Noninvasive brain stimulation provides an effective means of modulating the function of specific neural structures and shows potential for the rehabilitation of patients with brain disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are two of the most promising noninvasive brain stimulation methods. They can help to avoid surgical risks and provide theoretical advantages of neuromodulation of specific neural circuits. rTMS has been used in two ways: low-frequency stimulation to reduce cortical excitability or high-frequency stimulation to facilitate cortical excitability. Also, the anodal stimulation of tDCS increases the neuronal excitability of the brain area being stimulated and cathodal stimulation of tDCS decreases the neuronal excitability. These neuromodulative effects of rTMS and tDCS have been intensively studied in the field of neuromodulation and neurorehabilitation of patients with brain disorders during the last few decades. Most studies have shown beneficial effects of rTMS or tDCS on clinical symptoms in patients with brain disorders such as stroke and Parkinson's disease. However, stimulation parameters have widely varied, and the small sample size of most studies reduces the strength of the evidence. Nevertheless, minimal side effects, positive evidence, and unveiling the mechanisms of neuromodulation using functional neuroimaging methods have made rTMS and tDCS attractive among the emerging neurorehabilitation tools.


ABSTRACT Extreme learning machine for regression (ELR), though efficient, is not preferred in time-limited applications, due to the model selection time being large. To overcome this problem, we reformulate ELR to take a new regularization parameter nu (nu-ELR) which is inspired by Schölkopf et al. The regularization in terms of nu is bounded between 0 and 1, and is easier to interpret compared to C. In this paper, we propose using the active set algorithm to solve the quadratic programming optimization problem of nu-ELR. Experimental results on real regression problems show that nu-ELR performs better than ELM, ELR, and nu-SVR, and is computationally efficient compared to other iterative learning models. Additionally, the model selection time of nu-ELR can be significantly shortened.


We prove the Ar(Ω)-weighted Hardy-Littlewood inequality, the Ar(Ω)-weighted weak reverse Hölder inequality and the Ar(Ω)-weighted Caccioppoli-type estimate for A-harmonic tensors all being generalizations of classical results.


Abstract Amphibians are being kept in increasing numbers as pets and in zoological and research collections. As we learn more about the diseases that affect these animals, our knowledge of emergency medicine has grown. When faced with an amphibian emergency, the rapid collection of a history, appropriate selection and execution of diagnostics, and immediate administration of critical care will increase the likelihood of a successful outcome. Common emergency presentations of amphibians also will be reviewed, including red-leg syndrome, edema, emaciation, gastrointestinal obstruction and prolapse, neurological disease, and trauma.


Nanometer ZnO was synthesized by uniform precipitation-method from ZnCl 2 and carbamide, and TEM, SEM and XRD were used to characterize the product. Result indicated that powdered ZnO with good crystal capability could be obtained after treatment at 200℃. Less granularity, bigger reactant concentration and proportion. The crystal grew in sheet, with 20 nanometers at average. Effect of concentration on the granularity, and the optimal growing condition of sheet ZnO crystals were discussed.


Oxygen-enriched CFB not only enable more efficient to capture CO2, but also has a lower NOx emission, which is a potential new type clean combustion technology that can overall control pollutants emission . It introduced the current development of study on combustion characteristics and economics under O2/CO2 atmosphere on circulating fluidized bed and the effect of oxygen concentration on CFB boiler design, which pointed out the existent problems of oxygen-enriched CFB and presented some advices to further works.


The xenotransplantation of pig organs and cells can be related with a risk of transmission of infectious diseases to human. Previous findings indicate that the regulatory region of PERV for retroviral transcription, replication and integration into the cellular DNA is located on the 5' Long Terminal Repeat (LTR). The objective of this study is the investigation of methylation and deletion status of the PERV 5' LTR region which can be used for regulating PERV expression. We compared the sequences of genomic DNA and bisulfite-treated genomic DNA from PK-15 cells expressing PERV to observe the methylation status of the 5' LTR. Our results showed that the CpG sites of U3 were methylated and methylation was inconsistent in the R and U5 regions. Also, variable numbers of 18 bp repeats and 21 bp repeats were detected on 5' LTR by sequencing analysis. The consistent U3 methylation might be indicative of host suppression of expression of the retroviruses.


Several regions in the United States including Florida, Texas, and Kentucky are known to have overwhelming destruction caused by sinkholes due to various soil structures prone to subsurface voids. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, over $300 million per year on average is spent on sinkhole related damage in the United States [1]. When a sinkhole is detected early, the department of transportation can track the growth rate to make decisions when to disrupt travel flow for repair, and to budget the repair from a maintenance perspective rather than a hazardous emergency. Current practices used for detection include Standard Penetration Test, Ground Penetration Radar, and multi-channel seismic survey can typically cost from $1,000 -$10,000. This study focuses on a potential real-time remote sensing sinkhole monitoring system that is different from the standard practice used today by the Department of Transportation. The primary function of the early detection device is designed on the principle of a hollow-core auger with a free-falling mass displacement trigger. At the top, an electronic enclosure is placed and is used to power the device from a normally "off" state to an "on" state when a void is detected below the device. This triggering function allows the system to conserve its energy and have an in-situ period of several years. In order to test the certainty of the response of the auger exposed to the environmental conditions, a test was conducted at a construction fill pit. To simulate a cover-collapse sinkhole, a cavity was dug out approximately three inches below the estimated bottom of the auger. After two months of being in the ground, the test resulted in no sinkhole forming from the tunnel dug beneath the auger. The device during development tested as expected with some modifications needed.


Abstract : The immediate post-World War II period was a turning point for the defense establishment. A confluence of circumstances propelled transformations that will continue into the 21st century. The National Security Act of 1947 began a process of unification. President Harry Truman named General George Marshall to be Secretary of Defense and upheld civil supremacy over the military by relieving General Douglas MacArthur. And the onset of the Cold War initiated the evolution of the multilayered defense bureaucracy which still thrives today. Fifty years later, however, there is a consensus that additional reform is needed to ensure national security. The Commission on Roles and Missions, Quadrennial Defense Review, Defense Reform Initiative, and National Defense Panel called for revamping the Department of Defense. This article argues that reform must extend to the defense and service secretariats, that is, to the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the subcabinet level offices of the three service secretaries. Such reform is not only advisable for fiscal reasons, it is the next step in the process of unification that began in 1947. It is critical for maintaining civilian supremacy and reversing the deterioration of this traditional role into the modern and less efficient concept of civilian control.


Web-system (31) and method (110) for automatically targeting based advertisements (45) is described. The advertisement 45 explains the characteristics (61) for at least one of the advertisements (45) identification is identified with respect to the query 39, in which the products and services. In the line 45 is the scoring according to the match between the query 39 and characteristics of the identified advertisement (45) (61). At least some of the advertisements (45) is a web-based content is available as a 24. Web-based advertising, web servers, storage devices, internal network queries, targeting


Concrete permeability has been an important part of durability assessment of existing structures. The preliminary application of in-situ permeation assessment by Autoclam system was reported in this paper. The reliability of this nondestructive method has been preliminary proved.


The synthesis of serotonin and dopamine with purified enzymes is described. Both pathways start from an amino acid substrate and synthesize the monoamine neurotransmitter in two enzymatic steps. The enzymes human tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2, Rattus norvegicus tyrosine hydroxylase, Chlamydia pneumoniae Cpn1046, and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase from Drosophila melanogaster are recombinantly expressed, purified, and shown to be functional in vitro. The hydroxylases efficiently convert L‐DOPA (L‐dihydroxy‐phenylalanine) and 5‐HTP (5‐hydroxytryptophan) from L‐tyrosine and L‐tryptophan, respectively. A single aromatic amino acid decarboxylase is capable of converting both hydroxylated intermediates into the final neurotransmitter. The platform described here may facilitate future efforts to generate medically useful artificial cells and nanofactories.


Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). CHI'17 Extended Abstracts, May 06-11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA. ACM 978-1-4503-4656-6/17/05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053248 Abstract We examine deliberative quality of crowdsourced deliberation in this paper. Analyzing data from two crowdsourced policy-making processes, we found a good quality deliberation with respect, reciprocity, and storytelling according to the standards in the theory of deliberative democracy. We identified a group of super-deliberators, whose deliberation was above the average, and low-quality deliberators, whose deliberation was below the average. The findings show that even when crowdsourced policymaking was not designed for deliberation, it can facilitate a fairly high-quality democratic deliberation.


The inner forces of web and caps of an unmanned aircraft composite wing beam under uniformly distributed air lift is calculated based on the loading characteristics of the beam. The layer structure of the composite wing beam is designed using iterative method through Matlab programming. The design procedure is based on the classical laminate theory and maximum stress strength criterion. The finite element model of the composite wing beam is built,based on which the strength check is done using maximum stress criterion. The safety margin coefficient of each layer is given. It shows that the layer structure of composite wing beam can be properly designed by iteration method based on classical laminate theory. The iteration procedure is convergent. The least margin of safety of each layer is 0. 981,which is greater than 0. 5. Therefore,the design of the composite wing beam is a success which gives enough strength and light weight.


Transglutaminase (TG) induces protein cross-linking by catalyzing the reaction of acyl transfer. Mature sequence of TG is inactive when express without its pro-region. Since pro-region is critical for inhibiting the TG's action and for correctly folding it extracellularly, the production is either poor or forming inclusion bodies without its pro-region. One of the fundamental steps for higher yield to date is to increase the transcriptional level of the recombinant gene by generating multicopies that could only be accomplished by cloning the concatemers. Here, co-expressing strain was successfully generated by incorporating pro-region into ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites to achieve different copies. The maximum enzyme activity was up to 3.9u/ml compared to the wild type that was only 2.1u/ml in shake flasks being inducted for 96hrs.This research work provides an important strategy for its pro-region to take advantage of the degree of transglutaminase folding.


Sedimentation by gravity is the oldest water treatment. Inlet and outlet of rectangular sedimentation tank are often located in the middle of the tank. The present investigation studies the effect of changing inlet and outlet position of rectangular sedimentation tank on removal efficiency using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Two different configurations are proposed and they have been tested with varying particles diameters and concentration. Numerical model ability to describe flow field behaviour inside the tank is confirmed by an experimentation data. Results show that inlet and outlet position influence the flow field and removal efficiency of sedimentation tanks, especially for the case of fine particles (50 and 120μm).


capillary fringe zone unsaturated or vadose zone Ground penetrating radar is sensitive to the porosity and compositional variations common in coastal sands, and hence has become a staple tool for coastal stratigraphers. Under the right circumstances, GPR can also provide very useful information on surficial aquifer hydrogeology in coastal zones. Here we present examples of the primary uses for GPR in coastal hydrogeology: (1) to identify depth to the water table; (2) to estimate the depth to the freshwater/saltwater interface; (3) to map hydrostratigraphic units; and (4) to track water flow and changes in water content in surficial aquifers. The water table generally produces a distinct GPR reflection where the capillary zone is thin relative to the radar wavelength. Uncertainties in the water table depth come primarily from uncertainties in the wave velocity and in the thickness of the capillary fringe. The freshwater/ saltwater interface is typically too gradational to reflect energy; instead the radar pulse is attenuated. For some GPR instruments, a very shallow freshwater/saltwater interface can cause saturation in pre-amplifiers, resulting in a spurious high-frequency pulse in the record. On a coastal barrier island in the Outer Banks of North Carolina, GPR proved an excellent tool for mapping a muddy marsh layer that serves as a (semi) confining unit for a perched water table. In siliciclastic and carbonate units in Florida, repeated GPR surveying of individual sites has been used for qualitative tracking of unsaturated zone flow, water table migration, and changes in water content.


The computation of environmental load(CO2) emissions from a number of inputted materials in a building so far required big consumption of time, cost and ㆍmanpower, but this research presented a method of computing the CO₂ emissions(/㎡) from all inputted materials in a building only through the selection of major materials and the analysis of major materials as a solution to this. This research proceeded with an analysis of apartment construction projects in a total of 12 apartment complexes among buildings, and selected 15 kinds of major materials and 88 kinds of other materials through the analysis of CO₂ emissions(/㎡) and sensitivity by complexes. The computation result of CO₂ emissions(/㎡) from the selected major materials in 12 complexes showed an error range of maximum 2.3% and average 0.98% from the analysis result with the entire materials, so it was evaluated that the CO₂ emissions can be computed through the major materials only.


Entering into a controversy with M.Chernikov, who published in the previous issue of the journal his article "Logic of Social Interactions in the Light of Two Conditions of Justice", where universal formalized description is proposed, of complex social systems' functioning, the author of the present article turns to problems of methodology of modeling socio-political interactions. His attention is focused on the questions of the subject of theoretical modeling of this kind, as well as of the extent to which a mental experiment in modeling complex socio-economic or socio-political systems can be free from limitations that such experiments are subjected to by pre-existent knowledge.


A worldwide round robin study is sponsored by the Society of Experimental Mechanics to detect damage in a composite plate with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). The aim of this round robin study is to explore the potential of a SLDV for detection of damage in composite plates. In this work, a curvature-based damage detection method with use of a continuously SLDV (CSLDV) is proposed. A CSLDV can be regarded as a real-time moving sensor, since the laser spot from the CSLDV continuously moves on a structure surface and measures velocity response. An operating deflection shape (ODS) of the damaged composite plate can be obtained from velocity response by the demodulation method. The ODS of the associated undamaged composite plate is obtained by using polynomials to fit the ODS of the damaged plate. A curvature damage index (CDI) using differences between curvatures of ODSs (CODSs) associated with the ODSs from the demodulation method and the polynomial fit is proposed to detect damage. With the proposed curvature-based damage detection method, locations of two possible damage are detected in areas with consistently high CDI values at two excitation frequencies, which are in good agreement with prescribed damage locations.


The purpose of the Bundle-Up! game is to make learning climatic design strategies and their complex interrelationships fun and easy. The project uses the concept of Bundles developed in the research project, "A New Knowledge Structure for Net-Zero Design." The idea of design strategy bundles is to resolve conflicts and tensions among strategies by proposing related sets of design strategies that address recurring problems designers face. A Bundle identifies several discreet design ideas that apply in a particular situation across three scales. The game outlines a set of rules for users to create their own bundles specific to a particular project. Bundle-Up! is used with a set of instructions like a typical board game. It is designed to use design strategies from the book Sun, Wind & Light, 3rd edition. There is no one right solution, but some answers are better than others, and solutions that follow the rules are all acceptable. Bundle-Up! can be played by one person or several in collaboration. The game pieces (more than 100) each represent a climatic design strategy, each with a unique graphic and other identifying features and descriptions. A prototype was tested with peer teachers and feedback was very positive. The Bundle-Up! game has since been tested in fifth-year B. Arch design studios and with second-year technology course students. Feedback has helped refine the game and its instructions, along with the curricular exercises that accompany it.


careful planning is indispensable in the treatment of an edentulous jaw with implant-supported restorations. The axes and positions of the implants must correspond to the given biological, mechanical and esthetic conditions. in situations where severe bone recession has occurred, the work of the dental team will involve not only the reconstruction of dental but also of gingival tissue. the dentogingival complex must primarily fulfil two aspects: function (chewing and speaking) and esthetics (alignment of the teeth and gums and lip support).


The oscillator strength sums S (2), S (1), and S (−1) calculated using analytical Hartree–Fock wavefunctions and the sums S (−2) and S (−3) from an approximate uncoupled Hartree–Fock calculation are given for the atoms He to Kr. Trends are discussed as well as the accuracy of the Hartree–Fock calculations. An extensive compilation of accurate sums is used to assess the relative usefulness and accuracy of recently proposed bounds and approximations to the spherically averaged dispersion coefficient C6. Values of C6 for the first three rows are presented.


The period between the Roman withdrawal from Britain and the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period is a time of social, cultural, and political change. It was once referred to as the 'dark ages' due to the limited understanding we have of this period.

Animals play an important role in human life, as they are used for numerous daily functions, they can provided food, clothing, labor and other resources. Recently there has been an acknowledgement that the social relationships humans have with animals can represent culture, and the changes seen in the zooarchaeological context can aid with answering some of the questions we have about the 'dark ages'.

It is based on this idea of animals reflecting past cultures that this study is conducted. By looking at different zooarchaeological assemblages from the Roman and Anglo-Saxon period across Britain it is possible to see any changes in the animals that are being used onsite. This can help us to understand what impact the Roman withdrawal had on these sites in Britain, and how quickly did the Anglo-Saxon identity take ahold.


A device is dedicated to controlling access to local wireless communications networks (WLAN-i) having a local coverage area included in a main coverage area of at least one main communications network (RP) equipped with means for positioning of mobile communications equipment (8). The device comprises control means (20) coupled to the positioning means (8) and arranged i) for comparing the positions of at least certain mobile devices (9) to those of the local areas, so as to select the primary identifiers of the mobile equipment substantially positioned in these local areas, and ii) for addressing to a mail server (10) of the primary network (RP) instructions including the primary identifier of each mobile device (9) selected, so that their address a message about their users that they can connect to the local network (WLAN-i) in the local area where they are placed.


Using a combination of 4.0-mm conventional Orentreich punch grafts and minigrafts, the author describes a methodology to achieve a very uniform, untufted look which is usually the end result of conventional grafting alone. Advantages and disadvantages are detailed.


The transformation of law in the Yukon attendant upon the arrival of the North West Mounted Police and their successful attempt to eliminate the authority of the miners' meeting in the district is reviewed. In this instance, it appears that the symbolic as distinct from the instrumental functions of law led to the acceptance of a fundamental change in the character of local legal institutions.


The purpose of the present study is to replicate as closely as possible the study titled "Friendship as a Relationship Infiltration Tactic during Human Mate Poaching" (Mogilski & Wade, 2013). The purpose of the replication was to further explore the well documented lack of replications within psychology, and to provide a template for how to improve this issue. The authors of the original study sought to determine how friendship affected the success of someone trying to infiltrate a romantic relationship. They hypothesized that a person would be more likely to successfully steal the mate of another if the poacher was friends with their target mate, rather than acquaintances. When the poacher/poached were friends previous to the attempt, it was hypothesized that the poacher would incur fewer costs (e.g., physical retaliation from the poachee). Participants were given one of four vignettes to read then asked to rate the poacher's likelihood of being successful and incurring future costs. Data was analyzed using a 2(sex) x 2(friendship) Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Overall, the replication study provided supporting evidence for all but one hypothesis. However, only the first (regarding success rate) was replicated successfully in that it was the only statistically significant result that overlapped with the original study. The implication of these conflicting results shows the importance of replication within psychology.


Objective: To identify techniques and instruments to measure resilience. Material and Methods: An internet bibliographic review was carried under a resiliency measurement describer. Studies dealing with the establishment of resiliency measurement methods were selected. Results: The review shows that techniques and measurement instruments for the measurement of resilience can be divided in three groups: projective tests, psychometric tests and imaginology tests. This division matches the principal theoretical approaches to the concept of resilience. Psychometric tests are the more developed and some of them could be successfully used in other studies of the theme. However projective and imaginology test show interesting approaching potential to the concept especially in clinical and qualitative work. Discussion: The various factors intervening in resilience and the different theoretical approaches to the concept hinder the construction and measurement process. Dealing with this task researchers have to take sides regarding the different definitions of resilience leading them to leave aside some important aspects of the concept. Conclusion: It is highly convenient to carry out research with mixing methodological designs to be able to have a deeper insight to understand the phenomenon or resilience that would enable us to reach a wider comprehensive and integrative consensus regarding the concept and then to advance further in the design of for the integral measurement of the various aspects of resilience


Introduction Clinical application of arteriovenous (AV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires assessment of cardiovascular ability to respond adequately to the presence of an AV shunt in the face of acute lung injury (ALI). This ability may be age dependent and vary with the experimental model. We studied cardiovascular stability in a lamb model of severe ALI, comparing conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) with AV-ECMO therapy. Methods Seventeen lambs were anesthetized, tracheotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Femoral and jugular veins, and femoral and carotid arteries were instrumented for the AVECMO circuit, systemic and pulmonary artery blood pressure monitoring, gas exchange, and cardiac output determination (thermodilution technique). A severe ALI (arterial oxygen tension/inspired fractional oxygen 0.05; Fisher's exact test). Surviving and nonsurviving lambs in the AV-ECMO group, unlike the CMV group, required continuous volume expansion and inotropic support (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). Lambs in the AV-ECMO group were able to maintain normocapnia with a maximum of 30% reduction in the minute ventilation, as compared with the CMV group (P < 0.05). Conclusion AV-ECMO therapy in lambs subjected to severe ALI requires continuous hemodynamic support to maintain cardiovascular stability and normocapnia, as compared with lambs receiving CMV support.


A position adjusting apparatus of a front end part of a coil is provided to prevent facilities around the coil from being damaged and enable a coil centering operation to be conducted easily by adjusting the position of a front end part of the coil after a coil is transferred by a crane and placed on skids. A position adjusting apparatus of a front end part of a coil(11) comprises: a coil rotation part(20) having a drive roller which is positioned inside skids(12) and rotated by driving a motor, and vertical cylinders(24) that adjust height of the drive roller, wherein a coil is placed on the skids; a coil contact part(30) having a contact roller positioned at a front side of the coil, a horizontal cylinder(33) that moves the contact roller forward and backward relative to the coil, and a horizontal cylinder control part that controls the operation of the horizontal cylinder; and a front end sensing part(50) having a touch plate that is positioned to be parallel to the contact roller and lifts when the touch plate contacts a front end part(13) of the coil, and a motor control part that controls driving of the motor by sensing a change in the position of the touch plate.


Oxalic acid (OA) is a phytotoxin produced by pathogenic fungi including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Effect of oxalic acid on spore germination and mycelial growth of C. minitans, the mycoparasite of S. sclerotiorum, was studied in media. The results indicated that OA could not stimulate the spore germination of C. minitans. On unbuffered and buffered media (water agar), the lowest OA concentration for inhibition of C. minitans germination was 150 and 700 μg/mL, respectively. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with OA at 100-2 000 μg/mL, C. minitans could grow,and OA at 300-500 μg/mL in PDA could significantly stimulate the mycelial growth of C. minitans. On an unbuffered synthetic medium amended with OA ranging from 100 to 2 000 μg/mL as the carbon source, C. minitans could grow. The optimum OA concentration was 500 μg/mL and the maximum OA concentration was 2 500 μg/mL. On the buffered media, C. minitans grew at the OA concentration ranging from 100 to 4 000 μg/mL with the optimum OA concentration between 1 500 and 2 500 μg/mL. On opaque media containing calcium oxalate, a clear zone under each colony of C. minitans in each plate was observed. These results suggest that C. minitans could tolerate OA both for its spore germination and for its mycelial growth and C. minitans may degrade oxalic acid.


The steel rope is the haulage part of the mine transportation system. The service life of the steel rope is directly affected to the cost and safety of the mine production. The paper introduced the inspection principle of the broken wire for the steel rope based on the Hall element. The paper analyzed the different potential compensation method for the Hall element.The paper in detail researched the temperature compensation method of the Hall element. The paper provided a new method of the series and differential connection for the Hall element. The test showed that with the steel wire detection sensor based on the method, the diction accuracy of the broken wire could reach at 91.67%.


Italian Journal of Special Education for Inclusion | © Pensa MultiMedia Editore srl | ISSN 2282–6041 (on line) | DOI: 10.7346/sipes-02-2019-12 The Salamanca Statement inaugurated a period of rights which aimed to promote inclusion at all levels of education, including higher education, considered strategic in the preparation of people with disabilities for adult life. This article aims to provide an overview of the principal steps which, from 1994 up to the present day, have marked the gradual process of the opening up of the post-secondary institutions to disability, in order to critically highlight the progress and the challenges of a process in act. The paper, based on a review of the international and national literature, is organized into two periods (with the UN Convention as a watershed). From the universities' initial concern to guarantee equality of access to students with disabilities by removing architectural barriers and offering services, we move to a subsequent phase in which new complex trends emerge which have innovative and inclusive potential. Among these we find the quality of the teaching; the monitoring of academic careers and the transition to the labour market; the evolution of the Disability Services from campus support centres to campus resource centres; staff training; and the more active participation of students. There is an open challenge to continue to gather evidence and reframe these issues, because improving the quality of academic experiences can guarantee better future lives for students.


Sylvie Hampton describes the effectiveness of an ibuprofen-impregnated dressing on wound pain. This article describes the outcomes on 11 case studies of patients with painful wounds who were supplied with a new ibuprofen-impregnated dressing (Biatain-Ibu).


The following dipeptides have been irradiated with60 Co γ-rays in liquid nitrogen: glycyl-L-phenylalanine, glycyl-L-tyrosine, glycyl-L-tryptophane, L-phenylalanyl-glycine, L-tyrosyl-glycine, L-tryptophyl-glycine, L-alanyl-L-phenylalanine, L-alanyl-L-tyrosine, L-analyl-L-tryptophane, L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine, L-tyrosyl-L-alanine, and L-tryptophyl L-alanine. Their EPR spectra have been recorded at - 180 or - 160°C and at room temperature. Detectable free radicals are formed at low temperature only on glycine and alanine and are of the types - $\dot{{\rm C}}{\rm H}_{2}$ and - $\dot{{\rm C}}{\rm H}\ ({\rm CH}_{3})$ respectively. Upon warming to room temperature the EPR signals of peptides containing glycine or alanine in the N-terminal position change to mostly unresolved spectra. For the C-terminal peptides, L-Phe-Gly and L-Tyr-Gly, warming results in a spectrum attributed to a $-{\rm NH}-\dot{{\rm C}}{\rm H}-{\rm COO}^{-}$ radical, while for L-Phe-L-Ala, L-Tyr-L-Ala and L-Trp-L-Ala a spectrum believed to re...


In this paper, the algorithm for calibrating radionuclide activity of waste barrels from a nuclear power plant is studied. A simulations to validate the algorithm was done on a model of 1:2 ratio to an actual waste barrel at a nuclear power plant. The results indicate that the image reconstruction errors are smaller than other algorithms.Further more, this method, with strong practicability, can well meet the requirements of TGS device.


In the present work, the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of the compressed Zr-4 alloy with lamellar structure has been studied systematically. In the compression test of Zr-4 alloy with reduction of 70% at 650°C, the severe deformed area (SDA) and difficult deformed area (DDA) formed. The differences in DDA and SDA including microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties were investigated, using electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that a large number of equiaxed grains appeared in SDA due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), while coarse lamellar grains were still the main microstructure in DDA, showing that the DDA was the intermediate between the initial alloy and SDA. Furthermore, the discontinuous recrystallization mechanism was proposed. According to electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the predominant texture formed in SDA and DDA made normal direction of its {0001} planes of α phase parallel to the compression direction, and another stronger texture in SDA made the normal direction of part {0001} planes ∼15° away from the compression direction. The observed texture difference in SDA and DDA mainly resulted from the DRXed grains. To evaluate the influence of SDA on the mechanical properties of the Zr-4 alloy, microhardness tests were employed. The alloy in SDA had been proved to be strengthened compared to DDA, which was due to both the grain refinement and the texture diversity.


This article describes the challenges and triumphs in introducing music in the primary division of a private elementary school in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data sources included classroom observations, field notes, lesson plans, professional development materials, photographs, audio-recordings, videos, surveys, and interviews. Data were analyzed using standard qualitative protocols. Most of the teachers who were new to music teaching (both Saudi and non-Saudi) were eager to begin teaching music. They took advantage of professional development opportunities offered by an expatriate curriculum consultant. A school improvement team, made up of expatriate and Saudi teachers, guided the school-based music activities as well as professional development in the broader community. By the end of the year, music was present in all primary classes. The article closes with implications for the evolution of music teaching in Saudi Arabia, as well as how lessons learned through the Saudi experience might enrich music teaching in other settings.


Folate-or L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) functionalized magnetic microgels (MP-PNAAEF or MP-PNAAEM) for targeted delivery to positive folate-receptor [FR(+)] cancer cells have been successfully prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are well covered with PNAAEF microgels, exhibiting regular spherical structures with few agglomerates. The mean size of the magnetic microgels measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is dependent on temperature and pH, and they exhibit good thermosensitivity as well as pH sensitivity. The research on drug loading and the drug release behavior of magnetic microgels shows that the MP-PNAAEF and MP-PNAAEM microgels are capable of loading more doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) than MP-PNAAE under appropriate conditions, and in vitro release is faster at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.4, and faster at 45 °C than at 37 °C. In vitro cytotoxicity of these microgels to Hela cells [FR(+)] and L02 cells [FR(−)] were evaluated, and all microgels were nontoxic up to a concentration of 15 μg mL−1 toward Hela cells and 30 μg mL−1 toward L02 cells. Specifically, the cellular uptake of MP-PNAAE, MP-PNAAEF and MP-PNAAEM was observed with both cell lines. FA and MTHF modification on the MP-PNAAE increased the microgel uptake by Hela cells, but not by the L02 cells, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy; thus, the MTHF may possess remarkable properties toward Hela cells. Meanwhile, the DOX-loaded MP-PNAAEF and MP-PNAAEM microgels present greater cytotoxicity to Hela cells than free DOX and DOX-loaded MP-PNAAE microgels. The results suggest that MTHF may represent a potential ligand for targeted anticancer drug delivery, and the MP-PNAAEF and MP-PNAAEM magnetic microgels may represent a potential tumor targeting drug carrier.


If youre an avid Android smartphone user youve probably asked yourself the following question, why is my phone hot? I will tell you why your phone is ...


Novel solid-state fluorescent azo colourants derived from 5-amino-2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) benzimidazole as electron donor were synthesised. The colourants were characterised by means of elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. These colourants showed molar extinction coefficients in the range 12 000–48 000 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. These compounds exhibited solid-state fluorescence under short UV (254 nm). Electron coupling originating from broad π-electron delocalisation and keto–enol form is responsible for the large Stokes shift as indicated by absorption and fluorescence spectra. These colourants were soluble in polar aprotic high-boiling solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulphoxide, whereas they were insoluble in other common organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis of solid-state fluorescent colourants showed that two of the colourants showed thermal stability in the range 230–240 °C, whereas for the rest of the colourants it was found to be lower, and hence the two colourants could find application in the coloration of polymers.


Many different approaches to classifying Chinese conditional sentences have been suggested by scholars. It should be pointed out that most were based on the Chinese language itself. They differed greatly from international research and typological theories in terms of the typicality of "ru guo" and "wu lun" conditional sentences, as well as the logical and semantic aspects of conditionals. Based on a traditional Chinese classification and international research, Chinese conditional sentences can be typologically classified into three types: hypothetical, specific, and concessive. Further research tendencies for studying complex Chinese sentences based on typology are suggested.


Objective.—The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, character, and outcome of headache in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who had been treated to avoid the risk of rupture.


The authors consider the problem of reducing the dredge performance when operating at subzero air temperatures. This problem is particularly relevant for deposits located in the Far North, where the dredging season is limited by climatic conditions. During the period of subzero air temperatures dredge performance decreases significantly due to the icing of dredge structure. In consequence, dredging operations are terminated until the occurrence of favorable conditions for work. In this regard, the authors propose a method for isolating the open-pit mine with a hangar made of contemporary construction materials. Cellular polycarbonate, which has several advantages, was chosen as the most promising material for insulating dredging works. The article offers the technical and technological solutions for the proposed method of extending the dredging season. The costs of a dredge hangar for dredges of different sizes and the annual cost of its movement are calculated. A method has been developed for determining the optimal maneuvering angle of the dredge and the width of the single face, whose values depend on the type of dredge and the gold content in the sand. The areas of dredge hangars are determined by the graphical-analytic method. The article presents an example of the air temperature dynamics in a dredge hangar during the year, as well as determines the duration of the mining season.


The treatment of the displaced proximal humerus-fracture with solid osteosynthesis is complicating by coexistence of osteoporosis and simultaneous degenerative changes of the rotator cuff. These specific problems, as well as the usage of primary endoprosthetic replacement should be reduced through the introduction of locking-screw-plate-systems. From April 2006 to March 2008, 70 patients received the clinical application of a newly developed locking-screw-plate (Winsta PH) in a prospective study. 48 of 70 patients were subjected to re-examination after averagely 15 months (1–3 years), 34 women and 14 men. The average age was 68.7 years. The classification of the fractures occurred after Neer. Concerned are 12 two-fragment, 21 three-fragment and 15 four-fragment fractures. The functional result after surgery was rated according to the Constant- and Dash-Score. The average absolute Constant-Score was 63% and the Dash-score 18.3. Patients with accurate anatomical reduction achieved a significantly better score. Secondary loss of correction occurred in 3 patients with collapse of the humeral-head and perforation of the screws. An early metal removal combined with subacromial decompression took place in 3 patients, because of post-traumatic impingement. In a Neer VI-fracture-case, an early revision to hemiarthroplasty occurred due to a postoperative dislocation. One postop-wound discharge was surgically debrided. Modern locking-screw systems like Winsta-PH plate allow a safe treatment of complex fractures of the proximal humerus, diminishing the need for primary endoprosthetic replacement significantly. Anatomic reduction is essential for the locking screw plate system to form the pillar for a successful outcome.


From the Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Kansas City, (Dr. Pollak) and the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology, Department of Radiology, University California Los Angeles (Dr. Webber and Mr. Cragin). Presented to the forty-eighth annual scientific session of the American Heart Association, Anaheim, California, November 18, 1975. This investigation was supported by Contract AT (04-1) GEN 12 between the Atomic Energy Commission and the University of California, and by the Intercampus Opportunity Fund of the University of California. Abstract


Objective To investigate the effect of urinastatin and NF-κB after hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Models of rats with hepatic ischemia reperfusion were established and 4 groups (n=8 in each group) were set up:(A) normal control group;(B) lobar hepatic ischemia 90 min;(C) hepatic ischemia 90 min followed by reperfusion 120 min;and (D) hepatic ischemia reperfusion with urinastatin (1.5 ml/kg) treatment.In addition to histological examination of the liver,plasma alnine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were respectively measured in each group.The activity of NF-κB was determined by sABC immunohistochemistry.The activity of myeioperoxidase (MPO) in liver tissue was also determined.Results Histological damage occurred in groups B,C and D,characterized by hepatic arrangement turbulence,hepatic lobules distortion,congestion in liver sinusoids,hepatocyte swelling or necrosis,and neutrophils infiltration.These changes were markedly alleviated in group D with urinastatin treatment (P 0.05,compared to groupC).The serum ALT and AST and tissue MPO were 454.1± 26.2, 819.1± 18.2 IU/L and 0.908± 0.189 U/g respectively,the activity of NF-κB in liver tissue was 1.89± 0.12 in group B (P 0.05,compared to group A);These were 1 156.9± 216.3, 2 150.5± 209.8 IU/L and 2.126± 0.160 U/g,and the activity of NF-κB in liver tissue was 2.86± 0.20 respectively in group C (P 0.01,compared to group A);These were 510.8± 16.9, 911.3± 15.8 IU/L and 1.059± 0.219 U/g,and the activity of NF-κB in liver tissue was 2.04± 0.16 respectively in group D (P 0.01,compared to group C).Conclusion Urinastatin could markedly reduce the activity of NF-κB in liver tissue and attenuate the hepatic damage mediated by neutrophil proteases in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.


Industry has depended on the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction for more than a century. The WGS process, which combines carbon monoxide and water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen, is a key component of industrial plants that use hydrogen to process hydrocarbons or to synthesize ammonia or methanol. The intimately related reverse process, RWGS, consumes CO2, a greenhouse gas, and generates CO, a valuable reagent. This chemistry has a long history, yet scientists continue to debate the nature of the catalytically active site and reaction pathway, key pieces of information needed for improving catalyst performance. Vassiliki-Alexandra "Vanda" Glezakou, Janos Szanyi, and coworkers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory hope to end the debate. In a study combining spectroscopy, kinetics, and computations, the team analyzed the RWGS reaction driven by a palladium-alumina catalyst. They found that the key intermediate is a carboxylate species that bridges palladium and aluminum atoms (shown) and that


According to the matrix representation of quadric NURBS curve,for the(2n+1) data points of a curve,an interpolation algorithm based on quadric NURBS curve is presented with only the data points are made use of to solve control vertices.Efficiency of the algorithm has been demonstrated by numerical example.


The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in brain activation by electrotactile stimulation of two fingers of the right hand with different frequencies using fMRI. Non-painful electrotactile stimuli were delivered. Significant activation produced by the stimulation were found in the SI, SII, subcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, and insula. In all participants statistically significant activation was observed in the contralateral SI area and bilateral SII areas by the stimulation on the fingers but ipsilaterally dominant. The SI area representing the second finger generally located in the more lateral and inferior side than that of the third finger across all the subjects. But no difference in brain area was found for the stimulation of the fingers by different frequencies.


The application of advanced electric power system technology to an all electric airplane results in an estimated reduction of the total takeoff gross weight of over 23,000 pounds for a large airplane. This will result in a 5 to 10 percent reduction in direct operating costs (DOC). Critical to this savings is the basic electrical power system component technology. These advanced electrical power components will provide a solid foundation for the materials, devices, circuits, and subsystems needed to satisfy the unique requirements of advanced all electric aircraft power systems. The program for the development of advanced electrical power component technology is described. The program is divided into five generic areas: semiconductor devices (transistors, thyristors, and diodes); conductors (materials and transmission lines); dielectrics; magnetic devices; and load management devices. Examples of progress in each of the five areas are discussed. Bipolar power transistors up to 1000 V at 100 A with a gain of 10 and a 0.5 microsec rise and fall time are presented. A class of semiconductor devices with a possibility of switching up to 100 kV is described. Solid state power controllers for load management at 120 to 1000 V and power levels to 25 kW were developed along with a 25 kW, 20 kHz transformer weighing only 3.2 kg. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24764


Initial arch wires are the firsts arch wires to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and are used mainly for the alignment of teeth by correcting crowding and rotations. With a number of different types of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which wire is most efficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the choice of initial alignment archwires in treating patients with moderate to severe crowding with the MBT and Damon appliances. Sample included 50 patients aged 18 years and above,selected from the pretreatment records of the patients reported to the Department of Orthodontics,Saveetha Dental College,Chennai.Results of the study was obtained by evaluating the initial archwires used in case of MBT and Damon appliances. This study revealed that 85.7% out of the 35 MBT cases used 0.014 NiTi as the initial archwire and all of the Damon cases started with 0.013 CuNiTi.The collected data were entered into an Excel sheet(Microsoft Excel 2007) and statistical analysis done. The association between gender and initial alignment archwires in moderate to severe crowding cases was found using Chi-square association test in IBM SPSS software, which showed a statistically not significant difference (p -value >0.05) , hence there is no gender difference in the choice of initial alignment archwires in moderate to severe crowding patients.


This study attempts to establish the factors determining high attrition rate for Information and Commiunication Technology (ICT) sector in Malaysia. The high attrition rate determinants include job opportunity, job stability, job satisfaction, managerial support and talent management. The sampling techniques for this study are based on purposive and non-probability approach where the sampling process only involved employees from ICT companies with Multimedia Supercorridor (MSC) status in Malaysia. The questionnaire has been delivered to 300 employees from local and multinational ICT companies with MCS status in Malaysia via email. Out of 300 questionnaires sent out, 115 questionnaires were received and 8 were not completed, thus the overall response rate for the study is 35.67%. Based on the result, four determinants (job opportunity, job stability, managerial support and talent management) were found having positive relationship with attrition rate for ICT sector in Malaysia. However, job satisfaction was found to be having a negative relationship with the attrition rate for ICT sector in Malaysia. This study identified the most important determinants that cause high attrition rate for ICT sectors in Malaysia. The findings of this study expected to help organisations in ICT sectors to have better guidance and clearer direction while implementing employee retention strategies to reduce the attrition rate.


We have investigated errors in two-way time transfer due to environmental fluctuations in temperature and power levels. The overall temperature coefficient of two Earth stations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have been found to be on the order of 100 pS/K Sub-component temperature coefficients are as high as 400 pS/K. The errors in two-way time transfer due to variations in power levels have been measured to be as large as 12 nS. These errors are due to distortion in the pn sequence due to gain compression in the earth-station.


Microstructure of TiAl produced by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) has been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the substrate has a significant effect on the microstructure deposited. Depending on operational parameters, either equiaxed {gamma}-TiAl/{alpha}{sub 2}-Ti{sub 3}Al or single phase {alpha}{sub 2} microstructure can be obtained. In-situ heating experiments reveal that nucleation of lamellae often starts at grain boundaries in this retained {alpha}{sub 2} grains. By careful control of post heat treatment, an ultra fine lamellar microstructure may be obtained, which may significantly improve tensile property in these alloys.


Introduction EHealth can help health service users take a more active role in decision-making and help health professionals guide the patient in this process. A digital tool has been designed to support maternal education (ME), and it is organised into four areas: (1) information, (2) communication, (3) health self-management and (4) clinical data. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMAeHealth digital tool, and assess its usability and acceptability under routine conditions. Methods and analysis Hybrid implementation-effectiveness design: (1) A cluster randomised, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of EMAeHealth in (A) improving health-related quality of life (primary outcome), (B) improving self-efficacy for labour and childbirth and self-efficacy in breast feeding and (C) reducing the number of visits to the obstetric emergency services and health centre in situations of 'non-pathological pregnancy', 'false labour pains' and 'non-pathological puerperium'. The EMAeHealth intervention plus usual care will be compared with receiving only usual care, which includes traditional ME. N=1080 participants, 540 for each study arm. Two measurements will be made throughout the pregnancy and three in the first 16 weeks post partum. (2) A mixed-method study to evaluate the usability and acceptability of the tool, barriers and facilitators for its use, and implementation in our health system: focus groups (women, professionals and agents involved) and a quantitative analysis of implementation indicators. Analysis: It will be carried out by intention to treat, using mixed models taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data and per protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of the express use of the digital tool. Ethics and dissemination Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Euskadi, Spain, (Ref: PI2020044) approved this study. The results will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number NCT04937049.


Constant drug release rate is essential in controlled drug release systems. Polymeric devices are researched extensively in drug release, in which diffusion controlled systems cover most o f them. Diffusion controlled systems can be divided by two as membrane controlled systems and matrix systems. It can be reached to constant release rate in former systems, but devices are hard to fabricate and expensive. On the contraiy, it is easy and cheaply to produce matrix devices but mostly one cannot have constant release rate. In this study, it is tried to develop constant release in matrix systems by Zone Freezing method which is part o f Zone Refining. In experiments A hydrofilic polymer, polynydroxyethylmethacrylate, (pHEMA) and Theophyilline ana 4-OXO-TEMPO radicals are used as polymer matrix and sample drugs respectively. Drugs are impregnated in cylindrical pHEMA devices. After that, release rales are exprimented from both zone-freezed devices and non-freezed devices. As a result, it is proved that it is possible to change the release from the same type of matrix devices by zone '•freezing method.


This discussion of Anglo-Saxon coinage attempts to look beyond the detail of numismatic classification in order to consider the relationship between the underlying variations and the economic life of the times. Those parts of it which deal with the classification of the coinage and analyse the observed metrology are intended to be a critical summary of the numismatic research carried out in the past thirty years. Other parts, in which I seek to relate the metrology to such documentary evidence as is known to me – and thus trespass across the vague dividing line between numismatics, of which I have some knowledge, and economic history, of which I have little – are aimed at stimulating awareness and discussion of the problems involved. Finally, a section is devoted to numismatic methods because it is important that their use and limitations be generally understood.


A 100 GHz dynamic frequency divider and a 62 GHz static frequency divider are presented, both using a -3.8 V supply and designed in IBM's 0.12 /spl mu/m SiGe technology with f/sub T/ of 207 GHz and f/sub MAX/ of 285 GHz. Static divider performance is compared to three other static dividers designed in IBM's 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology.


Considers the specifics on sign situations as realized in the course on information presentation and perception. The analysis on sign situations is applied to study the problem on information reliability. On the basis on sign situations, an approach is outlined nor investigating internal speech processes. It is suggested that an apparatus on sign situations be developed, realized in the course on information presentation and perception, that could be used as the most important component on semiotics in describing the specifics and peculiarities on information processes in nature and society


Objective To explore the association between gait disorders and corpus callosum atrophy in old patients with leukoaraiosis on cerebral MRI.Methods Twenty patients with leukoaraiosis and complaint of gait problems underwent the measurement of lower limb function and the areas of corpus callosum,and were compared with healthy control group.Results The areas of corpus callosum,corpus callosum area ratio(CCR) and C1-4(the areas of 4 equal segments of corpus callosum as percentages of area of cranial cavity above tentorium) in patient group were smaller than those in control group(P0.05).In multiple linear regression analysis,CCR is the only variable that had the independent effect on gait disorder(regression coefficient 0.664,P=0.001).Conclusions Compared with healthy old controls,the corpus callosum areas of patients with leukoaraiosis are smaller.The atrophy of corpus callosum is associated with gait disorders independently.


The internationalization of the world's business activities has been reflected in the internationalization of securities markets. This globalization appears in various areas of the different national securities markets. On the one hand, the number of foreign investors trading in U.S. securities and U.S. investors trading in foreign securities has greatly increased. On the other hand, the number of U.S. corporations issuing securities abroad as well as the number of securities issued by foreign corporations and countries in the United States has grown rapidly. This remarkable expansion includes the issuance and trading of both debt and equity securities. Commentators have described the foregoing developments as "major," "dramatic," "tremendous," and even "revolutionary."1


A table-top soft x-ray microscope, adopting a phase-reversal zone plate (PRZP) made of PMMA and high harmonic x-ray source, was constructed. The PMMA PRZP showed enhanced imaging efficiency compared to a metallic Fresnel zone plate.


Inertial MEMS sensors such as accelerometers and angular rotation sensing devices continue to improve in performance as advances in design and processing are made. Present state-of-the-art accelerometers have achieved performance levels in the laboratory that are consistent with requirements for successful application in tactical weapon navigation systems. However, sensor performance parameters that are of interest to the designer of inertial navigation systems are frequently not adequately addressed by the MEMS manufacturer. This paper addresses the testing and characterization of a MEMS accelerometer from an inertial navigation perspective. The paper discusses test objectives, data reduction techniques and presents results from the test of a three-axis MEMS accelerometer conducted at Sandia National Laboratories during 1997. The test was structured to achieve visibility and characterization of the accelerometer bias and scale factor stability overtime and temperature. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.


The crystal s tructure of ammonium trinitrabe, NH4NO a. 2HNO3, has been examined by means of X-rays, using twoand three-dimensional Fourier methods. The structure may be described as consisting of sheets containing NH + and NO 3 ions separated by sheets containing HI~Oa molecules, with two nitric acid molecules uni ted by hydrogen bonds to one nitrat~ ion. The bond lengths show, however, t ha t this is a considerable over-simplification of the facts.


Started with creating the focal point of customer eyes to play an active role in the branded garments displaying,it researched how to use the men′s clothing color combination displaying,repeat the style of clothes and ordering of garment goods displaying to form the focal point of customer eyes,how to become the focus in the branded men′s clothing displaying with the lights and the man′s visual balance etc.It analyzed the different forms of various foci in the branded men′s clothing displaying and the characteristics of garment goods displaying.And based on this conclusion,it emphasized the focus displaying of branded men′s clothing garment goods is more attention the customer eyes from the goods,promoting the goods sales what is wanted to generalize.


The article aims to identify lecturers' perspectives in implementing PISMP science curriculum in IPG Malaysia based on teaching experience with KIPP model. The respondents consisted of 105 lecturers from 20 IPG Malaysia. The study used a questionnaire consisting of 74 items covering the four dimensions (Context, Input, Process and Product). Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study found that there was not a significant difference of curriculum goals and course objectives based on teaching experience at school. For input dimension, there was no significant difference of evaluation, content, source and pedagogy based on school teaching experience. In process dimension, there was no significant difference pedagogical process, the content and the process of assessment based on teaching experience at school. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of product dimension of science curriculum based on teaching experience at school. Based on the experience of teaching in IPG, lecturers did not have a significant difference of curriculum goals, course objectives, evaluation input, content, source, pedagogy, and evaluation process, and content process, but there were significant differences in the pedagogical input and product in the implementation of the PISMP science curriculum in IPG. Its discussions and recommendation were also discussed in this article.


A quantitative theory for evaluation of light‐beam‐induced profiles at grain boundaries is presented. Signals and deduced characteristic values, i.e., the maximum and the half‐width, are calculated in a practically important region of the semiconductor parameters. From this numerical simulation the influence of the various parameters on the signal properties is deduced. Light beam experiments are performed with high spatial resolution on semicrystalline solar cells. The light‐beam‐induced current can be calibrated to give the spatially resolved quantum yield. The experimental data are analyzed using the presented theory. Excellent agreement is obtained between experiment and theory as well as between light‐beam‐induced current analysis and previous electron‐induced experiments.


Frequently, one will find that the conditions for optimality in chemical production are determined by the non-linearities in the plant itself, while the economic objective function might be linear. If the control variables do not enter the objective function, it is found that the instantaneous optimal conditions are found where the product of the sensitivity matrix of the state variables to the control and the gradient of the objective function in the state space is zero. In some cases, this means that the process state is insensitive to the control at the optimum, which makes traditional proportional control instable. Therefore, the modeling and parameter estimation for process non-linearities to identify an optimum become essential. The control problem becomes a tracking problem. This paper describes the application of those ideas to a simple continuous stirred tank reactor with multi-component and multi-reaction kinetics.


Objective: Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is an evidence based treatment modality. Participation in VR improves a range of outcomes for persons with mental illness. There is a need to improve client compliance in these programs, and specifically to measure psychosocial development, which is a primary goal of psychosocial rehabilitation. Design: This study used measures of stage of change, which predict client compliance with other forms of behavioral health treatment, and piloted a measure of psychosocial development for association with compliance in vocational rehabilitation. Clients' goals and expectations in the program were also explored. Results: Several of the stage of change measures were correlated with compliance in this program. The measure of psychosocial development used, the Connection-Disconnection Scale, was correlated with several of the stage of change measures. Clients' goals in the program were explicitly psychosocial. Discussion: Findings regarding stage of change and compliance suggest that VR programs should consider incorporating the processes, goals and techniques associated with stage of change. In addition, the findings regarding psychosocial develop- ment suggest that encouraging mutual empathy and peer support may also help to improve compliance, as well as meet client goals.


We divide the set of all diatonic scales into three classes P,G,R, the intersection of which contains the major diatonic scale. The class G contains Gypsy scales, the class P – Pythagorean heptatonic, and the class R – Redfield Scale. The paper could be of interest for the music theorists, mathematicians, as well as producers of modern key music instruments, interpreters, composers, and electro-acoustical studios.


Intuitively, we might expect that security would be broadly conceived in the same way across the world. And yet even the way the security of the state is understood is quite different from the predominant 'Western' model in some parts of Asia in particular. Indeed, the constituent parts of broadly conceived 'security governance' reveal surprising and illuminating differences about a concept we might otherwise expect to be universal. Nowhere better illustrates this possibility than the East Asian region, which has come to be associated with a distinctive notion of 'comprehensive security', which embraces a range of factors beyond conventional military concerns. To understand why East Asia is different we need to consider the region's specific history and the contemporary challenges it faces. Paradoxically enough, however, the region may be beginning to demonstrate some patterns of behaviour and security concerns that are reminiscent of an earlier 'Western' era, raising important theoretical and comparative questions in the process.


The grass-roots democracy is the power headsprings of Chinese economy and society development,also the engine of the development of China.The grass-roots democracy practices mainly manifests in four lays,village grass-roots democracy,city grass-roots democracy,party grass-roots democracy and enterprise democracy.The grass-roots democracy practices trained the main body of Chinese development,established the stabilization of the society,and provided the big stage of innovation experiment for people.


Small, mundane technologies, such as stethoscopes, medicinal bottles, labels, cleaning and dispensing equipment, are integral to the practice of western herbal medicine (WHM) in the UK. A focus on such technologies reveals the dynamic character and porousness of medical systems and allows us to identify cultural interactions. In this photo essay, based on long-term anthropological research, I explore an assemblage of everyday technologies used by WHM practitioners and the ways in which these technologies contribute to shaping diagnostic stories, to performing (bio)medical legitimacy and invoking herbal traditions. The biomedical, herbal and domestic technologies-in-use come into view as vibrant and dynamic objects with highly contingent meanings and identities. Their absorption into this non-biomedical therapy supports the performance of (bio)medical legitimacy, authority, tradition and professionalism, while the use of everyday domestic objects may signal female-coded practices of care. This demonstrates the adaptability of a medical practice situated at the margin of mainstream healthcare and subject to ongoing technological and ideological influence. The strategic integration of this assemblage of everyday technologies into WHM contributes, I suggest, to evoking a competent, trustworthy and time-honoured medical practice, which is simultaneously inscribed with multiple tensions, ambiguities and contestations.


The display of productivity : Jour de fete and the Americanization of French society, Vincent Guigueno. ; Jacques Tati's film, Jour de fete, describes in a burlesque style the introduction of American methods of work rationalization in the France of the Marshall Plan. With its peculiar methods, Jac- ques Tati's work accounts for a social phenomenon and a cultural break that neither expert reports nor productivity teams could really grasp.


This paper discusses designing and producing a MCU experiment board based on MSP430 and the program debugging is also conducted.Various common MCU experiments can be done on this experiment board such as running lamps,digital tube display circuit,interruption,time-fixing and buttoning so as to promote students' direct perception.


The invention relates to the layered sound absorptive non-woven fabric containing the resonance membrane and at least one another layer (1, 3) of the fibrous material at which the resonance membrane is created by a layer (2) of nanofibres having diameter to 600 nanometers and of surface weight 0,1 to 5 g/m^2, at the same time the resonance membrane together with at least one layer (1, 3) of fibrous material is formed by cross laying to the required thickness and surface weight.


ABSTRACT Catecholamines are biogenic compounds that perform a variety of vital functions, playing a key physiological role in humans and animals. They are important markers in diagnosis of diseases and dysfunctions as well as widespread components of pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, development of highly sensitive, rapid, and economically efficient methods for the determination of catecholamines is of great interest. The spectroscopic analytical methods have a good potential in this respect. This mini-review summarizes in a concise manner some advances and trends in the determination of catecholamines by spectroscopic methods, including spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, immunoassays with spectroscopic detection, Raman spectroscopy, and other methods. Information on mainly determined compounds and analyzed samples is given and discussed. Analytical strategies and performance for the quantitation of catecholamines in various samples are described.


....................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................ xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Possible Origins of Delphinid Communication and Cognition ...................................... 3 Bottlenose Dolphin Society ............................................................................................ 4 Bottlenose Dolphin Cognition ........................................................................................ 6 Bottlenose Dolphin Vocalization .................................................................................... 7 Signature Whistles .......................................................................................................... 8 Signature Whistle Development and Stability .............................................................. 10 Signature Whistle Copying ........................................................................................... 11 Dolphin Group Integrations .......................................................................................... 13 Project Overview .......................................................................................................... 14 Question 1: Does the pattern of combined whistle production increase after the new dolphin is introduced to the existing group? ............................................................. 15 Hypothesis: ........................................................................................................... 15


FIGURE BXII.!.156. Beijerinckia indica cells cultured on nitrogen-free glucose mineral agar (pH 5.0). The typical appearance of the cells and their intracellular polar lipid bodies is illustrated. Living preparation, phase-contrast microscopy (" 1500). FIGURE BXII.!.157. Beijerinckia indica electron micrograph of a thin section showing the two polar lipoid bodies, which are surrounded by a membrane (" 33,300). Straight or slightly curved rods, !0.5–1.5 # 7–4.5 lm, with rounded ends. Cells occur singly or appear as dividing pairs. Sometimes large, misshapen cells 3.0 " 5.0–6.0 lm occur; these are occasionally branched or forked. Intracellular granules of poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are formed, generally one at each pole. Cysts (enclosing one cell) and capsules (enclosing several cells) may occur in some species. Gram negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella or nonmotile. Aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism. N2 is fixed under aerobic or microaerobic conditions. Optimal temperature for growth, 20–30"C; no growth occurs at 37"C. Growth occurs between pH 3.0 and pH 9.5–10.0. Liquid cultures can become a highly viscous, semitransparent mass; in some species the whole medium becomes opalescent and turbid, and adhering slime is not produced. On agar media, especially under N2-fixing conditions, copious slime is produced and giant colonies with a smooth, folded, or plicate surface develop; some strains form slime having a more granular consistency. Catalase positive. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose are utilized by all strains and oxidized to CO2. No growth occurs on peptone medium. Glutamate is utilized poorly or not at all. Species are found in soils, particularly tropical regions. The mol% G $ C of the DNA is: 54.7–60.7. Type species: Beijerinckia indica (Starkey and De 1939) Derx 1950a, 146 (Azotobacter indicum (sic) Starkey and De 1939, 337.)


Reviewing these three works together reveals in the starkest possible terms the richness and variety, as well as the contentious nature of the field of Gothic studies today. Anyone who began working in Gothic studies twenty or more years ago understands how fortunate we are now to be situated in a veritable "growth industry." Perhaps I am dating myself, but in the late 1970s, when I taught my first course on the Gothic at the University of Louisville, I was regarded as something of an oddball to be interested in such patently inferior literature. Scholars of the Gothic no longer have to justify or defend their interests to department chairs, nor to university or commercial presses. In fact, the explosion of published works on the Gothic is an indicator of just how dammed up (repressed would be the more Gothic term) the interest in the Gothic was for so many years.


The design method of DDS which is based on FPGA chip is given. With the high-speed, high quality and re-construction characters of FPGA , complicated functions of frequency modulation, phase modulation and amplitude modulation can be conveniently achieved according to need. It has a fine practical use in modern communication systems.


Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a proposed symmetry between bosons and fermions. The structure of the space of SUSY generators is such that the distinction between internal and spacetime symmetries is blurred. As a result, there are two viable candidates for the correct spacetime setting for a flat supersymmetric field theory---Minkowski spacetime and superspace. an extension of four- dimensional Minkowski spacetime to include (at least) four new dimensions, coordinatised by mathematical objects known as supernumbers. These objects are, in one significant way, quite different from real or complex number---some of them have the property that their order of multiplication makes a difference; in mathematical terms, they are said to have nontrivial commutation properties. This paper argues for two theses: first, that one standard set of arguments, related to universality of symmetry behaviour, that motivate a particular choice of spacetime structure in familiar spacetime theories motivates the choice of superspace as the appropriate spacetime for SUSY field theories. And second, that the metaphysical utility of the concept of spacetime requires more than just the satisfaction of this universality condition; in supersymmetric theories, the spacetime concept is not as useful as in special relativity.


An investigation of the trophic state of Dongping Lake was carried out from May 2010 to Sept. 2010. Based on water transparency, total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations, the comprehensive trophic state index (TLI) was applied to assess the lake's trophic status. The Shannon diversity index of phytoplankton was calculated. According to the majority of the investigated parameters and indices derived from phytoplankton, Dongping Lake is between mesotropher and light eutropher.


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In our previous study, Prunus Mume Fruit Extract (PMFE) has laxative effects in animal model induced constipation by a low‐fibre diet. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with PMFE could improve defecate function in human subjects with constipation.


The propagation of impulses in partially depolarized cardiac fibers has been studied by stimulating isolated preparations of mammalian Purkinje fibers or ventricular muscle at selected intervals du...


In this paper we prove the uncompactness of every stit logic that contains a generalized refref conditional and is a sublogic of the stit logic with refref equivalence, a syntactical condition of uncompactness that covers infinitely many stit logics. This result is established through the uncompactness of every stit logic whose semantic structures contain no chain of busy choice sequences with cardinality n, where n is any natural number > 0. The basic idea in the proof is to apply the notion of companions to stit sentences in finding busy choice sequences in structures, and to make use of a relation between chains of busy choice sequences and generalized refref conditionals in connecting the two conditions of uncompactness mentioned above.


The possibility that Cu-Y zeolites are dealuminated during reduction with H 2 (at 473 K) or with CO (at 773 K) was investigated by XRD and by 29 Si and 27 Al MAS NMR. H 2 /O 2 and CO/O 2 cycles were also examined. Stoichiometric determinations of the oxidation and reduction steps were determined separately to compare the chemistry occurring using CO or H 2 as the reducing agents


PERP, a direct target of p53, has lately been implicated in apoptosis, and we reported earlier a p53‐dependent upregulation of PERP in proximal tubular epithelia subsequent to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI); nonetheless, the role of PERP in IRI is unknown. To test our hypothesis that PERP alters mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP) to induce apoptosis following renal IRI, we developed renal tubular epithelial cell lines (LLCPK1) stably overexpressing PERP (P‐Epi) or control vector (C‐Epi) and subjected to 4 hour (hr) hypoxia in a glucose‐free buffer followed by 1hr normoxia with normal medium replacement. By 1hr post‐injury, the mitochondrial membrane potential is significantly altered in P‐Epi cells compared to C‐Epi or uninjured cells (p< 0.001; n=3) as analyzed by flow cytometry with JC‐1 probing. In addition, AIF and cytochrome c were released from mitochondria earlier by 3hrs post‐injury in P‐Epi cells compared to C‐Epi cells. Further, the number of P‐Epi cells undergoing apoptosis by 3hrs post‐injury was higher compared to control cells (p< 0.05; n=3). Thus we conclude, upregluation of PERP accelerates the release pro‐apoptotic molecules by altering MMP after IRI in renal tubular epithelia. Targeting a p53 downstream molecule rather than p53 per se may offer a specific therapeutic strategy to inhibit p53‐mediated apoptosis in acute kidney injury. Support by Univ Nebraska Med Cntr and NKF Nebraska.


The idea of teacher reflection is always relevant in order to create cultural awareness on various types of learning solutions and learner strategies being recommended to the second language learners in the ESL curriculum studies. The pedagogic dimensions of cultural imperialism are yet to be actualized in the core tenets of second language curriculum development in the era of Electronic Colonialism. This research article aims at improvement of the existing set of learning teaching practices prevalent in the traditional canon with a scope for multicultural interface and inclusive curriculum whereby subaltern cultures and their curricula (or the curricula of the oppressed) will be taken up as part of mainstream academic discourse in the educational institutions across the third world and other international educational institutions.


Background Multiple causes of false-positive chromogranin A (CgA) measurement have been reported that may affect its impact as a surrogate marker of RECIST progression in well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (WDGEPNET). Aims 1) To evaluate the frequency of false-positive CgA results. 2) To prospectively compare CgA variations with RECIST morphological changes in patients without known causes of false-positive CgA measurements. Methods First, the conditions responsible for potentially false-positive CgA measurements were screened in 184 consecutive patients with metastatic WDGEPNET. Secondly, a variation in CgA at a 6-month interval was compared to RECIST results at 6 months in 46 patients. Results Among 184 patients, elevated CgA was found in 130 cases (71%) including 99 patients with at least one cause of a false-positive result. Impaired kidney function as well as medication with proton pump inhibitors were found to be the 2 major causes of false-positive results. The sensitivity and specificity of CgA measurements compared with morphological tumor changes according to the RECIST criteria were 71% and 50%, respectively, at 6 months. Conclusion Routine screening for the causes of false-positive CgA measurements is mandatory in WDGEPNET patients. Our study does not validate the use of CgA as a surrogate marker of tumor progression.


Shape memory property characterizes the behavior of many Ti based and Cu based alloys (SMAs). In Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the original shape recovering is due to a bcc phase that is stable at high temperature. After an appropriate cooling process, this phase (?-phase or austenitic phase) transforms reversibly into a B2 structure (transition phase) and, after a further cooling process or a plastic deformation, it transforms into a DO3 phase (martensitic phase). In ?-Cu-Zn-Al SMAs, the martensitic transformation due to plastic deformation is not stable at room temperature: a high temperature "austenitization" process followed by a high speed cooling process allow to obtain a martensitic phase with a higher stability. In this work, a Cu-Zn-Al SMA in "as cast" conditions has been microstructurally and metallographically characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction and Light Optical Microscope (LOM) observations. Fatigue crack propagation resistance and damaging micromechanisms have been investigated corresponding to three different load ratios (R=0.10, 0.50 and 0.75).


We report a label free, rapid and reliable bio-sensor for SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), consisting of Silicon-Nitride Double-micro-ring-resonator (DMRR) with surface functionalization. Minimum detected concentration of ~ 10 cp/µL and sensitivity of 743 nm/RIU were achieved.


The taking-over and organization of care for people in need of care causes great challenges for patients and their families. Due to the change of the health care settings the transition from an inpatient stay into life at home is particularly associated with risks and uncertainties, which often arise due to lack of knowledge, risk practical skills and risk behaviour. It is therefore necessary to procure educational support which prepares patients and their relatives for home-(self)care and the associated physical and psychological demands and which also takes into account their daily routine and domestic environment. In the combination of nursing as the profession that manages and conducts these activities with rehabilitation as the institution that aims participation and self-determination great potential for locating viable models for the transition from the inpatient to the domestic supply is seen.


ETT obstruction due to shearing of the plastic sheath of the stylet has been reported in the past with small endotracheal tubes (ETT) (1, 2). We report a similar case of partial obstruction with a 4.5mm armored ETT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of shearing of the plastic-coated stylet that occurred with an armored ETT. We believe that endotracheal tube stylets should be inspected after each use.


The performance of structures under normal service loads refer to serviceability limit states which is concerned with the uses and occupancy of structures. The magnitude of deflections is the main considering of serviceability. In the present study, the finite element method was used to find the instantaneous deflection of reinforced concrete two-way homogenous solid reinforced concrete slab which is experimentally tested by Piotr. Fully material nonlinearity for both concrete and rebar was conducted firstly by considering plastic deformation, yielding and cracking. Secondly nonlinear simplified cracking method was implemented according to ACI 318-05 Chapter nine. Finally the stiffness modifier method which is mentioned in Chapter ten of ACI 318-05 for immediate deflection was also used based on reducing the flexural rigidity of the slab by the ratio of 0.25 of the total rigidly. The present work was observed that the instantaneous deflection recorded throughout the precisely modeling finite element method is strongly underestimated at ultimate loading level. While, the nonlinear simplified cracking method gave a slightly overestimated immediate deflection value at same load level. Finally the stiffness modifier method significantly underestimated the immediate deflection at also ultimate load level. It only caught the experimental deflection values at load level of 32 kN/m2 when the rebar slightly over yielding.


The treatment of 137 cases of decompression sicknessis reviewed and the various routines used in treatment are compared. Special attention is paid to the recurrence rate after the initial treatment. Some suggestions are put forward for more efficient treatment, using methods other than the traditional stage system of decompression from fixed pressure levels


Mutations in the MTM1 gene cause X‐linked recessive myotubular myopathy (XLMTM; MIM310400). Myotubularin, the implicated protein, is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that belongs to a large protein family conserved through evolution that also includes the antiphosphatase Sbf1 and the protein hMTMR2 mutated in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 4B. Myotubularin is detectable in a variety of cell lines by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. We screened 29 independant patients with XLMTM phenotype and 4 with centronuclear myopathy. 87% (21/24) of patients with known MTM1 mutations showed abnormal myotubularin levels, including some with missense mutations. Moreover, myotubularin was also undetectable in a patient for whom no mutation could be identified by SSCP screening. The centronuclear cases investigated have a normal level of protein, suggesting that the centronuclear form is not the result of a decrease in myotubularin level. Thus, immunoprecipitation of myotubularin from cultured cells represents a rapid and helpful method for classifying those cases where no mutation was found. On the other hand, the amount of expression may be of diagnostic value for disease course in patients with a mutation.


We consider two aspects of the action of the extended metaplectic representation of the group G of affine, measure and orientation preserving maps of the time-frequency plane on L2 functions on the line. On the one hand, we list, up to equivalence, all possible reproducing formulas that arise by restricting the representation to connected Lie subgroups of G. On the other hand, we describe, in terms of Weyl calculus, the commutative von Neumann algebras generated by restriction to one-parameter subgroups.


A surgical guidance system is disclosed that allows for real-time imaging and patient monitoring during a surgical procedure. The system can include an MRI system for generating real-time images of the patient while surgery is being performed. Prior to surgery, a surgical plan can be created using a planning interface. A control unit receives the real-time image data and the surgical plan, and monitors the image data based on parameters included in the surgical plan. The control-unit monitoring occurs in real-time while the surgical procedure is being performed. The control unit can detect deviations from the surgical plan and/or high-risk patient conditions and instruct an alert unit to issue an alert based on the detected conditions.


The "Pin-loc" graft joining method, recently submitted by its originator for U. S. Patent, was compared with conventional cleft joining used for cutting grafts of Rosa. The number of suc cessful grafts and later growth of these grafted plants were equal when the two joining methods were compared. Pins made from stainless steel wire and inserted into splice cut stem centers supplied the internal splitting of the pin-loc grafts. These metallic pins, which remained in the grafted plants, caused no apparent injury to growth during the 22 months of this test. Pin-loc grafting is of special interest because the operations involved can be mechanized more easily than formerly used graft fittings. Suit ability of various grafting procedures for mech anization was reviewed with some consideration of designing mechanical grafting tools for gen eral nursery propagation.


On 11 January 1988, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan) promulgated the Law of Assembly and Procession during Mobilization to Suppress Disorder (hereinafter the ROC Assembly Law or Law of Assembly) to pave the way for the eventual democratization of Taiwan. For the first time in Taiwan's history, the police were given detailed administrative regulations to guide their discretion in managing public demonstrations, and citizens were provided with concrete legal provisions to protect their assembly rights.


An integrated time measurement unit for use in portable, low power laser rangefinding devices is described. It is implemented with 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and has a measurement range of 10 us and an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.2 ns over the temperature range 0...60/spl deg/C and supply voltage range 4.5...5.5 V. Single shot time measurement resolution is /spl plusmn/0.9 ns. Nominal current consumption is 3 mA.<<ETX>>


Abstract Forecasts of time averages of 1–10 days in duration by an operational numerical weather prediction model are documented for the global 500 mb height field in spectral space. The error growth of this model is compared to the error growth in a simple idealized model. Useful forecast intervals for time averages are about twice the useful forecast intervals of instantaneous events. The skill of the forecasts for time averages can be increased still further by ignoring numerical weather prediction model forecasts of instantaneous events past certain stopping point. The window of useful forecast time, for the predictions of ten-day averages considered here, is approximately one week. The documented transient spectra have the largest values in the planetary scales, along with the largest variability. The error spectra grow from a relatively flat initial spectra to an asymptotic spectral shape similar to the transient spectra. The largest increase in error occurs on the initial day. Temporal variations i...


Robotic and computer assisted surgery are emerging fields, analogous to a baby taking its first steps. The need for robotic assisted or computer assisted guidance is quite intuitive: an image based pre-operative planning; minimal access surgery and increased accuracy of implant placement are some of the reasons why ''pioneering'' surgeons are entering these exciting fields. An expression of the growing interest in the field of robotic assisted surgery is the rising number of journals and books being published and the international societies studying them. Robotic assisted spine surgery is at its infancy. To date, only one commercial system is available (The SpineAssist  , Mazor surgical technologies, Caesarea, Israel)


The sheer quantity and diversity of measures of marital functioning reflect the complexity of marital relationships. This paper presents a conceptual/theoretical framework for organizing these measures according to the five core domains of marital functioning (marital quality, marital adjustment, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and intimacy) and those factors that influence these domains (relational, individual and external). The paper defines each of these core domains and influencing factors and discusses their complex interrelationship. For each domain and influencing factor, examples of popular measures that tap the construct or variable are highlighted and critically evaluated. The researcher, clinician, and student should find the framework presented in the paper helpful in terms of making sense of and selecting from the current proliferation of measures.


The causality preservation property (CPP) under output feedback transformations, a kind of closedness of causality under the transformations, is introduced as one of the basic system properties about a well-behaved system model. The causality of this paper is the one formulated as past-determinancy in the framework of the mathematical general systems theory. The paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for a general time system to possess the CPP under the output feedback transformations, and demonstrates the significance of the result by identifying the essential condition which makes a class of linear systems well-posed under the transformations. The paper also discusses the relationship between the feedback transformations and the system inverse transformation, the transformation by interchanging inputs and outputs of a given system. This is of real conceptual significance because it gives a new insight into the feedback transformation. Introducing the auxiliary systems which will be termed ...