Greenpeace's early work in the anti-sealing movement in the 1970s–1980s is a complex legacy for the organization to navigate. While Greenpeace Canada withdrew from the anti-sealing movement in 1986 and expressed regret for the impact of its actions on Inuit, the extent of the long-term damage caused by the anti-sealing movement, and Greenpeace's controversial track record in it, motivated Greenpeace Canada to articulate a more robust public apology to Canadian Inuit in 2014. This commentary outlines a case for Greenpeace to continue its path of reconciliation for activities undertaken during the anti-sealing movement and to apologize to the people of Newfoundland and Labrador. Particularly, the commentary calls for an apology to sealers, their families, and their communities, and to First Nations and Inuit people from the province, for Greenpeace's role in inflicting and promoting forms of violence, stigma, and cultural hatred, and in undermining Indigenous rights in the province.


Memories of my first weeks as a doctor remain vivid—elation at finally using six years' training, exhaustion from the nights, nervousness at unfamiliar situations, and new, bluffed attempts to project and inspire confidence.

Yes, it's August again, when new UK medical graduates hit the hospitals for their first paid jobs. My first year gave me fulfilled vocation, brutal hours, gallows humour, camaraderie, and two signed A4 sheets to submit for full General Medical Council registration.

Then I started my senior house officer job, aged 24, to do a week of 13 hour night shifts as the sole doctor in Manchester Royal's emergency department. I didn't meet a …


_Analyzes decision in Heidebrink v. Moriwaki. Concludes that a statement taken by an insurer is protected from discovery by the work product doctrine and that expectations of confidentiality deserve protection. _


Two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrays of vertically-aligned SiGe nanorods were successfully produced on (001)Si0.8Ge0.2 virtual substrates by using the polystyrene (PS) nanosphere lithography technique and selective metal-catalytic etching method. The diameter and site of the produced SiGe nanorods were controlled by the RIE-trimmed PS spheres mask used. TEM and electron diffraction analyses results clearly reveal that all the produced SiGe nanorods were perfectly single crystals and their axial orientations were along the [001] direction. TEM/EDS analysis further confirmed that the nanorods produced were pure SiGe nanorods.


The invention relates to a homeopathic remedy for prophylaxis against parasites and insect caused diseases, comprising: a) Ledum palustre in the form of a homeopathic dilution in an inert carrier material and b) at least one secretion from a parasite or parasites by sufferers in the form of a homeopathic dilution in an inert carrier material, and a method for producing such and the use of the agent for preventing infectious diseases, which are caused by the bite of ticks or mosquitoes.


(57) ABSTRACT According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a non-woven fabric that is excellent in bulkiness, flexibility, and feeling, in which less fibers drop out even in the case wherein the non-woven fabric is used for an application Such as clothing items and a wiping cloth in which a surface of a non-woven fabric is rubbed, that is, excellent in a lint-free property. A mixed continuous fiber non-woven fabric in accordance with the present invention is characterized by comprising a split continuous fiber and a crimped continuous fiber, and is preferably characterized in that a total amount of the crimped continuous fiber is in the range of 10 to 90% by weight (where a total weight of a split continuous fiber and a crimped con tinuous fiber is 100% by weight).


In this talk I first present a short review of fluctuations in e+e--annihilations. I then describe some new results on FD correlations. Experimental analyses of pp and L L correlations indicate a very small production radius. This result relies very strongly on comparisons with MC simulations. A study of the approximations and uncertainties in these simulations implies that it is premature to draw such a conclusion from the data.


This study examines how the team norm of information exchange and team information processing affects team performance. Data were collected from 354 project teams from software development companies in Thailand. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that team norms of information exchange (TNM) has a significant relationship with team information processing (PRO). Team information processing positively influences team performance (TPM). Software development organisations could adopt such norms and this team process to improve software development projects performance and recognise team processes, which is essential for long-term sustainability and competitiveness.


Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the position of Kampoeng Kepiting Ecotourism Tuban, Bali, Indonesia, through analysis of tourism area life cycle and to design a model for development and innovation of Kampoeng Kepiting Tuban Bali based on the study of attractions, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary component (4As).
Research methods: The primary data of this study are collected through involved observation and interviews. The secondary data for this study are from literature study and documentation.
Findings: Kampoeng Kepiting Ecotourism Tuban Bali was in stagnation phase. Efforts of development are needed so that the destination does not reach the decline phase. Development model consists of main elements, concentration elements and supporting elements.
Implications: The three elements are combined and form a development model of Kampoeng Kepiting Ecotourism Tuban Bali to overcome the stagnation phase so as not to reach the decline phase.


The concept of this book is taken from the feature called, " Ask the Joint Commission, " in the journal, Hospital Pharmacy, written by Darryl Rich, a pharmacist from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, who is an expert on this topic. The same question and answer format is used in Ask the Joint Commission: Understanding JCAHO Requirements for Hospital Pharmacies, which includes reviewed and updated questions and answers to reflect the Joint Commission's interpretation of these issues from 1993 to September 2002. The questions and answers are grouped by subject area: " General Accreditation, " which provides a general overview of Provision of Alternate-Site Pharmacy Services, " and " Miscellaneous. " The book also includes an appendix with contact information for state boards of pharmacy and other important organizations and agencies. Ask the Joint Commission: Understanding JCAHO Requirements for Hospital Pharmacies is well organized. When it is necessary to inquire about a specific topic, it was easy to find the question and answer relating to that topic by using the index. A great deal of information was provided using the question and answer format. The questions included are ones most commonly asked in the hospital when reviewing policies and procedures to ensure compliance. The responses provide sufficient detail to answer the questions posed. Often the same question was asked several times in different ways, so there was some repetition of questions and answers within the same subject heading and under other related subject headings in the book. Repetition of questions and answers was often helpful to truly clarify a complex question , though at times it was necessary to reread the same questions and answers to clarify what the author was actually saying. Some of the answers were lengthy and had the potential to be confusing. In conclusion, I found Ask the Joint Commission: Understanding JCAHO Requirements for Hospital Pharmacies to be a very helpful and comprehensive reference for a hospital pharmacist preparing for a JCAHO survey and to help answer questions that often arise to determine compliance to JCAHO standards. This reference also would be useful for physicians, nurses, pharmacy students, hospital administrators, and others preparing for a JCAHO survey or wanting to gain a better understanding of the interpretation of the medication use standards and compliance. An additional benefit in using this reference is that its focus is on medication-use safety and the prevention of …


We study the structure of a GARCH(p, q) sequence. We show that the conditional variance can be written as an infinite sum of the squares of the previous observations and that the representation is unique. We prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters of the GARCH(p, q) sequence under mild conditions.


A district autonomy as the consequence of UUD 1945 amendment, gives several authorities to the local government, and one of the autonomies is in politics. The local politic parties are expected to be able to apply the political autonomy, even though juridically its existence is still difficult to be conducted by the national party regulation in UU Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 (constitution number 2 year of 2008) about Political Party and UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 (constitution number 10 year of 2008) about Public Election. The focuses of this research are; first, what is the theoretical basis in creating the local political party in Indonesia as a united nation? Second, how is the concept of local political party that is relevantly applied in Indonesia as a united nation which is suitable with Indonesian constitutional substance? The method used in this research is the qualitative investigation of law material with the juridical approach which is completed by political approach. This research has concluded; first, the urge of local political party has presented in Indonesia, not only as the consequence of the realization of district autonomy, but also as the implementation of ideology federalism theory which is aimed as the existence guard of a country. Second, a local political party that can be developed in Indonesia, in the future, is a political party that has no relation with a national party, as it is a structure as well as in election. Key words : Local autonomy, unitarian state, local poltical party


ABSTRACT Sustainability is the paradigm of our time, yet its use as a guide to planning or decision making is clouded by its ambiguity and the multiplicity of definitions in use. In this paper we address the issue of how best to deal with the multi-faceted nature of sustainability. We outline each of the facets of sustainability that have been discussed in the literature, but suggest that most of them boil down to three basic concepts: environmental stability, intergenerational equity and economic efficiency. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to link the concept to practical actions and decisions. We argue that a multiple criteria decision making approach is the best solution to this problem. This is consistent with the use of "sustainability indicators," but such indicators need to be selected carefully to be relevant to the essential elements of sustainability.


Processes of emulsions formation at wells operation by various types of pumps and flowing in conditions of different watering of recoverable production are considered. The factors, accelerating the separation of emulsions, are established.


The antigen receptors ofB and Tlymphocytes are encoded in multiple germ-line DNA segents that are joined during lymphocyte development. The recombinationactivating proteins RAG-1 and RAG-2 are both essential for this process, termed V(D)J rearrangement. Phosphorylation of the RAG-2 protein at Thr-490 by one or more cyclin-dependent kinasesi is associated with its rapid degradation. In an immature B-cell line and in normal thymocytes, RAG-2 protein accumulates preferentially in the Go/G, phases of the cell cycle and declines by at least 20-fold before cells enter S phase. The amount of RAG-2 protein remains low throughout the S. G2, and M phases. The amount of RAG-1 protein shows considerably less fluctuation. The variation in RAG-2 protein is likely to be established, at least in part, by a posttranscriptional mechanism. These observations suggest that V(D)J rearrangement occurs entirely or preferentially within Go/G1. The antigen receptors ofB and T lymphocytes are encoded in multiple germ-line DNA segments that are joined during lymphocyte development (for review, see ref. 1). Assembly of antigen receptor genes, or variable-diversity-joining [V(D)J] rearrangement, is mediated by conserved DNA sequence elements and represents the only known example of sitespecific recombination in vertebrates. V(D)J recombination is normally restricted to immature lymphoid cells (2) but can be activated in nonlymphoid cells by the recombination-activating genes RAG-I and RAG-2 (3, 4). While the functions of RAG-I and RAG-2 are unknown, they apparently play an intimate role in antigen receptor gene assembly; in homozygous RAG-Ior RAG-2-deficient mice, functional B and T cells are absent, and V(D)J rearrangement is completely blocked (5, 6). V(D)J recombination involves formation of double-strand breaks (7-10) and is impaired by mutations in several genes that function in double-strand break repair, including scid (severe combined immune deficiency), xrs-6, XR-i, V-3, and XR-V9B (11, 12). In mammalian cells, duplex DNA damage induces a delay in the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle, allowing repair to occur before entry into S; the persistence of double-strand breaks in S phase has deleterious effects (13-15). The involvement of doublestrand DNA breakage in V(D)J rearrangement suggested that V(D)J recombination might be restricted to a particular cell cycle interval. Such control could be effected by regulation of either RAG-1 or RAG-2, because both proteins are required for V(D)J recombination. In a previous study we demonstrated an association between rapid degradation of the RAG-2 protein and its phosphorylation at Thr490 by one or more cyclin-dependent kinases (16). This observation led us to ask whether expression of RAG-2 is regulated in the cell cycle. We now show that in a progenitor B-cell line and in normal murine thymus, RAG-2 protein accumulates preferentially in the Go/Gj phases of the cell cycle. The amount of RAG-2 protein declines sharply before cells enter S phase and remains low throughout S, G2, and M. In comparison with RAG-2, the amount of RAG-1 protein shows significantly less cell cycle variation. The cell cycle-dependent fluctuation in the amount of RAG-2 protein is likely to be established, at least in part, by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Our observations imply that V(D)J rearrangement occurs preferentially or entirely within Go/G1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Elutriation of HAFFL-i Cells and Neonatal Thymocytes. HAFTL-1 cells (17) were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium/ 10% fetal bovine serum/50 AM 2-mercaptoethanol. Logarithmic-phase cells (109) were concentrated, suspended in 12 ml of elutriation medium [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/1% fetal bovine serum/1% glucose/30 mM Na2EDTA, pH 8.0] and loaded into a Beckman JE-6B rotor, which was maintained at 2400 rpm and 180C. Elutriation was done as described (18). Fractionated cells were collected by centrifugation and washed with PBS. Sixteen thymuses from 7-day C57BL/6 mice were crushed between two glass slides. Connective tissue was removed by passage through nylon mesh, and thymocytes were purified over a Ficoll-Paque gradient. Cells (1.5 x 108) were suspended in 10 ml of elutriation buffer, and elutriation was performed as described (18). Flow Cytometric Analysis of DNA Content. For flow cytometric analysis ofDNA content, cells were fixed overnight at 40C in 50%o ethanol and then stained in PBS/propidium iodide at 100 pg/ml/ribonuclease at 10 eg/ml at room temperature for 30 min. Samples were analyzed with a Coulter Epics 752 flow cytometer. For each sample the percentages of cells in G1, S, or G2/M were calculated by using the program MULTICYCLE (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego). Immunochemical Detection of RAG-1 and RAG-2 Proteins. Lysates were fractionated by SDS/10%o PAGE and electrotransferred to nitrocellulose. RAG-2-specific antibodies 432 and 435 and RAG-i-specific antibodies 307 and 506 were used in immunoblotting assays as described (16). Signals were digitized by high-resolution optical scanning, and volumetric integration was carried out by using the ImageQuant software package (Molecular Dynamics). RNA Analysis. Total cellular RNA from each elutriated sample was isolated by cesium chloride density centrifugation and fractionated by electrophoresis through 1% agarose. Total RNA was assayed for hybridization to a cDNA probe comprising the entire RAG-2or RAG-i-coding sequence. Ribosomal RNA was detected by staining with methylene blue. Signals were digitized and quantitated as described above. Abbreviation: V(D)J, variable-diversity-joining region. 2733 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. D ow nl oa de d by g ue st o n F eb ru ar y 7, 2 02 1 2734 Biochemistry: Lin and Desiderio buffer/5 mM EDTA and fractionated by SDS/12.5% PAGE; 1 mM EDTA was included in the stacking gel. Protein was transferred to nitrocellulose and immunoblotted with antibody 435 or antibody 432.


With the continuous improvement of the quality of life of modern people, people's requirements for lighting continue to increase. In addition to working and living lighting, lighting plays a vital role in medical care. As a medical device, Micro‐LED array has the advantages of small size, light weight, good monochromaticity, fast response, large light intensity and long lifetime. In this paper, the effects of different wavelengths of light on the human body are described respectively, and the application of Micro‐LED arrays in acne treatment and blood oxygenation is proposed.


A novel gas sensor for the detection of formaldehyde was developed based on molecular imprinting technique (MIT) with formaldehyde as template. The structure of the molecular imprinting nanoparticles (MINs) is of orthogonal perovskite. The MINs with a good dispersion possess high surface-to-volume ratio. The particles are spherical and uniform, and then the MINs are printed onto an alumina tube to form a sensor device. At 92°C, the response to 1 ppm formaldehyde based on the sensor is 8, while the response to the other test gases is less than 3. The response time and recovery time are 40 s and 90 s, respectively.


The dependence between the dielectric permeability of motor oils, their physical and chemical structure is proved. It is established that between the dielectric permeability of motor oils and their sulphatic ashes there is a strong correlation dependence.


To obtain (S)-4-methyl-1-heptyn-4-en-3-ol [(S)-1a], enzymatic enantioselective esterification of (R,S)-1a in organic solvent was examined. Pseudomonas lipase catalyzed the transesterification of (R,S)-1a with vinyl acetate in n-hexane, and gave (S)-1a and the corresponding acetate of (R)-1a with good enantioselectivity and high reaction rate. The reaction was accelerated by increasing the hydrophobicity of the organic solvent used as reaction medium and decreasing the water content of the reaction mixture. Under optimum conditions, (S)-1a of 99% ee was obtained at a conversion ratio of 68.6%. A kinetic udy revealed that the enzymatic reaction proceeded under the ping-pong mechanism involving the acyl-enzyme as an intermediate.


: Status and trends of American Woodcock Scolopax minor populations in the eastern and central US and Canada are monitored via a Singing-ground Survey , conducted just after sunset along roadsides in spring. Annual analyses of the survey produce estimates of trend and annual indexes of abundance for 25 states and provinces, eastern and central management regions, and survey-wide. In recent years, a loglinear hierarchical model that defines year effects as random effects in the context of a slope parameter (the S Model) has been used to model population change. Recently, alternative models have been proposed for analysis of Singing-ground Survey data. Analysis of a similar roadside survey, the North American Breeding Bird Survey , has indicated that alternative models are preferable for almost all species analyzed in the Breeding Bird Survey. Here, we use leave-one-out cross validation to compare model fit for the present Singing-ground Survey model to fits of three alternative models, including a model that describes population change as the difference in expected counts between successive years (the D model) and two models that include t distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion effects (H models) as opposed to normally-distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion. Leave-one-out cross validation results indicate that the D model was favored by the Bayesian predictive information criterion but a pairwise t -test indicated that model D was not significantly better-fitting to Singing-ground Survey data than the S model. The H models are not preferable to the alternatives with normally-distributed overdispersion. All models provided generally similar estimates of trend and annual indexes suggesting that, within this model set, choice of model will not lead to alternative conclusions regarding population change. However, as in Breeding Bird Abstract Status and trends of American Woodcock Scolopax minor populations in the eastern and central US and 15 Canada are monitored via a Singing-ground Survey, conducted just after sunset along roadsides in 16 spring. Annual analyses of the survey produce estimates of trend and annual indexes of abundance for 17 25 states and provinces, eastern and central management regions, and survey-wide. In recent years, a 18 log-linear hierarchical model that defines year effects as random effects in the context of a slope 19 parameter (the S Model) has been used to model population change. Recently, alternative models have 20 been proposed for analysis of Singing-ground Survey data. Analysis of a similar roadside survey, the 21 North American Breeding Bird Survey, has indicated that alternative models are preferable for almost all 22 species analyzed in the Breeding Bird Survey. Here, we use leave-one-out cross validation to compare 23 model fit for the present Singing-ground Survey model to fits of three alternative models, including a 24 model that describes population change as the difference in expected counts between successive years 25 (the D model) and two models that include t -distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion effects (H models) 26 as opposed to normally-distributed extra-Poisson overdispersion. Leave-one-out cross validation 27 results indicate that the D model was favored by the Bayesian predictive information criterion but a 28 pairwise t -test indicated that model D was not significantly better-fitting to Singing-ground Survey data 29 than the S model. The H models are not preferable to the alternatives with normally-distributed 30 overdispersion. All models provided generally similar estimates of trend and annual indexes suggesting 31 that, within this model set, choice of model will not lead to alternative conclusions regarding population 32 change. However, as in Breeding Bird Survey analyses, we note a tendency for S model results to 33 provide slightly more extreme estimates of trend relative to D models. We recommend use of the D 34 model for future Singing-ground Survey analyses. Estimation of annual indexes of and trend from The Singing-Ground Survey: This Online Early paper will appear in its final typeset version in a future issue of the Journal of Fish and 41 Wildlife Management. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but 42 has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may 43 lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. The findings and conclusions in this 44 article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 45 Service.


Uranium metal was oxidized to U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ by air in the temperature range from 300 to 700 deg C. The properties of UO/sub 2/ prepared by reduction were improved by double oxidationreduction cycling at 550 and 650 deg C, respectively. Optimum characteristics of cycling were based on the results of the oxidation of uranium dioxide by air in the temperature range from 400 to 700 deg C, and of the U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ reduction by hydrogen in the temperature range from 500 to 700 deg C. Chemical reactivity of powdered UO/sub 2/ was measured in standard conditions using the reaction with gaseous hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen. (auth)


We first review Puck and Schurmann's progressive failure criteria for three-dimensional deformations of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites, and then simplify these for plane stress deformations. These criteria have been implemented as an USDFLD subroutine in the commercial software, ABAQUS/Standard. Several example problems have been analyzed with the developed software, and for some problems computed results have been compared with those obtained by using the CLPT for stress analysis and Puck and Schurmann's criteria for failure analysis. A close agreement between the two set of results verifies the implementation of the failure criteria in the software, ABAQUS. These examples illustrate that the ultimate failure load is significantly higher than that when the failure initiates first which is usually called the first ply failure load.


The work proposes questioning and critical as the adoption of terms such as virtual library or digital library model to conceptualize the organization of information nowadays. Contextualized, historically and culturally, the libraries in order to provide definitions, types and range of definitions of various authors. Proposes rescheduling of libraries by the vector of access to information, due to the formation of networks for information transfer, the reconfiguration of time and space force now and the way computer technologies affect the creation, use, management and flow Information as to abandon qualifications that address the physical setting, technology and support information, so as to address libraries in situ, real-time hybrid. The proposed definition of library spot emphasizes the occupation by the body at the time of access to a defined physical installation, it is possible to visit in order to reach both walls, furniture etc.. as content, so that library catalog and use the paper as a medium for recording information. They add, moreover, that can offer its users electronics products such as radio, television, VCR, DVD, put computers without network access. And essential to emphasize that, contemporaneously, access to this type of library and made by dromoinaptos. Library is considered the one with real-time information collection or documentary units of any nature, organized in virtual space based on certain objectives in favor of users with specific, inserted or not needs in an organizational context, which has not as attend, in person, the environment, being elsewhere. May consist of libraries of different materials, with different storage media and use of electronic memory that can be created, stored, organized, processed and distributed with the support of telecommunications networks and ability to cover wide range of applications. Acquis has defined access and not the possession itself, so as to provide, immaterially, the unit would document, regardless of physical instantiates and significance of ordinary time, regardless, so network, User access and in real time. The hybrid approach considers those libraries not only have acquis consists in analog and digital, which use wide variety of medias format, but those in which the access, done physically in a defined locus (like that of the library in loco), in order classroom enables both access the libraries in real-time as to material items, ie, both atomic as binary. Essentially consist of a physical space dedicated to the library, with a collection of books, periodicals, videos, microfilms, computer software etc.., Often with automated processes, in which the User accesses the library in real time without actually va she ate. It is proposed that, whatever the unit would document to be made available, current designs of building libraries in real time will inevitably require a process of revision of recent models in use, even covering the roles of the professionals involved, preservation, readability and accessibility of digital documents for specific programs.


A new tool in the protein design toolbox Protein design can compute protein folds from first principles. However, designing new proteins that are functional remains challenging, in part because designing binding interactions requires simultaneous optimization of protein sequence and protein-ligand conformation. Polizzi and DeGrado designed proteins from scratch that bind a small-molecule drug (see the Perspective by Peacock). They introduced a new structural element called a van der Mer (vdM), which tracks the orientation of a chemical group relative to the backbone of a contacting residue. Assuming proteins bind ligands using interactions similar to intraprotein packing, they determined statistically preferred vdMs from a large set of structures in the Protein Data Bank. By including weighted vdMs in their computations, they designed two of six de novo proteins that bind the drug apixaban. A drug-protein x-ray crystal structure confirmed the designed model. Science, this issue p. 1227; see also p. 1166 An innovative representation of protein–chemical-group interactions enables design of proteins that bind the blood-thinning drug apixaban. The de novo design of proteins that bind highly functionalized small molecules represents a great challenge. To enable computational design of binders, we developed a unit of protein structure—a van der Mer (vdM)—that maps the backbone of each amino acid to statistically preferred positions of interacting chemical groups. Using vdMs, we designed six de novo proteins to bind the drug apixaban; two bound with low and submicromolar affinity. X-ray crystallography and mutagenesis confirmed a structure with a precisely designed cavity that forms favorable interactions in the drug–protein complex. vdMs may enable design of functional proteins for applications in sensing, medicine, and catalysis.


Low back pain (LBP) is a very common world health problem, which causes activity restrictions and also absenteeism from work. Low back pain can reduce human productivity, 50-80% of workers worldwide have experienced low back pain where almost a third of their age have experienced some type of low back pain which is the second disease after the flu. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sitting and sitting posture with complaints of low back pain among fish cutter workers at UD. Dumbo Jaya Group, Kota Galuh Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The research method uses an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. The number of samples as many as 31 fish cutter workers, data collection using questionnaires and data analysis using the chi-square test with a significant level of 95% or p≤α (0.05). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between length of sitting and complaints of low back pain in fish cutter workers P = 0.013 < = 0.05 and there was a significant relationship between sitting posture and complaints of low back pain in fish cutter workers P = 0.039 < = 0.05. It is recommended for fish cutter workers to be able to arrange rest hours and a good sitting posture so that lower back pain does not occur.


The operation and maintenance is one of the most important territories of the automotive industry. From the mathematical point of view, maintenance is a discrete state space stochastic process without after-effects, so it can be modeled as a Markov-chain. After determination of probability densities of changes of operational states and setting up the transition probability matrix, a matrix-algebraic method can be used for investigating these processes with systems approach analysis. This paper is aimed to discuss the possibilities of the use of simulation-based sensitivity analysis of maintenance systems and processes. The proposed method helps decision making in maintenance management.


Alterations to gastrointestinal bacterial communities have been linked to the exacerbation of numerous diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), via changes to bacterial‐derived metabolites. Community changes can result from antibiotic use, dietary changes, psychosocial stress, and possibly air particulate matter exposure. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that a transgenic mouse model predisposed to create amyloid‐β fibers similar to AD, namely APP/PS1 mice, exposed to air particulate matter (PM) led to significant increases in hippocampal amyloid‐β1‐40 (Aβ) and Aβ1‐42, as well as astrocytosis, microgliosis, and proinflammatory cytokines in the temporal cortex as compared to PM‐exposed non‐carrier mice. Such findings indicate the presence of PM2.5‐induced neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Recent data demonstrates PM‐induced alterations to the gut microbiome, prompting us to test the hypothesis that disruptions of microbial‐derived metabolites are present in PM‐exposed APP/PS1 mice. To test this hypothesis, APP/PS1 and non‐carrier, littermate wild type (WT) mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or PM for 5 days/week, 6 hours/day, for 3 months. The average daily PM exposure is 90.0 μg/m3, which is a 5‐fold concentration above the ambient mean daily PM2.5 concentration (18.8 ±11.4 μg/m3) at the study site in Columbus, OH. At the end of the 3‐month exposure, fecal samples were collected to assess bacterial byproducts, i.e. short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Serum samples were collected to characterize additional metabolites including the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated that SCFA butyric acid was significantly reduced by PM‐exposure in both APP/PS1 and WT animals as compared to their FA‐exposed counterparts (p<0.01) and propionic acid was significantly increased in FA‐exposed APP/PS1 mice as compared to their WT counterparts (p<0.0001). Serum metabolite analyses revealed distinct principal component patterns among groups, demonstrating unique metabolic profiles associated with exposure and genotype. One such metabolite, TMA, was significantly increased by PM‐exposure (p<0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that airborne particulate matter exposure alters metabolic profiles in a transgenic mouse model of AD.


This article is devoted to assessing the transit of electricity from an external electrical power supply system through the traction network of a railway district that includes nine traction substations. Substation transformers has star-delta-11 connection. The paper presents a simulation model of the railway district implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Various options of loading the external power supply system are modeled including into account the symmetrical load of the external network and the single-phase load of traction substations. The values of the voltage difference on the traction windings of power transformers of adjacent substations that occurs at different loads, the balancing currents that this difference creates and real power losses in the inter-substation areas are calculated.


This is the first of three planned guidelines to address the sexual health of people with who are HIV positive. The other two under consideration are reproductive health choices for women and sexual dysfunction in men with HIV. This guideline complements existing BASHH Clinical Effectiveness Group guidelines on individual sexually transmitted infections and screening and testing available at: www.bashh.org/guidelines/ceguidelines. There is also a separate BASHH guideline available on post-exposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure (PEPSE) [1].


This article deals a comparative analysis between several representative dynamic models for the suspension system of the motor vehicles, namely quarter-vehicle, half-vehicle and full-vehicle models. The dynamic model of the suspension system contains the guiding linkages of the front and rear wheels/axle, by case, along with the elastic and dissipative suspension elements (helical springs, shock absorbers/dampers, buffers limiting the expansion & compression suspension travel, bushings, tires). The dynamic analysis (simulation) of the considered models was carried out with the help of virtual prototyping software solution ADAMS (currently developed by MSC Software Corporation), by considering the dynamic with shock regime, which consists in the sudden release of the car to fall on the ground from a given height. This is one of the standard tests in automotive industry for evaluating the comfort performance of the vehicles.


Ovarian serous borderline tumors are usually found in women of reproductive age and perimenopausal women. Therefore, the issue of preserving the reproductive and hormonal functions is highly relevant. We analyzed specific ultrasonic characteristics of ovarian serous borderline tumors by comparing preoperative ultrasound and postoperative morphological findings in 98 patients. Ultrasonography is an effective method of patient monitoring after conservative and ultraconservative surgeries for ovarian serous borderline tumors.


The present invention provides a method of detecting in a broadband communication directed to the passive intermodulation, apparatus and procedures. The present invention comprises a transmission impose a predetermined transmission power at a base station a first signal at a first center frequency and a second signal at a second center frequency, capture at the base station, at the base station is obtained at the reception frequency of the received signal delay between the received signal and the transmitted signal caused by the passive intermodulation.


Capillary pressure is modeled as difiusion and treated inl- This paper presents a numerical method for solving incom- plicitly by mixed finite elements and multigrid. pressible, immiscible, two-phase flow problems in three space dimensions. The grid consists of rectangular blocks. Blocks The solution method permits large time steps, if the flow field does not change substantially between time steps, Ac- can iteratively be refined in areaa with active wells, with steep saturation fronts, or with large permeability contrasts, curate results can be o~~ained with only a limited number of The grid is dynamically adapted as the numerical simulation grid blocks. The method has been used vu study both sta- ble and unstable, immiscible displacement of oil by water. proceeds, Results for some test problems are given. The equations governing two-phase flow are treated sepa- rately, which leads to an elliptic. equation for pressure and Introduction velocity, and a parabolic equation for the water saturation. The objective of reservoir simulation is the computation of The solution technique combines mixed finite elements with fluid flow through porous media with an accuracy that is suf- the method of characteristics. Multigrid is wed to solve pres- ficient for the prediction of the hydrocarbon recovery. The sure ancl velocity from the mixed finite element discretiza- mathematical model for porous media flow consists of a cou- tion. The water saturation is determined by a convection- pled system of nonlinear partial differential equations that dominated parabolic equation. Operator splitting allows a represents the basic physical properties of the true solution. separate t rest ment of convect )on and diffusion. Numerical methods are required to determine an approxi-


Introduction Besides environmental sociology, many other sciences investigate the complex relations between society and nature. Numerous discipline-based and interdisciplinary research approaches, theoretical concepts and definitions of research objects compete and coexist with one another. For some, this situation indicates a diversity of perspectives appropriate to the complexity of the research object, a diversity which opens the possibility of achieving complementary forms of knowledge through cooperative research projects. For others, this 'pluralism of competing paradigms' is an expression of a post-modern arbitrariness, one that justifies academic rivalries and exclusion mechanisms. Again and again the hope has been raised that an overarching frame of reference could counter the arbitrariness that unfolds with this diversity. Critics of pluralism can bring a strong argument to bear here: If research on the relations between society and nature is characterized by such a wide range of incompatible concepts, then, not only is it very difficult to compare the various results of research, but it is equally difficult to evaluate the claims to scientific progress being made.


This paper illustrates the importance of cultural awareness in the process of learning a foreign language. Because of the differences between the two languages and the distinctions between two kinds of thinking styles, the students feel it difficult to achieve cross-cultural understanding .In the process of teaching ,teachers should pay attention to the training of cultural awareness and cultural input .


Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition and machine vision. AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills: learning, reasoning and self-correction. This article proposes overall idea of artificial intelligence in various applications and domains.


This thesis is written for graduation honors in the Department of Economics at Brandeis University. In this thesis I hope to explain from an economic perspective how Open Source Software Development works. In doing so I examined the current literature available and historical examples and I developed case studies on instances in the Open Source and business communities where this form of development has become prevalent.


The aim of this study is to find the relationships that exist between change orientation and school organizational climate. This study also seeks to find the level of practice for the aspects in change orientation and school climate. The research samples for this quantitative research were taken from 246 teachers from national primary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The data were collected using the combination of two questionnaires namely Faculty Change Orientation Scale (FCOS) and the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire for Elementary Schools (OCDQ-RE). The data were then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses. Findings indicate that the practice level of all three dimensions (faculty openness to change, principal openness to change and community press for change) in change orientation are high. Meanwhile, the practice level of five dimensions (supportive principal behaviour, directive principal behaviour, restrictive principal behaviour, collegial teacher behaviour and intimate teacher behaviour) in school climate are moderate and the other one dimension, (disengaged teacher behaviour) is low. In addition, the Multiple Linear Regression analysis showed one of the dimensions in change orientation (community press for change) has a significant relationship with school climate. Implication of the study shows that pressure for change from community outside school have direct impact on school climate. However, the aspect of support from school heads and intimate relationship among teachers need to be improvised as these are important dimensions that contribute to positive school climate. Some recommendations from this study are; to establish and maintain positive community relations, increase of school heads' support for teachers and to have strategic management approach in dealing with educational changes in schools


This paper outlines a generalized image reconstruction approach that improves the resolution of an Electro-Optic (EO) imaging sensor based on multiple frame exposures during a temporal window of video. Such an approach is innovative in that it does not depend on controlled micro dithering of the camera, nor require the set of exposures to maintain any strictly defined transformation. It suffices to assume such video is physically captured by a focal plane array, and loosely requires some relative motion between sensor and subject.


To effectively validate large numbers of potential prostate cancer biomarker targets, assessment of gene and protein expression coupled with tissue morphology and clinical information is necessary. These clinical studies rely not only on the tissue and experimental results but also how they are viewed and manipulated. Large numbers and diversity of clinical prostate tissue samples needed for these studies demanded the development of a database (DB) model for integrating and managing clinical, diagnostic and pathology data; tissue block data; molecular data; high density digital histologic images; protocols; and computer‐based hisotopathological scoring of tissues. The DB houses relational data from > 200 prostate cancer patients and > 500 prostate whole‐mount and biopsy tissue blocks from the NCI Prostate Molecular Profiling Program dating back to 1998. Of the whole‐mounts tissue blocks, 18 contain high‐grade adenocarcinoma, 82 contain moderate‐grade adenocarcinoma, 4 contain low‐grade adenocarcinoma, and 61 contain high‐grade PIN. Collaborative projects with specific tissues and objectives are also included within the DB, including 271 androgen independent prostate tissue biopsies. To date, seven downstream molecular analysis studies have been completed using DB data. This tissue repository DB provides a unique resource and is ideal for the research team locally and at remote locations.


In this paper, we shall give an a-rmative answer to the question raised by Kim and Tan (1) dealing with generalized vec- tor quasi-variational inequalities which generalize many existence results on (VVI) and (GVQVI) in the literature. Using the maxi- mal element theorem, we derive two theorems on the existence of weak solutions of (GVQVI), one theorem on the existence of strong solution of (GVQVI), and one theorem on strong solution in the 1-dimensional case.


This article discusses Advocate General Mengozzi's Opinion in Austria v. Germany (Case C-648/15), which addresses article 273 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in the context of the interpretation of article 11 of the Austria-Germany Income and Capital Tax Treaty (2000).


Using the weighted inverse theory of matrices and the weighed inverse topological change method of finite element structures, a set of formulae used in the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of a structure are presented. Combined with the previous work of the author, it can analyze the static modification of the structures efficiently. The all formulae of this method are explicit ones and have advantages of simplicity and easily operation on the computer. An example is given to demonstrate the valid and the efficiency of the formulae.


Experimental methods and resulting on-target deposit data are presented for an operational field trial designed to evaluate glyphosate (Vision®) efficacy using two different dispersal systems (AU5000 Micronairs® and conventional hydraulic nozzles). A range of glyphosate rates (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 kg acid equivalent per hectare) was aerially applied in a randomized complete block design to four cutover sites in New Brunswick. Formulation, tank-mix, droplet, and chemical analyses were conducted to quantify actual on-target deposit for each treatment. Data for the calibrated portion of each swath suggested that the Micronair system produced a slightly narrower drop-diameter spectrum (0–677 μm, volume median diameter = 300 μm) than the hydraulic system (0–1085 μm, volume median diameter = 425 μm). Analysis of variance and orthogonal contrasts indicated that on-target deposit for the Micronair system (average accountability = 71%) was not significantly different from that of the hydraulic system (ave...


Using six years of remote sensing data, we estimated land and forest degradation inside 1788 protected areas across 19 countries in Latin America. From 2004–2009, the rate of land and forest degradation increased by 250% inside the protected areas, and the land and forest degradation totaled 1,097,618 hectares. Of the protected areas in our dataset, 45% had land and forest degradation. There were relatively large variations by major habitat type, with flooded grasslands/savannas and moist broadleaf forest protected areas having the highest rates of degradation. We found no association between a country's rate of land and forest degradation inside protected areas and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, or rural population density. We found significant, but weak, associations between the rate of land and forest degradation inside protected areas and a country's protected area system funding, the size of the protected area, and one International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) management category. Our results suggest a high degree of heterogeneity in the variables impacting land and forest degradation inside protected areas in Latin America, but that the targeting of protected area investments on a continental scale is plausible.


Advanced developments and applications of Chemical Mechanical Planarization/Polishing (CMP) did by researchers in current decade were discussed in this article. Topics on which this article forms the basis are Abrasives and slurry developments, environment and safety conditions, manufacturing process improvements, modelling and simulations methods for CMP, optimization approaches, reduction of defects in CMP, aid of other manufacturing processes to improve manufacturing performance of CMP. This article expresses several approaches, methods etc. used by various researchers in past ten years from articles published by reputed publishers (IEEE, SPRINGER, ELSEVIER, SEMANTIC SCHOLAR etc.).


The paper will analyze the specific aspect of revitalization of water streams - the revitalization of previously constructed buildings in water streams that have cultural hereditary characteristics. That means reconstruction of mill cascades, but also bridges, mills, rafts and other similar abandoned and forgotten hydrotechnic buildings in water streams that have monumental value. Their presence (especially mill cascades) represents the element of possible revitalization of wider river basins and in river water paths they enable the survival of specific ecological societies. The paper will consider their role in the context of providing ecologically acceptable water flow e.g. ecologically acceptable water level. The questions regarding the interrelation between the possible concept of water streams revitalization as totally natural environment and the revitalization in a wider context that includes the elements of cultural and historical heritage was considered in this paper on the example of river Kupa catchment. This is the river and the water streams it's catchment on which mills and mill cascades were integral parts of life of rivers, of inhabitants and represented the value of their cultural landscape even less than fifty years ago. This work suggests that the problem of revitalization should be considered in a wider context that includes also the analysis of possibilities of reconstruction of cultural buildings that is essential for repopulation of these areas and their contents.


An integrated system capable of performing high frame‐rate two‐dimensional (2D) temperature imaging in realtime is has been developed. The system consists of a SonixRP ultrasound scanner and a custom built data processing unit connected with Gigabit Ethernet (GbE). The SonixRP scanner which serves as the frontend of the integrated system allows us to have flexibilities of controlling the beam sequence and accessing the radio frequency (RF) data in realtime through its research interface. The RF data is then streamlined to the backend of the system through GbE, where the data is processed using a 2D temperature estimation algorithm running in a general purpose graphics processing unit (GPU). Using this system, we have developed a 2D high frame‐rate imaging mode, M2D, for imaging the mechanical and thermal tissue response to subtherapeutic HIFU beams. In this paper, we present results from imaging subtherapetic HIFU beams in vitro porcine heart before and after lesion formation. The results demonstrate the ...


: Chapped eczema is a common dermatological disease in autumn and winter. It is often induced or aggravated by contact with detergents, causing chapping and pain, which affects walking and labor. Because the skin lesions are mainly keratinized, thick and chapped, the clinical treatment of this disease is difficult. Although there are many treatment methods, there is no effective drug treatment, and it is easy to recur. In order to make new progress in the disease and improve clinical. Therefore, the current research results and clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese and western medicine are discussed.


The present invention relates to a manual actuator calligraphy paper, the case includes a left arm, right arm case, telescopic rod, fixed rail, traction bar, retaining clip, connecting rope, traction rope, paper clips, pulley; disposed in the upper left arm left text book case, the extendable rod disposed in the case of the left arm of the vertically downward side, the left side of the telescopic rod by a screw connection arm case, in addition to the largest cross-section of the telescopic rod, another telescopic rod toward the side of the book case a sliding groove disposed in the right arm text book case of the upper right corner, the fixed rail arranged on the connecting hole of the smallest cross section of the telescopic rod end, pulling the slide bar disposed in the groove of the telescopic rod side, a pulley installed in the middle portion of the stationary rail, the traction rope wound on the pulley, one end fixed to the traction bar, the other end is placed on the book case, both ends of the connection cord are wound around the telescopic rod and the fixed rail substantially parallel, disposed on the pulling bar paperclip.


(57) [summary] above the vapor and liquid contact active solid substance under pressure in the range disproportionation from 500 mbar to 50 bar of at least two of trichlorosilane in the reaction zone flowing in countercurrent reaction / the production of silane in a continuous manner by distillation.


The paper reconstructs the process of accumulation of scientific knowledge on the geology of the North-East of Russia and evaluates the results. On the basis of extensive collections of documents in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economy, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, State Ar-chive of the Magadan Region, and local publications of 1930–1940, and memoirs of contemporaries we ac-cessed the contribution of geologists of joint-stock company «Soyuzzoloto» to the sharing of scientific knowledge on the mineral potential of North-East Russia. This provides better understanding of the practice of mining development in the North-East of Russia, introduces the valuable types of mineral raw materials into economic circulation, personal aspects of this phenomenon. The huge amount of factual material collected by «Soyuzzoloto» required the scientific and technical support of the mining industry. All necessary resources of the North-East of Russia were organized of in a single center ––the «Dalstroy» trust.


Anti-Brownian Electrokinetic (ABEL) trapping has proven to be a valuable novel tool for analysis at the single-nanoparticle level. In previous work, we explored axial (in the z-direction only) ABEL trapping with planar ITO electrodes based on video image analysis. In this work, we improved the method by using total-internal-reflection (TIR) in combination with a single-photon-counting module. This allows us to axially trap single nanoparticles with a homogeneous field at feedback rates of several kHz such that screening of the electric field becomes negligible.


ABSTRACT In the Norwegian real estate market, used dwellings are normally sold through an auction process similar to the standard English (open ascending-bid) auction. Using survey results (N = 1,803), we define jump bids and investigate the motivations behind the use of such strategies. We find that most bidders tend to consider intimidation and signalling as the main motivations for applying a jump-bidding strategy, and intimidation strategies applied by competing bidders appear to be an important reason for bidders withdrawing early from an auction. We also use a sample of 1,142 auction journals and find that, on average, auctions containing jump bids achieve 2.8–9.3 percent higher price premiums compared to strictly straightforward-bidding auctions. The premium is higher when the intimidation strategy fails and competing bidders counter with jump bids. Additionally, this paper provides evidence that jump bids are usually placed at the earliest stage of the auction and have a stronger intimidation effect the earlier they are placed, despite having an overall positive effect on the premium. The results are robust to different valuation approaches and omitted variable bias controls. Our findings have important implications for sellers and buyers in auction settings, and for regulators of auction processes.


One in every 150 children is estimated to fall within the autistic spectrum, regardless of socio-cultural and economic aspects, with a 4:1 prevalence of males over females (ADDM, 2007). Architecture, as a profession, is responsible for creating environments that accommodate the needs of all types of users. Special needs individuals should not be exempt from such accommodation. Despite this high incidence of autism, there are yet to be developed architectural design guidelines catering specifically to the scope of autistic needs. The primary goal of this research is to correct this exclusion by developing a preliminary framework of architectural design guidelines for autism. This will be done through a two phase study. The first phase will determine, through a questionnaire of first hand caregivers of autistic children, the impact of architectural design elements on autistic behaviour, to determine the most influential. The second phase, based on the findings of the first, will test the conclusive highest ranking architectural elements in an intervention study on autistic children in their school environment. Specific behavioural indicators, namely attention span, response time and behavioural temperament, will be tracked to determine each child's progress pre and post intervention, for a control and study group. This study concludes in outlining the findings of both phases of the study, the first being the determination of the most influential architectural design elements on autistic behaviour, according to the sample surveyed. The second group of findings outlines design strategies for autism in three points. The first is the presentation of a "sensory design matrix" which matches architectural elements with autistic sensory issues and is used to generate suggested design guidelines. The second is the presentation of these hypothetical guidelines, two of which are tested in the presented study. These guidelines are presented as possible interventions for further testing. The third is a group of specific design guidelines resultant from the intervention study. It is hoped that these will provide a basis for the further development of autistic specific design standards, and take us one step further towards more conducive environments for autistic individuals.


Measurement of the characteristics of high energy, high peak power laser pulses for plasma physics experiments requires detection of prepulses of intensity Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering PWL 102 1990-01-14 OE/LASE '90, 14-19 Jan., Los Angeles, CA LA90 90 Los Angeles, CA, United States Femtosecond to Nanosecond High-Intensity Lasers and Applications 1229 Design and Performance of High-Power Laser Sources


This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fish communities in Batang Lemanak and the effects of changes in aquatic environment especially the effects of increasing suspended solid (TSS) towards the freshwater fish species. TSS loading was calculated based on the river hydrology. Another seven water quality parameters, namely DO, BOD, temperature, pH, N03-·N, pol and NH3-N were used to determine the quality of the river water. River water was sampled from the main river and its tributaries for comparison purposes. The results showed the degradation of water quality at the stations which had been affected by the logging activities. Statistical analysis showed that the water temperature was not significantly different among the stations but there were significant differences between first sampling and second sampling. The distribution and population offish species was also affected due to the changes of habitat.


Zofia MITOSEK University of Warsaw Charles Marlow the Coloniser, or, the Ironic Necessity This article is a polemic with a postcolonial interpretation of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness – namely, with the images of black dwellers of Africa as criticised by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. As is made apparent through a careful analysis of the text, while not denying the sense of strangeness against 'the savage', Marlow makes an effort to understand their otherness as well as, and primarily so, his own response to how the Other behaves. The theme of a sarcastic story is therefore not aborigines but rather, the white invaders of Congo territory and their attitude to the local black people. Marlow's fascination with Kurtz, "the most outstanding amongst the daemons of this country", has led the captain to conceal his cruelties committed against colonial protectors and his fiancee. Marlow is tormented by these lies, his story, being told to fellow-travellers in another trip, is a sort of catharsis to him. Marlow, a noble man, positions himself as a coloniser whilst his irony turns into a selfirony. This obviously does not mean that an idea of colonialism is advocated by Joseph Conrad, the one who has created Marlow – the piece's narrator and lead character.


A method that yields fringe pattern representing the slope changes of a curved object is presented. It is accomplished by modifying the in-plane displacement sensitive configuration of speckle interferometry. A detailed theory and experimental results are presented.


Silica films were prepared on titanium substrate by a sol-gel method.The influence of different(factors) on the quality of silica films is discussed in this paper.The surface composition,microstructure and surface morphology of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.The results show that the sol(prepared) at pH 3 and a n(TEOS)∶[KG-*3/5]n(H_(2)O)∶[KG-*3/5]n(EtOH) ratio of 1∶[KG-*3/5]4∶[KG-*3/5]11 and aged for 10 h at 70 ℃ was suitable for(plating) silica flims on titanium substrate.The silica films were crackfree,uniform and porous.The pore size distributions was between 2 and 3 μm.After immersing the silica films in simulated body fluid(1.5SBF) for 10 d,the rapid depositon of spherical carbonated hydroxyapatite(CHA) on the surface of the films showed that the bioactivity of silica films was very good.


In the Home Service Assignment, Routing, and Appointment scheduling (H-SARA) problem, a set of homogeneous service teams must visit a set of customers. The home service provider needs to decide how many teams to hire (i.e., sizing problem), how to assign service teams to customers (i.e., assignment problem), how to route service teams (i.e., vehicle routing problem), and how to schedule the appointment times for the customers (i.e., appointment scheduling problem) such that the total cost is minimized. To tackle the H-SARA problem, we propose an efficient solution method that comprises two stages. In the first stage, we present a column generation algorithm to solve the sizing, assignment, and routing problem. The algorithm is enhanced by a high-quality initial solution which is found using the route-first cluster-second principle and a polynomial-time 2-approximation algorithm. In the second stage, due to the stochastic nature of travel time, service time, and cancellation, we propose a simulation-driven approach to decide the appointment times such that a desired on-time arrival probability is achieved. To ensure the suitability of the simulation model, we discuss the characterization of the stochastic parameters. The proposed ideas can be embedded in different solution schemes, including a fast heuristic method that finds good solutions within seconds or a more elaborate algorithm to find near-optimal solutions at the expense of longer computational time. At last, we provide a high-level flexible decision support tool implemented in AIMMS.


My major concern in this essay is with the poetry and prose of Charles Olson. However, I wish to approach his work by way of comments passed upon it by both Gabriel Pearson and Martin Dodsworth in a recent critical anthology, edited by the latter, and entitled The Survival of Poetry.1 In the course of an essay on Robert Lowell, Mr Pearson mounts an attack on what he takes to be Olson's characteristic position, and many of the points that he makes are echoed by the editor in his introductory remarks. It will be my concern to show that neither of these critics deals justly with the scope of Olson's work, or with the vision of man in America that we find in it. Attention in England had been focused almost exclusively on the manifesto ' Projective Verse '.2 However, we now have enough texts available to us to be able to set that single work in a wider context, and this is the task that must be achieved if Olson's work is not to suffer the premature dismissal that these critics seem eager to mete out to it. In his essay, ' The Black Mountain Poets ', in the same book, Donald Davie begins this work, but there is much more to be done. At the heart of Gabriel Pearson's attack lies his belief that Olson's work is


In this paper, we present a multigrid V -cycle preconditioner for the linear system arising from piecewise linear nonconforming Crouzeix-Raviart discretization of second order elliptic problems with jump coecients. The preconditioner uses standard conforming subspaces as coarse spaces. We showed that the convergence rate of the multigrid V -cycle algorithm will deteriorate rapidly due to large jumps in coecient. However, the preconditioned system has only a xed number of small eigenvalues, which are deteriorated due to the large jump in coecient, and the eective condition number is bounded logarithmically with respect to the mesh size. As a result, the multigrid V -cycle preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm converges nearly uniformly. Numerical tests show both robustness with respect to jumps in the coecient and the mesh size.


It is well documented that an acute bout of exercise has a positive effect on subsequent cognitive function in children and adolescents. However, the effect of: the exercise characteristics (i.e. intensity, duration and modality), the cognitive domain assessed, and moderating variables (such as the participant's age, physical fitness and baseline cognitive abilities); all of which affect this relationship are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the impact of these variables on the acute exercise-cognition relationship in children (aged 6-11 years) and adolescents (aged 12-18 years). Searching the published literature from 2008 to date yielded 22 relevant studies in children and 14 relevant studies in adolescents. This review examines the effects of exercise characteristics (section 2), the cognitive domain assessed (section 3), and the time course of the effects (section 4), alongside the moderating effects of participant characteristics (section 5). The findings indicate that moderate intensity of ~ 30 min duration has positive effects across cognitive domains in children, whilst moderate-high intensity exercise of 10-30 min duration appears most beneficial in adolescents. Findings also suggest that the beneficial effects last for ~ 45 min post-exercise and, tentatively, may be more pronounced in children and adolescents with higher physical fitness levels. Future research in this area should continue to explore the factors (e.g. exercise characteristics, cognitive domains assessed and moderating variables) affecting the acute exercise-cognition relationship in children and adolescents. Where possible these factors should be controlled (or at the very least measured and reported), to allow a more complete interpretation of the findings and extending our understanding of this complicated relationship.


1. Scales in Popular MusicExample 1. Dionne Warwick and the Spinners, "Then Came You"(click to enlarge, see the rest, and hear the audio)[1.1] The current study is an attempt to explain certain phenomena in the perception and composition of popular music-phenomena that have puzzled and intrigued me for many years, and that do not seem well accounted for by current theories. As an illustration, consider Example 1a: the chorus of "Then Came You," by Dionne Warwick and the Spinners.(1) The beginning of the chorus, like the preceding verse, is clearly in major mode (with a tonal center of F): this is conveyed by both the vocals and the harmonic progression. The move to VII (Emajor) in the seventh measure of the chorus is a surprise. It is emphasized by the prolongation of the syllable "you" and a forceful eighth-note reiteration of the VII harmony in the accompaniment; it also seems to have lyrical significance, expressing the change in the singer's situation brought about by the arrival of "you." The VII chord introduces the scale degree (E), moving outside the previously established major scale; note also the ornamentation of the melody over the VII chord, introducing (A), in contrast to the natural (A) heard earlier in the chorus. (Notably, the parallel point in the third chorus features a different melodic elaboration, but one that also introduces ; see Example 1b.)[1.2] The surprise and reorientation caused by the VII-in addition to the shift from to in the melody-seems to suggest some kind of shift in the underlying scale or pitch collection of the song at that point; we will call this a "scalar shift." It is not obvious, however, how to characterize this shift. From a common-practice perspective, we might be tempted to describe it as a shift from major to minor mode (or at least, as a leaning toward minor). But most theorists agree that the major/minor distinction is not really applicable to modern popular music; and in any case, the VII chord is fairly rare in common-practice minor mode.(2) One could also invoke the system of diatonic modes, but this explanation, too, is not fully satisfactory; VII combined with would be compatible with either Dorian or Aeolian modes, and it seems arbitrary to have to choose between them. I will argue that a more flexible approach to scalar shift is required to account for such situations. The idea is simple: The scale-degree content of a song (or a section of a song) tends to occupy a certain region on the "line of fifths," the circle of fifths stretched out infinitely in both directions. Moving outside this region-especially if the move is emphasized (by rhythmic, textural, or other means) and involves multiple pitch classes-creates a sense of scalar shift. Such shifts may be momentary, as in the case of "Then Came You"; in other cases, they may be longer in duration, and may play a role in defining the large-scale formal structure of the song. I will argue, also, that scalar shifts often have interesting expressive implications-sometimes simply indicating a change in mood or situation, and sometimes carrying more specific emotional connotations, analogous to the expressive meanings of major and minor in common-practice music.[1.3] I stated in the opening paragraph that my aim was to explain "phenomena of composition and perception." "Then Came You" illustrates both kinds of phenomena. On the one hand, what has to be explained is a fact of perception: the fact that the move to VII creates a feeling of surprise. (Of course, it is only with regard to my own perception that I can confidently treat this as a "fact"; I must hope that it holds true, at least to some extent, for other listeners.) But there are facts of composition to be explained as well, such as the fact that the VII chord in this example is given unusual emphasis on the musical surface (by the means described above). There may also be more general facts to be discovered about the style as a whole-for example, the fact that certain chords and scale degrees tend to occur together while others do not. …


The design, fabrication, and characterization of a tunable in-plane MEMS-based Fabry-Perot (FP) filter with hybrid integration of the grating and slot structures are presented. Antireflection grating (ARG) is designed at the inner wall of the FP resonator to enhance the performance of a tunable FP filter. Attributed to the ARG structures, the light can be propagated effectively through the FP resonator. The experimental result shows a low driving voltage electrostatically tuned the device with a wide mechanical tuning range (more than 1600 nm with 4 V) and a high Q-factor (9762).


Repurchase intention is a very important goal for retail businesses in the competition in the 4.0 technology age. This study aims to explore the mechanism of forming repurchase intention in relation to perceived value and consumer satisfaction in e-commerce. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction, and repurchase intention. The results show that the role of satisfaction and perceived value positively affects repeat purchase intention. Research results support the means end chain theory and imply that retail businesses need to pay attention to policies to increase perceived value and satisfaction, thereby stimulating repeat purchase intentions of customers.


425Background: Clinical studies support the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in a subset of patients with metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). With the aim of identifying determinants of ...


This paper presents a new realization of filtering topology having continuously and electronically reconfigurable transfer responses between inverting direct transfer (iDT), inverting high-pass responses (iHP), and all-pass response (AP). Proposed topology employs two active elements, single resistor, and single grounded capacitor. The behavior of the circuit is tested in PSpice utilizing simple commercially available elements from Analog Devices (variable gain amplifier and differential voltage buffer). Analyzes focus on standard implementation with integer-order capacitor as well as on employment of so-called constant phase element (fractional-order capacitor) and reveals interesting differences between transfer responses.


Marriage was not only personal task but one's family ceremony in pre-modern society. Family used often marriage process to show their status in society where they belonged. It was very oulstanding opportunity to be chosen a spouse of royal family, because people sought their spouse among same social group. Royal family members of Early Joseon dynasty were increased in number and some of them were far from the kinship of the kings as time passed after the foundation of dynasty. The royal family members had diverse background according to their mother's lineage even though all of them were the descendanls of kings. Therefore to examine the spouse of royal family members could tell us what the social recognition on royal family's status was. Royal genealogy, Seonwonrok, shows us very interesting fact that some royal family members married daughters from low-status, like daughters of concubines, middle people and son of concubines. And daughters of royal family became concubines of yangban, also. During the reign of King Seongjong, royal family from king's concubine had urged to marry ladies from high -positioned yangban family and this postures caused some troubles. Indeed, King and royal family argued that all royal family members had the most precious status regardless of their maternal lineage but yangban did refuse it and did not want to get married with royal family from concubines. Consequently, some of royal family from concubines should choose their spouse among the ladies from low status. All of descendants of queen, on the other hands, never married daughters from middle status and concubines. As a result, we can notice that there was the social discrimination between descendants of queens and concubines in royal family even though kings and royal family members insisted that all descendants of kings were noble. And not only yang ban ladies but women from middle status could consist of royal family, also.


Five-year (2010 through 2014) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data produced by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology have been validated against drifting buoy data and then used to study the seasonal patterns of the SST diurnal variation (DV) events over the Tropical Warm Pool region (TWP, 25°S–15°N, 90°E–170°E). The in-situ validation results illustrate the overall good quality of the AVHRR SST data set, although an average 0.19 K underestimation of the daytime measurements has been observed. The night-time observations are in good agreement with in-situ buoys with an average bias of 0.03 K and a 0.30 K standard deviation of the biases. This SST data set is then used to characterise the SST DV seasonal patterns, together with wind speeds, daily maximum solar shortwave insolation (SSImax) and latent heat flux (LHF). A double-peak seasonal pattern of SST DV is observed over the study region: the strongest DVs are found in March and October and the weakest in June. Sensitivity tests of DV to wind, SSImax, and LHF are conducted. The results indicate: (1) different morning and early afternoon winds (7 am to 2 pm local time, LT) affect DV by as much as 0.73 K when the half-daily (defined as 2 am to 2 pm LT in this study) average winds are fixed between 2-3 ms−1; (2) SSImax levels regulate DV less significantly (< 0.68 K) under fixed winds; and (3) LHF effects on DV are relatively weak (< 0.35 K). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The changes in the overall antioxidant properties of tomato juice samples and model solutions as a consequence of heat treatments were studied. The antioxidant properties were evaluated both through the measurement of the chain breaking and the oxygen scavenging activities. While a decrease in the antioxidant potential was found for short heat treatments, a recovery of these properties was measured by prolonging heating times. Results suggested that the initial reduction in the overall antioxidant activity can be attributed not only to the thermal degradation of naturally occurring antioxidants but also to the formation of early Maillard reaction products (MRP) with pro-oxidant properties. The gain in antioxidant activity coincided with the formation of brown MRP.

© 1999 Society of Chemical Industry


The present exposition proposes an analysis of the vocabulary of sexuality used by Philo of Alexandria in his treatise The special laws 3 and a reflection about the problems that raises the translation of the terms pertaining to this lexical field from Hellenistic Greek to a modern language like Spanish. On one side, the translator must face the difficulty of interpreting and finding equivalents in the target language for concepts that in the source language are expressed by ways of euphemisms or metaphorical procedures. On the other side, there is a risk of introducing anachronisms or foreign notions to the original text in the translation of words related to an area of social life in which cultural differences often involve absolutely dissimilar conceptualizations of the behaviors and practices concerned.


Smoking just a few marijuana cigarettes a day has the same effect on the respiratory tract as smoking 20 tobacco cigarettes daily. This holds true regardless of the tetrahydrocannabinol content. These results, reported in the Feb 11, 1988, New England Journal of Medicine, are based on a study of15 male tobacco and marijuana smokers. Each participant's blood carboxyhemoglobin level was measured before and after smoking. Marijuana increased the blood carboxyhemoglobin levels five times more than the tobacco cigarettes. Similarly, the amount of tar inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract from one marijuana cigarette (741 to 985 mg) was greater than that from one filtered tobacco cigarette (900 to 1,200 mg). Researchers attributed this in part to smokers' deeper inhalation and longer breath-holding of the marijuana cigarette. These findings support the con-' cern over the habitual smoking of only a few marijuana cigarettes daily and the related longterm pulmonary effects.


Primary health care (PHC) is the ideal setting to provide integrated services centred on the person and to implement health promotion (HP) activities.


This introduction to the following collection of review articles discusses briefly why some researchers chose to study platyhelminths, especially parasites, and some of the important principles and concepts that emerge from these reviews. One observation is that these are challenging animals to work with. Although much has emerged of note, much remains to be done and this introduction highlights a few of these areas.


ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to study the panorama of the floriculture and ornamental
plants sector in Brazil, highlighting the main aspects related to area, production and
distribution in the national scenario and consumption, the material used to obtain the data
related to the research was extracted different sources of research. Floriculture was an activity
that was restricted only in the Southeast, more specifically in the State of Sao Paulo.
Currently, this sector has expanded to other regions of the country. Floriculture has great
socioeconomic potential, generating employment mainly for small producers and although
floriculture has great potential for expansion, it still has great difficulties due to the lack of
habit of Brazilians in buying flowers. The results showed that the domestic market generates a
considerable source of income for the population in general, the ease of access of these
products, makes the consumption of flowers in the country have gained more and more space,
although it is very low in relation to other countries. Brazil has resulted in annual growth of
6.26% in recent years, moving around US $ 750 million per year, with per capita consumption
of US $ 4.70 and having 18,000 sales points throughout the country. The external market,
however, has a remarkable growth, however, it needs to conquer much more space with other
South American countries, corresponding to only 0.22% of the world market. Brazil exports
to 40 destinations, with Holland being the largest buyer, followed by the United States. In the
year of 2011, Brazil exported the value of US $ 20,699,521, 40.33% related to ornamental
plants, 48.37% for bulbs, rhizomes and similar, 3.67% fresh flowers and 7.63% % of other
products. It is concluded that there is a need to formulate strategies to manage in a way that
the productive and commercial sectors grow in order to strengthen the market


Based on Sichuan thunderstorm daily observation data from 1960 to 2010,thunderstorm characteristics and variation of sichuan were analyzed.The results showed that the number of average thunderstorm days in Sichuan was decreasing yearly,Plateau thunderstorms occurred significantly more than the number of days of the basin region,and the hunderstorm number of the southern mountain area of West Sichuan Plateau more than that in the Northern.Combined the key defence information data with geographic information system(GIS)technology,this study integrates the disaster data information with geographic information by geographical coding of the thunderstorm,thunderstorm disaster,population,economy,property information characteristics,which are converted to the geographic layer shape file containing the longitude,latitude,altitude and other related geographic information.It is found that:the first defense level areas of thunderstorms are Nanchong,Guang'an on the east of basin and Yanbian;the second are Bazhong,Langzhong,Emei,Yanyuan;the third are Mianyang,Nanchong,Luzhou,ABA;and the forth are Chengdu,Wenjiang,Dujiangyan,Dazhou,Suining,Ya'an,Yibin etc.


The liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method was employed to prepare (C60)1−x(C70)x solids having good crystallinity. In reference to the case of pure C60 (Y. Takahashi et al.: J. Japan Inst. Metals 68(2004) 326), toluene and methyl alcohol were used as good and poor solvents, respectively. Under ambient pressure, the solids were successfully formed up to x=0.09, but failed to form at x≧0.10 because a (C60)1−x(C70)x•C6H5CH3 solvate was included. However, under a high pressure argon atmosphere, formation of the solvate was highly suppressed and only (C60)1−x(C70)x solids were obtained for all x when P≧4 MPa. Electron probe microanalysis identified the presence of argon in the solid. Thus it is likely that incorporation of argon atoms in the solid during precipitation disturbs solvate formation. The argon atoms were removed by heat-treatment in a vacuum at 300℃, providing pure C60-C70 solids. The specimens were measured by X-ray diffraction to clarify the miscibility gap between the C60-rich phase and the C70-rich phase. The former solubility limit was evaluated to be x=0.09, while the latter was in the range of x=0.8-0.9. From the x-dependence of the lattice parameter in the C60-rich phase, the partial molar volume of dissolved C70 was estimated to be smaller than that of pure C70 by only 2.6%. The system can be modeled by hard-contact mixing of two different spheres. A large tensile distortion exists in the C60 matrix in the vicinity of a C70 molecule along with an accompanying strain energy. This acts as the driving force of phase separation in the system.


The threat of famine is looming in the Darfur region of western Sudan, warns Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), whose recent study shows "dangerously high levels of malnutrition and mortality with a rapidly deteriorating food security situation."

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The onset of rains in Darfur is causing problems for aid access

Credit: PETER MOSZYNSKI

The United Nations says that over two million people are now affected by the crisis, and MSF warns that "the whole population is teetering on the verge of mass starvation."

The charity's report cites a nutritional survey conducted in Wadi Saleh and Mukjar provinces that found that …

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2013.72011-2013 2009-2011 Research Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Nevada, Reno Postdoctoral Fellow with Professor Kenneth Hunter, University of Nevada, Reno Postdoctoral Fellow with Professor Suk-Wah Tam-Chang, University of Nevada, Reno 2005-2008 1997-2000 Research Assistant with Professor Suk-Wah Tam-Chang, University of Nevada, Reno Engineer, Chemical Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, China


Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IM training on the balance, fall efficacy, and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults. Methods : Three older adults participated in a total of 11 31-minute sessions of IM training during this single-subject design research study. An IM Short Form Test(IM SFT), a Four Step Square Test(FSST), and the Fullerton Advanced Balance(FAB) Scale were used to evaluate the subjects' balance. The Korean versions of the Fall Efficacy and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale were used to evaluate the fall efficacy. A serial 7 subtraction task was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the participants. Results : All participants showed a higher than average IM SFT SRO% during the intervention period compared to the pre-interventional baseline period. All of them achieved higher scores on their post-interventional balance function test than on their pre-interventional test. All three demonstrated a higher than average attention test score during the intervention period than pre-intervention. Conclusion : It was confirmed that IM training is applicable for community-dwelling older adults to improve their balance and cognitive function.


Peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are employed as the underlying infrastructure of P2P Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). However, the improper topology of this type of infrastructure prevents efficient propagation of alerts among IDS peers and hence quick detection. We propose an enhanced logical topology as the infrastructure of P2P IDSs. We demonstrate that using this method reduces the communication latency of P2P IDSs significantly. Therefore, the enhanced infrastructure can be integrated with the existing peer-to-peer IDS architectures to further improve their performance. Our evaluation results show the performance of the existing P2P IDSs can be improved around 70% in large scale environments.


According to the wind turbine noise test method based on IEC61400-11 ,a wind turbine noise rated at 60KW were tested at"Small and medium-sized wind turbine field test site"in Dongying City, Shandong Province,And the collected data were analyzed, including weighted apparent power level,1/3 frequency doubled range spectrum and pitch.This wind turbine noise emission characteristic of the study found that wind turbine running noise increase with the increase of wind speed is nonlinear, when the background noise has a linear growth with the increase of wind speed, discovered the main ingredients of this wind turbine noise was the broadband noise of 200 Hz to 2500 Hz, and the abnormal high frequency 6300 Hz audio was found by the analysis of the pitch.


Different levels of productivity and per-head GVA (Gross Value Added) are at the centre of growing regional disparities in the UK. GVA per head in the Midlands is one of the lowest in the UK, related to higher than national average unemployment and lower than average skills levels and investment in the region. In the West Midlands Combined Authority, GVA per head is £23,903, below the UK average of £27,555 leading to a £15.1bn output gap. This partly creates inequalities of opportunity and investment and increasing differences in the ability of the region to attract, develop and sustain businesses that create sufficient wealth to balance the costs of supporting the region. The lag in regional and local productivity is because of a combination of factors, including a shortage of skills, local industry structures, levels of investment and management practices.


SAT-based model checking is currently one of the most successful approaches to checking very large systems. In its early days, SAT-based (bounded) model checking was mainly used for bug hunting. The introduction of interpolation and IC3\PDR enable efficient complete algorithms that can provide full verification as well. In this paper, we survey several approaches to enhancing SAT-based model checking. They are all based on iteratively computing an overapproximation of the set of reachable system states. They use different mechanisms to achieve scalability and faster convergence. The first one uses interpolation sequence rather than interpolation in order to obtain a more precise over-approximation of the set of reachable states. The other approach integrates lazy abstraction with IC3 in order to achieve scalability. Lazy abstraction, originally developed for software model checking, is a specific type of abstraction that allows hiding different model details at different steps of the verification. We find the IC3 algorithm most suitable for lazy abstraction since its state traversal is performed by means of local reachability checks, each involving only two consecutive sets. A different abstraction can therefore be applied in each of the local checks. The survey focuses on hardware model checking, but the presented ideas can be extended to other systems as well.