The analytical expression for the compositional and temperature dependence of the energy gap in quaternary solid solutions Pb1-xCdxS1-ySey, obtained by Koguchi et al. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1989) 1170] has been discussed. Theoretical and experimental arguments have been adduced to prove the compositional dependence of the gap temperature coefficient, which had not been taken into account by Koguchi et al. Also concerns the refractive index compositional dependence.


To improve ash pond areas of thermal power plants for further construction of civil engineering structures in earthquake prone areas is a challenging task. Keeping this in view, the studies on dynamic response of pond ash reinforced with granular piles was taken up. The efficacy of using the stone-sand columns was experimentally investigated by conducting block resonance tests on the samples of pond ash obtained from a particular thermal power plant of India. The resonant frequency and maximum amplitude of vibration was recorded to evaluate dynamic elastic constants and damping ratio. Test results indicate that the addition of stone sand columns improves the dynamic response of pond ash significantly.


In this work, we concentrate on semi-empirical wave propagation modeling for macrocellular environments where the transmitter antenna is located quite above any surrounding buildings or vegetation. Also. focus on two-dimensional propagation along the great circle path between transmitter and receiver positions. Such methods are useful in flat and moderately undulating terrain as found in most inhabited areas.


The paper covers the Kazakh experience of the formation and evolution of the state assets management system. The author makes an analysis of the mechanisms for its effective functioning. The role of national and state holding companies in the implementation of economic stability is examined.


INTRODUCTION QUALITY OF BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS: IMPACT OF CUSTOMER-SUPPLIER DIFFERENCES Developing and managing long-term relationships with business partners (e.g., suppliers, channel partners, customers) is one of most important issues for organizations, customers and suppliers alike. Many scholars, both academic and practitioner, stress the importance of long-term relationships for an organization's long-term profitability and competitiveness (Anderson and Narus 1990). Of all the constructs that are associated in the scholarly work on long-term relationships, relationship quality is widely associated with defining the scope of longevity of business relationships. Relationship quality is viewed as an important precondition for the success of a long-term relationship (Ryu, Park & Min, 2007), and developing a high quality relationship is vital to both customer and supplier organizations. Much of the research investigating the antecedents of business-to-business relationship quality is dedicated to interdependence (Dwyer, Schurr & Oh, 1987), service quality (Grover, Cheon & Teng, 1996), future uncertainty (Han, Wilson & Dant, 1993), opportunistic behavior (Morgan and Hunt 1994), distributive and procedural fairness (Kumar, Scheer & Steenkamp, 1995), interaction frequency (Leuthesser, 1997), strategic objectives (Huntley, 2006), and expectation of relationship continuity (Johnson 1999). Researchers often assert the view that the quality of relationship between organizations is a function of social distance and cultural differences (Turnbull and Valla 1986; Smith and Barclay 1997). However, research investigating the role of inter-organizational differences in building strong business-to-business relationships surprisingly is limited in its scope (Homburg, Schneider & Fassnacht, 2003). Extant research on the consequences of similarities and differences follows two primary streams. The first stream focuses on interpersonal relationships, such as salesperson-customer and service employee-customer relationships (Homburg et al. 2003). This research stream operationalizes the similarities and differences through individual characteristics such as gender and age, and attitudes (Smith 1998); appearance, style, and socioeconomic status (Crosby, Evans & Cowles, 1990); and other general differences (Doney & Cannon, 1997). The second stream addresses the differences and similarities of inter-organizational relationships, such as buyer-seller relationships (e.g., Morgan & Hunt, 1994; Smith & Barclay, 1997) and marketing channel relationships (e.g., Anderson & Weitz, 1989). While investigating these relationships, researchers mainly explore differences relating to goal congruence (Anderson & Weitz, 1989; Bucklin & Sengupta, 1993; Smith & Barclay, 1997); governance structures and management philosophy (Bucklin & Sengupta, 1993); performance control systems (Smith & Barclay, 1997); shared ethical values (Morgan & Hunt, 1994); and national culture (Anderson & Weitz, 1989). None of the studies in either stream consider the impact of cultural and process management differences on relationship quality. One notable exception is the study by Homburg et al. (2003), which uses social identity theory to explain the effects of inter-organizational similarities on marketing channel relationships. However, this study assesses organizational similarity at the strategic level focusing on price positioning, quality positioning, and general orientation of marketing and sales decision-making. In summary, the research to date on the antecedents to relationship quality is limited to differences in the strategic focus of partners. As business relationships become more global, partners exhibit more disparate organizational cultures; differences in national culture or management philosophy alone do not sufficiently capture the extent of the cultural differences (Ashnai, Smirnova, Kouchtch, Yu, Barnes & Naude, 2009). …


This paper presents an event stratigraphy based on data documenting the history of vegetation cover, lake‐level changes and fire frequency, as well as volcanic eruptions, over the Last Glacial–early Holocene transition from a terrestrial sediment sequence recovered at Lake Accesa in Tuscany (north‐central Italy). On the basis of an age–depth model inferred from 13 radiocarbon dates and six tephra horizons, the Oldest Dryas–Bølling warming event was dated to ca. 14 560 cal. yr BP and the Younger Dryas event to ca. 12 700–11 650 cal. yr BP. Four sub‐millennial scale cooling phases were recognised from pollen data at ca. 14 300–14 200, 13 900–13 700, 13 400–13 100 and 11 350–11 150 cal. yr BP. The last three may be Mediterranean equivalents to the Older Dryas (GI‐1d), Intra‐Allerød (GI‐1b) and Preboreal Oscillation (PBO) cooling events defined from the GRIP ice‐core and indicate strong climatic linkages between the North Atlantic and Mediterranean areas during the last Termination. The first may correspond to Intra‐Bølling cold oscillations registered by various palaeoclimatic records in the North Atlantic region. The lake‐level record shows that the sub‐millennial scale climatic oscillations which punctuated the last deglaciation were associated in central Italy with different successive patterns of hydrological changes from the Bølling warming to the 8.2 ka cold reversal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The most important technology in the temperature measurement method using colored CCD is temperature calibrating. In order to obtain a stable calibration, there are many errors that must be ameliorated. These errors are analyzed and method is expounded to update them.


By a nation's economic growth we understand a sustained increase in its magnitude as an economic unit. Conversely, stagnation and decline can be defined as a sustained failure of the nation's economic magnitude to increase, or as its persistent decline.


Structures in the caudal diencephalon including the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) and the nuclei of the mammillary body (MB) occupy a strategic position in the crossroads of ascending and descending traffic between the brainstem and the limbic forebrain (septum/hippocampus). In this study we analyzed the phase relations of rhythmically discharging SUM/MB cells to hippocampal theta rhythm in urethane anesthetized rats with a dual aim of separating different functional types of SUM and MB neurons and characterizing their coupling to septohippocampal theta oscillators. We found that rhythmically firing neurons in the SUM/MB represent a functionally heterogeneous population of cells that are coupled with forebrain theta oscillators at different preferred phases. Based on their phase relations to hippocampal theta four groups of rhythmic SUM/MB cells were identified. Neurons of the first and second groups fired out‐of‐phase relative to each other and synchronously with the positive (8° ± 7) or negative peaks (−177° ± 7) of theta field activity in the hippocampus, recorded above the CA1 pyramidal layer. Cells of the other two groups, also forming out‐of‐phase counterparts, fired on the rising (97° ± 9) or falling segments (−97° ± 6) of CA1 theta waves. The peaks in the phase distribution histogram were well separated, and the empty zones between them were wider (40–70°) than those comprising the phase data for different groups. The variations of phase values for individual neurons, when tested during several theta epochs, did not exceed the range of a single group. Theta field potentials were also recorded in the SUM/MB and were advanced by one quarter of the cycle (79° ± 9, range 56–99°) relative to CA1 theta oscillations.


The invention provides a low-melting-point thermoplastic polyimide resin, a film containing the same and a preparation method. The well-defined structure of polyimide of the polyimide resin is changed by introducing a synthesized repeating unit structure having hexatomic rings and four methyl groups, and main chains contain flexible ether bonds, acetone bonds or biphenyl structures, so that the melting temperature of TPI is effectively reduced, the hot working temperature is lowered to be below 350 DEG C (325-350 DEG C), the glass transition temperature is kept to be above 232 DEG C, and meanwhile an obtained thermoplastic polyimide film still has excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength. The polyimide resin contains repeating units represented by the following formula (1) shown in the description, wherein X represents a monomer structure represented by the following formula (2) shown in the description.


To obtain the control law of finite\|horizon optimal tracking problems, the Riccati differential equation and the differential equation of the external driving function must be solved at first. The former is a nonlinear matrix differential equation and the latter is a linear time varying one. The precise integration method, which is based on the theory of analogy between structural mechanics and optimal control, can be employed to solve these differential equations precisely and efficiently. This method borrows ideas from the algorithm of computational structural mechanics. One distinguishing feature of the method is that great change of step\|size almost does not affect the precision of the numerical solution of Riccati differential equation. Another feature is that the linear time varying differential equation of the external driving function can also be solved by this method instead of the usual finite difference method. Both the process of implementing the precise integration and the numerical example are presented in this paper.


Assess the actual stress situation by electrical measuring test of prototypes in the Milford Proving Ground, Including four cylinder engine bend and torsion static test load 10 t, 17t ; Proving ground inland various pavement dynamic test, According to the static data analysis results, the stress mainly concentrated in the cab and carriages, there is also the location of the crack appears most, and each point in the dynamic test of dynamic load is large, dynamic stress is one of the largest in the washboard road test.


Assisted history matching procedures are usually implemented within an optimization procedure, where the goal is to minimize the object function, which is written in terms of the error between observed and simulated data. One of the problems of the process is that the objective function represented by a single value is not sufficient to express the complexity of the problem. The errors that are normally measured for each well and for all production rates and pressure are converted to a single value; usually the norm of all error vectors. If the problem is well behaved and the objective function quickly converges within a desired tolerance, this would not be a problem, but this is usually not the case for complex history matching processes, since it is very difficult to find a model (or a set of them) that matches with a reasonable tolerance the production profiles for every wells. This work proposes a new approach to deal simultaneously with several objective functions (for instance, well rates and pressure). The methodology follows a probabilistic approach where several simulation models are handled during the entire procedure. The initial step is to generate several simulation models by combining the most important uncertainties of the reservoir. Then, an iterative procedure is performed to iteratively change the reservoir attributes and filter the models that are closer to history data. This procedure encompass a re-characterization step, where the probability of the attributes are updated, global multipliers are applied and local changes are made around problematic wells in order to provide a set of model that yield production and pressure curves with better dispersion compared to history data for every well. The key point of the methodology is that for every iteration the errors of each model, well and objective function can be visualized in a very concise plot that is based on the normalized quadratic error of each curve. The plot clearly shows global and local problems of the set of simulation models, so it is a good indicator of the changes to be made in the next iteration. Another point to highlight is that the same type of iterative procedure is performed to integrate 4D seismic into the process. Thus, after selecting a set of models with a good representation of well history data the same iterative process is repeated to generate a new set of models that match 4D seismic data as well. Thus, the proposed methodology integrates 4D seismic and well history data to reduce uncertainties with a probabilistic approach. To validate the methodology an application is shown where it can be seen the gradual improvement achieved for the models along the iterations. Introduction The history matching is a well-known procedure used to calibrate reservoir simulation models with dynamic data, in order to improve reliability in the production predictions. The process is normally very complex, mainly due to three aspects: (1) the number of uncertain attributes to be changed in the process, (2) multiple possible solutions with similar quality (considering a deviation from the observed data) and (3) number of functions to be calibrated. To make the process viable, the number of uncertainties is reduced based on the knowledge of the problem and the results of a sensitivity analyses that can indicate the most relevant attributes. In this work, the most relevant uncertainties are the attributes that represent the spatial variation of reservoir properties (facies, porosity, permeability, net-to-gross ratio). These properties are combined with other attributes using a Discretized Latin Hypercube technique (called DLHG by Schiozer et al., 2014). The multiple solutions can be treated considering an uncertainty analysis combined with history matching process. Instead of using an optimization method to find the best solution, as typically done in history matching procedures, like illustrated per Maschio & Schiozer (2008), Bertolini & Schiozer (2011), Becerra et al (2011).The process, in this work, is treated differently. It starts with multiple possible scenarios (probabilistic approach) generated using the DLHG technique, then a reduction of scenarios is performed based on the quality of the solutions considering the difference from the observed data.


Arterial stenosis is a problem of immediate significance, as cardiovascular disease is the number one leading cause of death worldwide. Generally, the study of stenotic flow assumes a smooth, curved stenosis and artery. However, the real situation is unlikely to present an infinitely smooth-surfaced arterial stenosis. Here, the impact of surface roughness on the flow in an arterial stenosis was studied via a computational fluid dynamics analysis. A patient-specific geometry with a smooth surface was reconstructed, and a partially rough model was built by artificially adding random roughness only on the stenotic region of the smooth model. It was found that the flow was oscillatory downstream of the stenosis in the models. A slightly lower velocity near the wall and more oscillatory flows were observed due to the presence of the roughness in the stenotic region. However, the pressure distributions did not vary significantly between the smooth and rough models. The differences in the wall shear metrics were slight in the stenotic region and became larger in the downstream region of the models.


This study investigated how psychosocial aspects of disease affect the probability of achieving sustained remission in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explored the directionality of this relationship.


The study was carried out to assess the effect of diets fortified with Nigella sativa (NS), sesame (SS) seeds and high calcium (Ca) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Fifty six rats were randomized into 8 equal groups (n= 7) and housed individually in metal metabolic cages. Under ether anesthesia, group (1) was SHAM-operated and fed on basal diet, while the other 7 groups were bilaterally OVX-operated. Three weeks after ovariectomy, group (2) was fed on basal diet, while groups (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) were fed on experimental diets fortified with the following: 10% NS; 10% SS; 2% Ca; 10% NS+2% Ca and 10% SS+2°/0 Ca, respectively for 6 weeks. Group (8) was fed on basal diet and given orally Alendronate (anti-osteoporotic drug) in a daily dose of 3 mg/kg for 6 weeks. During feeding period, initial and final body weights of rats were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the last 24 hr urine samples were collected for estimating Ca, P, pyridinoline (PD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentrations. Rats were then euthanized by prolonged exposure to anesthetic ether. Blood samples were collected for estimating serum calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) levels. The uteri were dissected out and weighed. Femur bones also were dissected out and used for measurement and analysis of bone ash. The results showed that diets fortified with NS and SS and high calcium prevented the increase in body weight gain and the decrease in uterine weight induced by ovariectomy. These experimental diets normalized serum Ca, P, b-ALP and OC levels and decreased urinary excretion of Ca, P, PD and DPD. There were also significant increases in femur bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium content in bone ash. In conclusion, diets fortified with NS, SS and high calcium have a promising antiosteoporotic effect in OVX rats. The study recommends enrichment of the bakeries and food stuff with Nigella sativa and sesame seeds and eating meals rich in calcium such as dairy products (milk and yoghurt) may be beneficial for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women.


The background of this research is the textbook as a student's handbook is not able to construct the student's knowledge to find its own concept. Therefore, it is finally made a teaching material in the form of a constructivism-based module for integer material on the seventh grade of Public Junior High Scool 2 North Rao. The research aims to develop a valid and practical constructivism-based module. The type of the research is the expansion by using 4-D model. 4-D model consists of 4 expansions, i.e. 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, and 4) Disseminate. The research is only conducted into three stages, i.e. defining stage, designing stage, and developing stage. The validity test result of constructivism-based module of very valid criteria is 3.25. The practical test result of students shows that a very practical category is 82.87 %. It can be concluded that a constructivism-based module for integer material at seventh grade of Public Junior High School 2 North Rao is valid and practical.


Background: For the establishment and monitoring of the immune status, CD4 count is critical. Objectives: To determine the CD4 count range of apparently healthy Nigerians resident in Ilorin and compare with the national value. Methods: An automated blood analyzer was used to determine the full blood count and CD4 count. The percentage of CD4 count was derived by using other variables. Results: Of the 1205 participants, the reference CD4 count (percentage of CD4) range for adult was 400 to 1288 cells/mm3 (19%-48%) and for children was 582 to 3652 cells/mm3 (17%-50%). CD4 count and percentage of CD4 were significantly (P = .001) higher in females than in males, and the CD4 count declined significantly with increasing age (r = −.174, P ≤ .0001). The percentage of CD4 count shows less variation with age (r = −.051, P = .076). Adult residents of Ilorin had significantly lower absolute mean CD4 count (808 ± 260) than that of the national reference values of 847.0 ± 307.0 cells/mm3 (P = .001). Conclusion: We therefore advocate the use of CD4 count range derived in this study is lower than that of the national reference values.


Obtain images with different acquisition time during the live view image or video capture on (S10). Calculated from the image motion vector, and performs the moving object detected motion vector (step S12, S14) based. Moreover, the generation of the difference image from the image, and performs the moving object detection based on inter-frame difference (step S16, S18). Moving object detection result of the combination of the two types in order to detect a moving object (step S20). As a result, this makes a fast moving object can not be detected using the motion vector can be detected while maintaining accuracy of a slow moving object detection.


A letter from Naoji Yamagata to Mrs. Yost regarding her husband's arrival to Honolulu and an enclosed transcription of a recording of Yost's interview for a local radio station.


The appealing system for individuals has developed for several decades in UN and regional protection organs of human rights.The establishment and development of such a system is a breakthrough in traditional international law.It is proved that such a system represents the trend that the consciousness of principal part of individual rights is getting stronger and stronger.


With the development of education reform in China, the way of College English education has changed. The traditional English teaching mode has been unable to adapt to development of the society, because teachers do not uphold the people-oriented teaching philosophy. But Maslow's Humanistic Psychology can well promote the college English teaching and guide students to develop healthily. At present, there are various problems in English teaching in China's colleges and universities, and thus teachers should be peopleoriented to carry out innovative teaching methods in the course of teaching. This paper mainly focuses on the enlightenment of Maslow's Humanistic Psychology to college English education and then puts forward suggestions for problems in college English teaching combined with psychology.


This paper addresses the problem of the management of unmanned air vehicles flying in formation, in the presence of failures in the communication system or aircraft loss. The problem is solved representing the formation as an oriented graph, and a procedure based on shortest path theory provides the optimal solution for the information flow within the formation. When a failure occurs, the procedure runs again providing a sub-optimal solution, and formation geometry is changed according to pre-set reconfiguration maps. Formal definitions, such as the novel definition of Virtual Leader, and simulation results validate the methodology.


We derive a simple analytical model of the boundary layer induced by rotary tidal currents flowing over a horizontal bottom in the absence of strong vertical stratification, formulating explicit estimates of the shear velocity, dissipation, and friction factors relating inviscid velocity to bottom shear stress. Accordingly, these friction factors may be calibrated by an observed velocity profile through the rotary bottom boundary layer, thereby reducing the empiricism of existing depth averaged models of tidal hydraulics. We illustrate the procedure by analyzing measured M2 rotary current profiles on the outer Europeann shelf with good model accuracy; the local dissipation-based friction factor compares favorably with a global value based upon a calibrated numerical model of the northwest European shelf as well.


Significance We identified an innovative use for the technique of antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping to specifically target and down-regulate IgE receptor expression in mast cells. Exon skipping is typically used as part of personalized medicine, where a mutant exon is skipped after sequencing the patients' affected genes. Our approach, however, targets a nonmutated gene and an exon that is critical for surface IgE receptor expression. It does not require a personalized approach with genetic sequencing or multiple iterations of oligonucleotides that would require clinical trials. Furthermore, the diseases to be treated with this technology are ideal for local delivery of the oligonucleotides by aerosols or topical cream formulations. Allergic diseases are driven by activation of mast cells and release of mediators in response to IgE-directed antigens. However, there are no drugs currently available that can specifically down-regulate mast cell function in vivo when chronically administered. Here, we describe an innovative approach for targeting mast cells in vitro and in vivo using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping of the β-subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRIβ) to eliminate surface high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression and function, rendering mast cells unresponsive to IgE-mediated activation. As FcεRIβ expression is restricted to mast cells and basophils, this approach would selectively target these cell types. Given the success of exon skipping in clinical trials to treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we propose that exon skipping of FcεRIβ is a potential approach for mast cell-specific treatment of allergic diseases.


Central banks resorted to asset purchase programs to replace conventional policy measures, which became ineffective after interest rates approached the zero lower bound. We investigate their effects on financial markets and focus on heterogeneous transmission using a Bayesian structural vector autoregression analysis. Since financial markets react directly to policy announcements, we base our identification scheme on market surprises at the announcement time. We find evidence of a stimulating effect on the economy, declining government bond yields, increasing stock prices, increasing value-growth spread and a reduction in stress in corporate and sovereign debt markets after an asset purchase shock. We disentangle the effect among industry sectors and EMU countries and find that the effect is heterogeneous, with financial stocks and the economy of Southern European countries being the most positively affected.


For 5G mobile base station antenna at 28GHz band, a lens antenna is suitable because of a simple configuration, especially the lens thickness can be reduced by employing negative refractive index. In this paper, negative index lens antenna is designed for 5G base station application. Features of negative index lens are discussed by comparing a conventional dielectric lens antenna.


Abstract Informing the public about science: Is it an awful bore, or is it of critical importance to the survival of the world? This article is a review of literature that addresses this question. Most of the major research articles are reviewed and a bibliography is provided.


Fusion of petals to form a corolla tube is considered a key innovation contributing to the diversification of many flowering plant lineages. Corolla tube length often varies dramatically among species and is a major determinant of pollinator preference. However, our understanding of the developmental dynamics underlying corolla tube length variation is very limited. Here we examined corolla tube growth in the Mimulus lewisii species complex, an emerging model system for studying the developmental genetics and evo‐devo of pollinator‐associated floral traits. We compared developmental and cellular processes associated with corolla tube length variation among the bee‐pollinated M. lewisii, the hummingbird‐pollinated Mimulus verbenaceus, and the self‐pollinated Mimulus parishii. We found that in all three species, cell size is non‐uniformly distributed along the mature tube, with the longest cells just distal to the stamen insertion site. Differences in corolla tube length among the three species are not associated with processes of organogenesis or early development but are associated with variation in multiple processes occurring later in development, including the location and duration of cell division and cell elongation. The tube growth curves of the small‐flowered M. parishii and large‐flowered M. lewisii are essentially indistinguishable, except that M. parishii tubes stop growing earlier at a smaller size, suggesting a critical role of heterochrony in the shift from outcrossing to selfing. These results not only highlight the developmental process associated with corolla tube variation among species but also provide a baseline reference for future developmental genetic analyses of mutants or transgenic plants with altered corolla tube morphology in this emerging model system.


Historically, and to this day, people with disabilities have not been considered capable of determining their own needs. Instead, the general population has taken it upon themselves to dictate what accommodations they shall receive. This becomes particularly problematic for the deaf community when interacting with the criminal justice system, where a lack of communication is synonymous with a lack of justice. In this situation, the state should defer to the individual's understanding of their needs, or carry the burden of proving that another accommodation is equally effective. INTRODUCTION I. WHO ARE THE MEMBERS OF THE DEAF COMMUNITY? A. Variations of Sign Language as a Means of Communication for Deaf Individuals II. THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT III. WHAT IS THE DEAF EXPERIENCE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM LIKE? A. The Miranda Interpretation Problem


Thank you for downloading semantic structures advances in natural language processing. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this semantic structures advances in natural language processing, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Masked hearing thresholds of a beluga vocalization in four types of noise were measured during behavioral experiments with one beluga whale. In particular, propeller cavitation noise and bubbler system noise created by an icebreaker were studied and compared to naturally occurring icecracking noise and artificially created Gaussian white noise. Critical signal‐to‐noise ratios, at which each noise just masked the beluga vocalization, were used for ocean sound propagation analysis. A three‐point scenario was established involving the relative distances between a noise‐creating icebreaker, a vocalizing beluga whale, and a listening conspecific. Maskograms are color plots visualizing the two overlapping sound fields and indicating zones of masking around the noise source. Results are that propeller cavitation noise (source level 200 dB re:1 μPa at 1 m) has a maximum radius of masking of 23 km. Bubbler system noise (source level 190 dB re:1 μPa at 1 m) masks over 15 km. The masking zone around natural icecrack...


Fouling is a challenging, longstanding and costly problem affecting a variety of heat transfer applications in industry. Mathematical models that aim at capturing and predicting fouling trends in shell-and-tube heat exchangers typically focus on fouling inside the tubes, while fouling on the shell-side has generally been neglected. However, fouling deposition on the shell-side may be significant in practice, impairing heat transfer, increasing pressure drops and modifying flow paths. In this paper, a new model formulation is presented that enables capturing fouling on the shell-side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers including the effect of occlusion of the shell-side clearances. It is demonstrated by means of an industrial case study in a crude oil refinery application. The model, implemented in an advanced simulation environment, is fitted to plant data. It is shown to capture the complex thermal and hydraulic


Due to environmental changes for modern day children, the school nurses require specialized skills and knowledge to conduct their job. On top of being able to provide care for typical injuries, illnesses, and guidance for health, school nurses are required to provide psychological support to children fom differing domestic environments, aid children with developmental disorders, and support the child's guardians. The "Role of school nurses in care of children with developmental disorders, Part 1" intended to clarity the role of school nurses in supporting children with developmental disorders in schools because school nursing offices are often utilized to aid children with developmental disorders. Furthermore, interactions with children with developmental disorders are increasing and their needs require specialized knowledge


Background: Adjuvants with local anaesthetics prolong postoperative analgesia with early ambulation and lesser side effects. Here we compared fentanyl and buprenorphine as adjuvants to 0.5% ropivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB). Methods: Seventy-eight patients belonging to ASA physical status 1 or 2, aged 20–65 years, undergoing surgery for isolated hand and forearm injuries were divided randomly into three groups. Ultrasound-guided ABPB was performed with 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and 1ml of 0.9% saline (Group C) or 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and and 50 μg fentanyl (Group F) or 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and 300μg buprenorphine (Group B). The onset and duration of sensory and motor block and analgesia, total dose of rescue analgesic and haemodynamic parameters were measured. Results: In Group B, the mean time of onset of sensory and motor block was earlier than the other groups. The mean duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia was longest in Group B followed by Group F and then Group C (P< 0.05). The mean dose of rescue analgesic was higher in Group C compared to Group F and Group B (P< 0.001). The haemodynamic parameters were comparable in the three groups and no adverse effects were seen. Conclusion: Fentanyl or buprenorphine as adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in ABPB prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block and post operative analgesia. Ropivacine with buprenorphine had a short onset of sensory and motor block than Ropivacaine with fentanyl and Ropivacaine alone.


The present communication reports a case of dystocia due to uterine torsion in a pluriparous buffalo and its successful treatment using modified Schaffer's method followed by mutation.


This paper identifies factors or characteristics of which reliability is one, which comprise the quality of computer software. It then discusses their impact over the life of a software product, and describes a methodology for specifying them quantitatively, including them in system design, and measuring them during development. The methodology is still experimental, but is rapidly evolving toward application to all types of software. This paper emphasizes those factors of software quality which have greatest importance at the later stages of a software product's life.


This article presents an evaluation of Prony method estimation and its implementation considerations for surge comparison test application in turn insulation diagnostics for three-phase stator windings. Surge testing diagnostics compares recorded surge voltage signals of motor winding, and a diagnostic is then defined with a defined value of EAR (error area ratio), which evaluates the difference between signals to determine a turn insulation diagnostic. First, an overview of surge testing is presented. Next, the Prony method and the considerations for its implementation in surge testing are described. Then, a numerical simulation is used to define a simulated turn fault surge voltage signal, where its parameters can be obtained with Prony method estimation and compared with EAR to evaluate its performance. Lastly, recorded surge test signals from two tested motors are used to validate Prony method estimation application for surge test diagnostics, where twelve recorded surge signals for no-fault and fault conditions were analyzed. The summary results of the surge signals parameter estimation are presented in the results and discussion section.


Within the contemporary condition, turbulence that confronts architecture is no longer unpredictable weather patterns or wild beasts, but the unintended forces of a constantly connected digital infrastructure that demands constant attention. If, as Mark Wigley puts it, "architecture is always constructed in and against a storm" it is time for architecture to reevaluate its ability to separate us from a new storm—one that situates technology, global connectivity, human, non-human and composite users, and algorithmic architecture itself as new weather systems. Toward this end, this paper explores architecture's ability to mediate and produce algorithmic turbulence generated through image-based sensing of the built environment. Through a close reading of Le Corbusier's Urbanisme, we argue that for much of the 20th and the early part of the 21st century, cities have been designed to produce diagrams of smooth and homogeneous flows. However, distributed personal technologies produce virtual layers that unevenly map onto the city, resulting in turbulent forces that computational platforms aim to conceal behind a visual narrative of accuracy, cohesion, anticipation, and order. By focusing on SIFT algorithms and their ability to extract n-dimensional vectors from two-dimensional images, this research explores computational workflows that mobilize turbulence towards the production of indeterminate form. These forms demarcate a new kind of challenge for both architecture and the city, whereby a cultural appetite to deploy algorithms that produce a smooth and seamless image of the world comes hand in hand with the turbulent and disruptive autonomy of those very same algorithms. By revisiting Urbanisme, a new set of architectural objectives are established that contextualize SIFTs within an urban agenda.


Orbital myositis is a rare and relatively rapid‐onset disease, resulting in inflammation mainly of the single or multiple extraocular muscles, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been fully established.


The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) caused global pandemic and drastically affected the humankind. Mitochondrial mutations have been found to be associated with several respiratory diseases. Missense mutation and pathogenic mitochondrial variants might unveil the potential involvement of the mitochondrial genome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pathogenesis. The present study aims to elucidate the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, mitochondrial haplogroup, and energy metabolism in disease severity. The study was performed on 58 subjects comprising COVID‐19‐positive (n = 42) and negative (n = 16) individuals. COVID‐19‐positive subjects were further categorized into severe deceased (SD), severe recovered (SR), moderate (Mo), and mild (Mi) patients, while COVID‐19‐negative subjects were healthy control (HC) for the study. High throughput next‐generation sequencing was done to investigate mtDNA mutations and haplogroups. The computational approach was applied to study the effect of mtDNA mutations on protein secondary structure. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used for mtDNA copy number determination and mitochondrial function parameters were also analyzed. We found 15 mtDNA mutations in MT‐ND5, MT‐ND4, MT‐ND2, and MT‐COI genes uniquely associated with COVID‐19 severity affecting the secondary structure of proteins in COVID‐19‐positive subjects. Haplogroup analysis suggests that mtDNA haplogroups M3d1a and W3a1b might be potentially associated with COVID‐19 pathophysiology. The mitochondrial function parameters were significantly altered in severe patients (SD and SR; p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between mtDNA mutations and oxidative stress markers (p > 0.05). The study highlights the importance of mitochondrial reprogramming in COVID‐19 patients and may provide a feasible approach toward finding a path for therapeutic interventions to COVID‐19 disease.


S/VOLUME 10, NO. 2 The Fuzziness and the Flab: Some Solutions to Research Problems in Learning Disabilities S. Alan Cohen Scientists first delimit a real-world phenomenon. then they label it. Not so for special education researchers. They "inherit" such labels as LO, and then try to delimit (define) it. That's why LO diagnosis and treatment is so frustrating: In effect. the word existed before the reality. Instead of concentrating on manipulating behaviorally defined phenomena. most LO studies collect ex post facto data that correlate various factors with LO: and since LO is only a hypothetical construct. the entire exercise is a mind-boggling absurdity. Less emphasis on labels. etiologies. verbal constructs, and ex post facto research designs in favor of behavioral analysis and experimental designs that manipulate stimulus/feedback conditions would contribute to reducing professional fuzziness in LO clinical practice and research. Planning for Early Childhood Programs for Exceptional Children James J. Gallagher Two major educational trends for the past decade have intersected, and this conjunction needs the attention of special educators. These trends are: the rapid expansion of preschool programs for the handicapped, and the increased demand upon educators at all levels for systematic planning. Adoption of the proposed systematic planning model allows the user to do the following: (a) define the scope of the problem addressed; (b) identify alternative strategies to solve the problem: (c) choose explicit criteria for selection of strategy; (d) • detail the needed resources to carry out a strategy: and (e) plan for evaluation and accountability. Special educators need to learn the language of planning in order to take advantage of the virtues of this system. Two major problems remaining are that a long range plan, once stated. becomes inflexible, and that without budget control it becomes impractical. Nevertheless. current money shortages and lack of public confidence make it crucial that special education learn how to use these new tools effectively. Models in Special Education: Considerations and Cautions Ronald W. Schworm Cautions and considerations for developing and implementing instructional models for students with learning and behavioral problems are examined in view of the need for keeping students as close to the least restrictive alternative as possible. A scheme for assisting placement decisions is presented. outlining a vertical and horizontal organization which merges instructional models and administrative hierarchies. Cautions for making changes in instruction and considerations for implementing new and modified practices within the public school setting are outlined. The Effect of Labeling of Special Education Students on the Perceptions of Contact versus Noncontact Normal Peers J. William Cook and Janet P. Wollersheim In a 2 x 3 factorial design. 1 50 seventhand eighth-grade Ss from three distinct contact conditions (i.e .. contact with EMR pupils. TMR pupils. and no contact) responded to a short sketch of a 12-year-old boy. Utilizing three dependent variables. half of the Ss rated the person described to them without a label present. while the other half of the Ss rated the identical sketch with the added information that the person attended special education classes for the mentally retarded. Results revealed both a significant labeling effect and a significant label x contact interaction for all three dependent variables. Additional analyses led to the conclusion that a label tends to be evaluated realistically and suggest that it is not contact per se. but the quality of that contact which is important in predicting Ss' responses toward the


The aim of our work is the implementation of a new approach for the dependability enhancement of a HDPE reactor (Skikda CP2K petrochemical plant) based on automated HAZOP analysis system including the digitization and automatization of the industrial system reliability analysis. After the system description, we present briefly the principle of the automated method. The system analysis in degraded mode is realized by the use of HAZOP method. This automated analysis brings out the different deviations of the all system in the CP2K plant operating parameters (Pressure, Flow, and Temperature). Possible causes of these deviations, their consequences and preventive actions are identified. The result is risks minimization and dependability enhancement of the considered system.


Method for evaluating images in a multispectral camera, digital multispectral image data being transmitted from an image sensor unit of the multispectral camera to a processing unit of the multispectral camera and a color histogram being generated in the HSV color space for each pixel of a digital multispectral image generated by the image sensor unit, characterized in that the brightness values of the individual pixels are scaled and a database-aided determination and marking of the transition points between a target object and the background is performed, wherein calculating a set of difference values of the color and texture of the pixel to be examined and the mean color and texture of a number of pixels relative to the pixel to be examined in the same row / column respectively before / above and behind / directly adjacent pixels, the color being marked is characterized by the averages of hue, saturation, and brightness, and the texture is characterized by the standard deviations of hue, chroma, and brightness, and where for the determination of target objects row-wise / column-wise two arranged in a row / column by a predefinable ...


The invention discloses a cloth fabric reinforcement composite pipe. The cloth fabric reinforcement composite pipe comprises an inner pipe, a fabric cloth layer and an outer pipe from inside to outside in sequence, the fabric cloth layer comprises fabric cloth which is winded around the outer circumferential face of the inner pipe, the fabric cloth layer is pasted with the outer circumferential face and the outer circumferential face of the outer pipe through hot melt glue. Due to the fact that the composite pipe comprises the fabric cloth layer, pressure level of the composite pipe is enhanced, and therefore the cloth fabric reinforcement composite pipe can be applied to different fields.


Based on the reasonable simplification of the actual structure,the finite element model of the marine power generation steam turbine rotor was built. The modal analysis of the rotor was done,the unbalance response of rotor model and the rotor model containing defects were calculated. The result shows that the modeling of the rotor is reasonable and the rotor structure is good in stiffness. And the vibration amplitude is not obvious at the first or second disk when the rotor model contains one or two blades missed. With the increase of the number of blades broke off,the vibration amplitude increases very quickly. The result can provide basic data for the fault diagnosis,and it is of great significance for prolonging the life of the rotor and ensuring its safe and reliable operation.


This work was conducted to determine whether the physiological quality of seeds could be rapidly evaluated using the potassium leakage test, which was correlated with other measurements of seed vigour. Four lots each of two cultivars (IAC-8 and IAC-15) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds were evaluated for percentage germination, first count, accelerated aging, classification of seedling vigour, tetrazolium, and field seedling emergence tests. In addition, studies on potassium leakage were conducted with samples of selected nondamaged and pure seeds. The amount of potassium leakage was evaluated in a flame photometer after 60, 90, and 120 min imbibition at 30°C. The results confirmed that evaluations of pure seeds (without previous selection) at 90 min were suitable for the identification of soybean seed lots with different levels of vigour and field emergence potential, thus providing a simple and rapid method for vigour evaluation.


An optical receiver (3) for receiving an optical signal that transmits a first data signal and a second data signal, including: a front-end unit (20) configured to generate a digital signal that represents the optical signal, a detecting unit (31) configured to detect a state of the optical signal by using the digital signal and output state information that represents the state of the optical signal; a state control unit (32) configured to control the digital signal on the basis of the state information in order to recover the first data signal; and a recovery unit (34) configured to recover the second data signal on the basis of the state information.


An independent executive agency set up according to law is a brand new attempt in Taiwan's constitutional framework. It is relatively independent from the Executive Yuan. Taking the current constitutional, political deadlock between executive and legislative powers and the innate incompatibility between independent executive agencies and principles of separation of powers, politics of accountability and administrative unity into consideration, the establishment of independent executive agencies would be likely to bring up more constitutional difficulties and political turmoil. Based on these understanding, this thesis holds not only a strict, but also cautious manner toward the establishment of independent executive agencies. After carefully examining the purpose of forming an independent executive agency, this thesis categorizes independent executive agencies by "the necessity of establishment". The "absolutely inadequate" category contains those dealing with matters involving the core areas of administrative unity under the Executive Yuan (including the fundamental administrative business of the Executive Yuan, and policy-integrating agency) and President's power on national security policy. Any independent executive agency set up to deal with these matters is unconstitutional. On the other hand, the other "admittable" category can be further divided into "the standard" and "the non-standard" independent executive agencies according to the appropriateness of establishment. The standard independent executive agency, also the most fit one as an independent executive agency, shall meet the following requirements: (i) the regulation of human rights concerns the political participation of citizens; or(ii) the demand for political neutrality is much more stronger than other executive agencies; or (iii) the administrative business has less need of policy integration and cross-departments negotiation. The difference between the standard and the non-standard independent executive agencies lies in the level of independence of "authority" and "organization". To which level of independence of authority can an independence executive agency be is discussed through the following four parts. This thesis suggests that the core element of authority independence is the exclusion of the ad hoc instruction beforehand from the Executive Yuan . This kind of independence shall be possessed by both the standard and non-standard independent executive agencies on the subject of authority. The limitation of authority independence is the authority to propose a statute or a budgetary bill and the status to petition for an interpretation from the constitutional court, that is, no independent executive agencies may possess independence in this authority field. As to whether an independence executive can enjoy the power of the exclusion of ad hoc review in legality and propriety of the Executive Yuan, and the power of making general policy or drawing up statutes varies between different categories of independent executive agencies. The key issue on the part of the independence of the organization is the personnel appointment and removal power of an independent executive agency. The core areas of the executive power is more confirmed by the opposition between the executive power and the legislative power in the current Constitution and the J.Y.Interpretation No. 613. If the legislative power interferes with the personnel nomination of an independent executive agency, it will not only encroach on the core areas of the executive power but violate the principle of separation of powers, and will destroy the principle of politics of accountability and administrative unity and thus violate Article 56 of the Constitution. Hence, unless through the amendment of the Constitution or except the standard independent executive agencies, the Legislative Yuan can not by the operation of law possess the personnel consent power according to the interpretation of the Constitution. Since the core areas of the executive power may be encroached on because of no regulation regarding personnel removal currently, in order to ensure the independence of an independence executive agency, conferring the premier a restricted personnel removal power stipulated by law will be an acceptable scheme. Finally, the suspension rule in Article 4-II of the Public Functionaries Discipline Act is also reviewed in this thesis.


In anticipation of the increasing demand of wireless traffic, WiFi standardization efforts have recently focused on two key technologies for capacity improvement: multi-user MIMO and wider bandwidth. However, users experience heterogeneous channel orthogonality characteristics across sub-carriers in the same channel bandwidth, which prevents ideal multi-user gain. Moreover, frequency selectivity increases as bandwidth scales and correspondingly severely deteriorates multi-user MIMO performance. In this work, we consider the frequency selectivity of current and emerging WiFi channel bandwidths to optimize multi-user MIMO by dividing the occupied channel bandwidth into equally-sized sub-channels according to the level of frequency selectivity. In our selectivity-aware multi-user MIMO design, SAMU, each sub-channel is allocated according to the largest bandwidth that can be considered frequency-flat, and an optimal subset of users is chosen to serve in each sub-channel according to spatial orthogonality, achieving a significant performance improvement for all users in the network. Additionally, we propose a selectivity-aware very high throughput (SA-VHT) mode, which is based on and an extension to the existing IEEE 802.11ac standard. Over emulated and real indoor channels, even with minimal mobility, SAMU achieves as much as 80 percent throughput improvement compared to existing multi-user MIMO schemes, which could serve as a lower bound as bandwidth scales.


A method of determining a power delay profile corrected noise, the method comprising: determining a power delay profile (204); calculating a delay profile corrected noise power (206) using an estimate of the background polarized delruido power, the delay profile power and noise scaling factor; and caracterizadopor calculate an estimate of the position of the center of gravity (208) using the delay profile corrected potenciade noise.


Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are two highly useful hardware primitives to build up the root-of-trust for embedded devices in Internet-of-Things and Cyber-Physical System applications. These applications demand the primitives be lightweight, yet flexible. However, PUFs are designed to offer repetitive and instance-specific randomness, whereas TRNGs are expected to be invariably random. A challenging but thought-provoking problem from a hardware designer's perspective would be to design a circuit that serves the purpose of both PUF and TRNG depending on the exact requirement of the application. Here, we present a dual-mode PUF-TRNG design that utilises two different hardware-intrinsic properties, i.e., oscillatory metastability of Transition Effect Ring Oscillator (TERO) cell and propagation delay of a buffer within the cell to achieve this goal. A 48.62% reduction in area is accomplished due to the integration in comparison to separate instances of standalone PUFs/ TRNG designs, built from Programmable Delay Line (PDL) based Arbiter PUFs (APUFs) and TERO-TRNG. Our final design has a hardware footprint of 618 Look-Up Tables (LUTs) and 447 Flip-Flops (FFs). Furthermore, experimental analysis of the state-of-the-art modelling attacks, reliability attacks on the proposed PUF design shows a prediction accuracy of 55.37% and 50.14% respectively for 5.2M Challenge Response Pairs (CRPs). Additionally, the TRNG passes evaluation through National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800-22 and German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) Application Notes and Interpretation of the Scheme (AIS)-31 tests.


Issues of video bloggers' activities legal regulation from the viewpoint of the norms of Russian legislation are considered. An analysis of issues related to the legal registration of relations arising from the field of video blogging on the YouTube platform, as well as remuneration and regulation of funds for incoming bloggers, was carried out through the prism of labor, tax, and advertising legislation.


Zero-base budgeting (ZBB) was first introduced into public budgeting in U. S. A. in the 1970s, and then had certain influences on budgetary reforms of many other countries. Currently, ZBB has been adopted as the method of compiling governmental budgets in the department budget reform in China. In both the academic field and practice, the mainstream views ZBB as the best budgetary method. However, our analysis of the implementation of ZBB in America shows that ZBB has failed in the country. Upon our recent fieldwork in a provincial government experimenting ZBB, we find that the implementation of ZBB in China faces many difficulties and problems. Generally, ZBB has not been so much successful in China. Therefore, it would be worthy of thinking the following question: to reform China's budgetary process, is ZBB the best choice?


A colossal industrial and business center, knocked flat by unemployment, its factories and even its schools closing, decided to hold a World's Fair on the shore of Lake Michigan, with towers, high rides, exhibits, Chinese rickshaws, a midget village in which there was a midget wedding every day and other lively attractions, including whores and con men and fan dancers. There was a bit of gaiety, there was quite a lot of amoebic dysentery. Prosperity did not come back. Several millions of dollars were invested in vain by businessmen and politicians. If they could be quixotic, there was no reason why college students shouldn't be impractical too. And what was the most impractical of choices in somber, heavy, growling, low-brow Chicago? Why it was to be the representative of beauty, the interpreter of the human heart, the hero of ingenuity, playfulness, personal freedom, generosity, and love. I cannot even now say that this was a bad sort of crackpot to be. The difference between that time and this is that in the thirties


Satoshi Kitahara, Etsuyo Tamura, Takehiro Karaho and Yoko Kitagawa Tracheoesophageal anastomosis is a preventive surgical procedure that can be administered for the purpose of improving the quality of life (QOL) for those with continuous dysphagia. Lindeman's tracheoesophageal anastomosis is advantageous in that it facilitates the confirmation of recovery via videofluoroscopy and it is reversible operation. We report our experience with 67-year-old male patient who had been suffering with hypopharyngeal cancer at the T2N1 stage located from the left piriform sinus to the posterior cricoid. Lindeman's tracheoesophageal anastomosis was performed for continuous dysphagia after a partial pharyngo-laryngectomy. This method succeeded in the recovery of natural phonation. Voice was produced by means of false vocal folds.


Objective
To analyze the clinicopathological features sac of primary malignant tumors of lacrimal.

Methods
The clinical and pathologic data of 22 eyes of 22 patients with primary malignant tumors from lacrimal sac of Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
All cases received pathological examination of tumors after surgical excision. Among 12 cases(54.50%) of epithelial malignant tumor: there were squamous cell carcinoma in 5 cases(41.70%), inverted papilloma with malignant transformation in 2 cases(16.70%), undifferentiated carcinoma in 2 cases(16.70%), basal cell carcinoma in 1 case(8.33%), adenocarcinoma in 1 case(8.33%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma in 1 case(8.33%). Among 10 cases(45.50%)with nonepithelial malignant tumors: there were B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in 5 cases(50.00%), malignant melanoma in 3 cases(30.00%), lacrimal sac leiomyosarcoma in 1 case(10.00%) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in 1 case(10.00%).

Conclusion
Most malignant lacrimal tumors are squamous cell carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and malignant melanoma.

Key words:
Lacrimal apparatus diseases; Carcinoma, squamous cell; Carcinoma, basal cell; Lymphoma mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue


In this second instalment of Paramedic Roles, Rachel Hodgett shares what a day in the life of a prison paramedic looks like, alongside what led her there, and the job's unique challenges and rewards.


Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and toluidine blue (TB) were incorporated in polyion complex membrane composed of double stranded DNA(dsDNA) and chitosan prepared on the surface of an glassy carbon (GC) disk electrode to fabricate highly sensitive and selective reagentless H2O2 biosensor. The embedded-TB in the DNA/chitosan membrane exhibited excellent electrochemical redox property with an electron transfer rate constant of 3.12 ± 0.5 sec−1, and shuttled electron effectively from the base GC electrode to catalytic center of the HRP. Under the applied potential of -0.22V (versus Ag/AgCl) and pH 7.0, the resulting electrode (HRP/DNA–TB/chitosan/GCE) exhibited rapid (<10 s) and sensitive response to H2O2. The calibration curve of H2O2, plotting steady-state cathodic current versus H2O2 concentration, was linear up to 0.1mM with a detection limit of 1 μM H2O2 (S/N = 3). The H2O2 response was scarcely interfered by ascorbic acid and uric acid, which potentially reduce oxidized intermediate of the HRP and interfere with the response of peroxidase-based electrodes.


The collection, recycling and sale of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) – or e-waste – are part of the so-called "urban mining" and have been occurring according to different technical-normative conditions, which impact the environment, society and the economy in different ways, especially in the urban spaces of the Global South. This article establishes a comparative analysis of urban mining in the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis (Brazil) and the Greater Accra Region (Ghana) through exploratory qualitative research. The results reveal a broad spectrum of actor-network arrangements established in the universe of e-waste, also confirming the relevance of political economy for understanding the technical and regulatory aspects of recycling in different geographical contexts.


source management involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people who work for the organization&dquo; (Fisher, Schoenfeldt and Shaw, 1993: 5). At its most basic economic level, this employment relationship involves an exchange of wages for services rendered. However, the management-employee relationship is usually much more complex than the mere selling of one's services to an employer. Employees and managers work together to improve productivity in a variety of ways; some organizations operate in a traditional command and control environment, while others develop a


The aim of this study was to observe and record the changes in behaviors and performance of Japanese quails "Coturnix japonica" due to circadian rhythms and different light duration. A total of 220 Japanese quail chicks were used and distributed to two experiments (the circadian rhythms (100 birds) and the lighting duration study (120 birds). The behaviors were recorded by direct observation and video recording. The results showed significant differences in the most recorded behaviors among the different day times, especially in video recording. The ingestive and kinetic behaviors were significantly higher at morning, while the resting behavior was the highest in mid-day. Comfort behavior was significantly lower at morning than other times. The light duration had significant effects on ingestive and kinetic behaviors. It was highest in 24 hours of light duration. While, the dust-bathing was significantly higher in 14 (2.9) than 24 hours of light duration (1.74). Quails growth performance did not reveal significant differences between quails kept in 14 and 24 hours of light duration. It was concluded that, the quails on different day times and lighting duration showed significant difference on the normal behavior.


The issue of the journal 'Praesens' in which this article was published was themed, 'In focus: Gender Embodied'. The article reviewed the Budapest Autumn Festival's Public Art Symposium and the Festival exhibition, 'Moscow Square/Gravitation', and was informed by Bodor's research into Public Art in 2003. It was published in print in Hungarian, English and German. Bodor then presented some of the issues that she had raised in the article at a two-day international symposium, 'Art: What Is It Good For?' curated by Tracey Warr and Roddy Hunter, Dartington College of Arts, May 2004. The article also led to a commissioned catalogue essay, 'Idojaror. A nepi hallgato'/'Time Patrol. The Populist Listener', for the exhibition 'Moscow Square/Gravitation', organised by Ludwig Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art Budapest (16 May – 29 June 2003). The exhibition comprised international commissioned art works (Carey Young; Bik Van Der Pol; San Keller and many more) for Moscow Square in Budapest. Bodor's catalogue text was co-authored with Bea Hock and published in both Hungarian and English.


The effect of heat treatment on corrosion of C45 mild steel coated with WC-Co-Al 2 O 3 cermet composite were examined. The cermet coatings (CC) were produced by electrospark deposition (ESD) technology. The content of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) was changed between 5 and 15 wt.%. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed for the observation the surface of materials. The structure of coatings were depended from the composition of electrospark electrodes. A metallurgical bonding between the coating and substrate was obtained. Thermogravimetric measurements showed a significant effect of Al 2 O 3 content on the increase of resistance to chemical corrosion of the substrate. Additionally, heat treatment of the tested coatings were made for a temperature of 400 or 800 0 C. Heat treatment at 400 0 C of WC-Co-Al 2 O 3 cermet coatings does not affect the structure of the tested coatings. On the other hand, after heat treatment at 800 0 C of WC-Co-Al 2 O 3 coatings lose their anti-corrosive properties. Therefore, the chemical corrosion rate of C45 mild steel coated with WC-5Co-15Al 2 O 3 coating increases more than four times compared to the material of the same specimen treated at 400 0 C.


Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is a promising nanofiller with a cubic inorganic framework and optional organic functional groups. In this work, organosilica–POSS mixed matrix membranes...


British soldiers and colonial militia men in the late eighteenth century show that the former were 3.5 inches shorter. If the British males were malnourished, what of the dietary needs of pregnant and lactating British females? The consequences for the population's health were serious. And were women as well as men part of the population smoking 1 lb of tobacco per annum (pp. 78-9)? Shammas's findings will contribute to the current debate about the working lives of women in the early modern period. If waged households were already consumer units rather than units of production by the seventeenth century, then this period was not the watershed which Alice Clark claimed it was. Poorer women were more likely to be in the labour force earning some of the cash that their household required than in producing food. Since their pay, and that of their children, was always lower than that of male workers, women and their children provided a cheap source of labour. The book is lucidly written, clearly set out and has copious footnotes. Minor criticisms of the production: a bibliography would have been useful, and the index could be more detailed. However, individual readers will find many different themes to interest them. It is a book that should appeal to a wide audience. PATRICIA CRAWFORD The University of Western Australia


Wind turbines can be classified into different categories based on the power output: large (>1 MW), medium (40 kW–1 MW) and small (<40 kW) (Spera et al. 1994). Typically, Micro wind turbines have a power rated between 0.4 and 2.5 kW ( Makkawi et al. 2009) and are located where the power is required (Peackock et al. 2007) On-site power generation from micro wind turbines properly located on roof tops can supply carbon free energy whenever it is needed, thus decreasing our dependence on fossil fuel, and helping to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the viability of micro wind turbines as a potential power source for domestic energy needs is still hindered by i) the unfavourable characteristics of urban wind such as high turbulent flow and low velocity, and ii) the limited output of micro wind turbines. Since the performance of micro wind turbines is influenced by the wind characteristics of a suburban topology, it is important to study the location and conditions where micro wind turbines should best be placed. An increase in wind speed across the turbine rotor significantly increases the power output, so encasing micro wind turbines inside ducts increases the mass flow rate drawn into the turbine which generates an output power typically 2 times higher than conventional wind turbines. Moreover, the wind speed can be further enhanced by adjusting the duct geometry with diffuser shaped ducts. Diffuser-shaped ducts have been experimentally proven to increase the performance of micro wind turbines. Despite this, only limited computational work with simplified turbine geometries has been undertaken.


Micro machined sensors for the 2-D measurement of air flow magnitude and direction achieve very high sensitivity. The housing required for the protection of the sensor membrane greatly reduces the sensitivity for low velocities and induces deformation of the angle response. The first critical design factor is the gap height between the sensor surface and the protecting cover plate. The second is the layout of the necessary mounting bars to hold the cover. Several laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate and compare the influence of these factors. Best results were achieved by replacing the initial four needles holding the cover with a high number of wedge-shaped fins. The final sensor with improved housing was able to measure air flow in cooled fruit warehouses between 0.1 and 2 m/s with a 2% deviation from an ideal sinusoid angle dependency.


Dario Fo needs no introduction, though he is less well known for his work as a critical theorist of theatre than in his role as a playwright. The original Theatre Quarterly was the first journal to publish his critical writing in English, and two of his more recent essays-'Theatre of Situation' and 'Retrieving the Past. Exposing the Present' - appeared in one of the earliest issues of New Theatre Quarterly. NTQ2 (1985). Here, we are pleased to publish Fo's brief but stimulating study of the conventions and the 'language' of theatrical masks, in which he outlines typologies stretching from Ancient Greece to commedia and beyond, and suggests some of the distinctive requirements for the contemporary actor of performing in mask. The translation is by Gail Macdonald.


Objectives The aim of the study was to examine how probiotic supplements affect the corrosion stability of orthodontic archwires made of nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi). Materials and Methods NiTi archwires (0.508x0.508 and having the length of 2.5 cm) were tested. The archwires (composition Ni=50.4%, Ti=49.6%) were uncoated, nitrified and rhodium coated. Surface microgeometry was observed by using scanning electron microscope and surface roughness was measured by profilometer through these variables: roughness average, maximum height and maximum roughness depth. Corrosion was examined by electrochemical method of cyclic polarisation. Results Rhodium coated alloy in saliva has significantly higher general corrosion in saliva than nitrified alloy and uncoated alloy, with large effect size (p=0.027; η2=0.700). In the presence of probiotics, the result was even more pronounced (p<0.001; η2=0.936). Probiotic supplement increases general and localised corrosion of rhodium coated archwire and slightly decreases general corrosion and increases localised corrosion in uncoated archwire, while in the case of nitrified archwire the probability of corrosion is very low. The differences in surface roughness between NiTi wires before corrosion are not significant. Exposure to saliva decreases roughness average in rhodium coated wire (p=0.015; η2=0.501). Media do not significantly influence surface microgeometry in nitrified and uncoated wires. Conclusion Probiotic supplement affects corrosion depending on the type of coating of the NiTi archwire. It increases general corrosion of rhodium coated wire and causes localised corrosion of uncoated and rhodium coated archwire. Probiotic supplement does not have greater influence on surface roughness compared to that of saliva.


A product of the reaction of SF{sub 6} with a solvated electron in an alcohol (presumably SF{sub 5}{sup {sm_bullet}}) reacts with an aromatic solute molecule such as anthracene, perylene, naphthalene, or hexamethylbenzene to form aromatic radical cations. This reaction depends on both the ionization potential of the aromatic solute molecule and the polarity of the solvent. The rates of these reactions are (except for naphthalene) in the range of (1-10) x 10{sup 9} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1}. The reaction of the aromatic molecule (except for naphthalene) with SF{sub 5}{sup {sm_bullet}} appears to have two pathways, one of which leads to the radical cation and a second that forms an undetermined product. 24 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.


Two cases of persistent left fifth aortic arch forming a congenital double lumen aortic arch have been confirmed at necropsy. In the first case, the diagnosis was suspected during life after aortography. An unusual vessel ran inferior and parallel to the aortic arch from the innominate artery to the left subclavian artery. It lay superior to the pulmonary artery. Both cases were associated with other cardiovascular anomalies. The first case had a persistent ductus arteriosus, and a small membranous ventricular septal defect; the second, coarctation of the aorta, persistent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, and a single right coronary artery.


This paper presents A novel structure of reduced switch multi-level voltage source inverter. The proposed topology use minimum number of switching device and voltage source to produce 9-level output voltage with less total harmonics distortion (THD). The gate pulses are generated using sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique (SPWM) to turn on the semiconductor devices. Based on the switching strategy the the proposed model is able to developed 9-level (0, ±Vdc/2, ±Vdc, ±3Vdc/2, ±2Vdc) output voltage. The simulation is performed on MATLAB/Simulink environment for reduced switch 9-level VSI, the converter is tested on resistive and inductive load. Based on simulation result the proposed technique is recommended for good performance in term of total harmonics distortion and cost of overall system.


This is the first modern flora to provide a comprehensive description of all known species and varieties of moss in the Antarctic biome. It complements The liverwort flora of Antarctica (Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000), so that now Antarctica can boast the best bryophyte floras of anywhere in the world. A beautiful, self-contained account of what is the major component of the Antarctic flora, this book represents the culmination of many years of meticulous research and extensive fieldwork. The authors' intimate knowledge of the Antarctic biome and of mosses shines through: Ryszard Ochyra is a renowned moss taxonomist; Halina Bednarek-Ochyra is a renowned illustrator and bryophyte taxonomist; and Ronald I. Lewis Smith, until recently a senior ecologist with the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, has worked extensively on cryptogam research in Antarctica for over 40 years.

Prior to the publication of this volume, identification of Antarctic mosses was often marred by nomenclatural inaccuracies in the literature and misdeterminations of specimens. Similarly, information on the biogeographic zones, environment and moss-dominated communities of the Antarctic could only be obtained by delving into numerous original papers in many journals, often difficult to access. This work now fills a major lacuna not only in bryology but also in plant science as a whole, by accompanying what is a coherent and comprehensive moss flora with extensive information on the biogeography, ecological provinces, climate, geology and vegetation of the Antarctic biome.

Bryophytes, and in particular mosses, are the dominant component of the vegetation in ice-free coastal regions of Antarctica. Thus an understanding and appreciation of mosses, their diversity and distribution, is fundamental in any assessment of the effects of climate change in Antarctica. The importance of mosses as model organisms to study the effects of environmental stresses such as cold and water stress (not to mention the impact of changes in natural UV-B radiation as a result of ozone depletion) on land plants is well established and has received a further boost recently with the sequencing of the Physcomitrella genome. Reliable and comprehensive information on Antarctic mosses is also indispensable for any conservation strategy to protect the fragile ecosystems of the Antarctic biome, threatened not only by the changing climate but also by socio-economic pressures, including ever-increasing tourism.

The flora describes in detail 111 species and two varieties of mosses in 55 genera from 17 families. It comprises six chapters, together with a glossary of terms and an exhaustive bibliography. Chapters 1 to 5 form an extensive introduction: Chapter 1 includes sections on the biogeography, climate and geology of the Antarctic biome, Chapter 2 is dedicated to the history of muscological investigations in Antarctica, whilst Chapter 3 covers ecology and conservation. Chapter 4 focuses on diversity and phytogeography of the moss flora; it presents theories on the origins of the flora and includes 42 coloured plates illustrating the principal Antarctic moss-dominated communities. These lovely colour pictures and their legends provide important details of habitat features and how these influence the occurrence and development of moss communities (as discussed in Chapter 3). Chapter 5 discusses with clarity the aims and objectives of the work and provides guidance to users of the flora as well as listing comprehensive details of all the specimens examined. The systematic accounts of the taxa are given in Chapter 6; the keys are excellent, the detailed species descriptions are of the highest standard, and the same is true of the superb line drawings. These drawings are not only beautiful but also highly informative, and are provided for each of the species described. The additional comments, including notes on reproduction, habitat and distribution (both Antarctic and global), together with a discussion on diagnostic characters, peculiarities of morphology, taxonomic problems and possible sources of confusion during identification, are invaluable since Antarctic mosses are often environmentally modified and sterile.

Armed with this book and its companion volume, The liverwort flora of Antarctica (Bednarek-Ochyra et al., 2000), researchers visiting Antarctica (and with access to a microscope) should be confident that they will be able to identify correctly each and every bryophyte they encounter. This critical assessment of the diversity and biogeography of the Antarctic moss flora will also prove indispensable for other regions, particularly the cool-temperate and cold zones of the Southern Hemisphere, e.g. Tierra del Fuego and The Falklands, which lack modern regional moss floras.

In conclusion, this is a highly informative and practical book that will greatly benefit researchers undertaking applied and ecological research on the Antarctic bryoflora, as well as conservation organizations. The first five chapters are very readable and interesting and the systematic treatment of the taxa in Chapter 6 is of the highest standard. I cannot recommend this flora too highly.


The fractal was used in gas chromatography(GC) analysis to identify marine oil spill.In this method,the gas chromatographic curves were decomposed firstly into different scales by wavelet decomposition and then the fractal dimensions of each scale were calculated.At last,the Euclidean distance between the different spilled oil samples,which can reflect the similarity between two samples,were obtained on the basis of fractal dimensions.Therefore,the selection of spilled oil samples became feasible using this method.Comparing the analysis results of two spilled oil events,the results of our method can significantly identify the sample of oil spill.So,the fractal dimensions can show the difference of different chromatographic curves and our method is a supplemental way to reduce the identification range of oil samples,and should be a reliable factor to determine the source of oil spill.


AbstractA quasi-linear convective line with a trailing stratiform region developed during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) while being sampled by two airborne Doppler radars. The finescale reflectivity and Doppler velocities recorded by the radars documented the evolution of the convective line. Bands of positive and negative vertical vorticity oriented parallel to the convective line were resolved in the analysis. This type of structure has rarely been reported in the literature and appears to be a result of the tilting and subsequent stretching of ambient horizontal vorticity produced by the low-level wind shear vector with a significant along-line component. The radar analysis also documented the evolution of an embedded bow echo within the convective line. Embedded bow echoes have been documented for a number of years; however, a detailed analysis of their kinematic structure has not been previously reported in the literature. The counterrotating circulation patterns tha...


The bibliographic description,subject indexing and cataloging data update of Japanese journals were discussed in accordance with the format of MARC21 bibliographic data.


International differences in comparative costs can in principle be attributed to three kinds of forces: factor proportions, economies of scale, and relative efficiency. To take a specific example, the low relative price of certain services in less developed countries might be attributed to the fact that the services in question are not at all intensive in either physical or human capital (the factor proportions account), that economies of scale are unimportant in these services, or that LDCs are relatively efficient in producing these services (as compared to their efficiency in producing, say, manufactured products). While it is obvious that differences in relative efficiency can affect comparative costs (and trade patterns), economists have tended to emphasize the factor proportions theory and economies of scale in their explanations. Part of the reason for this emphasis is that the relative efficiency explanation is rather empty, unless one can come up with explanations for the patterns of relative efficiency. The present article attempts to address these issues by looking at some data on relative product prices in a sample of less developed countries (LDCs) and more developed countries (MDCs). The data are taken from the purchasing-power parities collected by the International Comparison Project.' In the course of the research project it was discovered that neither the factor proportions theory nor the economies of scale phenomenon could account for more than a rather small part of the observed variation in relative product prices. The research was then directed toward explaining the remaining variation in relative product prices by looking at some product characteristics that were thought to affect relative efficiency. There are many characteristics of goods that may be hypothesized to affect the relative efficiency of LDCs compared to MDCs. These


In order to identify the physical mechanisms behind the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), the time-dependent defect spectroscopy (TDDS) has been recently proposed. The TDDS takes advantage of the fact that in nano-scaled devices only a handful of defects are present. As a consequence, degradation and recovery proceed in discrete steps, each of them corresponding to a charge capture or emission event. By repeatedly applying stress and recovery conditions, the TDDS analyzes the statistical properties of these discrete events. The measurement window of the TDDS is very large, but the occurrence of random telegraph noise (RTN) at certain biases/temperatures can limit its applicability. We have developed an advanced data analysis method which can also deal with data contaminated by RTN. The algorithm is based on the combination of a bootstrapping technique and cumulative sum charts. A benefit of the new method is the possibility to detect steps in a large class of different signals with a feasible amount of parameters. Moreover, de-/trapping parameters of the random telegraph noise (RTN) become accessible as well.


In a relatively short time our view of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in behaviour, and in language in particular, has been revolutionized by recent research which suggests a sophisticated brain right hemisphere which is not "inferior" or "minor", but has its own specialized responsibilities for language processing. This book presents a cautious and critical review of developments and its application to concepts and treatment of aphasia. The arguments and evidence on the importance of the right hemisphere will be of interest to neuropsychologists and cognitive psychologists, while the implications for language, and particularly the special emphasis on the role of the right hemisphere in the recovery and treatment of aphasia, will interest clinical and cognitive psychologists, as well as speech pathologists and therapists.


The systems contained in the universe often have a large order. Thus, the mathematical model has many state variables that affect the computation time. In addition, generally not all variables are known, so estimations are needed to measure the magnitude of the system that cannot be measured directly. In this paper, we discuss the model reduction and estimation of state variables in the river system to measure the water level. The model reduction of a system is an approximation method of a system with a lower order without significant errors but has a dynamic behaviour that is similar to the original system. The Singular Perturbation Approximation method is one of the model reduction methods where all state variables of the equilibrium system are partitioned into fast and slow modes. Then, The Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate state variables of stochastic dynamic systems where estimations are computed by predicting state variables based on system dynamics and measurement data. Kalman filters are used to estimate state variables in the original system and reduced system. Then, we compare the estimation results of the state and computational time between the original and reduced system.


This paper presents method to discriminate between transient voltage stability and voltage sag. The discrete wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful tool in the analysis of the transient phenomena in power systems because of its ability to extract information in both the time and frequency domain. This paper introduces a technique for accurate discrimination by combining WTs with neural networks (NNs). The WT is first applied to decompose the signals into a series of detailed wavelet components. The wavelet components are calculated and then employed to train a NN. The simulated results presented clearly show that the proposed technique can accurately discriminate between transient voltage stability and voltage sag in power system protection.


Forindustrial equipments, apulse encoder isgenerally usedformeasurement ofaposition, buttheposition is notstable byquantization errors whichfluctuate between aresolution ofthepulse encoder. Forsolving this problem, this paper proposed theanalog clampcontroller that usestheanalog position measured withasensor. Inaddition, this paper proposes anoise reduction observer tocutthehighfrequency noise contained intheanalog signals. Effectiveness ofthe proposed observer isconfirmed bysomeexperiments. Recently intheindustrial sector, thedemandforhigh- speed andhigh-accuracy positioning control oftheindus- trial equipments suchasrobots andmachining centers, etc.hasbeenbecoming greater for reasontopromote pro- ductivity. Theservocontroller iswidely usedtoachieve high-speed positioning control inindustrial equipments. Fromthegenerality andthepastexperiences, theservo- controller isbasically constructed fromthePIDcontrol whichusespositions andvelocitys ofa motor,thus, itis promoting theshortening ofa sampling period andthe fine resolution application ofanencoder tosatisfy thede- mandsmentioned above. Thepositions usedtothepositioning controller ofthe industrial equipments areusually measured with apulse encoder, andthedifferences ofthemareusedinthecon- troller asthevelocity. Ifthepulse encoder signal isused as a position bythecontroller, itisbasically impossi- bleinpositioning between pulses, moreover itisdifficult toobtain thevelocity because theamountofthepulse whichchanges between thesampling periods reduces on approaching tothedesired value. Asaresult thevibration ofafewpulses whichiscalled alimit cycle occursatthe timeofpositioning. Itmay notseem this phenomenon is soserious problem because theresolution oftheencoder hasbeenadvancing, butitmay causetheresonanceifit iscorresponding tothecharacteristic frequency ofequip- menteven ifitisa minute vibration. Itissupposed the problem caused bythelimit cycle will increase inthefu- turebecause inthetendency oftheindustrial sector itis reducing thefriction generated intheactuating partfor high-accuracy control. Thelimit cycle problem hasexisted since theageof DC-servo motor,andthis problem hasbeensolved with amethodcalled astheanalog clampmethodwhichuses twoanalog sinusoidal signals, whicharetheoriginal sig- nalsoftheencoder. Because these analog signals, called phase A andphaseB,have90degrees phasedifference, theyareeasily abletoadapt intheordinary PIDcon- troller, andthis methodhasbeenveryeffective forthe


Various medical service research and assessment of satisfaction result in improved medical service quality and alternatives, as well as increased hospital management profitability. Under this background, each medical institution is focusing on marketing its services. For example, today is an environment where consumers can easily find medical institutions or get related coupons on the Internet or mobile. As a result, many people find and use medical institutions directly over the Internet, rather than through oral communication. Many consumers have easy access to medical services over the Internet, but on the other hand, they always visit the medical institution with uncertainty about them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the importance of relationship immersion to eliminate perceived uncertainty that may be a hindrance to the growth of medical services and to present strategies that can be based on the affective immersion and the calculative immersion. For this purpose, the hypothesis was established by considering prior research and social phenomena, and the survey was conducted by a specialized research company, and the subject was limited to medical service users. An analysis of the data collected to verify this was conducted through SPSS 24.0. When medical services were selected over the Internet, we wanted to find out whether the customer using them was aware of the perceived uncertainty about the medical service and the impact it had on the relationship immersion and re-use intention, and whether it was linked to re-use through relationship immersion. The results showed that perceived uncertainty affects the re-use intention, and that the relationship immersion plays an adjusting role in the re-use intention of medical services. While it is generally common for consumers to have some knowledge of the medical information available on the Internet and visit the medical institution, in fact, the communion with the medical staff is a more important factor in their re-use intention


The present invention relates to a portable extensometer holding means and methods of use. Threaded ends of the two locking rods are passed through the through holes of the push plate fixation plate is fixed, the two snap rod between the push plate and the fixing plate each have a spring sleeve, with one end of the connecting rod the push plate is fixed, the other end of the connecting rod of the fixation plate through the through hole and the nut is connected to one end of the transverse extensometer fixed within the framework of the holder, the other end of the extensometer contacts facing edges of two locking bars short serrated rod end. Use, hold the fixing plate and the push plate, so compressing the spring, when thrust is transmitted through the rod to the elongated locking the sample, so that the blade contacts the sample and the extensometer disengagement. Conversely, release the push plate spring extends, a clamping force is generated, the sample and the extensometer closely contacts the blade clamp. Features are: simple, done with one hand. Neutral to good, while the upper and lower clamping edges contacts, to ensure measurement accuracy. Non-skid; without prejudice to the extensometer.


The Epistle to the Hebrews has been and is the object of so much divergent theorizing in the history of modern exegesis that one is tempted to doubt whether any substantial agreement about it is possible, at least in the foreseeable future. A happy exception to this sad state of affairs is the rather general consensus on the literary genre of the "epistle". Inasmuch as the author of Hebrews himself says that his work is a X6yoq Tz'r x7apX?6?o s (xiii 22) 1), and inasmuch as this phrase denotes a homily in Acts xiii 15, the conclusion would seem to be that the "Epistle" to the Hebrews is basically a homily, with a few words attached at the end after the manner of a letter 2). For an understanding of the literary form of the epistle, then, it would seem advisable to study the form of the early homily. The most thorough discussion up to the present of the literary form of the homily with reference to Hebrews is that of HARTWIG THYEN, Der Stil der Jiidisch-Hellenistischen Homilie 3). It is THYEN's thesis that a number of Jewish and Christian writings in Greek in


ABSTRACT: Postmortem investigation is increasingly supported by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, in which postmortem minimal invasive angiography has become important. The newly introduced approach using an aqueous contrast agent solution provided excellent vessel visualization but was suspected to possibly cause tissue edema artifacts in histological investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate on a porcine heart model whether it is possible to influence the contrast agent distribution within the soft tissue by changing its viscosity by dissolving the contrast agent in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a matrix medium. High‐resolution CT scans after injection showed that viscosities above c. 15 mPa s (65% PEG) prevented a contrast agent distribution within the capillary bed of the left ventricular myocardium. Thereby, the precondition of edema artifacts could be reduced. Its minimal invasive application on human corpses needs to be further adapted as the flow resistance is expected to differ between different tissues.


i Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Postfledging survival of Spotted Towhees (Pipilo maculatus) near urban park edges: evidence for an ecological trap 7 Chapter 3: Habitat use of postfledging Spotted Towhees (Pipilo maculatus) in an urban park .........45 Chapter 4: Conclusions 69 References 73