This book is an extensive reference compilation of what is known about the world's climate for the past 500 years. Fifty-four authors contributed to the text. The first section of the book has 12 papers with historical and instrumental information about climate change. The second section has 11 papers that represent results from tree-ring research for most of the Northern Hemisphere, Australia, and parts of South America. The third section has 5 papers with ice-core evidence of climate change, including information from northern Europe, northwest Russia, the Yukon in North America, and from China, Peru, and Antarctica. The final section of the book contains information about the most likely causes of climate forcing on these time scales including explosive volcanic eruptions and Southern Oscillations over the past 500 years.


Based on the Hamilton Principle, this paper derives the equation of Non linear dynamic finite element, and presents a way to solve this equation, which combines the Newton Raphson iteration method and Newmark method. The method is applied to the releasing computation of prestressing force in membrane structures, which is an important problem in the cutting pattern of membrane structures. Finally a calculating example is given in the paper.


The present study investigated the effects of dorsal hypothalamic dopamine (dh‐DA) neurons on activation of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in adult male mice.


In a restrospective study of 304 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit, 22 percent (67 patients) exhibited low voltage on their electrocardiograms within 72 hours of admission. The course of hospitalization of these patients was compared with an equal number of consecutive patients with transmural infarctions and normal electrocardiographic voltages. Among the patients with low voltage, there was a significantly higher incidence of previous Clinical experience suggests that patients with acute myocardial infarction in conjunction with a low-voltage electrocardiogram have a poor prognosis. The present study was performed to determine the incidence and clinical significance of the low-voltage ECG among patients with acute myocardial infarction.


Eight and half syndrome is one of the rare neurological disorders, which is usually overlooked in our clinical practice. Here I report 58 years-old hypertensive Indian gentleman presented with horizontal gaze palsy and facial weakness.


We report the 946nm laser operation of an epitaxially grown Nd:YAG planar waveguide. The incident and absorbed power thresholds of 4mW and 1.2mW respectively are lower than those reported for bulk lasers when using a similar experimental set up. We also report the use of Ga doping of the active layer to increase the refractive index difference to allow the production of very small guiding layers.


Land resource management includes three interrelated levels: national, district and commune. The purpose and basic objectives are: state land policy implementation, legislation and regulations in force, effective implementation of measures to protect soil cover, to maintain ecological balance and biological diversity in ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova. The soil cover quality on the most agricultural land is unfavorable, and on some land critical. Continue to expand the area affected by erosion and landslides, dehumification processes, damage of structure and compaction, sodium enrichment, salinization and soil swampy, drought intensified. Land management in the Republic of Moldova should be a process of development and implementation system of organizational, economic and administrative levers. They would allow regulation and development the forecast of quality land status; develop recommendations on the rational use of land, combating soil degradation processes and long-term preservation of agricultural production capacity. Basic information for proper management of land resources must become computerized information system of the state of soil quality.


Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new developed method that mechanical stirring between two parts of work piece and tool cause welding.in this method we can welding materials that previously was not wieldable like aluminum alloys. FSW is a perfect method for manufacturing the complex shape hollow products.orbital FSW also has a wide application in steel pipe maintenance in oil industries by using robotics type CNC machines.In previous investigation I performed vicker hardness test by CNC milling machine to aluminum alloy H20 and H20 In this paper we using same CNC milling machine for welding the same aluminum alloys in both conventional and overlap work pieces and after that using Tensile test on the welded joints and compare the results and make conclusion. Obviously due to the wide application of overlap joints of aluminum alloys in industries the results will help us howto increase or decrease the overlap depth in different position and /or different joint required characteristics.


By syncretizing the global design and local design of feedforward neural networks, this paper proposes a localized multi layer Perceptron (LMLP), which is constructed by a set of distributively associated subnets with the same structure. Simulation results show that this network has strong learning capacity for complex nonlinear systems, and is applicable for real time learning control, by using either direct inverse modeling or distal learning strategy.


Yu et al. [Phys. Rev. A 18, 1591 (1978)] have obtained the conditions for high-power laser solitons in plasmas. Conditions are restated in a more directly verifiable way and proved more rigorously.


The value of screening for and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population is uncertain. Three studies in BMJ suggest that such interventions make a difference, but only a small one. The Oxford and Collaborators Health Check (OXCHECK) trial performed a three-year follow-up of 2205 adults who had been randomized to a screening check-up by a nurse. …


Traditionally, simulation method was used to test and evaluate the performance of communication protocol or functional elements for mobile communication service. In this Paper, PCSsim(Personal Communication System Simulator) was realized that can evaluate and review the call process of mobile communication service or to predict its performance by using the object-oriented simulation platform. PCSsim can simulate the base station and mobile host by considering the user`s mobility, call generation rate and call duration time. In this paper, based on the simulation, presented the simulation results of hand-off generation ratio according to call generation, user`s moving speed and call duration time both in residence area and commercial area, and it was confirmed that the hand-off rates in simulation and actual service environment have similar features. PCSsim can be used in adjusting the characteristics of base station fellowing the dynamic hand-off buffering or the characteristics of user`s call in the design stage, and also can be used in building new mobile communication network by reflecting the characteristics of region where the base station is located and the mobility of the user.


In this research, the effect of using the exhausted smoke of a cogeneration power plant as the working fluid of a solar chimney to increase power generation is studied by numerical methods. First, the cogeneration power plant is modeled using ASPEN HYSYS; then, the properties of the exhausted smoke including temperature, mass flow rate and etc. are entered to the model of solar chimney power plant, developed in ANSYS FLUENT. Using this hybrid model, the effect of solar radiation on power generation is compared for both air and smoke as working fluids. Furthermore, the effect of inlet temperature on power generation is also studied. The results showed that the power generation increases on average 4 times using smoke instead of air. It is also found that the optimum chimney height is 500 m using air and 600 m using the exhausted smoke of cogeneration power plant.


The Lau effect is observed when a double-grating pair is illuminated with spatially incoherent light. It would be of interest to generalize this experiment to include illuminating fields which have some degree of spatial coherence. To gain some insight into the changes the intensity distribution undergoes as the degree of spatial coherence is varied, we consider the special case of completely coherent illumination. This particular problem is easily discussed in terms of Fresnel images where it is found that the Fresnel image planes are defined by distances which are identical to the allowed grating separations in the incoherent Lau experiment. This suggests an interesting relationship between the nature of the fields in the incoherent Lau experiment and those in the coherent formation of Fresnel images.


Security D e s i g n : F r o m Streetscape to the Bigger Picture Everybody seems to have security envy these days; the level o f security y o u r agency o r b u i l d i n g receives has come to be a status s y m b o l . I do applaud the U r b a n Design and Security Plan, because N C P C and its design consultants have taken an extraordinary step f o r w a r d in address i n g a fundamental issue in the nation's capital. This should be the place that reflects democracy, i t should be beau tiful and open. So i t is that m u c h m o r e sad and pathetic w h e n , w i t h every security alert, m o r e and more barriers and bollards come out. N o t h i n g is temporary, I've learned; everything winds up b e i n g permanent, and these devices mar the landscape. H a v i n g said that, many of the chal lenges we face i n the city's Office o f P l a n n i n g start where the study leaves off. T h e study is concerned about zones three t o live; w e l l , what happens in zones one and two? T h e challenges we face include setback issues, p a r k i n g and vehicular access. D o w n t o w n , and in the other neighborhoods in w h i c h the federal g o v e r n m e n t is l o o k i n g to site its facilities, these issues have a p r o f o u n d impact on the life o f the city, its streets, its vibrancy. O f course, we w o u l d like to have beautiful streets and beautiful b u i l d i n g perimeters. B u t if y o u d o n ' t have transparency and g r o u n d - f l o o r retail, if y o u have to close streets that approach y o u r b u i l d i n g , if y o u have to have setbacks o f fifty feet or more, i f you are restricted i n the kinds of uses you have in buildings, then this starts to affect what your city is like. W e have to get i n t o the issue o f the b u i l d  i n g itself, and n o t let more and m o r e security requirements lead us to p o i n t where the fundamental f o r m o f the city is distorted. W e see this tension every day i n the D i s t r i c t . W e w a n t to keep agency headquarters and the federal presence in our city; i t has been an i m p o r t a n t source of e m p l o y m e n t and economic stimulus. A t the same t i m e we're seeing more and more restrictions c o m i n g in place that c o u l d be inimical to that goal. T h i s is particularly true as the fed eral g o v e r n m e n t has sited new b u i l d  ings in e m e r g i n g areas of the city, along o u r w a t e r f r o n t or adjacent to d o w n t o w n , places where we want to grow. T h o s e projects can be catalysts, but as the federal g o v e r n m e n t starts to impose stricter and stricter security requirements, i t starts to close itself off. Its building's are b e c o m i n g i n t e r  nally, rather than externally, focused in terms o f how they relate to other buildings, to the area i n w h i c h i t they are located, to the D i s t r i c t . T h e federal D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s  p o r t a t i o n headquarters is an interest i n g example. I t is a major headquarters that w i l l relocate to an e m e r g i n g area o f o u r city, the S o u t h  east waterfront. I t c o u l d have a very catalytic effect in that area. Before Sept. r i , i t looked like there w o u l d be an o p p o r t u n i t y to have retail on the g r o u n d floor o f the b u i l d i n g , to have a street come t h r o u g h for vehicular access, and for openness i n terms o f the g r o u n d floor, so i t really w o u l d l i t i n t o the district. T h e s e ideas have been clamped d o w n m o r e and more, w i t h restrictions on vehicular access and retail. W e ' r e seeing this n o t o n l y w i t h fetleral buildings, b u t also w i t h major private institutions that feel threat ened, for whatever reason, and feel that they need to emulate federal security requirements. I n many cases, this becomes a nonconversation. I t becomes an expert o p i n i o n that is A b o v e : P r o p o s e d streetscape, w i t h street trees a m ! h a r d e n e d streetscape e l e m e n t s . O p p o s i t e : F .iements that e n u l d seamlessly i n c o r p o r a t e b u i l d i n g perimeter securily into a beautihilly designed streetscape. AH graphics courtesy ot N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission. G S A / Rethinking Fortress Federalism


Development of age-dependent resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was studied, using isolated enterocytes and brush border membranes (BBM) from 7-day-old and 7-week-old pigs. Binding of 125I-labeled heat-stable (125I-STa) enterotoxin to enterocytes and BBM was specific, temperature- and time-dependent, saturable, and partially reversible. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of receptors. Mean +/- SD avidity of binding (apparent affinity constant, Ka) of 125I-STa to enterocytes from 7-day-old and 7-week-old pigs was 2.14 +/- 0.29 x 10(8) and 2.72 +/- 0.25 x 10(8) L/mol, respectively. Numbers of STa receptors were calculated to be 64,903 +/- 2,900/enterocyte for 7-day-old pigs and 53,029 +/- 3,117/enterocyte for 7-week-old pigs. Numbers of STa receptors expressed per milligram of BBM protein from 7-day-old pigs were 2.66 x 10(11), compared with 2.29 x 10(11) for BBM from 7-week-old pigs. By 5 minutes after addition of STa to reaction mixtures, intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentration increased 13.9-fold in enterocytes from 7-day-old pigs and 8.7-fold in enterocytes from 7-week-old pigs. The particulate guanylate cyclase activity associated with BBM from 7-week-old pigs was slightly more sensitive to low amounts of STa, compared with BBM from 7-day-old pigs; however, differences were not observed at intermediate and high amounts. These data indicate that lack of a secretory response to STa by older pigs is not attributable either to decreased numbers of STa receptors or to decreased signal response between the STa receptor and membrane-bound guanylate cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The article analyses the problems of the origin of the term «paradigm», its content and role in the logic of scientific research, and also its significance for the theory of scientific development created by T. Kun.


Asteroids are lumps of rocks – relics from the planet formation era, revolving around the Sun in a specific orbit between Mars and Jupiter. Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa was launched in May 2003 to fetch a small sample from the asteroid Itokawa (named after the Japanese rocket scientist Hideo Itokawa). When Hayabusa was stationed close to Itokawa in September 2005, it acquired extensive photographs of the asteroid. Eventually, despite many technical glitches, the space probe grazed Itokawa's surface, collected tiny grains of asteroid material, and dramatically returned to Earth in June 2010. It was the very first time an asteroid was sampled and photographed in such grand detail. Scientists were especially puzzled by the photographs captured by Hayabusa, as they revealed an unusually large number of huge boulders on the asteroid's surface. On a planetary surface such as the Earth, we generally find a specific power law distribution of the size of the boulders: there are relatively fewer large boulders and a huge number of smaller ones. Surprisingly, this was not the case on Itokawa; obviously, it was a challenge to explain the disproportionately higher number of large boulders! In fact, Eros, another asteroid similarly photographed by NASA's NEAR Shoemaker space probe, also exhibited a similar skewed distribution of boulders, hinting at a common pattern extant among the asteroids. Boulders scattered on the surface of the asteroid (Figure 1) were initially thought to be fragments ejected when other bodies hit the asteroid. In which case, every smash would leave behind a crater as its imprint. However, volume of such impact craters on the surface of Itokawa did not match with that of the boulders; in fact the volume of total boulder exceeded that of total crater. In other words, the observed boulders on the surface of Itokawa cannot be attributed to the impacts alone. While the crater–boulder volume discrepancy may be resolved by various ways, the peculiar pattern of the size distribution of boulders remained a puzzle: Why are there relatively more number of large boulders on the surface? Mutsumura et al. demonstrated a novel way to tackle this problem. They addressed the problem using the famous Brazil Nut Effect (BNE; Box 1). It has been shown that when a bowl of mixed nuts is constantly shaken, due to the granular convection or BNE, the bigger nuts rise to the surface while the smaller nuts settle underneath. Simply put, during the shake, smaller nuts slide under the bigger nuts and prevent the large ones from settling at the bottom; the process continues until the big ones sift to the top. BNE was proposed as a potential mechanism to account for the observed skewed distribution of boulders on asteroids: large boulders rise to the surface of an asteroid due to their seismic shaking, akin to the rise of large Brazil nuts in a shaken container of a mixture of nuts of different sizes. Researchers from the University of Dundee, University of Maryland College Park and University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, have now demonstrated how this effect could indeed be employed to explain the observed anomaly, through simulations using the N-body code PKDGRAV, which is a simulation algorithm adopted for particle collisions. In the simulated experiment, 1800 small spheres of radius 1 cm and one large sphere of radius 3 cm, all with density akin to aluminium, were poured into a container. Initially, the large sphere was placed at the bottom and then the container was vertically vibrated above a certain threshold frequency. Gradually, the large sphere moved to the top and eventually reached the surface. The next obvious step was to verify if BNE can indeed be employed to explain the observed pattern of boulder size distribution on Itokawa. As an initial step, they simulated the gravity of the Moon, Ceres, Itokawa and Eros and introduced oscillating frequencies that match the respective gravity conditions and found that the large particles rose to the surface. In particular, if the seismic shaking provided the oscillations that could lead to BNE, the size sorting of boulders on asteroids might be possible. Matsumara and her associates estimated that the time for the boulders to arrive at the surface of the asteroids ranges anywhere between a few hours to a day, which requires a considerably long duration of vibration. They suggest that this can be attained through multiple impacts or long-lasting seismic shaking.


Springback is caused by the recovery of elasticity of a flat-rolled metal, which occurs when the forming force is released from a flat-rolled metal. Springback takes place in a large degree when a high strength steel plate or AI alloy sheet is processed. It has been known that hardening model is the most efficient for the prediction of springback. Recently, various researches have been carried out. In particular, Yoshida-Uemori model has been proved to be the most suitable for forecasting the springback of a high strength steel plate. In this paper, Uniaxial tension tests and cyclic loading tests(T-C-T, C-T-C) were conducted on the 1050 Al alloy sheet, 3003, and 5052 series. And based on the test results, coefficients required for Yoshida-Uemori model have been figured out. In addition, the test results were put into commercial finite element program PAM-STAMP to predict the springback of Al Alloy sheet and the outcome has been proved to be quite accurate.


Functional connectivity is measured as the temporal coherence or correlation between the activities of disjoint brain areas. The direct statistical dependency between every two brain regions in the functional network can be obtained using the partial correlation method. Partial correlations can be computed efficiently if a sufficient number of data points are available. However, in most FMRI studies, computing partial correlations is a daunting challenge due to the limitation on the number samples available from fMRI scans. Therefore, functional connectivity is often defined based on the sample correlation matrix. To eliminate week correlations and sparsify the brain functional network, sample correlations are often thresholded to some pre-specified level. As an alternative technique, graphical lasso has become popular in the literature for identifying the direct correlations between the activities of different parts of the brain using a small number of samples. In this work, we investigate the performance of these two techniques on: (i) synthetic data produced by an electrical circuit model with certain structural properties, and (ii) resting state-fMRI data. In addition, we compare these techniques with a heuristic algorithm known as Cow-Liu that finds a maximum weight spanning tree of a weighted graph. Our study shows that the simple method of thresholding the correlation matrix and the computationally-expensive graphical lasso algorithm both create false positives and negatives that wrongly imply some network properties such as small-worldness. Furthermore, we show that the Chow-Liu algorithm is able to recover most of the network topology for an acyclic network. Finally, we propose a heuristic algorithm for generalizing the Chow-Liu algorithm to cyclic graphs. 1. Significance Statement In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the human brain functional networks using functional MRI. To obtain a physiologically meaningful representation of brain functional networks, it is desirable Email addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (Somayeh Sojoudi), email@example.com (John C. Doyle) to identify the direct relationships between the variabilities of different brain regions rather than indirect correlations. However, due to the availability of a limited number of samples in practice, it is a daunting challenge to estimate these direct relationships. In this work, we develop a framework that allows us to systematically evaluate the performance of some popular techniques in modeling brain functional networks. Moreover, we offer a new heuristic algorithm that would outperform the previous techniques under different scenarios.


AKANoah PoliTo is a student team from Politecnico di Torino which aims to design an environmental monitoring strategy for the urban river ecosystem and a plastic waste collection system.
Data gathering and analysis are key for monitoring, mitigating, and preventing pollution of such a pivotal resource as the river environment, as pointed out by the 2030 Agenda. The urban context is a critical hotspot of pollution because its high-density population leads to multiple types of contamination, such as stormwater discharges, accidental releases, littering and irresponsible use of the river infrastructure by locals. Furthermore, surface watercourses collect different pollutants along their path, becoming a very important matrix to be monitored.
The project focuses on developing and testing both the procedure and the proper instrumentation to carry out water quality assessment, microplastic sampling and macroplastic cleaning tasks, following the principles of efficiency, low environmental impact, and replicability. The monitoring and collection strategy proposed by AKANoah is a fast, efficient, and easily repeatable boat-based solution which combines macroplastic river cleaning and data acquisition on micro and macro pollutants.
This strategy is intended to bring a positive impact on both the local community and the ecosystem. It also has the potential to open new opportunities for city businesses and to bring educational values not only to students directly involved in the project but also to the citizens who benefit from a healthy, thriving urban river environment and its related ecosystem services (leisure activities, urban parks, storm flows regulation).


Objectives: We sought to explore perceptions and attitudes associated with nicotine addiction, quitting unassisted or "cold turkey", and media approaches toward tobacco cessation among people who quit cold turkey. Methods: We conducted a descriptive phenomenological study using focus group interviews with purposeful sampling. Three focus groups were convened, one with past smokers that successfully quit cold turkey (n=11), second with current smokers that attempted cold turkey but were unsuccessful (n=7), and the third with current smokers that never tried quitting cold turkey (n=9). Individuals were recruited from respondents to the 2016 Arkansas Adult Tobacco Survey. Groups were moderated by an independent third-party. Participants completed a confidential lifestyle survey prior to the focus group discussions to gain additional smoking-related information. Perceptions and attitudes about tobacco use, nicotine addiction, quitting "cold turkey", and public health media approaches toward tobacco cessation among former and current smokers were gathered from video recordings and transcripts. Results: Former smokers who quit "cold turkey" stated that it worked because they were finally ready to quit. Current smokers that failed the "cold turkey" approach attribute their failure to lack of readiness, and a general skepticism towards any quit approaches. Additionally, negative messages were minimally impactful with regard to quitting - there must be a readiness to do so. Conclusion: The focus groups revealed that public health messages to promote "cold turkey" should be positive, empowering, and demonstrate the scope for renewed health; telling people what quitting "Will do", not what "Not quitting will do" is vital


The technical properties of concrete will be detdrmined directly according to the quality of concrete curing. The application of concrete curing technology should be determined according to the construction climatic situation and the construction environment by considering the influences of temperature and humidity, as well as the requirement on water used for concrete curing. The curing technologies are usually classified as natural curing, solar energy curing, steam vapor curing, accelerated hardening curing, etc. Natural curing is usually used for construction in situ, or at prestressing field in the working place. In order to speed up the circulation of pattern, the steam vapor curing is usually used for construction in the factory. In practical procedure, the combination of different types of curing technologies will be used usually.


In this paper, we present a reducing power conswnption of a scheduling for module selection under the time constraint. The proposed low power scheduling executes FDS_LP considering low power to exist the FDS scheduling by inputted the behavioral language. The proposed FDS_LP perfonns lower power consumption with dynamic power which is minimized the switching activity, based on force conception In the time step of module selection, an optimal RT(Register Transfer) library is composed by exploration of the parameters such as power, area, and delay. To find optimal parameters of RT library, an optimal module selection algorithm using Branch and Bound algorithm is also proposed. In the comparison and experimental results, The proposed FDS_LP algorithm reduce maximum power saving up to 23.9% comparing to previous FDS algorithm.


The main aim of this master thesis research is to examine whether there is a significant effect of audit quality on the level of earnings management. Prior literature suggests that audit quality depends on multiple characteristics. In this study, the characteristics auditor size, auditor independence and auditor tenure have been used to measure audit quality. The level of earnings management is measured by using a discretionary accruals estimation method: the Modified Jones model introduced by Dechow et al. (1995). The effect of audit quality on earnings management is expected to be negative, as a qualitatively good audit is expected to constrain earnings management. This effect is examined by employing a multiple regression model controlling for firm size, firm leverage, sales growth and industry, using a sample of 52 Dutch listed firms in 2016. The results suggest that, in a Dutch context, the level of earnings management is not directly affected by audit quality. This could imply that audit firms should improve their performance and that regulatory agencies should improve their supervision in order to enhance audit quality and restrain earnings management.


The identification of SISO linear dynamic systems in the presence of output noise disturbances is considered. A 'nonparametric' Box-Jenkins approach is studied: the parametric noise model is replaced by a nonparametric model that is obtained in a preprocessing step, and this without any user interaction. The major advantage for the user is that i) one method can be used to replace the classical ARX, ARMAX, OE, and Box-Jenkins models; ii) no noise model order should be selected. This makes the identification much easier to use for a wider public; iii) a bias on the plant model does not create a bias on the noise model. The disadvantage of the proposed nonparametric approach is a small loss in efficiency with respect to the optimal parametric choice. These results are illustrated on a series of well selected problems.


Concerning the defects of traditional rule matching engine,a solution using multi-dimensional bloom filters based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) was proposed.The rule matching engine was designed to process both packet header and payload in parallel.The suspicious strings were picked up by the multi-dimensional bloom filters engines,and then sent to bit-split state machine for verification.The experimental results demonstrate that the false positive probability of the engine is reduced by using the multi-dimensional bloom filters,which results in a higher throughput.


In a recent book, [1], I have shown how some aspects of several macroscopic systems could be analyzed by using, as dynamical variables, operators acting on finite or infinitedimensional Hilbert spaces and assuming that the time evolution is driven by a suitable Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian can be constructed out of the system in a rather straightforward way, by adopting few simple rules. In this talk we review the general ideas, and then we focus the attention on some results concerning some simplified stock markets. In particular, we will discuss the role of the information before and after the trading procedures start.


The Hebrew aljamias are the result of the mixture of the Latin writing system and the Hebrew writing system, along with the creation of new rules intrinsic to this writing. Our aim is to understand this hybrid writing system more clearly, taking as reference point the 15th Jewish manuscript De magia (Ms. Laud Or. 282, Bodleian Library). To this end, the system of arrival - the hebrew aljamia - is compared with the starting systems - Hebrew and Portuguese. We can conclude that Latin is the most redundant and the most complete, but the least economical writing systems. On the other hand, Hebrew is the least redundant, the most economical and the least complete among them, situating the aljamia at an intermediate point between the two extremes. This system, resulting from so many changes and accommodations of rules, allows a satisfactory readability of the text and is an efficient tool for communication between its users.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal meningeal diverticula have been implicated in the pathogenesis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and have been proposed as both diagnostic features of and therapeutic targets for the condition. We compared the prevalence and myelographic appearance of spinal diverticula in patients with SIH and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients satisfying the ICHD-2 criteria for SIH were retrospectively identified. CT myelograms of 19 patients withSIHwerecomparedwithCTmyelogramsof18controlpatients.Imageswerereviewedby2blindedneuroradiologists.Theprevalence, morphology (round versus multilobulated), size, and location (cervical, upper thoracic, lower thoracic, or lumbar) of spinal meningeal diverticula were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no difference in the proportion of patients with diverticula in the SIH group compared with the control group (68% versus 44%, P (cid:1) .14) or in the mean number of diverticula per patient (6.3 versus 2.2, P (cid:1) .099). No difference was seen in the morphology ( P (cid:1) .95) or size ( P (cid:1) .71) of diverticula between groups. There was a difference between groups that just reached statistical significance ( P (cid:1) .050) in the location of the diverticula along the spinal axis, but substantial overlap was seen between groups for all spinal locations. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the well-established association between spinal meningeal diverticula and SIH, we found no difference in the prevalence or myelographic appearance of diverticula in patients with SIH compared with controls. Further investigation into the role of diverticula in the diagnosis and treatment of SIH is necessary.


The Economic Societies are one of the most interesting and best known achievements of the Spanish Enlightenment. This article is a study of the Economic Societies as a whole, focusing in particular on their origins, the steps to their creation, social composition, internal organization and especially on their achievements, in the fields both of the education and of the economy. It sums up the state of historical enquiry on the subject to date, and will be of value to all students of the eighteenth century


Medicinal plants represent a rich source of Phytochemical and antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs.1 A wide range of medicinal plant parts is used for extract as raw drugs and they possess varied medicinal properties. While some of these raw drugs are collected in small quantities by the local communities and traditional healers for local use.2 Considering the vast potentiality of plant as sources for antimicrobial drugs with reference to antibacterial and antifungal agents, the plant Leptadenia hastata was undertaken to screen the local flora for its antifungal, antibacterial activity as well as the phytochemical screening. This situation provided the impetus to the search for new antimicrobial substances from various sources like Leptadenia hastata stem-bark.3 Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne (Family-Asclepiadaceae), commonly known as hastata is an edible non-domesticated vegetable and it is collected in wild throughout Africa.4 Leptadenia hastata is a voluble herb with creeping latex stems, glabescent leaves, glomerulus and racemus flowers as well as follicle fruits. It is typically grown in tropical dry lands in sandy soil.5 Wild foods like Leptadenia hastata provide food security during seasonal changes and are used medicinally in many areas. The breeders commonly used the leaf and stems for their parasitic activity and against placental retention.6-8


A novel mode of operation of a reluctance motor is described. The motor combines the advantageous feature of a one-piece lamination, usual with conventional salient-pole designs, and an improved synchronous performance approaching that of the newer segmented-rotor designs. Pull-in performance is good, particularly with high inertias.


ABSTRACT Large volumes of water evaporate from reservoirs in arid and semi-arid regions. Such water losses are substantial in the regional water balance, and must be considered in the management of water resources. This paper evaluates 12 reservoir evaporation methods that are applied to calculate daily evaporation from Karkheh reservoir (Iran) created by the world's sixth largest dam. The Bowen ratio energy budget (BREB) formula is chosen as the reference method for the purpose of evaluating 12 alternative evaporation methods. The evaporation methods are ranked based on their accuracy, sensitivity to input variables, and simplicity of application by means of the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria decision analysis method. Our results from a multi-year data set for Karkheh reservoir indicate that the best-ranked methods by TOPSIS considering the performance indices are the solar radiation-temperature based methods and the Blaney and Criddle method that is based on temperature and daylight duration variables.


The invention is relates to the synthesis of a kind of diluent for well drilling mud. Said method is used the thiosulfonic salt as main raw material, and the acrylic acid and acryulamide as monomer which controls a suitable PH value and temperature to carry on the graft polymerization reaction under the function of initiator. At the same time, the lignin is caused by carboxy and acylamino, the adsorbtion is enhanced, thereby, the performance of diluent is improved. Again, the ferrous sulfate is used for ligend reaction which the stable chelate is formed, finally, the product is obtained through filtering and drying. The finished product is nontoxic and possesses of good performance of adherence-down, shearing-down, high temperature-resistance, salt-resistance, and calcium-resistance. The production cost is lower and could meet the need for the well drilling mud.


15 Mar 2004 These solutions are in progress. For more information on either the solutions or the book (published by CRC), check the website http://www.stat.columbia.edu/∼gelman/book/ For each graph and some other computations, we include the code used to create it using the S computer language. The S commands are set off from the text and appear in typewriter font. If you find any mistakes, please notify us by e-mailing to firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you very much. c ©1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004 Andrew Gelman, John Carlin, Hal Stern, and Rich Charnigo. We also thank Jiangtao Du for help in preparing some of these solutions and Rob Creecy, Xin Feng, and Yi Lu for finding mistakes.


Plasma phenylalanine concentrations vary throughout the day by a well-described circadian rhythm. This rhythm is altered in phenylketonuric subjects. The implications for monitoring a pregnant phenylketonuric are considered.


Polarization and electromagnetic properties in artificial multi-form helix structures are investigated. Four different forms of the helix core, i.e. circular, triangular, square, and hexagonal shape are studied. Based on their orientations, total inductance and capacitance are varied resulting in the shift of their resonance frequency. It is found that multi-form helices with different numbers of helical backbones can generate a unique beam splitting behavior. These split left and right circular polarized waves provide opposite refractive index broad bandwidth, where one of the two circularly polarized waves is normally filtered out.


Jakabaring Sport City (JSC) is an integrated sports facility complex and a public tourist spot in Palembang. Due to its extensive area and numerous facilities, visitors need a map with distinct markers for the landmark to make it easier when walking around. Recent technology advancements and its expanding role in various fields invites the question on how to integrate technology in the tourism industry. This journal aims to create an android-based digital map application with augmented reality (AR) as a guiding medium that will display directions towards the Jakabaring exit gate. This app is built using Maps SDK for Android to build the digital maps, Navigation SDK for Android to run navigation, and Maps for Unity to display AR objects that will show the directions towards the exit. The development focuses on a location-based service using GPS to track the user's whereabouts and provide real-time location data around the user. This application has a location search feature, a guiding direction (route and navigation) to a designed location, and an AR camera feature to display where the JSC exit gate is located. Every feature is working well and able to help users while visiting JSC. However, this application could still be improved in the AR feature because on its current version, it is only able to display directions to the JSC exit gate when users are within a radius of one kilometer or less to the exit.


The authors present the design of real-time intelligent controllers. These types of controllers use the input and output of a system and predict dynamic changes in system behavior. The intelligent controller algorithm is integrated as part of the system controller and minimizes the use of expert system programs that usually require additional software and hardware interfacing. This method of controller design is integrated in a robot control system and has shown a high degree of accuracy. The real-time dynamic change detection capability in the control strategy results in generation of corrective control signals to the system under control, improving system response time and accuracy.<<ETX>>


Compromise is a significant component of career decisions as well as many other personal decisions. This article presents a conceptual model for dealing with career compromise and discusses its implications for the career counseling process. The model identifies three possible framings that individuals may adopt when facing compromise. Specifically, compromise may be framed in terms of career alternatives, the importance of different aspects, and within-aspect preferences. The distinctions among the three framings have distinct implications for the career decision-making process. Suggestions are discussed for relevant intervention options aimed at decreasing the potentially harmful effects of the need to compromise. Compromise refers to the process of bridging gaps between what is desirable and what is attainable. The study of career compromise is significant because, as in other life situations (e.g., choice of spouse), individuals often desire some ideal image which is generally unavailable in the real world. The need to compromise and depart from the fantasy or the ideal may lead to confusion, frustration, and indecision. Furthermore, it may produce regret after the decision has been made. Thus, the difficulties encountered by many individuals in making their career decision can be attributed, at least in part, to the inevitable need to compromise. Indeed, the ability to deal with compromise is regarded as one of the indicators of decision-making competence (Mann, Harmoni, & Power, 1989). It seems that while the potential effects of compromise on the career decision-making process are of crucial importance, they have not yet received the attention they fully deserve (Pryor,1987). The traditional view of career compromise has focused on the discrepancy between the individuals' characteristics and the characteristics of the available opportunities (Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, & Herma, 1951), or between self-concept and reality (Super, 1953). Following Gottfredson's (1981) circumscription and compromise theory, there has been a renewed interest in compromise (e.g., Hesketh, Elmslie, & Kaldor, 1990; Leung & Harmon, 1990; Pryor,1987; Pryor TTaylor & Pryor,1985). In this article, we discuss a conceptual model for career compromise which is based on concepts adapted from decision theory (Brown, 1990; Gati, 1986; Jepsen & Dilley, 1974; Mitchell & Krumboltz, 1984; Phillips, 1994; Pitz & Harren, 1980, Slaney, 1988; Walsh & Osipow, 1988). Specifically, relying on the theoretical approach developed by Gati (1993), we propose that compromise can be perceived through any one of three framings, each of which has a distinct inhibiting or facilitating effect on the decision-making process. Seen in this perspective, Gottfredson's theory focuses mainly on only one of the three possible framings for thinking about compromise (i.e., the aspects' importance framing), and disregards the other two (i.e., the alternatives framing and the withinaspect preferences framing). We begin by introducing the relevant terms. Then we describe the three possible framings of compromise and discuss their various effects on the career decisionmaking process. Finally, we suggest counseling intervention options that may facilitate the career decision-making process by improving the way compromises are dealt with. DEFINITIONS Career decision makers seek the career alternative (e.g., economist, paramedic, lawyer) most suitable for them within the potential set of career alternatives. Any consideration, characteristic, attribute, or factor relevant to the career decision (e.g., *income," "working indoors or outdoors," "independence") is labeled an aspect (Gati, Osipow & Givon, 1995; Gati, Garty & Fassa, 1996; Pryor, 1983). For practical reasons, the variations within each aspect (e.g., different degrees of independence, different lengths of training) are divided into a number of discrete quantitative or qualitative levels. …


Two systematic adaptive control approaches are applied for tracking and regulating the Lorenz chaotic system. The adaptive synchronization approach is implemented with 3 individual controllers used in the Lyapunov function design. The adaptive backstepping control is also introduced with a single controller at much less control efforts. The asymptotic stability for both proposed control laws has been theoretically proved in detail. The numerical simulations on both cases of nonlinear control design have shown proper tracking and regulation performance as well as robustness, which can be easily extended to other chaotic control systems. Comparisons on merits and drawbacks of two means of engineering practices have been made and analyzed.


The N-acetyl GM3 ganglioside (NAcGM3) is an important glycosphingolipid currently used to prepare a new therapeutic cancer vaccine. Some quantities of this ganglioside were obtained by using [1→4] lactone as the trisaccharide protective function. Thus, sialylation of hexabenzyllactose acceptor with 5-acetyl neuraminylthiophenyl donor afforded the (2→3) trisaccharide as an α/β (3:1) mixture. The α-anomer was isolated through selective [1→4] lactone formation followed by chromatography. The lactone was hydrogenolyzed, per-O-acetylated, and selectively deacetylated, and a trichloroacetimidate donor was synthesized from the obtained compound. Azidosphingosine glycosylation, followed by azide group reduction and acylation of the resulting amino glycoside with stearic acid provided the protected ganglioside, which was finally subjected to the Zemplen's procedure, before saponification, to obtain the NAcGM3 in an overall yield of 11.5% at multigram scale.


This study has aim to see the influence of the quality of services and product quality against and buy to consumers in the Lotte mart of Surabaya city. The kind of research being done was quantitative research with used method of sample selection used in this research was purposive sampling as 100 respondents. are as many as peopleas for this research result among others variable quality of services significant impact on consumers to buy on variable interest lotte mart surabaya and variable quality product positive influence significantly to variasbel interest to buy on buyers in lotte mart Surabaya


The magnetic method is firmly established as an investigative procedure in applied geophysics, and it is increasingly recognised that an understanding of the elements of magnetic petrophysics assists in optimising field data interpretations. These notes expand on the rock magnetism data previously presented by Emerson (1979) and Clark (1983); the data presented are based on magnetic property studies in the CSIRO Division of Exploration Geoscience and the Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Sydney and on published studies and compilations. The systematic collection of petrophysical data by many workers over the last decade has greatly expanded the size and scope of available data. Works listed in the Bibliography should be consulted for further information.


The IEEE 802.11 standard does not define any feedback policy for the multicast transport. Hence missing multicast packets are not retransmitted and are definitely lost. In this paper we define the Block Negative-Ack (BNAK) recovery policy. Using our protocol, the multicast source transmits a block of multicast packets followed by a Block NAK Request (BNR). Upon reception of a BNR, a multicast member generates a Block NAK Response (BNAK) only if it missed some packets. A BNAK is transmitted after channel contention in order to avoid any eventual collision with other feedbacks, and is acknowledged. Under the assumption that the packet error rate (PER) of the wireless medium is low, a very limited number of BNAK will be generated and the network bandwidth will be saved. To measure the bandwidth cost of the Block NAK policy and to demonstrate its utility, we define an analytical model of our proposal and of the GCR-Block-Ack policy defined by the IEEE 802.11aa. The obtained results show that our protocol has a very high efficiency when the PER is limited, and outperforms the IEEE 802.11aa significantly.


The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and adverse effect on patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclins treated with docetaxel (DTX) plus capecitabine. Sixty-one patients metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclins were randomized into two groups: 31 cases in the experimental group and 30 cases in the control group. The experimental group: Capecitabine 1 650 mg/(m~2·d), d_1-d_ 14 , DTX 75 mg/(m~2·d) , intravenous infusion, d_1. The control group: DTX 100 mg/(m~2·d),intravenous infusion, d_1. The 2 regimens were repeated every 3 weeks and totally 4 cycles. The evaluation was performed at 2 weeks after the completion of chemotherapy. Sixty-one patients all had evaluable lesions. For the experimental group: RR rate was 45.2%( 14/31 ) and MST 14.3 months. Grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ toxicity (67.7%,21/31) and Grade Ⅳ (29%) were mainly hand-foot syndrome, myelosuppression, alopecia and GI discomfort. For the control group: the RR rate was 30.0%(9/30) and MST 10.9 months. Grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ toxicity (50.0%,15/30) and Grade Ⅳ (33.3%,10/30), were mainly fever,myalgia, anthralgia and neutropenia. Our results show that DTX plus capecitabineis is effective to patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclins and the toxicity is acceptable.


Objective To investigate the clinical application value of video-assisted mini-thoracotomy on non-small cell lung cancer.Methods All 213 patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) at stage I ~ IIIa from January 2008 to August 2012 were treated,82 cases underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy(CVATS group),63 patients received video-assisted mini-thoracotomy thoracotomy(VAMT group).And the clinical indicators of two groups in perioperative period were compared and analyzed.Results There was no significant differences in volume of intraoperative bleeding,dissected lymph node number,postoperative analgesic time,length of hospitalization between the two groups(P 0.05).However,operation duration,hospitalization costs of patients in VAMT group were less than those in CVATS group(P 0.05).Duration of postoperative catheter drainage of patients in VAMT groups is slightly longer than those in CVATS group,but the difference was no statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion VAMT lobectomy can thoroughly clean the lymph nodes,has advantages of less invasive,faster recovery,shorter hospital stay,low cost,etc,which can be used as a surgical approach in nonsmall cell lung cancer with no taboos now.It is feasible to promote in the primary hospital.


The mean lifetimes of positrons in 4,4'-n-octyloxycyanobiphenyl and p-decyloxybenzylidene p'-amino 2-methyl butyl cinnamate were measured. The measurements of magnetic susceptibility and differential scanning calorimetry were also carried out to study the influence of molecular order and phase transition on the mean lifetime of positrons. The poistron lifetime spectra consist of two components. The mean lifetimes of the shortlived and the longlived components in these liquid crystals increase abruptly at the solid-smectic transition. It seems that the change in the shortlived component at the mesomorphic phase transitions depends on the magnitude of transition enthalpy. The longlived component shows a maximum in the smectic A phase. The maximum mean lifetime of the longlived component in the smectic A may be related to the size of defects in the well-defined fluid regions.


Impersonal sentences constitute a broad category in description and typology. In this paper we focus on the kind of predications where one of the arguments (typically the subject) is labelled as impersonal because of its low referentiality and we offer a first characterization of such predications in Catalan Sign Language (llengua de signes catalana, LSC). 1 The literature has often referred to such cases as arbitrary interpretations, whether they are overtly marked for it or not. We will follow Siewierska (2011) and call this class R(eferential)-impersonals, in order to distinguish them, for instance, from quasi-arguments in weather verbs or in predications with expletive-like and clausal subjects. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 offers a brief overview of the forms that can convey an arbitrary interpretation cross-linguistically and we briefly present the two different analyses for non-referential subjects. Section 3 presents previous research on (non-)specificity and genericity marking in LSC relevant for the present account. Section 4 offers a description of the overt marking expressed by functional lexical elements to denote impersonal reference in LSC, as well as a characterization of anaphoric uses and the interaction of role shift in generic predications with arbitrary subjects. Section 5 presents the hybrid analysis underlying this paper according to which impersonal reference is instantiated by generic and indefinite pronouns. Finally, section 6 summarizes the main findings.


YVO4 has good chemical stability,which can be doped easily by tervalence rare earths easily.YVO4:Eu nanoparticales were prepared using hydrothermal synthsis method and characterized by XRD and TEM.The results indicated that all of the samples were tetragonal phase with complete morphology and well-distributed sizes.The results of emission spectra indicated that the samples showed different emission peaks at different temperature.The samples prepared at 2000C showed characteristic peaks of Eu3+ions,and the strongest peak appeared at 619 nm.


Background. congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (cnldo) is a common developmental anomaly, and in most cases, obstruction is located at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. the rate of spontaneous resolution of cnldo is up to 96% during the first year of life, and, therefore, most authors advise only medical treatment in the first months of life. when obstruction persists, lacrimal probing is performed. conventionally, the next steps in surgical treatment are lacrimal intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy. the intranasal approach was first proposed many years ago, but became possible only after the development of advanced endoscopic rhinosurgery. at present, it is widely used to treat cnldo. Objectives. to evaluate the effectiveness of rhinoscopy assisted lacrimal probing as a treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. Material and methods. we enrolled 14 children with cnldo to this case series study. all children underwent surgery between 01.03.2016 and 30.03.2018. data about symptoms and previous treatment were first collected, surgery was then performed, and all patients were then reexamined postoperatively and data about results recorded. Results. the age range was 6–152 months (median 30 months). Four (4) patients had no history of previous surgery, and ten (10) had undergone lacrimal probing before. the overall final success rate was 85.71% (12/14 patients, including 2 infants with dacryocystitis). Conclusions. in our group of patients, endoscopy assisted lacrimal probing is an effective method of treatment for cnldo. we suggest to use this method in cases of children older than 12 months with one or more unsuccessful probing, with infants with dacryocystitis, and always before considering dacryocystorhinostomy.


This paper discusses the potential of birds as indicators of sustainable forest management. Several reviews have been critical of birds as indicators of environmental change, and we discuss the maj...


The local softening damage is linearly combined with non-local softening damage to express the interior variable of non-local softening damage, and the composite reflection mode of the non-local variable at the integral point of deformation body boundary is established accordingly. On this basis, the (Mohr-Coulomb) model and hypoplasticity model are applied to analyze the deformation localization in the failure process of slope and retaining wall. The 2-D and 3-D finite element calculation results show that the model with statistical characteristic length in soil can appropriately simulate the constitutive behavior of non-local softening or damage in geomechanical material even in 3-D case. It is concluded that the non-local continuous model can be used to forecast the progressive failure of slope and retaining wall when localization of deformation arose.


The reform could drastically improve the country's competitiveness as an investment destination. But banks want something better suited to local conditions


The THELMA code is used to study the coupled thermal-hydraulic electro-magnetic problem of the current and temperature distribution inside the TFPRO2 Nb3Sn SULTAN sample, which was tested in 2007. The code computes self-consistent voltage and temperature values both on the jacket, where they are measured, and inside the cable, where they are more directly representative of the conductor performance. The measured temperature gradients, related to non-uniform Joule heating at the joint and in the high-field region, as well as to non uniform current distribution, are reasonably well reproduced by the model, together with the voltage-current characteristics.


Throughout this paper, by a Riemannian manifold we always mean an ndimensional connected and oriented manifold covered by a system of local coordinates {x1} (i=l, 2, ■■■ , n) and furnished with a Riemannian metric tensor g ―g^dx^dx1. We use the Einstein summation convention with respect to repeated indices. Furthermore, geometric objects and some functions appeared in this paper are always assumed to be smooth, unless otherwise stated. Let M be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with a metric tensor g. We use the standard notation for the covariant derivative 1, the exterior differential d, the codifferential d, the Laplacian A and the volume element dV of M. We denote by and | | the inner product and the norm induced in


Press–Save the Children Youth Norway has since 2018 been a formal partner in the CO-CREATE project. After 5 years in the project, Press reflects in this Comment on the experience of a civil society organisation representing young people in the 'co-creation' in collaboration with academic partners in CO-CREATE, highlighting the opportunities and limitations encountered. Press has found it fascinating to be part of such a large-scale EU project gaining valuable insights into the inner workings of research. Despite representing a small organisation with few colleagues focusing on overweight-related issues, Press believes its perspective has added value to the project, particularly in forming the 'youth task force'. The project has significantly transformed Press' perception of public health and obesity, from perceiving it as an uncomfortable topic to recognising it as a critical societal problem requiring systemic solutions. One of Press' main takeaways from the project is the experience of hosting the CO-CREATE Youth Conference in March 2022. During this conference, young people from the project and other youth organisations finally got to meet each other after two long years of Covid-19 restrictions and online-only meetings. Seventy youths from 12 different countries participated in the conference: youth alliance members, Press members and youth organisation representatives, and consortium members. The CO-CREATE Youth Conference was first and foremost an arena for young people from across Europe to learn, share and connect. This experience gave momentum for further engagement and political activity, both within and outside of the project. The fact that Press is a youth organisation with both young members and employees has advantages and disadvantages. Our central volunteers are aged 18–22, while our employees are aged 22–30. On the positive side, this means that both the employees and volunteers at Press who have worked on the project fall within the project's target audience. This allows us to provide relevant perspectives and speak on behalf of the group to a great extent. On the other hand, being a 'young organisation', we experience high turnover among Press' CO-CREATE liaison staff, other employees and volunteers. This has made it challenging to create a sense of ownership within the organisation of the project, especially during the pandemic. Young people's involvement during the project's planning and development phases has been limited. Press recognises that increased youth inclusion in these early phases could have greatly benefited future youth engagement as the project progressed. For example, increased inclusion could have made the Youth Alliances more successful in more CO-CREATE countries. One of the key outputs of CO-CREATE is the Youth Task Force, for which Press has taken the primary responsibility of coordinating. This group comprises six young people aged 19–23 from Norway, Portugal and Poland. The Youth Task Force emerged from the Youth Alliances in an earlier phase of the project, with the goal of creating a Youth Declaration. After completing this task, the Youth Task Force has represented youth internally within the project and externally at conferences and meetings. Working with this group of young, dedicated and highly skilled individuals has been incredibly engaging and rewarding for those involved in the project. They have been excellent at providing constructive criticism and positive feedback to the project. In conclusion, Press expresses enthusiasm for working on COCREATE and its profound impact on public health and overweightrelated matters. We emphasise to future projects that the intentional inclusion of young people in such project might provide young people with a loud voice and a real impact. This is what we have found within CO-CREATE.


Objective: One interest for Child Psychiatry daily practice is mentally and physical disabled children. As well as the importance of giving the appropriate psychiatric treatment for these children, a wide-range of knowledge about their social and educational rights is also necessary for guiding them properly. We aimed to evaluate and share the clinical experiences of Ege University Medical School in light of the new Health Committee Instructions for disabled children. Methods: The application reasons, diagnoses, difficulties in health committee procedures, the variety of problems in these steps and solution proposals were reported along our last experiences. Results: In the first half of 2010, 40% of all health committee report cases were referred from Child Psychiatry clinics. The most common diagnoses were mental retardation, developmental delay, pervasive developmental disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders and stuttering. The most common application reasons were asking for special education reports, tax reductions, homecare-payment, educational benefits and to obtain some official privileges like official work place changes of parents. Discussion: For better health committee reports all child psychiatry specialists should read the official instructions in detail, all the cases should be evaluated properly and the reports have to be written after completing the necessary procedures.


The invention provides a driving apparatus of a fan motor, connected between a pulse width modulation signal generator and a controller, including a converter, electrically connected with the pulse width modulation signal generator, wherein the converter can output a first reference voltage according to the working period of a pulse width modulation signal generated by the pulse width modulation signal generator; a reference voltage generator, electrically connected with an external power source for generating a second reference voltage according to the external power source; a comparator including a first input end electrically connected with the converter, a second input end electrically connected with the reference voltage generator and an output end electrically connected with the controller. When the first reference voltage is higher than the second reference voltage, the output end outputs a modulated driving signal to the controller to control the speed of the fan motor.


Deliberate practice of invasive procedures on simulation phantoms has been recommended to teach trainees. For many departments, these task trainers can be prohibitively expensive. Sometimes, phantoms for specialized procedures are not commercially available at all. There are currently are no commercially available simulation phantoms for the purpose of ultrasound (US)‐guided glenohumeral joint injection.


Objective In this study,we detected CK20 mRNA and CEA mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients and healthy donors.Then their clinical significance was evaluated.Methods CEA mRNA and CK20mRNA in the peripheral blood samples of 30 patients with gastric and colorectal cancer,and 23 healthy donors were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Results Analysis showed high CEAmRNA and CK20mRNA expression levels in cancer patients in contrast to healthy donors(P=0.000,P=0.000).In patients,CK 20mRNA showed significantly higher values in IV than I~III stage(P=0.000),but there were no differences between stages of disease in CEAmRNA detection(P=0.481).Of 30 patients,one of two makers were detected in 28(93.75%,),both markers were positive in 22(73.33%).Conclusions We concluded that CEAmRNA was more specific and sensitive marker than CK20mRNA in the peripheral blood of gastric and colorectal cancer patients,at the same time CK20mRNA expression levels had relation to different stages of disease but CEAmRNA did not Detection both markers in one blood sample showed no advantage.


A frame component model applied to embedded software of intelligent household appliances is formulated in the paper, through the research of MCU architecture, programming language, household appliances function, and drivers of peripheral equipment. This model implements a method which rules how to design, compartmentalize and encapsulate frame codes segments. This model had been successfully used in an item in 863 Project.


The results of some recent investigations of the role of the jelly around frog eggs in the fertilization process suggest that specific receptor sites are present in the gelatinous capsules which may interact with reciprocal sites on spermatozoa, in the same manner that has been postulated for the gametes of echinoderm species (Shaver and Barch, I960; Shaver, Barch, and Shivers, 1962). Shivers (1961) has demonstrated further that some of the components of the jelly capsules in species of Rana are species-specific, whereas others are shared between two or three species. The latter investigator (unpublished results) has also shown, by means of fluorescent-antibody staining, that the species-specific component (in Rana pipiens) is localized in the outer layers of the jelly capsule, and that components shared in common with another species are located in the innermost layer of the gelatinous envelope. Shivers (1961) showed that, among the antibodies present in an antiserum produced against jelly capsules of Rana pipiens eggs, those complementary to the species-specific component of the jelly inhibit the fertilization reaction most strongly. Thence it could be inferred that the components laid down last, in the posterior portion of the oviduct, and the first to be encountered by the spermatozoa are: those peculiar to the species; and, may be the site of the receptor sites, suggested above, which combine with complementary configurations on the surface of the spermatozoon and insure adhesion of the latter.


Summary

This study provides information on length-weight relationships for 14 marine fish species. Specimens were collected between 2006 and 2010 from the Uruguayan coastal zone (depth < 15 m) in Punta del Diablo, Rocha during a biodiversity monitoring program. This study represents the first reference on length-weight relationships for two endangered Rajidae species and confirms the presence of the Stellifer rastrifer, whose distribution range has been extended southwards recently.


not submitted. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTING: REVERSETIE AND CRITICAL BODY RESIDUES A. McElroy* and B. Brownawell Marine Sciences Research Center, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA The presence of contaminated sediments in urban harbors raises management concerns with regards to dredging and dredge disposal, seafood safety, and the health of aquatic organisms. Elevated levels of a wide range of persistent organic contaminants and a handful of metals have been documented nationwide, yet many of these compounds have limited bioavailability. Determining which chemicals in urban sediments are contributing most to toxic effects will help focus enforcement and source reduction activities. There are a number of approaches for evaluating sediment toxicity. Methods that involve selective removal of contaminants (i.e., ammonia, selected metals, relatively hydrophobic organic contaminants) are typically referred to as toxicity identification evaluation (TIE), and have been most frequently employed in effluent testing. More recently the TIE approach has been extended to evaluate sediment pore water or whole sediments (e.g., mixing of sediment with selective sorbent materials). Pore water TIE tests have fundamental limitations for highly bioaccumulative chemicals such as hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) and mercury. The small solution volumes typically used in static pore water assays severely limit the exposure concentrations of contaminants with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of >103 104. Under these conditions, most of the contaminant in solution is quickly accumulated by the test organisms. Exposure levels may be lowered further by contaminant loss to volatilization or sorption to container surfaces. Whole sediment TIE methods have only recently begun to be developed. In this paper we discuss recent work taking two alternative approaches to sediment toxicity assessment. In the first we used Amberlite resins to isolate easily desorbable HOCs from highly contaminated urban sediment. This material was then amended this material onto reference sediment to assess toxicity using tests with the amphipod Ampelisca abdita. We term this approach "reverse-TIE" as instead of inferring toxicity by selective removal of contaminants as in done in conventional TIE, the actual toxicity of specific fractions can be tested directly. Another advantage of this approach is that material isolated can be chromatographically separated into compound or compound-class specific fractions, and these testing independently. A second approach employing a micro-extraction techniques measuring critical body residues (the body burden of contaminant at 50% mortality, LD50) was also used to assess sediment toxicity. In these experiments, LD50s for Ampelisca exposed to a suite of standard organic toxicants were compared with contaminant body burdens in animals exposed to sediments from US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP) study of the New York/New Jersey Harbor Complex in 1998. The results of this work provide insight on which chemical classes may or may not be causing toxicity observed in standard tests with New York/New Jersey Harbor sediments, and provide promising approaches that compliment more traditional approaches to sediment toxicity evaluation. *Corresponding author: email: email@example.com THE USE OF SEDIMENT TREND ANALYSIS (STA®) IN DREDGED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT


This study discusses on the properties of strength development and durability of recycled aggregate concrete which was classified low quality recycled aggregate with the type 2 and type 3 of KS F 2573 In the experiment, recycled coarse aggregate was substituted for the crushed coarse aggregate at the rate of 0, 50, 100% And, each concrete specimen was made for 40, 50, 60% of w/c ratio As the result, the concrete strength development which was made of recycled aggregate is suitable for KS F 2573, but its durability is lower than that of crushed aggregate concrete On the ground of the experiments in durability of dry weight reduction contents, acid resistance, neutralization, there is remarkable difference by substitution ratio and type of recycled aggregate Therefore, it needs proper verification and consideration to use the recycled aggregate for concrete.


Background: To compare intravenous labetalol with oral nifedipine in terms of rapidity at which they control blood pressure in acute hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.Methods: A randomized controlled study. Pregnant women with severe gestational hypertension with BP ≥160/110 mmHg after ≥20 weeks of gestation were randomized with computer generated numbers, either to receive IV labetalol with an escalating dose of 20, 40, 80, 80 and 80 mg or nifedipine capsule orally in a dose of 10 mg every 15 minutes (upto 5 doses) until a BP of ≤150/100 mmHg is achieved. Crossover treatment was to be effected if initial treatment regimen was unsuccessful. Primary outcome was time taken and number of doses required to achieve the target BP of ≤150/100 mmHg. Secondary outcomes were volume of urine output, maternal heart rate changes, fetal heart rate abnormality, perinatal and maternal outcome and side effects.Results: Oral nifedipine achieved the target BP (≤150/100 mmHg) more rapidly in (26.25±12.60) minutes in comparison to (32.62±12.19) minutes with IV labetalol (p= 0.024). Nifedipine group also took less number of doses to achieve the target BP of (≤150/100 mmHg) mmHg than IV labetalol (1.75±0.840 vs. 2.18±0.83), p= 0.024. Volume of urine output was also significantly more in nifedipine group (94.90±1.84 ml) at 1 hour and thereafter till 24 hour of treatment in comparison to IV labetalol (41.28±2.14 ml), p= 0.000. Side effects are few and not serious. No patient required crossover treatment.Conclusions: Both the drugs are equally effective in controlling acute hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy, however oral nifedipine is more rapid in controlling severe hypertension and also it is associated with significantly increased urine output.


The Impacts of Biomass Burning Activities on Convective Systems in 2" the Maritime Continent 3" 4" Hsiang-He Lee and Chien Wang 5" 6" 1 Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research 7" and Technology, Singapore 8" 2 Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 9" MA, U.S.A. 10" Now at Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National 11" Laboratory, Livermore, CA, U.S.A. 12" Now at Laboratoire d'Aerologie/CNRS/University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France 13"


For the batch production process with bottleneck places, a heuristic scheduling algorithm is presented for time-delay. After a process has been modeled with CTCH net, the algorithm is emulated and a good result is gotten. So the validity of the algorithm is proved.


In traditional approaches to scheduling problems, a single dispatching rule was used by all machines in a system. However, since the situation of each machine generally differs from those of other machines, it is reasonable to apply a different dispatching rule to each machine responding to its given situation. In this regard, we introduce the concept of spatial adaptation and examine its effectiveness by simulation. In the spatial adaptation, each machine in a system selects an appropriate dispatching rule in order to improve productivity while it strives to be in harmony with other machines. This study proposes an adaptive procedure which produces a reliable dispatching rule for each machine beginning with the bottleneck machine. The dispatching rule is composed of several criteria of which priorities are adaptively weighted. The weights are learned for each machine through systematic simulations. The simulations are conducted according to a Taguchi experimental design in order to find appropriate sets of criteria weights in an efficient and robust way in the context of environmental variations. The proposed method was evaluated in an application to a semiconductor wafer fabrication system. The method achieved reliable performance compared to traditional dispatching rules, and the performance quickly approached the peak after learning for only a few bottleneck machines.


Providing Authentication to any system leads to offer additional security to that system. There area unit several authentication techniques area unit on the market, like matter word , Graphical word, etc. However every of this one by one having some limitations and drawbacks. To overcome the drawbacks of antecedently existing authentication technique, a replacement improved authentication technique is employed, This authentication theme is termed as 3D password. The 3D password is multi-password and multi-factor authentication system because it uses a numerous authentication techniques like matter word, Graphical word etc.Most significant a part of 3D password theme is inclusion of 3D virtual setting. 3D virtual setting is virtual setting that is consisting of real time object eventualities. It is not an actual real time surroundings, it's simply computer program provided to theme that appears like same as real surroundings. 3D Password is safer authentication theme than the other authentication techniques. Additionally this theme is difficult to interrupt and simple to use. In this paper we have got introduced our contribution towards 3D password to become safer and additional user friendly to users of all classes. This paper conjointly explaining concerning what is 3D password? ,operating of 3D password theme.


Background. The article presents the results of research into the most commonly used methods of psychological support in the treatment of hypertensive patients, including relaxation and meditation techniques, mindfulness training, music therapy, yoga, aromatherapy and biofeedback techniques. Selected psychological aspects of adherence to the antihypertensive treatment are reviewed. Some notes about personality-oriented counselling and psychotherapy in the treatment of hypertension are raised.
Material and methods. In the search for high quality studies, mainly PubMed and EBSCO databases were used, and the journals of such publishers as Elsevier, Hindawi and the American Psychological Association.
Results. Studies on methods of psychological support in hypertensive treatment are mostly controversial due to the lack of assessment of the long-term effects of the intervention, and the complexity of the subject of the study. The most convincing is to use individually selected methods based on the development of mental self-regulation skills (Jacobson's relaxation technique, meditation, biofeedback therapy and mindfulness training). Music therapy, yoga and aromatherapy can also be helpful for patients involved in antihypertensive treatment. Using methods of psychological help, one should take into account restrictions and contraindications, as well as take some precautions. In order to increase the effectiveness of the antihypertensive therapy, it is proposed to conduct health and educational programmes for hypertensive patients, as well as short training courses on communication skills for health care workers.
Conclusion. Responsible use of individually selected assistive treatment psychological methods can be helpful for people with arterial hypertension.


Today's data centers host wide variety of applications which generate diverse mix of internal data center traffic. In a data center environment 90% of the traffic flows, though they constitute only 10% of the data carried around, are short flows with sizes up to a maximum of 1MB. The rest 10% constitute long flows with sizes in the range of 1MB to 1GB. Throughput matters for the long flows whereas short flows are latency sensitive. Research studies point out that data center internal traffic often exhibit predefined patterns with respect to the traffic flow mix. We show that we could leverage insights into the internal data center traffic composition to achieve better throughput for long flows. We propose a smart ECN adaptation scheme based on Software Defined Networking paradigm, which offers the ability to dynamically adapt the network configuration parameters based on network observations. Prototype based test results demonstrate up to 22% improvement in long flow throughput in comparison to plain vanilla ECN scheme.


Axenic cultures of Thalussiosiru M;eissflogii need nickel when urea is the source of nitrogen for growth, but have no measurable Ni requirement when growing on NH,'. This result is due to the Ni-containing enzyme, urease. which is necessary for urea catabolism in this diatom. In Ni-deficient cultures, where urea is the sole source of N, urease activity is low and growth rate is reduced. In Ni-replete cultures, urease activity is enhanced and the maximum growth rate achieved. Saturated uptake rates of Ni by urea-grown cells are faster than by NH,+-grown cells and are enhanced under Ni-limiting conditions. Ni-limited T. weiss&'ogii cells are also N limited, even with high concentrations of urea in the medium, because they have insufficient urease activity to provide adequate N for growth. In these cultures, maximum growth rates are thus obtained by supplying either Ni or NH,+. These results demonstrate colimitation of T. M;eissflogjii growth by Ni and N under laboratory conditions and provide an archetypal example of a trace metal and macronutrient interaction that may be applicable to other nutrients.


Objective: To evaluate influence of fixed combination of perindopril and amlodipine on chronic heart failure and respiratory function in arterial hypertension and COPD patients. Design and method: 60 patients with AH complicated with CHF, and accompanied with COPD were randomized into 2 equal groups for different antihypertensive treatment. Patients in the 1st group received fixed combination of perindopril and amlodipine (the dose titrated depending on baseline blood pressure). Patients in the 2nd group received enalapril or non-fixed combination of enelapril and amlodipine. Duration of therapy consisted of 6 months. Average age was 55,28 ± 7,81 years. Average AH grade was 2,32 ± 0,87. Mean of CHF functional class was 2,34 + 0,67. Average left ventricle ejection fraction (LV EF) was 57,4 + 6,7%. CHF course during treatment was evaluated by NT-BNP and echo parameters' dynamics. COPD course was evaluated by respiratory function parameters according to spirometry. Grops were equal in age, sex, COPD and AH severety, and comorbidities. Results: Review of CHF clinical signs by SHOKS scale showed that it has decreased by 7,3[-16,1;0,7]% in 1st group and increased by 1,7[-6,1;19,0]% in 2nd group,(p = 0,016). During therapy the average diurnal HR decreased by 77,1 ± 2,3% in 1st group and increased by 1,6 ± 0,04% in 2nd group, (p < 0.001). Maximal morning HR decreased in 1st group by 6,5 ± 2,8% and in 2nd group on 3,2 ± 1,7% (p < 0,001). NT-proBNP in 1st group has decreased by 6,8[-14,2;5,4]% and has increased on 2,3[-0,9;15,8]% in 2nd one (p = 0,005). LV EF changes were not significant during therapy. Parameters of diastolic LV function changed as following: E decreased significantly more in 1st group (p = 0,002). Average E/e' ratio increased in the first group and decreased in the second group (p = 0.016). In both groups there was an increase of FEV1, but in 1st group it was significantly more 9,7 [-5,5;15,7] vs 1,35[-0,1;5,6] (p = 0,047). Also there was increase of FVC more evident in 1st group (p = 0,019). Conclusions: Using of fixed combination of perindopril and amlodipine in AH, complicated with CHF, and COPD patients provides more favorable dynamics in CHF course without respiratory function worsening, compare with non-fixed combinations of enalapril and amlodipine.


The purpose of this study was to explore relationship between bureaucracy and organizational health in elementary schools, according to opinions of elementary school teachers. The population of study was 1380 teachers in 71 elementary schools in Afyonkarahisar that employed 5 or more teachers in 2004-2005 school year. Private schools were excluded from the analysis. The sample was composed of 400 teachers in 40 schools. The stratified sampling has been used to determine the study's sample. * Yrd. Doç. Dr.; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Uşak Eğitim Fakültesi Öğretim Üyesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 16 Determined number of teachers in all schools were randomly selected. In the study 'bureaucratization questionnaire' which developed by Yücel (1999) and 'Organizational Health in Elementary Schools (OHI-E)' which developed by Hoy, Tarter and Kottkamp (1991) have been used for measuring instruments. The number of questionnaires which returns as usable were 340. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, ttest, regression analyses were used to analyze of data. It was found that bureaucracy influenced on organizational health in the study. Furthermore, bureaucracy effects all organizational health dimensions. According to opinions of teachers, bureaucratic schools are healthy schools. Following the rules is the most efficient dimension of bureaucracy on organizational health.


While most of the desirable functions of no-tillage drills and planters can indeed be related back to the desirable functions of their openers, other components and functions are also important. These will be examined in a general sense with no attempt to approve or disapprove design criteria for individual commercial drills or planters. Manufacturers and designers who seriously consider the desirable functions of drills and planters and variations required to achieve these most often will present a range of design options. Consumers must then ascertain for themselves what represents the best value after having weighed the risk, performance and cost factors. For example, drills for pasture renovation might not need to be as sophisticated as those to establish cash crops, because residue handling is seldom a high requirement with pasture establishment and there may be more time flexibility allowable in choosing an appropriate sowing date. This in turn permits a delay in drilling until favourable weather patterns arrive. The target sowing dates for cash crops, on the other hand, are often dictated by a narrow window of climatic opportunity or harvesting and seldom allow the luxury of being able to wait very long for favourable conditions. Cash-cropping drills and planters, therefore, must function to their maximum potential with less dependence on weather and therefore need to be more sophisticated than pasture renovation drills. This chapter considers large field-scale and tractor-drawn machines. The following chapter considers small field-scale and animal-drawn machines. In both cases we consider drill and planter design under several headings:


Car-sharing is becoming an increasingly popular travel mode in China and many companies invest plenty of money on that including vehicle enterprises and Internet companies. But most of them build car-sharing stations by their experience or randomly as long as there is parking space in the early development of their business. This results in many stations with low operational efficiency and causes capital loss. This study aims to use different data source with statistical models and machine learning algorithm to help car-sharing operator to choose the optimal location of new stations and adjust the location of existing stations. We select Chengdu where there are huge amounts of car-sharing travel demand and several large car-sharing operators as the research area and two main operators as the research objects. Chengdu is divided into 58724 squared grids each of which is 0.5km⁎0.5km instead of focusing on the buffers generated by stations. We try to find a model to estimate a potential travel demand value for each small grid with three data sources: order data, population data, and Point of Interest (POI) data. This problem is transformed into a binary form and five different methods, Logistic Regression, Logistic Regression with LASSO, Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, are implemented. The optimal model, Logistic Regression with LASSO, is chosen to estimate the probability of existence of demand in all grids. With car-sharing order data from different operators, an existing order heat value is also computed for each grid. Then we analyze and classify all the grids into four groups. For different groups of grids, we give different suggestions on the optimal location of stations. This study focuses on a more competitive market and finds the influential factors on order number. Suggestions on the optimal location of stations are given in consideration of competitors. We hope that our research can help operators improve their business and make rational plans.


The sternum is comprised of predominately cancellous bone encapsulated by a thin cortical shell. Currently, rigid fixation methods for sternal closure following openheart surgery utilize plates secured with cortical screws. We hypothesize cancellous screws will be superior to cortical screws for sternal fixation due to the sternum's high fraction of cancellous bone. Screw pullout and cyclic loading tests were conducted using both screw types to test this hypothesis. Pullout forces were recorded to observe the maximum holding strength of each screw in the sternum. Bisected porcine samples were used for pullout testing and were subjected to an increasing load of 5mm/min until the screw was torn from the bone. Cyclic fatigue analysis was conducted to better mimic in vivo conditions. Separate samples of bisected porcine sternum were fixed and subjected to cyclic loading of low-magnitude forces in order to simulate breathing. A servohydraulic testing system applied low forces (9-45N, 2-10lbs) at a low frequency (2Hz) for a high number of cycles. Failure was determined as a 2mm distraction between opposing bone faces as measured by an extensometer. The mean pullout force for cancellous screws was determined to be significantly higher (67.2±10.23N) than the pullout force for cortical screws (28.9±11.74N). Successful tests of limited number also indicated superior fatigue resistance for cancellous bone screws when compared to cortical bone screws for cyclic testing. After 25,000 cycles, the cancellous screw/ plate system showed a 1.16mm distraction, whereas the cortical screw/ plate system reached 1.55mm distraction. The results of these tests show promise that under conditions in the body, cancellous screws will perform more efficiently than cortical screws; however further research is needed to confirm trends.


cation technology, and have long-standing problem of improving human health in healthcare systems. The History of Telemedicine provides a comprehensive and in-depth historical view of telemedicine from ancient Greece to the present time. The authors started the task of writing the book with open mind and put aside whatever preconceived notion or information about telemedicine. Bashshur and Shannon really give historical insight to us on telemedicine. It would be a good guide and rationale for the telemedicine. Before authors began to trace and document the history of telemedicine, they reviewed the published literature. They clearly realized the storytelling of telemedicine, because telemedicine has a long and rich history and a story that has not been told, certainly not in its entirety. Two common characteristics were revealed after careful review of the history of telemedicine in the published literature. First, they tend to be very brief, often cursory or selective, sometimes limited to a couple of paragraphs, and are typically included as a prelude to another topic. Second, they are invariably simple accounts of early attempts to connect providers and patients through telecommunication devices available at that time. They wanted to be guided solely by the documented not by any preexisting ideas or notions, and therefore they were to minimize bias in reporting. The journey started with ancient societies and the early attempts to establish rudimentary communication connectivity between settlements when faced with internal or external threats and subsequently to establish clinical connectivity between patient and physician/caregiver/priest. Thus, throughout this book, authors emphasized the continuing underlying theme of connectivity between those in need of care and those who provide it. Authors traced the history of long-distance communication from its humble origins History of Telemedicine: Evolution, Context, and Transformation


The development of scanning CO2 laser systems has enabled rapid and uniform facial resurfacing in photoaged and acne scarred skin. A problem faced by the laser surgeon is making the scanner pattern produced by these lasers fit the cosmetic unit to be resurfaced. This may be achieved by the use of wet gauze to absorb the energy of the unwanted portion of the scanner pattern. The wet gauze is folded to lie along the cosmetic unit boundary and the scanner pattern rotated until it conforms to the required shape.


A case is described of percutaneous coronary angioplasty performed on an oversized right coronary artery (> 7 mm), using the hugging balloon technique. The procedure and the equipment utilized are described.


This study intends to verify from what route the life satisfaction and job satisfaction are affected from the individual phase of the laborers who have responsibilities in the workplace as well as in the family. To accomplish this, this study has intended to set the self-esteem and positive emotion of the individual as the intervening variables and verify what effects the multi-dimensional elements of work-family conflicts have on the self-esteem and positive emotions felt by individuals. To perform this study, questionnaires were sent to the workers in Seoul and capital areas and a total of 150 valid questionnaires were collected and utilized for analysis. The results showed that both work-burden and family-burden affect self-esteem and Received (December 4, 2015), Review Result (December 18, 2015) Accepted (December 28, 2015), Published (April 30, 2016) 1st Author 445-756 Dept. Distribution Management, Jangan Univ. Samchunbungma-Ro, Hwasung-Si, Kyunggi-Do, Korea e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (Corresponding Author) 445-756 Distribution Management, Jangan Univ. Samchunbungma-Ro, Hwasung-Si, Kyunggi-Do, Korea e-mail: email@example.com *이 논문은 (사)인문사회과학기술융합학회 2015년 10월 추계학술대회에서 발표된 논문을 수정/보완한 것임 Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction: Path Analysis using Self-esteem and Positive Emotion Copyright c 2016 HSST 398 work-burden affects negatively positive emotion and the work-family burden positively. And, the role of self-esteem and positive emotions, one of the objectives of this study, although self-esteem also enhances life satisfaction and job satisfaction of the members, positive emotions have much higher effects, and thus securing positive emotions is very important.


Genotyping of nine strains and nine isolates of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA (TBE) isolated from patients in the Irkutsk Region and. the Buryat Republic in 1963-2009 years conducted. The investigations revealed that three TBE virus genotypes are involved in the etiology of the TBE: Ural-Siberian (genotype 3), Far Eastern (genotype 1) and. European (genotype 2). It is found that the TBE virus of Far East and. Ural-Siberian genotypes can cause disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations: acute TBE (focal and. nonlocal forms), chronic TBE (encephalitic form, progressive course.) Prospects of application of molecular genetic techniques for the rapid indication and. identification of the TBE virus in the blood of sick people are shown.