ABSTRACT Little research has been conducted on creative, eminent women across different domains, perceptions of their own creativity, and what drives their creative productivity. This research used qualitative, comparative case study methodology to investigate 15 creative women who were identified as highly innovative across diverse domains. Interviews were conducted and biographical information collected about each eminent woman's work in various fields including: Literature, History, Psychology, Biology, Genomics, Pharmacology, Engineering, Business and Art. The study investigated paths taken and choices made over decades as these women reached high levels of creative achievement and made transformational contributions in their field or domain. Each woman believed she was creative, had strong creative self-efficacy, and explained her drive to create as deriving from love and passion for her chosen work. These creative women actively strived and managed obstacles to serve as agents of positive change, transform or improve their disciplines, and use their creativity to make a positive impact and difference in the world. Their experiences provide insights into the decisions and strategies that enabled them to achieve high levels of innovation, which may help inform and inspire other women in the pursuit of creative productive giftedness.


Cable-stayed bridge is a high-order hyperstatic structure.The size of cable force greatly affects the stress of the structure.The key to determining the rational completion status of cable-stayed bridges is how to control cable force on completion status.As for this problem,and on the basis of comparing the characters of every method of cable force,the principle and steps of using synthesizing rigid cable method and self-adjusting cable method to determine the rational completion cable forces were presented.The examples testify that the conception of the method is distinct,and the calculation is convenient,and that the result meets the requirements.


This paper presents one new algorithm for local community discovery. It employs a new vertex selection strategy which considers not only the boundary structure of candidate local community but also the probability which the investigated vertex will return to the candidate local community. A local random walk is adopted to compute this return probability which does not require the global information. We choose four algorithms for comparison which are the best ones existed by far. For better evaluation, the datasets include not only the computer generated graphs in standard benchmark but also the real-world networks which are classical ones in global community discovery. The experimental results show our algorithm outperforms the other ones on the computer generated graphs. The performance of our algorithm is approximately the same with the algorithm proposed by Luo, Wang and Promislow on real-world networks.


Abstract It has been shown that brain gangliosides are concentrated in microsomal fractions and in synaptic membranes (1–3) and that the increased respiratory responses of cerebral cortex slices to stimulation are inhibited by basic proteins such as histones and protamines and alkylating agents which form covalent linkages in aqueous solutions with carboxylic and other acidic groupings (4, 5). Inhibition of the responses can be restored by polyacidic substances such as ganglioside and phosphatidylserine (4). On the other hand a possible role of ganglioside in release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles was also shown (6). It may be of interest to determine the intracellular distribution of gangliosides in the adrenal medulla as well as the possible effect of protamines, neuraminidase and nitrogen mustard of the adrenal medullary secretion.


We prepared an octa maleimido functionalized POSS, namely octa(maleimido phenyl) silsesquioxane (OMPS)-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites, by using four different types of benzoxazines (BZ-Cy-DDM, BZ-Cy-DDE, BZ-Cy-DDS, and BZ-Cy-Ani). They were synthesized from 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, paraformaldehyde, and aromatic amines (4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone, and aniline) by the Mannich reaction. We used 10 wt.% OMPS in all four polybenzoxazine matrices in order to compare the effect of OMPS on various benzoxazines. They were polymerized through thermal ring-opening polymerization at identical conditions. The thermal properties of the resulting OMPS-reinforced polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of OMPS in the polybenzoxazine and nanostructure of the composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.


Highly insulated envelope or external insulation systems are being applied in recent energy saving buildings to reduce the heat loss through envelope. However, the internal insulation systems which are applied to most apartments have poor performance due to the heat bridges through structures such as slabs. To remove the heat bridge, a sandwich insulation system has been suggested. This paper evaluates the thermal performance in the joint between sandwich insulation concrete panels.


Acknowledgements Introduction: The Question of Whig Resistance Theory Exclusion and the Evolution of Contract Theory in James Tyrrell's Patriarcha non Monarcha 'To Preserve the Original Constitution of Parliaments': Revolution and Preservation in Tyrrell's Whig History Whig Theories and Theorists After 1688: The Case for Resistance Resistance in Tyrrell's Bibliotheca Politica : The People and the Convention John Locke and Whig Theory Notes Bibliography Index


Most extant research on socially deviant tourist behavior is qualitative in nature and lacks empirical investigation due to the topic's sensitivity and data collection difficulties. This research note addresses the methodological and data collection challenges in deviant tourist behavior
 studies and provides a comprehensive mixed-method research design by demonstrating an empirical study of drug tourism among Chinese visitors in Amsterdam. A sequential explanatory design is presented, which includes ethnography and two-staged qualitative interview data gathering and analysis,
 followed by a cross-sectional quantitative survey study. This research note provides methodological contributions to solve the data collection problems in special interest tourism and other sensitive research topics in social science.


In this paper, we study the discrete time Lindley equation governing an infinite size GI/GI/1 queue. In this queuing system, the arrivals and services are independent and identically distributed but they obey a discrete time matrix geometric distribution not necessarily with finite support. Our GI/GI/1 model allows geometric batch arrivals and also treats late, early, and hybrid arrival models in a unified manner. We reduce the problem of finding the steady state probabilities for the Lindley equation to finding the generalized ordered Schur form of a matrix pair (E, A) where the size of these matrices are the sum, not the product, of the orders of individual arrival and service distributions. The approach taken in this paper is purely matrix analytical and we obtain a matrix geometric representation for the related quantities (queue lengths or waiting times) for the discrete time GI/GI/1 queue using this approach.


This guide provides an overview of resources and services available for graduate and doctoral students. searching, library catalog, books and media


Whilst the process of recovery from dependent drug use has been widely studied, most of the research in this area has been carried out from a clinical or psychological perspective. There have been relatively few attempts by sociologists to look in depth at the processes associated with de-addiction. One of the notable exceptions to this is the work of Biernacki and colleagues who have provided a more ethnographic account of the process of recovery as seen from the drug user's own perspective. Based upon a set of semi-structured interviews with 70 recovering addicts, this paper attempts to build upon Biernacki's work by providing a similar analysis of the decision to give up drugs within the Scottish context. The paper argues that the need which many addicts experience to repair a spoiled identity may be central to the recovery process. The influence which rock bottom experiences, 'trigger' events and circumstances, and addicts' perceptions of the future exert upon the decision to stop is also explored. The paper concludes by examining some of the policy implications of the analysis. These include: the need for drug workers to receive training in the area of identity formation and change; the importance of helping addicts to develop alternative, non-drug-related activities; and the fact that, where addicts are not giving up 'for themselves', the effectiveness of drug courts may be considerably reduced.


Safety belt use on a university campus was substantially increased by offering faculty/ staff and students who signed and returned "buckle up" pledge cards the opportunity to win prizes donated by community merchants. The 28,000 pledge cards, committing signers to buckle up for an academic quarter, were distributed during the spring and fall of 1985. One portion of the card was designed to be hung from a vehicle's rearview mirror as a reminder of the pledge to buckle up. The other portion served as a sweepstakes ticket and was deposited in boxes located throughout the campus community. Each quarter, winners were drawn from the returned pledge cards during three consecutive weeks. Although a relatively small proportion of the pledge cards were signed and turned in (i.e., 11.9% during spring and 9.4% during fall), those who signed and returned a pledge card (n = 3117) increased their safety belt use significantly. Across both quarters, faculty/ staff pledgers went from a high pre-pledge belt use level of 32.2% to a post-pledge level of 46.7%, and students increased their belt use from a pre-pledge use of 21.4% to a post-pledge level of 36.6%.


YouTube is a huge video-sharing service with hundreds of millions of users and hundreds of thousands of videos being uploaded every day. Thus, recommendation of YouTube videos to a single user is a challenging problem which cannot be solved by simply reusing the prevailing recommendation methods. The paper presents a specific recommendation algorithm for YouTube which relies on the data retrieved through the YouTube Data API. A cloud-based application integrates the proposed algorithm and offers a web interface to end users. The paper presents a preliminary analysis of the recommendation quality and lists YouTube Data API limitations which influence the design of recommender systems for YouTube videos.


Abstract Underwater docking of an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) provides a means of data transmit and battery recharge to extend the endurance capability of the vehicle. In this paper, we consider a torpedo-shaped under-***actuated vehicle and a funnel-shaped unidirectional docking station. The problem is that the desired heading to approach to the docking station compensating the effect of ocean current is different from the desired heading to be aligned to the direction of the dock entrance. We propose final approaching and guidance scheme in the terminal phase of underwater docking considering the effect of ocean current. A conventional PID controller for path following and a bang-bang controller for the final alignment are adopted. Switching criterion between two controllers is proposed. Simulation was carried out to validate the proposed scheme and results are included.


Peña and Rodríguez (2002) introduced a portmanteau test for time series which turns out to be more powerful than those proposed by Ljung and Box (1986) and Monti (1994), and approximated its distribution by means of a two-parameter gamma random variable. A polynomially adjusted beta approximation is proposed in this paper. This approximant is based on the moments of the statistic, which can be estimated by simulation or determined by symbolic computations or numerical integration. Various types of time series processes such as AR (1) , MA (1) , ARMA (2, 2) are being considered. The proposed approximation turns out to be nearly exact.


The demanding challenge of cellular-based machine type communication (MTC) is to meet emerging requirements of user equipment (UE), which can provide improved coverage and lower power consumption. To this end, an improved coverage UE is needed to estimate frequency error in the low coverage area. In this paper, an improved frequency offset synchronization scheme is proposed for MTC over long term evolution system. To perform the improved frequency offset estimation, the proposed method is based on repetitive nature and frequency hopping of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), which is integrated with weighted least-squares estimation to eliminate the effect of channel fading. This design makes it possible to effectively estimate the residual frequency offset when there is frequency selective fading. It is shown from simulation results that the frequency-hopped PDSCH signal is effectively used to minimize the estimation error for coverage enhancement of MTC UEs in poor channel conditions.


This chapter sketches some possibilities for the development of learning contexts for children and young people with learning differences that may be derived from the influence of Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky. It argues that these pedagogic possibilities should be implemented alongside the development of a curriculum that prepares all young people to participate in a rapidly developing knowledge society.


The hang mechanical frameworks of the hanger-vehicle possess several degree of freedoms.The operator often avoids altering other freedom when operating one of them.According to the mass point kinematics,this thesis analyses the necessity of liner motion produced by the rotation motion.On the former basis,we made an optimization of the mechanical framework by minus the affection of the mechanical frameworks.Through this we can improve the operation performance of the mechanical frameworks of the hanger-vehicle.


Coming out on March 17th via Little Rocket Records (Europe) and State Of Mind Recordings (USA), Burnt, the newest LP from Winnipeg, Canadas ...


Purpose
Focusing on female entrepreneurs operating in a resource-scarce environment, this study aims to draw from the resource-based view to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial competences and firm growth.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional research design. Data was collected from 232 women entrepreneurs operating in Kampala's two biggest markets. The data were analyzed to test the mediation effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between entrepreneurial competences and firm growth; a Sobel test and bootstrap estimation were analytical approaches that were used.

Findings
This paper argues that for female entrepreneurs, the venture growth process is not simply dependent on inimitable resources such as competences, as these are first not readily available to female entrepreneurs and second, only provide a temporary competitive advantage. Rather, venture growth also involves the ability to continuously identify and exploit knowledge resources through an absorptive capacity that may be limited by the sociocultural context within which the female entrepreneur operates in sub-Saharan Africa.

Originality/value
The novelty of this research resides in support for the mediating role of the ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it and apply it to commercial ends. This study shows that female entrepreneurs use externally generated knowledge as a mechanism to grow their firms and this is impacted by the sociocultural context within which they operate. The study further improves the understanding of the resource-based view by suggesting that a black box exists in the relationship between resources and performance. It is shown that the possession of one resource facilitates the acquisition of other resources and proposes that the role of resources continuously unfolds as a firm develops.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: endovascular prosthesis comprises the first expandable member capable of expanding from the first unexpanded state to the second extended state in which it is pressed against the vascular lumen and a retractable sheet member attached to the first expandable member and comprising one longitudinal member connected to the first expandable member, and a plurality of ribs attached to the longitudinal member and comprising a pair of rows of ribs connected to the opposite sides of one longitudinal element. Neighboring in the longitudinal direction, pairs of ribs do not have connecting spacers. On the plane: (i) each rib comprises a proximal rib portion, a distal rib portion and an intermediate rib portion interposed therebetween, and (ii) the distal portion of each rib points towards the first expandable member. According to the second embodiment of the endovascular prosthesis in the plane: (iii) the ratio of the perpendicular distance from the longitudinal axis to the distal end of the rib and 50% of the circumference of the first expandable member in the second expanded state is from about 1:2.5 to about 1:1.5 in the plane. According to the third embodiment of the endovascular prosthesis on the plane: (iii) each rib comprises at least two sub-segments, each of which forms a different angle with the longitudinal axis of the endovascular prosthesis. These prostheses can be removed by a doctor after full or partial deployment. EFFECT: possibility to change the prostheses position for optimal placement. 66 cl, 43 dwg


We present a first emission line analysis of a high resolution X-ray spectrum of the stellar wind of θ 1 Ori C obtained with the High Energy Transmission grating Spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectra are resolved into a large number of emission lines from Hand He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar and Fe ions. The He-like Fe XXV and Li-like Fe XXIV appear quite strong indicating very hot emitting regions. From H/He flux ratios, as well as from Fe He/Li emission measure ratios we deduce temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 6.1×10 7 K. The He-triplets are very sensitive to density as well. At these temperatures the relative strengths of the intercombination and forbidden lines indicate electron densities well above 10 12 cm −3. The lines appear significantly broadened from which we deduce a mean velocity of 770 km s −1 with a spread between 400 and 2000 km s −1. Along with results of the deduced emission measure we conclude that the X-ray emission could originate in dense and hot regions with a characteristic size of less then 4×10 10 cm.


©2019 by the board of trustees of the university of illinois bruce nauman and dan graham are among the pioneers of video art, having started exploring the potential of the medium for performance and installation as early as the late 1960s. The ephemerality of the technically imperfect video image suited those video art ists who were interested in conceptual works, in actions, and in events, which stressed the primacy of idea and process over finished works. Artists working conceptually, such as Nam Jun Paik, Vito Acconci, John Baldessari, Dan Graham, Joan Jonas, and Bruce Nauman, are above all concerned with the live character of video, the directness and simultaneity of recording and reproduction. As this article is intended to show, this specific "presentness" of the socalled live media (television, video, digital, and networked media) played a significant role in tuning the broader cultural context of the 1960s and 1970s toward what Pamela Lee identified as "chrono phobia" or a crisis of time (Lee xii).


Prostate cancer is thought to arise as a result of oxidative stresses and induction of antioxidant electrophile defense (phase 2) enzymes has been proposed as a prostate cancer prevention strategy. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, potently induces surrogate markers of phase 2 enzyme activity in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the temporal effects of sulforaphane and broccoli sprouts on gene expression in prostate cells, we carried out comprehensive transcriptome analysis using cDNA microarrays.


The airless paint sprayer was investigated as an alternative to compressed-gas spray systems. The airless sprayer was adapted to a conventional agricultural spray nozzle system. In addition, modifications to the airless sprayer's on/off switch were made to achieve a more consistent delivery. The equipment was found satisfactory for applying either emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powder herbicides at typical concentrations in water. The addition of a conventional conveyer-belt system completed the steps necessary to make the commercially available airless sprayer a viable alternative to compressed-gas propulsion systems.


In this paper, we propose a project to implement mobile stock real time trade by mobile short message flat. Achieving of system relates to mobile corporation, stock exchange, SIM card making corporation. Network frame of system,trade data flow of system,function dividing of system,trade data security plan of system are mainly discussed.


Test point load test requires relatively small load, its instrument is portable, it can be easily applied to on-site testing,which may pave the way for the development of the fieldstrength of rock mechanics test, widely promoted in engineering construction, has a large space for development. When selecting the uniform rock do the load and saturation points uniaxial compression test respectively, and comparing the analysis of the two trials correlation between the results obtained by the method, the results showed that: point load test as a qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators are needed to meet the requiement of project, but if we put it as a fully quantitative indicators ,which will lead to large errors,and even lead to sweeping errors.


The authors of the study entitled "Can Torque Force during Dental Implant Placement Combined with Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine Be Prediction Factors for Crestal Bone Structure Alterations?" published in issue 2014, 51, 4 of Dental and Medical Problems came to the important conclusion that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine is associated with the success of dental implant treatment. Assessment of bone mineral density of the lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a procedure that may not be possible or rational for most patients demanding dental implant therapy. Thus, indices derived from routine paraclinical examinations may be valuable in the prediction of success of dental implant treatment. Therefore, using panoramic-based radiographic indices as indicators of prediction factors for a successful implant treatment may be helpful. Mandibular cortical width and mandibular inferior cortex erosion have been linked to bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. Hence, panoramic-based radiographic indices may be useful in predicting the treatment outcome of dental implants. However, more studies are needed to support this hypothesis (Dent. Med. Probl. 2015, 52, 2, 249–250).


The paper presents results related to optimal configurations of the stator and rotor slots of a double-cage induction motor. The finite element assisted design and the optimization of the induction motor, based on Altair HyperStudy – Flux co-simulations, are focused on optimization using different algorithms and the decrease of the computation time of the optimization process. Design of Experiments (DOE) investigations are performed to determine the influence and the order of importance of the design variables on the objective functions, which are the efficiency correspondent to the rated state of motor operation and the starting torque.


The effect of internal scattering on the color of dyed fabrics is calculated with the help of a highly simplified model. The predictions agree, at least qualitatively with observation. If an internally scattering fiber is ring-dyed then at lower values of the product of the coefficient of extinction and dye concentration (25–250) it is lighter than a homogenously dyed fiber but at higher values of that product it is darker.


Three methods (bucket, downward and upward surface plate, and water vessel) for measuring dry deposition were used at the three different heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 12.5 m) to estimate the real settling fluxes of mass and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in TERC (Tsukuba), Japan. Ambient air samples were also collected there using a high-volume sampler. Particle size distributions and composition of PAHs were measured by the low pressure cascade impactor (LP-20) at NIES which is located about 5 km south of TERC. Settling velocities were calculated as the settling fluxes divided by corresponding average ambient air concentration. The results showed that small particles dominate atmospheric dry deposition of PAHs and that bucket deposition fluxes and net fluxes decrease with height due to re-suspension and/or vertical distribution of suspended particles etc. The results also indicated that downward fluxes overestimated and net fluxes underestimated the real fluxes for both mass and PAHs. To estimate the real fluxes, we can assume that net flux is the first approximation.


The aim of this work was to develop an extended release tablets containing Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride )THP( for the first time, and to evaluate these tablets according to the official and compendia requirements. DSC thermograms and IR spectroscopy were studied for confirmation of the possible interaction of THP with the investigated excipients. The IR results revealed that there was no evidence of interaction between THP and any of the investigated excipients, The DSC thermograms of physical mixture with Xanthan Gum reflected that a drug-excipient of Xanthan Gum interaction has occurred. The results of release profile revealed that, none of Eudragit RLPO® trials were conforming the required release profile according to USP 38(2015). While on using Carbopol 971P® (2% or 1.5 % Carbopol 971P®) were conforming the required release profile acc). With regard to the mechanism of THP release, it was found that the best fit was achieved by zero order models for F8 and F9. Formulae F8 (containing 2 % Carbopol 971P®) have been chosen for further study of the influence of different conditions of stability and the effect of different packaging materials (30 0C & 400C /75 % RH). Samples were investigated physically and chemically after 15, 60, 120, and 180 days. The results revealed that: the tablets packed in polyvinyl chloride enveloped in aluminum sachet is the most stable one. Also tablets packaged in polyvinyl chloride / polyvinyl dienchloride Aluminum blisters have better stability and lower rate of degradation than those tablets packed in PVC / Aluminum blisters.


Abstract Irradiation of acetonitrile solutions of the bis-crown ether E,E-2,7-bis[2-(6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxabenzocyclopentadecen-2-yl)vinyl]-benzo[1,2-d;3,4-d′]bisthiazole (hereafter, 1) gives efficient E → Z photoisomerization (initial φtrans→cis = 0.48), leading to λexc-dependent quasi-photostationary states composed primarily of E,Z and E,E isomer mixtures. Further irradiation gives [2 + 2]-cycloadducts of 1. In the presence of Ba2+ ions, essentially quantitative formation of 2 : 2 complexes, 12·(Ba2+)2 controls the photochemical outcome. E → Z photoisomerization of the ligand is entirely suppressed and efficient intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition in the complexes leads to cyclobutane dimers of 1 (φCB = 0.26). The reactivity of 1 in the presence of Mg2+ ions for which 1 : 2 complex formation dominates gives both cis–trans photoisomerization and enhanced photocycloaddition.


SiC powder was prepared from crystalline silicon cutting waste mortar in photovoltaic industry by the method of vacuum carbonization.The proportion of Si/C was determined on the basis of test result of components content in waste mortar by physical and chemical methods.After that,the influences of vacuum heat treatment temperature,inorganic carbon source types on the phase and structure of the powder were studied by using XRD and SEM.Particle size distribution was tested by laser particle size instrument.Researches showed that,with the increase of carbonization temperature in the range of 900-1100℃,the reaction of Si and activated carbon gradually progressed,and completely reacted at 1100℃.When the temperature continued to be raised,X-ray diffraction peak intensity gradually increased,and particle size of SiC powder rose.In addition,carbonization reaction with different carbon sources under the same conditions inferred that activated carbon acted better as a carbon source than graphite.


There have been published some reports on the distribution of the parital cells of the stomach. E. H. Berger (1934) has reported on that of man's, Aoki & Matsumoto (1936) on Rattus losea, 0 i (1951) on dogs and Tsukam o to & To on monkeys. Investigation on the distribution of parietal cells has been carried on recently and vigorously by many scientists, because it has a signficant relationship with surgical operation. Namely, Oi has described a theory of the gastrectomy referred to the function of the parietal cells. Moreover, Meissner (1947), Gu is s & St weart (1948), Abe (1951), Ho shiko (1952) and others have studied the distribution of the parietal cells of the various ectomized stomachs on pathologic conditions. We have performed surgical operation of the gastroenterostomy, since then we have observedthe change in number of the parital cells for one year and more. From this observation we obtained some interesting results.


Undercoverage is an important source of nonsampling error (Fay 1989; Kalton 1998), and has been a continuing problem for U.S. government demographic survey programs (Shapiro and Kostanich 1988). In 1996, for example (the most recent year for which data are available), the average undercoverage rate in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) was about 10%, with substantial variation among various race, age and sex subgroups (Kalton 1998). The two general types of survey undercoverage are whole-household and withinhousehold omissions. The former refers to the fact that entire addresses B and everyone who lives at those addresses B can be missed if the address lists used to select a survey sample are incomplete, or if interviewers erroneously record the address as vacant.


. In this article, we investigate four-dimensional gradient shrinking Ricci solitons close to a K¨ahler model. The first theorem could be considered as a rigidity result for the K¨ahler-Ricci soliton structure on S 2 × R 2 (in the sense of Remark 1). Moreover, we show that if the quotient of norm of the self-dual Weyl tensor and scalar curvature is close to that on a K¨ahler metric in a specific sense, then the gradient Ricci soliton must be either half-conformally flat or locally K¨ahler.


This book is a sincere attempt by the authors to give a comprehensive account on the estimation of heavy metals from smokeless tobacco products. This book highlight the about the Smokeless tobacco (SLT) , classification of tobacco products, effects of smokeless tobacco on teeth, oral mucosa , blood pressure and blood lipid profile , respiratory system, pregnancy and risks of mortality due to smokeless tobacco. This book also highlight about the intoduction of heavy metals, heavy metals found in smokeless tobacco products and their toxicity. A comprehensive review of literature has also been included in this book. The present book incorporates methods of estimation of heavy metals from smokeless tobacco products. One of the chapter deals with the technique of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy which has been used for the estimation of heavy metals form smokeless tobacco products which are frequntly used by teenagers. I believe that this book will be helpful for policy-makers for the necessary movement to initiate and implement more strict rules and a coordinated comprehensive strategy for smokeless tobacco control.


Fifty-three Anopheles species identified morphologically were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for species differentiation within the Anopheles gambiae complex, using five primers in the PCR mix. Thirty-three of these were identified as members of An. gambiae complex. Out of this number 31 (93.9%) were identified as An. gambiae s.s while 2 (6.1%) were identified as An. arabiensis. The high numbers of unidentified species 20 (37.7%) show that the non-gambiae species in the environment is relatively high. This work has shown that An. gambiae is the predominant species of malaria vector in the Calabar area of the country.
Key Words: Sibling species, An gambiae complex, polymerase chain reaction
[Mary Slessor Jnl of Medicine Vol.3(1) 2003: 61-64]


Chemical composition of primary aluminum is modified by coutinously casting and rolling process,Correct quenching liquid flow is determined.Droper cooling water flow is elected by test.Tensile strength and elongation of round Al rod are improved.


Seasonal variation in reproductive activity in the male southern minke whales was investigated. The animals were killed and collected during the feeding season (December-March) in the Antarctic Ocean in the eastern part of Area III (35°E-70°E, south of 60°S) and Area IV (70°E-130°E, south of 60°S). Blood samples, testes, epididymides, and vasa deferentia were collected from 62 males, which had testes weighing over 400 g each. Changes in testicular morphology and plasma testosterone, estradiol-17β and LH concentrations measured by enzyme immunoassay were investigated. Reduction of testicular function associated with different capture periods was found in the summer season. From December to March, body length and body weight remained steady, but decreases in testicular weight, epididymal weight, and testicular volume were found in February. During the same period, plasma testosterone concentration also declined. A significant decrease in the number of germ cells continued during the period of feeding season. An increase in area of seminiferous tubule tended to proceed in a number of germ cells. These changes reflected the percentage of spermatozoa in the vasa deferentia; in particular, motile spermatozoa were observed in December. Based on morphological observation, spermatogenesis had also declined. These results indicate regulation of testicular function by testosterone, as in terrestrial mammals. A gradual decrease of testicular function occurred during December-January.


This package provides functions for identification and visualization of potential intramolecular triplex patterns in DNA sequence. The main functionality is to detect the positions of subsequences capable of folding into an intramolecular triplex (H-DNA) in a much larger sequence. The potential H-DNA (triplexes) should be made of as many cannonical nucleotide triplets as possible. The package includes visualization showing the exact base-pairing in 1D, 2D or 3D.


In this paper, we propose an adaptive control approach with fuzzy logic parameter tuning (AFLPT) for the energy management of electric vehicles that are using fuel cell battery hybrid systems. The controller is adaptive to different driving conditions including normal, regenerative, and overload conditions. Specifically, the power flow between the fuel cell (FC) and the Li-ion battery is controlled in real time to maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) at a desirable level while satisfying the FC dynamic constraints. For guaranteeing performance in different driving conditions, the FLPT is integrated with the adaptive controller. Moreover, theoretical properties of the designed controller are analyzed. Simulation and experiment results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for FC-battery hybrid systems in electric vehicles.


The orthogonal cutting tests of veneer, by feeding a knife to the workpiece during the sliding of the knife in the direction parallel to the cutting edge, were performed (Figs. 2, 6-9, and Table 1). Air-dried specimens of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) , which were fixed to the experimental apparatus equipped with a three-dimensional elastic-ring dynamometer, were cut during the feeding of the knife (Figs. 4 and 5) . The components (Fx, FY, and Fz) of the cutting force acting on the axes of X, Y, and Z, as shown in Figs. 2 and 9, and the resultant (R) of their components were measured (Figs. 10-13). Using these results, the effects of the ratio (f) of the sliding velocity ( Vk) to the feeding velocity (VW) and the grain angle (9) of the workpiece, upon the cutting force were clarified. Characteristics of the veneer-cutting method used in this study are discussed, comparing it with the conventional orthogonal cutting of veneer.


In this work we study riemannian metrics on flag manifolds adapted to the symmetries of these homogeneous nonsymmetric spaces(. We first introduce the notion of riemannian Γ-symmetric space when Γ is a general abelian finite group, the symmetric case corresponding to Γ = Z2. We describe and study all the riemannian metrics on SO(2n + 1)/SO(r1) × SO(r2) × SO(r3) × SO(2n + 1 − r1 − r2 − r3) for which the symmetries are isometries. We consider also the lorentzian case and give an example of a lorentzian homogeneous space which is not a symmetric space.


In this manuscript, we present spatial one and two-body correlation measurements performed on a one-dimensional gas of ultra-cold bosons trapped at the surface of a microstructure. Two body correlations are highlighted by measurements of in situ density fluctuations and one-body correlations are probed through measurements of momentum distributions.We observed sub-Poissonian density fluctuations in the regime of weak interactions, thus demonstrating for the first time the regime of quasi-condensate in which the two-body correlation function is dominated by quantum fluctuations. We also observed sub-Poissonian fluctuations regardless of the density in the regime of strong interactions. Our measurement is the first observation of a single one-dimensional gas of bosons in this regime.The magnetic trap that we used is a modulated trap that has the remarkable property of decoupling between transverse and longitudinal confinements. This specificity has enabled us to engineer at will the shape of the longitudinal confinement. In particular, we were able to obtain harmonic and quartic traps.


Police administrators are looking for concrete pathways to fight the phenomenon of (ethnic) prejudice among members of the police force. Surprisingly, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of existing police ethics training programs on prejudice and social dominance orientation. Therefore, we assessed the impact of a 1-day training called the Holocaust, Police, and Human Rights (HPH) program on the attitudes related to ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation of 223 members of the Belgian police. Analyses of three-wave panel data indicate that HPH training reduced ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation. For ethnic prejudice, the reduced effects were maintained after 1 month in the follow-up study. However, the effect of training on prejudice was weaker for police officers who were more often exposed to victims and perpetrators of crime. No lasting effect of HPH training was found for social dominance orientation.


Designed as a composite workpiece housing for a waterproof relay includes a housing cover, referred to as the hard component of a relatively hard plastic with a formed therein, as the soft component (4) designated key of a relatively soft plastic. First, the soft component (4) is prefabricated. in its upper and lower side it has in each case an annular groove (14, 16) in the peripheral region. In these annular grooves (14, 16) engage on the upper and on the lower mold half (22, 24) of an injection mold (20) formed clamping projections (30, 32) one, which pinching the soft component (4) in the mold and fix thereby , Material of a hard component is then injected to form a housing cover into the mold cavity, so that the material of the hard component only with the outer periphery (U) of the soft component (4) comes into contact and these melts somewhat. In this way, a mechanical and chemical connection of the soft component (4) and the hard component is achieved.


DURING recent years there has been considerable interest in the vacuum extractor throughout the world although comparatively few publications on its use have appeared in the medical press in this country. The history of the instrument and the numerous foreign publications on it have been excellently described by Fothergill and Chalmers (1961). Such has been the enthusiasm of some continental obstetricians that they have used the vacuum extractor routinely to shorten the second stage and, in the rather quaint translation of one Portuguese obstetrician's words, as "a kindness to pusillanimous parturien ts". This has not been the aim in the series of cases here reviewed. From the outset the object has been to use the instrument in cases in which it seemed specially valuable : as experience has grown so have the indications widened. No attempt has been made to assemble a large series and this accounts for the comparatively small number of cases in a period of more than two years.


Due to the high axle-loads and high tonnages of railroad traffic, conventional ballasted heavy-haul railway track is subjected to extremely high stresses. This, in turn, leads to deterioration in the track installations quality, as well as the ballast. Thus, the use of high-quality track components is of great importance, in order to minimize track maintenance demand and, in so doing, optimize track availability. Featuring an ideal combination of elastic and plastic properties and providing an optimum load distribution in the track, as well as a reduced sleeper/ballast contact pressure, is the latest generation of under-sleeper pads (USPs) made of an elastomer called Sylomer®. Use of this material leads to a higher ballast quality sustainability, as proven by extensive laboratory and field tests.


Introduction: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and most common cause of disability among adults in US and a major health problem in India. Spasticity emerges in about 90 percent of cases. Stroke patients with persistent distal weakness of ankle dorsiflexors and spastic plantar flexors are often unable to actively dorsiflex the foot during swing phase which is referred to as foot drop. Common peroneal neuropathies are one of the causes of foot drop a condition which is evaluated using electrodiagnostic method. Objectives: Primary objective of this study was to find out the Nerve Conduction Velocity of common peroneal nerve of the affected lower extremity in stroke participants. Secondary objective of this study was to compare the NCV values of common peroneal nerve with the unaffected lower extremity in the same participants. Methods: Thirty participants between the age of 3060 years, with the clinical diagnosis of stroke with 36 month duration. Nerve Conduction Velocity of the Common Peroneal Nerve was studied in participants affected and unaffected lower limbs. Outcome measures used in this study was Distal latency, Motor NCV and CMAP amplitude. After obtaining these values comparison was done between the affected and the unaffected lower limbs. Results: The Study showed that there was statistically significant difference in all the outcome measures. Conclusion:This study showed that the Distal latency were prolonged, Motor NCV and CMAP amplitude were reduced in the affected lower limbs compared to the unaffected lower limbs. Thus this study concluded that the spasticity of ankle plantar flexors and/or weakness of ankle dorsiflexors in stroke individuals could cause electrophysiological changes in the Common Peroneal Nerve.


Using VB program language as the tool,on the basis of the theoretical analysis of planar linkage mechanism,the paper established the mathematical model of the mechanism,wrote the VB codes,and achieved the angular displacement,the angular velocity and the angular acceleration as well as the motion simulation of the mechanism.


We propose the use of maximum-entropy techniques to nest and test the functional form of commonly used yield densities. We demonstrate how common parametric yield models can be nested within a maximum-entropy framework and subsequently tested for using standard hypothesis tests. We include an empirical application that tests the beta distribution against a more general maximum-entropy alternative using county-level corn yield data for the U.S. Corn Belt and find evidence in favor of the alternative generalized maximum-entropy distribution.


This paper uses panel data from the German car industry for the estimation of parameters of a demand equation applying different statistical methodologies and paying special attention to advertising variables. Two important conclusions can be drawn. First, advertising plays an important role in this market but its effectiveness depends on its form and type of message; and second, the marketing policy of a firm has to take into account the size of its cars.


As advances are made in flue-gas clean-up systems, such as electrostatic precipitators, wet and dry desulfurization techniques and deNOX catalysers, the environmental impact of conventional steam turbine power plants fired with pulverized coal can be reduced at great expense in the form of additional capital investment and lowered station efficiency. The clean fuel gas obtainable from various coal-gasification processes, however, can be used to generate electricity with excellent efficiency and low-pollution emissions in low-cost unfired combined-cycle power plants of modular design. These are termed GUD power plants from the German designation "Gas und Dampf" meaning gas and steam. The overall efficiency is appreciably enhanced by closely integrating the gas-production process with the power generating cycle. Such an integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle installation should thus allow China to exploit its vast coal reserves for electrical energy production in both the most economical and environmentally acceptable way.Copyright © 1985 by ASME


The attachment processes of competition tests under switching impulse voltage were studied in this paper. A series of competition tests with rod-rod gap configuration for these studies were carried out. In these competition tests, a high-speed CCD video camera was used to clarify the attachment processes, assisting by current measurement of the grounded rods and the voltage measurement of the discharge gap. The experimental results indicated that the processes can be divided into two stages related to the downward discharge and the upward discharge respectively, both in positive and negative competition tests. However, the scale of the two stages and the discharge process in the two stages are different, and these differences affect the striking probability finally.


HDA(Hierarchical Development Architecture) for Multi-Agent system is proposed for customizing AO methods aimed at practical applications.The paper depicts how to extract meta models from existing AO methods and forms a new AO approach in HDA under the guide of method engineering principles.


In this paper it is shown that dynamics based on a variation of the gravitational constant $G$ with time solves several puzzling and anomalous features observed, for example the rotation curves of galaxies (attributed to as yet undetected Dark matter). It is also pointed out that this provides an explanation for the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer space crafts observed by J.D.Anderson and co-workers.


In a 1996 essay called "A Tongue at Play," Michael Longley recalls the short poems of rhyming couplets included in his first volume of poetry, No Continuing City (1969), as "closed circuits": "They had about them the air of 'end of the road' rather than 'en route,' and enjoyed already the brevity of epitaphs."1 For a poet now renowned for his elegies, the poem as epitaph might not seem an odd place to begin, and indeed, some among Longley's critics have used the two terms interchangeably.2 Yet, explicitly epitaphic verse—poems that thematically consider the epitaph or pay homage to writers of epitaphs, as well as these "epitaphic" couplets—has a dominant presence in Longley's publications before 1970, a presence that gives specific poetic form to an increasingly prevalent concern among established Irish poets about the fractured and isolated state of contemporary Irish poetry. Longley's epitaphic poems are experiments in the silencing and disconnecting capacities of language, expressing most fully Longley's sense of his first collection as a self-reflexive preoccupation "with form . . . exploring its capacities to control and its tendencies to disintegrate" (TAP 112). What Longley describes as a purely formal concern with disintegration, however, resonates more expansively as a meditation on the imperfections and ambitions of Irish poetry as Ireland hovered on the brink of political crisis. Longley's early interest in the epitaph emerged as a response to the aesthetic pressures of Irish national discord, and in particular to the ways in which poetry should—or should not—seek to write across and erase the violence of such fundamental cultural rifts.A theory of the epitaph emerges from Longley's own analyses and


Blizzard conditions occurred in the New York City metropolitan area and portions of adjacent southern New England on 26-27 December 2010 in conjunction with a strong coastal cyclone. Parts of New Jersey received over 80 cm of snow while Long Island and coastal Connecticut observed wind gusts of over 30 ms. The heaviest snow was concentrated along a north-south oriented mesoscale snowband that extended from coastal New Jersey northward through the New York City metropolitan area. This mesoscale snowband, which remained quasi-stationary for approximately 12 h, was associated with strong low and mid-level frontogenetical forcing. In addition to the primary band, 8 secondary bands were observed in the radar imagery which contributed to locally higher snowfall amounts and rates as the bands translated westward across Long Island. Information regarding mesoscale banding will first be discussed in order to compare and contrast this case with others. A summary of the storm's impacts will briefly be presented in order to demonstrate the storm's significance. An overview of the synoptic environment will be discussed using the 0.5o NCEP GFS analyses focusing on dynamics from a quasi-geostrophic perspective. Mesoscale features such as the persistent band over New Jersey will be identified using radar data and surface observations. The forcing behind this mesoscale band will be examined in greater detail using the GFS and 20-km RUC analyses and soundings from the NWS operational Doppler radar at Upton (KOKX), New York with emphasis on frontogenetical processes. In addition, an analysis of the strong wind gusts as they relate to an overnight spike in the low-level winds and convective mixing will also be presented.


High-field magnetization and magnetostriction measurements have been performed for typical metamagnetic itinerant-electron systems and with at 4.2 K in pulsed magnetic fields up to 40 T. The substitution of Al or Ga for Co significantly decreases the critical field of the metamagnetic transition. The magnetovolume coupling constant in the paramagnetic state is nearly constant up to about x = 0.05 and then decreases with increasing x. Moreover, the value of is considerably reduced by the metamagnetic transition. The variation of produced by the change of x or the metamagnetic transition is considered to originate from the change of the spin fluctuation spectrum.


The local climate zone (LCZ) system is a landscape framework defining a universal understanding of urban microclimate and urban environment and is important for the research of urban thermal environment, regional planning and carbon cycle. Currently, most existing approaches are difficult to deal with the features of built‐up area classes which are mainly related to three‐dimensional structures, resulting in poor accuracy of these classes. The convolutional block attention module (CBAM) can get meaningful context to better represent features by re‐weighting the features spatially and channel‐wise. This study proposed a Lightweight‐LCZ‐Network (LLNet) based on CBAM and depthwise separable convolution for LCZ classification from Sentinel‐2 image. The current largest LCZ classification data set So2Sat LCZ42 was employed to train and test the proposed model. Results indicated that the accuracy of the LLNet model achieved overall accuracy (OA) of 71.6% and Kappa coefficient of 0.688, realized an accuracy improvement by about 2%. In LLNet model, 65% of ordinary convolutions were displaced with depthwise separable convolutions, which decreased the amount of model parameters by 2/3 and maintained alike classification accuracy. In addition, the proposed model was applied for LCZ classification of Wuhan and Hefei cities to assess its generalization ability. The OA (Kappa coefficient) of the proposed model is 74.6% (0.72) for Wuhan and 77.5% (0.75) for Hefei, respectively. We concluded that the proposed LLNet model with strong robustness for LCZ classification from Sentinel‐2 data has an effective trade‐off between size and accuracy.


This paper considers the iconography and mythical symbolism of the Temple in Jerusalem both in its original state and in its post-exilic reconstruction, and explores the mythological significance of Jewish sacred art. In the light of this presentation, the author questions the anti-liturgical and iconoclastic approach of certain segments of Protestantism to the sacred space deeming it to be symptomatic of a categorical confusion between 'iconography' and 'idolatry'.


The National College Women Sexual Victimization (NCVS) study attempted to build on and surmount the limitations of existing research on the sexual victimization of college students. In addition to the study of sexual victimization, the study investigated how rape estimates that use the two-stage process of behaviorally specific questions and incident reports compared with estimates drawn from survey responses. The study results were based on a telephone survey of a randomly selected national sample of 4,446 college women in 1996. Twelve types of sexual victimization, from completed rape through stalking and verbal forms of sexual victimization, were studied. Survey responses suggest that many students encounter sexist and harassing comments and that many have a good chance of being stalked or enduring some form of coerced sexual contact. During any given academic year, 2.8% of women will experience a completed or attempted rape. Study results also show that a methodology that uses behaviorally specific screen questions in combination with an incident report yields considerably higher estimates of completed, attempted, and threatened rape than are found using the telephone methodology of NCVS. Most sexual victimization occurred when college women were alone with a man they know, at night, and in the privacy of a residence. Several factors appeared to increase the likelihood of being victimized. (Contains 14 exhibits and 37 endnotes.) (SLD) ENTIRE DOCUMENT. POOR PRINT QUALITY Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


A mathematical model is presented for the dynamical strain-stress response of shape memory wires. This model is based on a free boundary problem for the heat equation which incorporates bistable potentials together with a physical constant, independent of stress or temperature, which accounts for mechanically dissipative processes. An expression in closed form is derived for one of the most important observables, namely the width of the hysteresis loops as a function of the elongation rates. Excellent agreement with experimental results is observed.


The object detection in video streams plays an important role in computer vision applications. The background subtraction, comparing each new frame to a model of the background, is one of the most popular method. However, the static background is practically impossible, and dynamic background makes the perfect object detection difficult. In addition, the problem of static object significantly affects the performance. In the paper, based on the visual background extraction (ViBe) algorithm, we presented a new method to deal with all problems. For the dynamic scene, we presented a new update mechanism to obtain the more robust model in dynamic regions. To address the static object issue, we cancelled the propagation mechanism in ViBe, designed an algorithm to detect region where it is always detected as foreground, and distinguished the static object from ghost with a self-designed measurement, which combined the knowledge of region contrast and edge. We described our method in full details, and compared it with other background subtraction techniques. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art object detection approaches. In addition, it can process 60 frames per second on an Intel i5 3.1 GHz CPU with C++ code.


By oxidation of ƒÀ-keto acids, cyclopropanols, and acyl chromate complexes with tris(2-pyridinecarboxylato)manganese(III) (Mn(pic)3), ƒ¿-keto, ƒÀ-keto, and alkyl radicals are generated respectively, which react with olefinic compounds to afford intermolecular addition products in good yield. On the other hand, the cation radicals can be generated from ƒ¿-stannylalkyl sulfides, ƒ¿-stannylalkyl amine derivatives, and ƒ¿-stannyl carboxylic esters by oxidation with ammonium hexanitratocerate(IV) (CAN). These cation radicals of stannyl compounds readily cleave into carbocation or radical species, which are utilized as reactive intermediates for carbon-carbon bond formation.


The material history of Veronese's painting, Les Pelerins d'Emmaus (1560), is relatively well-documented up to the removal, in 1950, of the 17th century enlargements and modifications implemented by Louis XIV in 1950. On the occasion of the renovation of the Louvre's Salle des Etats, the work's pictorial surface was restored, reversing the effects of the aged varnish and repaints, and restituting its unity of color and luminosity. This restoration was preceded by a scientific study. X-radiography revealed traces of the original stretcher, which has since disappeared, as well as numerous pentimenti. The comparison of these modifications with drawings from that time, probably copies inspired by Veronese's initial designs still underlying the painting, allowed the artist's progress in developing his composition to be traced. Various analyses of the paint layer, glazes, and varnishes have provided details on the materials and techniques used, an understanding of the 17th century enlargements, and the identification of earlier restorations.


Satisfaction (y), the most basic and latest standard in improving services quality, is influenced by five variables, namely tangibles (x1 ), reliability (x2 ), responsibility (x3 ), assurance (x4 ), and emphaty (x5 ). In this study, analyzing the satisfaction of Industrial Engineering students at the Sumbawa University of Technology with the administrative services provided by the administration division of the Faculty of Engineering. The analysis is processed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). From the analysis, we obtained that the variables that can be used to analyze the satisfaction of Industrial Engineering students consist of three variables, namely tangible, reliability, and empathy. Those three variables are simultaneously able to explain the satisfaction variable.


Article History Published Online: 16 Aug 2019 The social and environmental issues and the impact of them on the decision making process have been increasingly given attention to the financial reporting. Over time there are many studies about Social and Environmental accounting that have different views and arguments on the importance to the corporate report. In developed countries, the social and environmental accounting has joined the financial report and annual report; however it is still a new concept to Indian companies. The objective of this study is to assess the understanding of selected people on the social and environmental concept, their implementation on companies in Bangalore. In order to collect data for the research, questionnaire survey will be used as a helpful method. The finding uncovers that although most people understand the importance of social and environmental activities and having corporate social responsibility reports, few of companies is able to quantify the cost and benefits of social and environmental activities as in the financial report.


"One country,two systems" conception of Deng Xiao-ping Theory is one of the most innovative contents. It was bred in 1950s to 1960s."One guiding principle and four contents",which Zhou En-lai made a summary of Mao Ze-dong' Thoughts about the peaceful liberation Taiwan problem,is the direct ideological origins of "One country,two systems" conception. From the third plenary session of the 11th central committee of the CPC when Deng Xiao-ping put forward thoughts concerned about the peaceful liberation Taiwan problem,to May 1984 the second meeting of the sixth National People's Congress to recognize the "one country,two systems" conception,and making it a legally basic national policy. This is a formative stage of the conception. Deng Xiao-ping's "one country,two systems" conception has been further enriched and developed Since June 1984,moreover from theory into law,and into practice.


BiCrO3 doped Na0.5K0.5NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid state synthesis method.The microstructure and electrical properties of prepared ceramics were investigated by XRD,SEM and other techniques.The results show that Na0.5K0.5NbO3 ceramic samples doped with 0.2%~1.0%(mole fraction) BiCrO3 possess a typical ABO3 type perovskite structure.With the doping of 0.4%(mole fraction) BiCrO3,the observed ceramic sample shows the best electrical properties,and its piezoelectric constant d33,electromechanical coupling factor kp,mechanical quality factor Qm,orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature tO-T and Curie temperature tC reach optimum values of 138pC/N,0.32,30,175℃ and 410℃,respectively.


In optical fiber communications, data travels from the transmitter to the receiver, where it is collected and converted from optical pulses into electrical signals. The need for bandwidth has grown significantly in recent years. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), an advanced multiplexing technology that allows multiple signals to be delivered simultaneously at different wavelengths in the same channel, has been developed to meet the demand for higher capacity and faster data rates. There is a decrease in signal quality as a result of the pulse expansion caused by the scattering. During long-distance transportation, scattering should be minimized. In this research, The DWDM link model uses OptiSystem 18. The DWDM design uses 48 channels, 200 GHz channel spacing, and a bit rate of 40 Gbps for each channel The link length used is 240 and 300 km, using SMF (Single Fiber Mode) and DCF (Dispersion Compensation Amplifier). The research was performed with differences in laser power of 0, 3, and 5 dBm. From the results of the analysis carried out, changes in power changes affect the performance of the system using the MRZ (Mach Zander rate) produced by a CW-10 dB laser. The laser power values correspond to the standard Q-factor and BER (Bit Error Rate) values. The highest Q-factor is 23.266 and BER is 4.66232e-0120, while the lowest Q-factor is 14.9477 and BER is 7.89923e-051. Research has shown The more laser power is used, the better the system's performance.


Learning outcomes are one of evaluation parameters for schools to measure students' achievement. This research was conducted on students of SMP Negeri 141 Jakarta. The authors wanted to know the factors determined learning outcomes and focused on emotional intelligence, learning interest, and discipline. The method used the proportionate stratified random sampling technique with 83 respondents, 51.53% from 8 grade and 48.47% from 9 grade. This research was conducted quantitatively with multiple linear regression analysis by testing the hypothesis. The results showed that 78.3% of learning outcomes were influenced by variables of emotional intelligence, learning interest and discipline, while the remaining 21.7 % was influenced by other factors outside of this study such as teacher performance, learning facilities and school culture. Emotional intelligence, learning interest and discipline together have a significant effect on students' learning outcomes of SMP Negeri 141 Jakarta. This means the higher emotional intelligence, learning interest and student discipline, the higher the student's learning outcomes.


I would like to see the day when somebody would be appointed surgeon somewhere who had no hands, for the operative part is the least part of the work.

Harvey Williams Cushing (1869-1939), American neurosurgeon


XR. PRRSIIWTT, ladies and gentlemeii, fellows of the Glasgow Gynzecological and Obstrtrical Society. You have done me the honour of electing me Honorary Presidcnt of the Ggnaecological Society for 190i'-1908. According to the rules of your Society, it is niy duty to deliver before you an address during that time. Of the themes, the choice of which has been left to you, you have selected the subject " Labour in Contracted Pelvis." Thus, I appear before you to-night to speak in a country in which the science of contracted pelvis has been made classic. Your great countryman William Smellie, born in Lanark in 1697, must be considered as the real founder of the science of contracted pelvis. Obstetrics is indchtcd to him for thescicnce of the mechanism of parturition, the first lmowledge of the normal and pathological pelvis, and the measurement of the diagonal conjugate. He takes a firm stand against turning in contracted pel\-is, as thereby the child is too much endangered, and also against the application of forceps above the brim. In order to restrain young practitioners from using the forceps in cases where the head is above the brim, thereby occasioning injuries to the mother, he recommends a short forceps, without pelvic curve, to he used only when the head has entered the pelvis. This view of discarding turning and the application of forceps above the brim is now again being revived by C k m a n obstetricians. Regarding the rejection of the forceps, Smellie found powerful support i n his countryman William Hunter. Indeed, Hunter went, in his views, beyond the siandpoint of Smellie. The rejection of turning and forceps necessarily demanded the search for a substitute at a time when Czesarean section was considered a deadly operation, and symphysiotomy, by reason of its great dangers, was then not even taken into account. Thus came into use the artificial induction of premature labour by Thomas Denman (1788) and craniotomy by William Osbox-n (1'783). These eminent men had great confidence in the natural power of labmir, a view strongly held to-day by all physicians. Owing to Sir .James Young Simpson, to whom w e are indebted for the introduction of chloroform (1847), the long forceps and the crnnioclast, turning in c:ontracted pelvis was rehabilitated. This


The present study was conducted in five districts namely Mymensingh, Ranpur, Pabna, Rajshahi and Chapainwabganj in Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were i) to identify the socio-economic characteristics of Aus rice growers; ii) to estimate profitability and productivity of Binadhan-19 in the study areas; and iii) to find out the major preferences and constraints for the variety cultivation. A total of 200 farmers were randomly selected (40 from each location) to collect the data with a pre-designed questionnaire. The distribution of the farmers by age showed that the mean age for Binadhan-19 cultivated farmers was 43 years. In the study areas among the farmer 86% was educated. Farmers average experience was 20 year and income were Tk. 235066 (USD 2611.84) per year. Per hectare average yield of rice was 1.37 ton. It was estimated that, to produce one kilogram of rice, total cost incurred was Tk. 14 where per kg average selling price of rice was Tk. 17. The average gross return and gross margin of rice cultivation were found Tk. 90679 (USD 1007.54)/ha and Tk. 51290 (USD 559.88)/ha, respectively. Per hectare average net return was Tk. 2459 (USD 27.32) which was found to be highest in Chapainwabganj Tk. 29739 (USD 330.43) and lowest in Rangpur Tk. 12692 (USD 141.02) district. BCR on total cost basis was found 1.37. The highest preference was for neat rice 98% and the highest constrain said by the farmer was crop destroy by animal and bird of paddy for early ripening in Binadhan-19 cultivation.


ting local limitations upon governmental activity; (5) the principle of English law, back of which was a long course of English constitutional development, that the courts would consider an act of Parliament contrary to natural justice or reason void and pass it &dquo;into disuse.&dquo; Articles II and III, entitled respectively, &dquo;The Significance of Political Parties&dquo; (previously published in the Atlantic Monthly, February, 1908), and &dquo;Political parties and Popular Government&dquo; (an address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Indiana University in June, 1911), treat the vital part played by the party in securing popular government. The author's main thesis is that the goverment that runs the government is the party, and that, therefore, to control their government, the people must control their political parties. The fourth article, &dquo;Social Compact and Constitutional Construction&dquo; (previously published in the American Hisorical Review), discusses the changing theories in political philosophy that have laid the foundations for the different theories concerning the nature of the nation. The last article, &dquo;A Written Constitution in Some of Its Historical Aspects&dquo; (published in the Michigan Law Review, and in the Proceedings of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Constitution of Iowa) shows that the American constitutional system took its rise in the theory of compact and of individual right and in the principle that governments should be of law and not of men. It shows how the national government is now doing many things so far in ad-


AIM To study the effect of lacidipine on cardiac myocytes hypertrophy induced by connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and its relationship with ERK1/2. METHODS Neonatal cardiomyocytes were obtained from SpragueDawley (SD) rats. Image analysis system, 3H-leucine incorporation technique, Coomassie Brilliant blue staining and Westernblot were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of lacidipine on cardiac myocytes hypertrophy induced by CTGF and its relationship with ERK1/2. RESULTS① 50ng/L CTGF significantly increased cardiomyocyte surface area [(1812.52±168.73)μm2] in comparison with that in control group [(689.31±96.58)μm2, P0.01)] Lacidipine in the range of 5-50 μmol/L (5, 10, 25 and 50 μmol/L respectively) attenuated the cardiomyocyte surface area in a concentration dependent manner [(1476.52±156.73), (1120.39±149.68), (926.10±101.44) and (739.81±91.55)μm2, P0.01]. ②Compared with that in control group [(950.26±89.43)cpm/well)], the 3Hleucine incorporation rate was markedly increased by 50 ng/L CTGF [(2368.72±122.45)cpm/well, P0.01]. Lacidipine in the range of 5-50 μmol/L attenuated the 3Hleucine incorporation rate in a concentration dependent manner[(2023.12±106.15), (1629.15±103.46), (1302.19±98.53) and (1055.72±90.96)cpm/well, P0.01]. ③The cardiomyocyte protein content in 50 ng/L CTGF group [(1692±0203)ng/cell] was significantly higher than that in control group [(0.622±0.068)ng/cell, P0.01]. Lacidipine in the range of 5-50 μmol/L attenuated the cardiomyocyte protein content in a concentration dependent manner [(1.269±0.167, 0.923±0.119), (0.766±0.085) and (0.682±0.063)ng/cell, P0.01]. ④The protein level of pERK1/2 was markedly increased by 50 ng/L CTGF than that in control group. Lacidipine in the range of 5-50 μmol/L attenuated the protein level of pERK1/2 in a concentration dependent manner compared with that of the control group. But thers is no significant distinction among the different lacidipine intervention groups. CONCLUSION Lacidipine can inhibit cardiac myocytes hypertrophy induced by CTGF and the mechanism of this effect may be related to the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.


This research aims to describe Mukena home industry training management ranging from planning, implementation, and results. As well as what are the supporting and inhibiting factors of home industry training itself. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data is collected with participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data is analyzed using data collection techniques, data reduction, and data display. These techniques are used to search for data in community empowerment research through mukena Fathiya's home industry training activities in increasing family economic income. The study results include 1) Planning, which includes schedule determination, tutor determination, place and time determination, participant recruitment, training, and practice materials, as well as materials for practice, and sewing tools.  2) Implementation includes: Participant participation, local community participation, and practice directly after they understand the theory.  3) Training results include knowledge, skills, and also increased income.  4) Inhibition factors includes time and cost, training methods, and techniques. The supporting factors include facilities, trainers/tutors, trainees, and practice materials


By UV mutagenesis,the Z01,Z09,Z18 and Z19 strains were obtained,rooted from the Beauveria bassiana BC6 strain which being a natural strain and representing a preferably characters.The spore outputs and oth-ers characters of mutant strains were stabilized and spore outputs were significantly higher than parents BC6 strain during the subculture,so that there were no phenomena of revert to parent.The Z19 and Z09 strains showed higher pathogenicity than BC6 during bioassay.Especially,the accumulated corrective mortality of mutant strain Z19 were significantly higher more 10% than the controlled BC6 strain.


It has been shown that transition-based methods can be used for syntactic word ordering and tree linearization, achieving significantly faster speed compared with traditional best-first methods. State-of-the-art transitionbased models give competitive results on abstract word ordering and unlabeled tree linearization, but significantly worse results on labeled tree linearization. We demonstrate that the main cause for the performance bottleneck is the sparsity of SHIFT transition actions rather than heavy pruning. To address this issue, we propose a modification to the standard transition-based feature structure, which reduces feature sparsity and allows lookahead features at a small cost to decoding efficiency. Our model gives the best reported accuracies on all benchmarks, yet still being over 30 times faster compared with best-first-search.


BACKGROUND:  The utilization of cryopreserved red blood cell (RBC) units had been limited by a maximum postdeglycerolization storage of 24 hours at 1 to 6°C until the recent development of a closed system for the glycerolization and deglycerolization process.


Based on relevant research results, from the perspective of land use functions, an evaluation indicator system of carrying capacity of land resources composed of three second-grade indicators (production, living and ecological carrying capacity) or 24 third-grade indicators was established, and the carrying capacity of land resources in ten cities of Shaanxi Province in 2013 was assessed and analyzed by using mean square error analysis method and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that the three types of carrying capacity in most cities of Shaanxi Province are shown as follows: ecological carrying capacity>living carrying capacity>production carrying capacity, and the differences between various regions in a single type of carrying capacity basically accorded with the actual situation of development in each city; there were obvious differences between various cities in the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources, which was basically consistent with regional economic and social development.


The fundamental observation of structural analysis in L?vi-Strauss x is that institutional ized systems of exchange (of women, material goods, symbols) rest on a double system of distinctions. On the one hand, those who can or must exchange according to the norms of the system must be distinguished from those who cannot?for instance, a kinship system must define the boundaries of endogamy within which the system is institutionalized (e.g. the tribe). On the other hand, the units which can or must exchange must be distin guished from each other, at least so that one can be defined as lacking something that the other can furnish?for example, in kinship systems the exogamous unit that needs a wife must be distinguished from the unit eligible to supply a wife. It is this peculiar irony of the central forms of solidarity being defined by a system of differentiation that has cap tured Levi-Strauss ' imagination. The second part of Levi-Strauss' argument is that in order to talk about society and solidarity, the mythical system must have sym bolic distinctions in it corresponding to the distinctions between subgroups that need each other in the system of exchange. Moieties or sections or lineages that are exogamous need to be contrasted symbolically with the moieties or sections or lineages with which they ex change. But these contrasts must be " medi ated' ' by other contrasts that distinguish the exchanging partners from the rest of the world. In particular, Levi-Strauss is interested in the system of mythical distinctions that con trasts objects in the natural world from those


A Real Time Locationing System (RTLS) using phased array and active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies is presented in this paper. By electrically steering the main beam of a phased array antenna, the angle of arrival signals can be detected by each reader. With the angle information and the relative coordinator information of readers, accurate locations of tagged objects can be acquired. A practical positioning algorithm is proposed for alleviating the multipath effect caused by the indoor environments.


Duroflex is a new-type modifying agent and can improve the interface between asphalt and aggregates at which it is the most weak links in asphalt mixture.This article describes the modifying mechanism and the effectiveness with Duroflex.


We have performed high precision measurements of the zero-energy neutron scattering amplitudes of gas phase molecular hydrogen, deuterium, and He using neutron interferometry. We find bnp = (−3.7384 ± 0.0020) fm[1], bnd = (6.6649 ± 0.0040) fm[2,1], and bn3He = (5.8572 ± 0.0072) fm[3]. When combined with the previous world data, properly corrected for small multiple scattering, radiative corrections, and local field effects from the theory of neutron optics and combined by the prescriptions of the Particle Data Group, the zero-energy scattering amplitudes are: bnp = (−3.7389 ± 0.0010) fm, bnd = (6.6683 ± 0.0030) fm, and bn3He = (5.853 ± .007) fm. The precision of these measurements is now high enough to severely constrain NN few-body models. The n-d and n-He coherent neutron scattering amplitudes are both now in disagreement with the best current theories. The new values can be used as input for precision calculations of few body processes. This precision data is sensitive to small effects such as nuclear three-body forces, charge-symmetry breaking in the strong interaction, and residual electromagnetic effects not yet fully included in current models.


The invention discloses a remote and safe intelligent household monitoring method and a device based on visual analysis. The method comprises steps: an indoor video image is acquired; one frame in the video image is extracted at an interval for household equipment recognition, and the operation state is judged; according to the acquired video image, whether a moving object exists is analyzed, in the case of existence, the moving object is tracked and photographed, and a high-definition picture of the object is acquired; the acquired high-definition picture is actively sent to a remote terminal, the high-definition picture is analyzed locally and the type of the moving target is recognized; the type is judged, if the moving object is a human being, and whether the human being is the resident is judged through face recognition; and according to the judgment result, a danger level is judged and corresponding information or alarm information is sent to the remote terminal. The device comprises a camera, an image processor, a controller, a data transmitting and receiving device and the remote intelligent terminal, wherein the remote terminal is connected with an information transmission device via Internet. The method and the device have the advantages of high real-time performance, wide application range, and easy mounting and maintenance.


In terms of the security and efficiency of mobile e-commerce, the authors summarized the advantages and disadvantages of several related schemes, especially the self-verified mobile payment scheme based on the elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) and then proposed a new type of dynamic symmetric key mobile commerce scheme based on self-verified mechanism. The authors analyzed the basic algorithm based on self-verified mechanisms and detailed the complete transaction process of the proposed scheme. The authors analyzed the payment scheme based on the security and high efficiency index. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme not only meets the high efficiency of mobile electronic payment premise, but also takes the security into account. The user confirmation mechanism at the end of the proposed scheme further strengthens the security of the proposed scheme. In brief, the proposed scheme is more efficient and practical than most of the existing schemes.


According to breeding practices of hybrid rice with aromatic and soft in Yunnan,the present research progress of the type,chemical components,identification method,genetic expression,gene mapping of the aroma of rice and the relationship between it and cultivation environment were summarized.To report the breeding research progress of hybrid rice with aromatic and soft in Yunnan,the rice aromatic resource in aromatic rice breeding was discussed.It was pointed out that parents must be high quality,or the important quality gene of aroma etc was equal for quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination with high yield and good quality.The aroma traits belonged to mutant and it was controlled by the recessive gene.The aroma gene not only existed in the aroma rice,but also existed in the local non-aroma rice resources as heterozygote form,so parent materials of aroma rice breeding could be screened from the local soft rice resources of non-aroma.


This paper is focused on issues related to coupling of a fuel bed model with the freeboard as one of methods to simulate solid fuel combustion in grate furnaces. There are several problems, that have to be dealt with, when applying the coupled methodology, however previously not discussed in detail in literature. Topics, that are addressed, include the way of coupling, especially placement and discretization properties of the interface between the two computational models within the overall furnace model. As the bed model plays key role in this modeling approach, capabilities of existing models are reviewed. The emphasis is put on those features and problems that are not sufficiently solved in order to yield general and reliable model. One of these features is prediction of release of minor biomass and municipal solid waste constituents such as K, Cl, S and heavy metal elements as they are closely related to pollutant emissions formation and deposition, corrosion and erosion problems.


This case report describes the incredible dislocation of a right ventricular lead 1 month after pacemaker implantation. The lead's tip was found in the subcutaneous fat beneath the left breast. Extraction was uneventful. The key steps in the diagnosis and management of this rare complication are discussed.


This study presents a simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) using fabricated polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide-modified carbon paste electrode (PANI/rGOmCPE). PANI/rGO was synthesized via in situ chemical polymerization route, and characterized using FTIR, SEM, and 4-point conductivity probe. The sensor's performance was evaluated towards standard solutions of AA and UA. FTIR and conductivity studies proved that PANI/rGO composite was successfully synthesized. The FTIR spectrum of PANI/rGO shows the characteristic peaks of PANI: 3300-3500 cm-1 (amine N-H bonds); 1400-1750 (aromatic rings). Combining PANI and rGO provided enhanced conductivity and surface area as compared to pristine PANI and rGO. Voltammetric studies showed direct proportional relationship between anodic peak current against analyte concentration. Based on voltammetric studies, the redox capability of synthesized electrodes was found to show an increasing trend of CPE < PANI-mCPE < PANI/rGO-mCPE. Among the three tested electrodes, the fabricated PANI/rGO-mCPE exhibited the best performance for the multi-detection of AA and UA.


We have been developing the adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP), which is an ultra-low-power superconductor logic family. To date, somewhat large AQFP circuits, such as a 4-bit microprocessor and an 8-bit adder, have been demonstrated. To design much larger devices, space-efficient logic circuits are needed. Therefore, in a previous study, we proposed the directly coupled quantum-flux-parametron (DQFP). DQFP circuits propagate data via a direct connection, whereas AQFP circuits propagate data via transformers, which can occupy a large part of the gate area. Thus, DQFP circuits are more space-efficient than AQFP circuits. In this study, we optimized the circuit parameters for DQFP logic cells using numerical simulations from the viewpoint of excitation current margins, component parameter margins, and energy dissipation. We also designed the physical layout of the optimized DQFP cells, fabricated chips, and demonstrated basic DQFP circuits with the optimized cells.


A simple method for preparing mitotic chromosomes from adult mouse liver is described. The procedure involves the accumulation of metaphases in regenerating liver resulting from CCI4 treatment, fol...


Damage to quartz sandstones in polluted urban environments is frequently associated with the presence of calcium salts, especially gypsum. For this association to occur it is necessary to identify external sources of calcium. This paper describes an experiment in which the demolition of two sandstone test walls (Dumfries and Dunhouse sandstones) built with a lime mortar demonstrates the loading of the outer 1–2 cm of blocks with calcium. Although this calcium may eventually be mobilized into the interior of blocks, a significant initial effect is a marked reduction in permeability (identified by before and after measurement using a gas permeameter). It is suggested that this sealing effect helps to constrain moisture and possibly salt cycling through the outer, exposed surface of blocks. Eventually this may contribute to the rapid, catastrophic decay of individual blocks, and is a factor that must be built into any future modelling of this decay process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


As individuals' living standards increase, the needs for the well-being of individuals are becoming more complicated, especially among children. Even though multidimensional methods for researching child well-being in Vietnam have made some progress, analyses of single dimensions of child well-being remain common. The research analyzes the relationship between social assistance, household welfare and child well-being on both objective and subjective aspects by applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the secondary data collected from the Vietnam Sustainable Development Goal Indicators for Children and Women survey in the period 2020-2021 by the General Statistics Office (GSO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) of Vietnam. The research results emphasize the mediating role of household welfare as high social assistance increases household welfare, thereby improving child well-being in Vietnam. Based on the research results, the research proposes several recommendations for the management and improvement of social assistance programs, thereby improving child well-being in Vietnam.


Dietary butyrate supplementation has been shown to increase growth performance in weaned pigs, which has been attributed to its beneficial effects on intestinal health. Butyrate ability to trigger cellular differentiation has been reported in several different human malignancies both in vitro and in vivo. Its effect on satellite cell activity remains controversial, as previous studies have reported that butyrate can either increase or decrease satellite cell differentiation into myoblasts. Recent muscle injury model studies suggest that butyrate speeds muscle repair and growth. Our objective was to determine the effect of butyrate on the proliferation and differentiation potential of porcine satellite cells in vitro. Primary satellite cells were isolated from newly weaned pigs (n = 6, 21±2 days old) and cultured in media designed to promote proliferation (10% FBS + DMEM) or differentiation (2% horse serum + DMEM). Media was supplemented with either 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1mM of sodium butyrate (NaBu). Under proliferative conditions, proliferation rates were reduced at the highest concentration of (NaBu) after 24h. After 48h there was a dose‐dependent reduction in proliferation rate based on NaBu concentration. There was no increase in the rate of apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL staining. Under proliferative culture conditions, there were no significant changes in the gene expression of Pax7, or of two muscle regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD and MyoG. Under culture conditions designed to promote differentiation, the presence of NaBu allowed for greater gene expression of MyoD and MyoG, without an increase in Pax7 gene expression. Butyrate is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, and it may be via this mechanism that it upregulates these MRFs in satellite cells. Altering satellite cell myogenic potential in vivo could dramatically effect growth performance in pigs.


As a traditional discipline, the classification of books is an important and tedious task, and with the increasing number of books, it is difficult to rely solely on librarians to classify and proofread the huge number of books, especially for students to find books related to Chinese language and literature. Therefore, in order to promote the realization of automatic classification of Chinese language and literature books and to make the practical requirements of universities satisfied, this paper improves the traditional feature selection algorithm based on artificial intelligence technology, proposes a new kind of feature selection algorithm based on category differentiation, and designs and verifies the automatic text classification system. The results show that this feature selection algorithm has higher classification accuracy and is feasible and effective compared with the traditional feature selection algorithm.


This investigation's task was to map manufacturing of special qualities at Stora Enso Packaging under a certain period, analyze if rules concerning special qualities is followed, which consequences ...


AbstractNothing is more enduring than change, that's a common insight, but it's as much common as wrong. The forms, triggers and conditions of change are themselves subject to radical change and produce a steady challenge for adjustments in radical organizational transformation as well as in gradual organizational development. That complicates an appropriate knowledge management to analyse, evaluate and to decide, which knowledge, organizational structures and practices should be saved, improved or forgotten. Conventional general and normative suggestions as they were employed increasingly loose their efficiency. So, the call for a possibly better 'contextualisms' is already out there. But how to translate the heed for context specific observation, measurement and appraisal into a pragmatic orientation beyond the simple denial of general recommendations in the "check-this-and-do-that" style? To meet that challenge, we need certain monitors for a.) a stable and routinized comparison of inside and external observation and for b.) a routi-nized observation of an organizations capability to compare, evaluate and influence that difference of inside/outside. The latter form of monitoring we call an organizations 'capability to learn'. If an organization is in a position to observe its own capability to learn and to judge external demands to learn, a profound background is given for a sound decision about what to learn and what not to learn. In the paper, we firstly show seven dimensions, which could represent moments of that observational capability. Secondly, we present a tool that helps to analyse, measure and assess these dimensions and how to make them 'manageable'. The tool stimulates the internal discourse of what to check and gives outlines on how to transform that into an organization-styled language and knowledge. Thirdly and finally, we illustrate the dimensions, the tool and the conditions of appropriate handling with case study vignettes. This is to illustrate a special way of tool treatment necessary to transform generalisms into contextualisms.


When selection or switch diversity is used at the receiver, using DPSK is problematic as it requires two consecutive symbols from the same branch for proper differential detection. Therefore, unless special provisions are taken, the receiver would fail when switching to a different branch. In this paper we describe the operation of the "conditional diversity combining" receiver which uses DPSK and outperforms the classical (selection combining) SC receiver while using the same number of receive chains. The symbol error rate results indicate that the performance of the CDC receiver is bounded by the that of the classical SC receiver and that of a receiver that combines, at each symbol interval, the two branches with the largest instantaneous power (the so-called hybrid 2S/EGC receiver). Furthermore, we provide results showing the amount of time that the CDC selects a single branch (SC mode) or selects and combines two branches (2S/EGC mode) in order to better understand its error rate performance.


Abstract Management practices during seed development are crucial for boosting seed quality and establishment. This study determined the interactive effect of soil fertility and maturity stage on maize seed quality. The cultivar SC701 were harvested at milk, dent, and physiological maturity stages and dried to <12% moisture content. Field trials were split plots replicated four times. Seed quality was evaluated using standard germination test, vigor indices and electrical conductivity test. Highly significant interactions (p < .001) occurred for most of the seedling germination and vigor parameters measured. The interactions had strong impact on the germination characteristics and vigor of seeds at dent and physiological maturity. Seeds at dent stage under optimal fertilization gave higher seed quality. Optimal fertilizer application and harvesting at physiological maturity leads to maximum acquisition of seed vigor. However, in the presence of adverse weather conditions seeds from late dent stage under optimally fertilized conditions still give high seed quality.


WE RECOMMEND Advancing Physics CD Quick Tour This software makes the Advancing Physics CD easier to use. From Silicon to Computer This CD on computer technology operates like an electronic textbook. Powers of Ten This documentary film gives pupils a feel for the scale of our universe. Multimedia Waves The material on this CD demonstrates various wave phenomena. Infrared thermometer This instant response, remote sensor has numerous lab applications. Magic Universe, The Oxford Guide to Modern Science Acollection of short essays, this book is aimed at A-level students. Fermi Remembered Ajoy to read, this piece of non-fiction leaves you eager for more. Big Bang (lecture and book) Both the book and the lecture are engaging and hugely entertaining. WORTH A LOOK The Way Things Go Lasting just 30 minutes, this film will liven up any mechanics lesson. The Video Encyclopaedia of Physics Demonstrations It may blow your budget, but this DVD is a superb physics resource. Go!Link and Go!Temp Go!Link is a useful, cheap datalogger. Go!Temp seems superfluous. Cracker snaps Cheap and cheerful, cracker snaps can be used to demonstrate force. VPython This 3D animation freeware can be adapted to fit your needs. HANDLE WITH CARE Physics A-Level Presentations It might be better to generate slides yourself rather than modify these. London Planetarium and Madame Tussaud's A day out here is definitely not a worthwhile science excursion.