, 1943, Sweltsaligula Rehman, Huo & Du sp. n. is described from Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, southwest China. This is the first report of the family Chloroperlidae from Guizhou Province. Diagnosis, description of male, female and nymph, illustration of terminalia and similarities with closely-related species are provided and discussed.


Road networks can be considered local public goods. Hence, if they are to be efficient social choices from an economic perspective, their spatial benefit incidence should be equal to their cost burden in each region. An analysis of benefit incidence should consider not only a usual scenario but also a disaster scenario because the redundancy effect is expected to reduce the amount of economic damage incurred during a disaster. The authors' research group has developed a spatial computable general equilibrium model (RAEM-Light) that can be applied to small spatial regions. The RAEM-Light model was used to analyze the benefit incidence in the development and maintenance stages of proposed road networks under a usual and a disaster scenario. The spatial incidence of the economic effect of road investment differs between the usual and the disaster scenarios for both the development and maintenance stages. As Japan becomes more decentralized, it will become more important to determine the optimum allocation of the road-network cost burden among local governments, taking into account differences in the spatial benefit incidence at each stage and in each scenario. However, to minimize the economic losses incurred by a disaster such as the Tohoku earthquake (March 11, 2011), more centralized decision making may be necessary, although this is not efficient social choice from an economic perspective.


The purpose of this study was to determine the how technology addiction affects social anxiety in adolescent girls. Sample of this correlational descriptive study was conducted with 635 female students determined by power analysis in five high schools located in a province. The data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and Technology Addiction Scale. Total mean score of the adolescent girls was found to be 50.52±20.47 for technology addiction and 41.98±13.71 for social anxiety. It was determined that technology addiction and social anxiety of the adolescent girls were moderate. There was a positive correlation between total mean score of technology addiction and total mean score of social anxiety (p=0.00, r=0.20). In the study, it can be said that as social anxiety increases, technology addiction increases, or as technology addiction increases, social anxiety also increases. It can be recommended for psychiatric nurses to provide necessary trainings to reduce technology addiction and social anxiety and to develop methods for coping with social anxiety in secondary education institutions.


At the beginning of the 21st century philosophy is increasingly concerned with understanding the relationship of humanity and of the second nature – technosphere created by humans and compared in mass with the remains of the living matter on the planet. The philosophy of social and technological development of the world and the formation of the technosphere allows us to analyze the changing nature of modern natural and biological processes in the biosphere. The climatic factor plays an important role in changing the biosphere, but it is not decisive in the modern growing transformation of life on the Earth. Nowadays the interconnected social and technological transformation of the world and the degradation of the biosphere are in the forefront. This results in changing the biospheric and biological evolution of life for the artificial postbiospheric life without the biosphere as a self-developing system. Scientific and philosophical understanding of evolutionary processes allows us to identify new approaches to the industrial development of the world and their role in maintaining life processes, including such areas as cottages and gardens in urban households. The paper deals with the radical measures which new philosophy is to solve in conjunction with many sciences to overcome the ecobiospheric disaster our planet is facing in the near future, which can lead to the destruction of the biospheric life and its transformation into a global artificial nonliving world.


This paper is a tutorial on time series forecasting methods. It provides a brief survey of time series forecasting tools in the SAS System , principally in SAS/ETS® software.


In order to develop economical production process from metallurgical grade silicon to solar grade, the thermodynamics for elimination of boron, which is the most difficult impurity, in molten silicon were investigated by applying the SiO2-saturated NaO0.5-CaO-SiO2 flux system. Distribution ratio of boron between the flux and molten silicon defined by {(mass% of B in flux) / [mass% of B in silicon]} was measured at 1,723 and 1,773 K as a function of flux composition.The basicity and viscosity of the flux have a dramatic effect on the distribution behavior of boron. The maximum value of the distribution ratio of boron obtained in the present study is larger than the ones between the flux containing various alkaline-earth metal oxides and molten silicon. The obtained distribution ratio is, however, so small value (single order) that this flux treatment process cannot be directly applied to practical operation.Based on the results obtained, it was found out that there is the possibility of boron being efficiently removed from molten metallurgical grade silicon by the oxygen gas injection method using basic flux for as short operating time as possible, which can establish high basicity of flux and high oxygen partial pressure at a flux-silicon interface.


The sources of availability of vibration computer programs are listed and reviewed. These include both commercial and public sources, ranging from commercial software houses to users groups. Also, sources of information scruitinizing and surveying vibration software are presented. A major review periodical is the Structural Mechanics Software Series [University Press of Virginia, Box 3608. Charlottesville, VA 22903], which appears anually. Also discussed are recent trends in vibration software development. Special attention is given to the role of the minicomputer and microprocessor. [Work supported by ONR.]


Professional satisfaction and personal motivation are key elements for a good team of employees within any organization. Based on these assumptions, the objective of this work was to understand and describe variables that impact on the professional satisfaction and performance of employees with the cash function in the Cresol Cooperative. To obtain this information, a questionnaire was searched, so that the answers were qualitative and quantitative, among all the employees with the cash function. It was verified that the organizational climate was one of the most cited aspects among the answers. The Cooperative has a good organizational climate in all its agencies, and its employees feel motivated and valued within it. The results of this study allowed to identify which variables influence the professional satisfaction and also to demonstrate the points that the organization needs to improve.