A program system is described for the integration of the rate equations resulting from large systems of elementary reactions. The Gear integration method is used for this problem, which frequently may exhibit stiffness instability when other integration methds are employed. No usage of the quasi-steady-state approximation is necessary. Ease in varying the reaction mechanism and simplicity of input structure are coupled with efficient execution and minimal demands for program storage as key features. The input–output structure, method of operation, and implementation are summarized, along with core storage requirements and execution times for trials using an IBM 360/44 computer.


In order to keep one regional economy sustainable, coordinate and fast development, it can be realized only by optimizing and rationalizing the industrial structure constantly, and choose the leading industry correctly is the prerequisite to realize the optimized industrial structure. The essay makes an evidence analysis of the selection of leading industry and the adjustment of industrial structure in Xuzhou city from both quantitative and qualitative views by the way of AHP analysis offering a reference for macro policy decision in the economical development of Xuzhou.


. Since the eighteenth congress, The CPC central committee as the core of comrade Xi jinping has grasped the new trend of The Times, complied with the new people's expectation, focused on the new practice of governance and deep answered a series of important theoretical and practical problems under the new situation of the party and national development, assembled the latest theory of Xi jinping Thought on Sosialism with Chinese Characteristics for a new Era. Adhering to the essential characteristics of the "popularization" of Marxism, this theory has thoroughly summarized the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics and opened up a new realm of Marxism in the 21st century.


Abstract : This effort investigated the possibility of replacing the electroabsorption quantum wells with the strong absorption bleaching nonlinearities of high peak-power pulses. Free carrier absorption bleaching was investigated in GaAs epilayers and AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells for excitation from above bandgap 10 ns pulses. Grating diffraction was also measured. The presence of thermal gratings, due to heating from the high-intensity pump pulse, contributed significantly to the observed diffraction. The lower than expected observed diffraction efficiency was attributed to a reduction in the internal writing efficiency due to the comparable sizes of the diffusion lengths and the grating space.


In geophysics and seismology, it is a common knowledge that the quality factors Q of the mantle and crust materials scale as the tidal frequency to a positive fractional power (Karato 2007, Efroimsky and Lainey 2007). In astronomy, there exists an equally common belief that such rheological models introduce discontinuities into the equations and thus are unrealistic at low frequencies. We demonstrate that, while such models indeed make the conventional expressions for the tidal torque diverge for vanishing frequencies, the emerging infinities reveal not the impossible nature of one or another rheology, but a subtle flaw in the underlying mathematical model of friction. Flawed is the common misassumption that the tidal force and torque are inversely proportional to the quality factor. In reality, they are proportional to the sine of the tidal phase lag, while the inverse quality factor is commonly identified with the tangent of the lag. The sine and tangent of the lag are close everywhere {\it{except in the vicinity of the zero frequency}}. Reinstating of this detail tames the fake infinities and rehabilitates the "impossible" scaling law (which happens to be the actual law the mantles obey). This preprint is a pilot paper. A more comprehensive treatise on tidal torques is to be published (Efroimsky and Williams 2009).


Individuals with gender dysphoria experience life-threatening distress due to incongruence between their gender identity and birth-assigned sex. Hormone therapy can be effective for reducing body incongruence, but responses vary, and there is no reliable way to predict therapeutic outcomes. We use clinical and MRI data before cross-sex hormone therapy as features to train a machine learning model to predict individuals' post-therapy body congruence (the degree to which photos of their bodies match their self-identities). Twenty-five transwomen and transmen with gender dysphoria participated. The model significantly predicted post-therapy body congruence. This study provides evidence that hormone therapy efficacy can be predicted from information collected before therapy and that patterns of connectivity within fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks may provide insights into body-brain effects of hormones, affecting one's sense of body congruence. Results could help identify the need for personalized therapies in individuals predicted to have low body-self congruence after standard therapy.


Summary Water insoluble heterocyclic compounds such as quinazolinones have variety of biological and pharmacological properties. This study aim to investigate effects of 4(3H)quinazolinone-2-propyl-2-phenylethyl (QPPE) as a new quinazolinone on spleen and immunocompetent cells of newborn Balb/C mice. Pregnant Balb/C mice were divided into 3 groups (n= 10) of control, receiving distilled water, sham, receiving 0.05% methyl cellulose (the solvent) and experimental group, receiving one of the most effective dose of 100 mg/kg/body weight of QPPE, by IP injections on day 8 th to 15 th of gestation. Blood samples from heart of newborn Balb/C mice were analyzed for immunocompetent cells and spleens were removed, fixed and stained with H&E, for qualitative and quantitative studies. Data indicated an increase in weight of spleen in experimental group. Pathological studies showed increase in capsule thickness and number of macrophage cells of experimental group. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in morphological studies between expimental, sham and control groups. The statistical data on capsule thickness and number of macrophage cells indicated significance difference between experimental, sham and control groups. Detailed observations showed increase in the volume of monocyte, neutrophile and eosinophile, in response to QPPE but the volume of lymphocyte and basophile were same in experimental, control and sham groups. The damages observed in the liver, intestine, kidney, heart, stomach and brain (in progress), could have been the reason for the increase in the number of immunocompetent and macrophage cells. Some studies showed damages to the organs such as liver and heart would lead to the increase in the thickness of spleen capsule, consequently, increase in its weight and creation of splenomegaly. So, QPPE can not be an appropriate candidate for drugs development.


The article deals with the analysis of tourism education systems of the leading countries of Western Europe, namely Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Luxembourg united in the crosslinguistic category of "German-speaking countries". The peculiarities of institutional and disciplinary components of vocational education in tourism are revealed, the educational-qualification levels of the structural model of tourism education are determined and characterized, the main functions of the vocational schools of tourism are defined, and the peculiarities of vocational training of future skilled workers in the specified countries are outlined. It is defined, that the structural model of tourism education in the German-speaking countries includes the pathway of obtaining professional qualifications, different types of educational establishments, a variety of vocational study programs and degree levels. It is appointed, that the predominant advantage of basic tourism education in the German-speaking countries is the dual system of vocational education and training that enables students getting qualifications in the form of apprenticeship working together with enterprise training providers. A distinctive feature of higher tourism education is the binary structure in which the traditional university sector exists concurrently with the non-university higher education sector. It is defined, that the common feature of tourism education systems in German-speaking countries is the flexibility of educational process and the coherence of educational-qualification levels within vocational schools and higher institutions. It is determined, that the compliance with the principles of consistency and continuity, the focus on providing future skilled workers with the opportunity to obtain appropriate vocational training program in compliance with  their needs and abilities are the basic principles of  lifelong learning in tourism education. It is proved that the intense competition between organizers of tourism education in German-speaking countries contributes to their desire of following strictly the existing international education standards. The constant modernization of the content of vocational education and training, as well as cooperation with the European and non-European educational partners in the higher tourism education sphere intensifies student mobility and academic activity


Fluorescence and IR spectroscopic techniques have been used to characterize cure in polyurea (PUa), polyurethane (PU), and polyurethane−urea (PUU), based on the study of model compounds. Polyurea cured in a nonreactive diluent by reacting liquid MDI (4,4'-methylenebisphenyl diisocyanate) with 3,5-diethyltoluene diamine (DETDA) showed fluorescence intensity decrease at 339 nm due to DETDA consumption and an emerging peak near 310 nm from the formation of the urea derivative of MDI. The reaction at room temperature was complete after 50 min with supporting IR evidence of urea carbonyl at 1642 cm-1. When nonfluorescent liquid MDI was reacted with ethylene oxide terminated PPO (EO−PPO) to form polyurethane, the fluorescence intensity at 310 nm increased slowly, taking approximately 1500 min to plateau with an intensity increase of at least 15 times. For PUU, which was cured by reacting MDI, EO−PPO, and DETDA, the fluorescence behavior was more complex:  first, a peak at 303 nm showed up immediately following ...


A three-dimensional geometrical model was established based on a section of street canyons in the 2nd Ring Road of Wuhan, China, and a mathematical model describing the fluid flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics in the street canyon was developed. The effect of traffic tidal flow was investigated based on the measurement results of the passing vehicles as the pollution source of the CFD method and on the spatial distribution of pollutants under various ambient crosswinds. Numerical investigation results indicated that: (i) in this three-dimensional asymmetrical shallow street canyon, if the pollution source followed a non-uniform distribution due to the traffic tidal flow and the wind flow was perpendicular to the street, a leeward side source intensity stronger than the windward side intensity would cause an expansion of the pollution space even if the total source in the street is equal. When the ambient wind speed is 3 m/s, the pollutant source intensity near the leeward side that is stronger than that near the windward side (R = 2, R = 3, and R = 5) leads to an increased average concentration of CO at pedestrian breathing height by 26%, 37%, and 41%, respectively. (R is the ratio parameter of the left side pollution source and the right side pollution source); (ii) However, this feature will become less significant with increasing wind speeds and changes of wind direction; (iii) the pollution source intensity exerted a decisive influence on the pollutant level in the street canyon. With the decrease of the pollution source intensity, the pollutant concentration decreased proportionally.


Diabetes care is now available everywhere in our country. But achievement of optimal level glycemic control and adherence to diabetic therapy is still questionable. This observational cross sectional study was done to observe the glycemic status of diabetic patients .The mean (±SD) serum HbA1c concentration of total subjects (n=100) was 7.84±2.0 with a range of 4.8-15.1%. The mean serum HbA1c concentration in group-1 subjects was 5.9±0.587% with a range of 4.8-6.9%, in group-2 subjects was 7.44±0. 304% with a range of 7.0-7.9%, in group-3 subjects was 9.55±1.52% with a range of 8.1-15.1%. Statistically significant difference (p=.001) was observed on serum HbA1c values in between the groups of subjects. Glycemic control was not satisfactory of these diabetic patients. Awareness and motivation through counseling and identifying certain factors influencing glycemic control might be able to overcome this situation.TAJ 2014; 27(2): 33-35


Objective: To explore the related factors to the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia living in communities.Methods: The sample included 258 individuals with schizophrenia who were randomly selected from 24 communities in Chengdu.The subjects were assessed with a series of questionnaires and scales,including the WHO-Quality of Life-BRIEF(WHOQOL-BRIEF),Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS),and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results: In 4 fields of WHOQOL-BRIEF,the score of physical health was positively correlated with the score of social relations(r=0.73) and environment(r=0.52).The subjects with older age had more complaints about the living environment than the younger ones.The females had more physical problems than males.The ones living alone were inclined to have problems of social relations in comparison with ones living with their spouses.The patients with higher score of PANSS negative subscale had more serious injuries on physical health,mental health and social relations.The better social relations and the more satisfactions to living environment existed in the patients with better social functions.Conclusion: The results indicate that age,gender,marital status,clinic symptoms,and social function may be related to the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia living in communities.


The reproductive behavior of aquarium-held and free-living ninespine sticklebacks was studied at South Bay, Manitoulin Island, Ontario. In general their behavior resembles that of the Northwestern European Pungitius, which has been described in the literature, but several differences were discovered. The European form breeds in quiet, weedy streams, whereas the South Bay form breeds in rocky, barren, often turbulent lakeshores. The breeding males of the South Bay form have a black ventral patch that has not been described for the European form. Like Gasterosteus, the South Bay form nests on the substrate, unlike the European form, which nests in weeds. Differences in the details of nest building, agonistic, courtship, and parental behavior have been discussed in terms of adaptations to specific breeding habitats.


The purpose of this study were to find out general characteristics of apparel purchase behavior of high-income consumers, and to segment the high-income consumers according to their shopping attitude. One hundred and ninety-five high-income consumers living in Kang-nam area of Seoul were surveyed, and the following results were found: 1) high-income consumers were less conscious of `price`, and more conscious of `prestige` and `design` compared to the ordinary consumers, (2) and prefer information they gain during store shopping to mass communication information. (3) High-income consumers were more agreed on `price-conscious shopping attitude` than `conspicuous` & `hedonic shopping attitude`. (4) According to shopping attitude, high-imcome consumers were divided into two different segments, `conspicuous&hedonic group` and `reasonable shopping group`, and their age, income, and purchase behavior factors were significantly different from each other.


Parental involvement plays a critical role in the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and can promote children's developmental and educational outcomes. This study aimed to compare mothers and fathers of children with ASD's social support and education levels in relation to their level of involvement. Participants included 107 parents (61 mothers, 46 fathers) of children with ASD aged 2 to 7 years. Three instruments measured parents' involvement, formal and informal social support, and education levels. As hypothesized, mothers reported higher levels of involvement than fathers, which related to their informal support (non-formal relatives), while fathers reported receiving greater formal support than mothers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed unique gender differences in the predictors of parental involvement. For example, parental education positively predicted involvement only among fathers. Practical implications for services and child–family interventions are discussed.


We present a new data on middle Jurassic early Cretaceous coleoids family Belemnotheutidae form Russia. The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the family is summarized herein and new palaeobiogeographic data are connected within stratigraphic distribution. Based on well-preserved shells and soft bodies, the reconstruction of soft body structure of Belem notheutidae has been completed in relation to recent coleoid families. The Belemnotheutidae mode of life and other ecological aspects are discussed in relation to recent coleoid ecology and taphonomy.


Providing safety and maintaining high quality of dry cargo, transported by sea, is associated with the necessity of taking into consideration their specific property, which is hygroscopicity. Susceptibility to the impact of water, which also occurs in vapour state, concerns mainly dry cargo, which are organic matter, containing carbohydrates and protein in their composition. This is because these substances have strong connection with water. The example of a bulk cargo often transported by sea is soybean meal, which is mainly produced in the USA, Brazil and Argentina. Due to its economic importance, the quality of soybean meal, which is globally used in the animal nutrition (poultry and swine), remains an important research issue. This product is obtained by subjecting the soybeans to cracking and dehulling processes, in order to facilitate the extraction of the oil. Water absorption of soybean meal causes reactions taking place in it, which leads to the changes in its chemical composition and, consequently, also in its nutritional values. Moreover, increasing the water content, leading to the increase of water activity, may significantly deteriorate the microbiological safety of the meal. Therefore, the research was undertaken to determine whether the sorption properties of soybean meal will change due to the influence of a static, homogeneous magnetic field. This aim has been achieved by determining and comparing the water vapour adsorption isotherms. The comparison of the isotherms determined under normal conditions and under the influence of a static, homogeneous magnetic field with an induction of 10 mT has been made on the basis of empirical data. Furthermore, using the Brunauer, Emett and Teller equation (BET), the monolayer and the energy constant of the sorption process have been estimated. The isotherms were determined at 20°C. The study lasted 9 days. Desiccators with aqueous supersaturated solutions of substances and a generator of a static magnetic field were used in the research. The obtained results have indicated that the influence of the magnetic field is a factor that causes the differentiation between the sorption properties of soybean meal expressed in the volume of the monolayer and the energy associated with the sorption phenomenon. The inferred findings show, that the magnetic field has an impact on the course of the sorption phenomenon in organic samples, and may determine the stability of the cargo during long-term maritime transport. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 15


Abstract Introduction: Intermediary glucose measurements at other time points in a standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is increasingly being investigated, and a number of studies have demonstated strong predictive value of 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) in identifying subjects with high risk of future diabetes and vascular complications. The association between 30-minute PG and incidence of diabetes is less extensively studied and all the suggested 30-minute PG cutoff values in current literature are derived from adult population. Our study aimed to evaluate the optimal cutoff value of 30-minute PG in predicting abnormal OGTT (prediabetes/diabetes) in a cohort of paediatric subjects with overweight or obesity. Since 30-minute PG could be easily performed even in a busy clinic setting, such cutoff allows clinicians identify high risk subjects who should proceed to a 2-hour OGTT. Methods: Record of 332 paediatric subjects with overweight/obesity who had OGTT done in a tertiary unit from January 2012 to December 2018 was reviewed. Standard OGTT was performed and blood samples for PG and insulin were obtained at 0 minute, 30 minutes and 120 minutes. Subjects with prediabetic and diabetic response were considered together as a group (abnormal OGTT group) for statistical analysis. 30-min PG and insulinogenic index (IGI) were compared, and 30-min PG cutoff which predicts abnormal OGTT response was derived. Results: Our cohort consists of 97.3% Chinese with mean age of 15.4 ± 2.3 years and mean BMI z-score of 2.7 ± 0.6. Sixty subjects (18.1%) had abnormal OGTT – out of which 47 (14.2%) and 13 (3.9%) had prediabetes and diabetes range of glycaemic response respectively. 30-minute PG was statistically higher in the abnormal OGTT group compared to the normal OGTT group (9.6 vs 7.9 mmol/L, p=0.001). IGI was statistically lower in the abnormal OGTT group compared to the normal group (262.1 vs 377.2, p=0003). 30-min PG ≥ 9.2 mmol/L predicts abnormal OGTT with best combination of sensitivity and specficity (AUC 0.77, sensitivty 62.1%, specificity 83.7%). Conclusion: Children with abnormal OGTT reseponse showed impaired first phase insulin secretion suggestive of beta-cell loss. Instead of performing a 2-hour OGTT in every child referred for obesity, 30-min PG, with a cutoff value of 9.2mmol/L, could be used as a stratification tool in identifying high risk subjects who should return for a 2-hour OGTT in another visit.


Purpose : The incidence of obesity around the world continues to increase and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality through various diseases. Various animal models can be used for the study of various compounds for the discovery of a novel treatment for the obesity. It can range from food intake studies in lean rodents to studies in obese animals due to high fat diet. The use of these animals helps us to determine whether the weight loss is due to fat loss or due to changes in other parameters. Various behavioral models can be used to study the food intake pattern and the effect of the drug on that pattern. These animal models have very good predictive validity as the effect of the drug on the animal models form the basis for the effect of the drug in humans. The drug induced weight loss in humans can be predicted to an extent from the studies carried out on these animal models. Approach : The published articles from Pubmed and other standard resources are used to study, review and compile the overview on screening methods used in Anti-obesity activity. Findings : The animal models of obesity can be used to study about the effects of parameters like insulin level, resistance and leptin levels in obesity. Acute and chronic feeding studies can be carried out. While studying about anti-obesity drugs the factors that lead to weight gain has to be considered. Conclusion : The obesity can be genetic or may be due to some other reason. The common cause for obesity is food intake with high calories and fat. So diet induced obese animal models are an important part of the studies. The animal models for the drug induced weight gain helps in the study of the effect of antiobesity drugs on the drug induced weight gain. All these models have been found to have utility in predicting the weight loss in obesity in man.


CONTEXT
Biochemical weakening of the amnion is a major factor preceding preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), leading to preterm birth. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is known to play a key role in collagen degradation of the amnion, yet epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is also induced by MMP activation, has not been investigated as a mechanism for amnion weakening.

OBJECTIVE
To measure amniotic EMT associated with vaginal delivery (VD) as compared to non-labored cesarean sections (CS), and assess changes in amniotic mechanical strength with pharmacologic inhibitors and inducers of EMT, thus testing the hypothesis that EMT is a key biochemical event that promotes amniotic rupture.

FINDINGS
1) Amnions taken from VD contained a significantly increased number of mesenchymal cells relative to epithelial cells as compared to unlabored cesarean section (CS) by FACS analysis (60% vs. 10%), 2) TNFα stimulation of amniotic epithelial cells increased expression of the mesenchymal marker, vimentin after 2 days 3) EMT inhibitor, etodolac, significantly increased the time and the mechanical pressure required to rupture the amnion, and 4) TNFα and another pharmacological EMT inducer, ethacridine, decreased the time and mechanical pressure required for amnion rupture, further confirming that the mesenchymal phenotype significantly weakens the amnion.

CONCLUSION
This work demonstrated that amniotic cell EMT was associated with labor, and that EMT decreased the tensile strength of the amnion. These findings suggest a role for EMT in the pathophysiology of PPROM and may provide a basis for development of therapies to prevent preterm labor.


This paper presents how to perform simulation (prediction) mechanical properties of aluminum alloys of the system Al-Zn-Mg-Cu. Graphical interface that can predict the mechanical properties studied was performed using MATLAB software version 6.5 based on mathematical equations mathematical models obtained by the mathematical modeling of thermomechanical treatment process studied. This GUI can be established before the thermomechanical treatment parameters to achieve a favorable complex mechanical properties.


Background: Development of science and technology in food industry results in new products such as instant foods. Instant foods are food and drink which have been cooked or semi cooked and then processed to be ready to eat. Consumption of instant foods can affect nutrition status especially in adolescents. Consumption behavior of instant food have been affected by intrinsic factors such as age, sex, and religion, and extrinsic factors such as knowledge, economic level, experiences, advertisement, home environment, and social culture.
Objective: The objective of research is to study relationship between knowledge level and consumption of instant food and drink with nutrition status of female adolescents.
Methods: Research sample is fifty female adolescents in rooming house at Sagan Village, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Research instruments are closed questionnaire about knowledge of instan foods: seven day food recall and food consumption on consumption frequencies of instan foods; and measurement of nutrition status with anthropometry guided by NCI-IS. Knowledge of respondent is scored 1 (if right) and 0 (if wrong). Consumption frequencies of instant food are scored by Suhardjo method. Correlation product moment is used to analyze relationship between knowledge level and consumption of instant food and nutrition status of respondent. Data are descriptively analyzed.
Results and conclusion: Knowledge levels on instant food of female adolescents were categorized: 22% high, 50 % intermediate, and 28% low. Mie instant and coffee instant are most consumed compared with other instant foods. Nutrition status of female adolescent was categorized 74% normal, 22% under weight, 4% over weight, and none categorized obese. Knowledge level and consumption of instant food have positive and significant relationship with nutrition status of female adolescent. Some factors that affect female adolescents on consumption of instant food are knowledge level, economic level, consumption reason, and information of instant food.
Keywords: instant food, nutrition status, female adolescents


Abstract Purpose Approximately 50% of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients will experience loco‐regional disease recurrence following initial courses of therapy. Retreatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is technically challenging and may be associated with a significant risk of irreversible damage to normal tissues. Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a potential method to treat recurrent HNC in conjunction with EBRT. Phantoms are used to calibrate and add quantification to nuclear medicine images, and anthropomorphic phantoms can account for both the geometrical and material composition of the head and neck. In this study, we present the creation of an anthropomorphic, head and neck, nuclear medicine phantom, and its characterization for the validation of a Monte Carlo, SPECT image‐based, 131I RPT dosimetry workflow. Methods 3D‐printing techniques were used to create the anthropomorphic phantom from a patient CT dataset. Three 131I SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed using a homogeneous, Jaszczak, and an anthropomorphic phantom to quantify the SPECT images using a GE Optima NM/CT 640 with a high energy general purpose collimator. The impact of collimator detector response (CDR) modeling and volume‐based partial volume corrections (PVCs) upon the absorbed dose was calculated using an image‐based, Geant4 Monte Carlo RPT dosimetry workflow and compared against a ground truth scenario. Finally, uncertainties were quantified in accordance with recent EANM guidelines. Results The 3D‐printed anthropomorphic phantom was an accurate re‐creation of patient anatomy including bone. The extrapolated Jaszczak recovery coefficients were greater than that of the 3D‐printed insert (∼22.8 ml) for both the CDR and non‐CDR cases (with CDR: 0.536 vs. 0.493, non‐CDR: 0.445 vs. 0.426, respectively). Utilizing Jaszczak phantom PVCs, the absorbed dose was underpredicted by 0.7% and 4.9% without and with CDR, respectively. Utilizing anthropomorphic phantom recovery coefficient overpredicted the absorbed dose by 3% both with and without CDR. All dosimetry scenarios that incorporated PVC were within the calculated uncertainty of the activity. The uncertainties in the cumulative activity ranged from 23.6% to 106.4% for Jaszczak spheres ranging in volume from 0.5 to 16 ml. Conclusion The accuracy of Monte Carlo‐based dosimetry for 131I RPT in HNC was validated with an anthropomorphic phantom. In this study, it was found that Jaszczak‐based PVCs were sufficient. Future applications of the phantom could involve 3D printing and characterizing patient‐specific volumes for more personalized RPT dosimetry estimates.


In this article, we continue our investigation on the role of non-commutativity in quantum theory. Using the method explained in "On non-commutativity in quantum theory (I): from classical to quantum probability", we analyze two toy models which exhibit non-commutativity between the corresponding position and velocity random variables. In particular, using ordinary probability theory, we study the kinematics of a point-like particle jumping at random over a discrete random space. We show that, after the removal of the random space from the model, the position and velocity of the particle do not commute, when represented as operators on the same Hilbert space.


Purpose: Children's lack of knowledge about disability can adversely impact their attitudes toward people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to review the common elements of effective disability awareness interventions. Methods: A systematic review of disability awareness interventions for children and youth was conducted to assess the effective components of these interventions. Electronic searches were conducted using OVID, CENTRAL, PsychInfo, ERIC, Social Science Citation Index, GreyNET Scopus and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria included (i) an intervention raising awareness about disability, (ii) school-age children with the average age between 5–19 years old, (iii) at least one measurable outcome focusing on knowledge about disability or attitudes towards and/or acceptance of people with a disability and (iv) published article or grey literature. Results: Of the 1031 articles that were identified in the search, 42 met the criteria to be included in the review. We classified the disability awareness interventions into 5 broad types including (i) social contact, (ii) simulation, (iii) curriculum, (iv) multi-media curriculum and (v) multiple components. Thirty-four studies showed an improvement in attitudes towards and/or acceptance of peers with disabilities. Eight of these studies also demonstrated an improvement in knowledge of people with disabilities. Five of the interventions found no support for improving knowledge about, or acceptance of people with disabilities. Conclusion: Disability awareness interventions can successfully improve children's knowledge about and attitudes towards peers with a disability; they should include several different components over multiple sessions. Relevance: These findings are being used to further develop disability awareness interventions to help improve the social inclusion and participation of children with disabilities within mainstream classrooms. Implications for Rehabilitation Well-designed disability awareness interventions for children and youth can help improve knowledge about disability, attitudes towards people with a disability and acceptance of peers with a disability. Rehabilitation health care providers and educators should be trained to recognize when children with disabilities are being socially excluded and be prepared to provide or recommend appropriate resources and interventions on how to address this issue. Clinicians, educators and children with disabilities should all be involved in the development of disability awareness programs. Educators should carefully choose an appropriate intervention to meet the needs of the children in their class while considering age appropriateness and diversity of the students. It is also important for educators to be cognizant of the broader societal influences that impact attitudes towards disability.


PURPOSE: An information transmitting apparatus and a method thereof are provided to generate a combination surplus power report request message for requesting a combination surplus power report. CONSTITUTION: A message receiving unit(2005) receives a surplus power report message from a base station. A combination surplus power calculating unit(2010) confirms the combination indication field of the surplus power report message. The combination surplus power calculating unit calculates combination surplus power. A message transferring unit(2020) generates a response message including combination surplus power information. The message transferring unit transfers the generated response message to the base station.


A new LSI interconnection method, the printed wiring connection (PWC) method, has already been developed. This method involves a planar interconnection, formed by screen printing, utilizing a polymeric conductor. Using this new method, an IC card was made, and the feasibility of applying this method to IC card packaging was investigated. The IC card developed has passed most reliability tests based on the ISO standard and several environmental tests to prove its application feasibility.


This study provides a systematic review of the literature on teachers' cognitive abilities (intelligence test scores and proxies of cognitive abilities such as college entrance exam scores and basic skills test scores) and teacher effectiveness. Twenty-seven studies conducted between 2000 and 2019 constitute the sample for this review. Studies using intelligence test scores were rare, with the results indicating no or negative associations with teacher effectiveness. Studies on proxies of cognitive abilities yielded, at most, small positive relations with teacher effectiveness. However, behind these overall results regarding proxies of cognitive abilities lie interesting heterogeneities, as several studies analyzing different test domains uncover a differentiated pattern of findings. We also identify key limitations related to construct measurement, sampling approaches, statistical analyses and the interpretation and reporting of the included studies, and outline a path for future research on teachers' cognitive abilities and teacher effectiveness.


Excretion ofdissolved andcolloidal organic carbon byamixotrophic flagellate, thechrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis, wasstudied. Flagellates wereincubated either with14C-labeled bacteria orwith inorganic 14C, inordertocompare organic exudates originating fromprimary production withexudates originating fromingested bacteria. Colloids of>0.02pumconstituted a larger fraction oftheexudates originating fromingested bacteria, compared withexudates derived fromprimary production. Flagellate feeding onbacteria specifically labeled indifferent cell components wascompared. Cellwallcomponents gave risetolesscolloidal organic carbon thandidothercell constituents. Toinvestigate thedegradability of flagellate '4C-exudates, they wereaddedtolakewaterandmineralization to'4Co2wasmonitored. Bacterially derived exudates weremorerecalcitrant thanexudates originating fromphotosynthesis. Theresults support thehypothesis thatbacterial utilization oflabile organic compounds, followed byflagellate bacterivory and exudation, results inatransformation oflabile organic matter intomorerecalcitrant forms. Mostoftheorganic matter inpelagic environments generally exists inthedissolved form. Thus, processes involved inthe dynamics ofdissolved organic matter(DOM;operationally defined asorganic matterthatpasses theporesoffilters, usually of0.2-to0.7-,um poresize[1]) arecrucial toour


The breakup process of a low speed capillary liquid jet is computationally investigated for different Ohnesorge numbers (Z), wave numbers (K), and disturbance amplitudes (ζo ). An implicit finite difference scheme has been developed to solve the governing equations of a viscous liquid jet. The results predict the evolution and breakup of the liquid jet, the growth rate of disturbance, the breakup time and location, and the main and satellite drop sizes. It is found that the predicted growth rate of disturbance, the breakup time, and the main and satellite drop sizes depend mainly on the wave numbers and the Ohnesorge numbers. The results are compared with those available, experimental data and analytical analysis. The comparisons indicate that good agreements can be obtained with the less complex one-dimensional model.


The relationship between literature education and media education should have a virtuous cycle for enhancing the students` multi-literacy and cultural literacy. However, it is often thought that media culture including film, mass media, internet etc. has a bad influence upon the minds of youths. On the other hand, literature is now so boring to them and may not have much say in the development of their cultural literacy. This paper deals this situation from a viewpoint of literature education, but eventually tries to help the students to get an advanced literacy not only of literatur e but also of media culture. I suggest that literature/media education for media/literature education is needed in order to develop multi-literacy. So I give an example of teaching literature/media through media/literature for enhancing the student`s multi-literacy which is composed by combining various texts of literature and mass media. Actually I give a comprehensive and integrated series of lecture on literature by using multimedia that is related the literary text in terms of theme, subject matter, morals, etc. Then I ask college students to submit a report which shows their own literary or cultural experiences in reference to the text and presents the inter-textuality with other literary or cultural texts. It may look very strange to those who teach literature only by explaining literary texts itself with concrete exegesis on them. However, in my class, a lot of students write unique essays of their own and some of them show high level of cultural literacy. They find their abilities and potentials as so called `prosumers`. They navigate by the internet, follow the hypertexts, and combine them with their own ideas and experiences in relation to the literary text. Thus, multi-media in the literary classroom should be used not just to motivate the students, but to develop their potentials and literacies as producers and consumers in the age of new media.


Carol L. Gallucci A Study of the Perceptions of Both Parents and Teachers on Whether Pharmacological Interventions Along with Behavior Modification Work in Controlling Behavior in Students with ADD. 1997 Dr. Margaret M. Shuff Learning Disabilities More and more students are being diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and placed on medication. This study looks at students in both private and public schools who are already diagnosed with ADD/ADHD and are on medication. Both parents and teachers of the same student filled out surveys inquiring whether behavior modification is used along with medication in controlling student behavior at home and in the classroom. There are 25 pairs of participants in this study. Twenty pairs of respondents are from privates school, with five pairs from public school. The surveys sent out included nine questions for parem:s and five for teachers. Both sets of questions included a comment section. Because of the need for


As shown Fig. 1, both up and down lines of Hukuchiyama between Amagasaki and Tsukamoto run at the distance of about 0.5 kilometers at maximum each other. As part of the project of twolevel crossing (railway and road), new embankment is constructed on both sides of the previous embankment of the down line to bind the both up and down lines together.As the place of construction is narrow and close to private houses, the condition of construction is sever; not in use of big machines, less noisy and less vibration and dugging as little ground as possible.And besides, though new embankment would be about 7 meters tall, the subsoil is poor: N=2∼3. Thus, it would have been unavoidable to drive piles, if the usual retaining wall was constructed. This is difficult on such a narrow space.To overcome this difficulties, we drivel soil cement colums by small machines and constructed the reinforced embankment.This new embankment is confirmed to be resistant to earthquake, as it was not suffereded from Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. Our method in more detail is shown below.


In development of science and technology in China's latter days,the chinese students are worthy of the leading roles,which the other students who studied in other countries are far to reach.They built the basic structure for a systematic theory of science and technology.They introduced and promulgated the latest scientific fruits resulted from the study of natural science and basic subjects.They introduced and made good use of the scientific method and advocated the scientific attitude.By introducing the science of the west they promoted the development of science and technology.


We present a case of a 43-year-old man with small intestine adenocarcinoma. The patient was admitted to the hospital to expand diagnostics of anemia as evaluation that was done on an outpatient basis did not show its root cause. We performed video capsule endoscopy that showed multiple polypoid lesions in the jejunum. Double-balloon assisted enteroscopy was done to take tissue samples but revealed stricture in the proximal part of the jejunum due to proliferative lesion and because of threatening ileus patient required urgent surgical treatment. Histological examination of metastatic tumor located in greater omentum showed adenocarcinoma cells. Patient was referred to the oncologist for further systemic treatment. Daria Gąsiorowska1*, Grażyna Piotrowicz1 and Grażyna Rydzewska2 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Poland 2Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Poland


discussion between the Buddha and Son Ç adan Ç ¥a/SÂon Ç ataÅn Ç ¥ya on the indispensable qualities of a true brahmin (braÅhman Ç a) as the oldest layer and nucleus in both versions, which presents a clear ethical doctrine ``without metaphysical anchorage''. The criteria of elimination were: (1) a passage in one version which is absent in the other; (2) some stock phrases or duplications such as praise of the discourse (``sermon'' is the term used by the author); (3) well-known tracts repeated in several discourses, in this case the passage the author calls ``TathaÅgata-sermon'', generally recognised as belonging to a later stratum of the Canon; (4) the so-called buddha-puÅjaÅ, i.e. a passage characterised by the tendency to glorify the Buddha which again is found in other parts of the Canon, sometimes with identical passages, although set in different contexts. As least some of the author's procedures are convincing, but it is hardly likely that every Buddhologist would agree with his method in all its implications. It would lead to stripping the Buddha's doctrine not only of obvious miraculous embellishments and exaggerations, but also of some of its most fundamental tenets. Thus in arguing against the Buddha's ``supernatural ability of mind-reading ± the pious wish of a devout believer rather than a historical fact'', the author indirectly questions the accounts of the Buddha's enlightenment, the contents of which are characterised by ``three knowledges'', the second one being the ability to know other beings' minds (cetopariyanÄaÅn Ç a). It is hardly conceivable that the originator of such a powerful movement as Buddhism would not have claimed to possess some kind of metaphysical (transcendental) link. The last paper of the book presents some fragments of Uigur medical texts. All the papers have exhaustive references in footnotes and some include also a bibliography. All represent a very high level of scholarship indeed. Some have illustrations and one ®nds the occasional chart or map. The celebrant can be well satis®ed with this volume in his honour; several contributions have apparently been inspired in one way or another by his work. Karel Werner


Blackberry is a berry culture of the genus Rubus L., which is just beginning to spread in Russia. At the moment, the only domestic variety has been registered, in connection with which there is a need to study foreign varieties as donors of valuable traits. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of varietal characteristics on the quantitative traits of blackberries for further breeding. The article discusses eight varieties of blackberries ('Karaka Black', 'Natches', 'Loch Tay', 'Columbia Star', 'Ark Prime Freedom', 'Black Gem', 'Black Magic', 'Heaven Can Wait'), which were grown in the Rostov region (Russia). To determine the effect, the method of one-way statistical analysis was used. High proportions of factorial influence on berry weight (84%), berry length (81%), amount of sugars (96%), average number of drupes per fruit (76%), average number of replacement shoots (80%), total length of replacement shoots were revealed. (77%), potential number of cuttings from one bush (77%), number of fruits on the lateral (64%), length (67%) and width of the central leaflet (47%), length of the petiole (54%), yield (60% ). No significant influence of the cultivar on the thickness of the petiole, the number of leaves and the average height of the replacement shoots was found. Since the characteristics of a variety make a significant contribution to the variability of traits, a number of varieties with a high or low value of the variable for a trait can become their donors.


The invention one X only (Unique) relates to download CAS client to download from the available conditional access system and verification method for encrypting and verifying the CAS client using a certificate of the security module, and more particularly, to a security module of the DCAS host held to ensure the integrity of the CAS client transfer by sending a CAS client encrypted using the public key in the certificate with the public key of 0.509 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) to increase the security of DCAS system, the CAS client sent to the DCAS host existing by so as to continuously verify the integrity of the CAS client sent by repeatedly verified the installation or boot process to use the certificate of the security module to maximize the stability of the DCAS system, the group still exists, use the security features in PGP a superior security of electronic signature methods And to maintain a secure system, easy maintenance DCAS effect.


PURPOSE: A regenerative evaporative type room cooler is provided to improve cooling efficiency by increasing evaporating rate of water in a wet channel and performance thereof by minimizing pressure loss due to air flow therein. CONSTITUTION: A room cooler includes a regenerative evaporative type cooler(2) having a dry channel, a passage of primary air(21), a wet channel, an extracted air passage(39), all of which contact with each other, and cooling fins inserted in the dry channel and wet channel to increase evaporating rate of water and to expand area for water to evaporate in the wet channel by making air in the extracted air passage directly contact with sprayed water; a primary air supplying air blower supplying primary air to the dry channel; an extracted air intake blower extracting part of primary air supplied to the dry channel and supplying to the wet channel; and water supplying devices(5,8) spraying water in the wet channel so that extracted air passing the wet channel takes heat from the dry channel to cool down primary air.


The main weakness is the lack of link between the two points (see e.g. P10489, the authors switch abruptly from the drought typology to the socio-economic impacts). The coherence of the paper suffers from the lack of reported impact related to snowmelt/glacier droughts. The publication of this paper as it stands may be premature in the light of the current extension of the databases. At least, the 2003 event observed in Norway, (possibly) similar to the described 1949 drought, can be obtained from the EDII (Figure 11). It should be included in the discussion to ensure a minimum link between the two sections.


The study covers different topics, first demarcation of the objectives and the legal proposal, Second, analysis of the administrative dispute process against traffic violations at different procedural stages and how to appear to process viewed from different positions, jurisprudential and doctrinal, Finally two particular processes discussed, the subpoena by inebriation, and electronic subpoena, to reach the final result in the completion of work and the contribution that this gives some one able to understand and analyze


Let M(R) denote the unit ball of the space L∞(R) of all essentially bounded Beltrami differentials on a Riemann surface R. It is well known that μ∈M(R) is infinitesimally extremal if and only if μ/(1−|μ|2)∈L∞(R) is infinitesimally extremal. In this paper, it is proved that the analogous result holds for the unique extremality, that is, μ∈M(R) is uniquely infmitesimally extremal if and only if μ/(1−|μ|2)∈L∞(R) is uniquely infinitesimally extremal. An application is also given.


A generalized scheme based on variable structure output feedback control (VSOFC) and input shaping (IS) technique has been proposed for rotational maneuvers and vibration suppression of an orbiting spacecraft with flexible appendages. The proposed control design process is twofold: design of the attitude controller followed by the design of a flexible vibration attenuator. Based on VSOFC theory, the attitude controller using only the attitude and angular rate measurement consists of linear and discontinuous feedback terms. The linear and discontinuous feedback gains are designed so that the sliding surface exists and is globally reachable. With the presence of this attitude controller, an additional vibration attenuator using input shaping technique is designed to eliminate unwanted flexible modes of vibration while achieving the desired closed-loop motion by producing a command profile that only requires information about the natural frequency and damping of the closed-loop system. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on a flexible spacecraft, which is a hub with a cantilever flexible beam appendage and can undergo a single-axis rotation. The results have proven the potential of this approach to control flexible spacecraft.


The National Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education (the Colloquium) was established in 1997 to serve as a living body to bring government, industry, and academia together to meet the challenges of information security. All aspects of our lives and all aspects of our social, economic and political system are becoming increasingly dependent on our information and communications infrastructure. The security and assurance of our information and communications infrastructure should be a national priority. To address this, our nation needs an information-literate work force that is aware of its vulnerability, as well as a cadre of information professionals that are knowledgeable of the recognized 'best practices available in information security and information assurance, as called for in Presidential Decision Directive 63, May 22, 1998. It is the task of American higher education to provide that information- literate work force and to prepare information professions. To meet this priority, higher education must be informed of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be taught in the general curricula and in the information curricula of its colleges and universities. Industry and government must under their role in supporting higher education, not simply expecting higher education to be responsive and informed about information security and assurance.


Four types of 3-oxadialdehyde, representative of the potential dialdehyde units present in some different oxypolysaccharides, have been treated with isonicotinoylhydrazine or a thiosemicarbazide under the conditions used in the preparation of the polymeric derivatives. From a 1,6-dialdehyde a bishydrazone is obtained, whilst the corresponding 1,5-dialdehyde combines with only 1 mol. of reagent to form a 3,5-dihydroxymorpholine derivative. The presence of a 4-hydroxymethyl group in either a 1,6- or a 1,5-dialdehyde reduces the activity of one aldehyde function, probably by the formation of a hemiacetal linkage, the remaining aldehyde group being converted into a hydrazone. The structure of the polymeric derivatives is discussed in the light of these findings.


The paper deals with results of hardware-software complex application in nuclear power units design tasks and control. Critical analyses of existing information systems applied in the global power engineering was made. It was demonstrated that the main task, to be solved, was aimed at parameters monitoring and not processes control in complex. Moreover, all existing systems have distinguished functions resulting in high information load on operating personnel if there is no established managerial decision. Authors proposed the approach based on the power unit software model and respective mathematical simulation hardware for the operating personal support system development and nuclear power units facilities designing. A list of function for such systems was developed. It is demonstrated that the basis of functioning in technological process control tasks is the power unit simulation model enabling modelling under different operation modes. The power unit of the state-of-the art nuclear facility evolves a complicated technical system. For presentation of the power unit formal structure an oriented graph is used. Mathematical model of the power unit process flow diagram presents formalized record of the system digital and logic variables. The power unit model includes a distributed dynamic neutronics reactor core model, one dimension two-phase thermal physical model of processes in the main power unit systems, I&C model. The approach of the software model integration in the design freeze tasks is shown.


The electron spin resonance spectrum of a solution of Eu in liquid ammonia consists of a single line characteristic of the solvated electron and a complex hyperfine pattern which is shown to arise from Eu2+, 8S7/2 with a small admixture of excited states. T2 for the electron decreases sharply with increasing concentration in contrast with other metal—ammonia solutions, whereas the change in T2 for the Eu2+ is slight. The solutions decompose by a heterogeneous mechanism that involves strong adsorption on the walls of the container.


: Individuals must have careful preparation and planning to enter the world of work. Individuals need the ability to manage stress to adjust to the world of work so that individuals can know the work environment. This article is structured to outline the importance of focusing on adapting to the world of work. Collector study using literature study through national, international journals and books that have been implemented. The results of this study indicate that managing stress is necessary in adjusting to the world of work. The impact of anxiety isn't handled with beneficial effects in depression. Adjustments are made to order pressure to make the individual comfortable in the existing environment. Counsellors can assist individuals in managing stress to dealing with adjustments in work. Studi studi internasional


In Psychological Reports, 1777, Stuart Margulies published a paper on the principles of beaury in chess, which were allegedly derived from the judgments of expert chess players. His methodology was to ask expen chess players to examine pairs of chess positions and to select the more beautiful solution in each pair. This approach is the standard one in experimental esthetics. Theoretically, it suffers from the disadvantage that it limits itself to the conscious reactions of the subjects, ignoring all unconscious determinants. That these unconscious determinants are of major importance can be seen from a re-examination d the data presented by Dr. Margulies. In the standard psychoanalytic approach to chess motivation, 3s in Jones (1731) and Fine (1967). the greatest weight is placed on the aggressive component in chess. Fine has also been able to.show that, as the player gets stronger, his aggression becomes more and more concealed. In such an armosphere, it could be hypothesized that beauty could be attributed to those soluticns where there is the greatest concealment of aggression coupled with the greatest capacity for victory. Now if we re-examine the data presented by Margulies, it is clear that, in every case, what is considered more beautiful is the move which uses the least amount of force. Thus, in his Figure 1, checkmate without capture is more beautiful than checkmate with capture. In Figure 2, checkmate by capturing a pawn is more beautiful than checkmate by capcuring a rook. In Figure 3, promotion to a knight is more beautiful than promotion to a queen, which would be the more usual procedure. Figure 4 is rather dubious, since the diflerences between the two queen moves do not seem too imponant. In Figure 5. checkmate with a bishop is preferable to checkmate with a queen. Similarly in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 8 is an artificial one and, hence, will be difficult to evaluate. Margulies states that "themes can only be constructed of elements which are important in chess." This would be consistent with the hypothesis that the chess expert goes to great lengths to conceal his aggression. In the remaining poslrlons, the same principles apply: beauty derives from the concealment of aggression. In conclusion, it may be argued that the present critic is releasing his aggression against Dr. Margulies. That reply is quite accurate. However, the aggression released is in the service of a good cause--to show that a complete psychology can never be writren without reference to the underlying principles of psychodynamics, wen in such a seemingly simple and trivial case as chess.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a POS system capable of reducing the operation of a customer in settlement processing.SOLUTION: A POS system includes: a registration device to be operated by a clerk for registering merchandise to be purchased by a customer; and a plurality of settlement devices to be operated by the customer himself or herself for performing settlement on the basis of the registration data of the merchandise. The registration device includes: selection means for selecting the settlement device in an empty state from among the plurality of settlement devices, and for setting the selected settlement device as a transmission destination; transmission means for transmitting registration data such that the settlement processing of the customer is performed by the selected settlement device; holding means for holding the settlement processing based on the registration data in the settlement device. The settlement device includes a predetermined lamp for performing notification by blinking or lighting up, and when receiving the registration data transmitted by the transmission means, allows the predetermined lamp to blink or light up.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11


The community and trophic structures of the subtidal habitat of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor were examined in Nagai, Sagami Bay, Japan. Conventional community indices showed no significant differences among three sampling stations. The overall continuum of stable isotope ratios was structured into three different trophic linkages: (i) brown algae-dependent benthic food chain; (ii) red algae-dependent benthic food chain; and (iii) planktonic food chain. Brown algae and red algae likely play different roles with respect to carbon sources in the habitat. Conventional fractionation values indicated that the abalone H. diversicolor (δ13C = 12.4 ± 1.0‰, δ15N = 9.3 ± 0.5‰) feeds on the lamina of Undaria pinnatifida during juvenile and adult stages (8.0–65.6 mm shell length). Stable isotope signatures suggested that the juveniles of other abalone species as well as some amphipods and a sea cucumber Holothuria decorata are competitors of H. diversicolor, whereas some Muricidae gastropods such as Thais bronni and Ergalatax contractus are predators. The isotopic differences among macroalgal species and the subsequent transfer to consumers indicate that stable isotopic analysis is an effective means of studying food webs in an open rocky shore community with little influence from external primary production such as terrestrial vegetation.


Objective To apply two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound(2D-CDUS)in studying the physic characteristics of carotid arteries and hemodynamic parameters changes in Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits.Methods Sixteen normal male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with high-fat diet for six weeks.Serum lipid levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and hyperlipidemia was confirmed.The animals were then equally randomized into a control group and an experimental group;both groups were continuously given high fat diet.The experimental group was injected with standard Hp strain into the ear vein and the control group was treated with normal saline.The blood lipids were determined before and during the 6th and 8th week of experiment.2D-CDUS was used to detect the rabbits' carotid artery diameter(ICA-D),intima-media thickness(CCA-IMT),plaque size,hemodynamic parameters and to calculate the internal carotid artery blood flow(ICA-Q)and cerebral blood flow(Qtotal)before the injection and six,twelve weeks after the treatment.Results The levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly increased in both groups during the 6th week compared with those before experiment(P0.05).The levels of TC,TG,and LDL-C in the experiment group were significantly higher than those of the control group during the 8th week of experiment(P0.05).The CCA-IMT and ICA-RI in both groups during the 6th week were significantly higher than those before experiment(P0.01,0.05),and ICA-Vmean,ICA-Q and Q were significantly decreased(P0.05).During the 12th week after injection,the CCA-IMT and ICA-RI in the experimental group were significantly increased(P0.05,0.01),and ICA-Vmean,ICA-Q and Q were significantly decreased(P0.05).There were small atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery of the experiment group.Conclusion It is quite easy to use Hp infection to establish carotid artery atherosclerosis model in hyperlipidemic rabbit.2D-CDUS can easily and objectively monitor the changes of rabbits' carotid artery structure and hemodynamic parameters in the modeling process.(Shanghai Med J,2010,33:757-760)


Life and death are some usual natural phenomenon known to human beings since long time. Humans cannot control them. Life is complex in nature. Such happenings make us believe about the existence of some super natural power. An effort has been made to understand these happenings on the basis of a new scientific theory based on order and disorder concepts. The roles of time't' (order parameter 'O') and energy parameter (disorder parameter 'D') towards the actions of life and death systems have been investigated. Interesting results have been observed. The existence of some super natural power, a time dependent entity has been realized. There are openings for life sciences and medical sciences to explore other secrets of nature.


Vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)in the early stage is called the non dementia vascular cognitive impairment(VCIND).Dementia is irreversible according to modern medicine.The early discovery,intervention and treatmentofVCIND can improve patients' life qualities and prolong their life spans.According to traditional Chinese medicine,some risk factors(kidney essence deficiency,phlegm,blood stasis,heatand toxin and liverYang)can induce cognitive impairmentforVCIND patients.The basic pathological feature is kidney deficiency.The treatment of tonifying kidney should be given priority.On the other hand,reducing phlegm,removing blood stasis,detoxifying and calming liver treatments should also be adopted.


The present invention relates to a kind of additive, particularly relate to a kind of additive for limestone-gypsum method fume desulfurizing agent.Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind ofly can prevent desulfuration absorbing tower fouling, slurries overflow, avoid demister to block, improve the additive of desulfuration efficiency.In order to solve the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: organic acid substance 30 ~ 70, metal oxide 10 ~ 30, salts substances 5 ~ 20, oxidation catalyst 15 ~ 35, defoamer 5 ~ 15.This technical scheme at froth breaking, reduce fouling and go out weapon blocking, prevent slurries from outflowing, improve Be very effective in desulfuration efficiency etc.


Anton Oscar Kris was known by his many friends and colleagues simply as "Tony," and that is the way I will refer to him here. I cannot describe him with the admiration and love that I and so many others have felt for him without referring to him as Tony. Tony was born in Vienna in 1934, escaped with his family from Nazioccupied Austria in 1938, and lived in England for two years. In 1938, Tony's parents and Anna Freud were instrumental in helping Sigmund Freud escape from Vienna. In 1940, Ernst and Marianne Kris and their children, Anna and Anton, moved to New York, where they made their permanent home. In many ways, the early history of psychoanalysis was intertwined with that of Tony's family. His parents, psychoanalysts Marianne and Ernst Kris, were close friends of the Freud family. A psychiatrist known as an extraordinarily talented clinician, Marianne was a patient of Freud's and was pregnant with Tony during her analysis; hence Tony liked to say that he had been on Freud's couch from the beginning. Tony's father, Ernst, was an art historian before becoming a psychoanalyst and authored a well-respected classic in which he explored art history from a psychoanalytic viewpoint (E. Kris 1952). His professional collaboration with Heinz Hartmann and Rudolph Loewenstein solidified their importance in the development of ego psychology in the United States. Despite having two very famous parents in the field, Tony nonetheless forged a unique path as one of our most significant contributors to modern conflict theory.


Abstract. Sobri MF, Jaaman SA, Mohamed Z, Muda AM, Rashid MASA, Zhang X. 2022. Identifying the hotspot area of Indo Pacific humpback (Sousa chinensis) and Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris) dolphins in Matang waters, Perak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 6106-6113. The Indo-Pacific humpback (Sousa chinensis) and Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris) dolphins are commonly found in Matang waters, Perak, Malaysia. The area, filled with healthy mangrove forest cover and many estuaries, is not only frequented by the dolphins for its daily activities but also extensively used by locals for artisanal fishing, charcoal production and organizing ecotourism activities. There could be a high risk of human-dolphin interactions, hence determining habitat use and identifying critical habitats or "hot spots" for the dolphins in the area is important. In this study, a series of dedicated boat sighting surveys were conducted from March 2019 to January 2021 between Kuala Gula and Kuala Jarum Mas. The total survey effort was 3325.76 km, 44 days and 239.38 hours. A total of 69 dolphin sightings were made, consisting of 40 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins and 29 Irrawaddy dolphin observations, respectively. During each sighting, every dolphin's behaviors were categorized as: foraging, socializing, evasive, and travelling, and the survey area was classified into four blocks. The results indicated that different dolphin species have different hotspot areas. For Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, the hotspot area was Kuala Sangga, while the Irrawaddy dolphin's hotspot area was outside Kuala Larut, and there was a small overlap between the two dolphins' hotspots. Among the recorded behaviors (n: 281) for both dolphins, the most dominant was foraging (72.24%), followed by socializing (17%), evasive (7%), and travelling (4%). The sighted foraging behavior for both dolphin populations was dominant, indicating the hot spots were major foraging grounds for the two dolphin populations. This study shows the importance of Matang waters as a conservation area for the species and warrants further studies of dolphin population ecology to be conducted.


Camouflage nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in the realm of
disease therapy, offering a distinctive set of properties and versatile applications. These nanoparticles, characterized by their size, typically falling within the range of 1 to 100 nm, hold significant
promise for the realms of targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. Diverse categories of
camouflage nanoparticles, encompassing liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers, have
been under intensive scrutiny for their potential to combat a spectrum of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular ailments, genetic anomalies, and cancer. These nanoparticles exhibit the remarkable ability to surmount biological barriers, including the formidable blood-brain
barrier, thereby facilitating the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues.
This precision augments drug efficacy while simultaneously mitigating systemic side effects. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the refinement of nanoparticle design, the assurance of long-term
safety, and the pursuit of scalability and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, future prospects encompass expanding the purview of disease-specific applications, advancing cutting-edge imaging
modalities, crafting multifunctional nanoparticles, and seamlessly integrating nascent technologies.
With relentless dedication to research and innovation, CNPs hold the potential to metamorphose the
landscape of disease therapy, ushering in a new era marked by heightened drug efficacy, diminished
side effects, and the realization of personalized medicine paradigms. This review aims to illuminate
the burgeoning arena of CNPs in disease therapy, casting a spotlight on their latent potential as a
conduit for targeted drug delivery. Through an exploration of their unique attributes, applications,
and extant challenges, this review seeks to galvanize further research and development within this
propitious domain, ultimately striving to revolutionize disease therapy by aligning it with the tenets
of enhanced efficacy, attenuated side effects, and the realization of personalized medicine aspirations.


The Transition Clinic for Youth and Young Adults (TAY clinic) with ASD/IDD is a unique partnership between the Developmental Sector and Health care sector. Surrey Place Centre, St. Michaels Family Health Teams and Developmental Paediatrics work with families of adolescents and young adults ages 14-22 to help transition from paediatrics-based healthcare and developmental services to adult sectors using a structured approach to transition. This clinic was a pilot project over the past 5 years, and we are using a mix-methods study to evaluate the implementation of the clinic and its impact on the lives of TAY with IDD and their caregivers.

 To describe patient and caregiver characteristics, usage of clinic, transition goals stated and achieved, and level of support needed.

 Quantitative data was collected using standardized forms including demographics, transition planning goals, and dates of applications to critical services like Developmental Service Ontario and Ontario Disability Support Program. The frequency, intensity and duration of transition planning support provided in the clinic was documented, as well as involvement of crisis services, child protection services, networks of specialized care, and hospital admissions.

 To date, 94 families have been supported through this clinic, with notable differences in the intensity and type of services required. Families were evenly distributed across three levels of transitional support need: (1) required consultation only; (2) required short-term intervention and follow up from the team with future crisis planning; and (3) families with extreme complexity, disconnected from the developmental sector and requiring intensive support and, at times, crisis care. In this 3rd group, 30% were regular emergency and crisis service users because of significant risk of harm or death to client or caregiver associated with physical or mental health concerns, and 15% were at risk of homelessness. Barriers to social determinants of health (e.g., housing, food security, social support) and inequities (based on race, immigration status, employment, English language proficiency) were present in all cases. Across all 3 groups, trajectories within the current systems of care were often apparent years before their transition.

 Cross-sector models of care are feasible for TAY with IDD. This model of care identified different levels of need for TAY with IDD. Barriers to transition support are rooted in inequities and are often present years prior to transition. Paediatricians can help with earlier identification of families who require and deserve more comprehensive support.


Based upon its variety and specialties, Korean food has the potential power to become globalized, and a national public relations strategy for global competitiveness. In this process, a proper organization of information about Korean foods should be given a priority. The purposes of this study are to analyze the classification status and case studies of Korean foods in Korean libraries, to understand how much Korean foods are represented in the classification scheme and what should be improved, and to suggest a modified expansion of DDC 22. In so doing, an attempt is made to provide some evidences of the revision of DDC 22 as well as useful practices of modified DDC 22 in Korean libraries.


A cobalt-catalyzed domino Pauson–Khand and [4 + 2] cycloaddition of substituted diynes has been developed for the rapid construction of complexed polycyclic ring systems.


In this work we decided to perform a study of the biodiversity of the Presa San Pedro and surrounding areas and establish the biodiversity perception that in this area have the residents of Ciudad Cuauhtemoc, in the state of Zacatecas. This study aims to be generator of hypotheses that enable effective conservation of biotic resources that engage society through an educational actions. A floristic and faunal inventory of the area was conducted and surveys were conducted with a sample of the population. 470 species belonging to 259 genera and 75 families were identified. For the case of amphibians, six species were observed, collected and identified in five families . As reptiles, 23 species were observed, collected and identified in six families. The study of birds recorded 53 species found in 26 families. In mammals, were recorded cacomixtle, coyote, opossum, raccoon, gray fox , skunk, one rodent and one bat. It was observed the appreciation by settlers of their biological wealth and social and environmental impacts associated with their use and conservation.


Energy-efficient communication is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of large number of energy-constrained sensor nodes. Indeed, sensor nodes have different energy budgets assigned to data transmission at individual nodes. Therefore, without energy-aware transmission schemes, energy can deplete from sensor nodes with smaller energy budget faster than from the rest of the sensor nodes in WSNs. This reduces the coverage area as well as the lifetime of WSNs. Collaborative beamforming (CB) has been proposed originally to achieve directional gain, however, it also inherently distributes the corresponding energy consumption over the collaborative sensor nodes. In fact, CB can be seen as a physical layer solution (versus the media access control/network layer solution) to balance the lifetimes of individual sensor nodes and extend the lifetime of the whole WSN. However, the introduction of energy-aware CB schemes is critical for extending the WSNs lifetime.
In this paper, CB with power allocation (CB-PA) is developed to extend the lifetime of a cluster of collaborative sensor nodes by balancing the individual sensor node lifetimes. A novel strategy is proposed to utilize the residual energy information available at each sensor node. It adjusts the energy consumption rate at each sensor node while achieving the required average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination. It is a semi-distributed strategy and it maintains average SNR. Different factors affecting the energy consumption are studied as well. Simulation results show that CB-PA outperforms CB with Equal Power Allocation (CB-EPA) in terms of extending the lifetime of a cluster of collaborative nodes.


so much the final word on a comprehensive Ignatian systematic theology as multiple building blocks in that regard. Overall, the book navigates between two ways of approaching spiritual texts theologically. There is, on the one hand, a more historical or archeological approach, which devotes special attention to the texts themselves, their contexts, and their sources. The editor, Gabino Uríbarri Bilbao, SJ, of the Universidad Pontificia Comillas in Madrid, calls that approach "ignacianista" (34). On the other hand, there is a more theological approach, which uses the original Ignatian insights as a springboard for dialogue with contemporary reflection, thus comprising a theology "de cuño ignaciano" (with an Ignatian imprint). These two approaches cohabit in the book, but the latter produces essays that are more original and optimally fulfill the book's goal. U.'s own contribution on the Christology of Ignatius is exemplary in that regard, offering at once a synthetic and a systematic view. Despite the diversity of perspectives, U.'s excellent introduction and conclusion sketch a coherent vision of an Ignatian theology, using the foci of God, Christ, the human being, the church, and creation. This Ignatian theology is not made into a distinct theology—apart from the church's—but is shown to bring its own emphases into the larger theological conversation. A noteworthy aspect of the book is the all-encompassing view of Ignatius's corpus. While relying strongly on the Spiritual Exercises, the authors also expand the scope to include as sources his Spiritual Diary, the Testament, the Letters, and the Constitutions, while even extending the meaning of "Ignatian" beyond Ignatius's own works, for example, in the case of the Directories of the Spiritual Exercises. Hence, the Ignatian theology presented is not a theology of the Spiritual Exercises alone. Moreover, the authors make good use of the flourishing scholarship in Ignatian studies in Spanish, exemplified by the journal Manresa, and the series of the same name. A North American reader will benefit from exposure to these sources. As I already stated, Dogmática ignaciana is not the last word on the theology of Ignatius; but it does succeed in exploring and fleshing out insights from the Ignatian tradition, breaking them open for further dialogue with systematic theology, as well as within Ignatian spirituality itself. Standing at the intersection of spirituality and theology, this book will also interest readers who are simply passionate about the theology of Ignatius of Loyola! One only wishes that more such contributions might be made available in English.


The conventional combustion processes of Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) have their respective merits and demerits. Internal combustion engines use certain fuels to utilize those conventional combustion technologies. High octane fuels are required to operate the engine in SI mode, while high cetane fuels are preferable for CI mode of operation. Those conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms while retaining high efficiency. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines, and conventional gasoline operated SI engines are not fuel efficient. Advanced combustion concepts have shown the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Variations in injection pressures, injection schemes and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) are studied with low octane gasoline LTC. Reductions in emissions are a function of combustion phasing and local equivalence ratio. Engine speed, load, EGR quantity, compression ratio and fuel octane number are all factors that influence combustion phasing. Low cetane fuels have shown comparable diesel efficiencies with low NOx emissions at reasonably high power densities.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


To improve the performance of polarization navigation, a new method to calculate the heading angle using all-sky polarization pattern is proposed. Through analyzing the distribution feature of atmospheric polarization pattern, we propose a method to identify the sample points of solar meridian area, from which we can decide the azimuth angle of solar meridian in carrier coordinate by least square algorithm. The DOP distribution feature along meridian is used to distinguish the solar meridian and anti-solar meridian, thus solving the problem of ambiguity in acquiring the heading angle. And then the heading angle is figured out since we can get the azimuth angle in geographic coordinate by astronomic theory. The simulated results show that under sampling mode that we set, the error of heading angle is below 0.05°; under different simulated conditions namely different time of a day, different input heading angle and different amount of sampling points. When there is an error within 8° with angle of polarization, the average error of heading angle stay within 0.2°, thus proving the high precision and well adaptation of the method.


At present retrieval methods in remote sensing image database are mainly based on spatial-temporal information. The increasing amount of images to be collected by the ground station of earth observing systems emphasizes the need for database management with intelligent data retrieval capabilities. The purpose of the proposed method is to realize a new content based retrieval system for remote sensing images database with an innovative search tool based on image similarity. This methodology is quite innovative for this application, at present many systems exist for photographic images, as for example QBIC and IKONA, but they are not able to extract and describe properly remote image content. The target database is set by an archive of images originated from an X-SAR sensor (spaceborne mission, 1994). The best content descriptors, mainly texture parameters, guarantees high retrieval performances and can be extracted without losses independently of image resolution. The latter property allows DBMS (Database Management System) to process low amount of information, as in the case of quick-look images, improving time performance and memory access without reducing retrieval accuracy. The matching technique has been designed to enable image management (database population and retrieval) independently of dimensions (width and height). Local and global content descriptors are compared, during retrieval phase, with the query image and results seem to be very encouraging.


A challenging issue for (MANETs) is finding an effective routing mechanism, the wireless connection must have the capability to interact while traveling randomly, since MANETs are self-configuring mobile node networks. Traditional fixed network routing protocols are useless with MANET. Based on this, MANETs introduced new routing protocols. In this study, the routing process was investigated, particularly (DSR), (AODV) and (DSDV). Simulations are implemented in the NS2 simulation environment and evaluated their performance under various scenarios. The results of the simulation study were summarized with a number of graphs using NAM (Network Animation Environment) and Trace Graph programs and a general evaluation was made. The results of the simulation studies presented that DSR and AODV showed better efficiency than the table based DSDV protocol. In addition, DSR and AODV protocols may present a variable performance for the different data packets and network sizes due to their algorithmic differences.


As the complexity of software systems grows, it becomes increasingly difficult for developers to be aware of all the dependencies that exist between a system's artifacts (e.g., its files or methods). Change impact analysis has been proposed as a technique to overcome this problem, as it suggests to a developer relevant source-code artifacts related to his/her changes. Association rule mining has shown promise for determining change impact by uncovering relevant patterns in a system's change history. State-of-the-art change impact mining typically makes use of a history of tens of thousands of transactions. This makes a priori generation of all possible rules costly and thus led to the introduction of targeted association rule mining, which only generates rules for transactions relevant to a particular query. Because the set of relevant transactions is much smaller than the complete history, these algorithms are more efficient. However, they still require processing the history's complete set of relevant transactions. Our work considers the dynamic selection of relevant transactions. It can be viewed as a further constrained version of targeted association rule mining, in which as few as a single relevant transaction might be considered when determining change impact. This initial look at dynamic algorithms empirically studies seven algorithm families. These are referred to as families because some are parameterized and thus give rise to multiple algorithms. Using over 20,000 queries from 19 systems, we empirically show that dynamic algorithms are viable, can be just as applicable as start-of-the-art algorithms, and even outperform them for certain queries.


Southern Iouthern abounds in prehistoric remains, mostly of the neolithic, but some few undoubtedly of the palaeolithic age; and of all the districts of the Madras Presidency none is more remarkable in this respect than the country about Bellary. The present area of this division comprises the old capital of the Vijayanagar kingdom, now usually called Hampe, from the name of alittle village on the Tungabhadra River, which in the old palmy daysconstituted a small fraction of the great city. On the south of the districtthe territories of Maisūr form the boundary. The fine old rock-fortress of Adoni lies near its eastern frontier, and on the north the Tungabhadra River divides it from the country belonging to the Nizām of Haidarābād. Within these boundaries are seen in every direction rocky hills with a very sparse covering of vegetation, standing boldly out of the level plain, some singly, some in ridges, and in a few tracts massed together into confused heaps extending in all directions for many miles.


In this work we report that amorphous alloy (Fe6Co88Ni3V3)75Si10B15 is suitable for transformer at high frequency, transformers. It has been found that optimum performance at high frequency can be achieved by high temperature annealing. The core loss at 20 kHz and 5 kG is about 18–20 W/kg. Optimum core loss is equal to 15 W/kg, which is the lowest value ever reported. This kind of amorphous alloy has good thermal and mechanical stability.


Interactions between Ar projectiles and lead are studied in terms of global observables. The Streamer Chamber at the Berkeley BEVALAC was used to record all charged particles produced in collisions between 0.8 GeV/u Ar projectiles with a Pb/sub 3/O/sub 4/ target. A hardware trigger selected central collisions with Pb nuclei corresponding to a trigger cross section of 1 barn. In a geometrical picture this is equivalent to an impact parameter range of 0 to 5 fm.


Ixodes ricinus ticks play a key role in the circulation of Borrelia spp. spirochaetes in the environment, both in semi-natural and wooded urban areas highly transformed by humans. Among other pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group (Bbsl) and B. miyamotoi of Relapsing Fever Group (RFG) are often transmitted. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the diversity of the flaB gene marker of Borrelia spirochaetes detected in ticks from two kinds of habitats. Spirochaetal DNA presence was tested in DNA isolates from I. ricinus ticks collected during the years 2013–2014 from three urban parks and forests in Warsaw, i.e., the Royal Łazienki (n=384), Bielański (n=952) and Kabacki Forests (n=468), as well as in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (n=549). Borrelia spp. detection was performed with PCR of 16S rDNA (~350 bp). Further phylogenetic analyses were conducted with use of partial sequences of the flagellin gene marker (flaB) (~600 bp). The overall prevalence of Borrelia spp. in ticks was 16.7% in Royal Łazienki; 7.8% in Bielański Forest; 8.8% in Kabacki Forest and 13.1% in the Białowieża Primeval Forest. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of six Borrelia species in the study: B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sesnu stricto (Bbss), B. garinii and B. lusitaniae (exclusively in Kabacki Forest), as well as B. valaisiana from Bbsl group and B. miyamotoi from RFG. Some inter-species molecular diversity was detected in Bbss and B. garinii. B. miyamotoi were detected in four ticks from Białowieża, but only in one tick from the Kabacki Forest. In the Royal Łazienki forest, only Bbss and B. afzelii were detected. These findings suggest that not only semi-natural, but also urban parks and forests are inhabited by a wide range of Borrelia spp. host species: either a vertebrate reservoir and ticks. Our results indicate a comparable risk of acquiring tick-borne spirochaetosis in the two kinds of habitat.


A shape recognition system used to navigate a disassembly robot is being described. The task that the robotics system has to solve is that of dismantling TV sets. The image processing module operates on 2D and 3D data and uses a combination of image pre-processors and a RAM net architecture implemented in hardware.


The multipath capture of ultrawideband (UWB) communications systems can be dependent on the accuracy of channel estimation. Furthermore, inefficient modeling of the channel often leads to over-parametrization and increased channel estimation error. Relying on a channel model based on clusters, this letter proposes a maximum likelihood estimation strategy which exploits the properties of the UWB channel and offers performance improvement of about 2 dB over less parametric schemes. The robustness of the proposed algorithm in the presence of pulse distortion is investigated and the corresponding BER degradation is observed to be small even when experimental data are employed.


The pig kidney is similar in structure and function to the human kidney, thus making it a useful model in understanding the human kidney in health and disease. However, little is known about the branching pattern of the pig renal artery as compared with the human and other animals.


Almost all students at American colleges and universities use student evaluations to rate their professors. However most probably know relatively little about the process and what determines aggregate faculty ratings. This paper uses data from an internet rating site to explore potential econometric applications arising from the student evaluation process. The data both engage students in empirical work and produce some interesting results.


In families, mothers play a role in doing household chores and taking care of the child. However, there are some mothers who choose to work for several reasons. As a working mother, there are some positive impacts such as improving family incomes, increases psychological well-being, and tend to adopt authoritative parenting. However, if they can't hold these tasks and responsibilities, it can cause fatigue, stress, or even depression in working mothers. These negative conditions can affect their parenting self-efficacy. Parenting self-efficacy can be defined as a sense of confidence or competence to perform parenting tasks. This belief is one of the factors that can influence mother's behavior towards child. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an overview of full-time working mother's parenting self-efficacy in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek). This quantitative research involved 150 full-time working mothers in Jabodetabek whose have at least one child ages 3-12 years old. The results showed that 86% of participants have high parenting self-efficacy. Moreover, this study shows that there are statistically significant differences between participants based on child age and the presence of child caregivers.


While reading this text I experienced severe ambivalence. On the one hand, the authors achieve their stated purpose; on the other hand, their purpose is such that it virtually requires superficiality. Hence my ambivalence. In the preface, the authors state their purpose: We think that these issues [in medical ethics] should be argued in a reasoned, reasonable manner that ordinary people can understand so that they too can participate in the determination of a framework which can guide the application of medical science. Our book is aimed at the interested public.... (page ix) The authors accomplish this purpose. Their text is well written, easily understandable, and a palatable introduction to many of the issues troubling medical ethicists today, eg, genetic engineering, euthanasia, abortion, brain death, tissue transplants, artificial insemination, and genetic screening. In addition, the authors have appended ethical codes such as the Hippocratic Oath, the International Code of Medical


With the release of the first year Fermi catalogue, the number of blazars detected above 100 MeV lying at high redshift has been largely increased. There are 28 blazars at z > 2 in the "clean" sample. All of them are Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). We study and model their overall spectral energy distribution in order t o find the physical parameters of the jet emitting region, and for all of them we estimate their black hole masses and accretion rates. We then compare the jet with the accretion disk properties, setting these sources in the broader context of all the other bright γ‐ray or hard X‐ray blazars. We confirm that the jet power correlates with the accretion luminosity. We find that the high energy emission peak shifts to smaller frequencies as the observed luminosity in creases, according to the blazar sequence, making the hard X‐ray band the most suitable for searching the most luminous and distant blazars.