Abrupt swings in temperature can exert negative impacts, ranging from human health to agricultural production. Here, we focus on a global assessment of the extremes in the temperature swings at sub‐daily scales using Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) data. Overall, the regions with extremely large swings in hourly temperature (i.e., 99th percentile) are located in desert or arid regions, and the land masses exhibit larger temperature swings than the oceans. In contrast, the first percentile of the hourly temperature swings exhibits a different spatial pattern, with the lowest values (i.e., largest negative swings) located in the Rocky Mountain, South Australia, South and North Africa and some regions in Northwestern China. We identify a significant downward/upward trend in the 99th/1st percentile of sub‐daily (i.e., hourly and 12 hr) temperature changes in the midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly during boreal summer. Overall, the regions with significant trends in the Northern Hemisphere are collocated with the paths of the jet streams and storm tracks. The significant downward/upward trends in the 99th/1st percentile of the sub‐daily temperature swings over the Northern Hemisphere can be explained by a weakening in the Northern Hemisphere's summer circulation, as suggested by the downward trend in the eddy kinetic energy. These results indicate that a weak/strong persistence in the circulation may lead to less/more abrupt temperature swings (i.e., increase or decrease) caused by horizontal temperature advection.


Abstract The Covid-19 crisis has had a severe impact on society and the economy. Some countries reacted with regulatory relaxations to cope with the crisis and digitisation of services provided possibilities to maintain service activities during the general lockdown measures. It became even more apparent that regulating access to and exercise of professional activities can have negative effects on adaptability of businesses and development of new and innovative business models. The recent adoption of an EU directive on a proportionality test, obliging Member States to carry out a thorough assessment of the effects of regulation before its adoption, provides guidance and a toolbox to ensure monitoring and adaptation of regulatory frameworks in view of developments such as those we have witnessed very recently. Regulatory trends in Member States and in particular in Germany go in opposite directions: While tightening of access requirements in craft professions, the German government considers significant reforms in legal services. In particular as regards the tightening of restrictions, it is expected that the EU directive on a proportionality test will lead to more sound and fact-based regulatory decisions.


Patients with peripheral arterial disease have a higher risk of death compared to normal populations. There are several relatively new risk factors significantly increase the vulnerability to suffering from peripheral arterial disease, one of which is homocysteine. Studies investigating the role of serum homocysteine level as a biomarker of the severity of peripheral arterial disease based on an ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the different populations were still limited and it was never been studied in Mataram. This was a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum homocysteine level and ABI in 77 peripheral artery disease (PAD) outpatients in Siti Hajar Hospital, Mataram. The diagnosis of PAD was based on ABI<0.9. Fasting serum homocysteine level was examined using the ELISA technique. Characteristic data collected were gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index (BMI) category. There was a significant correlation between the increase of serum homocysteine levels and the decrease of ABI. The main risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the subjects are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and overweight/obesity. Serum homocysteine level is a predictor of peripheral arterial disease severity measured using ABI.


The 39th regular session of the IAEA General Conference took place in Vienna, Austria, during the week of sept. 18, 1995. US Secretary of Energy Hazel O`Leary addressed the IAEA and its member States by acknowledging the historical accomplishments that have been made over the past year to combat the proliferation of nuclear weapons and promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Speaking for President Clinton, O`Leary urged the Member States to seek continued improvement in the IAEA`s ability to detect undeclared nuclear activities and strengthen safeguards on all nuclear material. O`Leary stated that the US stands firmly behind these goals of strengthened safeguards and nonproliferation controls and is demonstrating its commitment in many ways. She elaborated on the US demonstrated commitments: (1) Clinton`s decision to pursue a zero-yield comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty; (2) withdrawal of 200 tons of fissile materials from the defense stockpile, never again to be used for nuclear explosives; (3) bilateral cooperation, aimed at securing nuclear materials, with the states of the former Soviet Union; and (4) the US contributions to improving IAEA nuclear safeguards. A highlight of the conference was O`Leary`s demonstration of technology that the US Department of Energy (DOE) and its globalmore » commercial and governmental partners have been developing and demonstrating aimed at meeting the new challenges associated with nuclear materials security. The technology allows inspectors to transmit data remotely from unattended sensors and cameras installed in nuclear facilities worldwide to their personal computers for verification of safeguards obligations. The advantages of this technology include lower cost through fewer on-site inspections, reduced worker radiation exposure, and reduced intrusion to facility operations. O`Leary presented a demonstration of the remote monitoring system to IAEA Director General Hans Blix and the heads of delegations.« less


This thesis examines the artistic relations between Canada and France at the end of the nineteenth century, and the legacy of the 'ateliers libres' of the Academie Julian within the Parisian arts network. Through a case study, it focuses on the experience of Canadian students at the institution between 1880 and 1900. A conscious desire to provide a detailed study of this art institution drawing upon its annals and various personal accounts underlies the recourse to testimonies by students and journalists of the time to describe the prevailing atmosphere at the Academie Julian as well as its general management, its origin, and the strategies adopted by Rodolphe Julian himself to shape his school into 'the institution de rigueur' for those who sought artistic training of the highest calibre. Along with the students themselves, the personality of Julian as well as that of Marie Bashkirtseff – considered to be the "visible" spokesperson of the Academie – are at the forefront of this research since these two individuals were the true ambassadors of the Academie. Rodolphe Julian, an exceptional entrepreneur, must be examined in his own right to provide an understanding of his complexity and to fully grasp the originality of his Academie. This research examines both the man and his school, which together enticed generations of students, including Canadian painters (curious amateurs and accomplished professionals alike) to acquire not only the technical know-how during their training at the Academie Julian but also earn accolades and awards (prizes, medals and distinctions) inextricably associated with a commercially successful artistic career in Canada. During that period, French art was highly valued by the dominant Canadian upper and middle classes eager to purchase portraits and landscapes to adorn their living rooms. Indeed, rigorous instruction based on the study of composition and nudes met students' expectations and directly influenced training methods in their home country. As a result of their training, a large number of former Canadian students of the Academie Julian sought to perpetuate an art education system similar to that of the Academie Julian, thus enabling generations of artists to benefit from their transatlantic experiences as other artist-professors had done before them.The main thrust of this thesis is its contention that the progressive change in perception of the Ecole des Beaux Arts towards recognition of the "ateliers prives" influenced training prerequisites, shifting the artist into an economic space, intertwining the arts with industry: the artist as entrepreneur capable of adapting and developing his discourse and production in response to market conditions. In Canada, the diversification of technical education and professional training favoured the French artistic model. For artists, studying in Paris was meaningful; it was also a means of enhancing their status. In addition to tracing the history of the Academie Julian and that of its founder, Rodolphe Julian, this thesis also seeks to identify the presence of Canadian artists in the Academie, and to highlight its contribution to the recognition of fine arts training and its interplay with the honorary system of the Salon, which the Academie and its instructors controlled, by favouring their students.This thesis comprises three chapters, each linked by an overarching theme: the French art education system. Defining the French artistic context from a Canadian perspective, Chapter 1 deals with painters who were compelled to cross the Atlantic. The first section outlines the training possibilities available to artists in Canada and the training network available to artists in the 19th century. In covering the topic of art education in a country where the French teaching model prevailed, key figures such as Napoleon Bourassa and Abbe Joseph Chabert, are cited. Cure Sentenne's commission for Montreal's Notre-Dame Sacre-Cœur chapel of the Notre-Dame Basilica illustrates the near necessity for Canadian painters to travel to Paris to pursue their artistic training and helps explain why the place of production was just as important for an artwork as it was for the artist. At that time the reputation of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, consolidated by the reform of 1863, made this establishment one of the most prestigious in the world. However despite restructuring efforts, the Academie remained out of touch with the times, and this favoured the rise of the 'Academies libres', the most famous of all being the Academie Julian.Chapter II is devoted entirely to the Academie Julian and its founder, an astute businessman and 'petit maitre de la peinture'. The study of the man himself, which has so far served as a backdrop to a more detailed study of the Academie reveals the innovative nature of his establishment particularly with regard to his decision to admit women to study in his studios. Aware of the prospects his school offered, he was willing to accommodate artists from all over the world. His strategies for the expansion of the Academie are analyzed as well as the role of Marie Bashkirtseff in this respect.Chapter III describes the motivations and preliminary apprenticeships, which encouraged the artists being studied here to pursue their education in Paris, specifically at the Academie Julian. The socio-economic context – perhaps the socio-linguistic as well, since they are interrelated – and the influence of a master of European training appear to be the deciding factors. The institution's archives shed light on the registration of Canadian painters and the time they spent there. The entries in the records of the Academie along with various personal accounts make it possible to understand how this training institution was managed. Based on information retrieved from the archives, the time that Canadian painter Joseph Saint-Charles spent in Paris is used as a case study not only to link the artist to the Academie Julian but also to determine the strategies which enabled him to be recognized as a professional painter in France as well as in Canada where his successes were widely reported in the press. Although there is no record of Canadian women in the archives of the Academie Julian, their role is nevertheless analyzed, underlining the prevailing gender inequalities. In spite of certain disparities, for female artists the Academy nevertheless constituted a springboard for inclusion and recognition of their artistic practice, whether it was through acquiring a traditional academic apprenticeship where the mastery of drawing prevailed or by working "under the guiding hands" of acclaimed Masters of French painting. Although the validity of criticisms leveled by students against their school must be acknowledged, for most of them the real purpose of their enrolment was to prepare their future careers as professional artists, facilitate their rite of passage to the "Salon national des artistes francais", thanks to the support of the Academie and its instructors, and be "emblazoned" with the 'Julian trademark'.


Abstract A simple model describing the slantwise ascent of a two-dimensional horizontal air tube Subject to moist symmetric instability is developed under the assumptions that the Froude number is small and that mixing is absent. It is shown that, in general, the horizontal velocities attained by the tube are comparable to those of the mean flow and that vertical velocities of up to a few meters per second are possible. The tube ascends slantwise in such a way that its buoyancy remains nearly zero, unless the environment is my very nearly moist adiabatic, in which case ascent at an angle of 45° to the vertical is preferred. Results of the analysis support the contentions of Bennetts and Hoskins and Emanual that moist symmetric instability is the cause of some mesoscale rainbands. In a companion paper, it is demonstrated that the stability of the moist baroclinic atmosphere to two-dimensional slantwise displacements of arbitrary magnitude can be approximately assessed by reversibly lifting parcel along sur...


The lean manufacturing system is an integrated set of principles, practices, tools, and techniques which addresses the root causes oj the operational problems. It ensures that the customer receives the product with required quality, price, and delivery performance while maximizing company's competitive advantage and shareholder value When lean system is successfully implemented production will he run smoothly without huge inventory. It was found that the companies had not reaped the expected benefits by implementing lean all the times. Studies reveal that the benefits are limited by the environmental context and the organizational contingencies. Therefore this study focuses on identifying the factors affecting the lean implementation using case study approach A conceptual model was developed from the facts drawn from the literature and it was tested with a manufacturing organization which had implemented the lean concept. Core team members who directly involved during the implementation process were interviewed. A questionnaire was designed based on the information gathered from the core team members and the literature It was distributed among 100 executives to collect data. They were randomly selected from those who participated in lean implementation process. Principal component analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS'). Results disclosed the factors which drove the lean implementation process and those that prevent effective implementation. I he outcome of this study would help other


Ring-width indices from 136 sites in the area from northern Montana to southern New Mexico between latitudes 103°W and 111°W were examined to infer periods of anomalous wetness for the years 1700-1964. Sites were grouped into north, central and south regions, and the gross regional tree-ring fluctuations were compared. The results indicate that the period 1905-1917 was unique in the 265-year record for the combined magnitude, duration, and north/south coherence of the growth anomaly of much lesser magnitude occurred in the 1830's-1840's [sic]. Both this and the 1905-1917 anomaly appear from time-series plots to be manifestations of low-frequency growth variations at wave lengths between about 20 and 60 years.


This paper investigates the potential savings using improved motor and power electronic technology as well as improved motor control, for different HVAC load profiles. A 4-pole, 4kW IM has mainly been used in the investigation, where different energy labels (eff1,eff2 and eff3), different voltage/frequency (V/Hz) control have been
investigated. Theoretical calculations have been used in order to analyze the saving potential for four different load profiles. The general conclusion is that economical savings will be made, both for an IM and frequency converter replacement in spite of the investment
costs. The analysis also shows that the choice between an eff2 and eff1 IM, for the given load profiles, always generate the highest saving for the eff1 IM also in economical terms, incorporating the increased cost for an eff1 motor. It is interesting to note that, during the time period 1998-2003, eff2 label took 86% of the market
share compared to eff1 8% and eff3 6%. It is also shown that
losses introduced by the commonly used over dimensioning of the pump and fan motor can result in increased energy efficiency with appropriate converter control compared with the use of a motor with lower rating, which is opposite to the case when using a drive without a converter.


The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) was organized in 1986 in Uganda to provide counseling services to people with AIDS. It quickly added a community-based integrated prevention and care program called the TASO Community Initiative (TCI) which was operating in 12 communities by 1992. This document is a guide for TCI staff to use in evaluating their program in order to identify any modifications needed to increase effectiveness and efficiency. The plan includes formative research a process assessment and an outcome assessment designed to determine whether the goals of increasing knowledge promoting positive attitudes increasing community involvement and changing behaviors are being met. Tables in this evaluation guide assist in the identification of conceptual factors and sources of data to be considered in the process and outcome assessments possible field contacts for the collection of qualitative data and flow charts for data analysis survey data and monthly reports. The following evaluation instruments are appended to the document: a focus group guide key informant interview guides a presenter competency appraisal guide a community education and home visit observation guide a community participation assessment guide an evaluation presentation feedback guide a community survey and monthly activity report forms.


Research on using the upper space of kitchen as bedroom to increase the inside usable area;the bedroom is made up of kitchen sandwich plates and top of TV ark,the utilization ratio of building area reaches 138.67%.


Aim: To review on the current preventive and nonaerosol-generating practices available for a pediatric dentist Background: Life of a dentist revolves around air turbine drills and ultrasonic devices COVID-19 spreads through respiratory droplets and through contact routes Dental instruments generate high amounts of aerosols with contaminated saliva and blood, which would be hazardous to the dentist and the other healthcare workers and which can have serious implications on cross-infection and disease transmission Air turbine drills help in improved efficiency and reduced chairside time Until it is safe to go back to full-fledged air turbine tooth preparation, there are some alternative options that can be used to treat patients, which could avoid the use of such aerosol generation Review results: The treatment modalities include instruments and devices that do not make use of air turbine drills and hence can be called nonaerosol-generating procedures Some of the procedures include hand scaling, atraumatic restoration treatment, silver diamine fluoride application, extraction, and others Conclusion: The abovementioned procedures are minimally invasive and can be considered as a best suitable option in this current situation when treatment is required Clinical significance: This review suggests the treatment modalities to be done considering the COVID-19 pandemic that involves cross-contamination in pediatric dentistry © 2020, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd All rights reserved


Making efficient transitions from one instructional activity to another has been shown to increase academic learning time and therefore student achievement. Because compliance with teacher instructions is a prerequisite for efficient transitions, we sought to determine if high-probability (high-p) instruction sequences issued by a classroom teacher would increase student compliance and decrease latency to comply during transitions. Three children in a regular second-grade classroom participated. Each day at the beginning of morning calendar time, the teacher issued five instructions to the class as a group while compliance data were recorded for the 3 target students. Following baseline, a multielement design was used to examine the effects of the high-p instruction sequence. We then systematically faded the number of instructions included in the high-p sequence as a means of transferring stimulus control to low-probability instructions. The procedure was effective for 2 of the 3 participants, and the results were maintained at 2-and 3-week follow-up. The implications of these findings for group applications of the high-p instruction sequence in regular education classrooms are discussed.


The development of the new period in the society, computer network technology in China has been fully developed,the network in people's production is applied more and more widely in life. Development in the new period in the network, the application of virtualization technology is conducive to the realization of flexible scheduling of various cyber source, improve the efficiency of the use of cyber source. Therefore, has the great significance of network virtualization. In this paper, combined with the actual situation of the mobile core network, introduces the significance of the core network virtualization, and on this basis,has carried on the analysis to some key technologies in network virtualization, hope for the future development of the core network virtualization can help.


Chaotic dynamics and its possible applications are considered from the viewpoint of engineering. Various applications, even to consumer products such as household appliances, are developing in the field of chaos engineering. In particular we review parallel distributed processing with spatio-temporal chaos on the basis of a model of chaotic neural networks.


Background: Continuous epidural block is an effective method for pain relief. It should be performed with sterile instrumentation to protect against infection by the indwelling catheter. Methods: Sixty-two patients were examined by means of the presence of infection with a bacterial culture using the pieces of the catheter at the epidural space and subdermal area. We studied the relationship among infection and the indwelling period of the catheter, patient's age and sex, indwelling site of catheter, and rash and induration on the skin. In addition, we observed the relationship between subdermal infection and epidural infection. When bacteria species were identified, an antibiotic sensitivity test was performed. Results: The rate of infection of the epidural space and subdermal area were 25.8% in both. There was no relationship among infection and the indwelling period of the catheter, patient's age and sex, indwelling site of catheter, or rash and induration on the skin. Gram positive coagulase negative Staphylococcus was most commonly observed. Meanwhile the Enterococcus faecalis was most commonly observed at the caudal area. Most colonies of bacterias responded to aminopenicillin and 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins in the antibiotics sensitivity test. Conclusions: We recommend that perfect sterilization and effective management of indwelt catheters and skin are required. If necessary, it may be possible to consider the preventive use of antibiotics.


Findings of prior studies have been inconclusive about the ocular effects of thiazolidinediones on diabetic macular oedema (DME). The investigators evaluated, in patients with type 2 diabetes, the short-term and long-term risks of developing DME among users versus non-users of thiazolidinediones.


Eigenvalue problem of (-/spl Delta/) operator with the finite-energy and Neumann conditions are investigated. The classification of possible eigenoscillations is carry out by the theory of group presentation. These modes of eigenoscillations are proved to exist and their quantity is found. Eigenvalues are studied numerically.


CONCLUSION: Absence of hemispheric lateralization was found in all skull deformity groups while control subjects demonstrated normal patterns, suggesting deviant or delayed language processing in patients. The current study also reports for the first time that sagittal synostosis patients demonstrated a deficient response to speech in the frontal brain area that was not found in the other cranial conditions.


Introduction. Knowledge of the causes and nature of emergencies allows for the early adoption of protective measures with reasonable behaviour to reduce all types of damage significantly. Preliminary information for business structures makes it possible to carry out preventive work, alert forces and means, explain to people the rules of conduct. All business structures and the population must be ready to act in extreme situations, participate in the elimination of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes, to master the methods of providing first aid to victims. To address these issues, most developed countries in Europe and America have established unique medical systems, the main tasks of responding to emergencies and participating in eliminating health consequences.
The purpose of the paper is to study the level of emergencies in Ukraine and develop preventive measures for business structures.
Results. In 2020, 116 emergencies were registered in Ukraine, including 40.2% of man-made nature; natural nature – 54.7%; social nature – 5.1%. The human disease was also significantly affected by the COVID-19 coronavirus - 18,680 deaths in 2020. Compared to 2019, the total number of emergencies in 2020 decreased by 20.5%. The analysis showed that the most common sources of man-made emergencies are fires and explosions that occur at industrial facilities, so the authors proposed precautionary measures for business structures, which include measures to address the causes that could lead to the occurrence of fire (explosion), to limit (localize) the spread, to create conditions for the evacuation of people and property, timely detection of fire and notification of it, extinguishing the fire, maintaining the fire fighting forces in constant readiness.
Conclusion. The study showed that the number of emergencies is small and can be observed in some species in 2020, but each emergency is a human life, so it is necessary to strive for their number to lead to 0. The proposed measures will allow businesses to anticipate emergencies more effectively.


Tax avoidance is not a simple idea, but a general idea is a lack of resources and expertise. This study aims to examine and analyze profitability, leverage, firm size, capital intensity, and company age against tax avoidance. This type of research is quantitative research. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method with a sampling based on certain criteria. So that there are 13 companies that meet the sample criteria. The population in this study is the Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector, the food and beverage sub-sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2014-2019. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of financial statements. The analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables of profitability and firm size have an effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, leverage, capital intensity and company age have no effect on tax avoidance.


Similarity measures, as studied in the context of fuzzy set theory, have been proven applicable to many different fields. Surely, their primary role is to model the perceived (dis-) similarity between two fuzzy sets or, equivalently, the linguistic terms they represent. However, the richness of the dedicated study makes the similarity measures portable to other contexts in which quantitative comparison plays a key role. In this work we present the application of similarity measures to hyperspectrum comparison in the context of in-lab hyperspectral imaging for bioengineering.


A series of experiments on the fretting wear of steel wires are performed on self-made fretting wear test rig. The worn wires after fretting tests are put into fatigue test at different stress ratio and different stress amplitude on the servo-fatigue test machine. The research results demonstrate that the fretting wear depth of the steel wires increase with the increasing fretting cycles and contact loads. The fretting worn notch is the source of crack initiation because of stress concentration, which decrease the fatigue life of steel wires. The fatigue life of the steel wires with fretted damage is inverse proportional to the wear depth. The fretting fatigue mechanisms are analyzed through SEM morphologies of fracture sections, which indicate that fatigue are divided into crack initiation, crack propagation and crack break corresponding to different fatigue phases.


Tasmania's easily cleared land was limited, and
after the mid-1830's, when such land could no longer be
had to support soaring sheep numbers and to replace land
exhausted by continual cropping, pasture damage became
widespread and wheatgrowing viable only on larger holdings
where pasture could be "rotated" with cropped land.
Settlers and capital thereafter by-passed Tasmania for
the developing colonies, and large numbers of able bodied
men were drawn away. Purely pastoral districts stagnated, as did most districts in the south, as the south's long cropped wheatlands were limited and broken, and only a limited respite was gained by the shift to the larger unit. In the north natural conditions favoured the combination
of wheat and wool on the larger scale and mechanized
farming, and districts within paying distance from
Launceston emerged as the colony's leading cash cropping
districts. At the same time the cattle runs in the
outlying districts were broken up into mixed farms,
many of which were tenanted. By 1880, however, yields
in the north were declining. Fallowing and the use of
guano were now possible, but were expensive in relation
to the market price. Exports of wheat ceased, some
farmers abandoned cropping, and many tenant farmers
were forced to shift westward into the pioneer districts.
The north, like the south, was unable to retain its
population once further expansions was impossible and yields declined.


The Summer Arts Festival will be held on June 23-25, 2017. There will be more than 100 local and regional artists offering hand-crafted works in… Find OR craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


Method and communication system, comprising: a plurality of cells, each cell including three sectors, each of the three sectors using the same set of three different carrier frequencies to transmit signals, the set of three different carrier frequencies including a first carrier frequency, a second carrier frequency and a third carrier frequency, each sector in an individual cell transmitting signals using the first carrier frequency at different average power levels, each sector in the individual cell also transmitting signals using the second carrier frequency at different average power levels, each sector in the individual cell also transmitting signals using the third carrier frequency at different average power levels such that different average power levels are used for each of the first,second and third carriers in each sector of each individual cell, said average power level corresponding to a time period including multiple symbol transmission time periods.


This volume presents new information on both the basic and practical aspects of skin biology. Topics discussed include connective tissue components of the skin; immunology and cell biology; the development and degeneration of cutaneous structures and appendages; mechanisms of skin damage and biochemical approaches to repair; and clinical approaches to skin replacement.


Finding bugs due to race conditions in multi‐threaded programs is difficult, mainly because there are many possible interleavings, any of which may contain a fault. In this work we present a methodology for testing multi‐threaded programs which has minimal impact on the user and is likely to find interleaving bugs. Our method reruns existing tests in order to detect synchronization faults. We find that a single test executed a number of times in a controlled environment may be as effective in finding synchronization faults as many different tests. A great deal of resources are saved since tests are very expensive to write and maintain. We observe that simply rerunning tests, without ensuring in some way that the interleaving will change, yields almost no benefits. We implement the methodology in our test generation tool—ConTest. ConTest combines the replay algorithm, which is essential for debugging, with our interleaving test generation heuristics. ConTest also contains an instrumentation engine, a coverage analyzer, and a race detector (not finished yet) that enhance bug detection capabilities. The greatest advantage of ConTest, besides finding bugs of course, is its minimal effect on the user. When ConTest is combined into the test harness, the user may not even be aware that ConTest is being used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Contents: Preface Nazi Germany and Hungary: German-Hungarian relations following Hitler's rise to power (1933-34) The German occupation of Hungary Die deutsche wirtschaftliche Expansion und das ungarische Wirtschaftsleben zur Zeit des zweiten Weltkrieges Unwilling Satellite or Last Satellite - some problems of Hungarian-German relations Economy, Society, and Politics in Interwar Central and Eastern Europe: Economic problems of the Danube region after the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy Range and Constraint. The small states of the Danube Basin and the international political and economic system, 1919-45 State and society in East Central Europe between the two World Wars Limits of Reforming State Socialism and Transformation after its Collapse in the 1990s: The first phase of economic reform of Hungary: 1956-57 The crisis of the Hungarian Reform in the 1970s End of century global transition to market economy: Laissez-faire on the Peripheries? From regime change to sustained growth in Central and Eastern Europe (the 1990s.) Index.


Japanese students,subject to the fundamental influence of Japanese tense and aspect,often regard "le" as a suffix that follows verbs,adjectives,adjectival verbs or nouns to denote tense,thereby causing errors when they use Chinese character "le".This paper investigated the errors made by Japanese students in the use of "le" sentence,discussed the tense and aspect of "le" sentence from the perspective of Japanese students in their learning Chinese process and ultimately pointed out the significance of analyzing the tense,aspect and semantic meaning of "le" sentence.


Drawing from the theories of feminist new materialism, this article looks closely at the ways children and things, particularly fabric remnants, work together to coconstruct stories. The data presented are part of a yearlong ethnographic study in the multimodal literacy play work of three early childhood aged children from working poor families. The data were collected during summer enrichment and an after-school program at a community center in the Southeastern United States located in the children's neighborhood. Findings argue that children are more deeply and intellectually engaged when given access to a broader range of materials and opportunities to perform and participate in literacy practices.


Scientific development and harmonious society is two relative theories,the first of which is the soul and guideline of the later and the later is the extension,expansion and deepening in the field of socialist construction.It is useful to unify our thoughts to the wise decision-making and basic requirement of the government and understand the direction of the economic and social development with scientific development concept(including harmonious social construction).


A laboratory test of water injection of sand-bentonite mixture under confined condition was analyzed with the parallel multiphase flow simulator TOUGH2-MP.A two-phase water-air flow model was developed for simulating the resaturation processes.The model parameters were obtained from laboratory test.The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of interfacial flow and heterogeneity on sand-bentonite mixture resaturation behavior using numerical simulation method based on the following hypotheses:existence of interfacial flow along the TDR rod or along the column wall or existence of heterogeneities in the sand-bentonite mixture.The numerical simulation results agreed well with the laboratory test results.It shows that the numerical simulation method is feasible for the study of sand-bentonite mixture resaturation behavior.


ABSTRACT: This Theme Section looks at new approaches in the study of seabird foraging ecology,with particular emphasis on the use of recently developed recording devices attached to birds. It in-cludes studies with energy as a theme, such as the energetics of foraging in Magellanic penguins,how dive efficiency varies with depth in emperor penguin, optimality of stroke frequency in divingseabirds, and how using energy to counteract depth-dependent buoyancy may limit pursuit speedsin hunting imperial shags. A more physiological approach is adopted in two studies, one on the divecapacity of emperor penguins and one on planktivorous auklets. Foraging ecology is examined morebroadly in a study on the foraging behaviour of breeding thick-billed murres while a modellingapproach is used to describe foraging profitability in aucklets (the smallest marine endotherms) feed-ing on pelagic patches. Finally, consideration is given to bird-attached instrument artefacts in pathreconstruction of diving birds using dead-reckoning.KEY WORDS: Diving seabirds · Biomechanics · Energy efficiency · Foraging ecology · Recordingdevices


Let E be a Riesz space with a disjoint system {u_i :i∈I}. We denote by E_i the principal band generated by u_i(i∈I). A necessary and sufficient condition is found in this paper under which sup{X_i:i∈I} exists in E for every x_i∈E (i∈I).


This research is part of the ongoing multinational collaboration "Asian English Speech cOrpus Project" (AESOP), whose aim is to build up an Asian English speech corpus representing the varieties of English spoken in Asia. AESOP is an international consortium of linguists, speech scientists, psychologists and educators from Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Indonesia and Mongolia. Its primary aim is to collect and compare Asian English speech corpora from the countries listed above in order to derive a set of core properties common to all varieties of Asian English, as well as to discover features that are particular to individual varieties. Each research team will use a common recording setup and share an experimental task set, and will develop a common, open-ended annotation system. Moreover, AESOP-collected corpora will be an open resource, available to the research community at large. The initial stage of the phonetics aspect of this project will be devoted to designing spoken-language tasks which will elicit production of a large range of English segmental and suprasegmental characteristics. These data will be used to generate a catalogue of acoustic characteristics particular to individual varieties of Asian English, which will then be compared with the data collected by other AESOP members in order to determine areas of overlap between L1 and L2 English as well as differences among varieties of Asian English.


Assets securitization is the most important financial innovation in the international financial field since 1970s.The great vitality of assets securitization depends on its unique and exquisite risk-remote mechanism. But, both the risk-remote mechanism itself, and the every links of assets securitization transaction, conceal some legal risk. The intention of revealing the risk of assets securitization transaction is to take preventive measures by which we can refrain from the risk.


OF THESIS STABILIZATION OF EXTENDED DIFFUSE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS ON IN VIVO HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE DURING DYNAMIC EXERCISE This research investigates various applications of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) on in-vivo human muscle tissue, both at rest and during dynamic exercise. Previously suspected muscle tissue relative blood flow (rBF) baseline shift during extended measurement with DCS and DCS-Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) hybrid optical systems are verified, quantified, and resolved by redesign of optical probe and alteration in optical probe attachment methodology during 40 minute supine bed rest baseline measurements. We then translate previously developed occlusion techniques, whereby rBF and relative oxygen consumption rV̇O2 are calibrated to initial resting absolute values by use of a venous occlusion (VO) and arterial occlusion (AO) protocol, respectively, to the lower leg (gastrocnemius) and these blood flows are cross validated at rest by strain gauge venous plethysmography (SGVP). Methods used to continuously observe 0.5Hz, 30% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) plantar flexion exercise via dynamometer are adapted for our hybrid DCS-Imagent diffuse optical flow-oximeter in the medial gastrocnemius. We obtain healthy control muscle tissue hemodynamic profiles for key parameters BF, V̇O2, oxygen saturation (StO2), deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin concentrations ([Hb], [HbO2], and THC respectively), as well as systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR), at rest, during VO/AO, during dynamic exercise and during 15 minute recovery periods. Next, we began investigation of muscle tissue hemodynamic disease states by performing a feasibility pilot study using limited numbers of controls and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients using the translated methods/techniques to determine the ability of our technology to assess differences in these populations.


Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is an attractive distortless peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. However, the complexity of PTS increases exponentially with the number of sub-blocks as it requires an exhaustive searching over all phase factor combinations. In this paper, we explored the correlation among the multiple candidate signals of PTS and proposed a modified scheme with lower complexity. The main idea is based on selecting a subset from the whole set of candidate signals by analyzing the correlation of candidate signals. Simulation results show that the performance of the modified scheme is close to the theoretical lower bound and outperforms selected mapping (SLM) scheme with the same computational complexity.


ABSTRACT Lake Erie Age-0 white bass (Morone chrysops) otoliths expressed daily growth increments; however, the formation of accessory primordia limited aging to the first 90 days.


Using the classically conditioned suppression of respiration response, an audiogram for large, restrained goldfish was determined from 30 to 2400 Hz. Sound was generated into a closed air chamber above the water surface to minimize the nearfield effect. Frequency difference limens (DLs) were then determined by the same method at 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 Hz. All stimuli were presented at 35 dB above threshold. The lowest absolute threshold occurred at 350 Hz at about −35 dB/dyn cm−2. The audiogram rises slightly below 200 Hz, but steeply above 1000 Hz at about 24 dB/oct. The frequency DLs increase from 3.5 cycles at 50 Hz to 47 cycles at 1000 Hz. Expressed as Weber fractions, the best discrimination occurs at 400 Hz (0.037). The DL increases as two power functions of frequency. Below 400 Hz the exponent is 0.7, while above 400 Hz the exponent is 1.23. These two power functions suggest two processes of frequency analysis. Although man is an order of magnitude more sensitive, the DLs for both ma...


A TFT is provided to obtain an optimum characteristic by forming an edge of a drain or source region in contact with a channel region in a crystallization region in a position not corresponding to a crystal growth starting position or a vertical growth starting position. A TFT(1) has a source region, a channel region and a drain region in a semiconductor thin film having a crystallization region(5) with a horizontally grown crystal. The TFT has a gate insulation layer and a gate electrode on the channel region. The edge of the drain or source region in contact with the channel region is located in the crystallization region in a position not corresponding to the periphery of a crystal growth starting position(7) or a vertically grown starting position. The crystallization region is a single crystal region that is formed by irradiating laser light to a non-single crystal semiconductor layer such that the laser light passes through a homogenizer to have a reverse peak-like light intensity distribution and corresponds to pulse laser light generated by a phase shifter.


each industry from the reference area growth rate for the same industry and multiplying the difference by base year employ ment for the local area industry. The positive or negative sign on this compo nent indicates how the local area's proportionate share of employment in the industry fared in comparison to employment in the same industry in other local areas within the reference area. Positive values are generally accepted to mean that the local area has a set of unique factors (not specifically identified in the shift-share analysis) which give it a comparative advantage in attracting that


The present invention of formula (I): [Formula 1] Providing a process for pyrrolotriazine compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts prepared. The compounds of formula (I), growth factor receptor (e.g., VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1) inhibited tyrosine kinase activity, and thus they are useful as anticancer agents. Compounds of formula (I) are also useful for the treatment of other diseases associated with signal transduction pathways operating through growth factor receptors.


【The study was carried out to investigate water activity, physicochemical properties and color degree of burley tobacco stored in shelf with different moisture content for 56 days. The study was consist of two experimental designs, that is, moisture content in burley tobacco was kept to 13 to 15 %, 17 to 19 %, and 21 to 23 % under ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 24 %, and another group of in burley tobacco was only kept in ambient temperature of $3^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 50 % for 56 days with same water content of former treatment. Normal leaves were kept for 56 days under 21 to 23% of moisture content with increased water activity and TSNA(tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. It was considered that favorable leaves conditions are due to favorable microbial growth resulting in increased TSNA content. The total nitrogen content has not changed in two experimental groups for 56 days, otherwise the nitrate form nitrogen and total alkaloid contents were only increased by 21 to 23 % of water content. Degree of pH change was slightly decreased in both storage and water treatment. It was more decreased in 21 to 23% of moisture content than that of other moisture content. In stored leaf tobacco, higher moisture content caused lower brightness, yellow degree, and carbonization quotient.】


Model drug used in present investigation has relatively short plasma half-life and low bioavailability (~50%). Two to three times administration was required for larger doses, this can decrease the patient compliance. Sustained release formulation maintains plasma level for 10-12hrs and it might be sufficient for daily dosing of bosentan. Main objective of the present investigation was to develop an oral sustained release bosentan formulation by using different polymers in combination with Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Tablets were prepared by direct compression method. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out for all nine formulations in simulated gastric fluid using USP type II dissolution apparatus for 10-12hrs. Dissolution data was analyzed using different kinetic models. B7 formulation with combination of polymers HPMC and ethyl cellulose (EC) shows sustained drug release upto 12hrs. Kinetic modeling of In-vitro drug release study of optimized formulation indicates dissolution follows zero order, fitting dissolution data to higuchi model revealed super case II transport.


Adrenal tumors in children under 10 years of age are relatively rare. In 1951 one of us (R. B. G.) placed on record a case of a virilizing adrenal tumor in a 3-year-old girl1and in reviewing the literature found 76 previously reported cases. From the time of that report until 1957, there have been approximately 30 additional cases.2-26In the interim, primarily as a result of an increased understanding of adrenal physiology, there has been considerable improvement in the techniques for the diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors. As early as 1950, Wilkins27,28reported that the administration of cortisone suppressed the excretion of androgens in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and he suggested the use of cortisone in the treatment of this condition.29The suppression of 17-ketosteroid excretion by cortisone was proposed as a test to aid in differentiating between adrenocortical tumor and hyperplasia.30 The findings of Wilkins


...................................................................................................................... 6! List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................. 7! Materials and Methods .............................................................................................. 8! MICE............................................................................................................................... 8! PARASITES.................................................................................................................... 8! INFECTION PROTOCOL.............................................................................................. 9! MONITORING Pcc PARASITAEMIA, HOST ANAEMIA & BODY WEIGHT........ 9! PARASITE ANTIGENS............................................................................................... 10! ANTIBODY ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 12! WESTERN BLOT......................................................................................................... 16! STATISTICAL ANALYSIS......................................................................................... 17! BUFFER RECIPES....................................................................................................... 18! Chapter 1: General Introduction............................................................................ 19! 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 19! 1.2 Plasmodium infection.............................................................................................. 21! 1.3 Soil-transmitted helminth infection......................................................................... 23! 1.4 Malaria and helminths induce mutually inhibitory immune responses................... 24! 1.5 Antibodies: technicality and serendipity of cross-reactivity. .................................. 30! 1.6 Are you a man or a mouse? : Animal models of malariahelminth co-infection. .. 31! 1.7 The Plasmodium chabaudiNippostrongylus brasiliensis co-infection model ...... 34! 1.8 Why this thesis?....................................................................................................... 35! Chapter 2: Antibody isotypes as indicators of immune bias................................ 38! 2.


Abstract A model with flavor-triplet Higgs scalars φi (i = 1, 2, 3) is investigated under a permutation symmetry S3 and its symmetry breaking. A possible S3 breaking form of the Higgs potential whose vacuum expectation values vi = 〈φi〉 satisfy a relation v 1+v2 2+v2 3 = 23 (v1+v2+v3)2 is investigated, because if we suppose a seesaw-like mass matrix model Me = mM m with mij ∝ δijvi and Mij ∝ δij , such a model can lead to the well-known charged lepton mass relation me +mμ +mτ = 2 3 ( √ me + √ mμ + √ mτ ) .


Ferrite beads used for the suppression of electromagnetic interference (EMI) were analysed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The presence of the bead results in reflected current, cable radiation and resonant characteristics which significantly affect the ability to suppress currents uniformly over a wide frequency range. A typical low conductivity ferrite bead (/spl sigma/=1 /spl mu/S/m, /spl epsi//sub r/=1, /spl mu//sub r/=100), with length L=21 mm and outer diameter D=11 mm is shown to be a poor isolator at 1.03, 1.71, 2.37 and 2.93 GHz due to this resonance phenomenon. The effective suppression of EMI depends on the properties and dimensions of the ferrite bead in addition to the frequency of operation.


Intrasinusal and systemic arterial pressure changes resulting from occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCO) in vagotomized cats were recorded and compared with those in which the external car...


![Figure][1] Hyposoter horticola wasp laying eggs in Melitaea cinxia eggs. Photo credit: Anne Duplouy.

Evil parasites are the stuff of horror movies, bursting out of unsuspecting victims in the most ghoulish fashion possible. However, it seems that even parasites are not immune to


In Machine Learning and statistics attribute/feature selection is used in predictive model construction. This help the Machine in interpreting the features easily by discovering good insight and improves efficiency in predictive modeling. The objective of our research is to improve the classification accuracy by knowing the most important feature from any given dataset. In this research, we used two techniques namely Data partition and K Fold, in evaluating the importance of each feature from the randomly generated dataset with 5399 instances and 20 attributes. In Data partitioning, the attribute with lowest accuracy is filtered out. Where as in K Fold cross validation, attributes with biggest error is removed from the original dataset. In our experiments, the evaluation parameters considered are Recall. Precision and F-Measure. Finally the accuracy rate of both the techniques are compared. The finding in our research stats that K Fold approach achieves better accuracy of 97.03% than Data partitioning(96.11%) in estimating the importance of features in classification.


The objective of this note was to investigate the factors behind significant increase in currency deposits ratio since FY09. Before investigating the factors, the note attempts to explain the balance sheet mechanism of withdrawal of currency from the banking system and the economic costs of increase in currency in circulation. In perspective of economic costs, the negative relationship between currency and total private sector deposits confirms that an increase in currency depletes deposits, which in turn hurts economic growth by restricting supply of loanable funds with the banks. From a theoretical standpoint, when we attempt to investigate determinants of currency deposits ratio through graphical analysis, inflation, government budgetary borrowing, industrial production index, investment in National Saving Schemes, remittances inflow, and wheat procurement are found to be the prominent factors behind increasing currency deposits ratio. The note also includes the econometric estimation of these factors.


In our country,the urbanization has a close relationship with its economic development.It has obvious characteristics of two-dimensional segmentation of rural and urban areas,which shape the characteristics that the beginning and development of urban crimes are different from those of other countries,which include the current situation of obvious centralization,high incidence,similarity and the development trend towards diversity of crime forms and methods.Therefore,in the control of urban crimes,we should insist on the principles,such as addressing both the symptoms and root causes of the crimes,combating the crimes comprehensively and preventing the crimes systematically.We should also take measurements to combine traditional key treatment with modern psychology prevention and control.Only in this way can China's increasing and growing urban crimes be kept within limits efficiently.


Computer Science instructors work hard to provide computer labs that are meaningful on the equipment available. New advances in computer virtualization offer a more effective utilization of existin...


Sommario: 1. Premessa 2. L'efficienza del sistema 3. L'equita del sistema 4. Appropriatezza ed Empowerment 5. Modelli manageriali 6. Conclusioni The aim of the present contribution is to analyse the impact on the Italian National Health Service due to the nineties' reforms. Efficiency, efficacy, appropriateness, patients empowerment and health care management have been considered. We argue that only a joint use of many instruments could prove to be effective in facing the complexity of the sector.


The pandemic condition which has raise in 2019 is still prevailing globally. Based on the invading organism it has been given the name Corona/Covid-19. The diseases or condition is the respiratory related disorder with the prevailing virus. The pandemic has affected the health as well as the wealth of the population. In Indian this disease is spreaded at an alarming rate because of the underdeveloped health facilities along with the large population. Covid 19 has the proved to be a backbone breaker as far as the Indian and global economies are concerned. This work is trying to highlight the real condition of the financial crisis arises because of corona.


Abstract Sulfite oxidase (EC 220.127.116.11) has been purified 1000-fold from acetone powders of bovine liver. This enzyme was capable of transmitting electrons, abstracted from sulfite, to oxygen, to 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, and to methylene blue as well as to cytochrome c and ferricyanide. The oxidase activity of this enzyme was shown to involve a 2-electron reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide without the formation of any detectable radical intermediates. The kinetic behavior of sulfite oxidase was completely accountable in terms of a simple ping-pong model. The Ks for sulfite was found to be 1.4 x 10-4 m and that for molecular oxygen was 5.8 x 10-4 m. The pH optimum was 8.6. The ratio of the activity of the enzyme toward oxygen and toward 1-electron acceptors was constant throughout the purification procedure. Furthermore, the oxidase activity and the cytochrome c reductase activities were equally susceptible to thermal inactivation; and sulfate protected both activities to the same degree against this inactivation. Anions were noncompetitive inhibitors of the reduction of 1-electron acceptors by sulfite oxidase but had no effect on the reduction of 2-electron acceptors. Divalent anions were more effective in this respect than were monovalent anions. Because ferricyanide was a more efficient acceptor of electrons from the enzyme than was oxygen; ferricyanide inhibited the reduction of oxygen by sulfite oxidase plus sulfite; and anions, by virtue of their selective inhibition of the reduction of 1-electron acceptors, were able to eliminate this action of ferricyanide.


The research designed a Brain-computer interface(BCI) system based on the Steady State VEP Potential(SSVEP).It used the wavelet packet decomposition technology to extract feature. Comparing with the FFT, this method could avoid the spectrum leakage and improve the information transmission rate. A SSVEP-based controlling system of multi-dof manipulator was presented in this paper on the basis of virtual instruments. Various expriments showed the average detection accuracy over all subjects is about 78.75%,it is higher than the system adopted the FFT. The realization of the system provided a new exploration to the using of robot-assisted in space based on BCI.


Modern day processing requireshigh speed and less power consumption logic techniques. For a DSP, a microprocessor, an FFT or any other application where speed is needed we can use a multiplier. Vedic mathematics has served us well in making the mathematical calculations easier and simpler. We use Urdhwa-Tiryagbhyam sutra from the Vedic mathematics to implement a 2x2 Vedic multiplier. The adiabatic logic has been playing a prominent role in the reduction of the power dissipation using the energy recovery technique. We in our paper propose an efficient 2x2 multiplier by combining these two techniques.


ABSTRACT This study uses a survey of undergraduate college students at two schools in the eastern United States to investigate whether how they self-classify (e.g. choice of major and political view) effects their levels of trust in the government and how safe they feel in regard to a terror attack. We found that while all of the self-classification variables had an effect on trust in the government, none of them had an effect on feelings of safety.


The invention provides a method for preparing mesenchymal stem cell secretin with low production cost and high product purity, a bioreactor technology is used for replacing a traditional cell culture bottle to prepare mesenchymal stem cell secretin, the cost and the required space can be greatly reduced; the used mesenchymal stem cells enables high compatibility, the mesenchymal stem cells is continuously stimulated in a safe mode to secrete the protein, and the output of mesenchymal stem cell secretin can be enhanced.


This paper proposes a regulated perturb and observe algorithm to realize the maximum power point tracking of renewable energy systems. This algorithm can improve disadvantages of the conventional perturb and observe algorithm, such as power loss at the maximum power point and the longer tracking time, by sensing variations of power and voltage of renewable energy systems to adjust the perturbation step and frequency. A 1kW full-bridge converter controlled by a microcontroller (dsPIC30F2020) was implemented to realize the functions of the maximum power point tracking.


Purpose
This study aims to apply a Lean Six Sigma framework to support continuous improvement in the maritime industry (shipbuilding, logistics services and shipping companies) during COVID-19 pandemics. By applying the concepts of Lean Six Sigma and supply chain resilience, the most suitable continuous improvement method for the maritime industry is developed to maintain a resilient supply chain during COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach
A specific shipbuilding, logistics services and shipping company in Indonesia is chosen as the research object. The Lean Six Sigma framework reveals the wastes through the supply chain resilience concept, and implements internal business processes to maintain optimal system performance.

Findings
The paper identifies important implementation aspects in applying Lean Six Sigma to shipbuilding, logistics services and shipping. The DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control) approach is applied to achieve supply chain resilience. Resilient measures are generated for the case companies to maximize performance during the pandemics.

Practical implications
This paper provides a new insight for integrating Lean Six Sigma and resilience strategies in the maritime industry during COVID-19 disruptions. The authors provide some insights to sustain the performance of the maritime industries under study.

Originality/value
This study is part of the first research in the maritime industry that focuses on continuous improvement during COVID-19 using Lean Six Sigma and supply chain resilience.


. A variety of substructures have been identified within the tidal debris around interacting galaxies. These structures range in scale from Globular Clusters to the so-called "Tidal Dwarf Galaxies". We review observations of such objects, with particular emphasis on what can be inferred from dynamical mass estimates. We then present the results of a dynamical analysis of structures which develop within the tidal tails of a large-N numerical simulation (Nf"'V1 million). We find that under the best conditions, "observations" of this system recover the true mass of the bound substructures to within a factor of two. Poor spatial and velocity resolution (coarser than the true half-light radii and velocity dispersions) and more inclined viewing geometries lead the dynamical masses to be over-estimated by factors of ten or more. A combination of poor resolution and edge-on viewing geometries lead to the most dramatic discrepancies, with dynamical masses over-estimated by factors of up to 1000. Furthermore, projection effects can lead to apparent concentrations of material at the ends of tidal tails that is in reality spread over very large distances, with mass scales well beyond that of any truly bound regions. Since many of the well studied tidal dwarf candidates are found within edge-on tails, we conclude that their mass and extent may have been greatly over-estimated.


This report describes sampling apparatus that we produced as part of the Abandoned Mine
Project, under the Groundwater Science programme. The report introduces the concepts of the
overall study and identifies the need for sampling apparatus that can be installed within the
riverbed. The report describes the development of three types of hyporheic zone sampling
apparatus including:
 Hyporheic zone multilevel sampler
 Hyporheic zone DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) disc sampler
 Hyporheic zone DGT strip sampler
The report explains the design, installation, monitoring and removal of the devices and discusses
their successful implementation at a field site..


Multimedia search and retrieval has become an active research field thanks to the increasing demand that accompanies many new practical applications. The applications include largescale multimedia search engines on the Web, media asset management systems in corporations, audio-visual broadcast servers, and personal media servers for consumers. Diverse requirements derived from these applications impose great challenges and incentives for research in this field.


The differences in the seasonal evolution features of Indian Ocean Dipole( IOD) accompanied with two-type El Nino have been investigated based on the observed dataset from 1951 to 2012. Here,this paper focuses on the ocean-atmosphere coupled processes over the tropical Indian Ocean during the evolution of IOD. Results show that,when IOD peaks,the intensity and location of the warming SST anomalies( SSTAs) are different between the IOD co-occurred with EP and CP El Nino. When IOD peaks during EP El Nino,tropical northwestern Indian Ocean warms up and the equatorial southeastern Indian Ocean cools off with a similar intensity,associated with a strong anomalous Walker circulation rising over the western Indian Ocean and sinking over the Maritime Continent. But the warm SSTA locates southward over the central Indian Ocean at the peak of the IOD during CP El Nino,associated with weaker anomalous rising over central Indian Ocean. As to the seasonal evolution of the IOD co-occurred with EP El Nino,the warm and cool SSTAs develop intensely in summer then peak in autumn,which is resulted from the weak southwest summer monsoon over western Indian Ocean and the strong anomalous easterly over eastern Indian Ocean. By comparison,the evolution of IOD during CP El Nino is associated with the strong anomalous easterly over eastern Indian Ocean and anomalous negative vorticity winds in the low troposphere over the central Indian Ocean. The dipole SSTA develops when the west pole of the triple pattern SSTA decays,which is different from the IOD co-occurred with EP El Nino.


High speed trading was controversial in financial circles before Michael Lewis began writing this book. But now that he has, and it is a bestseller, it has reached the popular consciousness. It is ...


The role of music in the everyday life of mothers and infants has been studied by scientists throughout the world. It is well known that children prefer the maternal voice to other sounds, and are more attentive when speech or singing is directed to them. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate and discuss current musical practices and interactions of mothers and babies, utilizing semi-structured interviews with mothers whose babies were between 18 months and 4 years of age. Results suggest that mothers are not currently singing to their infants, as has been suggested by previous studies conducted in Canada and in the USA, but use music from CDs and television. In this sense, early childhood music education programs are important for child development, especially in respect to the encouragement of maternal singing. By educating parents and children, we will encourage future music lovers.
Keywords: Mothers, infants, music, musical speech


Objective To develop a LC-MS method for the determination of clarithromycin concentration in human plasma. Methods 20 mL of roxithromycin solution(10 μg·mL -1,internal standard)were added to 0.20 mL of plasma. The plasma samples were extracted with 4 mL ether after alkalizing using 0.1 mol·L -1Na_ 2CO_ 3. 3 mL of organic layer were transferred to a clean tube and evaporated to dryness under N_ 2. The residue was reconstituted in 1 mL acetonitrile and 10 μL were injected into an ODS C_ 18 (5.0 μm,250 mm×2.0 mm)column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.05% acetic acid(60:40)at flow rate of 0.2 mL·min -1. The eluate from the HPLC column was plumbed directly into ESI probe. Analysis in the mass spectrometer was operated in the selectedion monitoring model. Results The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.010-5.00 μg·mL -1.The detection limit was 0.010 μg·mL -1. The inter-day, intra-day variability and relative recovery rate were suitable for biological analysis. Conclusion The method of LC-MS is suitable for pharmacokinetic study of clarithromycin in human plasma.


We present a first catalog of sources detected by the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope on board the SRG observatory in the 4–12keV energy band during its ongoing all-sky survey. The catalog comprises 867 sources detected on the combined map of the first two 6-month scans of the sky (December 2019–December 2020), ART-XC sky surveys 1 and 2, or ARTSS12. The achieved sensitivity to point sources varies between ∼ 4 × 10 − 12 ergs − 1 cm − 2 near the ecliptic plane and ∼ 8 × 10 − 13 ergs − 1 cm − 2 (4–12keV) near the ecliptic poles, and the typical localization accuracy is ∼ 15 (cid:48)(cid:48) . Of the 750 sources of known or suspected origin in the catalog, 56% are extragalactic (mostly active galactic nuclei, AGN; and clusters of galaxies) and the rest are Galactic (mostly cataclysmic variables, CVs; and low- and high-mass X-ray binaries). For 114 sources, ART-XC has detected X-rays for the first time. Although the majority of these ( ∼ 80) are expected to be spurious (given the adopted detection threshold), there can be a significant number of newly discovered astrophysical objects. We have started a program of optical follow-up observations of the new and previously unidentified X-ray sources, which has already led to the identification of several AGN and CVs. With the SRG all-sky survey planned to continue for a total of fouryears, we can expect the ART-XC survey in the 4–12keV band to significantly surpass previous surveys that were carried out in similar (medium X-ray) energy bands in terms of the combination of angular resolution, sensitivity, and sky coverage.


new audible signs are initially held on to, he does so without any reference to writing at all. "How are these [new] expressions to be continuously understood and retained?", Fichte asks on p 129. His answer is that "all eyes and ears are directed to the speaker; one observes him closely, carefully remembers what he hears, and subsequently also uses the signs learned in his own family" (my italics). Contrary to what Surber maintains, it appears from this passage that Fichte does not in any sense make alphabetic writing the condition of the emergence of a purely audible language, but only understands writing to fix a language when the language has reached a "higher degree of development". Fichte's interpretation of the role of writing thus seems to me not to anticipate Derrida's as much as Surber suggests. Where I think that Surber is exactly right, however, is in his recognition of the proto-Habermasian dimension to Fichte's theory of language. Fichte's great achievement is to have stressed the fact that language is a deeply intersubjective phenomenon. This insight was not lost on Hegel, but he did not emphasize it anything like as much as Fichte did. From this point of view, Fichte's theory of language is indeed strikingly modern. We are greatly indebted to Jere Paul Surber for having drawn our attention to that fact and for having made Fichte's neglected but seminal essay available in English. Stephen Houlgate University of Warwick


Single pass rol]ing experiments were carried out on two low carbon steels and an IFgrade at temperatures betweenambient and 700'C. The main aim wasto investigate the transition from the well knownbehavior observed under cold rolling conditions to the less understood warmrolling behavior. Three aspects of the deformedstate wereexamined: the occurrence of in-grain shear banding at angles of 30'-35' (and 17'-20') to the rolling plane; the stored energy of deformation; and the final texture. Thesewere chosen because of their effect on recrystallization. In-grain shear bandswere evident, to one degree or another, in all samples. Their sensitivity to deformation temperature, however, was markedly different in the two low Cgrades comparedto the IF grade. In the low Cmaterial, the frequency of banding washigh at low temperatures but virtually nil at high temperatures. The degree of banding remained constant with temperature in the IF steel. These observations are explained in terms of strain rate sensitivity differences. The stored energy measurementswere consistent with results in the dynamic strain aging literature. Thedeformation textures obtained were also in line with typical ferrite rolling textures. The overall sharpness of the rolling textures of the low Cgrades, however, increased markedly with temperature. This is ascribed to a drop in the texture weakeningcaused by in-grain shear banding.


Abstract This study investigated whether temptations not to be physically active (PA) contribute to the explanation of PA, controlling for self‐efficacy. A cross‐sectional random sample (n=700; 63.3% Female; Mean age=47, SD=17.1) completed a computer assisted telephone interview assessing temptations, self‐efficacy, and PA behavior. A two‐factor (affect and competing demands) temptations model fit the data (χ2 = 70.91, df = 13, p < .0001, RMSEA = .08, CFI = 0.98). The model relating temptations scales with PA, controlling for self‐efficacy, also fit the data (χ2 = 240.06, df = 72, p < .0001, RMSEA = .06, CFI = 0.96). There were statistically significant paths from self‐efficacy with PA (γ = .43), but paths from temptations were not significant (p>.05). Temptations did not account for variation in PA behavior beyond that explained by self‐efficacy


The Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) represents the beginning of reusable rocket engine operations in the space transportation system (STS). Steps taken to reduce the overall cost of flight operations of the SSME by improving turnaround operations, extending the life of the engine, and improving the cost effectiveness of overhaul operations at the Canoga Park home plant are described. Ground certification testing to ensure safe launch operations is described, as well as certification extension testing that leads to a service life equivalent to 40 flights. The proven flight record of the SSME, which has demonstrated the utility of the SSME as a key component of America's space transportation system, is discussed.


The large volumes of artistic visual data available to museums, art galleries, and online collections motivate the need for effective means to retrieve :relevant information from such repositories. The paper proposes a decision making framework for content-based retrieval of art images based on a combination of low-level features. Traditionally, the similarity between two images has been calculated as a weighted distance between two feature vectors. This approach, however, may not be mathematically and computationally appropriate, and does not provide enough flexibility in modeling user queries. The paper proposes a framework that generalizes a wide set of previous approaches to similarity calculation, including the weighted distance approach. Image similarities are obtained through a decision making process based on low-level feature distances using fuzzy theory. The analysis and results indicate that the presented aggregation technique provides an effective, general, and flexible tool for similarity calculation based on the combination of individual descriptors and features.


In order to research the influence of moisture to the evolution of expansive soil's crack,the wetting-drying cycle tests for remolded expansive soil are carried out under an unrestricted condition,and the samples are scanned with CT to observe the production and closure of the crack.The research results indicate that both wetting and drying can induce the production and closure of the cracks under the unrestricted condition.During wetting process,small cracks would be closed,but big cracks would be developed.During drying process,small cracks would be extended and big cracks would be contracted.Based on CT meso-test data,the damage variable is defined in this thesis, and a damage evolution equation is proposed during the wetting-drying cycles.


We show experimentally in the dynamics of a periodically perturbed ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser with modulated losses that a different type of intermittency (the ``breathing effect'') [Z. Qu, G. Hu, G. Yang, and G. Qin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1736 (1995)], which is characterized by a regular alternation between periodic and chaotic behaviors, can be created by different methods. In addition to the usual way, (i) by suppressing chaos by weak perturbations, we have produced the breathing effect (ii) by destabilizing periodic stable orbits created at a period-doubling bifurcation and (iii) by means of large amplitude perturbations in the bistability domain between coexisting attractors. In addition, we also observed the crisis of a strange attractor induced by periodic perturbations and phase effects in the nonfeedback control of laser dynamics. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


To satisfy the demands of high data rate underwater applications such as image and real-time video transmission, underwater visible light communication (UVLC) has emerged as an alternative to acoustic signaling. One of the major impairments in UVLC systems is turbulence-induced fading as a result of temporal variations in temperature and salinity. Furthermore, unlike the horizontal links modeled with fixed turbulence strength, vertical links experience varying turbulence strength based on the depth-dependent temperature and salinity profiles. In this paper, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) UVLC link over a vertical turbulence channel which is modeled as the concatenation of multiple non-mixing layers. Under the assumption of cascaded log-normal channel model, we derive the outage probability of vertical MIMO UVLC links and quantify the diversity gain in terms of the number of transmitter/receivers.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes the relationship between physicians and elderly female patients, and broader, societal problems of aging women interacting within today's health care system. In light of the principles of equal respect for persons and distributive justice, individual practices and social factors are scrutinized for their roles in the quality of health care that elderly women as a group receive.


Mitochondria isolated from organs of intact white rats and those with Walker carcinoma were incubated in Gubler medium containing S35-lipoic acid or S35-thiamine. An accumulation of lipoic acid by mitochondria is higher in tumor-bearing animals, while that of thiamine in most organs is lowered. In healthy animals mitochondria were found to accumulate S35-thiamine more intensively than S35-lipoic acid. In tumor animals these indices become nearly similar, while organ differences are leveled.


By a transformation operator, we find that the transformation operator is not related to the unknown N-particle state. Here, we propose a multi-scheme for the teleportation of an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state by using the method of transformation operator. The proper transformation operator depends on the quantum channel and the measurement basis. The theoretical explanations of some quantum channels are given by transformation operators. Furthermore, we give the analysis for teleporting an arbitrary and unknown N-particle state.


The term I use can be defined as a skin reaction culminating in an acute eruption of scattered vesicles breaking out rapidly on forearms, neck, face, and trunk from above downwards, in that order; following in point of time late after a persisting dermatitis or ulceration or patch of varicose eczema in the leg or ankle region, more often than elsewhere; standing as secondary in relation to one or the other, and as the outcome and sequel. Of a sudden, the primary eruption becomes tender, dry, red, and sharply inflamed, from neglect by the patient or from unsuccessful treatment, so exciting at a distance by way of the blood stream a secondary, autolytic eczema of constant character and uninfective kind, usually beginning on exposed parts, then spreading to covered parts.


Abstract Bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Improved Tendergreen) were grown in solution culture with varied levels of As to ascertain levels and plant concentrations associated with phytotoxicity and to determine if there were any interactions between As and other minerals in plants. The level of 10‐4 M arsenate in solution resulted in considerable plant damage. Plant concentrations of As at this application rate were 3. 6, 18. 8 and 41. 7 μg/g respectively for leaves, stems, and roots. This level of arsenate resulted in increased Fe, Cu, Mg, Al, Si, Ti and Ba in all plant parts except Mg in roots. All of the increases may be due to concentration. Simultaneously there was depressed Mn, P and Ca in all plant parts. K also was depressed in roots. These depressions were not due to dilution.


BACKGROUND

The efficiencies of removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solution with olive stone activated carbon (OSAC) were investigated in this work. A central composite design (CCD) method was used to optimize the preparation of OSAC using microwave assisted potassium hydroxide.

RESULTS

The optimum conditions obtained were 565 W radiation power, 7 min radiation time, and 1.87 impregnation ratio. This resulted in 98.55% removal of Cu2+, 95.32% of Cd2+, 98.19% of Ni2+ 98.83% of Pb2+, 99.32% of Fe2+, 98.36% of Zn2+, and 85.15% of OSAC yield. The surface characteristics of the AC prepared under optimized conditions were examined by pore structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the prepared AC were 1280.71 m2 g−1, 0.604 cm3 g−1 and 4.63 nm, respectively. The equilibrium data of the adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir equation and the highest value of adsorption capacity (Q) on the OSAC was found for Fe2+ (62.50 mg g−1), followed by Pb2+ (23.47 mg g−1), Cu2+ (22.73 mg g−1), Zn2+ (15.08 mg g−1), Ni2+ (12.00 mg g−1), and Zn2+ (11.72 mg g−1).

CONCLUSIONS

OSAC prepared by microwaves can be used for the removal of metals from contaminated wastewater. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry


The objective of study is to determine the effective Young modulus before and after the completed osseointegration process using mathematical modelling of a titanium porous structure. A novel model is proposed in the form of 3D arrays of Gibson-Ashby cells with rigid clamping of horizontal beams resting on elastic foundation. Calculations made on the basis of the developed model are compared with known models and literature data. The assumption is proved that the osseointegration process due to the bone tissues ingrowth into the pores of titanium implant could affect the Young modulus increasing its value in proportion to porosity of a specimen.


Abstract The large number of serious injuries and fatalities occurring in the United States in rollover conditions indicates that substantial changes in the rollover protection system design approaches are needed. Effects of strengthening baseline roof structures on vehicle handling and stability are examined through use of finite element modeling, data studies, handling simulations, and handling tests. The results show that strengthening the roof does not adversely affect the vehicle handling and stability.


To examine evidence of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) defined as ≥10% reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and exercise‐induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) defined as ≥4% reduction in oxygen saturation (SpO2) from before to after participation in the Norseman Xtreme Triathlon. Secondarily, to assess whether changes in FEV1 and SpO2 are related to respiratory symptoms, training volume, and race time.


The duty of candor to the tribunal, a core value of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, requires lawyers to disclose to the tribunal adverse precedent from a "controlling jurisdiction." Many Florida lawyers, however, might be surprised to learn that when it comes to the opinions of Florida's district courts of appeal, a court's physical jurisdictional boundaries may be irrelevant to an opinion's precedential weight. In Florida, until a conflict arises among the district courts (or until the Supreme Court rules) on any matter of first impression, the opinion of any one district court is binding and controlling precedent, statewide, on all other lower-level state tribunals.


Recommender systems are widely used in E-Commerce for making automatic suggestions of new items that could meet the interest of a given user. Collaborative Filtering approaches compute recommendations by assuming that users, who have shown similar behavior in the past, will share a common behavior in the future. According to this assumption, the most eective collaborative ltering techniques try to discover groups of similar users in order to infer the preferences of the group members. The purpose of this work is to show an empirical comparison of the main collaborative ltering approaches, namely Baseline, Nearest Neighbors, Latent Factor and Probabilistic models, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. Data used for the analysis are a sample of the well-known Netix Prize database.


Introduction Corporate criminal liability is a broad and developing field with courts and commentators continuing to grapple with both philosophical and practical issues, as evident from this very case. There are two distinct aspects in the field, which unfortunately often tend to be conflated. First, it is necessary to consider the principles of attribution, whereby the actus reus and/or mens rea of a corporate officer is attributed to that of the company. In other words, the action or state of mind of a corporate officer is treated as if it is that of the company so as to make the company liable in criminal law. Second, it becomes necessary to consider the converse scenario, which is where a corporate officer may be made liable under criminal law for an offence committed by the company. This scenario usually arises when such an officer is "the directing mind and will" of the company. The principle of attribution is not appropriate in this context. Definition "Corporate officers are the people with day-to-day responsibility for running the corporation, such as the chief executive, chief financial officer and treasurer. A corporate officer is a high-level management official of a corporation or an unincorporated business, hired by the board of directors of a corporation or the owner of a business, such as a president, vice president, secretary, financial officer or chief executive officer (CEO)." Officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws state otherwise. Requirements for the number of votes necessary for removal and whether the removal may be with or without cause vary by corporation. The Board may terminate an officer at any time, subject only to any rights the officer might have under an employment agreement. Similarly, an officer may resign at any time, subject to notice or other requirements set forth in an employment agreement. Appointing Officers in a Corporation Officers are appointed by the board of directors to run the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Commonly, and by law in many states, a corporation will have at least three officers:


For obtaining MgB 2 and AlB 2 with nanometer size of coherent scattering area the technique based on the preliminary mechanical activation (MA) of initial reagents powder mixes and the subsequent reaction in the mode of the thermal explosion (TE) was used. The mentioned diborides are the promising compounds to use as a high-energy material in the ramjets and solid rocket motors because they possess very high mass- and volume-heat of combustion. Mostly, the diborides are produced under conditions of high temperatures and pressures. In this research a possibility has been explored of their producing by thermal explosion method when using preliminary mechanically activated components. The peculiarities of the technique to produce diborides are examined. Results of radiographic and electron microscope studies of the mixes of reagents after mechanical activation and of thermal explosion products are presented.


The invention provides a service oriented multi-source heterogeneous video surveillance adaptation method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, a video surveillance core adaptation layer which is universal on the upper layer is defined and contains basic sub-interfaces for video operation; S2, according to different video development SDKs (software development kits) provided by manufacturers, the basic sub-interfaces in the core adaptation layer are inherited and to become sub-adaptation layers through detailed realization; S3, the sub-adaptation layers are registered into local sub-servers which are used for calling corresponding sub-adaptation layers and are named according to different equipment manufacturer names; S4, a core realization layer is defined, inherits the core adaptation layer, performs detailed realization, is used for analyzing a video operation request message, extracting the equipment manufacturer names and dispatching the local sub-servers, and the core realization layer has the same basic sub-interfaces with the core adaptation layer; and S5, the core realization layer is registered into remote core service. The service oriented multi-source heterogeneous video surveillance adaptation method has the characteristics of good compatibility and high expansibility.


Human dignity is a fundamental right of every citizen, according to the South African constitution. Not having access to these fundamental rights, such as education, housing and employment, to name a few, have resulted in Communities in Tension (CiT's)2, which is a product of systemic societal abandonment of young people and have eroded and undermined the human dignity of young people. It is one of many tasks of youth ministry to address the systemic abandonment of society as manifested in CiT's which ultimately will address the human dignity of young people. It is further argued that addressing this matter can only be achieved through "belovedness".


Under two dose rates of 1.16 Gy/s and 0.008 Gy/s, Rr values of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, L-cysteine and cystamine were de termined at physiological pH of 6.4-6.5. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan showed consistent decrease in Rr value with increase in dose but not with dose rate and L-cysteine showed increase in Rr value with dose especially at lower dose rate compared to that at higher dose rate, whereas cystamine showed no change in Rr value with increase in dose as well as change in dose rate. During gamma irradiation, L-cysteine showed positive and cystamine showed negative test for desulphuration, L-cysteine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan showed positive test for decarboxylation. All the amino acids showed positive test for deamination with radiation dose. This has been quantified as a function of dose. Decarboxylation, deamination and desulphuration from respective amino acids have been confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Number of ammonia molecules liberated per 1.1. mole for a dose of 100 Gy was in the order of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan > L-cysteine > cystamine. The radioprotective efficacy as govhned by proton acceptance by -NH 2 groups will be in the same order. • Depletion of -SH, -NH 2 and -COOH depends on total dose, dose rate


grid (Figure 2) was created through the inversion of selected anomalies. The grid of the initial susceptibility values was calculated at a uniform basement depth of 50 m below ground surface. Figure 3 shows poor resolution, especially where the basement is deeper. Calculation of susceptibility at a deeper surface, 500 m below ground for example, would certainly improve the map in the area of the large anomaly. However, the shallow sources would appear greatly amplified and distorted. Using the grid of depth values the final susceptibility map (Figure 4) was generated using the variable depth susceptibility program. The anomalies on this map are much more well-defined, and the map's appearance is cleaner and smoother. The most noticeable improvement is in the area of the deepest sources, The resolution does not suffer when compared to the shallow regions. As expected, the calculated values for susceptibility in the deep area are much higher than those on the previous map. Figure 5 shows the geologic interpretation, derived in part from the final susceptibility map of the test area. Such detailed interpretation could not have been obtained using conventional susceptibility mapping techniques. The technique of mapping susceptibility at a variable depth-to-source shows considerably better definition in comparison with previous methods of mapping to a level surface. The technique does not assume that the magnetic field is measured on a horizontal plane. Hence, the method may be extended to allow for the continuation of the field from any one specified surface to another. For example, the magnetic response measured on a drape-flown aeromagnetic survey could be regenerated at a constant barometric height, or vice-versa.


To study the viscoelastic properties of certain complex fluids which are described in terms of a multiconnected transient network, we have developed a convenient model system composed of microemulsion droplets linked by telechelic polymers. The phase behavior of such systems has two characteristic features:  a large monophasic region which consists of two subregions (a fluid sol phase and a viscoelastic gel phase) separated by a percolation line and a two-phase region at low volume fraction with separation into a dilute sol phase and a concentrated gel phase. From the plausible origin of these features we expect them to be very similar in different systems. We describe here the phase behavior of four different systems we prepared in order to vary the time scale of the dynamical response of the transient network:  they consist of the combination of two oil (decane) in water microemulsions differing by the stabilizing surfactant monolayer (cetylpyridinium chloride/octanol or TX100/TX35) and of two telecheli...


This document is part of a series of white papers on various copyright issues. This white paper discusses the copyright status of databases and addresses how the US and European copyright applies to these kinds of works.