We introduce a class of ultradifferentiable functions which contains Gevrey functions and study its basic properties. In particular, we investigate the continuity properties of certain (ultra)differentiable operators. Finally, we discuss microlocal properties in appropriate dual spaces. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 46F05, 46E10, 35A18


The paper concerns the numerical simulation of turbulent flow over axisymmetric body with an annular cavity. The influence of the ratio of the length to the cavity depth on the flow structure in the cavity was numerically studied in the case of supersonic flow. The open or closed type of the flow was obtained depending on the ratio of the length to the cavity depth. Comparison with experimental data [9, 10, 13] shows a good agreement between calculated and experimental results. The phenomenon of gas dynamic hysteresis for the implementation of the open - closed flow type studied experimentally in [10] was numerically reproduced. Also it has been shown that experimental conditions [13] also may cause this type of hysteresis.


Although it is impossible to determine the occurrence of precipitation of solids in the urine tract, due to the statistical character of this process, the conditions of the resolution of the various minerals can be calculated exactly. Measurements of the solubility of calcium oxalate monohydrate as a function of the Mg, NaCl and citrate concentration of the urine prove the existence of complicated coupled chemical equilibriums. They cause magnesium salts to be ineffective in a resolution therapy of oxalate kidney stones. Instead of magnesium salts, sodium chloride and citrate ions are suitable for this purpose. The conditions concerned can be established exactly from the experimental results achieved.


The aim of this article is to present the partial results of a larger research project on journalistic ethics from the point of view of the professionals themselves. Specifically, the following pages analyze the perception of Madrid journalists with respect to the legitimacy of accepting various gifts when carrying out their work. The results of 30 in-depth interviews and 410 surveys of newspaper, radio, television, online and press office journalists who carry out their professional activity in the Autonomous Community of Madrid show that this group is very reluctant to accept gifts with a monetary value of over €200, or to carry out activities financed by a news source. Fewer problems arise regarding acceptance of presents of nominal value of a promotional merchandising nature, free tickets to shows and exhibitions, or paid meals and trips.


What is known and Objective:  The increased central sympathetic activity typically associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) is probably mediated by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Our objective was to undertake a trial to test our hypothesis that administration of the well‐known antioxidant and ROS scavenger ascorbic acid, would reverse or reduce the sympathetic overactivity in CHF patients.


ABSTRACT Six new platinum(II) complexes containing a diamino sugar, analogs of cisplatin and carboplatin, have been prepared and characterized. The new ligands were obtained by reaction of D-galactose and D-ribose derivatives with ethylenediamine.


[Objective] To investigate non-permanent residential women's contraceptive status quo and analyze the influence factors,then providing grounds for further completion of contraceptive services for non-permanent residential women.[Methods] A group of 430 non-permanent residential women at reproductive age were included during the period of July 2007 to December 2008 in the gynecology department of a Community Health Services Center in Shanghai.A structured questionnaire was used for investigation through face-to-face interview and for collection of information on birth control options of the subjects.[Results] About 79.3% of the 430 women subjects took contraceptive measures at the time of interview.The leading approach was intrauterine devices(IUD,50.8%) in the married women and condom(61.3%) in the unmarried.71.3% of the subjects were satisfied with the approach they employed.90.3% of the unmarried female subjects purchased contraceptive devices themselves,and only 9.7% obtained free devices from family planning services.[Conclusion] The combination of health education,comprehensive service and administration should be recommended to increase contraception rate and satisfaction rate of the non-permanent residential women for the health service.


In this study, we present a facile method to enhance the transmittance of soda lime glasses through hydrothermal processing. By adjusting the treated parameters, we obtain two types of glass with enhanced transmission: one frosted glass and one clear glass. Our results show that after surface modification with ammonium hydroxide solution, the transmittance of the frosted glass reach more than 95%. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that the treated surface is covered with irregular micro-craters. On the other hand, the treated clear glass is covered with extensive nanoflakes structure. We achieve a maximum of 5.4% transmittance enhancement for the clear glass over a wide wavelength range, to 96.7% for normal incidence.


The centrality of the files in a MIS (Management Information System), or in any other large scale computer application, has been traditionally considered as self-evident. The new problems of operating systems and the languages for use in the 3rd generation computers, plus the relatively unknown world of integrated data communications may tend to remove the files from the limelight. This should be avoided. Most business applications will continue to be "file bound," or I/O limited, even with random access to the data base.


A new generation of tined steroid‐eluding leads featuring 1.2‐mm2 distal electrodes (CapSure® Z, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis MN, USA) has the potential to reduce battery current drain and enhance pulse generator longevity by means of high pacing impedance and low pacing threshold. Forty patients aged 50–87 years (mean 72.4 years) were implanted with 33 ventricular (models 4033 and 5034) and 30 atrial‐J (models 4533 and 5534) leads with 1.2‐mm2 electrodes. Low pacing outputs, mainly in the range from 1 V/0.20 ms to 1.6 V/0.36 ms with ≥ 3:1 pulse width safety margins (PWSM) applied, were instituted at 3–6 months of implantation and adjusted at subsequent follow‐up controls according to changes in thresholds. Cumulative follow‐up period of low outputs was 1,512 months (24 months per lead, range 9–36 months), which involved 3.43 follow‐up controls per lead (range 2–5). During follow‐up, pulse width thresholds (PWTs) at the used amplitudes did not change in 55.5% of the leads; PWTs increased by ≤ 100% in 36.5%, by 101%–200% in 1.6%, and by > 200% in 6.3% of the leads. Changes in PWT that would apparently exceed 3:1 PWSM over a 1‐year period occurred in one atrial lead where even the nominal 3.5 V/0.4‐ms output would not be effective and in one ventricular lead in the aftermath of an acute myocardial infarction (300% PWT rise at 1.6 V). Based on the present observations, pacemaker dependent patients require ≥ 4:1 PWSM and other patients ≥ 3:1 PWSM with output pulse widths ≤ 0.60 ms and annual pacemaker clinic visits. Calculated battery current drain and anticipated longevity associated with a variety of pacing outputs and impedances are provided, compared, and discussed. Correlation between acute and chronic pacing impedances and pacing thresholds was weak, implying that a systematic intraoperative pacing site optimization cannot contribute significantly to the extension of average battery longevity.


Dynamic surveys for TCBS and EMB group bacteria among 26 observation stations within the Zhujiang River Estuary,South China Sea(21°50′~22°50′N,113°20′~114°50′E) were conducted during 1999~2002,and the results are as follows:(1) TCBS group includes 37% Ⅰ(Pseudomonas,Aeromonas),5% Ⅱ(Vibrio parahemolyticus) and 58% Ⅲ(Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio cholerae biotype EI-Tor,Vibrio alginolyticus).EMB group includes 14% Ⅳ(Proteus,Salmonella,and Shigella),50% Ⅴ(Enterobacter,Klebsiella,Hafnia,Sarratia),and 36% Ⅵ(Escherichia coli).(2) The values of annual mean CFU/mm~3 among the 26 stations are significantly different.Each station has more TCBS group than EMB group,indicating that TCBS group becomes native dominant whereas EMB group mainly comes from land-originated pollutions.(3) The 26 stations are clustered into four sub-clusters with no coincidence with their real linkages of geo-locations,suggesting that the interference effects by human activities are dominant over those by natural geo-isolations.Station G(Wanshan Islands) and Sta.H(Dangan Island) are the farthest isolated islands,but are clustered into two different sub-clusters.Station H has the highest value of TCBS group [(3.7×10~4±2.6×10~4) CFU/mm~3] whereas Sta.G as a natural farming area has the highest value of EMB group [(9.5×10~4±6.6×10~3) CFU/cm~3],indicating that farming activities produced pollutions dramatically.(4) The values of monthly mean CFU/cm~3 among TCBS and EMB group show similar variations annually and seasonally.(5) The Zhujiang River Estuary is further divided into south and north parts.The south part is heavily polluted by the land-originated EMB group bacteria,reflecting the high-through-put contaminations from the network of the Zhujiang River,the self-produced pollutions from costal farming areas,and the amplification in situ of all pollutions through farming activities.


Technology enactment, an analytical framework that focuses on the processes by which new information and communication technologies come to be used by organizational actors, is distinctly institutional in orientation. An institutional perspective provides a challenge to researchers to integrate attention to structure, politics and policy into studies of e-government. It also invites attention to the roles and relationships of formal and informal institutions. Formal institutions – laws, regulations, budget processes, and other governmental procedures – are central to legitimation and shaping incentives for the use of ICT as an integral and inseparable set of elements in the administrative state. Informal institutions – networks, norms and trust – are equally influential. Challenges in the development of e-government stem from core issues of liberty, freedom, participation and other central elements of democracy. Structurally, however, such challenges may be viewed through an institutional lens in terms of the adequacy of formal and informal institutions to support e-government. An institutional perspective, drawing primarily from economic sociology as well as from the institutional turn in economics, provides a path to deepening studies of information and communication technologies in government in ways that can illuminate state development and capacity. In addition, this chapter describes key institutional developments in e-government during two presidential administrations in the United States as well as key developments in state and local U.S. government.


Pineal tumors – of various kinds and occupying a central region nd a region of edges – still arouses great interest as evidenced y the contents of the report given to Dr. Carmine Mottolese by he French-speaking Society of Neurosurgery (Société de Neurohirurgie de Langue Franç aise). What issues are there for this natomical region, long considered mythical, and which still keeps any of its mysteries? Little to say that the pineal gland has fascinated anatomists and hilosophers since the earliest times of Antiquity. Corpuscle about mm in its longest axis, located in the center of the cranial cavty, the pineal gland has always puzzled and intrigued researchers nd clinicians. Because of its resemblance to a pine cone (Greek: ônarion; Latin: Pinus pinea) and its many and close vascular relaionships, Galen (130–210, AD) named it "glandula pinealis". From Galen's time to and including Descartes's time, the pineal land – because of its location between the "median ventricle" and he "posterior ventricle" – was considered to be a valve regulatng the flow of "Psyche pneuma", a vaporous substance thought o be the medium and the instrument of the Spirit. In those days, he belief was that the "median ventricle" (i.e. the third ventrile) was the seat of Reason, the "anterior ventricle" (i.e. the lateral entricles together) that of Imagination, and the "posterior ventrile" (i.e. the fourth ventricle) that of Memory, and the pineal gland egulated the passage of the Psyche pneuma between "median venricle" and "posterior ventricle". In fact, while not shedding doubt n the theory of the ventricular localization of Psyche, Galen – as good anatomist – considered that the valve function should be ttributed, not to the pineal gland, located outside the third ventrile and the aqueduct, but rather to the superior vermian appendix, s later Qusta Ibn Luga (864–923) stressed. Knowledge progressed little between the time of Galen and the enaissance. It is only during the sixteenth century that it was stablished that the cerebral ventricles were not filled with an eric substance but with liquid (the cerebrospinal fluid), (Massa, 536), and then that Vesalius (1543) questioned the theory of the entricular localization of the Spirit and the role of the pineal land in its regulation. In spite of anatomical evidence provided y Vesalius and several other distinguished anatomists, the role f the pineal gland in the regulation of the Psyche persisted. Thus escartes (1596–1650), depending more on philosophical belief han on the anatomical observations available at the time, considred the pineal gland and the region as the essential localization of he soul, or rather as the junction of the regulation of mental life (res


Work roll wear contours and wear profiles were analyzed on the basis of large amount of mea- sured work roll contour patterns and processing parameters.The method of building wear calculation func- tions for center portion abrasion and marginal abrasion respectively was used to develop a work roll wear prediction mathematical model for the 1700 mm hot strip mill of Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group)Co.by us- ing genetic algorithm.The calculated results of the prediction model are in good agreement with the mea- sured ones and can be applied to guide production in practice.


Nowadays, more and more business organizations are encouraged to find ways to produce high-quality products that are offered to users for their temporary enjoyment and then redistributed or sent to the next user pending. This is done without being conditioned to believe that we need to own something, use it for certain functions for a limited amount of time, and then throw it away. Toys are a perfect candidate for this approach. Given the lack of case studies explaining how companies can design and implement a circular economy in practice, especially in the toy industry, this study aimed to develop a case study based on Evertoys, a start-up operating in Romania, which is a country where the circular economy is only in an infancy phase. This study's objective was to analyze this business model from the circular economy perspective. Regarding the methodology, the work followed the research strategy of the case study, which was developed by analyzing the opportunities and challenges of this toy-as-a-service model and taking into consideration the components of the Business Model Canvas. Our findings indicated the presence of driving factors, as well as barriers, in the implementation of circular economy practices.


The utility model relates to an electric connector component. A plurality of sockets distributed side by side are arranged in the electric connector component for a plurality of butting connectors to be inserted and matched; the electric connector component comprises an insulation body and a terminator module arranged in the insulation body; the terminator module comprises a built-in circuit board and a plurality of terminator sets arranged in the built-in circuit board; the built-in circuit board is integrally designed and comprises a plurality of units corresponding to the sockets; the terminator sets are respectively arranged in the units and connected with the butting connectors that are inserted in the sockets; and the terminator module is also provided with a set of conduction circuits of electric components. As one electric component is commonly used by the adjacent units of the built-in circuit board, the use quantity of the electric components is reduced, thereby lowering the product cost.


The article is devoted to the unusual case of the rapid development of hypothermia with a number of contributing factors in extremely low temperature and high humidity. The case of forensic practice of Dmitrov Branch of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow region is reported.


Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and electrocatalytic membrane (ECM) can be used in the oxidative degradation of oil pollutants, and a combined method with both techniques can improve the overall degradation efficiency. The results of this study show that HC could promote the dispersion and dissolution of oil in water at 35°C with an inlet pressure of 0.30 MPa and cavitation time of 2 h. Under these conditions, the oil concentration increased from initial 90 mg/L to 215 mg/L, at which point the effect of the degradation by HC could be clearly detected. Then, when the cavitation time was 5 h, the oil concentration decreased from maximal 215 mg/L to 139 mg/L. Subsequently, at a current density of 2 mA/cm2, pH 6, residence time of 3.8 min, electrode spacing of 40 mm and solution temperature of 30°C, the removal rate of oil pollutants reached up to 98.81%. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis shows that ECM could degrade oil pollutants more effectively. Therefore the combination of HC and ECM was demonstrated to be an efficient method for the removal of oil pollutants in water.Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and electrocatalytic membrane (ECM) can be used in the oxidative degradation of oil pollutants, and a combined method with both techniques can improve the overall degradation efficiency. The results of this study show that HC could promote the dispersion and dissolution of oil in water at 35°C with an inlet pressure of 0.30 MPa and cavitation time of 2 h. Under these conditions, the oil concentration increased from initial 90 mg/L to 215 mg/L, at which point the effect of the degradation by HC could be clearly detected. Then, when the cavitation time was 5 h, the oil concentration decreased from maximal 215 mg/L to 139 mg/L. Subsequently, at a current density of 2 mA/cm2, pH 6, residence time of 3.8 min, electrode spacing of 40 mm and solution temperature of 30°C, the removal rate of oil pollutants reached up to 98.81%. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis shows that ECM could degrade oil pollutants more effectively. Therefore the combination of HC and ECM was...


The maximum instantaneous starting and stopping rates of stepping motors often restrict applications. Three simple methods of increasing these rates by as much as 300% are described. They apply to any type of motor and merely involve the addition of a cheap and simple circuit between the motor and its normal drive. The start/stop rates for the new techniques are predicted by simple methods which can also be usefully applied to the prediction of starting rates under normal operation.


Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have emerged as a viable networking approach due to their numerous aquatic applications in recent years. As a vital component of UASNs, routing protocols are essential for ensuring reliable data transmissions and extending the longevity of UASNs. Recently, several clustering-based routing protocols have been proposed to reduce energy consumption and overcome the resource constraints of deployed sensor nodes. However, they rarely consider the hot-spots' problem and the sink node isolation problem in the multihop underwater sensor networks. In this article, we propose a Q-learning-based hierarchical routing protocol with unequal clustering (QHUC) for determining an effective data forwarding path to extend the lifespan of UASNs. First, a hierarchical network structure is constructed for initialization. Then, a combination of unequal clustering and the Q-learning algorithm is applied to the hierarchical structure to disperse the remaining energy more evenly throughout the network. With the use of the Q-learning algorithm, a global optimal CH and next-hop can be determined better than a greedy one. In addition, the ${Q}$ value that guarantees the optimal routing decisions can be computed without incurring any additional costs by combining the Q-learning algorithm with clustering. The simulation results show that the QHUC can achieve efficient routing and prolong the network lifetime significantly.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Orthogonal frequency division multiplication (OFDM) is a digital transmission method developed to meet the increasing demand for higher data rates in communications which can be used in both wired and wireless environments. In this system high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major technical challenges, which brings serious impact on the hardware implementation. In literature, many schemes have been proposed for PAPR reduction, wherein the selective mapping (SLM) scheme is the most popular and widely discussed approach. However, SLM suffers from very high computational complexity because of the requirement of a large number of Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (IFFT) operations. A Modified SLM approach based on time domain sub block conversion technique to reduced computational complexity, in this technique frequency domain signal divide multiple sub blocks the number of the valid conversion matrices can be increased, and thus more candidate signals are available for PAPR reduction. By applying our scheme, the number of candidate signals can be increased from 12 in the original conversion matrix scheme to 28 and 128 for the two sub block and four-sub block cases, respectively.


In this study, the characteristics of the Arctic mixed‐phase cloud (AMC) have been investigated using data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement North Slope Alaska site from October 2006 to September 2009. AMC has an annual occurrence frequency of 42.3%, which includes 18.7% of single‐layered AMCs and 23.6% for multiple layers. Two cloud base heights (CBHs) are defined from ceilometer and micropulse lidar (MPL) measurements. For single‐layered AMC, the ceilometer‐derived CBH represents the base of the liquid‐dominant layer near the cloud top, while MPL‐derived CBH represents base of the lower ice‐dominant layer. The annual mean CBHs from ceilometer and MPL measurements are 1.0 km and 0.6 km, respectively, with the largest difference (~1.0 km) occurring from December to March and the smallest difference in September. The humidity inversion occurrence decreases with increasing humidity inversion intensity (stronger in summer than in winter). During the winter months, AMC occurrences increase from 15% to 35% when the inversion intensity increases from 0.1 to 0.9 g/kg. On the contrary, despite a higher frequency of strong humidity inversion in summer, AMC occurrences are nearly invariant for different inversion intensities. On average, humidity and temperature inversion frequencies of occurrence above an AMC are 5 and 8 times, respectively, as high as those below an AMC. The strong inversion occurrences for both humidity and temperature above an AMC provide the moisture sources from above for the formation and maintenance of AMCs. This result helps to reconcile the persistency of AMCs even when the Arctic surface is covered by snow and ice.


DOI: 10.21276/sjet.2018.6.2.4 Abstract: The present paper presents algebraic, analytical, approximate and iterative solutions and characteristics of oblique shock wave equation in a supersonic freestream. A closed-form solution of the cubic polynomial equation is having real and conjugate complex roots and associates with strong and weak shock wave. For known initial conditions and shock wave angle, upstream conditions can be obtained through careful application of the oblique shock wave table. But a numerical method is convenient as compared to oblique shock wave's graphs or tables for preliminary designing of highspeed vehicle. A numerical algorithm is developed based on the closed-form solution that can easily employ for rapid calculations of oblique shock wave angle. A computer program is written in FORTRAN language and compiled and executed on Linux to compute the oblique shock wave angle β. The exact solution of the oblique shock equation in terms of tanβ is obtained to compute oblique shock wave angle for given upstream flow conditions. The objective of the present study is to numerically evaluate shock wave angle and for the known entering Mach number.


From its first appearance in 1939 with a group of men knocking on pots and pans to the 1951 Trinidad All-Steel Percussion Orchestra (TASPO), steelband has fascinated the world. Relying largely on oral histories, this work investigates and documents the different technical, musical and organizational steps by which the steelband movement was born and grew to maturity. This study is a radical break with the approach to cultural creativity in general and music of the African diaspora in particular, emphasizing the role of individual agency, microsociology and aesthetic values. This contrasts with the "resistance" school of thought, which views music as an automatic reaction to oppression rather than a deliberate attempt to satisfy aesthetic needs and impulses. The minute biographical and psychological details provide a unique theory of creolization and chart its relationship to African retentions, based on empirical data. This authoritative study will appeal to both the general reader interested in the origins of steelband and to scholars concerned with the creolization of African and European cultures and Caribbean creativity.


An efficiency study is made of a plant-capture approach for estimating population size in recapture studies. The population is augmented by the insertion of a known number of planted individuals who have already been marked and whose behaviour is identical to that of other members. A comparison is made with the case where no plants are used by considering asymptotic efficiency and a simulation study.


ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of mental illness among people diagnosed with severe learning disabilities is well documented, however limitations in verbal, cognitive, emotional and social skills are often used as reasons to withhold referrals for psychotherapeutic interventions within this client group. Context This paper describes the one-year art-therapy informed psychotherapeutic work carried out with Ioanna, a 61-year-old lady with a dual-diagnosis that took place in a Residential Unit providing psychosocial support for people with severe psychiatric disorders and/or learning disabilities in Athens Greece during 2018. Approach Within the case-vignette the use of Plasticine as a therapeutic medium is presented. Concepts from psychodynamic and object-relations theory are also used as a framework for understanding the course of this therapeutic intervention. Outcomes The contribution of sensory materials appeared valuable in this psychotherapeutic intervention with an apparently 'untreatable' institutionalised service user, helping to build a trusting psychotherapeutic relationship, and enable Ioanna to regulate some of her challenging behaviours. Conclusions The use of Plasticine and play, and the development of a 'together and apart' game within a psychotherapeutic intervention, appeared to modify Ioanna's challenging behaviour, and improve her ability to relate and communicate with the therapist and her carers. Implications for research Research into the use of Plasticine as part of an art therapy programme for people with severe learning difficulties, would provide a useful addition to the knowledge in this area. A review of the current psychiatric services in Greece and of what constitutes 'clinical progress' also seems necessary. Plain-language summary This paper describes the one-year art-therapy informed psychotherapeutic work I undertook with Ioanna, a 61-year-old lady with a diagnosis of severe learning disabilities and mental illness. This took place in a Residential Unit providing psychosocial support for people with severe psychiatric disorders and/or learning disabilities in Athens Greece during 2018. At this time, I was also undergoing my art therapy training. The practice description in this paper describes the contribution of Plasticine as a sensory, therapeutic medium. Theories related to the relationship that a baby or child develops with its primary care giver are used as a framework for understanding the course of this therapeutic intervention. The relationship between learning disabilities and mental illness is well documented in clinical literature, however people with dual diagnosis or severe learning disabilities are often overlooked where referrals for psychotherapy are concerned, as it is believed that they cannot take part due to a perceived lack of communication skills. This paper describes how the use of Plasticine and playing a 'together and apart' game appeared to contribute to Ioanna's development of a trusting therapeutic relationship, the modification of challenging behaviour, and improved communication through the medium of Plasticine and play. Research into the use of Plasticine and the 'together and apart game' with this client group is recommended. It is also important to rethink and reflect on the provision of psychotherapeutic services within the current psychiatric services in Greece for this client group, and consider what constitutes clinical 'progress' from the client's perspective.


Name: Linda F. Bagby Department: Physics Title: Higgs Physics and the Layer Zero Upgrade for D0 Major: Basic Physics Degree: Master of Science


A recent clinical study demonstrated that damage to the insular cortex can disrupt tobacco addiction. The neurobiological mechanisms for this effect are not yet understood. In this study we used an animal model of nicotine addiction to examine the possibility that changes in insular cortex levels of dopamine (DA)‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP‐32), a phosphoprotein enriched in DA neurons containing DA D1 receptors, may be associated with changes in vulnerability to nicotine addiction. Once rats acquired self‐administration, they were given unlimited access to nicotine (0.01 mg/kg/infusion) for 23 h/day for a total of 10 days. Each infusion was paired with a visual cue (stimulus light) and auditory cue (sound of pump). Nicotine seeking, as assessed under a cue‐induced reinstatement paradigm, and markers of DARPP‐32 signaling, as assessed using western blot analysis, were examined in separate groups of rats at two different abstinent intervals: 1 and 7 days. Consistent with findings with other drugs of abuse, rats in the 7‐day abstinence group took longer to extinguish and responded at higher levels during reinstatement testing as compared with rats in the 1‐day reinstatement group. Relative to saline controls, rats in the 7‐day but not the 1‐day abstinence group had higher levels of DARPP‐32 phosphorylated at the protein kinase A site in the insular cortex. These results demonstrate incubation of drug seeking following extended access to nicotine self‐administration and suggest that enhanced protein kinase A signaling in the insular cortex via phosphorylation of DARPP‐32 at Thr34 is associated with this effect.


e11516 Background: Brain metastasis may occur in 10-15% of patients with breast cancer (BC). Such a diagnosis is associated with poor survival. In Saudi Arabia, there is no data on brain metastasis in BC patients. Our aim is to analyze the clinical characteristics, survival of different subtypes of BC patients with brain metastasis and to identify possible prognostic factors.

METHODS
Patients with brain metastasis were identified from a data base of BC cases diagnosed from January 2002 to July 2009 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Their clinical characteristics, pathological features and prognostic factors were analyzed. Survival since diagnosis of brain metastasis was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimate. A proportional hazards regression model was conducted to evaluate the effect of different subtypes.

RESULTS
Out of total 594 BC patients, 34 (5.72%) with brain metastasis were identified based on imaging and clinical findings. Median age at primary BC diagnosis was 39 years (range, 26 to 69) and median time to CNS metastasis was 16.01 months (range 0.03 to 47.7), 29 (85.29%) were ductal carcinoma, 3 (8.82%) lobular and 2 (5.88%) were unknown. HER2 overexpression was found in tumor from 16 patients, 6 (17.65%) of them were triple positive, 9 (26.47%) lacked expression of ER and PR and 1 (2.94%) had estrogen ER over expression with no progesterone PR overexpression. Of the 15 that lacked HER 2 overexpression, 7 (20.59%) overexpressed ER/PR, 2 (5.88%) overexpressed ER alone and 6 (17.65%) were triple negative (TNBC), while the remainder were unknown. Regarding CNS involvement, 25 (73.53%) were intraparenchymal while 3 (8.82%) had leptomeningeal involvement and 6 (17.65%) had both.

CONCLUSIONS
Nearly half of the BC patients with brain metastasis express HER2 TNBC confers the worst outcome among all histological subtypes. [Table: see text].


Transversely stressed precast concrete deck unit bridges are common on the Queensland road network for small and medium spans. This type of bridge is unique in terms of design and performance with a low level of transverse post-tensioning, upright external units and no shear-key. Recent analytical assessments of this type of bridge have identified problems associated with accurate modelling of the structural system raising concerns that the theoretical models do not represent actual performance under loads regarding the transverse live load distribution and overall bridge deck capacity. However, these structures have been performing well under normal traffic with no visual evidence of structural distress. In an effort to improve understanding and validate guidelines for the structural modelling and assessment of typical deck unit bridges, a three-year test program has been developed under the ARRB/Transport and Main Roads research agreement. The first year of the program includes static and dynamic load testing of an in-service deck unit type bridge in Queensland under known loads, as well as monitoring the behaviour of the bridge under normal traffic. This paper presents details and results of the load test and long-term monitoring, including preliminary findings.


With a review of the academic and journalistic literature, this chapter aims to further explore the shift toward a sustainable tourism in the context of UNESCO Natural Parks and Geoparks. Furthermore, the authors point out the persistence of a contradiction, that is, the presence of mining activities in the surrounding of above-mentioned UNESCO areas. After briefly reconstructing the socio-economic history of the mountain area of Serra da Estrela, located in the region of Beira Interior, in Central Portugal, the authors focus on the tension between two aspects: 1) the Post-Fordist model, concerning the transition to tourism development related to creation of UNESCO Natural Park and Geopark and 2) the reinforcement of lithium mining production and discovery of new deposits as an energetic and economic strategy for Portugal. In particular, the latter issue has given rise to various groups and movements of protest on a local basis. The claims of these groups suggest a radical paradigm shift in the development plans and in the conception of heritage in an ecological sense.


ABSTRACT
Rishma Yuristia, E0011265, 2016, INFLUENCE OF RULLIN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT VERDICT NUMBER. 21/PUU-XII/2014 TO VERDICT NUMBER 2/PID.PRAP/2015/PN.KFM REGARDING SUSPECT STATUS OF ONGKY SYAHRUL RAMADHONA AS SUSPECT FOR CRIME OF CORRUPTION. Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret.
This reseach aim to know the influence of rullin Constitutional Court verdict Number:21/PUU-XII/2014 regarding pretrial filing against the determination of the status of Ongky Syahrul Ramadhona as a suspect the perpetrators of the crime of corruption and considerations of Kefamenanu District Court's Judge in checking out and deciding of filling pretrial status assigment related Ongky Syarul Ramadhona as suspect were in accordance with Code of Criminal Procedure.
This reseach is normative legal reseach which both prescriptive and applied by case approach method. Analyzing of primary and secondary legal materials in the form of legislation, jurisdence, books of relevant law and other related resources. Legal materials collection technique in the writing of this law is literature study (studilybrary). Analysis techniques of materials by the method of deduction law of syllogism, pose mayor premise amd minor premise and drawn the conclusion.
The result of this study are among other the influence of rulling Constitutional Court Nomor:21/PUU-XII/2014 expanding scope of pretrial Investigation, First, the investigation is no longer only to find the suspect, but after the investigation was complete on the basis of at least two items of evidence valid as stipulated in Article 184 paragraph (1) the new Criminal Procedure Code can be determined who the suspects. Reasoning of pretrial submission is determination of the suspect was not valid because without ever summoned and questioned formally and not fulfilled their two items of legitimate evidence. Secondly, the investigation was not conducted in accordance with Article 1 paragraph 2 Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 184 paragraph (1) so that the determination of the status Ongky Syahrul Ramadhona a corruption suspect unauthorized. On the basis that in its decision: Granting Petition Pretrial entirety.
Keywords: Verdict of Constitutional Court, Pretrial, Suspect Corruption


The issue of free will and the violence opposing it is of scientific interest for philosophers, psychologists, lawyers. Manipulation is a category related to violence, and it has mainly deserved a scientific explanation either as a method of social management in sociology and philosophy, or as a method of interaction between the state and society in political science. Lawyers have shown less interest in it. The expansion of «information warfare», the establishment of criminal liability for «fakes» under art. 2071, 2072 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation made a legal understanding of these categories particularly relevant. The purpose of this study is an attempt to «implement» achievements in the field of philosophy, psychology, political science into the canvas of modern criminal law to develop a functioning definition of the coercion, manipulation, responsibility, and their relationship with free will as the basic category of all normative legal acts. Therefore, the novelty of the presented research lies in the very formulation of the question.
The methodological basis of the research if the system-functional and existential-phenomenological method and the experimental method.
Novelty. Criminal law studies have not been conducted before through the lens of the correlation of free will, coercion and manipulation.
Results. Freedom of will in criminal law is the possibility of choosing a certain behavior, whether coercion or manipulation opposes it. It is important to understand that there can be no categories of semi-freedom in law, free will is postulated, it acts as a kind of legal fiction, axiom, hypothesis. Therefore, the emphasis shifts to the establishment of responsibility, based on the premise that the subject had sufficient free will, which is opposed either by coercion or manipulation. The latter can only act as a way of committing a crime. Coercion and manipulation in criminal law have the same structural elements, therefore, the analysis of the phenomenon of «manipulation» in criminal law is constructed through a similar category of «coercion», which has a developed conceptual and methodological apparatus.
Practical significance. The results of the study offer a new approach to solving a number of practical problems related to the conceptual apparatus of the criminal law.
The conclusions of the work can become a theoretical basis for the practical activities of lawyers practicing «risk-oriented approaches» in criminal law.


Gender, migration and employment are all matters of interest to occupational scientists and the title of this book is promising. Unfortunately, the book fails to engage the reader in regards to both perspective and analysis. Drawing on research exploring dual career households, its particular focus is "the location and mobility decisions of dual career households currently working in Canada, the USA and the UK" (p. 1). This information is not made explicit on the back cover of the book, as indeed the author's definition of dual career households as "two heterosexual adults living as a couple" (p. 1). These perspectives – Western and heterosexual –limit exploration of the complexity involved with gender, migration and dual career households; a complexity that is central to the discipline of occupational science as understanding occupation across cultural contexts – be these ethnic, gender, environmental. While one book can not necessarily cover all perspectives, the narrow focus in this book is a disappointment.


Abstract Increasing lines of evidence indicate that chloroplast‐related genes are involved in plant–virus interactions. However, the involvement of photosynthesis‐related genes in plant immunity is largely unexplored. Analysis of RNA‐Seq data from the soybean cultivar L29, which carries the Rsv3 resistance gene, showed that several chloroplast‐related genes were strongly induced in response to infection with an avirulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), G5H, but were weakly induced in response to a virulent strain, G7H. For further analysis, we selected the PSaC gene from the photosystem I and the ATP‐synthase α‐subunit (ATPsyn‐α) gene whose encoded protein is part of the ATP‐synthase complex. Overexpression of either gene within the G7H genome reduced virus levels in the susceptible cultivar Lee74 (rsv3‐null). This result was confirmed by transiently expressing both genes in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by G7H infection. Both proteins localized in the chloroplast envelope as well as in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Because the chloroplast is the initial biosynthesis site of defence‐related hormones, we determined whether hormone‐related genes are involved in the ATPsyn‐α‐ and PSaC‐mediated defence. Interestingly, genes involved in the biosynthesis of several hormones were up‐regulated in plants infected with SMV‐G7H expressing ATPsyn‐α. However, only jasmonic and salicylic acid biosynthesis genes were up‐regulated following infection with the SMV‐G7H expressing PSaC. Both chimeras induced the expression of several antiviral RNA silencing genes, which indicate that such resistance may be partially achieved through the RNA silencing pathway. These findings highlight the role of photosynthesis‐related genes in regulating resistance to viruses.


Articles should be submitted by email as a Word file with no references to the authors anywhere in the document. The maximum number of words for articles is 8000. A list of keywords (maximum 8), short abstract (maximum 200 words), introduction and conclusion should be included. The word limit for book reviews is 2000 words. Submissions should be in 12 point or larger, double line spaced and with a left hand margin of at least 3 cm.


Various runtime factors impact memory latency and consequently impact application performance. Unfortunately the causal relationship is buried especially at runtime. In this paper we propose a new method for runtime estimation of application memory latency which helps discover the causal relationship. The new method leverages the hardware performance counters to calculate the average time that memory requests wait before getting fulfilled. We evaluate the method empirically in multiple scenarios and the estimation closely approximates the ground truth. We further demonstrate two examples of using the runtime estimation of application memory latency in application performance optimization and analysis, one in mitigating memory access interference in workload co-location and the other in dissecting the performance problem in the memory subsystem.


The paper presents the results of a research on the influence of plasticizing admixture based on modified polycarboxylates on the heat emission parameters of a hardening concrete mix prepared with the use of Portland cement. The admixture was applied in the amount from 0.5 to 4.0%. No influence of admixture dosing on the maximum temperature increase was noted. However, a clear correlation was obtained between the amount of admixture and the time of reaching the maximum temperature and the maximum rate of temperature increase.


This paper reports on a survey of ICT Access, Ability and Use conducted among 25 schools in England and Wales in 2002103. The survey concentrated on school staff, and sought to investigate links between four key areas: (a) access to ICT both in and outside school; (b) perceived and desired ICT ability of staff; (c) use of ICT both in and outside school; and (d) issues which inhibit increased use of ICT in teaching, learning and administration. Survey results indicated that access to ICT resources was high for this sample, both at school and at home. Furthermore, staff reported overall satisfaction with their ICT abilities across core applications, whilst calling for more training in 'advanced' applications. Despite these confident results regarding Access and Ability, staff reported wide variability in actual Use of ICT. Results drawn from the survey are contrasted with comparable studies from the UK and overseas, with a view to assisting schools to reap the benefits of e-learning innovations.


The globalization of the food industry and as a result the expansion of raw materials sources creates a problem of proper control, quality assurance and safety of raw materials and finished products. Primary factors, technological and microbiological parameters of raw materials, production management, conditions of storage (temperature fluctuations, humidity, intensity of technological conditions affecting the process of biochemical and physical-chemical nature) have an affect on product quality during storage. Conditions of storage are secondary but not less important factors. It is the presence or absence of active oxygen that causes fat oxidation, moisture condensation on the surface (worsens organoleptic characteristics and lead to premature products deterioration), a water activity Aw, the presence of micro-organisms and substances that provide the minimum concentration bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect in the product. Therefore, it becomes urgent to develop innovative methods of purposeful changes in the properties of food raw materials used in the production of meat and meat contained products, modification of characteristics of raw materials and how it is processed by physico-chemical and biochemical methods. This modification can take place at the stage of raw materials, its dispersion, modelling recipes and manufacturing techniques, as well as at the stage of the finished products storage while using elements of "active packaging". The results obtained for the change in micro-and protein-containing raw material nanolevels characteristics, as well as the production of stable dispersants and builders of the organic and inorganic functional characteristics allowed the development of new technological solutions to improve the functional and technological characteristics of minced and pate weight based on meat. These combined and standardized on micro-and nanoscale systems have pronounced technological characteristics thermostability which are stable to changes in pH and letting to improve or stabilize the sensor performance products of the product shelf life. Modern meat production technologies are used the set of measures designed to minimise the product contact with the environment in order to the extending date for consumption improving sanitary product conditions. Test conducted research of industrial products with micronized iron, spritely ethanol, activated silver and their combination had prolonged bacteriostatic effects. Results confirming the triple possibility increase time storage of first grade boiled sausages were obtained during storage compare to the control without the use of nanocomposites.


BACKGROUND
Research suggests that children exposed to parental drinking problems are at risk for maladjustment. However, the potential impact of drinking problems in a community sample and the processes involved in the relationship between parental drinking and child outcomes have rarely been examined.

METHOD
A community sample of 235 mothers and fathers of kindergarten children completed measures of problem drinking symptoms, family functioning and child adjustment.

RESULTS
Model tests indicate that problem drinking was associated with greater marital conflict, and that marital conflict was related to ineffective parenting which was in turn related to poorer child adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
Even in a community sample, parental problem drinking behaviors are associated with reduced family functioning that relates to child outcomes.


Abstract : The dependence of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water drops on temperature and the duration of supercooling has been studied. The rain-sized drops were placed on an oiled aluminium surface and thermoelectric refrigeration was used to provide constant cooling-rates and to maintain constant temperatures. Once-distilled tap-water and melted snow and hail were investigated. Only the first two of these showed definite time-dependent properties. The experimental results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that all drops have equal probability of nucleation (stochastic hypothesis), and also with the hypothesis that the freezing temperature of a drop is the characteristic temperature of one of the impurities contained in the drop (''singular'' hypothesis). The results can be explained if the existence of a variety of nuclei is recognized, each of which is most likely to cause nucleation in a different range of temperatures, and if the nucleation probability associated with each impurity is a function of the temperature of the sample. (Author)


We analyzed the unit cell performance against the cathode porosity, which is supposed to be closely related with active sites for the cathode reaction. In order to fabricate the unit cells with different porosity in the cathode layer we changed the mixing ratio of fine and coarse LSCF cathode powders. The final porosity of each cathode layer was 14, 23, 27, respectively. According to the electrochemical analysis of unit cell performance via DC current interruption and AC impedance method, the electrodic polarization resistance was diminished as the cathode porosity increased. The decrease of polarization resistance was attributed due to the increase of active reaction sites and the enhancement of overall unit cell performance could be explained in the same line.


Layered birnessite-type manganese oxide inserts alkylamines (decylamine–octadecylamine) by ion-exchange and intercalation mechanisms and the concomitant expansion is compatible with formation of a head-to-tail layer of interdigitated amine. The structural arrangement of the MnO2–alkylamine mesophases is sensitive to temperature, and at a temperature dependent on the chain length of the intercalated alkylamine, undergoes a phase transition to a more highly expanded phase. The basal spacing of the more expanded phases formed at higher temperature indicates that de-interdigitation occurs to give a bilayer organisation of neutral and protonated alkylamine species. The phase transition temperature is identified by differential scanning calorimetry. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy shows that while the local structure around manganese is not affected by intercalation, it provides evidence that this transition is accompanied by partial lowering of the oxidation state of manganese and migration of manganese into the interlayer region. This phase transition is reminiscent of some of those observed in phospholipid membranes, but seems to represent a new phenomenon for inorganic intercalates.


This article considers the terms culture and healing, critiques perpetuation of colonizing perspectives in conventional trauma-informed mental health approaches, and introduces Gathering Our Medicine, an innovative community framework created by Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish; Coast Salish Peoples Indigenous to the lands of Southern British Columbia, Canada) practitioner Denise Findlay in response to the need for decolonial approaches to mental health for Indigenous communities throughout British Columbia, Canada. The framework encourages re-imagining healing and mental health practices through values such as lateral kindness that draw from distinct traditional Indigenous philosophies, ontologies, and epistemologies. By revitalizing and centring distinctive traditional knowledges about actualization, transformation, and healing, the framework provides a role for allies that disrupts the impulse to deny culpability that Indigenous scholar Susan Dion calls the perfect stranger position. Findlay provides an alternative—the imperfect friend—drawing on kinship practices as effective indirect praxis for collective healing and well-being, transforming the distanced expert into engaged community member.


This round table aimed at exploring how different female traumatic experiences have found expression through literature. For that purpose, the session began with an introduction to the question of trauma in the field of the humanities. Then the discussion focused on the representation of individual trauma through the poems of Anne Sexton. After that, the debate explored how social trauma was transmitted transgenerationally by analyzing Nora Okja Keller's novel Comfort Woman. Finally, the work of Arab American women writers served to illustrate the issue of collective trauma caused by September 11, 2001. 1. Mònica Miravet Hernández According to the American Psychological Association, trauma is a response to an event outside the range of usual human experience. The mind is wounded by a sudden, unexpected, emotional shock. As a consequence, the means of interpreting the world are upset and the victims often feel haunted by intrusive memories that fail to be integrated in their minds and find it difficult, if not impossible, to narrate their traumas, which thus become unspeakable. Trauma studies have permeated the field of the humanities especially since the 1990s, when the research carried out by clinicians was widely circulated. Since then, in the analysis of literature, trauma theory has been increasingly adopted as a perspective which can shed new light on texts dealing with traumatic experiences. Noteworthy contributions to the field of trauma in the humanities were made by Cathy Caruth, Soshana Felman, Geoffrey Hartman, Dominick LaCapra, Dori Laub, and Michael Rothberg, among others. One of the characteristics of trauma literature PROCEEDINGS 31ST AEDEAN CONFERENCE 900 is the emphasis on the search for new ways of representing an experience that resists representation.


Laws and regulations concerning corporate governance dictate that a system of internal control is an essential element in the structure. Information security is a subset of that internal control system. Well formed controls provide assurance that the majority of events will be detected in sufficient time to counter any adverse impact on the organisation, whilst others assist recovery when disaster strikes.


Abstract A highly efficient method for the deacetylation of thioacetate is reported under mild acidic conditions employing acetyl chloride in methanol. Some of the major advantages are mild conditions, high efficiency, high yields, and easy operations.


Soft contact lens (SCL) deposits may diminish the optical performance of the lens, cause ocular irritation, and possibly irreversible ocular changes. Nevertheless, some deposits were invisible and hard to be detected under slit lamp examination. In this study, we tried to use spectrophotometry to evaluate the deposits on 78 long-term used but otherwise clean-seeming SCLs. Same type new SCLs were used as reference. The spoilaged SCLs (13%) had nearly complete transmission under visible light range, but showed a high spike absorption over UV light spectrum (260-280mm). Under histological examination, a layer of deposit was found on the convex surface of SCL, which could not be completely removed after the conventional cleaning procedures.


On Sunday June 27; Helen Keller celebrated her 85th birthday quietly in her home in Westport, Connecticut. In honor of the occasion the United States Senate passed a special resolution, and governors of more than thirty states proclaimed the day as Helen Keller Day. The resolution, which was introduced by Senators Lister Hill and Thomas Kuchel reads: Whereas Miss Helen Keller will celebrate her eightyfifth birthday on June 27, 1965; and Whereas this remarkable woman, through her triumph over the blindness and deafness which struck her in infancy, has been a symbol of faith and courage and a challenging inspiration to all mankind; and Whereas she has tirelessly devoted herself to the improvement of conditions for the physically handicapped throughout the world; and Whereas as Counselor to the American Foundation for the Blind, she has guided programs to advance the economic, cultural and social opportunities of blind and deaf-blind persons throughout the United States; and Whereas through the Helen Keller World Crusade for the Blind, administered by the American Foundation for Overseas Blind, she has inspired programs for the education and rehabilitation of blind persons around the globe; and Whereas Congress and the Chief Executive have expressed deep concern in improvement of conditions among the physically handicapped, and have initiated constantly expanding programs to this worthwhile end: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That, in recognition of the vast contributions made by Miss Helen Keller to the well-


Abstract. Stable water isotope measurements from polar ice cores
provide high-resolution information about past hydrologic conditions and are therefore important for understanding earth's climate system. Routine
high-resolution measurements of δ18O, δD, and deuterium
excess are made by continuous-flow analysis (CFA) methods that include laser spectrometers. Cavity ring-down laser spectroscopy (CRDS) allows for
simultaneous measurements of all stable water isotopes, including δ17O and 17O excess (Δ17O); however, the limitations
of CFA methodologies for Δ17O are not well understood. Here, we
describe a measurement methodology for all stable water isotopes that uses a CFA system coupled with a CRDS instrument. We make repeated measurements of an ice-core section using this method to explore the reproducibility of CFA–CRDS measurements for Δ17O. Our data demonstrate that the CFA–CRDS method can make high-precision measurements of Δ17O (< 5 per meg at averaging times > 3000 s). We show that the
variations within our CFA ice-core measurements are well matched in
magnitude and timing by the variations within the discrete CRDS
measurements; we find that calibration offsets generate most of the
variability among the replicate datasets. When these offsets are accounted
for, the precision of CFA–CRDS ice-core data for Δ17O is as
good as the precision of Δ17O for continuous reference water
measurements. We demonstrate that this method can detect seasonal
variability in Δ17O in Greenland ice, and our work suggests
that the measurement resolution of CFA–CRDS is largely defined by the melt
and measurement rate. We suggest that CFA–CRDS has the potential to increase measurement resolution of δ17O and Δ17O in ice
cores, but also highlight the importance of developing calibration
strategies with attention to Δ17O.


The genus Amaranthus belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, order Caryophyllales, and includes dicotyledonous annual plants and consists of approximately 70 species, which can be classified into grain and vegetable amaranths. In this article we discussed about various properties of Amaranthus spinosus Linn.


Engine thrust vectoring (TV) is an emerging new technology for future military and civil aircraft in which the Technion has made significant contributions. Rapidly deflecting engine jets to maneuver the aircraft with or without conventional aerodynamic flight control (CAFC) significantly enhances the flight safety, agility, and combat kill-ratio capabilities of fighter aircraft in the near term and enhances the safety of civil transport jets in the long term. There are yet no realistic predictions of engine dynamic responses to yaw-pitch-roll TV commands in the public domain. Hence, the primary aim of this work is to provide such a first. The results obtained comprise, therefore, a required fundamental step for advanced aircraft/TV implementation. The selection of this work focuses on the Lockheed-Martin TV F-16/F-100 research study conducted at the Technion. A unique TV-engine computer algorithm has been developed that expands the conventional steady-state modeling capabilities of onand off-design as well as the conventional transients (via throttle changes) to create realistic dynamic TV-engine simulations at various altitudes and Mach numbers. This work has been expanded to include predictions for TV in civil aircraft (via a fixed geometry nozzle) under the same conditions. It is concluded that the military TV configuration, as expected, produces no variations in engine performance while providing TV flight control benefits. It is also demonstrated that under the same dynamic conditions, the civil configuration provides an increase in thrust, enhancing the benefits available from TV in the civil domain.


We are developing GA-based tools for use in constructing high quality approximations to continuous functions. In this paper we report on a GA-based method for adaptively selecting effective interpolation points. We evaluate our approach on a variety of test functions, and we compare are results to more traditional approaches. The results are quite promising and suggest directions for further improvements.


The current nosology in the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV TR), identifies those whose gender identities or expressions differ from their assigned birth sex as mentally ill. As the American Psychiatric Association (APA) prepares its fifth edition of the DSM, gender variant individuals face the stigma of mental disorder and sexual deviance resulting from this classification and/or worsened barriers to medical transition care that requires some form of diagnostic coding. We propose a solution following a harm reduction model in which the current Gender Identity Disorder (GID) diagnosis is replaced by one that distinguishes the normative distress of membership in a subjugated class from the distress of incongruence between anatomy and identity (historically termed gender dysphoria). We suggest renaming the diagnosis to clarify distress of gender dysphoria as the problem rather than gender identity itself. We recommend revision in the DSM-5 that would: (1) no longer promote gender identity conversion treatment, aimed at repressing gender identities and expressions that differ from birth assigned roles, (2) respect individual gender identities with appropriate pronouns and terms, (3) eliminate false-positive diagnosis of ego syntonic gender variant and posttransition individuals, (4) relocate the redefined GID diagnosis outside of the section of sexual disorders, and (5) eliminate the defamatory and stigmatizing category of transvestic fetishism. Finally, we urge the APA to issue position statements affirming that gender identity and expression that differ from assigned birth sex do not constitute mental disorder, while asserting the medical necessity of hormonal and surgical transition treatments for those who suffer painful distress with physical sex characteristics or ascribed birth-sex roles incongruent with their persistent gender identity.


This essay summarizes and expatiates the background and the purpose of laboratory opening, the methods of realizing the laboratory opening, the achievements and personal experiences of running open extracurricular experiments.


The medieval jurists had to adapt the rules of ancient Roman law to the needs of their time. Not all these adaptations can be viewed positively. Justinianic law provided the legal framework for the late medieval resurgence of chattel slavery. Serfdom was also accommodated within the Roman law of persons. On the other hand, restrictions on the ability of women to participate in business were relaxed. A theory of legal personality was developed. In property law, the jurists conceptualized feudal tenure as a form of quasi-ownership. The renaissance of the Roman testament transformed the law of succession. The elaboration of a doctrine of change of circumstances was an important step in the development of contract law. The scope of delictual liability was enhanced and the groundwork for a theory of vicarious liability was laid. Despite grave blemishes, the modernization of Roman law is a remarkable achievement of the medieval jurists.


letter of b?? is one of ?ur?f al-ma??n? that was researched by both grammarians and scholars of the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. It bears many meanings, but the most influential meanings in the provisions of Sharia are adjoining, causality, transgression, accompaniment, substitution, adverbial and oath. These meanings were not all agreed upon among the scholars; some of them disagreed in the meanings of some of them as substitutions, and the consensus on some of them as adjoining. And the validity of its implication to the rest of the meanings. It should be noted that the scholars of jurisprudence and the Islamic principles applied the meanings on the texts in the law, and in the hadith of the creation and the words of sellers and buyers, givers of charity endowments and will-writers and divorced couples and others. It is required that in order to apply these meanings on the words of people, they should speak according to the standard language fu???, or at least use the letter b?? in accordance with Arabic language.


We present an approach to and an example of the simulation of drive induced oscillation (DIO) in a coupled cavity TWT based on a large signal, multi-frequency steady state formulation of the governing equations. A simulation code based on such a formulation can provide results in less time than a time domain approach, since it avoids having to integrate the governing equations through the initial transient startup of the amplifier. Two approaches to inhibiting DIO, namely (1) the introduction of a circuit velocity step in the output section, and (2) the use of lossy material in selected cavities in the output section are demonstrated using the large signal frequency domain code CHRISTINE-CC.


In sheet metal forming industry, surface damage and wear such as adhesion and ploughing of metallic sheet, is a well-known problem which reduces the tool life and quality of drawn elements. Surface defects are the consequences of wear and they accelerate the galling process. The knowledge of places particularly endanger wear allows appropriate design of tools. In this paper, an investigation that focused on the finite element-based analysis of wear of stamping tool for forming an axisymmetric drawpiece has been reported. The analyses were carried out for deep-drawing quality steel sheet with a sheet thickness of 2 mm. The basic mechanical parameters of the sheet tested are determined in uniaxial tensile tests. The analyses performed using Marc/Mentat program for nonlinear analyses take into account the strain hardening phenomenon of sheet material and different values of friction coefficient. The implementation of an Archard's wear model in the numerical simulation proved the possibility of tool wear simulation in sheet metal forming. As a result of the conducted tests, the places of the stamping die potentially exposed to quick wear were determined. It was found that the most exposed region on accelerated wear is the upper part of the die radius.


Abstract The effect of pH on the jejunal disappearance rates (micromoles per minute per 30 cm.) of dipeptides was studied in healthy human volunteer subjects by an in situ perfusion technique. Test solutions with a pH of 7.00 or 2.25 contained dipeptides with varying potentials for digestion, namely glycylglycine or glycyl-L-leucine (40 mM each). The selection of pH values was designed to establish environmental conditions which either favored or inhibited the hydrolysis of dipeptides by the mucosal enzymes. Acidification of the jejunal segment equally reduced the disappearance rates of both glycylleucine (477 ± 35 vs. 289 ± 36, p


A computer program written in BASIC language that calculates, updates, and stores the A value used in the formula for the determination of intraocular lens power is presented. It has the structure of a subroutine, and can either be easily integrated into an already existing larger program or it can function independently of another program.


ABSTRACT An analysis and computational simulations are carried out for the creep buckling and stochastic delamination onset failures of viscoelastic columns under piezoelectric control. Creep buckling times and probabilities of failure are determined and design criteria based on divergence times and/or times to reach preassigned levels of failure probabilities are examined. It is shown that piezoelectric control can be effectively used to delay, but not eliminate, creep buckling and delamination onset. Since the failure theories consider the combined effects of bending, shear, compression and normal interlaminar stresses, delamination onset is predicted at smaller axial loads than the critical buckling loads in the elastic case and at shorter viscoelastic lifetimes.


Machine to machine (M2M) communication networks consist of thousands of low cost, low energy, low computational power and memory sensors nodes. Due to the autonomous monitoring, self organization, low power consumptions and remote accessibility of sensors, M2M communication networks gain momentum in environmental monitoring, pollution detection, agriculture, disasters monitoring and many similar applications. It is evident that sensor-based agriculture monitoring systems are being designed and implemented mostly in the context of developed countries. However, these monitoring systems do not focus on the implementation of sensor-based M2M networks for the benefit of farmers in developing countries. This paper presents (i) the current state of the art research in sensor-based M2M communication networks for agriculture monitoring, (ii) several existing agricultural monitoring systems and compare them on different design factors, (iii) the technical framework of some recent deployment of agriculture monitoring systems in developing countries and identify their design challenges and (iv) major design and implementation differences of these monitoring systems in developed and developing countries.


Food preference and utilization experiments with Sitophilus oryzae (L.) used 17 corn genotypes, including 11 inbreds with waxy (wx, wx) and opaque 2 (Op2) conversions and 6 commercial hybrids. Measurements made on each genotype on number of adults attracted and the number of eggs laid indicated that higher numbers of rice weevils were attracted to the hybrids than to inbred lines. Measurements in utilization of food were days required to reach pupation, amount of food consumed, feces excreted, and pupal weight. Efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), approximate digestibility (AD), and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were calculated indices. The weevils were sensitive to the various genotypes. Time required to pupation was longer in normal genotypes if compared with those having either the Op2 gene or the wx gene. The wx gene reduced the food consumed and feces excreted, and ECI and ECD were lower in genotypes with Op2 but higher when the wx gene was present. Food consumed and fecal weight were higher for the hybrids compared with the inbred lines, but the ECI and ECD indices were lower.


Strict integrity policy(SIP) of Biba model was used to maintain the integrity of data in computer systems,but it might deny some non-malicious access requirements,and hence decrease the compatibility of applications.An improved SIP with historical characteristics based on the subject's history behavior was presented,which increased the compatibility of the software while keeping system integrity as strictly as SIP could.An implementation algorithm for the constructed enforcement scheme was given.The improved SIP had the same complexity with the ordinary enforcement scheme.


In response to Robert McCreight and Linda Kiltz, the authors propose that the role of academia is not to await government guidance on homeland security curriculum content, but rather to define that discipline and its supportive education via the triad of teaching, research, and service. This article contends that a sizable cadre of civic-minded individuals is already present, and that academia's focus must be to develop and promulgate new knowledge across the cross-section of new students and experienced professionals. This new knowledge must include practical skills applicable to the broad scope of emergency preparedness and should leverage educational technology in its delivery.


Splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs involves two enzymatic ac t i v i t i es : the splicing endonuclease which excises the intron and the ligase which joins the resulting half molecules. In vertebrates these processes have mainly been studied using Xenopus oocyte (1) and HeLa ce l l extracts (2). Here we report that these act iv i t ies can be obtained in large amounts from nuclear extracts of human leukaemia ce l ls . Nuclei were obtained as the 25000xg sediment after ce l l lysis (3) in buffer A (4). 10 pelleted nuclei were resuspended in 3 ml buffer C (4) and treated with a Dounce homogenizer un t i l the nuclear membranes became s l ight ly deformed (commonly two strokes were enough). After gentle s t i r r ing for 30 min, the intact nuclei were removed by centrifugation for 30 min (25000xg). The supernatant was dialysed for 5 h against buffer D (4) and centrifuged again (4). 1.5 1 human leukaemia cel ls yield 55 ml nuclear extract (22 mg protein/ ml). When stored at -fiO °C i t remained active at least for nine months. With human intron-containing pre-tRNA y r as a substrate (5) this crude extract showed strong splicing endonuclease (Fig. 1 A, lane a) and ligase a c t i v i t y ; processing enzymes were not detectable. Dif ferent ial precipitat ion of spl icing endonuclease with 40 % (NH ) SO lead to a 5-fold enrichment. The l i gase remained in the supernatant (Fig. 1 A, lane d) and could be concentrated by precipitation with 80 % (NH ) SO. . When chromatography of the spl icing endonuclease fraction was performed on a Whatman P l l phosphocellulose column (max. 1 mg protein/ml column volume), more than 50 % of the applied protein appeared in the flowthrough which was free of any kind of act iv i t ies part ic ipat ing in pre-tRNA maturation (Fig. 1 A, lane f ) . After elution with a l inear KC1 gradient from 0.15-0.8 H, processing ac t iv i t ies appeared in f r . 18 to 21 and produced processed pre-tRNA s t i l l containing the intron (Fig. 1 B). The s p l i cing endonuclease eluted between 0.25-0.45 M KC1 ( f r . 24 to 30). Fr. 30 was


Scant information is available about how transplant centers are managing their use of quantitative molecular testing (QNAT) assays for active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection monitoring in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The current study was aimed at gathering information on current practices in the management of CMV infection across European centers in the era of molecular testing assays.


situation particularly paradoxical and interesting is that it was lower-caste political practice which was re-casting Tamil as a 'classical' language. The battle between Tamil and Sanskrit, Dravida and Arya, is one that animated one of the most powerful anti-Brahmin movements in the country. The explicit patriarchy of Tamilpparru further complicates this battle over identities and linguistic power. That this was merely an instance of the patriarchal nature of caste and nationalist politics in India is not surprising. What is curious, however, is that Ramaswamy's subtle reading of Tamilpparru never engages head-on with the political context within which the politics of language is located. On the contrary, she restricts herself simply to the discursive practices involved in the conceptualization of Tamiltay. The case of Periyar-atheist, critic and, from her own discussion, a late (and possibly reluctant) convert to Tamilpparru-would have been an interesting entry point into the relationship between the politics of movements and of language. These concerns apart, and they strike one precisely because of the nuanced nature of the work, Passions of the Tongue is a very significant contribution to the growing body of work on the nation, modernity, and caste in modem India.


Ancient cities of stone, stately mansions with neo-classical porticoes and Main Streets lined with quaint brick facades — ripe for repair and retail — have undisputed value as cultural artifacts as well as for their ability to attract tax benefits and tourist dollars. Less established are the theoretical underpinnings for the preservation of works dating from the years 1945-1970 — usually referred to as the ''Recent Past'' by historic preservation specialists. The scale of postwar architecture and designed landscapes has presented unique challenges to planners, architects and preservationists: urban renewal projects, military bases measured in miles not acres, and thousands of suburban housing tracts are among the places that may be viewed as historic. At the same time, the postwar period is not without its detractors in this post-colonial, post-Communist era. In light of shifting attitudes about globalization, do works evidencing the impact of late colonial regimes on local architecture merit preservation? However, the creative potential of adaptive reuse and additions to historic buildings have presented new opportunities for contemporary practitioners. Santiago Calatrava's new wing for Eero Saarinen's Milwaukee Art Museum (1964) raises different questions than would an addition to a neoclassical building. When iconic buildings are involved, a firestorm of criticism can result, as was the case when Anshen 1 Allen built a new facility (1996) replacing the eucalyptus grove at Louis Kahn's Salk Institute (1965). On the other hand, some of the worst products of urban renewal, such as the 1960s superblocks, could be improved and humanized through the process of re-conceptualization. February 2008 Collateral Damage: War & Architecture Adam Drisin, Florida International University W. E. Newman, Washington University in St. Louis


Welding of composites decreases their material strength. Proper evaluation of FEM simulations is necessary for correct design and safety factor determination. Neat and reinforced PP and PC specimens were measured on a testing machine to obtain their material properties. Experimental tensile curves were used as inputs in FEM simulations. 15 combinations of specimen were welded on laser work machine and afterwards the welded joint strength was measured on the testing machine. The results of shear tests and FEM simulations are compared in this paper. Also the influence of fiber presence in composites on welded joint strength is discussed. At the end suggestions for safe machinery design of laser welded reinforced composites are given.


In order to analyse the electromagnetic field of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, the wavelet finite element method is applied to compute the electromagnetic field of it. First, the basic theory of Daubechies' wavelet is studied. Then the wavelet finite element model of the electromagnetic field of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is constructed. Then simulation analysis of electromagnetic field is carried out by the wavelet finite element method, the traditional finite element method and actual test. And simulation results show that the wavelet finite element method has better convergence and can use fewer wavelet finite elements to get the higher computing precision for computing the electromagnetic field of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor.


We show that polyamines specifically enhance the synth theses of "correct"aminoacyl tRNAs (~. ~., using the p~finyl alanine:tRNA ligase of yeast, one synthesizes Phe-tRNA e) and specifically inhibit the possible misacylations such as Tyr Phe-tRNA that are encouraged by the commonly used high magnesium reaction conditions. We relate this enhancement of rate and precision to current proposals on the mechanisms of enzymic catalysis and extend the concept to the certainty that some of the pre-transition state "strain" in the enzyme· substrate complex is in the form of uniquely structured water associated with the enzyme. Release of this structured water during the transition state contributes high positive entropy of activation which lowers the free energy of the transition state, thereby enhancing catalysis.


Palliative care is both a philosophy of care and an organized system for delivering care. The goals of palliative care are to prevent and relieve suffering and support the best possible quality of life for patients and their families.1 Contrarily to common belief, palliative care is not synonymous with hospice care and should be introduced early in the disease process, possibly even at the time of diagnosis. Indeed, palliative care, with its emphasis on symptom management and quality of life, nurtures a sense of well-being and is an important coping principle in the care of children with life-threatening illnesses.2

Although many strides have been made in the management of children with sickle cell disease (SCD), the life expectancy of these patients is still significantly decreased compared with the general population. Indeed, a recent study reported that half of all patients with sickle cell anemia only survive into their 40s.3 The chronicity of illness in SCD is punctuated by painful episodes, end-organ disease with the development of chronic sequelae, and fear of sudden death. Infection, acute chest syndrome, stroke, and multiorgan failure continue to be the main causes of death.4,5 As such, one can assume that the principles of palliative care are relevant and should be applied to patients with SCD. Current literature on pediatric palliative care, however, does not consistently list SCD as an illness that is appropriate for palliative care, and children with SCD are only occasionally included in palliative care programs once the onset of complicating sequelae has occurred.

In …

Address correspondence to Brenda McClain, MD, FAAP, Yale University School of Medicine, Director of Pediatric Pain Management Services, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, 333 Cedar St, TMP-3, New Haven, CT 06520-8051. E-mail: brenda.mcclain{at}yale.edu


Is your group missing out on practice-management system functions critical to efficient operations and reduced overhead? Most practices don't maximize the capabilities of their office systems, hampering operational efficiency.


Organizations of all kinds are striving to operate and function in the most effective and efficient way. Today's rapidly changing environment has created many challenges for organizations to achieve their objectives efficiently and effectively. Competitiveness, customer satisfaction, and customer retention are some of the many approaches academics and practitioners have investigated. Recently (Mobile-CRM) has received wide interest from many researchers. This paper investigates the effect of mobile CRM on employees' performance in Egypt; used a quantitative explanatory research design to test empirically the effect of mobile CRM in a call-center and banking sector in the Egyptian market. A survey questionnaire was distributed to employees from 25 companies implementing mobile CRM in their operations. The results suggest that the variables had a positive effect on employee's performance.


Introduction: There have been a limited number of studies conducted to determine the pattern of relapse and survival in patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal cancer. Aim: To evaluate the survival and recurrence patterns in esophageal cancer patients with a pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Material and methods: This retrospective study was performed on 159 esophageal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A checklist of demographic and clinicopathological variables was filled. Then, survival and recurrence patterns in esophageal cancer patients with complete and near complete pathologic responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were evaluated. Results: Among 159 of 1117 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 147 patients had a complete pathological response and 12 had a near complete pathological response. In this study variables included age, type of tumor and tumor distance from the incisors, which showed no significant difference, and among them, only sex and addiction were associated with the results. The overall survival and 1 year and 3 years disease-free survival were 59.1 ±2.5%, 89.4 ±2.7%, 62.8 ±5.7% respectively. Conclusions: Almost all patients with complete pathological responses had well-differentiated cells and those with near complete responses had moderately differentiated cells; the most common type of recurrence was observed in the systemic type of disease and the most common sites were the lungs and liver. Women and people with no history of addiction showed better responses to treatment and had higher levels of survival.


Ta3N5 is regarded as a promising candidate material with adequate visible light absorption and band structure for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the performance of Ta3N5 is severely limited by the surface recombination as well as the mismatch between the hole diffusion length and light absorption depth. We report here a facile method to prepare a high-efficiency Ta3N5 planar photoelectrode with Zr doping. When doped with Zr, the measured photocurrent density of the Ta3N5 photoanode increased from 5.4 mA cm−2 to 7.2 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with Co(OH)x catalyst decoration, while the onset potential shifted negatively by 120 mV. Through electrochemical tests and structural characterization, it was found that Zr doping increased the surface oxygen concentration and reduced the interfacial charge transport resistance. Doping was also beneficial for surface passivation and the suppression of electron–hole recombination. As a result, the photogenerated voltage of Ta3N5 increased with simultaneous Zr doping and catalyst decoration, which was conducive to the charge separation and transfer behaviour.


The human ability to recognize speech drastically outperforms that of commercial ASR systems especially in noisy environments. Presently, there is limited knowledge of the auditory system dynamics, however it is known that coding and processing of information is carried out via action potentials. This research aims to better understand the coding mechanisms along the auditory pathway, while devising a noise robust system for speech recognition. A biologically plausible algorithm for vowel classification is proposed, which solely uses spikes for both the feature extraction and the classification stages. The algorithm uses an improved and adaptive model of the inner‐hair cell [Sumner et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 893–901 (2003)] to generate spike trains at different characteristic frequencies. The synchrony among the hair cells is used as a noise robust means for feature extraction. Detected features are then classified using a spike‐based rank order coder, which uses the spike arrival times to the posts...


The article shows the distribution relations in expansive interpretation: a symbiosis of the distribution as the date of manufacture and as a moment of exchange. In this case new is the idea that distributive relations in production form the objective normative proportions, based on social norms, which are then adjusted market institutions in the sphere of circulation. This allows us to enter the concept of strain distribution relations.


Abstract Data acquisition at the planning stage of a project involves the identification of hazards, namely, major hazards, tractable hazards and materials hazards. Hazards can have a significant effect on the cost of a project, especially if discovered during construction. Data acquisition should include sub-surface investigations at the planning stage to minimize the risk of expensive surprises.


A fuel tank fill apparatus according to the present disclosure is adapted to conduct fuel toward the fuel tank of a vehicle. The fuel tank fill apparatus includes a fuel-tank filler neck for conducting fuel to the fuel tank and a capless closure assembly that couples to the fuel-tank filler neck in such a way so as to be removed for serviceability.


In this article, I examine extant fragments of works by Xenophanes from the perspective of fallibilist interpretations. I begin with a general description of the fallibilist position and specify how fallibilism may be understood. To this end, I analyze select definitions of fallibilism with special attention paid to Susan Haack's research on this doctrine. A distinction between positive and negative fallibilism is also introduced. The main aim of the article is to analyze key epistemological fragments by Xenophanes in the context of a possible fallibilist interpretation, from the perspective of both, positive and negative forms of fallibilism distinguished earlier. I will also present arguments for interpreting his philosophy in the spirit of anti-fallibilism. Finally, I will try to show that Xenophanes' views, to a greater degree than the later Carneades views, are apt to be recognized as the historical source of positive fallibilism.


An accurate SOC value is an important index in battery management system. Effective balance between batteries can be achieved by the accurate SOC value, which extends the service life of batteries. At present, the agricultural electric vehicles have a large market. However, due to the poor hardware equipment of agricultural electric vehicles, there is a large and unavoidable error between the collected current and voltage, which will result in an inaccurate SOC estimation. In this study, in order to obtain an accurate SOC value in the case of large noise interference, two model-based filtering algorithms, including adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF), are used to track real SOC values. A second-order RC battery model is used for model simulation and SOC estimation; its parameters are identified on the basis of the offline least square parameter identification method. Regarding the robustness of the SOC estimation test, the convergence speed of the UKF is faster than that of the EKF. Comparing the four algorithms under hybrid pulse power characteristic and dynamic stress test cycle conditions, the AUKF achieves the highest SOC estimation accuracy among the other three filters. This algorithm can be used for SOC estimation of agricultural electric vehicle battery with poor hardware conditions.


Base on the characteristics of edge detection,several typical edge detection methods are analyzed in detail.Methods for edge detection on computer vision in geometrical measurement and the software design of the system are stated.The method can be summarized as follows: First the image is smoothed using a Gaussian filter,then the local gradient and edge direction are computed at each point,then the edge points determined give rise to ridges in the gradient magnitude image,finally,the algorithm performs edge linking.The experiment results : In addition to detecting the desired features,the method also produced the cleaner map.


In this paper, we establish a Schmidt's subspace theorem for moving hypersurfaces in weakly subgeneral position. Our result generalizes the previous results on Schmidt's theorem for the case of moving hypersurfaces.


In this paper, we present a number of experiments on the construction of fine-grained and out-of-context multi-word entity classification models. These models exploit a large BabelNet-derived multilingual Named Entity corpus of 49 languages from 7 different scripts, which is also presented in this work. In particular, we compare SVM-based character and token n-gram models with neural network-based ones and also explore language-specific variants against multilingual models. The various models have been evaluated on additional external Named Entity resources to gain further insight into the quality and re-usability of the trained models. The language-independent character n-gram SVM-based model outperforms the corresponding token n-gram SVM-based model for a large majority of tested languages and obtained a 95.7% average precision. When applied to a number of external resources, we did see a slight drop in performance, but still achieved an average precision of 84.7% in all experiments, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed model in a range of contexts. Finally, the experiments applying a neural network model show comparable results for language-specific and language-independent approaches.


State pension systems are approaching crisis around the world. As populations become older, unfunded pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) pension systems become increasingly unsustainable. The challenge is not due to demographic changes alone, but is also caused by falling private savings rates and the trend towards earlier retirement. To a large extent these factors have in fact been induced by the incentive structure of public pension systems. In other words, state PAYGO pensions contribute to their own insolvency. This paper critically analyses one particular feature of public pension systems: the means-testing of retirement benefits. Means-tested retirement benefits are arguably among the strongest causes of low savings rates and early retirement. The paper analyses the available theoretical and empirical evidence on the disincentives created by means-testing, and proposes the abolition or radical reduction of means-tested benefits for retirement.


The main steam inlet sleeve of 600MW SC turbine works under erosion and vibration of steam. Designed to surfacing stellite alloy on the sleeve,in order to increase the resistability of erosion and vibration,prolong working time.According as test,successful achieved surfacing workpiece by automate TIG.


Objective:To research the risk factors,clinical features of elderly transient ischemic attack(TIA) to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:189 cases of TIA aged more than 60-year-old were analyzed on their clinical features,blood biochemical indexes,EKG,color ultrasound images of carotid artery,transcranial Doppler(TCD),medical imageological features and short-term prognosis.Results:Elderly TIA had the higher detection rate of hypertension,hyperlipoidemia,diabetes,electrocardiographic abnormality,carotid atherosclerosis,and pathological changes in intracranial internal carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery.Besides,majority of these patients were obese with fewer moving and hobby of drinking or smoking.TIA mostly persisted within 1 h,exceeding 1 h had the higher incidence rate of cerebral infarction.Conclusion:There are many risk factors in elderly TIA.Special attention must be paid to the elderly TIA with attack time of more than 1 h for alerting cerebral infarction occurrence.


The relationships of the leaf anatomies to the photosynthetic rates in soybean were examined using 14 cultivars. The net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was correlated significantly and negatively with the leaf area and C02 diffusion resistances in gaseous phase. The net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was correlated significantly and positively with the average mesophyll cell surface area, but not significantly with the mesophyll cell surface area per unit leaf area. Of the cultivars, Kizaya, Bonminori, A.K.(Harrow), Hill, Perry, Harosoy and Clark showed the photosyntheic rate per unit leaf area over 30mg C02dm-2h-1 (high photosynthetic cultivars) while Kimusume-Ibara 1, Shirobana-Sai 1. Hatogoroshi, Tachisuzunari. Akazaya and Norin 2 below 30mgC02 dm-2h-1 (low photosynthetic culti¥'ars). The high photosynthetic cultivars showed larger average mesophyll cell surface areas than those of the low photosynthetic culti.vars. The high photosynthetic cultivars were classified into two groups which differeci in three characters, mesophyll cell surface area per unit leaf area, chlorophyll and nitrogen contents and photosynthetic rate per unit mesophyll cell surface area. Of the high photosynthetic cultivars. Kizaya, Bonminori and A.H. (Harrow) showed lower ratios of chlorophyll and nitrogen contents to mesophyll cell surface area and lower photosynthetic rates per unit mesophyll cell surface area(Kizaya-Bonminori type) than the other high photosynthetic cultivars, Hill, Perry, Harosoy and Clark (Perry-Harosoy type). The Kizaya-Bonminori type cultivars showed mesophyll cell number per unit leaf area higher than the Perry-Harosoy type cultivars.