This chapter examines the increasingly fraught press environment of the 1960s and its effect on the CIA, as the Cold War consensus slowly began to unravel. In an effort to garner support, the Central Intelligence Agency began more systematic efforts to provide briefings to members of the press. The New York Times Washington Bureau, first under James Reston and then under Tom Wicker, had a standing arrangement for briefings by the CIA. Once that arrangement ended, the New York Times published an unprecedented series of articles exploring the CIA's activities. In 1967 a radical publication, Ramparts, revealed the agency's decades-long foray into supporting private organizations and student groups to use culture as a weapon in the Cold War. The CIA survived each crisis, but its position continued to deteriorate, and there emerged a growing faction in the press skeptical of the agency and national security arguments against publishing stories.


Objective:Observe the effect of acupuncture on insomnia treatment.Method:To divide 96 patients with insomnia into treatment group(51) and control group(45) based on the order of their arrival.Needling is applied to acupoints like Baihui(GV 20),Sishencong(Ex-HN 1),Shenmen(MA-TF 1),Neiguan,Taixi,Shenmai,Zhaohai(KI 6),Sanyinjiao(SP 6) for the treatment group and Estazolam tablet is taken orally as for the control group.After two weeks,an effect comparison is carried out.Results:the effective rate is 94.1% for the treatment group and 77.7% for the control group.Conclusion:acupunctural administration to the above points is an effective technique in terms of insomnia treatment.


By investigating the case of female Thai migrants selling sexual services in Denmark, I argue that 'the victim' versus 'the empowered subject' is an undesirable binary for analysing how female migrants perform gendered subject positions in their everyday life. The article suggests a poststructuralist feminist perspective, arguing that looks and bodily practices, based on different constellations of gender and sexuality and race and nationality, are important for the research situation. Bringing in two different examples, the article analyses the field relations, and the implied power relations, - between the researcher(s) and the studied subjects that are constituted through gender, sexuality, race and nationality. These relations form the premises for producing material.


The modern experience of diagnostics and treatment of fractures and false joints of navicular bone in athletes is reviewed. It is found that treatment with stable Herbert screw fixation and application of shock wave therapy as well as platelet-rich plasma perfusion reduce duration of fracture irrigation that promotes early rehabilitation and return to training mode.


Sensory acceptability and tissue-specific occurrence of oxidative rancidity was investigated among a commercial sample of frozen-cooked mussels and Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) mussel meats held under a range of frozen storage regimes. P.E.I. mussels stored at - 30°C or - 60°C yielded the most acceptable sensory quality. Sensory and oxidative rancidity status of the commercial product most closely reflected P.E.I. samples held under marginal storage temperatures (- 12°C). Digestive gland tissue demonstrated pronounced morphometric variability and yielded the highest oxidative rancidity values among both commercial and experimental samples. It was concluded that, in addition to marginal storage conditions, tissue-specific morphometric variability, probably resulting from differences in cultivation regions, might influence progression of oxidative rancidity and, hence, sensory quality among frozen-cooked cultivated mussels.


Purpose: to report an unusual case of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and simultaneous ocular hypertension. Methods: case report of a 40 year-old patient, who complained of recently noticed vision loss in the right eye (OD). Results: OD presented with simultaneous ocular hypertension, optic atrophy and total cupping, leading to the suspicion of glaucomatous optic atrophy. Progressive vision loss was later noticed in the left eye (OS), but no fundoscopic findings were detected in sequential examinations. The patient became increasingly anxious and uncooperative, raising the hypothesis of non-organic visual loss in OS. Several visual evoked potentials were needed to prove reduction of P100 wave. Genetic results for LHON were positive for the 11778 G>A mutation. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of LHON in all cases of unexplained optic neuropathy, including cases with normal fundoscopic appearance. It also emphasizes that nonorganic vision loss should always be a diagnosis of exclusion in the context of unexplained vision loss. Concomitant LHON and glaucoma have been rarely described and it is uncertain whether LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations are risk factors for glaucoma. However it is hypothesized that the two diseases may have a cumulative effect on retinal ganglion cell damage with the consequent rapid progression of visual impairment.


As the use of mobile phones grows, spams are becoming increasingly common in mobile communication such as SMS, calling for the research on SMS spam detection. Most of the existing detection techniques for SMS spams are have been mostly adapted from other contexts such as emails and the web but ignored some unique characteristics of SMS in spam detection. Moreover, spammers are constantly developing more sophisticated tactics, rendering previous features and methods for spam detecting no longer effective. In this paper, we propose to incorporate different new content based features to improve the performance of SMS spam detection. The effectiveness of the proposed features is empirically validated using multiple classification methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed features can improve the performance of SMS spam detection.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method and device for measuring a far-end tick unit. The method comprises the steps of obtaining m groups of sample data, wherein each group of sample data comprises packet sending ticks and time of arriving at monitoring points of firstly sent data packets and secondly sent data packets of a far-end device, the m is a positive integer, and the m is greater than 1; calculating to obtain m estimated tick units according to the packet sending ticks and the time of arriving at the monitoring points of the firstly sent data packets and the secondly sent data packets of the far-end device in the m groups of sample data; screening the estimated tick units from the m estimated tick units, wherein the differences between the screened estimated tick units and the average of the m estimated tick units are in a predetermined range; and calculating to obtain the tick unit of the far-end device according to the screened estimated tick units.


Aryl-methoxy acrylate containing derivative as an active ingredient, relates to a preventive and therapeutic pharmaceutical composition for metabolic bone diseases, the composition according to the invention generates and bone resorption activity of osteoclast-present invention relates to an alpha of the formula Good, because the effect of suppressing may be useful in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis. In the above formulas, A is oxygen, sulfur, CH X is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; Y represents N or CH; Z represents O or NH; R Hydrogen or C R


We discuss how to connect the energy levels of two-particle systems trapped by a harmonic-oscillator force to scattering amplitudes, with nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts in uncoupled channels as the application. At the center of the proposed framework is the energy-dependent effective field theory that aims to expand observables in a neighborhood around each reference energy, often taken to be one of the energy levels. We also investigate how to disentangle the trapping force at short distances and the intrinsic interaction between the particles. ∗Electronic address: email@example.com †Electronic address: email@example.com 1 ar X iv :2 10 7. 12 27 3v 2 [ nu cl -t h] 8 O ct 2 02 1


Suitable postharvest treatment methods were investigated to improve the color of grape berries. Culture solutions containing jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and prohydrojasmon (PDJ) enhanced the skin coloration of grape berries ('Pione') harvested at the initial stage of coloration. MeJA vapor treatment under sealed conditions increased anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries ('AkiQueen' and 'Pione') harvested at the early stage of skin coloration. Furthermore, promoting skin coloration by MeJA vapor treatment was as effective in mature clusters as it was in detached berries. These effects were confirmed in light conditions but not in constant darkness. Our results showed that postharvest MeJA vapor treatment improved skin coloration in grapes. In addition, postharvest treatment with MeJA was found to have no effect on the endogenous abscisic acid content of grape berry skins. Therefore, we suggest that MeJA vapor treatment can be a useful and labor-saving method for the horticultural industry.


In the age of the digital economy, the data center is the most crucial piece of infrastructure. The issue of the excessive power consumption of a data center's cooling system needs to be addressed as the national objective of "peak carbon and carbon neutrality" is increasingly promoted. In this study, a microchannel-separated heat pipe-cooling system with evaporative condensation is introduced. The system may switch between three modes of operation in response to changes in outdoor air quality parameters, thereby maximizing the utilization of natural cooling sources while lowering data centers' cooling costs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy-saving potential of the hybrid system through experimental tests. The results show that 114.4% is the ideal liquid-loading rate for the heat pipe system. Under working conditions in Xi'an, the annual operating hours of the three modes accounted for 47.2%, 6.1%, and 46.7%. The hybrid cooling system may save 62.04% of the energy used annually compared to the standard cooling system and the cooling system in the server room thanks to its yearly average COP of 9.43.


This paper summarizes results concerning the capacity of tubular members under combined loading due to external pressure and bending. A nonlinear finite-element technique, outlined in the companion paper is used. Three-dimensional analyses are performed towards an investigation of the effects of localized deformation. To verify the validity of the analytical procedure, computational results are obtained and compared with data from long-column and stub-column tests. Two-dimensional (cross-sectional) calculations furnish accurate estimates of the bending capacity of long, unstiffened tubes. However, three-dimensional effects must be taken into account when dealing with short tubes. Both experiments and computations show that short tubes undergo substantial inelastic deformation prior to buckling at a level of moment higher than the plastic moment. The presence of external pressure reduces the bending capacity and ductility of tubular members. Finally, in agreement with experimental data, the analytical results demonstrate the beneficial effects of capped-end compression on the pressure capacity of stub tubes.


BACKGROUND Studies concerning re-treated leprosy patients are justified by the difficulty in differential diagnosis between a reactional state following the end of a specific treatment for leprosy and its relapse, owing to limitations in clinical and laboratorial criteria to distinguish them. OBJECTIVES To verify diagnostic procedures (clinical and laboratorial) that subsidized relapse treatment and occurrence of reactional episodes, in particular those that occurred after treatment completion. METHODS A hundred fifty-five leprosy patients retreated for relapse in two leprosy reference units in the municipality of Recife/PE, Brazil, in a retrospective case series study. RESULTS Clinical criterion was the most used to decide for re-treatment of relapse, and new described lesions were mainly of macular and infiltrative type. Reactional episodes after discharge occurred in 34% of these patients, and 33.9% related the presence of contacts with hansenasis. Only 14.9% of the 155 studied patients had histological examinations performed, and 18.1% did not have bacilloscopy carried out before re-initiating specific therapy. CONCLUSION This study has shown that post-treatment reactional episodes and presence of contacts with leprosy occurred in about 30% of patients who were re-treated for relapse and that further controlled studies are necessary for a better understanding of these factors.


The content of this project is focused on the development of a process to reuse uncured A350 prepreg scrap obtained in production plants. The main aim is to reduce the current buy to fly ratio, which is the used raw material versus the material that will finally fly and, thus, to achieve clear benefits in terms of environmental aspects. The key properties of the new virgin material obtained after this reusing process have been evaluated in order to assess potential applications in aeronautical or other fields (e.g. automotive, sport, civil works…). Additionally, some aeronautical demonstrators or pilot cases with the reused material and process were produced.
Regarding the key conclusions of this workt up to now: an effective process has been developed to reuse A350 uncured prepreg scrap, mainly mono-ply, based on chopping the prepreg to obtain a new virgin material, which will be used to produce a part by applying a compression molding process. Although the properties of the new raw material show high scatter, some of them stay close or even higher versus the reference (e.g. CAI). To end with, several aeronautical demonstrators with acceptable quality have been produced with the prepreg reuse process developed in this project (e.g. complex brackets, gaskets, manholes…).


Crowdfunding (CF) has experienced impressive growth in recent years with the development of internet and information technologies that increased the participation of the "crowd" to fund entrepreneurial projects. Young entrepreneurs, especially well-qualified students, have recently begun to play a new role in the economy by launching new ventures in niche markets. The aim of the present paper is to provide a deeper understanding of CF among Portuguese young potential entrepreneurs as an alternative funding mechanism, by discussing its main characteristics and the perceived benefits and barriers that might drive young entrepreneurs to post a project on a CF platform or discourage its use. Through an online survey, we query well-qualified students about the knowledge they have about crowdfunding and benefits and barriers that can increase or reduce the possibility of funding to launch a new venture. The results show that potential young entrepreneurs have moderate knowledge about CF. Consequently, they are not able to explore all the business models available, specifically the models related to investment (lending and equity). The respondents perceive several benefits of the use of CF that go beyond the financial advantages, such as the communication of the project to a wider audience and the additional feedback from potential customers. The perceived barriers that could deter the use of CF are related to the implementation of the CF campaign, although contextual constraints have been mentioned.


Figure 1. Location of Florisbad rial was published in 1913 by Robert Broom. He 'regarded the collection as proof of the unequivocal association of extinct mammals with humans (Broom 19 13). Sporadic excavations were conducted at the site during the subsequent two decades. On 25 July 1932 part of a human cranium was discovered in one of the old spring eyes by Professor T.F. Dreyer from the Grey University College in Bloemfontein. In 1952 a new series of excavations were undertaken by Dr A.C. Hoffman, director of the National Museum in Bloemfontein. Material from these excavations underlined the importance of Florisbad. This MiddleNpper Pleistocene site is the type site for the Florisian Land Mammal Age' estimated at greater than 130,000 (possibly in the region of 400,000) to about 10,000 years B.P. (Klein 1984), as the characteristic suite of extinct and extant fauna from this time period was first identified from here and a similar nearby site, Vlakkraal. Since 1980 the site has been administered as a research station by the National Museum. The buildings are maintained as work, accomodation and storage facilities, and various research projects have been undertaken there by Museum staff


Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. By Philip Morgan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1998. xxvi + 703 pp. $49.95 cloth; $21.95 paper. Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740-1790. By Robert Olwell. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998. xvi + 294 pp. $49.95 cloth; $17.95 paper. A Separate Canaan: The Making of an Afro-Moravian World in North Carolina, 1763-1840. By Jon E Sensbach. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1998. xxvi + 342 pp. $45.00 cloth; $17.95 paper.


Besides presenting implications inherent to any illness, female breast cancer is also one of the most feared cancers, affecting not only the anatomic body, but mainly some psychosocial aspects of the patient and, among these, the body image is highlighted. This paper aimed to carry out a systematic review of papers that approached the body image in breast cancer, with the description of the content of the production. To do so, a review was carried out of papers published between 2000 and 2010 on indexed scientific journals, through searches conducted on bibliographic databases SciELO, PubMed, PePSIC and PsycINFO. We have concluded that breast cancer ends up causing the body image of the assisted woman to fall ill, and that the impact of such cancer varies according to the type of surgical procedure chosen, the complementary treatments adopted, the support network that surrounds the patient, and their individual characteristics. The alteration in the body image has multiple implications in the sexual and conjugal life of the woman, affecting the relations with her social circle and with herself, influencing her self-esteem and her sense of femininity, possibly leading to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although advancements have been verified in the study of the relation between body image and breast cancer, this research points to the existence of a fertile field of investigation about the theme, still little explored.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate periodontitis as a risk factor for prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a group of middle-aged men from Northern Ireland.

METHODS
A representative sample of 1400 dentate men had a comprehensive periodontal examination between 2001 and 2003. Prevalent and incident CHD events were validated by independent cardiologists. Logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional relationship between periodontitis and prevalent CHD and Cox's proportional hazards analysis to assess the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis and incident CHD.

RESULTS
The mean age of the men at baseline was 63.7 (SD 3.0) years. Of the 1400 men examined, 126 (9%) had prevalent CHD. After adjusting for confounding variables, men with highest mean CAL(Q4) had an odds ratio of 2.15 (95%CI 1.15-4.02), p=0.02 for prevalent CHD in comparison to men with the lowest CAL(Q1). During a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 137 (10.8%) of the 1274 men free of CHD at baseline had an incident CHD event. After adjusting for confounding variables, the hazard ratio for incident CHD in men in Q4 versus Q1 CAL categories was 1.36 (95%CI 0.81-2.29), p=0.24.

CONCLUSIONS
In this group of dentate men periodontitis was associated with prevalent CHD. However, there was no association with incident CHD.


-1 ), kinetin (KT; 1.0 mg L -1 ), abscisic acid (ABA; 1.0 mg L -1 ), and AgNO3 (2.0 mg L -1 ) was the best bud induction medium, with an adventitious bud regeneration rate of 73.3%, and 1.00 regenerated bud per explant. When using 5–6d-old sterilized cotyledonary nodes as explants, MS supplemented with 6-BA (2.0 mg L -1 ) and AgNO3 (2.0 mg L -1 ) was the best, with an adventitious bud regeneration rate of 90.70% and 4.38 regenerated buds per explant. In this study, cotyledonary nodes were more suitable than cotyledons for the establishment of the in vitro regeneration system in cucumber, and MS containing 6-BA (2.0 mg L -1 ) was the best bud induction medium for cotyledonary nodes, which may have valuable applications for an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol.


In this paper we introduce first operational experiences in the usage of Leica Geosystems HDS 2500 laser scanning system for the determination of surface deformations of several centimeters which can be observed at the lock gates of a hydropower station during the filling and emptying process. For the first time such a multipoint sampling approach allows the visualization of deformations with an accuracy of about one centimeter over the whole area of the gates during different settings of constant liquid levels. The fast data acquisition opportunities of the system also allowed the observation of dynamic deformations during the operation and an animation with a time resolution of 30 seconds was created.


Simulated Annealing (SA) is applied in optimization of slotted tube grain configuration. We propose a CAD based geometry calculation function, to increase calculation accuracy, integrated with internal ballistic model. CAD representation encapsulates all of the geometric entities pertinent to the grain design in a parametric way, allowing manipulation of grain entity (web), performing regression and automating geometrical data calculations. Average thrust is the impetus driver on performance, and so is considered as the core of grain design process. It is demonstrated with a constrained optimization for slotted tube grain using simplified internal ballistics model that maximizes average thrust for minimal deviations from neutrality.


Lassota et al. in Copenhagen found that bevacizumab reduced endothelial proliferation and leakage from choroidal neovascular membranes in a pig model. Yasuo Tano and the EXTEND-I Study Group in Japan documented that ranibizumab is an effective treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients. Murakami et al. in California describe a highly sensitive and specific telemedicine screening system for retinopathy of prematurity. Selmer et al. in Oslo found a novel mutation in autosomal dominant pericentral retinal dystrophy in Norway. Ruiz-Moreno et al. in Spain report a case series where they used photodynamic therapy to successfully treat chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Saito et al. in Japan contribute a case report where they successfully treated retinal hamartoma with macular edema with intravitreal bevacizumab. Glaucoma


Today we live in a society with many choices and possibilities which were absent just a few decades ago. Knowledge is seen as temporary, and many paradoxes are experienced in the flow of information surrounding us. A basic insecurity can be seen as a consequence of this development. This paper re-thinks the consequences at the administrational and organisational levels, when mistrust is institutionalised as the natural and rational mindset instead of trust. Another consequence is a desire to reduce actual risk by attempting to control the future with risk assessment and control procedures, instead of accepting the complexity as something that is. An administrative strategy based upon mistrust and focused on control and management of colleagues seems self-perpetuating and contributes to a form of management cynicism that is neither effective nor professionally stimulating or innovative. The benefit of behaving trustingly can override having to tolerate some insecurity and deviation.


The high or very high voltage DC cable has extruded polymeric insulation made out of a styrene-containing material. The material of the insulation is constituted by a mixture comprising polyethylene, a hydrogenated block copolymer of styrene, and an anti-oxiding agent, with the styrene content by mass being 11% to 18%, and the material is not cross-linked. The cable is suitable for use as a DC power cable.


1. INTRODUCTIONA fundamental property of the set of Dirac Young measures is itsdenseness in the set of all Young measures when the underlying measurespace is nonatomic e.g., see 11, Theorem IV.2.6; 6 . In what would wx.appear to be its most general form, this result was stated for a completelyregular Suslin space of control points 3 . Moreover, a simple observation,wxstemming directly from the proof of the result, states that such densenessof the Dirac Young measures is maintained under a finite number ofcertain integral functional inequalities 3, Corollary 3 . For this reason awxrecent characterization of


The geographic distribution of Ophiambix devaneyi Paterson, 1985 is extended to a new locality withinthe Gulf of Mexico. This species is an extremely rare ophiuroid, not only because of its morphology, which makesit unique, but also because there are only 2 other specimens that have been collected around the world. New habitatinformation of the species is provided.


We have studied the Yb3+ (reversible reaction) Tm3+ nonradiative energy transfer processes responsible for population of the 1G4 thulium level under Yb3+ or Tm3+ selective laser excitation of YLF:Tm3+,Yb3+ crystal. The microparameters and the rates of the energy transfer via cross-relaxation schemes are determined. It is concluded that the process of populating the 1G4 thulium level is greatly affected by up-conversion processes not only from the 3H4 but also from the 3F4 level, proceeding within the static decay model.


Pushover analysis which is also stated as Non-linear static analysis is widely used procedures for the seismic assessment or evaluation of the structures. The pushover model is used to measure the new structure's seismic demand or for current structures. Within this research pushover review is carried out to consider G+10 multi-storeyed building in zones using SAP 2000 software From the results of the study it was discovered that the hinges are established between IO (Immediate Occupancy) and LS (Life Safety) suggesting that the building is secure. The structural model analysed in this state is therefore safe. Therefore, the structural model studied in this State is safe. The effect of interaction of the Soil Structure on the seismic efficiency of the construction is considered and the building is built with and without considering interaction of soilstructure (SSI).The RC building symmetric plan and These buildings are modelled, designed according to IS 456:2000 and evaluated using SAP2000 software under two separate boundary conditions, namely fixed-base, and considering nonlinear dynamic analysis soil-structure relationship. Keywords— Seismic analysis, SAP 2000, Different plan configuration, pushover analysis, Soil structure interaction


Each year 290,000 women die from complications during pregnancy, birth and the neonatal period and, an estimated 10 to 20 million women suffer from related health complications ((WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, WB, 2012). Almost 90% of the maternal deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Much of this is preventable through practices that have long been established. Hygiene and cleanliness are basic concepts in health care. They are included in most health promotion and health worker training programs. Evidence available shows their invaluable contribution to quality health service provision. Maternal mortality has decreased by one-third over the past 20 years (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, WB, 2012) in part related to increase in safe deliveries by skilled personnel, reduced fertility and antenatal care. However, these substantial improvements have not benefited the rich and the poor alike. The burden of mortality and morbidity falls disproportionately on the poor and remains a great challenge in our world. Provision of clean water, sanitation and hygiene has played a major role in achieving this reduction.


Glucan phosphatases (GPs) are a subset of dual‐specificity phosphatases (DSPs) that dephosphorylate plant starch, leading to its efficient degradation. A. thaliana contains three known GPs that have sequence homology to laforin; a GP associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Lafora's disease. The main objective of the study was to deduce what effect specific regions of the protein had on overall GP activity. We used X‐ray crystallography to determine the ligand‐free structure of Starch EXcess 4 (SEX4), the founding member of the plant GPs. Site‐directed mutagenesis and in vitro phosphatases assays measured the importance of certain residues and regions. Our results demonstrate that the carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) in SEX4 and Like Sex Four 1 (LSF1) increases glucan binding. We also demonstrated that residues that have homology to glycosyl hydrolase regions contribute to GP activity, especially in Like Sex Four 2 (LSF), which lacks a CBM. Certain conserved residues found adjacent to the active site, when mutated, led to an overall decrease in activity. Our structure also revealed a conserved c‐terminal residue that is essential for proper folding of the GPs. We conclude that each of these residues contributes to overall activity and differences in these regions between the three plant GPs explain their relative activity in vitro and will provide a basis to determine their unique roles in the cell. Supported by NIH grants R00NS061803, P20RR020171, and R01NS070899, and University of Kentucky College of Medicine startup funds to M.S.G.


The current qualitative study aims at discovering the classroom interactional discourse of an English grammar lesson for students at a preparatory level and its impact on students' oral production of the target language. The ethnographic observation method is employed and a high quality audio-tape recorder is used to gather and analyse the research data. The findings indicate that the "initiation- response- feedback" (IRF) structure is a predominant element during the classroom interactional discourse, and students' poor oral production during the classroom spoken discourse, as revealed by this study, is attributed to the negative impact of this element among other factors such as the type of teachers' questions and students' responses. The study provides some recommendations about the best instructional practices that can be used in the classroom to enhance students' richer oral production of the target language.


Green function theory is used to describe the radiation spectrum of non-thermal quantum plasmas. A general formula is derived from a statistical average of the Poynting vector and a formal analogy with the equilibrium results is established in the case of slowly varying disturbances.


Just as spoken theatre can lead to the development of desirable altered states of consciousness, opera, as a form of music theatre, should be able to do the same. I want to study the potential of opera for inducing desirable ASC in performers and spectators initially by analysing written material, such as opera reviews, blogs and biographies of opera singers


Where reproductive effort subjects the parent to a risk, the benefit of some breeding activity's contribution to present fitness must be weighed against the loss to future fitness. With risk and benefit defined in terms of life-table parameters, a simple model for a long-lived iteroparous organism permits calculation of the quantitative relation between risk and benefit necessary if an increase in reproductive effort is to be selected for. Constraints on the maximal real benefit establish a corresponding risk ceiling which represents that lowest increment to reproductive cost which can not be compensated by any realizable cost-benefit ratio. Application of this model to data for some offshore-feeding seabirds indicates that an increased reproductive effort will be selected for in these organisms only if the fractional amount by which fledging success increases is at least 19 times greater than the fractional amount by which parental survivorship is decreased. The calculated margin of possibly compensable mortality increment is .28 deaths per capita. These rather stringent conditions on reproductive effort help account for some otherwise puzzling features of the reproductive strategy of oceanic seabirds: namely, deferred maturity, delayed resumption of breeding after a failed attempt, and nest desertion and abondonment of courtship and nest building during periods of stress. While the model only considers Darwinian fitness at the level of the individual, the demographic properties selected for in this particular instance may significantly stabilize the population and create a misleading impression of selection for stability and reproductive restraint.


We use the adelic language to show that any homomorphism between Jacobians of modular curves arises from a linear combination of Hecke modular correspondences. The proof is based on a study of the actions of $\mathrm{GL}_2$ and Galois on the \'etale cohomology of the tower of modular curves. We also make this result explicit for Ribet's twisting operators on modular abelian varieties.


The one-step condensation between the Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) chromophore and 1H-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde catalyzed by ZnCl(2) proved to be a facile method to synthesize the red Kaede chromophore and its derivatives (1a-d, 2, and 3 > 70%), among which 1a then demonstrated its potential as a dye in solar cell, with a moderate conversion efficiency (eta) of 3.04%.


Equality of educational opportunity within Minimum Competency Testing (MCT) is analyzed in terms of the distribution of outcomes, availability of remediation, and effectiveness of remediation for blacks and whites. Findings from a sample of participants in one statewide MCT program indicated substantial equality only in resource availability and effectiveness of math remediation. Negative outcomes, mainly in the form of test failures, occurred disproportionately among blacks, and reading remediation appeared to be less effective for blacks than whites. Because resource effectiveness may prove to be a critical test of equity within MCT programs, expanded efforts to bolster reading skills among low-achieving minority students may be needed.


The paper aims to investigate the potential impact of a wearable glasses-type intervention regarding the posture and the productivity of laptop users in a standard working environment. Participants performed reading and typing tasks with a laptop with and without wearing the wearable device to compare the results. Posture markers were placed on the participant's body to measure neck flexion and head tilt. Typing speed was measured in words per minute (WPM). The results of this study indicated that participants' head tilt and neck flexion angles are significantly different during the reading and typing tasks with the intervention as compared to those without the intervention. While the average typing speed with the intervention was slower than without the intervention, some participant's typing speeds and interviews support the notion that the participants' typing speed would have improved if more time was given.


Satellite borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become an indispensable means of earth observation because of its ability of all-weather, all-weather and global observation. However, at present, the space borne SAR still has the characteristics of large volume and high cost. In recent years, the vigorous development of micro satellite field has also promoted the research of small, intelligent and distributed cooperative imaging field of space borne SAR. The traditional spaceborne SAR imaging method is to process the echo of the received LFM signal in the two-dimensional pulse compression domain. Due to the targets in the ocean are usually sparsed, it is an effective method to detect the region of interest and targets by analyzing the echo and transform domain. In this paper, the method of azimuth pulse compression is used to realize the fast perception and imaging of sparse field targets. Through comparative analysis, it can be seen that the method has a greater improvement in resource and time consumption performance compared with the traditional method.


Objective
To study the neuroelectrophysiologic features of different subtypes of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and explore possible value of electromyography (EMG) in GBS classification.

Methods
Fifty-four patients with GBS underwent EMG examination. According to the neuroelectrophysiologic criteria for demyelinating and axonal neuropathy, the patients were classified into primary demyelinating and axonal forms, and the neuroelectrophysiologic features of different types of GBS were compared.

Results
Among 54 patients with GBS, the demyclinating pattern was found in 26 patients (48%) and axonal pattern in 23 patients (43%) , and 5patients were inexcitable. Among the demyelinating group cases, 13 (50%) patients showed decrease of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) , 16 (62%) patients showed delay of distal latency (DL) , 15 (58%) showed block, and 5 (19%) patients showed delayed latency of F wave; 23 (89%) patients showed reduced amplitude of distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) , 11 (42%) patients showed abnormal conduction of sensory nerve. In the axonal group, all patients showed reduced amplitude of distal potential.

Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that electrophysiological examination may help classify patients with GBS into primary demyelinating and primary axonal forms.

Key words:
Polyradiculoneuritis; Electrophysiology; Neural conduction


Rhetoric production is one of the important parts of rhetoric research.Based on this,this paper expounds the business English textual rhetoric production including its material foundation,specific rhetoric behaviors and textual rhetoric production mechanism.And this is helpful to the discussions of business Eng-lish textual rhetoric features,means,strategies and its applications.


Servers that support OPC specifications are part of big distributed control systems of SCADA systems nowadays. The paper describes the design of an OPC Data Access server which has an address space that contains tens of thousands of items. Two scenarios are considered. The first design approach takes into consideration a big number of clients, and in the second approach, the number of concurrent clients is small but quick server response is expected. In both cases it is assumed that all clients are interested in all server items. It is also assumed that item values rarely change. Server response time, processor workload and memory usage are considered.


Damping in miniature resonators is a consequence of many factors, one of which is due to interaction with the substrate to which the resonator is mounted. It is common practice to create a model of the resonator that includes a small segment of the substrate plate with a finite element (FE) software in conjunction with absorbing boundary elements. As an alternative to implementing absorbing boundary elements, semi-analytical methods have been developed in which such elements are replaced by analytical expressions for Lamb waves. This approach requires the specification of a harmonic load and the determination of the subsequent harmonic response at a point on the resonator. The modal frequency and damping can then be estimated from the computation of the frequency response function on a frequency grid. In this paper, the approach is demonstrated for single and double cantilever configurations on a plate in the case of plain strain. The influence of the number of selected Lamb modes, mesh density and the size of the modeled plate segment is investigated through parametric studies. Moreover, it is shown that the semi-analytical results are in good agreement with those from conventional transient finite element simulations.


Protein ubiquitination is a core regulatory principle in neuronal development. In this study, I used brain specific KO mice to investigate the roles of several HECT-type Nedd4 superfamily E3 ligases, i.e. Nedd4-1, Nedd4-2, WWP1, and WWP2, during brain development. I show that Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are required for neuronal axonal growth and branching in the mouse central nervous system. Previously published data indicated that the lipid phosphatase PTEN may be a relevant substrate of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. However, I show that aberrant PTEN ubiquitination is not involved in the impaired axon growth upon deletion of Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2. Rather, PTEN limits Nedd4-1 expression at the translational level by modulating the activity of mTORC1, a protein complex that controls protein synthesis and cell growth. I further show that Nedd4-1 is one of the major targets of PTEN- mTORC1 signaling in the control of neurite growth. In addition, I identify the deubiquitinase Usp9x as a binding partner of WWP1 and WWP2. WWP1 and WWP2 may counteract the function of Usp9x by interacting with Nuak1 and Nuak2, protein kinases that can be deubiquitinated and activated by Usp9x. Moreover, I show that Cdk5, a protein kinase with multiple roles in the nervous system, is ubiquitinated by WWP1 and WWP2 in vivo via a K63-linked polyubiquitin chain. Such ubiquitination of Cdk5 by WWP1 and WWP2 may alter Cdk5 activation or subcellular localization and may thus affect multiple cellular processes during brain development.


The research of cytokine status of children with pyo-infl ammatory diseases of maxillofacial area of varying severity was done. In the blood of children determined the levels of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 by ELISA. The results of the study revealed that the level of concentration of IL-1, IL-6-signifi cantly increased, with the consequent fall and getting closer to the normal on the 5–7th day of the disease. Indicators of IL-4, IL-10 characterized by a sharp fall in 1 day with the onset of the disease and the progressive attainment of normal value on the 3rd day of the disease in children with periostities and 5-, 7-days in the groups with osteomyelities and fl egmons. Particularly noteworthy decrease of the level of proinfl ammatory interleukins of children with osteomyelitis 3-5 days, which is the reason for the immunotherapy in these terms.


Advocates have sought to prove that underdetermination obtains because all theories have empirical equivalents. But algorithms for generating empirical equivalents simply exchange underdetermination for familiar philosophical chestnuts, while the few convincing examples of empirical equivalents will not support the desired sweeping conclusions. Nonetheless, underdetermination does not depend on empirical equivalents: our warrant for current theories is equally undermined by presently unconceived alternatives as well-confirmed merely by the existing evidence, so long as this transient predicament recurs for each theory and body of evidence we consider. The historical record supports the claim that this recurrent, transient underdetermination predicament is our own.


Three unsubstituted cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs), 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane, 1a, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane, 2a, and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane, 3a, undergo exclusive 1,2-addition polymerization at low temperatures, and only poly(CKAs) are obtained. At higher temperatures, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) can be dominant, and polymers with a mixture of ester units and cyclic ketal units are obtained. When the temperature is raised closer to the ceiling temperature (Tc) of the 1,2-addition propagation reaction, 1,2-addition polymerization becomes reversible and ring-opened units are introduced to the polymer. The ceiling temperature of 1,2-addition polymerization varies with the ring size of the CKAs (lowest for 3a, highest for 2a). At temperatures below 138°C, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane, 2a, underwent 1,2-addition polymerization. Insoluble poly(2-methylene-1,3-dioxane) 100% 1,2-addition was obtained. At above 150°C, a soluble polymer was obtained containing a mixture of ring-opened ester units and 1,2-addition cyclic ketal units. 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxolane, 1a, polymerized only by the 1,2-addition route at temperatures below 30°C. At 67–80°C, an insoluble polymer was obtained, which contained mostly 1,2-addition units but small amounts of ester units were detected. At 133°C, a soluble polymer was obtained containing a substantial fraction of ring-opened ester units together with 1,2-addition cyclic ketal units. 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane, 3a, underwent partial ROP even at 20°C to give a soluble polymer containing ring-opened ester units and 1,2-addition cyclic ketal units. At −20°C, 3a gave an insoluble polymer with 1,2-addition units exclusively.

Several catalysts were able to initiate the ROP of 1a, 2a, and 3a, including RuCl2(PPh3)3, BF3, TiCl4, H2SO4, H2SO4 supported on carbon, (CH3)2CHCOOH, and CH3COOH. The initiation by Lewis acids or protonic acids probably occurs through an initial protonation. The propagation step of the ROP proceeds via an SN2 mechanism. The chain transfer and termination rates become faster at high temperatures, and this may be the primary reason for the low molecular weights (Mn ≤ 103) observed for all ring-opening polymers. The effects of temperature, monomer and initiator concentration, water content, and polymerization time on the polymer structure have been investigated during the Ru(PPh3)3Cl2-initiated polymerization of 2a. High monomer concentrations ([M]/[ln]) increase the molecular weight and decreased the amount of ring-opening. Higher initiator concentrations (Ru(PPh3)3Cl2) and longer reaction times increase molecular weight in high temperature reactions. Successful copolymerization of 2a with hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was initiated by BF3OEt2. The copolymer obtained displayed a broad molecular weight distribution; Mn = 6,490, Mw = 15,100, Mz = 44,900. This polymer had about 47 mol % of (Me2SiO) units, 35 mol % of ring-opened units, and 18 mol % 1,2-addition units of 2a. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3655–3671, 1997


INTRODUCTION
The thulium laser was introduced in 2005 for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Enucleation studies from outside North America show comparable efficacy and lower morbidity to transurethral resection of the prostate. A few studies exist describing outcomes of vaporization, the most commonly used technique for urologists. We present our 3-month outcomes of thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (ThuVP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From December 2010 to October 2013, 68 men underwent ThuVP using the 150 W CyberTM(®). Data were collected on demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative measures, complications, serum parameters, maximum flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life (QoL) score, and prostate-specific antigen. Patients were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Nine patients were excluded for known prostate cancer.

RESULTS
The mean age was 66±10 years, with a mean prostate size of 57±30 mL. At baseline, the mean IPSS was 19.9±8.0, QoL score was 4.5±1.1, Qmax was 5.2±4.5 mL/sec, and PVR was 220±397 mL. The mean laser time was 35±18 minutes, and energy used was 234±139 kJ. Forty-seven (78%) patients were discharged the day of surgery. No blood transfusions were administered with a mean drop in hemoglobin of 0.7±0.8 g/dL (p<0.05). There were no Clavien grade≥III complications within 30 days of surgery. Six (10%) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Significant improvements from baseline were seen in Qmax, PVR, IPSS, and QoL score. All 15 patients who were in retention were voiding at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Thulium laser vaporization of the prostate appears to be a safe and effective outpatient technique for the treatment of BPH with durable outcomes at 3 months.


The article identifies the key factors influencing the activity of the socio-economic development of the region. The dynamics of this factor is analyzed. The indicator is investigated for the sufficiency and validity of the application, as well as for the effectiveness and efficiency with the designation of the direction vector, forecast, assessment for the future use of this leverage, to improve the economic situation at the regional level.


High data rate of inter-satellite optical communication systems should be matched by high performance of beam orienting. A novel beam orienting mechanism utilizing no CCD or quadrant detectors is presented. High-precision and extreme-sensitivity beam orienting can be achieved by the application of beam nutating and coherent detecting technologies. Mathematical and computer simulation model of the entire orienting system is developed. The computer simulation results show that high beam orienting precision provided low laser phase noises are maintained. Preliminary experiments have verified the feasibility of using this technology for beam orienting.


Viability theory is the study of dynamical systems that asks what set of initial conditions will generate evolutions that obey the laws of motion of a system and some state constraints, for the length of the evolution. We apply viability theory to Judd's dynamic tax model [The welfare cost of factor taxation in a perfect-foresight model, Journal of Political Economy 95(4), 675–709 (1987)] to identify which economic states today are sustainable under only slightly constrained tax-rate adjustments in the future, when the dynamic budget constraint and the consumers' transversality condition at infinity are satisfied. We call the set of such states the economic viability kernel. In broad terms, knowledge of the viability kernel can tell the planner what economic objectives are achievable and assist in the choice of suitable controls to realize them. We observe that high consumption levels can only be sustained when capital is abundant and, unsurprisingly, that a very high consumption economy lies outside such kernels, at least for annual tax-adjustment levels limited by 20 percentage points. Furthermore, we notice that by and large the sizes of the kernel slices do not diminish as the tax rate rises; hence high-taxation economies are not necessarily more prone to explode, or implode, than their low-taxation counterparts. In fact, higher tax rates are necessary to keep many consumption choices viable, especially when capital approaches the constraint-set boundaries.


OBJECTIVE
Postoperative respiratory complications are serious and frequently observed among patients who undergo thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Paravertebral block (PVB) can provide effective analgesia for relief of postoperative thoracotomy pain and may reduce respiratory complications. However, the impact of PVB on postoperative pain and respiratory function in patients who undergo TAAA repair requiring intraoperative high-dose heparin administration is unknown. This study examined the efficacy of PVB on postoperative pain and respiratory function after TAAA repairs.

DESIGN
Retrospective, observational cohort study.

SETTING
Single center in Japan.

PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-eight consecutive patients who underwent TAAA repair from March 2013 to October 2014.

INTERVENTIONS
Application of thoracic PVB.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS
A total of 56 patients were analyzed. Two patients were excluded because 1 patient was dead within 24 hours after surgery and 1 patient was 9 years old. Patients with PVB were defined as group P (n = 17), and patients without PVB as group C (n = 39). There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. Both postoperative pain at rest and postoperative pain while coughing were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS); the incidence of reintubation and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) also were compared between the 2 groups. The NRS score of postoperative pain at rest was significantly lower in group P (group P: Median 2, interquartile range 1 to 3; group C: Median 6, interquartile range 5 to 7; p = 0.000), and the NRS score of postoperative pain while coughing was significantly lower in group P (group P: Median 5, interquartile range 3.5 to 6.5; group C: Median 8, interquartile range 7 to 10; p = 0.000). Reintubation rate was significantly lower in group P (group P: 0%, group C: 23%, p = 0.045); the incidences of NPPV (group P: 12%, group C: 46%, p = 0.016) and postoperative pneumonia were significantly lower in group P (group P: 0%, group C: 28%, p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS
PVB significantly reduced postoperative pain at rest and while coughing and significantly reduced the reintubation rate, the rate of NPPV use, and postoperative pneumonia without complications. PVB could be a safe and an effective analgesic method that reduces postoperative respiratory exacerbation in patients who undergo TAAA repair.


The use of bonded composite patches to repair or reinforce defective aircraft structures is recognised as a very cost-effective repair procedure for many types of structural problems, such as metallic cracking, repairing corrosion damage and reducing fatigue strain at structural hot spots. However, certification concerns limit the application of bonded repairs to critical components. For certification and management of repairs to critical structure, the "Smart Patch" approach may be a useful approach from the airworthiness perspective in facilitating certification. The "Smart Patch" consists of in-situ sensors used to monitor the structural condition (health or well-being) of the patch system and the status of the remaining damage in the parent structure. Two such in-situ health monitoring systems are being trialed on a composite bonded patch applied to an F/A-18. One system uses a Lithium ion-based battery as the power source, to monitor patch health, based on data measured from conventional strain gauges. The patch health data is up-loaded by the operator using an infrared (IR) link. The other concept, considered a higher-risk approach, had no battery and was powered instead by energy harvested from the environment. It was wirelessly-interrogated and employed piezoelectric elements for both powering and health monitoring functions. In this system the patch health data is up-loaded by the operator using a magnetic transceiver. This paper describes the development, evaluation and implementation of the self-powered system, including issues such as system design, patch health monitoring techniques, system functional testing and system installation. Flight data from the SHM system and lessons learned during the program will also be presented. INTRODUCTION The application of bonded composite patches or doublers to repair or reinforce defective (secondary) metallic structures is becoming recognised as an effective and versatile repair procedure for many types of problems [1]. However, the application of bonded composite repairs to cracked aircraft primary structure is generally acceptable only on the basis that a margin on design limit-load (DLL) capability is retained in the loss (total absence) of the repair [2]. However, assuming that the static requirements and quality assurance processes are satisfied, one approach to certify full credit for the patch in slowing crack growth could be justified by a continuous safety by inspection approach. This approach is based on the Air Vehicles Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, P.O Box 4331, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3001. Email: email@example.com


The study of paleosecular variation (paleo-SV) became a separate branch of paleomagnetism more than 2 decades ago, largely because of studies of cores from lake sediments and of archeomagnetism of baked artifacts. The great prize of these studies and of the allied studies of reversals and observatory records is a description of Earth's magnetic field and an explanation of the workings of the core dynamo. The study of Holocene and Quaternary SV continues to grow vigorously, as witnessed by several papers presented at the International Quaternary (INQUA) conference in Ottawa at the end of July 1987 and the many papers submitted at the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) assembly in Vancouver, Canada, in early August 1987.


A pivot shaft (18), a bending operation knob (4), the fixed shaft (10), and two movable disks (11, 12), and a fixed disk (14), a cam member (15), the resistance and imparting member (17), comprising a locking lever (5), the resistance imparting member (17), the protruding cam member which has moved with the rotation in one direction of the cam member (15) (15) by contact with a biasing force against the inner circumferential surface parts (15 t), swingably rotational position of the cam member (15) in the radial direction to fix the second position of the movable disk (11, 12) It has a swinging part (17t).


The column dead time and the constants of the n-alkane retention time curve in gas-liquid chromatography are calculated by the Wentworth iterative method on series of OV polymethylphenylsilicones with an increasing percentage of phenyl substituent. The values obtained are in good agreement with those calculated by the methods of Grobler and Kaiser and with the experimental ones reported in the literature for stationary phases studied at 120°C and 150°C. The scatter of experimental retention times of n-alkanes and tM and b and c and Kovats retention indices are calculated.


Medium rise commercial and multi-residential buildings (up to eight stories) represent significant markets that the timber industry can potentially penetrate. This is possible with the availability of advanced engineered wood product and 'new generation' composite structures. From the mid 2000's, the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), in partnership with universities and industry key-players in Australia and New Zealand – overseen by Structural Timber Innovation Company (STIC) – has been active in investigating innovative structural systems that utilise timber and provide a competitive alternative to steel and concrete solutions. Timber concrete composite (TCC) solutions have been gaining a lot of attention in Australia and New Zealand over the last few years. To address this emergence, researchers at UTS have focused on identifying and optimising TCC connections and outlining robust design procedure. This paper puts forward design guidelines that comply with Australian codes and give consideration for ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) design requirements. Fabrication provisions are also provided in order to secure a sound and successful implementation of TCC floor solutions. procedure. An outline of the design requirements is listed before the design procedure is detailed. The design steps are logically arranged and address considerations for ultimate (ULS) and serviceability (SLS) limit states. The guidelines also include fabrication provisions and are provided to assist the successful implementation of TCC solutions. Further provisions related to uncertainties are listed before the conclusions. 1.1 SCOPE The EC5 approach has been adopted as the underlying basis for the design procedures presented in this document; modified to comply with current design codes and practices in Australia. It comprises normative parameters for the strength and safety (ultimate limit state) and informative guidelines for appearance, deflection limits and comfort of users (serviceability limit states). Whilst the latter must be defined by designers to meet the specific functional requirements of the floor under consideration, it is recommended that the guidelines in this document should be adopted as a minimum standard for TCC floors. The design procedure capitalises on the results of a comprehensive research program currently in progress at UTS. It includes the latest developments and findings and has evolved from a previous version [10]. At the time of writing, there is still some uncertainty about aspects of long term deflection of TCC floors and the design procedures contained in this document are limited to floors not exceeding 8 m in span, utilising the notched connections prescribed in Table 1, and Figures 5 and 6.


The present invention discloses a production method of a non-fat dry milk for manufacturing cheese, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing powdered dairy product composition; and (2) preparing cheese products.


A postprocessing method to restore motion‐related signal loss and line‐shape deterioration in single‐volume proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) is presented. Each acquisition is corrected by its phase offset and frequency shift, extracted from the residual water signal prior to averaging. Requirements are good gradient selection and selective suppression of CSF in residual water. Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectra (TE = 30 ms) were analyzed using the LCModel program to study gains in metabolite signal and spectral quality in five brain regions. Increases of total N‐acetyl‐aspartate concentrations of up to 5% were observed. The method may be beneficial for clinical examinations of less compliant subjects and for dynamic spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 46:395‐400, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of peptides binding to nanoparticles from phage display peptide libraries. One of the peptides (PEP9) was selected and mutant peptide-displaying phages were produced by alanine scanning mutagenesis. The mutant phages were subjected to binding analysis to nanoparticles. When the proline at residue 4 was substituted by alanine, the binding activity was reduced to of that of wild type PEP9. Substitution of valine at residue 2, serine at residue 3, and isoleucine at residue 5 also decreased the binding to . Based on these observations, we concluded that the three dimensional structure generated by residues 2-5 was the critical factor for the binding between PEP9 and the nanoparticle.


The present invention, each has a plurality of blister units (1) is provided with a protective case (6), blister strip (4) is disposed in the protective case, the blister strip (4) is a protective case ( 6) is coupled to the stationary to, can protective case is opened, also, if appropriate, an external package for containing a blister unit (1) (5, 5a) is provided, a new on the form of the drug pack.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder in children who require special oral health care. ASD Children with uncontrolled body movements, impaired social interaction and intellectual disabilities are commonly treated in the normal dental clinics. The dental professionals in our region did not cover any previous training about this disorder during their studies and they have different experiences dealing with this disability. In this study, we aim to study dentists awareness and experiences in dealing with the ASD children in the south region of Saudi Arabia.


2-Methylene-2H-azirine (3a) was generated by photolysis of azidopropadiene (2a) and characterized by low-temperature 1 H NMR spectra and IR data of the matrix-isolated substance. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/ 6-31+G * //MP2/6-31+G * level are reported for 3a as well as for 3-methyl-2-methylene-2H-azirine (3b) and are in good agreement with the experimental results. This is shown by comparison of computed versus measured IR spectra of the azatriafulvenes 3a and 3b. The contribution of a dipolar canonical structure to the resonance hybrid of 3, which is the first example of a heterocyclic triafulvene, is discussed


Involvement in campus life and learning activities has long been recognized as a powerful contributor to persistence among college students. Much of the research on student involvement has focused on traditional, four‐year college students, frequently comparing the academic and social integration of residential and commuter students. Research on involvement among community college students has not been as plentiful, although an increasing body of literature suggests that academic achievement and related activities are far more important for two‐year students than social involvement, which seems to have little effect on persistence in community college environments. This study seeks to test the impact of various involvement activities on unit completion by "traditional" community college students, i.e., students entering college immediately following high school. Using the recently developed "Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire" (Friedlander, Pace, & Lehman, 1990) to assess students' "quali...


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study to describe the social change at lapindo hot mud victims in Porong, Sidoarjo. Themethod of thisresearch is descriptive qualitative to understand how lapindo hot mud victims make a social change as social subject. To collect the data this research use interview, observation, and documents. The results of this study found that many of lapindo hot mud victims started their life from beginning with built a new social construction as a separated subject from their old social form. Through the reform as a subject, lapindo hot mud victims were capable to build social change within social, economic, and cultural aspects. Keyword : Lapindo Hot Mud, Subject, Social Change


After 20 years of testing a framework for affective user responses to artificial agents and robots, we compiled a full formalization of our findings so to make the agent respond affectively to its user. Silicon Coppélia as we dubbed our system works from the features of the observed other, appraises these in various domains (e.g., ethics and affordances), then compares them to goals and concerns of the agent, to finally reach a response that includes intentions to work with the user as well as a level of being engaged with the user. This ultimately results in an action that adds to or changes the situation both agencies are in. Unlike many other systems, Silicon Coppélia can deal with ambiguous emotions of its user and has ambiguous 'feelings' of its own, which makes its decisions quite human-like. In the current paper, we advance a fuzzy-sets approach and show the inner workings of our system through an elaborate example. We present a number of simulation experiments, one of which showed decision behaviors based on biases when agent goals had low priorities. Silicon Coppélia is open to scrutiny and experimentation by way of an open-source implementation in Ptolemy.


David Lewis criticizes an argument I put forward against mechansim on the grounds that I fail to distinguish between OL, Lucas's ordinary potential arithmetic output, and OML, Lucas's arithmetical output when accused of being some particular machine M; and correspondingly, between OM the ordinary potential arithmetic output of the machine M, and ONM, the arithmetic output of the machine M when accused of being a particular machine N. For any given machine, M, N, O, P, Q, R,... etc., I can in principle (my critics are often very charitable in speaking as though I could in practice, but let me revert to an ideal mind) calculate a Godel sentence for that machine - indeed infinitely many, depending on the Godel numbering scheme adopted. The Godel sentence of a particular machine can, I claim, be seen to be true, if that machine is adequate for Elementary Peano Arithmetic. Hence, if I were accused of being M, I can on that supposition see that the Godel sentence of M is true, since I am capable of Elementary Peano Arithmetic and the machine M is said to be an adequate characterization of me.


In the European Union, the vegetables and fruit sector accounts for 17% of the agricultural production value. This study aims at presenting and analysing the main specific indicators: cultivated areas, average yields per hectare, consumption, imports and exports. The data used in the paper were provided by: The National institute of Statistics, EUROSTAT, FAOSTAT, FAPRI and USDA. The analysis of the vegetables market at European Union level is first of all a quantitative analysis, but it was also necessary to present on the one hand the main weaknesses and strengths, and on the other hand to describe the implications of the community trade policies on the producers in the vegetables sector. During the analysed interval, this sector was under huge pressure due to the economic crisis, which led to the increase in the vegetable farmers' demand for an increased financial support provided to them.


ON 7 TO 8 AUGUST 2009 THE YARRA THEOLOGICAL UNION held an important seminar, sponsored by the Melbourne College of Divinity. It was based on the then recent publication of certainly one of the most important documents in both Christian and Indonesian history, Brill's A History of Christianity in Indonesia. There is no doubt that this is a very significant volume, for the study of Indonesian Christianity, for the understanding of global Christianity, and for the enhancement of Indonesian studies as a whole. It is significant in the first place because it deals with a major "hidden history" in global Christianity. This history of Indonesian Christianity has been largely hidden from the English-speaking world. There are two very clear examples of this. First, in the first edition of the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church? Indonesia is not mentioned at all; indeed, there is only a brief mention of it in the latest edition.3 The dictionary is largely an English language, and indeed a British, view of the world. Second, in the classic 1960s history of the Christian worldwide mission, that is, in Stephen Neill's A History of Christian Missions4, we see why Indonesian Christianity has been a "hidden history". For most of its primary and even secondary sources were either in Malay, Indonesian, local


Optimum parameters of carrying out the process of hydrolysis-extraction of pectincontaining substances with application of an electromagnetic field of the extremely low-frequency range have been established. The pectin obtained in these conditions is characterized by high connecting ability.


As a common technology product in life, display screen has been deeply embedded in various fields, and the display performance is the key indicator to determine the quality of display products. The evaluation of screen flicker is one of the key control parameters to evaluate the optical performance of the screen. As the paper introduced, commonly there are two methods of testing flicker: FMA method and JEITA method. This paper makes a research about the above two evaluation methods in time and frequency domain. Particularly, by using nonlinear regression of the mathematical statistics, this paper deduces the mathematical relationship of the two methods for the evaluating in the normal data field. Also, this paper gives accurate conversion formula and the precision analysis. By using the empirical formula, the complexity of existing test equipment can be simplified, the cost and test time can be saved greatly.


PurposeTo uncover the major government constraints to enactment and implementation of public health-targeted climate change adaptation (CCA) strategies in order to equip public health stakeholders and health advocates with the knowledge resources necessary to more effectively mobilize and support CCA for public health responses at the national level.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods online survey was distributed to the representatives of national public health associations and societies of 82 countries. The survey comprised 15 questions assessing national progress on CCA for public health and the effects of various institutional, economic/financial, technical and sociopolitical barriers on national adaptive capacity.FindingsSurvey responses from 11 countries indicated that national commitments to CCA for public health have increased markedly since prior assessments but significant shortcomings remain. The largest apparent barriers to progress in this domain were poor government coordination, lack of political will and inadequate adaptation finances.Originality/valueThis study is unique in relation to the prior literature on the topic in that it effectively captures an array of country-specific yet cross-cutting adaptation constraints across diverse national contexts. With a deepened understanding of the major determinants of national adaptive capacity, international actors can devise more effective, evidence-informed strategies to support national governments in responding to the health impacts of climate change.


The topic of Shakespeare and China has attracted a great deal of scholarly attention in recent years, resulting in such monographs as Xiaoyang Zhang's Shakespeare in China: A Comparative Study of Two Traditions and Cultures (Newark: University of Delaware Press 1996), Ruru Li's Shashibiya: Staging Shakespeare in China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press 2003), and Murray J. Levith's Shakespeare in China (London: Continuum 2004). Alexander Huang's latest addition, Chinese Shakespeares: Two Centuries of Cultural Exchange, blends historical and metacritical analysis that uses case studies to establish a new critical framework in Shakespeare studies. Huang seeks to move away from what he calls "fidelity-derived discourse about cultural ownership" (p. 18) that judges a local Shakespearean work by its proximity to its source or target culture. Instead, he proposes a locality criticism that "focus[es] on the varied and often paradoxical articulations of Shakespeare and China and the tension between their varied localities, emphasizing the cultural space between Shakespeare and China and sustains a heavily trafficked two-way exchange" (p. 34). As such, he rejects the formulation of "Shakespeare in China" and argues that the margin—the so-called foreign Shakespeares—has become the center. His "Chinas" refers to various ideological positions, geocultural locations, and historical periods; his "Shakespeares refer to not only the works but also the reputation and values associated with William Shakespeare" (p. 40). Consequently, his case studies examine Chinese Shakespeares in the Sinophone world as "a transformative process . . . , as cultural practice . . . , as texts . . . , and as performances" (p. 39).


Abstract Previous cytogenetic analyses in Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 have been basically restricted to C-banding. In the present study, base-specific CMA3 and DAPI fluorochrome staining were used to characterize the constitutive heterochromatin in three Trypoxylon species. The heterochromatin was GC-rich in all the species studied; however, in Trypoxylon nitidum F. Smith, 1856the molecular composition of the heterochromatinwasdifferent among chromosome pairs. Conversely, the euchromatin was AT-rich in the three species. These results suggest high conservatism in the euchromatic regions as opposed to the heterochromatic regions that have a high rate of changes. In this study, we report the karyotype of Trypoxylon rugifrons F. Smith, 1873which has the lowest chromosome number in the genus and other characteristics of the likely ancestral Trypoxylon karyotype.


We measure characteristics of a transmitted WDM signal in an 80 km-long SMF under bi-directionally pumped DRA with incoherent-forward and coherent-backward pumps. The signal shows OSNR of 50.0 dB and RIN less than -140 dB/Hz.


This paper investigates the power loss imbalance in Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) with Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) resulting from the low switching frequency operation and the parameter mismatch. The imbalance might pose a challenge to the cooling system design as well as the reliability of the MMC. To address this problem, a submodule-level power loss balancing control (PLBC) is proposed. Compared with the normal control strategy without the thermal balancing, this method is able to decrease the degree of power loss imbalance among submodules (SMs) to at least half without deteriorating the performance of the converter efficiency and the capacitor voltage ripple. The effectiveness of the proposed control is validated by simulations.


Earnings management. Detenction methods. Earnings management and companies overvaluation. Casi pratici: verifica della relazione fra earnings management e companies overvaluation.


3592Background: GC1118 is a novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody which has a unique binding epitope and superior ligand inhibition potential. It showed promising antitumor activity as a single agent...


Individual countries involved in World War II are being called upon to examine their histories and implement policies or plans that will facilitate the restitution of cultural property looted during the Holocaust. Efforts up to now have had varying degrees of success, depending largely upon the unique circumstances under which a specific piece of art or cultural property was displaced and subsequently found. Domestic property laws, international conventions and museum policies, amongst other considerations, all play a part in the intricate web of cultural property restitution. International diplomacy, rather than strict legal tenets, may provide the strongest means by which to restitute individual pieces of art. It is essential that governments, museums, and private parties acknowledge the problem that looted art poses, recognize that laws for returning it are insufficient, and act responsibly, ethically, and collaboratively to facilitate efforts to restitute Nazi-looted art.


The fundamental efficiency limit of a single bandgap solar cell is about 31% at one sun with a bandgap of about Eg = 1.35 eV (1), determined by the trade-off of maximising current with a smaller bandgap and voltage with a larger bandgap. Multiple bandgaps can be introduced to absorb the broad solar spectrum more efficiently. This can be realised in multi- junction cells, for example, where two or more cells are stacked on top of each other either mechanically or monolithically connected by a tunnel junction. An alternative or complementary (see section 1.4) approach is the quantum well cell (QWC).


When potted plants of cv. St. George infected with grapevine fanleaf virus (GFV) were kept under the temperature conditions of 28/23C (day/night) or 20/17C, the newly developed leaves did not show typical symptoms of GFV such as wide petiole sinus, asymmetrical blade shape and leaf blades assuming the shape of a fan until 50 days after sprouting. The denticulation of the margins of the leaf blades on infected plants also showed almost no difference from those of healthy plants during the 50 days. However, the middle lobe cusps of these leaves on the infected plants were very acute after the above incubation period, and clearly different from those of healthy plants. The symptoms appeared faster under the higher temperature condition of 28/23C than under the lower temperature condition of 20/17C. Sharpening ratios for the cusps of the middle lobes of infected and healthy leaves were compared. Infected plants were indicated by ratios exceeding 2.6 in the 50 days period. On the other hand, healthy plants were indicated by ratios less than 2.6. A sharpening ratio of 2.6 was converted into a value of 42.4 degrees for the angle of the middle lobe cusp of a leaf. Grapevine fanleaf can be rapidly diagnosed in cv. St. George within a period of 50 days after sprouting on the basis of the following criteria. At temperatures of 28/23C, values below 42.4 degrees for the angle of the middle lobe cusps of three successive leaves from the fourth to the sixth in leaf order from the base of a shoot indicate infection with grapevine fanleaf virus. The measurement of this angle is easily made by using a magnifying glass with a V mark of 42.4 degrees, or with the naked eye.


Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation combined with electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus after surgery of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage on prognosis. Methods A total of 120 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into the combined treatment group (50 cases), the hyperbaric oxygenation treatment group (38 cases), and the conventional treatment group (32 cases). Hemorheology was compared in the three groups on the admission day and the 30th day after treatment. Fugy-Meyer (FMA) (motor function integration) and Barthel Index (BI) score were applied for assessment on physical function and ability of daily living (ADL). Results There was a statistically significant difference in hemorheological parameters, FMA, BI score between the combined treatment group and hyperbaric oxygenation treatment group, conventional treatment group (P0.05). Conclusion For patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after surgery, hyperbaric oxygenation combined with electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus can significantly improve the neurological dysfunction, which is a good rehabilitation therapy.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse if and how three different green citizen engagement web tools create the basis for different levels of environmental citizen participation. This is relevant in both an e-governance context and an environmental policy context, as it is normally assumed that ICT as such can be used to strengthen such participation, without looking neither at the special opportunity structure that the applications offer (their affordance) nor the actual use of the applications. Theoretically, the paper departs from Contextual New Medium Theory. This theory focuses on technological practices, and demonstrates how these are created in interplay between technology, policy ideas and actor skills. Empirically, the paper unfolds as a comparative case study of three different green citizen engagement web tools, chosen due to the differences in their affordance. It is then analyzed whether these differences result in differences in environmental participation. It is concluded that while differences in participation are indeed found, these differences seem to hinge at least as much on the activities of skilled actors such as involved civil servants, weband game administrators than on the affordances of the web applications. Keywords—green citizen engagement web tools, participation, affordances, contextual new medium theory, case study


This article recalls the birth of the first electron-positron storage ring AdA, and the construction of the higher energy collider ADONE, where early photon-photon collisions were observed. The events which led the Austrian physicist Bruno Touschek to propose and construct AdA will be recalled, starting with early work on the Wideroe's betatron during World War II, up to the construction of ADONE, and the theoretical contribution to radiative corrections to electron-positron collisions.


Abstract: Incomplete septal cirrhosis is a form of macronodular cirrhosis characterized by fine and incomplete septa, which delimit rudimentary regeneration nodules. Its etiopathogeny is uncertain and is associated with various diseases such as regenerative nodular hyperplasia, idiopathic portal hypertension, and partial non‐cirrhotic nodular transformation, as well as with progression and regression of cirrhosis of any etiology. Few studies are available in the literature describing the clinical and biological characteristics of incomplete septal cirrhosis.


An account is given of the investigation of an accident between a petrol tanker and a car travelling in opposite directions along the A30 Staines bypass. The driver of the tanker reported that the brakes had failed and the vehicle veered right across the central reservation into the on-coming traffic. An indication is given of the accident investigation procedure which included an examination of some dark tyre marks with increasingly clear striations. Examination of the vehicle revealed that when a new road spring had been fitted the previous day, the nuts from the U bolts had been replaced but not tightened. The mechanism by which maximum right lock occurred and the evidence presented by the tyre marks are described.


Similarly to pigs it is also assumed in poultry, that the utilisation of phosphorus depends on the phosphorus supply level. Above a certain supply level increased phosphorus excretions appear as a consequence of increasedendogenous phosphorus excretions. To avoid these regulatory caused phosphorus excretions, the phosphorus utilization of a certain feedstuff should be checked in a - balance trial by blending the feedstuff with a basal diet low in phosphorus. The composition of a semi-purified basal diet is described, which was designed to cover the requirements for metabolisable energy and all other nutrients for Coturnix Quails with the exception of phosphorus. This diet should be used in balance trials to evaluate the phosphorus utilisation in growing poultry.


Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) is an important economic plant grown in Eastern and Southern Thailand. The fruits are popularly known as the "queen of fruits", and are used to produce a popular refreshing juice. The fruit pericarps of mangosteen, a by-product from fruit juice factories, possess an interesting economic value due to its medicinal use and pharmacological properties (Ibrahim et al., 2014). It has been traditionally used for the treatment of topical infections and dysentery, and for wound healing (Chairungsrilerd et al., 1996). It has been reported that G. mangostana pericarp extracts (GPE) possessed potent wound healing, antibacterial, and anti-infl ammatory activities (Cho mnawang et al., 2005; Nganlasom et al., 2008; Gutierrez-Orozco and Failla, 2013). One major group of bioactive compounds present in GPE is the prenylated xanthones, particularly α-mangostin, which has been used as a standard marker for a quality control method for GPE (Nualkaew et al., 2012). Nowadays, GPE has been used in several commercial dietary supplements, cosmetics and herbal medicines (Pothitirat et al., 2009). Moreover, a preparation of GPE has been approved in the Thai national list of essential medicines (2013) for wound healing purposes. The Thai national list of essential medicines has described the preparation of GPE as a solution containing 10% w/v of a (95%) ethanol extract from G. mangostana dried pericarp. However, a standard concentration of the active ingredient in the solution, particularly the α-mangostin content was not established. Thus, the quality of any GPE preparations may vary from batch to batch due to the different contents of α-mangostin. This may affect their effi cacy for treatments. Standardization of α-mangostin content in GPE or GPE preparation should be a good way to guarantee a good therapeutic effi cacy. Extraction is an important process for the preparation of medically useful extracts that contain an optimum level of active constituents. An appropriate extraction method as well as a suitable solvent for extraction is the fi rst requirement for producing an appropriate yield of active constituents in the extracts. There have been some reports on obtaining preparations of GPE that have increased amounts of α-mangostin, for example, an extraction of the pericarps with (95%) ethanol using the Soxhlet apparatus produced the highest yield of an extract (26.60% dry weight) and the highest content of α-mangostin (13.51% w/w of crude extract). This yield was much higher than when other extraction methods were used, such as maceration, percolation, ultrasonic extraction and extraction using a magnetic stirrer, and the use of other extraction solvents (70% and 50% ethanol). Recently, the same research group reported that dichloromethane was the most suitable solvent for extraction of α-mangostin from G. mangostana pericarps, and yielded an -mangostin content of up to 46.2% w/w (Pothitirat et al., 2010). However, the use of dichloromethane, a halogenated hydrocarbon, as a solvent for extraction may be harmful due to its toxicity including the possibility of the onset of dizziness, headache, nausea, irritation or intense burning in the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. There are also reports that dichloromethane can induce pancreatic, liver, biliary passages, breast and brain cancers (Ames et al., 2000). Moreover, dichloromethane is expensive and must be completely removed by evaporation before use. Obviously this results in an increased cost for producing the product. Recent trends in extraction techniques have largely focused on fi nding solutions that could minimize the use of potentially toxic solvents. This must be achieved while also enabling process intensifi cation and a cost-effective production of a high quality extract. We are therefore interested in the preparation of the α-mangostin extracts from G. mangostana pericarps using 'green extraction concepts'. A 'green extraction concept' is based on the design of extraction procedures that can reduce energy consum ption, allows the use of alternative safe solvents and renewable natural products, and ensures a safe and high quality extract (Chemat et al., 2012). The present studies have focused on investigating some topical formulation excipients, inclu ding isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol, mineral oil, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol, as alternative green solvents for extraction of α-mangostin from G. mangostana pericarps using microwave assisted extraction (MAE), a green extraction method. These solvents have similar polarities to dichloromethane, but they are considered to be safer and cheaper. In addition, the obtained extract can be used directly for formulation of GPE preparations without any steps that require solvent evaporation, and have thus, result in a reduced cost of production.


In ancient china more importance was attached to death than to life.Death not only meant the end of an individual but it could also result in complex contradictions in the patriarchal society.That Fan Zhongyan and his mother were buried at the foot of Mount Wan'an was a hard choice which reflects his miserable life,his deep love for his mother,his admiration for the past sages and his complicated philosophy.His burial mirrors this greatman's nobility,the intricate social relationships of his age,and the traditional cultural intension of ancient china.


Objective To assess Multiplex real-time SYBR Green I PCR combining melting temperature assay for rapid screen common macrolides resistance genes in staphylmcocci and investigate the distribution of macrolides resistance genes of staphylococci in that district.Methods Applied a Multiplex real time SYBR Green I PCR system including ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA primer pairs to detect macrolides resistence genes in staphylococci harboring these resistence genes confirmed by sequencing and optimize that PCR system by fluorescent quantitation and melt temperature(Tm) curve assay.Used that optimized screen system to detect 136 staphylococci and compared with electrophoresis,sequencing and phenotype detected result to evaluate that method.Meanwhile,confirming genotype in resistant staphylococci.Results That multiplex real-time SYBR Green I PCR screen system reached 94.8%(129/136) accord with phenotype detection and 100% accord with agarose electrophoresis and sequencing result.ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA were detected in 136 staphylococciand.Positive result occupys 75.7%(103/136).Conclusion Multiplex real-time SYBR Green I PCR combining melting temperature assay can screen rapidly common macrolides resistence genes in staphylococci.The resistance incidence is high in that district and the predominant resistance genes are ermC 56.6%(77/136),msrA 24.2%(33/136) and ermA 12.5%(17/136).


Safety of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is one of the main issues in nuclear industry mainly because of the probability of radionuclides release to the environment. Due to this fact nuclear safety is continuously being improved by vendors to face the growing demands especially after the accident in Fukushima. This accident because of its character (station blackout scenario) resulted in putting more emphasis than ever on passive safety systems in NPPs. Such systems are one of main focus points in presented simulation. One of the ways to improve NPPs' safety and check its robustness is to proceed simulations of different events and find the weakest points inside the system. First thing is to create simulation model of NPP which has to be validated in order to prove reliability of future results. This paper presents simulation run of design basis accident for large PWR reactor based on AP1000. Model was developed using publicly available data only, which means that it should be considered only as "AP1000-like model". MELCOR code which was used in presented calculations is a severe accident code which simulates core melting during the worst possible accidents in NPP. Here it was decided to simulate design basis accident namely small break loss of coolant accident (SB-LOCA) and compare obtained results with those from the safety reports. Main motivation to create such simulation was to increase authors' knowledge about MELCOR behaviour and sensitivity in case of thermal hydraulic response to learn what kind of errors and uncertainty could be expect. Second motivation was to check if Melcor is capable to simulate design basis accident with acceptable results. Finally the obtained results are in relatively good agreement with the expectations and some differences that have appeared do not affect general course of the accident. Shape of transient curves and timing of events are reasonable correct.


A pair of loudspeakers can be used to actively control an incident acoustic wave in a duct, without generating reflections. An algorithm is presented for the adaptation of the digital controller driving the two loudspeakers, which minimises the outputs of two error microphones, one upstream and one downstream of the loudspeaker pair.


Node index is one of the most representative XML indexes and can support regular path expression, but for the long query path expression, especially when the intermediate results are many, the joint operation of the intermediate results is time consuming. The structure of the node index was improved by reducing the number of joint operations for intermediate results. As a result, the query time was decided only by the complication of the path expression but not the length of the path expression. An algorithm was introduced to generate the query results based on the proposed index structure.


To safeguard biodiversity in a changing climate, we require taxonomic information about species turnover and insights into the health of organisms. Environmental DNA approaches are increasingly used for species identification, but cannot provide functional insights. Transcriptomic methods reveal the physiological states of macroorganisms, but are currently species specific and require tissue sampling or animal sacrifice, making community-wide assessments challenging. Here, we test if broad functional information (expression level of the transcribed genes) can be harnessed from environmental RNA (eRNA), which includes extra-organismal RNA from macroorganisms along with whole microorganisms. We exposed Daphnia pulex as well as phytoplankton prey and microorganism colonizers to control (20 °C) and heat stress (28 °C) conditions for seven days. We sequenced eRNA from tank water (after complete removal of Daphnia) as well as RNA from Daphnia tissue, enabling comparisons of extra-organismal and organismal RNA based gene expression profiles. Both RNA types detected similar heat stress responses of Daphnia. Using eRNA, we identified 32 Daphnia genes to be differentially expressed following heat stress. Of these, 17 were also differentially expressed and exhibited similar levels of relative expression in organismal RNA. In addition to the extra-organismal Daphnia response, eRNA detected community-wide heat stress responses consisting of distinct functional profiles and 121 differentially expressed genes across 8 taxa. Our study demonstrates that environmental transcriptomics based on eRNA can non-invasively reveal gene expression responses of macroorganisms following environmental changes, with broad potential implications for the biomonitoring of ecological health across the trophic chain.


Nowadays, the industrial district from Arequipa contains about 40 big, medium and small tanneries. All of them produce about 80 tons of wet blue trimmings per month. Some of them dispose them according to the local regulations. On the other hand the majority of them throws them away in unauthorized places creating an environmental problem. In this context, Curtiembre Austral developed a solution to reutilize that residue in a form of a collagen hydrolyzate. This hydrolyzate, obtained from a alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis produces both a chromium cake and a liquid hydrolyzate which contained dissolved proteins. The research aimed to obtain the optimal method to separate both phases and obtain a hydrolyzate protein with the highest quantity of proteins possible, the lowest quantity of chromium in the minimum time achievable. Two methods were analyzed: filtration with a filter press and decantation with a subsequent filtration with a bag filter. The time needed to process 100L of hydrolyzate was measured on each of the machines mentioned before, also, the characteristics of each hydrolyzate were compared and the feasibility of operation on an industrial level. In conclusion the filter press filtration method was the most effective due to the shorter filtration time, ease of operation, higher yield, chemical properties in terms of nitrogen and higher amount of chromium.


Abstract. On a metric measure space satisfying the doubling property, we establish several optimal characterizations of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces, including a pointwise characterization. Moreover, we discuss their (non)triviality under a Poincaré inequality.