This course is a survey of psychological theory and research investigating religious beliefs, experiences, and practices. We will focus on those parts of the religious life that can be described and understood from a psychological perspective. We will attempt to explore the psychology of universal religion, although we will not comprehensively survey the beliefs and practices of different religious traditions. Also, we will not be attempting to prove or disprove religious claims. Instead, our main focus will be on the psychological elements of religious life.


Investigations have been carried out on the endothelial damage produced by diatrizoate (Angiografin) during the course of endotoxin shock. A single injection was given directly into the aorta of 1 ml of the contrast medium, with an iodine content of 300 mg/ml. The increased proliferation of the aortic endothelium could be shown to be due to the endotoxin shock, but was not further increased by administration of the contrast medium.


In order to make clear the effects of modified-phenolic on the tribological properties, three kinds of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic friction materials (cashew-modified phenolic, boron-modified phenolic and chemigum-modified phenolic) were fabricated with the ethyl alcohol as the solvent by vacuum filtration. The tribological properties of samples were studied by the QM1000-II wet friction performance tester. The scanning electron microscope was employed to analyze the micro topography of specimens. Results show that the dynamic friction coefficient and variable coefficient of cashew-modified phenolic friction materials are better than other two materials. The temperature is the most stable during the continuous engagements. The friction torque curve is the smoothest and most symmetrical. Thus, the comprehensive performance of cashew-modified phenolic friction materials is excellent.


Abstract The essential oil of Eugenia nitida Camb. was obtained from the fresh leaves by hydrodistillation. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 30 compounds were identified. The major components found in the oil were germacrene D-4-ol (9.8%), γ-elemene (8.0%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%),β-selinene (4.4%), γ-muurolene (4.1%), valencene (3-9%), epi-α-cadinol (2.9%), selin-ll-en-4α-ol (2.8%), δ-cadinene (2.8%), α-cadinol (2.7%), selin-3,7(11)-diene (2.4%) and β-eudesmol (2.1%).


Photoelectric observations of ξ Aur during the 1979-1980 eclipse were obtained at the Xing-Long Station of Beijing Observatory with the 60-cm reflector and its photometer from Nov. 17, 1979. The observations were made in six narrow-band and the standard UBV systems. The central wavelengths of the narrow-hand filters are in AA 3520, 3940, 4240, 5020, 6595 w and 6560 n A, respectively. The light curves were shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. The second and third contact points were determined well from them. The moment of the mid-eclipse obtained turns out to be hel. J. D. 2444219. 643. The new formula for the moments of minima is Min.=J. D. 2444219. 643+972. 176 B. The photometric feature of the narrowband λ 3940 is consistent with that of spectroscopic observations of CaII K line. The photoelectric observations in λ 6595 w and 6560 n during totality indicate that it seems to be a pulsation, the period of which is several decades minutes. The values of our V, B-V and U-B for ξ Aur are in agreement with other observers'.


Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Zn and Cu were determinated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry in nine lichen species of the Sul-Mato-Grossense cerrado. The average metal ion concentrations varied in the following ranges: Fe, 248.41-1568.01; Mn, 98.50-397.33; Co, 10.08-24.81; Cr, 18.24-44.26; Zn, 14.62-34.79 and Cu, 3.23-7.57 mg kg-1. Statistical analysis (Pearson and Cluster) applied to the metal ion concentrations indicated that the accumulation of these ions can be due to several anthropogenic sources including agricultural activities, mineral exploration, biomass burning, soil mineral composition and leather tanning processes by chromium.


During the model experiment we exposed samples from surface layer of leached chernozem, grey forest and soddy-podzolic soils to study the impact of raindrop action on their surface. According to our results, surface of leached chernozem and grey forest soil transformed similarly forming the crust separated by the cracks. The crust consisted of light (washed silt fraction) and dark (compacted fine material) areas. As for the soddy-podzilic soil, we observed surface accumulation of sand and washed mineral grains. Surface image classification showed that cracks generally tended to increase in area during the surface drying. However, leached chernozem cracked quicker and heavier compared to grey forest soil. In addition, the proportion between light and dark areas of the crust for these two types of soil changed differently as well. In conditions of different transformation cycles divided by heavy rainfalls, the changes of cracks position and the increase of light crust area was observed, while dark area moved to the cracks. Such spatial rearrangement resulted in the increase of average reflectance in RGB channels. The inequality between reflectance in different channels increased as well. During the experiment significant surface lightening occurred. It mainly affected the light area of crust and led to significant rise in reflectance in red channel.


Empirical band structures and the imaginary part ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$ of the dielectric constant have been calculated for the alloys ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cd}}_{x}$ ($x=0.1, 0.2,\mathrm{and} 0.3$) using a combined interpolation scheme. The parameters were derived from those of pure Ag by applying a sinking-$s$-band and shrinking-$s$, $p$-gap model. The ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$ results reproduce the intensity and shape of the experimental data of Green and Muldawer.


We present a brief overview of the three dimensional (3D) formalism that is under development in our group. Using the 3D momentum eigenstates of the nucleon directly, instead of relying on the partial wave decomposition of operators involved in the calculations, allows us to use a very direct approach. This in turn enabled us to successfully tackle a large variety of few-body problems. Our calculation of the two nucleon (2N) transition operator and bound state can incorporate a very general form of the 2N potential. Calculations of the three nucleon (3N) bound state can include in addition to the 2N potential also a very general operator form of the 3N force. Recently the 3D formalism is also applied to processes that involve electro-weak probes [1, 2]. Carrying out these calculations for a wide spectrum of 2N and 3N potentials using the classical partial wave approach is unpractical due to the complicated spin structure of the operators. Using the 3D formalism, the calculations can be quickly adapted to test new models. 1 Formal ingredients The starting point for our calculations are operator forms of 2N and 3N operators and states, developed to take into account symmetry considerations. In these forms the operators and states are typically written as linear combinations of scalar functions and spin, isospin operators. Our first goal is to rewrite the fundamental equations that govern a particular few-body problem into a linear problem acting in a apace spanned by the scalar functions. The 2N potential has the general form [3]: 〈p′ | V̌ tmt | p〉 = 6


A bubble error rejecter, an analog digital converter including the same, and a method for rejecting a bubble error are provided to consider many codes when a thermometer code is corrected, by removing a bubble error through a plurality of voting parts. In a bubble error rejector, a primary voting part(260) outputs a plurality of primary correction codes by voting more than three adjacent first thermometer codes which are directly generated from an output signal of free amplifiers. A pair of secondary voting units(270,280) output a plurality of secondary correction codes by voting a plurality of secondary thermometer codes which is generated by interpolating the output signals of the free amplifiers.


In this study, theOlezoa stream in Yaounde was assessed todetermine the morphological structure of Chironomid genera that are present in the aquatic ecosystem. The biological analysis revealed a lowdiversity of larva andpupalexuviae. The tribe of Chironomini revealed 03 genera which are: Chironomus, Goeldichironomus and Nilothauma. The chironomidae developmental stages exhibit a variety of adaptations in polluted areas which could be: morphological, physiological and behavioral all of them occurring simultaneously within each developmental form and the different genera. Gelatinous egg masses which were found floating on the surface of water or attached to the aquatic vegetation of Obili Lake have an elongated- ribbon like shape. Each mass possesses an average of 50 ± 7 egg rows arranged linearly; with each egg row containing an average of 16.8 ± 1 eggs. Each egg has an oval shape with a characteristic brown colour. It measures between 4.32-4.96mm in length with an average length of 4.73±0.25mm in the samples assessed.


Results of ongoing research by The Gallup Organization have revealed that the average levels of employee engagement of the Australian workforce have not changed much over the last decade. Companies should now focus on wellbeing as their key strategy.


In different places Rudolf Carnap and Otto Neurath affirmed "a noteworthy agreement" and an "inner link" between their philosophy of science and political movements agitating for radical socio-economic change. Given the normative abstinence of Vienna Circle philosophy, indeed the metaethical commitments of its verificationism, this claim presents a major interpretive challenge that is only heightened when Neurath's engagement for the socialization of national economies is taken into account. It is argued here that Carnap's and Neurath's positions are saved from inconsistency once some careful distinctions are understood and it is recognized that they, together with the other members of the Circle, adhered to an epistemic norm here called "intersubjective accountability."


Three species of nonmammalian nervous tissue (frog, snake and turtle) failed to elicit experimental encephalomyelitis in the Hartley guinea pig, in contrast to the known and demonstrable paralytogenic activity of rabbit brain for this host.
 Both mammalian (rabbit) and nonmammalian (frog, snake and turtle) nervous tissues stimulated the production of CF antibrain antibodies in rabbits. Such antibodies cross reacted with and could be absorbed by either mammalian or nonmammalian brain. Thus, it is concluded that the CF antibrain antibodies are stimulated by at least one antigenic component common to both mammalian and nonmammalian nervous tissue.
 Both mammalian and nonmammalian brain tissues elicited CF antibodies; only mammalian brain produced paralysis. Thus, these CF antibrain antibodies appear to be directed against an antigen(s) of a nonparalytic character and would appear to play no direct role in initiating encephalopathy.


Objective:To investigate the effects of fosinopril on the cardiac myocte apoptosis and the Bcl 2 gene as well as Bax gene expression of cardiac myocyte of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR). Method: 1.The ratio of SHR left ventricular weight vs body weight was regarded as the index of left ventricular weight; 2.①Tdt mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to show the incidence of cardiac myocyte apoptosis of ventricular tissues in situ. ②DNA electrophoresis was used to research the DNA ladder phenomenon of left ventricular tissue. ③ In situ hybridization method was used to investigate the expression change of Bcl 2 and Bax gene of cardiac myocyte in left ventricle.Results: 1.Forsinopril can significantly reduced the left ventricular weight index from 3.31 ± 0.17 to 2.56 ± 0.25 , P 0.05 , n=6. 2.Forsinopril decreased the incidence of cardiac myocyte apoptosis from (214 ±28) to (54±11) nuclei/10 5 cells (P 0.01 , n=6), and forsinopril inhibitated the genomic DNA cut by the DNAse I significantly. 3.①Forsinopril increased the integral photic density of Bcl 2 gene expression vs Bax gene expression. Conclusion: Fosinopril effectively inhibits left ventricular remodeling of SHR, and the effects of forsinopril on Bcl 2 and Bax gene expression can contribute to its role of reducing cardiac myocyte apoptosis during ventricular remodeling of SHR.


The design of decentralized integral tuning regulators (DTR) for unknown MIMO linear time-invariant plants is considered. It is assumed that the DC gain matrix A of the plant can be measured. Then, given A, an algorithm for determining a sequence for implementing and adjusting the local controllers is presented. The sequence is chosen so that the sensitivities of the critical poles (with respect to the tuning parameters) introduced by the integral controllers have a desired minimum magnitude with respect to the tuning parameter. The algorithm can also be used to calculate the static precompensators for the subsystems. Tuning is made automatic by means of an autotuner. This results in a fully automated DTR synthesis procedure.<<ETX>>


Students' critical thinking skills can be formed through guidance in the learning process. For this reason, teachers should be aware of the development of their students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to develop a valid, effective and practical evaluation instrument on work and energy subject. The research used a 4-D model which includes the stages of defining, designing, developing and defining. The results are in the form of an essay test instrument with a subject validation value of 42 (very good/valid) and design validation obtained a value of 57 (very good/valid). Limited trials achieved a score of 54 (very practical). Field trials on 29 students recorded 15 students in the category of having good and very good critical thinking skills and 14 students having less critical thinking skills. The trial results show an increase in students' critical thinking skills using guided discovery learning models. The resulted evaluation instrument is categorized as valid, effective, and practical to be used to measure students' critical thinking skills.


The discrepancy between calculated and measured oil film coefficients of a plain journal bearing, especially in the region of high eccentricity ratio, has been addressed by various approaches (e.g., THD analysis). Judging from previous reports, these efforts to explain the causes of such a discrepancy are insufficient. In this work, we studied the relationship between the bearing oil film dynamic characteristics and the boundary condition for oil film pressure generation. The results indicate that on assuming the squeeze oil film pressure effect is effective only when the rotor shaft approaches the bearing metal, the damping coefficients more closely match the experimental values than the conventionally calculated values.


Our content analysis of 333 campaign stories broadcast by ABC, CBS, and NBC during the 2000 presidential campaign found that reporting staff diversity, specifically the presence of women and minority reporters, was related to more diverse source usage. Stories by women and minority reporters were more likely to use and give time to women and minority noncandidate sources than did stories by male and White reporters. Women and minority reporters also gave more story attention and time to sources such as experts and ordinary people.


North Carolina will face enormous challenges in the years to come as it prepares to meet the service needs of older adults and people with disabilities. By 2030, about 25% of the state's population will be over age 60, dramatically affecting the resources required to meet the needs of an older population. 1 Along with the projected growth of older North Carolinians, their increasing ethnic and racial diversity, rural living and poverty, the aging of individuals with physical and mental disabilities, and the slowed economy all create major challenges. Yet these challenges also present opportunities to find better, more efficient, and creative ways to meet the growing demands. North Carolina has long been aware of the growing long-term service challenge. In 1981, the General Assembly established a long-term care policy (NCGS 143B-181.5) to address these issues. While recognizing family and friends as the primary resource for long-term care, the policy acknowledged that "the public interest would best be served by a broad array of long-term care services that support persons who need such services in the home or community whenever practicable." In 1999, the General Assembly asked the Secretary of the Department of


In the context of global changes, nature-based solutions (NBSs) increasingly draw attention as a possible way to reduce disaster risk associated with extreme hydro-meteorological events while providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits at the same time. The PHUSICOS platform is dedicated to gather and analyse relevant NBSs used to reduce disaster risk associated with extreme hydro-meteorological events in mountainous and hilly lands. To design the platform, an in-depth review of 11 existing platforms has been performed. The PHUSICOS platform currently references 152 literature NBS cases and is continuously enriched through the contribution of NBS community. The platform also proposes a qualitative assessment of the NBSs collected according to 15 criteria related with five ambits: "disaster risk reduction", "technical and economical feasibility", "environment", "society", and "local economy". This paper presents the structure of the platform and a first analysis of its content.


Analyzing the status of the teacher-student relationship in oral English teaching at higher vocational college,the author focuses on the combination of the orientation of teacher-students relationship with oral English teaching.Rational orientation of teacher-students relationship and exploration of the mode of oral English teaching can help students use what they have learned.This kind of teaching can be done in real language environments and help to train students' ability of expression in English in a fluent and correct way.


Analysis of precipitation aggressiveness and concentration in Venezuela. IV. Los Andes Region The distribution and aggressiveness of the precipitation in Los Andes region of Venezuela was evaluated by analyzing monthly precipitation data from 56 meteorological stations. The modified Fournier index (FMI) and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were calculated to assess rain aggressiveness and rain distribution, respectively. The index values were analyzed using univariate and geostatistical analysis adjusting semivariograms to theoretical models. For mapping of the spatial distribution of indices punctual kriging interpolation method was carried out, generating the appropriate file, which was finally edited in ArcView. The results pointed out that the region under study has high and very high rainfall aggressiveness over 70% of the entire territory, while the distribution of rainfall was moderately seasonal. Rainfall aggressiveness, in combination with the predominance of a sloped relief increases the risks of soil degradation, with the annual rainfall ranging from 500 to 3900 mm. In this sense, soil conservation practices should be considered on existing crop production systems in the evaluated region.


It is often argued that elections in established Western European democracies have become more unstable during recent decades. Much scholarly work has thus focused on the study of changes in election results in order to understand the causes of this apparent increase. In doing so, volatility has been usually associated with voter instability, but the individual-level mechanisms of electoral change have been subject to very scarce research. This thesis is an attempt to shed more light on this providing a comparative account with data from dozens of elections in six Western European countries. It first investigates how and to what extent different types of behavior translate into changes in election results. Findings show that most of the volatility is caused by the action of switching voters. Due to the presence of cancelling out, the relationship between the proportion of switchers and volatility is, however, far from perfect, although it can be approximated by introducing some of the variables that intervene in the translation of switching into net change. The second part of the thesis focuses on vote-switching and provides two main findings. First, inertia molds voters' preferences and impacts on their subsequent behavior, which explains why most of the switching that takes place in elections is produced by young adults. Second, variations in the number of switchers across elections tend to be caused by the impact of short-term factors in the form of cyclical peaks. These peaks are usually followed by subsequent periods of stability. Sometimes, however, volatility produces changes in the terms of competition and generates a new equilibrium in the number of switchers at subsequent elections. This seems to be the reason why Western European voters appear more unstable in recent decades.


2 The low levels of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on erythrocytes in autoimmune diseases and AIDS may be due to accelerated loss in the circulation, or to a diminished expression of CR1 on the red cell lineage. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of CR1 on reticulocytes (R) vs erythrocytes (E). Healthy subjects had a significant higher CR1 number per cell on R (919 6 99 CR1/cell) than on E (279 6 30 CR1/cell, n 5 23), which corresponded to a 3.5- 6 1.3-fold loss of CR1. This intravascular loss was confirmed by FACS analysis, which showed that all R expressed CR1, whereas a large fraction of E was negative. The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), HIV-infected, and cold hemolytic Ab disease (CHAD) patients had a CR1 number on R identical to the healthy subjects, contrasting with a lower CR1 on their E. The data indicated a significantly higher loss of CR1 in the three diseases, i.e., 7.0- 6 3.8-, 6.1- 6 2.9-, and 9.6- 6 5.6-fold, respectively. The intravascular loss was best exemplified in a patient with factor I deficiency whose CR1 dropped from 520 CR1/R to 28 CR1/E, i.e., 18.6-fold loss. In one SLE patient and in the factor I-deficient patient, the FACS data were consistent with a loss of CR1 already on some R. In conclusion, CR1 is lost progressively from normal E during in vivo aging so that old E are almost devoid of CR1. The low CR1 of RBC in autoimmune diseases and HIV-infection is due to a loss occurring in the circulation by an active process that remains to be defined.


The final stability assesment for Nile Cruises vessels,Launches and Ferries taken into account the effect of shapes and the actual location of the C.G. are important for the safety considerations for such vessels. Analysis for gathered data for various existing vessels are introduced with curves and tables to give an aid for owners and builders in selecting principle dimensions for preliminary design stages. Practical . application is given to illustrate the benifit of the presested analysis and to show the effect of proposed alteration to improve the stability characteristics for a given vessel.


Time-series forecasts of traffic conditions are recognised as indispensable for optimal operation of the road network. They can also advise the user of the forecast journey time. The robustness of the OPERA system during incident conditions is achieved by physical modelling of the traffic situation, and by data input which is independent from the phenomena occurring within the network. OPERA currently manages a 560km network and 15 variable message signs during the morning peak hour in Glasgow, UK and is being extended to manage the whole Scottish Central Belt primary road network. The system automatically monitors and predicts the traffic flows on the network, analyses incidents and displays information on variable message signs. OPERA uses SIMRES, a macroscopic second-order traffic simulation model. OPERA 2000 is an updated version which incorporates use of recent historic traffic flow profiles updated each week, and updates long-term diversion rates. A similar approach, the MAESTRO system, is being developed in France. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) have many potential benefits compared to manned systems. These advantages include increased loiter capability, less expensive airframes, and expendability without loss of human life. An example of this is the US Air Force Predator UAV. Although relatively new to the US Air Force inventory, the Predator has demonstrated its worth in performing various intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions around the world. Although their potential benefits are many, current UAV control stations have several human factors deficiencies including issues of crew coordination, control/display design, and system time delays (Gawron, 1998). A research program is underway to explore how advanced multi-sensory interface technologies and visualization techniques might improve UAV operator performance and situation awareness while reducing workload. Advanced technologies under consideration include haptic feedback, head-mounted displays, spatialized audio, and virtual environments. The results of two studies are summarized and future research plans are described.


Two experiments were done to determine how shock for the correct response improves the performance of rats in visual discrimination learning. The first experiment tested but did not confirm Muenzinger's hypothesis of increased exposure to the critical cues. The second experiment tested the hypothesis of secondary reinforcement. Rats were pretrained in a runway to shock correlated with food reward. In a subsequent light-dark discrimination problem, those 5s shocked for correct responses did slightly but not significantly better than controls, while those Ss shocked for wrong ones did worse (p<.02), confirming the hypothesis. The present study continues the inquiry, started by Muenzinger (1934) and taken up by Wischner (1947) and Fowler (in press), into the facilitating effect of shock for correct responses in discrimination learning (see Fowler, in press; Fowler & Wischner, 1969, for reviews). Muenzinger, training rats to choose the lighted side of a T maze, found that a group shocked for correct choices did almost as well as a group shocked for errors and much better than one with no shock at all. He advanced the theory, supported in a well-known series of experiments, that shock, by delaying 5" at the choice point, caused longer exposure to the critical cues. In later experiments, prompted by Wischner's (1947) negative results, Muenzinger modified without relinquishing his position. Replacement of his correction procedure by a hybrid form of "noncorrection" sharply reduced the "Muenzinger effect" (Muenzinger & Powloski, 1951), but preliminary habituation to shock restored it (Muenzinger, Brown, Crow, & Powloski, 1952). Muenzinger conceded that two factors were probably involved: a general cue-accentuating function of shock and a specific avoidance function.


This article describes the progress of a research project named Early intervention strategies to reduce the need for women and children to make repeated use of refuge and other crisis accommodation.


Objective: The surface roughness and wettability of teeth prepared with new erbium dental lasers is not clear. The purpose of this study is to characterize the surface roughness and its influence on wettability of the etched and non etched teeth prepared for complete crowns with high speed diamond burs, Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium,Chromium:Yttrium,Scandium,Gallium,Garnet) and Er:YAG(Erbium:Yttrium,Aluminium,Garnet) lasers.
Background Data: Erbium dental lasers, on the process of thermomechanical interaction with biological tissues, ablate dental hard tissues resulting in rough surfaces with almost complete removal of smear layer. Adequate surface roughness could improve surface wettability thus enhancing crown seating.
Methods: Part 1: 24 extracted non carious molars were divided into three groups, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Er:YAG laser and High speed diamond rotary. 4 from each group were prepared into dentin and the other 4 into enamel. 2 samples from each preparation of enamel and dentin were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. All samples were viewed under SEM. Part 2: 60 extracted non carious molars were sectioned in halves. 120 halves were equally divided into the three groups. 20 halves from each group were prepared into dentin, the other 20 into enamel. 10 samples from enamel and dentin samples were etched. Surface roughness for all samples was measured by the profilometer. Part 3: The contact angles for the same samples in Part 2 were measured.
Results: Teeth prepared using high speed diamond burs revealed the smoothest surfaces with the smallest contact angle measured for the etched and non-etched samples compared to lasers prepared samples. Conclusion: Laser prepared teeth are rougher and showed more open tubules than those prepared with high speed diamonds. However it does not increase the wettability of the surface. Further research for bonding test is recommended.


High-resolution spectroscopic observations around the Hα line of FK Com are presented. The analysis of the spectra reveals that: (a) the intensity of the R peak of the mean Hα profile is larger than that of the V peak; (b) the intensities of the V and R emission peaks changes almost in anti-phase; (c) the ratio V/R varies in phase with V ; (d) the total Hα emission has a maximum at phase 0.75. The similarity of the Hα profile of FK Com with those of the disk-like stars leads us to the conclusion that its broad two-peaked emission Hα line originates from an extended disk. It is supposed that the disk produces the mean Hα line. The variability of the Hα profile is explained by the presence of additional sources of absorption and emission at diametrically opposite regions of the disk. The asymmetry of the mean Hα profile requires the disk to be half-illuminated. It is supposed that a source of illumination is a low-mass hot secondary orbiting the disk. A model of the Hα emitting configuration of FK Com is proposed.


The distinctive sandy structure of Prokopiak's Mount in Opatowice stands out from the surrounding black soils of the Kujawy Upland, and therefore attracted the interest among the Late Neolithic communities of the region. A program of comprehensive archaeological research was conducted here in 1985-1998, eleven sites were  investigated and the materials obtained from five of them were published. These sites all produced rich flint assemblages.Three of these assemblages, being relatively homogeneous, (Opatowice 33, 36 and 42), were selected for research on the formation of local traditions of flint production in the Late Neolithic in Kujawy. The presented assemblages cover the entire chronological span from3650 BC to 2600 BC. And chronologically correspond to the classic Wiórek horizon (Opatowice 33), the Luboń-Radziejów horizon (Opatowice 42) and the classic GAC horizon (Opatowice 36).


Aim To investigate the clinical effect of high intense focus ultrasound (HIFU)therapy on the mammary fibroadenoma. Methods There 87 mammary fibroadenoma in 47 patients were treated with high intense focus ultrasound and followed up after treatment. The clinical data was retrospective analyzed. Results The patients recovered more faster and had a short duration of hospitalization of around three days. There were no scar left on the breast.No complications were found in those patients. There 63 mammary fibroadenoma finally disappeared after a following up of 3 ~24 months. Conclusion HIFU is an effective,safe methods for treatment of mammary fibroadenoma without trauma.


One recommend to apply febtal at dose level of 7,5 mg/kg, alben at dose level of 7,5 mg/kg as well as ivermec and levamisole at dose levels of 0,2 and 7,5 mg/kg of body weight respectively against D. viviparus infection in cattle youngsters.


Self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is an urgent procedure for patients with malignant central airway stenoses (CASs) and central airway fistulas (CAFs). The aim of this study was to determine the outcome and survival after SEMS placement in patients with malignant CASs and CAFs.


HERE ARE many reports2-8 indicating palliT ative success in the treatment of inoperable cancers with chemotherapeutic agents administered intra-arterially. They have shown that relief of pain, regression in tumor size, and biopsy evidence of tumor necrosis in the follow-up period can be achieved in some patients by this technique, even though the disease may have been refractory to similar agents given intravenously. As Sullivan et al. suggested,? localized tumors of the head and neck and of the pelvis and extremities lend themselves to treatment through their arterial blood supply. The majority of these reports deal with short-term administration of nitrogen mustard or related agents. Creech and co-workers,4 as well as others,l have reported the use of alkylating agents by perfusion of an isolated vascular field with bubble oxygenators. The success of this method depends on surgical isolation of the vascular supply of the tumor bed so that the


A sensitive method for the quantitation of oxandrolone in urine was developed using GC/MS. After oral administration of 10mg oxandrolone, oxandrolone excreted in urine as unchanged form was extracted in ether and derivatized to its O-TMS. Oxandrolone excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugated form was extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis and derivatized to its O-TMS. The amounts of oxandrolone-O-TMS was measured in GC/MS with selected ion monitoring. Calusterone, a structurally similar anabolic steroid, was employed as internal standard.


Soni Jasminkumar B. M.S.Egr., Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factor Engineering, Wright State University, 2009. Determining The Effect Of Speaker's Gender And Speech Synthesis On Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) Results. Effective and efficient speech communication is one of the leading factors for success of battlefield operation. With the increases in the levels of gender diversity in military services, it is important to assess the effectiveness of voice for both genders in communication systems. The purpose of this research study was to determine the effect of the speaker's voice (male and female) on the speech intelligibility (SI) performance of the Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT). In addition, the effects of synthesized speech were evaluated. The CAT test is a new SI test that has been developed for military use. A group of 21 listeners with normal hearing participated in the study. Each participant listened to four different lists of CAT (male and female natural recorded speech, and male and female synthetic speech) at two signal-to-noise ratios. White noise was used as a masking noise and various speech files were mixed at signal-tonoise ratios -12 dB and -15 dB. Each wordlist was played at 50dB and 53dB mixed with white noise at 65dB. Each listener participated in a total of 8 tests presented in a random fashion. Testing was performed in a sound treated booth with loud speakers. Test results demonstrated that male speech and natural voice have higher SI results than female speech and synthetic voice respectively. Also statistical analysis concluded that female speech, -15 dB SNR, synthetic voice, and combination effect of female speech and synthetic voice all have significant effect on CAT test results in the presence of white noise. All tests used significance levels α = 0.5.


The purpose of this study was to investigate public attitudes towards sustainable urban transport in the City of Tshwane in order to develop guidelines for sustainable urban transport. The number of households owning private cars increased approximately from 22.9% in 2003 to 28.5% in 2013. Geographical location is used for quota sampling so that all the seven regions in the Tshwane could be represented. The total sample size of the study is (N=418). Primary data is gathered by a structured questionnaire while the Likert scale method was employed to get public attitudes regarding sustainable urban transport. The City of Tshwane in South Africa had the largest increase in population using private cars between 2003 and 2013 of approximately 11.3%, hence there is a need to shift from private cars to sustainable modes of transport. The findings of the research revealed that private cars are the most frequently used mode of transport in the City of Tshwane. The results also indicated that the majority of the residents of the City of Tshwane had a negative attitude towards sustainable transport modes and it was attributed to safety, reliability and convenience concerns. Finally, the paper provides recommendations on how the city planners need to implement transport initiatives that can improve the service quality and safety features of sustainable transport modes. The findings presented in this study provide useful insights to the city planners to secure sustainable urban transportation in the City of Tshwane.


Level of profit generated from adoption of paddy innovations can influence famers' decision to adopt such innovations; however it is imperative to know whether there are profit differences between adopters and non-adopters of innovations. This study was conducted in Mvomero District, Tanzania. The main objective is to compare profitability among adopters and non-adopters of selected innovations. Cross-sectional research design is employed and simple random sampling technique is employed to select 299. The interview uses a semi-structured questionnaire. Net farm income (NFI) and Return on investment (ROI) are used to analyze the profitability for selected innovations. Content analysis is used to analyze qualitative information. The study reveals that adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs is more profitable compared to non-adoption of the same innovations (p < 0.01). Adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs to farmers in the study area is a profitable venture (p < 0.01) and serves as a stimulus for other farmers to apply the innovations in paddy production. Extension officers and rural development agents should educate farmers especially those who do not adopt innovations on the advantages of adoption of paddy innovations so as to improve their wellbeing.


This text is a comprehensive clinical reference on the medical, surgical, and orthotic management of lower extremity disorders caused by diabetes. It covers the gamut of issues related to diabetic foot management, including pathophysiology, physical/laboratory/ radiologic diagnosis, outpatient management, medical inpatient management, infection management, surgery of the infected diabetic foot, vascular surgery, amputations, orthotics and patient education. Written by a multi-disciplinary team of contributors, including podiatrists, vascular surgeons, internists, and radiologists, this book offers a wide perspective on diabetic foot care.


CURRENTLY, STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION IS GOOD FOR COMPANIES. BUT THAT MAY CHANGE SOON. Compensatory stock options (CSOs) make headlines daily these days even though this approach to compensation has been around for decades. In a debate over their relative costs and benefits, stakeholders inside the corporation are pitted against stakeholders outside the corporation. To help readers better understand why CSOs are under fire and why they are so attractive to issuing companies, we describe how they simultaneously align goals of three--often disparate--areas of corporate accounting: managerial, financial, and tax. This convergence contributed to the proliferation of CSOs in the expansive economy of the 1990s. We also consider the "dark side" of CSOs--their negative effects, real or perceived--and the array of new solutions proposed to account for them. STOCK OPTIONS AS COMPENSATION Corporations often use stock options to compensate their employees. While CSOs are quite complex, the idea behind them is simple. A compensatory stock option provides an employee with the right to purchase stock in his or her employer corporation at a specified purchase price (the exercise price) for a fixed period of time in the future. Historically, CSOs were granted only to top-level corporate executives, but in recent years employees at virtually all levels of the corporation have begun receiving this form of compensation. Stock options are generally priced at the current market value of the underlying stock at the date of their issue. Most stock options have a vesting requirement--a specified length of employment before the options can be exercised. Cliff vesting refers to vesting that occurs at a single point in time. In contrast, graded vesting occurs gradually, with portions of the options vesting at intervals over a number of years. The exercise period is the stipulated time frame in which the employee can convert options to stock. This period does not commence until the employee is fully vested in the options. CSOs are often issued in lieu of other forms of compensation. As such, they are presumed valuable. The initial value only grows, however, if the underlying stock appreciates during the period from the grant date to the exercise date. Consider the following example: Bob receives CSOs from his employer that permit him to purchase 1,000 shares of the company's stock subject to certain vesting requirements. At the grant date, the shares are trading for $4 per share. The exercise price on Bob's options is $4 per share. When Bob is fully vested in the CSOs, the company's shares are trading at $10 per share. If he exercises his shares at this point, Bob can purchase 1,000 shares with a market value of $10,000 for an investment of only $4,000. Of course, CSOs are not entirely without risk. Assume, instead, that when Bob is fully vested the company's shares are trading at $2 per share. If the share price remains below $4 during the exercise period, Bob would not exercise his options because he would be paying more than market price for the shares. Compensatory stock options are typically granted in proportion to employees' earnings, with higher earners more likely to receive them. A survey by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of more than 2,000 corporations that granted options to their employees in 1999 found that more than 5% of all employees in publicly held corporations were granted CSOs. (1) Executives were almost four times more likely to receive CSOs than nonexecutives (20% vs. 5%). Within the nonexecutive salary group, employees earning at least $75,000 were about 12 times more likely to receive CSOs than employees earning less than $35,000 (27% vs. 2%). On average, stock options granted in 1999 were fully vested three years after the grant date. This average holds true for most employees when categorized by salary type. Yet almost 40% of CSOs granted to executives in 1999 vested in less than two years, while 27% of those granted to nonexecutives earning at least $75,000 vested in only two years. …


Abstract Background  Nocturia has high impact on quality of life (QoL) based on varying geographical and cultural factors. Speculating this, nocturia-related QoL (NRQoL) assessment scale was developed precisely, appropriate to the Indian context. Objective  The current study aimed to develop and validate an NRQoL assessment scale for Indian adults. Methods  An exploratory descriptive design was performed among 420 cases and 206 controls aged 35 to 65 years from two selected tertiary hospitals in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The NRQoL assessment scale was formulated through the following phases: review of literature, evaluation by experts, and pretesting. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to reduce the number of items and to define domains. Reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of the scale were calculated. Results  EFA resulted in the removal of seven items from a 36-item instrument, resulting NRQoL assessment scale into six domains as follows: (1) functional, (2) sleep, (3) emotional, (4) physical, (5) social and family, and (6) spiritual. The findings from the tertiary hospitals study confirmed that the scale was valid and reliable to measure NRQoL among adults. Conclusion  The NRQoL assessment scale is a new, valid, and reliable instrument that is well-understood by adults and can be answered quickly. It is a useful new tool that can be translated and tested in other cultures and languages.


A new concept of integrated coupled-lines couplers based on coupled slow-wave CPWs is presented. Design rules are also addressed. Two different couplers are designed for a proof-of-concept, with weak (16 dB) and strong (3 dB) coupling. Great directivity improvement and size area reduction is achieved when compared to microstrip couplers. Moreover, strong coupling of 3 dB can be achieved with realizable geometries, whereas microstrip lines geometries remain incompatible with standard CMOS process.


The the main of FA Background: First aid (FA) education is important in building a resilient society. Millions of people are trained annually in FA worldwide. However, the knowledge concerning retention of FA and optimal retraining frequency is limited. The aims of the current study were to investigate the two-year retention of FA knowledge and skills, and to determine to what extent refresher courses with different contents after one year influence retention. Methods: 502 Nepalese laypeople were trained in basic FA during 21 separate 4-day courses. One year after the basic FA course, participants received one of two refresher courses. The first one ("FA theory + FA skills") comprised theory on several FA topics, in addition to practical skills for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bleeding, while the other ("Other theory + other FA skills") did not include FA theory, but other concepts such as road safety, in addition to practical skills for CPR and fractures. Theoretical knowledge on non-resuscitative FA was assessed before (t0) and after (t1) the basic FA course, before (t2) and after (t3) the refresher course


The distribution network of the Banjarsari water treatment plant uses a gravity system. The system serves the drinking water in Banjarsari Villages. This study aims to optimize the pressure of the water distribution network in the Banjarsari Villages. This system supplies water from the Banjarsari water treatment plant. The water distribution network uses the gravity method to deliver water to customers. The drinking water distribution network was obtained from PDAM Bojonegoro. Meanwhile, the elevation and node of pipe were obtained by using Google Earth. Before optimization, the water distribution network has negative pressure at 07.00 AM and 05.00 PM. The negative pressure zone is at the end of the distribution network. The negative pressure values obtained using EPANET is range from -0,67 meters to -6,34 meters. The water distribution network is optimized by replacing diameter pipe in some areas, the water pressure increases significantly and makes the water distribution has positive pressure values. The pressure values are range from 2,70 meters to 13,65 meters. Replacing diameters of pipe is a solution to remove negative pressure, so that water from the reservoir can deliver to the end of a pipe. The distribution network pipe diameter is chosen which is close to the calculated pipe diameter.


The prevalence of allergic diseases is high and increasing in many countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of allergic diseases and changes in clinical expression in a birth cohort followed for three decades.


We report here the synthesis, single-crystal structure, electrospray mass spectrum and NMR spectroscopy of a new six-coordinate cobalt(II) pincer complex. The pincer ligand, in this complex, which is novel, coordinates via three nitrogen atoms (two triazole and one pyridine). The ligand is ambidentate and can coordinate via three nitrogen atoms or two sulfur and one nitrogen atoms. The cobalt(II) metal center has pseudo-octahedral geometry and based on the single-crystal structure, the pincer ligand coordinates in a meridional fashion with the metal and adjacent six-membered ring ligands all in a similar plane and forming two slightly distorted boat configurations


A research that has just recently been finished, investigated thinking processes that occur in the minds of students dealing with data structures. The research findings are pointed out in this pape...


A b s t r a c t In this study, MnO2 nanowire adsorbent was synthesized by low cost preparation method that was capable of extracting gold form diluted jewellery waste water solutions. Different adsorption parameters like number of treatment, hold time, pH and agitation speed of mixing on the gold adsorption were studied. Adsorption experiments was designed by Taguchi method and effectiveness of parameters as well as optimum operating conditions were determined. The manganese oxide adsorbent, prepared by lowtemperature synthesis followed by acid treatments, exhibits a nanowire like morphology. The results showed that under the optimum operating condition, gold adsorption efficiency was more than 77.2% during 2h.


form was a decisive factor in American politics. It shaped party strategy, won and lost elections, made and broke presidents. It claimed the social and intellectual leaders of the time, men like Henry Adams, Carl Schurz, George William Curtis, B. L. Godkin, and Henry Villard. And the final success of the movement created major problems of political organization and administrative responsibility which remain unsolved. Professor Hoogenboom has made a detailed, carefully documented, study of the civil service reform movement from 1865 to 1883. Beginning with the first proposals of Sumner and Jenckes, he traces the reform movement through the Grant and Hayes administrations, the formation of the National Civil Service Reform League, the assassination of Garfield, and the passage of the Pendleton Act. In so doing he casts new light on such complex and difficult questions as the relations of civil service reform to Radical Reconstruction, the failure of reform during the Grant administration, the virtual collapse of the reform movement after the election of 1872, the HayesConkling fight for control of the New York Customhouse, and the circumstances surrounding the passage of the Pendleton Act. Professor Hoogenboom also seeks to develop a "theory of reform." He sees the civil service reform movement primarily as a struggle of the "outs" against the "ins." Most of the reformers were professional men, editors and businessmen with commercial and financial interests. The typical reformer came from a well established New England family. He inherited wealth and deplored the materialism of the new industrial rich whose prominence, based on still greater wealth, surpassed his own. He was typically an Episcopalian or a Unitarian and a Harvard graduate. These reformers were the "best people" of America and many of them had joined the Republican party during the antislavery crusade and held positions of power and authority in the Lincoln administration. During the post-Civil War years they were forced out of public life; they saw their political aspirations frustrated first by Johnson and then by Grant. "Blaming the professional politician for their political impotence, reformers struck at his source of strength, the spoils system. As a weapon they used civil service reform, which would convert the public service from partisanship to political neutrality." Hoogenboom's "outs" versus "ins" theory is a provocative one, but it raises certain questions. For one thing it does not very well explain why the civil service reform movement began when it did and ended when it did. The "best people" had after all been "outs" since the time of Jackson and were still "outs" when the reform movement declined. Then too, it may be that Hoogenboom in his emphasis on "outs" and "ins" minimizes the importance of ethical considerations. It is doubtless true that the reformers were motivated at least in part by political self interest. But it is also true, as others have argued, that the reformers were outraged by the gross corruption of the spoils system and sought on moral grounds to purify the body politic. One final comment of a different order. Hoogenboom assumes the validity and desirability of civil service reform; yet, while many criticisms of reform were obviously based on partisan considerations, some of them were nonetheless valid. Civil service reform and the merit system have created serious problems of political organization and administrative responsibility and these problems were clearly anticipated in the early debates. But these brief comments aside, we are indebted to Professor Hoogenboom for extending our understanding of the civil service reform movement and its relation to the political, social, and intellectual events of the time.— ROBERT J. MCNEILL, Purdue University.


Mood or emotion information are often used search terms or navigation properties within multimedia archives, retrieval systems or multimedia players. Most of these applications engage end-users or experts to tag multimedia objects with mood annotations. Within the scientific community different approaches for content-based music, photo or multimodal mood classification can be found with a wide range of used mood definitions or models and completely different test suites. The purpose of this paper is to review common mood models in order to assess their flexibility, to present a generic multi-modal mood classification framework which uses various audio-visual features and multiple classifiers and to present a novel music and photo mood classification reference set for evaluation. The classification framework is the basis for different applications e.g. automatic media tagging or music slideshow players. The novel reference set can be used for comparison of different algorithms from various research groups. Finally, the results of the introduced framework are presented, discussed and conclusions for future steps are drawn.


Abstract The purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between psychological capital attributes and social performance and explore the impact of civic network participation on the relationship between psychological capital (efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience) and social performance. For this, depending on psychological capital, this study pays attention to the interaction effect of social entrepreneurs' psychological capital and civic engagement on their social ventures' performance. In the Korean context, social enterprises have another function to provide jobs and increase employment rates in low economic growth and economic inequality. Given this situation, researchers must investigate what psychological capitals of social entrepreneurs are helpful to obtain better social performance and civic engagement may have moderating effects on the relationship between the psychological capitals of social entrepreneurs and the social performance of social ventures. In the results, first, social entrepreneurs' optimism and hope are positively related to the social performance of their social ventures. Second, civic engagement by social engagement enhances the positive relationship between hope in social entrepreneurs' psychological capital and their social venture's social performance.


Introduction: The first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created havoc and confusion in choosing appropriate treatment, as well as prophylaxis, due to its rapid surge, disease novelty, and lack of evidence-based literature. It was even more concerning among the healthcare workers (HCWs), who had to take care of patients, themselves, and their own families. Objective: This online survey-based study targeted finding the various options for COVID-19 precautionary or prophylactic measures opted for by HCWs. Methodology: This was an observational study based on a predesigned questionnaire, which was floated online for three months after institutional ethical approval, just after the first wave of COVID-19 in 2021, targeting HCWs of different cadres (doctors, nurses, paramedics/laboratory technicians, etc.), ages, and sexes and HCWs hailing from across the country. Questions were focused on HCW's adopted measures, the order of preference and its reasons, and concerns related to safety and efficacy. Data was collected through Google Forms (Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA) into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA) and analyzed by the latest Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) using appropriate statistics. Results: The routine practice of standard precautionary measures (face mask, hand hygiene, and social distancing) and wearing a personal protective equipment (PPE) kit during the care of COVID-19-positive or COVID-19-suspected patients was adopted by the majority of HCWs, i.e., 306/312 (>98%) irrespective of cadre (p = 0.001). After the "routine measures," the most adopted measure by participant HCWs irrespective of profession, age, and gender was the consumption of allopathic drugs (n = 188; 60.26%). Anti-COVID-19 measures in the category of drugs used by healthcare providers (HCPs) were prophylactic allopathic drugs (60.26%), homeopathic drugs (11.86%), and other Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH)/traditional medical system drugs (11.86%). Vitamin C was the most consumed among all of the drugs for COVID-19 prophylaxis purposes. Non-drug measures espoused by the HCPs were physical exercises (46.47%), increased sleep duration (35.89%), change in dietary habits (42.62%), and spiritual measures (19.23%). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 imposed on the HCPs the obligation to use all the available preventive measures in spite of the lack of evidence on actual benefits. After the routine infection preventive measures, the most adopted measure by participant HCWs irrespective of profession, age, and gender was the consumption of prophylactic allopathic drugs (>60%), and the most non-drug preventive measures were the initiation of physical exercises and change in dietary habits. Adapting some form of physical exercise was more noted with males than females (p = 0.001), and it significantly increased with HCPs of higher age of >25 and >40 years than younger HCPs (58.6% versus 29.3%; p = 0.016). Females preferred more dietary and nutritional modifications.


J. Crocker and L. E. Park (2004) proposed both (a) that the importance of self-esteem lies more in how people strive for it rather than whether it is high or low and (b) that the benefits of pursuing self-esteem are of a limited, short-term nature and are outweighed by the significant costs that entail for functioning in multiple areas. The authors review research that raises questions about the validity of each of these assumptions. They conclude that findings are more consistent with a view in which (a) high self-esteem, or at least the avoidance of low self-esteem, is an important factor contributing to overall health and well-being and (b) the pursuit of self-esteem, when directed toward adaptive ends, can be instrumental in promoting long-term outcomes that are of value to both individuals and society. They also describe an integrative theoretical framework that encompasses both of these possibilities.


In the present investigation, a total of 5 species belonging to three genera such as Pomacanthus, Centropyge and Apolemichthys were reported from the 10 selected stations of Tamilnadu, south east coast of India. The diversity studies revealed that the species diversity, richness and evenness were comparatively higher at Rameshwaram and Kanniyakumari due to the rocky shore and coral reef ecosystem. Species composition study revealed that the smoke angel (Apolemichthys xanthurus) was found to be dominant group which constituting 57% of total fishes. The results of the present study evidenced that the occurrence and distribution of marine angel fishes were higher in Gulf of Mannar than other region of Tamilnadu. The present findings clearly explained about distribution pattern of marine angel fishes which could be useful for better understanding of the status of its diversity along southeast coast of India and also highlights the need for effective conservation measures of these commercially important marine ornamental fish group.


Simple Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a major global health crisis. Owing to the rising number of cases and limited global resources, being able to predict patients with a severe disease course is crucial for the initial allocation of the limited medical resources. This study aimed to identify whether lymphopenia is a reliable prognostic marker for COVID-19 using Korean nationwide cohort. Lymphopenia and its severity levels may serve as reliable predictive factors for COVID-19 clinical outcomes including mortality, needs for intensive care, and oxygen requirements. Current study suggests that lymphopenia at the initial presentation of COVID-19 is associated with poor prognosis. Abstract We aimed to identify whether lymphopenia is a reliable prognostic marker for COVID-19. Using data derived from a Korean nationwide longitudinal cohort of 5628 COVID-19 patients, we identified propensity-matched cohorts (n = 770) with group I of severe lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte counts [ALC]: <500/mm3, n = 110), group II of mild-to-moderate lymphopenia (ALC: ≥500–<1000/mm3, n = 330), and group III, no lymphopenia (ALC: ≥1000/mm3, n = 330). A significantly higher mortality rate was associated with lymphopenia severity: 40% in group I, 22.7% in group II, and 13.0% in group III (p < 0.001). At 28 days, the estimated inferior overall survival associated with intensified lymphopenia: 62.7% in group I, 79.9% in group II, and 89.0% in group III (p < 0.001). Lymphopenia contributed significantly toward a greater need for interventions in all groups but at varying degrees: requirements of invasive ventilation, intensive oxygen supply, or adequate oxygen supply, respectively (p < 0.001). The lymphopenia intensity was independently associated with higher COVID-19 mortality in multivariable analysis; adjusted odds ratios of 5.63 (95% CI, 3.0–10.72), and 2.47 (95% CI, 1.5–4.13) for group I and group II, respectively. Lymphopenia and its severity levels may serve as reliable predictive factors for COVID-19 clinical outcomes; thus, lymphopenia may provide the prognostic granularity required for clinical use in the management of patients with COVID-19.


Fatty acid composition, peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter content, total tocopherols and phenolics contents, and wax content of Bene hull oil (BHO) were determined and compared to those of Bene kernel oil (BKO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOLO). Considering the fatty acid composition and total tocopherols and phenolics contents, the resistance to the production of conjugated diene hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds during the heating process at 170 7C for BHO was about 4.2 and 7.3 times and about 1.7 and 2.0 times those of BKO and EVOLO, respectively. The antioxidant activity of BHO was exactly the same as that of tert-butylhydroquinone at low concentrations (100 ppm).


A variable voltage variable frequency(VVVF) control device for beam-pumping unit was developed.It is based on high-power switch IGBT and its input is three-phase AC 380 V,the core of its control circuit is the PWM control IC SA866AE.The SPWM is adopted in the device,its maximum output power is 55 kW,and its frequency of output voltage can be varied continuously at the range of 0~63.5 Hz.The operation and test results of the devices in Shengli oilfield show that the power factor of AC asynchronous motor is up to 0.98 and its energy-saving result of total efficiency achieve 26.58 %,exhibites a good effect on energy saving.


This paper aims to explore the nature of the relationship between the tax morale of Algerian entrepreneurs and their practice of entrepreneurship outside the framework of the formal economy. Given the difficulty of identifying the community of the study accurately and the absence of its database, the researchers relied on non-random sampling - the purposive sample- because they allow the selection of sample members to serve the purposes of the research. Thus, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 22 micro-enterprise owners in Sidi Ameur city in the Wilaya of M'Sila.
The study concluded that the asymmetry between formal institutions (the codified laws and regulations) and informal institutions (Community norms, values) in Algeria has caused a decline in the tax morale of entrepreneurs. This contradiction is due to the increase of corruption in the public sector coincided with the bureaucratic weight, as well as deterioration in the risk of detection and punishment as a result of the corruption of public sector employees.
The added value of this research paper is mainly to highlight the importance of analysis based on institutional theory in explaining the phenomenon of the informal economy, in particular the clarification of the inverse relationship between tax morals and the volume of entrepreneurial activity practiced outside the framework of the formal economy. It has also contributed to providing a modern vision based on analysis of the phenomenon at several levels, rather than relying on traditional bilateral analysis (a formal economy and an informal economy).
As for the recommendations, the study has produced a number of recommendations aimed at reducing the asymmetry between the formal institutions and the informal institutions, which will enhance the tax morale, which in turn will contribute to the integration of entrepreneurial activities outside the framework of the formal economy.


Purpose – Nowadays, suppliers in order to maintain and improve their positions against other national and international suppliers take advantage of their brand equity. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing industrial brand equity from the perspective of buying center members. Design/methodology/approach – Statistical population includes members of buying center of companies producing fridges, washing machines, and cookers in Pahang. 110 questionnaires were distributed among members of the buying center industry (managing director, production manager, finance manager, purchasing agent and senior engineer) and 98 questionnaires were completed for analysis. SPSS software was used to analyze data and PLS software was used to test hypotheses . Findings – Research findings indicate a significant positive effect of perceived quality, brand loyalty, social responsibility of supplier, reputation of supplier and quality of relationship between the buyer-supplier on industrial brand equity. The effect of brand awareness on industrial brand equity was insignificant. Originality/value – This comprehensive model includes major factors affecting industrial brand equity that is appropriate for Malaysiaian suppliers to maintain and improve industrial brand equity in B2B markets. And this study is the first research in this area in Malaysia. Keywords: perceived quality, brand awareness, brand loyalty, corporate social responsibility, corporate reputation, buyer–supplier relationship quality, industrial brand equity.


structure. Our comparative research enables us to state the following: in contrast to Western reasoning, which is always very explicit in form and whose logical sequences are closely knit, Chinese thought is but a series of independent experiments that add up to no well-defined order and have no internal interrelationship. From this lack of logical sequence all Chinese philosophers derive their initial inspiration; they then enlarge their understanding by analytical thought. This basis, which


The utility model relates to household items, which belongs to an improvement of a pillow structure, in particular relating to an improved multifunctional healthcare pillow. The improved multifunctional healthcare pillow comprises a pillow inner, rectangular annular isolating cloth for connecting an upper pillow surface and a lower pillow surface of a pillow inner sleeve is arranged inside the rectangular pillow inner sleeve, the pillow inner sleeve is divided into a rectangular annular pillow inner chamber and a middle pillow inner chamber, natural plant filling matters are arranged inside a long edge chamber on one side of the rectangular annular pillow inner chamber, soft material filling matters are arranged in a remained n-shaped chamber, two layers of filling matters are arranged in the middle pillow inner chamber, one layer of filling matters is natural plant filling matters, and the other layer of filling matters is soft material filling matters. The improved multifunctional healthcare pillow is reasonable in structure and multiple in using function, has using effects of protecting necks, protecting shoulders, fine air permeability, softness and comfort, and can meet requirements of different users.


Herein we provide a list of reptiles from Parque Estadual de Itapua , a conservation unit of integral protection located in the municipality of Viamao, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil and inserted in the domains of the Pampa Biome. The study was carried out from February 2003 to July 2004. We recorded 39 species: 23 snakes, eight lizards, four testudines, three amphisbaenians and one crocodilian. Through the knowledge of the species in the area, we justify the importance of preserving this important natural remnant.


Science and technology have evolved quickly during the two decades of the 21st century, but healthcare systems are grounded in last century's structure and processes. Changes in the way health care is provided are demanded; digital transformation is a key driver making healthcare systems more accessible, agile, efficient, and citizen-centered. Nevertheless, the way healthcare systems function challenges the development (Innovation + Development and regulatory requirements), assessment (methodological guidance weaknesses), and adoption of digital applications (DAs). WtsWrng (WW), an innovative DA which uses images to interact with citizens for symptom triage and monitoring, is used as an example to show the challenges faced in its development and clinical validation and how these are being overcome. To prove WW's value from inception, novel approaches for evidence generation that allows for an agile and patient-centered development have been applied. Early scientific advice from NICE (UK) was sought for study design, an iterative development and interim analysis was performed, and different statistical parameters (Kappa, B statistic) were explored to face development and assessment challenges. WW triage accuracy at cutoff time ranged from 0.62 to 0.94 for the most frequent symptoms attending the Emergency Department (ED), with the observed concordance for the 12 most frequent diagnostics at hospital discharge fluctuating between 0.4 to 0.97; 8 of the diagnostics had a concordance greater than 0.8. This experience should provoke reflective thinking for DA developers, digital health scientists, regulators, health technology assessors, and payers.


OBJECTIVE To observe the characteristic of multiple antibacterial resistance and ESBL genes of Acinetobacter isolated from the patients with respiratory system infection. METHODS From 108 Acinetobacter strains isolated from patients′ throat swabs during 1999-2000, 80 strains were A. lwoffii and 28 were other Acinetobacter strains. Antibacterial resistance was tested by Kirby Bauer method to 16 kinds of antibotics. ESBLs were detected by standard screen test and confirmed by single-disc diffusion test with clavulanic acid according to NCCLS. TEM, SHV, OXA, IMP and CTX-M genes were detected by PCR. RESULTS Eighty four of 108 isolated Acinetobacter strains could resist more than two kinds of antibotics (77.78%, 84/108). Among them, there were 8 strains resisting 15 kinds of antibotics, with two strains produced ESBLs. TEM genes were detected in two strains producing ESBLs, but SHV, OXA, IMP and CTX-M genes were negative. CONCLUSIONS Acinetobacter strains isolated from patients' respiratory tracts show distinct multiple antibacterial resistance. Some antibiotics are turning middle sensitivity to Acinetobacter. ESBLs TEM gene were carried by Acinetobacter in Jinan.


The invention provides an installing and clamping tool and a method for conducting capillary tube welding through the installing and clamping tool. The installing and clamping tool is used for accurately installing and clamping a capillary tube. The method for conducting capillary tube welding through the installing and clamping tool includes the steps of selecting of argon tungsten-arc welding equipment, workpiece pre-welding washing, installing and clamping of a welding protective device, installing and clamping of a tool mold, installing and clamping of a workpiece, adjusting of a gas flow control device, programming of a welding procedure, workpiece welding, weld joint quality detecting and the like. In addition, in order to achieve welding, high-quality welding of the capillary tube is achieved through the gas flow control device and the welding protective device in the welding process, and wide application prospects are achieved in the field of capillary tube welding.


We demonstrate lensless diffractive microscopy with 92nm resolution using 13.5nm light from high harmonic generation. Fast image retrieval with Fourier transform holography is shown, and we present paths to refining the images to higher resolution.


With cloud service becoming more popular, low-latency communication is required between servers in a data center. Low-latency node-to-node or application-to-application notification can be achieved in a NUMA [1] (Non-Uniform Memory Access) system, but requires dedicated, special-purpose network infrastructure. However, IP networks are commonly used in data centers. Using a custom FPGA-based NIC, we create NUMA-like behavior using hardware-generated IP packets which can be transmitted over commodity Ethernet switches and IP routers. We demonstrate ping-pong acknowledgments between two PCs equipped with our IP-NUMA boards. Our IP-NUMA implementation exhibits latency as much as ten times lower than software using Berkeley sockets over a consumer-grade Ethernet switch. iSCSI initiator-target communications and transaction-based distributed software systems will benefit from the reduced latency.


The natural seepage lines of the Leschenault Peninsula are expressions of the topography and stratigraphy, which act as sink and conduits for discharging groundwater. The drainage of the aquifer follows the lowest point in the landscape, and continues for some time after winter rainfall has ceased. Freshwater seepage sites are important in the first instance for peripheral estuarine vegetation that exploit these zones of lower salinity in an area of otherwise saline high tidal flats. Secondly, freshwater sources in the hot dry summer environment may be exploited by avifauna, particularly as no permanent freshwater sources exist on the Peninsula.


Background: SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell, by interacting with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, and affects a wide range of tissues and organs. Thus, ACE-2 receptors are found in placental tissues, as confirmed by the growing number of publications on the detection of virions in cotyledons. To date, the infectious involvement and localization of SARS-CoV-2 in placental tissue are described in a small series of cases and occur with a low frequency of 21%. The current data show that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a high risk of miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and perinatal mortality. In view of the fact that constant efforts are being undertaken to study the placentas of patients who have experienced COVID-19 in order to further predict the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women and newborns. Case report: This investigation analyzes data on three clinical cases of the course and outcomes pregnancy in patients after having experienced the novel coronavirus infection in early gestation. It presents in detail the nature of histopathological changes in placental tissue after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: Based on the presented clinical cases, by comparing the findings and changes in the fetoplacental complex, there is an idea of its possible damage in pregnant women who have experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early stages of gestation, regardless of the severity of the disease, as demonstrated by these clinical cases.


The iron-carbon micro-electrolysis-hydrolytic acidification and immobilized highly efficient bacteria and coagulation technology were used to treat coking wastewater after steaming ammonia.Results showed that after iron carbon micro-electrolysis,the B/C of wastewater increased from 0.20 to 0.39,after hydrolytic acidification,the B/C of wastewater increased to 0.44.Then using baffle biochemical reactor,when HRT = 48 h,CODCr reduced from 3717 mg/L to 393 mg/L,the removal rate reached about 90%.Biochemical effluent under the best conditions of the coagulant dose was 6 mL,pH = 7,the temperature of 35 ℃,coagulant aids dose was 3 mL,CODCr finally reduced to 65 mg/L,attained the First Grade discharge standard of integrated wastewater.


We describe a decision method using multiple threshold values for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code acquisition systems. We apply this technique to a conventional double dwell serial search algorithm and analyze it in terms of mean code acquisition time. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional one by 0.2-0.5 sec with respect to the mean code acquisition time because multiple threshold values mitigate the possible decline in search performance caused by the use of a single threshold.


The purpose of this note is to announce the major ideas and results developed in [R]x. The proofs of these results will appear in a series of three papers [R]2, [R]3, and [RR], the latter including categorical topics that will be omitted here. The subject matter is the covering and function theoretic properties of uniform spaces, a subject initiated by John Isbell in the 1950's. (See [GI] and [I].) Our work represents a continuation and extension of the current work of Anthony Hager ([H]l5 [H]2) and Z. Frolik; and overlaps somewhat with recent work of Z. Frolik ([Fr]l5 [Fr]2). The author wishes to emphasize that his work substantiates the existence of a theory of uniform structures which is not primarily interested in topological applications. Therefore, the viewpoint adopted here is one of intrinsic interest per se in uniform properties. A uniform space is denoted by uX, where u is a family of covers on the set X constituting a uniformity. uX is fine if u is the largest uniformity on X with the same uniform topology. A subfine space is a subspace of a fine space. uX is locally fine if each cover of the form {AanCp} eu, where {Aa} e w, and {Cp} e u for each a. uX is M-fine (sub-M-fine) if each uniformly continuous function (map) to a metric (complete metric) space remains a map relative to the fine uniformity on M (the uniformity with the basis of open covers of M). uX is hereditarily M-fine if each subspace is M-fine. The basic source on locally fine and subfine spaces is [I], while the development of separable M-fine and separable hereditarily M-fine spaces (those with a basis of countable covers) originates in [Hh and [H]2. One easily sees that each fine space is M-fine and that each M-fine space is sub-M-fine. Example C of [GI] is a hereditarily M-fine space which is not locally fine. [I] shows that each locally fine space is sub-M-fine and that each subfine space is locally fine; the converse of the latter is an unsolved problem. From [I] we also know that each separable sub-M-fine space is subfine.


Abstract Although rank tests for randomness were proposed in the literature as early as 1943, no such test has gained wide acceptance comparable to, say, Spearman's rho test. This may be due to the lack of small-sample theory and of tables of critical values to enable such a test to be carried out on small samples. In this article, we consider the rank version of the von Neumann ratio statistic and we obtain the critical values of this statistic under the randomization hypothesis. In a Monte Carlo experiment we then show that the resulting nonparametric test for randomness has far greater power than the test based on the number of runs up and down. Moreover, under normality, its power vis-a-vis the normal theory von Neumann ratio test is also very good. It is therefore suggested that with the tables presented in this article, the rank von Neumann ratio test for randomness provides an easy and powerful alternative to nonparametric tests now in common use.


Rainfall in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia differ from season to season, year to year, and between the regions. The difference between regions occurs due to the vast area of the kingdom and its complex geography in the semi tropical area.
 The objective of this research is to work of a statistical prediction study of rainfall over southwest Saudi Arabia. It has been studied changes of annual and seasonal rainfall and made the horizontal distribution over southwest region of Saudi Arabia . Also statistical method to predict rainfall over southwest region of Saudi Arabia has been made.
The study of rainfall monthly, seasonally and annually over southwest region of Saudi Arabia shows that, the largest amount of rain was in April and March in spring, which is one of the most season of the year rain followed by summer, where August and July are considered the highly rainfall months in this season. The winter and autumn seasons of the year received less rainfall in the region. Mountain stations are received an increase of the amount of rain than the other stations.
It also found from this study that the highest rate of annual values of rain is in the year 1997 at all stations except Bisha and Najran where the highest annual average of the rain was in the years 1982,1996 while the lowest annual average of the rain was over Najran in 1981where no recorded value of the annual rainfall during this year. Also it found that the trend of rain decreases with time at all stations except Gizan and Najran, it rise (increase).
It was founded from the horizontal distribution of rainfall over southwest region that highest values of rainfall concentrated in the central region, especially over Abha and Khamis Meshet which were considered more stations rising. The gradient values of rain is high in the spring and summer, centered in the central region which shows an increase in the difference in the amount of rainfall between stations mountain and surface, while the gradient is weak in the winter and autumn , which indicates that there is no difference in the amount of rainfall between the stations. The period occurrence of rainfall over region can be classified into two periods. The first period in spring and represented by the months April and March are the strongest and the second period occurs in summer and represented by the months August and July.
The residual method was applied to deduce a relationship between the values of rain and meteorological parameters were used it in the forecast for rainfall of spring from the values of geopotential height, temperature at 1000 hPa, sea surface temperature and Southern Oscillation index of the previous February were obtained. The best empirical equation after introducing of ten variables was obtained, the correlation coefficient between measured data and predictors( predictandt) reached to 0.971


Purpose: Glufosinate-containing herbicides intoxication causes mild to severe complication, depending on patients' factors. However, it is not clearly known whether there are factors affecting glufosinate-containing herbicides intoxicated patients who develop complications. Thus, we sought to identify independent factors comparing the complicated group with the non-complicated group and to predict which patients will develop subsequent medical complication. Methods: The medical records of patients with exposure to Glufosinate-containing herbicides at a tertiary academic university hospital in Korea from January 2012 to April 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data of 75 patients were then analyzed by univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses to identify potential predictors of significant complications following acute Glufosinate-containing herbicides poisoning for comparison of complicated patients with non-complicated patients. Results: Of 75 patients, 44 (58.6%) had medical complications and 6 (8%) were dead. Neurologic complications (n=26, 35%) were the most common including seizure (n=18), delirium tremens (n=5), and amnesia (n=4). The results of univariate analysis showed that an advanced age (>60 years old), higher ingested amount of the herbicide (>100 mL), vomiting at arrival, medical history of hypertension, metabolic acidosis, and systemic inflammatory response score (SIRS)≥2 were significant factors. However, the results of multivariate analysis showed that an advanced age (p 60 years, and amount ingested>100 mL were significant predictive factors for significant medical complications in patients with Glufosinate-containing herbicides poisoning.


In this paper, we apply a defected ground structure (DGS) to design a miniaturized dual-band Wilkinson power divider (WPD). Dual band Wilkinson power divider consists of two different transmission lines hence it has considerable size increment in comparison with single frequency Wilkinson power divider. For a compact device it is necessary to reduce the size of dual band Wilkinson power divider. By using slow wave effect property of defected ground structure (DGS) we have reduced the size of dual band Wilkinson power divider by 14.8%.


Refugees experience poor mental health, due in part to forced displacement, which can negatively impact the mental health and development of children. Researchers conducted an evaluation to test the impact of a psychosocial support program on mental health and child development among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Results showed that the support program improved the mental health of mothers and children and led to improvements in early childhood development


Corncob is an agricultural byproduct, a result of maize grains processing. It is a lignocellulosic biomass, and its hydrolysis releases a great amount of xylose, a five-carbon sugar that is not rea...


In this experiment,18 fungal strains were isolated and purified from 14 Chinese koji samples.By the petri plate method and Arima technique,according to the clabbering ability and hydrolyzing capacity of the tested strains,a high chymosin producing strain,named M12,was screened,and the optimum culture of M12 was determined by using the orthogonal test.The results suggested that the optimum medium consisted of 20% bran(g/v),2% glucose,and 0.05% KH2PO4,and the original medium pH was 5.8~6.2.The optimum culturing conditions were as the following: incubating temperature was 31 ℃,rotating speed was 140 r/min,incubating time was 60 h,and the chymosin activity could reach to 133.3 SU/mL.


Background: Food waste is a situation that triggers certain controversy, considering that there is still a significant number of people who do not have access to healthy and nutritious food every day. The management of food leftovers from school lunches depends on the creation of measurement mechanisms. Thus, current characteristics of schools should be identified in order to mitigate and better manage these leftovers. This study addresses this gap, that is, it seeks to understand how food waste management is carried out in schools from a circular economy perspective. Methods: Focusing on the management of school lunches in municipal schools, this study aims to build an inductive interpretive theory in order to understand how schools promote food waste management. Results: Loss estimates and their monetization were identified and explained, and alternatives for waste recovery using the ReSOLVE framework were proposed. Conclusions: Therefore, it was assumed that the perspective of circularity is a possible and viable way to manage food waste in school lunches. Stakeholder engagement and awareness raising become necessary premises for success in the food circularity journey.


Previous studies have shown that Escherichia coli possesses two principal pathways for the biosynthesis of pentose from hexose. The best known involves the decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate. This is the principal pathway in E. coli grown on glucose (Lanning and Cohen, 1954; Bernstein, 1956). This pathway will be referred to as the oxidative pathway. (The term oxidative pathway is used here to describe the formation of pentose by the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate and excludes any resynthesis by a complete pentose cycle. The stoichiometry is: 3 hexose + oxygen 3 pentose + 3 CO2. The term transketolasetransaldolase pathway is used here to indicate nonoxidative synthesis of pentose from hexose, according to the stoichiometry 22 hexose -3 l)entose.) But in cells grown on acetate this pathway plays a minor role and most of the pentose is synthesized by the transketolase and transaldolase pathway (Bagatell, Wright, and Sable, 1958, 1959). The principal object of the present work was to elucidate some of the factors which govern the selection of one or the other of the biosynthetic pathways. In addition it appeared of interest to extend the finding of Bagatell et al. (1958, 1959) and of Bernstein and Sweet (1958) who found that ribose and deoxyribose have identical labeling patterns and therefore concluded that these two pentoses probably have a common origin. The present work shows that when E. coli is transferred repeatedly in an acetate medium, and then transferred to a glucose medium, there is a progressive shift away from the transketolasetransaldolase pathway toward the oxidative pathway. After several transfers in glucose most of the pentose is synthesized by the oxidative 1 Permanent address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Agriculture, Warsaw, Poland. 2 Markle Scholar in Medical Sciences. pathway. Results are also presented which emphasize the asynchronous nature of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.


• Saccostrea glomerata (Sydney Rock Oyster) is a native Australian oyster species which is both functionally important in the ecosystem and economically valuable to the aquaculture industry. • Many studies have documented how changes in temperature and pH will affect the health and development of juvenile oysters. Current research is focusing on how to adapt to the increased variability in wild spat catch through selective breeding programs in hatcheries 3 . • Few studies have identified how environmental threats associated with climate change will impact the growth and survival of adult oysters. Two such stressors include episodes of decreased salinity, due to increased precipitation predicted in certain regions of temperate Australia, and increased water temperature associated with increasing sea-surface temperature 4 .


for investigation of palpitations and postural hypotension. He also suffered from Parkinson's disease but was well controlled on treatment. The positive findings on examination included the classical features of Parkinson's disease and a postural drop in blood pressure. The latter quickly resolved on withdrawal of his diuretic therapy. Two days after admission he started vomiting, initially four times on one day and then intermittently over the following 10 days. This usually occurred in the mornings. He was not receiving any new medication. Fibreoptic gastroscopy showed multiple erosions in the lower part of his stomach and first part of the duodenum. His oesophagus appeared normal. Histology confirmed an active atrophic gastritis with many helicobacter-like organisms present. A full blooI count, biochemical screen and liver function tests were all normal. It transpired that every morning he washed himself on the ward with Hydrex. However, he also used this preparation as a mouth wash and then swallowed it. He said that he felt nauseated each time he did this. He was advised to discontinue this practice and was given ranitidine. He made a full recovery with no further vomiting and repeat endoscopy after 6 weeks revealed resolution of his mucosal erosions with some mild residual antral gastritis. Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide disinfectant which is effective against a wide range ofvegetative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is most active at a neutral or slightly acidic pH. Hydrex is a 4% solution of chlorhexidine gluconate in detergent that is used in pre-operative skin preparation and hand washing.2 Skin sensitivity, transient taste disturbance and oral desquamation have occasionally been reported with a variety of preparations of chlorhexidine. There has been one report of an acute hepatitis and liver necrosis following ingestion of chlorhexidine gluconate in a suicide attempt.3 Because it is irritant, it is recommended that it should not be used on the brain, meninges, eyes, middle ear or other sensitive tissues. There have been no previous reports of chlorhexidineinduced gastritis. This is presumably because the taste and consistency of concentrated preparations of chlorhexidine render them sufficiently unpalatable to discourage ingestion in the majority of cases. We have informed the manufacturers of Hydrex of our unusual observation in the hope that a recurrence of this problem can be avoided by providing a more visible written warning on the container.


The purpose of this article is to describe the standard content of religious articles required by the daily newspaper Palopo Pos, and the contents of religious articles submitted by the author of the article in the opinion column in the daily newspaper Palopo Pos. The type of research is classified as qualitative with the research approach used are: linguistic approach, journalistic approach and da'wah approach. The data source for this research is the daily newspaper Palopo Pos and other sources in the form of literature, both related to journalism and linguistics. Furthermore, the data collection method used is documentation and reference tracing. Then processing techniques and data analysis were carried out using content analysis theory by Ole. R. Holsti. According to him, content analysis is used to answer the questions "what, to whom, and how" of a communication process. The results of this study answered questions about the standard content of religious articles required by the daily newspaper Palopo Pos that Palopo Pos did not set certain standards in accepting religious articles. As long as the contents of the written article are to call for goodness and increase faith in Allah SWT, educate readers according to religion and without creating fights against other religions, then anyone's article about religion can be published. Furthermore, from the analysis of the several articles studied, all of the articles all lead to religious issues and social issues that are currently being discussed in society. These themes try to find common ground so that a merciful Islam can be carried out in a calm, peaceful and peaceful manner by all Muslims in Indonesia as well as non-Muslims, so that peace can be created between religious communities and a nation that upholds the value of diversity in frame of Pancasila values.


Under the background of the increasing aging population, developers have been actively investing in the development of senior housing real estate projects, while the merits of the earlier stage positioning decision on the senior housing real estate projects would direct impact the later operation. Targeting on this problem, the evaluation model of the positioning structural equation of the pension project has been constructed in the four perspectives of the macroscopic and location environment, the development enterprise, the user demand in the project and the target customers, and the 2nd order verification on this model based on the reliable data research has been conducted, results show that the aging degree program radiation area, the financial strength of the enterprise, the basic facilities and project services as well as the ability to pay should first consideration, thus to provides a new idea for the positioning evaluation of the pension project. Keywords—Senior Real Estate; Project Positioning; Structural Equation; Evaluation Index


Abstract: This comment relates to Richard Posner (2010), the lead article for this issue. Posner applies 'the principles of organization economics' to the study of diverse types of organizations. His study comparing the FBI to other types of police organization is important and compatible with the study of urban policing in American metropolitan areas. Many policy prescriptions are based on an inadequate understanding of the diversity of urban public good production functions and a lumping together of every type of police service. A brief review of research related to the concept of polycentricity as related to urban services in metropolitan areas is provided as a way of further illustrating Posner's concern that finer distinctions need to be made in the way scholars analyze organizational economics.


Conductive structure (500) electrical connection terminals for connection (100), in order to cut into the conductive structure comprises a plurality of serrated structure (131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138) sawtooth arrangement (130), be provided to the conductor side of the electrical connection terminal (110) is described. In this case, the saw-tooth arrangement comprises a sharp slope shape contour formed by prime materials produced in embossed process. .The