Viruses interact genetically in various ways with bacterial and animal hosts, e.g. by lysogeny in bacteriophage and by incorporating a DNA copy of retrovirus RNA into the host genome. These phenomena lead to mutations, to the transfer of host genes by viruses, and to latent viruses being transmitted from generation to generation essentially as host genes. In contrast, there are no known examples of the incorporation of viral genomes into plant DNA. The most likely candidate for genetic interaction between plants and viruses is the increased number of mutations in maize associated with barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) infection reported by Sprague et al (51). Research on this infection was begun in 1960, but its history goes back to the time when H. H. McKinney was a graduate student investigating yellow spots in tobacco leaves infected with mosaic virus. McKinney was convinced that the yellow spots resulted from mutations in the virus (31,32). This implied that viruses had a genetic system similar to that of plants and animals, a radical idea at a time when viruses were considered a mysterious non-particulate infectious fluid. McKinney retained a life-long interest in the genetics of viruses, in the similar ity of virus symptoms in plants to mutations, and in the possibilities for genetic interaction between plants and viruses (8; H. H. McKinney, personal memoirs, privately published).


The aim of this paper is to clarify the definitionportugues medio' (Middle Portuguese), describing the historical, social and cultural factors which lead to this phase of the history of our language and presenting some variables that act as key phenomena to delimit the boundaries of Middle Portuguese.


The paper explores the reaction of new technology-based firms (NTBF) in Italy to the recent economic crisis. Using data from the RITA database on the Italian NTBF population founded since 1984, we document the consequences of the crisis in terms of: i) exit rates; ii) the growth rates of sales and employees in the firms that had survived the crisis at year-end 2009; and iii) the owner-managers 2010 performance expectations. Lastly, we describe how firms reacted to the crisis and the strategic changes it induced them to make. Our data show clearly that taking a "pro-active" approach not only led to higher growth rates in 2009, but also improved the outlook for 2010.


A liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) is operated at high liquid velocity, where particle entrainment is highly significant and between the conventional liquid fluidized bed and the dilute phase liquid transport regimes. LSCFB has potential applications in the fields of food processing, biochemical processing, and petrochemical and metallurgical processing. It is well known that the flow characteristics in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed are different from those of a conventional liquid-solid fluidized bed. The limited studies available in literature do not provide complete understanding of the flow structure in this typical regime. In the present work, experiments were carried out in a 0.0762 m ID and 3 m height laboratory-scale liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed apparatus by using various solid particles and tap water as fluidizing medium. In the experimental setup, two distributors (specially designed) were used to monitor solid circulation rate in the riser. The effects of operating parameters, i.e., primary liquid flow rate in the riser (Up), solid circulation rate (Gs), and particle diameter (dp), were analyzed from the experimental data. Finally, a correlation was developed from the experimental data to estimate average solid holdup in the riser, and it was compared with present experimental and available data in the literature. They agree well with a maximum root-mean-square deviation of 7.83%.


This paper re-examine the relationship between human capital and poverty. Using data from the Third National Household Survey in Cameroon (ECAM 3), and a nested logit model, this study shows that education alleviates poverty of people living close to the poverty line in Cameroon. Conversely, when the poor fall far below the poverty line the cost associated with education acquisition process tends to have a negative impact on their abilities to meet their basic needs for households in Cameroon. These results suggest that financially support the education of the poorest will lift them out of poverty.


This paper presents a study exposing the role of municipalities in sustainable development of the Brazilian's photovoltaic sector. It looked for the current public policies using photovoltaic solar energy source applied to the distributed generation sector, as well as it showed the extrafiscality in public actions that promote sustainable development in the electricity sector and its integration into the architectural reality of Brazilian cities. The general objective of the research is based on tax exemptions and public policies to promote sustainability, aiming at the actions of municipal entities and the integration of solar photovoltaic generating systems into the existing architecture of cities and the encouragement of new buildings with sustainable design. The present work was based on a bibliographic research, characterizing a qualitative and descriptive research. It was observed that sectoral industry is adapting to the cities reality and public policies are giving good results, promoting innovation and sustainability in energy production. It was concluded that the actions of public policies and extrafiscality by the federal entities are helping to increase the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil.


The aim of this master thesis was to examine the European Commission's information resources from a user perspective in order to clarify the needs and circumstances of the search of EU-information ...


Based on the success of the previous workshop on applications of emotional robots at HRI2013, we aim to provide a platform to continue the interdisciplinary exchange on this topic at HRI2014.


The paper provides data on 11 trematode species, found in 14 fish species from natural and artificial reservoirs of Kabardin-Balkariya. Eight trematode species are new in the republic`s fauna. It is established that the most widespread trematodes in local fish fauna are P.cuticola, T.clavata and D.helveticum.


Summary The aim of the article is to present the reasons for leaving the job in public schools by Polish teachers. The author describes the current situation of teachers in Poland, paying attention to their salaries and some expectations set for them. Based on the research results (N = 108), it was found that Polish teachers most often leave teaching in public schools for: financial reasons (too low salaries), being mobbed by the headteachers, divisions in the teachers' group and also too tough and outdated education system. These reasons are connected with internal and external motivations. Interestingly, after quitting a public school, almost 40% of the respondents wanted to stay in education field, 12% wanted to emigrate and 10% of respondents declared to move to the job which will be connected with ICT.


375 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin plus 5-FU (Neo DCF) is one of the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer (EC) based on the results of the JCOG1109 study, however, a high frequency (5-30%) of febrile neutropenia (FN) has been reported with NeoDCF and the elderly (patients) pts have higher risk for FN. A single arm phase II study indicated that use of primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim (PG) on day 3 of NeoDCF might prevent FN. We compared the frequency of neutropenia and FN with or without primary prophylactic administration of PG on day 3 of NeoDCF in elderly resectable EC pts. Methods: EC pts who had received NeoDCF between 2009 and 2022, were ≥70 years old, and had adequate organ functions and PS were selected for this retrospective study. Pts were divided into two groups with Day 3 PG-containing DCF (day3 prophylactic PG: D3PG) or No PG DCF (non-prophylactic PG: NPG). Three courses of DCF (DTX [day 1]: 70 mg/m2, CDDP [day 1]: 70 mg/m2, 5-FU [continuous infusion on days 1-5]: 750 mg/m2, every 3 weeks) were planned, and prophylactic antibiotics was administered on days 5-15 in each group if possible. We retrospectively evaluated the relative dose intensity (RDI), histopathological and clinical benefit, and adverse events. Results: A total of 67 pts (D3PG, 32; NPG, 35) with a median age of 73 years were identified. The PS (0/1/2) and clinical stage (I-II/III/ IVA-B [only supraclavicular lymph node]) were 18 (56.3%)/12 (37.5%)/2 (6.2%) and 1 (3.1%)/18 (56.3%)/13 (40.6%) in the D3PG group and 20 (57.1%)/15 (42.9%)/0 and 7 (20.0%)/24 (68.6%)/4 (11.4%) in the NPG group, respectively. Six pts in the D3PG group and 3 pts in the NPG group discontinued NeoDCF because of toxicity and progression. All pts except 1 in the D3PG group underwent surgery. The RDIs (DTX/CDDP/5-FU) were 0.90/0.83/0.90 in the D3PG group and 0.83/0.83/0.83 in the NPG group. Pts who achieved a pCR (D3PG/NPG) were 7/3 (22.6%/28.6%). The common grade ≥3 adverse events (D3PG/NPG) were neutropenia (12.5%/71.4%) and FN (6.3%/20.0%). Three-year relapse-free survival rate (D3PG/NPG) was 70.8%/54.4% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.525 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.189-1.457], p=0.216). Three-year survival rate (D3PG/NPG) was 91.8%/70.5% (HR 0.497 [95%CI 0.104-2.35], p=0.378), respectively. Conclusions: The use of primary prophylactic PG on day 3 of preoperative DCF improved the safety and maintained the RDI in the D3PG group. The efficacy was comparable between the D3PG and NPG groups despite the higher number of pts with more advanced disease in the D3PG group.


This study identifies the presence of early maladaptive schemas in controlled hypertensive patients at the Hospital San Juan de Dios in the municipality of Segovia (Colombia). The work was carried out based on the theoretical perspective of Jeffrey Young, who argues that ems serve as filters through which information is processed in daily life, and which affect how each situation is dealt with. Using a nonexperimental cross-sectional research study, ems are described and compared through use of the Young Questionnaire ysq - l2 (Castrillon, Chaves, Ferrer, Londono, Master, Marin y Schnitter, 2005) applied to two groups, consisting of 73 people diagnosed with hypertension and 64 normotensive subjects with similar demographic characteristics. The results show prevalent early maladaptive schemas involving abandonment, vulnerability to injury and illness and emotional inhibition. When compared with the second group, vulnerability to injury and disease was the only area that obtained higher scores.


: This study represents the anthropometric evaluation of the seventh grade students, from the Technological High School "Iorgu Vârnav Liteanu" Liteni, Suceava County. To carry out this study we researched the theoretical ideas of specialists in the field of somatic assessment, we appreciated the degree of development of functional capacity in students and we initiated a procedure structure specific to anthropometric measurements in children in the seventh grade. Research proves the effectiveness of the methodical practice of physical exercise on normal growth and harmonious development, on increasing functional capacity and improving sports results in juniors and children of both sexes. The purpose of this experimental study on the anthropometric profile of the seventh grade student is to identify the results of the two measurements, initial and final, comparing them and recommending means of somato-functional development in physical education to discover an ideal body shape human. measurements: height, weight, bust height, abdominal perimeter, arm width, sole length.


Chemical wastewater has been treated in moving bed biofilm reactor with suspended filler.When the HRT is more than 6 h and the filling proportion of reactor is 50%,effluent COD,NH 3 N,SS and turbidity can meet the national discharge standards.When the HRT is over 8 h,an excellent nitrification effect can be realized.


In this short wild and crazy paper we argue that cloud computing has a lot to learn from current cybercriminals who plague the internet with botnets, malware, viruses and extort money from all of us. We present basic distributed systems designs with a view of a hacker and argue that the same designs can be and are indeed used in cloud computing. Decentralized scheduling, network overlay, heterogneous and intermittent resources, redundancy of task execution and asynchronous messaging. All of it via secure channels and using the most widely used protocol http. With this angle we present Kestrel, a job scheduling framework built using XMPP messaging and customized for cloud resources. Our results show that Kestrel scales well over tens of thousands of nodes and we envision a one million agents deployment soon. Finally, we also argue that a botnet is the cheapest cloud with a reported $200 a week for 6,000 cores.


It is the purpose of this study to analyze the impact of IMF management system on the structural change of Taejeon regional economy during the period of 1998-2000. To analyze the impact of IMF management system on the structural change of Taejeon regional economy, Taejeon regional economy with fourteen industries of 1998-2000 was first extrapolated by the average trend of 1995-1997 economy under the assumption that without foreign currency crisis Taejeon regional economy would have continued on the basis of the past economic trend. And . then the extrapolated regional economy was compared with the actual regional economy made under the IMF management system. It was shown by study results that 11,496 firms had been dropped out, resulting into 27.67% structural change during the IMF management period. As a result, out of 14 industries four industries had been positively restructured while eight, negatively restructured; and one, not restructured. The structural change shows that the Taejeon economic structure characterized by consumption -centered service industries like food & beverage industries had been changed into the economic structure characterized by production-centered service industries like communication industries. The policy implication of this study results is that the structural change achieved during the IMF management period is the result of the forced structural change by the IMF management system. It is therefore recommended that the policy efforts to accelerate and sustain the above structural change should be continued more strongly than ever.


A number of techniques are available for modelling nonlinear elements, but most available hysteretic rules do not capture the gradual stiffness changes that are typical of physical systems. In particular, there has not previously been a hysteretic rule with rounded hysteretic corners that could be used to model self‐centering elements, where multiple stiffness changes occur within one loading cycle. This paper presents a new hysteretic rule that allows the gradual stiffness transitions that occur in real systems to be modelled. In this paper, the rule is formulated for flag‐shaped hystereses, but it is shown that the same model also produces hystereses that can be used to model systems that are not self‐centering. The same technique could also be applied to round the corners of different backbone hystereses.


We have used a number of experimental techniques to identify the photorefractive species in commercial samples of BaTiO3. We find that iron impurities (in the Fe and Fe states) are the most likely sodrce of photorefractive effect, although other transition metal impurities may also contribute.


Two simple and sensitive visible spectrophotometric methods (A and B) have been developed for the determination of sumatriptan succinate in bulk and tablet dosage forms. Methods (A and B) are based on the reaction of drug with aromatic aldehydes such as Vanillin or Para dimethyl amino cinnamaldehyde(PDAC) in the presence of sulphuric acid in non aqueous medium and formed purple red colored condensation products with an absorption maximum of 565nm for method A and 560nm for method B. The Beer's law obeyed in the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml for method A and 20-60µg/ml for method B. The proposed methods are applied to commercial available tablets and the results are statistically compared with those obtained by the reference method and validated by recovery studies. colorimetric method (20) , UV (21) and voltametry (22) have been reported in the literature. Even though there are two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the drug they are tedious, less sensitive and the results are often uncertain and most of the methods involve sophisticated equipments which are costly and pose problems of maintance.Hence they are not in the reach of most laboratories and small scale industries. So the authors have made some attempts in developing visible spectrophotometric methods and succeeded in developing two methods (A&B) using aromatic aldehydes (23,24) such as vanillin (method A) or PDAC(method B) ) in the presence of sulphuric acid in non aqueous medium and purple colored condensation products are formed and stable for 30 minutes. MATERIALS & METHODS (EXPERIMENTAL) Systronics UV/Visible spectrophotometer model -2203 with10mm matched quartz cells was used for all spectral measurements. All the chemicals used were of analytical grade. Sulphuric acid (14M), Vanillin (BDH, 0.4%, w/v 2.63x 10 -2 M), PDAC (E.Merck, 0.1% w/v 6.31x 10 -3 )


Key words : Woman, Psychology, Loving, Personality. This thesis presents "The Conflicts of the Main Character as The Effect of Her Personality in Sophie Kinsella's Confession of A Shopaholic" . The story tells about a shopaholic woman that has a financial problem. The aim of this thesis is to find out general description of Rebecca Bloomwood as the main character along with her personality changing. The descriptive qualitative research is used to gain the references relate to the object of the analysis. The structural approach is used to describe and learn the structural elements, such as character, characterization, and also conflict. Meanwhile, the psychological approach is used to analyze Rebecca Bloomwood's personality. The discussion was begun by analyzing the character, characterization, conflict and the changing of Rebecca Bloomwood's personality as the main character in the story After analyzing the novel, the result indicates that Rebecca Bloomwood is described as a developing character. she is described as she has not any control to herself to stop shopping; she likes to avoid her financial problems; a dreamer; selfish and childish. As developing character, Rebecca Bloomwood's personality is changing as brave, wise and mature than before


A three-dimensional finite element program has been prepared to study the behaviour of Infiernillo dam during construction and filling of the reservoir. A linear stress-strain behaviour of materials has been assumed. The parameters are deduced from the movements measured during construction, checked with the results of oedometer tests at the laboratory. The no tension strength of granular materials has been introduced following Zienkiewicz et al.9 Collapse of the upstream shell is introduced into the calculation in a simple way from the settlement observed upon flooding under constant stress at the oedometer.

A good agreement is found between measured and calculated movements.


Background: Many options are available for treatment sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease either surgical or medical, but surgery is preferred. There are many techniques for surgical treatment but there is controversy about the best technique. Until now there is no single procedure is superior in all aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate modified Bascom Clift lift procedure in management of. Patients and methods: From April 2014 to July 2018, 150 patients with pilonidal sinus were treated with Clift lift procedure and followed. Data collected tabulated and analyzed included complications, recurrence, post-operative hospital stay, days-off work, postoperative aesthetic appearance and patient's satisfactions. Results: There were 150 patients, 129 male and 21 females with M:F ratio. Their ages ranges from 16 to 45 year, with mean age 22.55± 8.5 year. Fifteen patients (10%) had previous operation for pilonidal sinus (recurrent). After operation all patient were mobilized at first day, mean postoperative pain VAS score were about 2(1-3) and discharged from hospital at 2nd day and were returned to daily activities after mean 7 day (6-12 days), return to work at mean (12.5) days with good healing within 10 days, postoperative wound infection had occurred only in three patients (2%). Patients satisfaction score were very good. No recurrence was observed during follow up period. Conclusion: Modified Bascom natal cleft lift is associated with good outcome, it is simple procedure and easy to learn, with early mobilization, short hospital stay early return to daily activities and work, and good patients satisfaction and to somewhat accepted post-operative scar. More studies with larger group of patients are needed especially in recurrent cases to come to consensus.


New, more sophisticated simulations of relativistic flows lead to large, complex data sets that represent the physical conditions within the flow. Generally, simulated radio maps generated from these datasets have not been carefully analyzed to maximize our understanding of how the physical conditions in the flow lead to the formation of bright radio features. We have developed a methodology for recording and then analyzing the physical conditions encountered by a given line of sight through the simulated jet. This method consists of three steps. We first perform a relativistic hydrodynamic simulation. we then use this simulation to generate simulated flux maps employing several thousand lines of sight. Based on the features in the map we select lines of sight and analyze, as a function of retarded time along these lines, the various factors that may have affected their intensity. Using this analysis we can understand what combination of events leads to the formation of individual bright features. The contributions of both relativistic effects and flow conditions can be seen. We show that both angle of view, which determines boost, and time-delay effects have a major impact on the jet's morphology and the location of bright features. This method's highly visual nature allows for a straight forward analysis of radio features arising from a complex flow, leading to a better understanding of the relationship between the physical flow and the radio map flux of relativistic jets.


It is an effective approach to use pump with multi-line spectrum to broaden the bandwidth of slow light based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). A novel method of generating multi-line spectrum is proposed and simulated, through which arbitrary numbers of spectral lines with arbitrary intervals can be obtained. The amplitude of each line is able to be tuned independently. These two merits enable to construct the shape of the gain spectrum of SBS as expected. The maximum broadened bandwidth of the pump is only limited by the bandwidth of related hardwares.


A deterministic model is given for populations of the quokka, S. brachyurus, at the West End of Rottnest I., W.A. A mathematical imitation of the quokka is defined. The mathematical "animal" is then required to breed in order to produce a population. Computer simulation has been used: thus the population is observed as output from the computer. Results include population numbers, age distributions, and the effects on the population of two different kinds of catastrophe.


The utility model relates to the technical field of electrical wires and cables, in particular to an environment protective electric cable which includes a wire core, filling materials and an outer jacket; a protective layer is wavily coated on the outer side of the outer jacket. The electric cable of the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, acid rain-resistance, pollution-resistance, cleaning-resistance, self-cleaning, anti-aging as well as anti-bacterium and mould proofing.


Deep learning constitutes a recent, modern technique for new variants in agriculture with quality yield, minimal resources, and large potential. As deep learning has been successfully applied in various domains, it has recently entered also the domain of agriculture. In this paper, hydroponic farming is employed using deep learning techniques for tomato plant production addressing major challenges for increasing the production using a small area for cultivation and also in a short span of time. By examining the production and agricultural problems understudy the novel technology of smart farming techniques can be implemented for overall performance. Hydroponic system, multi-planned air flow, moisture, amount of nutrients thresholds of carbon dioxide and nitrogen can be controlled and operated using deep learning techniques. IoT sensors and use of UAVs assist in controlling the other aspects of production. The study evaluates the application of deep learning methods on tomato plants for optimizing high quality yields of production. In this research study 1500 sq. ft. land was used for cultivating the hydroponic farming of tomato plants automating supply of nutrients, water and use of controlled environment with low cost. This study was conducted for about six months from March 2020 to September 2020. The results show that 27% production was increased yielding best quality tomatoes with minimum investment and time span.


Now besieging bidding becomes common increasingly,so the measures to restrict besieging bidding activities haven been taken into the owner's account. Recently the Price-fixing Bidding,as a new arisen bidding way to restrict besieging bidding activities and to protect the profits of owners and nation,is attracting the attention from several owners and local governments.This paper analyzes the Price-fixing Bidding's influence on besieging bidding based on game theory and economic analytical methods.Then it is proved that the Price-fixing Bidding can restrict besieging bidding activities efficiently.


The article reports on the well-known self-healing tendency and radiosensitivity of blastomatous haemangiomas. The change in treatment methods is shown. According to our experience collected during 1950--1964 and 1964--1968 there is a trend towards lower dosage. During the 1969--1976 period, 554 blastomatous haemangiomas were exposed to low-dosage radiation. Sr90 treatment (1000--2000 rd) yielded very good results, soft radiation being somewhat more unfavourable at our dosage level (usually 600 rd) than our previous higher dosage, which means a slight correction towards increasing the dosage should be effected. The overall result is better if treatment is initiated during the first half year of life. Radiation therapy is the method of choice in blastomatous haemangiomas. It should be employed frequently despite the high self-healing quota, since 1. there are practically no unfavourable side effects if the dosage is kept at a low level; 2. retrogression is accelerated; 3. the cosmetic result, which is not always quite satisfactory in self-healing, can usually be improved upon by radiation; and, finally, 4. the risk of ulceration and haemorrhage is reduced.


Maize production in Rhodesia is of a high standard, and in recent years maize grain has been increasingly used in systems of beef production, primarily as the major constituent of fattening rations. In the higher rainfall areas especially, this has resulted in greatly increased output and turnover. It has also been demonstrated that the greater use of maize in sheep enterprises would be distinctly advantageous. (O'Donovan, Grant & Elliott, 1972). The local markets for milk, pig products and poultry are saturated, and export markets for these products are limited. There is, however, a large and expanding export market for beef, and recent experience suggests that the market for small stock, especially goats, may be much greater than is generally supposed. Large scale expansion of the livestock industry thus depends on increasing the output of meat from ruminants, especially beef cattle. Because maize is an efficient food-producing plant, and maize grain in particular is used efficiently by livestock, it is often suggested or implied that, in terms of feed, the expansion of the beef industry calls for no more than an increased use of maize. However, examination of the structure of beef production systems in Rhodesia shows that in the higher rainfall areas, where maize can be grown successfully, the usual block to expansion is not the supply of maize, but of veld grazing and other roughage feed for breeding and growing stock. This may apply when only 2 to 3 % of the area of the farm is used for maize production. For example, the average situation in one of the more intensively farmed Intensive Conservation Areas in the Mazoe Valley is as follows:


Receptor-ligand binding has been one of the more popular approaches to specifically targeting tumor cells. In this work, targeting efficiency was quantitatively characterized using silica particles functionalized with EpCAM antibodies and EpCAM-expressing BT-20 breast cancer cells. The effects of incubation time and particle concentration on the number of functionalized particles bound to target cells were experimentally investigated. The number of bound particles was found to increase with particle concentration, but not necessarily with incubation time. While particle desorption and cellular loss of binding affinity in time seem to be negligible, cell-particle-cell interaction was identified as the limiting mechanism for the number of particles bound to target cells. The current findings suggest that separation of a bound particle from a cell may be detrimental to cellular binding affinity.


This paper presents examples of rubrics that can be used in the assessment of the acquisition of generic skills in accounting education. A rubric is a matrix containing the various factors of an assignment along one dimension (rows) and descriptors of the qualitative levels of accomplishment along the other dimension (columns). A rubric can facilitate the grading of assignments and help students improve their generic skills. Examples of rubrics are presented that educators may find beneficial to enhance the generic skills of their students. This paper illustrates five different rubrics and provides an in-depth discussion on how the ethics rubric was used to assess students learning.


This paper analyses the importance of enforcing voluntary librarian in university library,and puts forward the strategies and purposes for the construction of voluntary librarian.


The threat of global warming has attracted considerable attention from policy makers around the world. We analyse public support for environmental protection and the main drivers of support in Australia and cross-nationally using survey data from the International Social Survey and the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes. Support is measured as a series of trade-off questions based on willingness to pay extra taxes or prices, or accept cuts to one's standard of living to protect the environment. Willingness to pay more for environmental protection has decreased across a range of countries from 1993 to 2000 with the 'routinisation' of 'the environment' as a political issue. Risk perceptions regarding the dangers of global warming, having a tertiary education and holding post-materialist value orientations all increase the willingness to pay for environmental protection. In Australia, environmental support is still divided along partisan lines and global warming was as an important issue in the 2007 federal election.


Shoulder Hand Syndrome is used to describe painful disabilities of the upper extremity due to disturbances of sympathetic nerve supply. A 72 year old male developed hemiplegia on left side on the 5 days after open heart surgery of aortic valve replacement.
Three months later, the patient complained of severe pain in the left upper extremity in- volving shoulder. The left hand showed swelling and flaccid paralysis. Thereafter the left stel- late garglion block with 10 ml of l% lidocaine produced prompt pain relief. Thereafter the pa- tient received 94 stellate ganglion block during 7 months which produced permanent remission of pain throughout a 1 year follow period. We recommand sympathetic block for of Shoulder Hand Syndrome following hemiplegia.


The interpersonal affect, a li ke–dislike relationship between a supervisor and his/her subordinate, has traditionally been conceptualized as a source of bias in performance appraisals. However, some researchers have argued that the interpersonal affect may not be a bias, especially where it develops as a result of past performance. In this field study, using data from 190 supervisors in the US, and 113 supervisors in India, we delineate the relationship between interpersonal affect and performance ratings. In both samples, interpersonal affect and performance level were found to have significant effects on performance ratings. Results from the US sample indicated that raters are able to separate their liking for a subordinate from actual performance when a ssigning performance ratings, suggesting that the interpersonal affect does not operate as a bias in the appraisal process. Results from the Indian sample, however, suggest that supervisors inflate ratings of low performers, suggesting that local cultural norms may be operating as a moderator.


This study aims to determine the factors that make the seven countries recognized to have the best education system in the world and to find out what things can be taken from the 7 best country systems in the world that can be applied in Indonesia. The method used is literature study. From this study there are some results that can be concluded that there are several factors that make the 7 countries recognized as having the best education system in the world. There are 23 factors in Finland, 4 factors in South Korea, 5 factors in Hong Kong, 10 factors in Japan, 3 factors in Singapore, 3 factors in the Netherlands and 7 factors in Canada. These factors can be emulated and applied to the education system in Indonesia.


The potential of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey for wide-field variability studies is illustrated using multi-epoch observations for 3,000,000 point sources observed in 700 deg of sky, with time spans ranging from 3 hours to 3 years. These repeated observations of the same sources demonstrate that SDSS delivers ∼0.02 mag photometry with well behaved and understood errors. We show that quasars dominate optically faint (r >∼ 18) point sources that are variable on time scales longer than a few months, while for shorter time scales, and at bright magnitudes, most variable sources are stars.


Two kinds of spraying technology of anti-erosion used in last stage blades of steam turbine was introduced;the microstructure and the properties of coatings obtained by the two kinds of spraying technology;the application performances of two kinds of spraying technology were compared by Erosion experiments. the theoretical basis is provided for domestic HVOF technology replacing the foreign DS technology in the future, achieving the localization of the spray coatings for turbine blades.


The main objective of this article is to estimate, based on the Brazilian Annual National Sample Household Surveys (Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicilios – PNADs/IBGE) of 1996 to 1999, the proportion and numbers of children in circulation in Brazil. The PNAD from 1985 was also used because it contains variables such as the age at which the child began circulating and the reason he or she left home; this data is not available in the other PNADs. Despite the basically descriptive and exploratory character of this article, the results obtained provide information on the circulation of children, an area that has not been considered in depth in Brazilian demography.


This paper is an analytical study on natural two-dimensional convection in horizontal rectangular channels filled by isotropic and anisotropic porous media. The channel walls, assumed to be impermeable and perfectly heat conducting, are nonuniformly heated to establish a linear temperature distribution in the vertical direction. The authors derive the critical Rayleigh numbers for the onset of convection and examine the steady flow patterns at moderately supercritical Rayleigh numbers. The stability properties of these flow patterns are examined against two-dimensional perturbations using a weakly nonlinear theory.


In the publication the scientific analysis of the researches of the organization of delivery of health care to children of the first years of life described in domestic and foreign literature with violation of visual functions, its staging, changes and innovations in connection with the increasing tendencies of quantity of cases of developing of a blindness and a decrease in visual functions is provided in early children's age, as in the world and in the countries of the European region, and in Ukraine, in particular. Features of the organization of rendering the treatment-and-prophylactic help to children with violations of visual functions at early age (from first years of life) as primary medical care in out-patient and polyclinic conditions, and in hospitals with rendering secondary medical and tertiary highly specialized medical care are analyzed. It is proved feasibility of complex intersectoral approach with involvement of parents in which families the child with violation of visual functions at early age, a medical personnel, specialists of education, visual impairment specialists in the solution of a complex medico-social problem of the organization of process of treatment, rehabilitation, education and development of children with violation of visual functions is brought up.


The major Haifeng-Meilong fault trending NE and a series of small faults parallel to it are distributed in the Haifeng earthquake region. Besides, there also exist disconnected conjugate faults trending NW. The nodal planes of the focal mechanisms of the largest shocks of each of the three sub-swarms are quite similar and one of the nodal plane is trending NE and that of the other NW. According to the space distribution of the aftershock sequences and the direction of the longer axis of the maximum intensity region, the faults causing the earthquake ML 3.3 on February 26 and ML 4.2 on April 9 should strike NE while that associated with the event ML 3.4 on March 14 strikes NW. In addition, by examining the data of signs of first motion of 137 small earthquakes recorded by four seismic stations, we found that there are eight types of combinations from which composite focal mechanisms can b eobtained. Therefore the fracturing process associated with the main-shock as well as theⅠ, Ⅵ type small earthquakes are stick-slip of rock masses along conjugate faults trending NE and NW. The small earthquakes of the Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ types are concerned with the. shear fractures caused by a transformed stress field resulted from compression on adjacent rockmasses at the front and tension on the rear and parallel to the direction of slip during the stick-slip of rockmasses.


Previous research has shown that hops contain enzymes able to hydrolyze unfermentable dextrins into fermentable sugars when added during the dry-hopping process. In the presence of live yeast, these additional fermentable sugars can lead to an over-attenuation of the beer; a phenomenon known as "hop creep". This study attempts to analyze the effect of different Saccharomyces yeast species and strains on hop creep, with the intent to find an ability to mitigate the effects of dry-hop creep by using a specific yeast. Thirty different yeast species and strains were chosen from commercial and academic collections and propagated for pilot fermentations. Brews were performed at the Anheuser-Busch Research Brewery (1.8 hL, 10 °P, 20 IBU) at UC Davis and split to 40 L cylindroconical fermenters, with one fermenter in each yeast pair receiving 10 g/L Centennial hop pellets towards the end of fermentation. Standard analytical measurements were performed over the course of fermentation, with real degrees of fermentation (RDF) and extract measured on an Anton Paar alcolyzer. In order to preemptively determine the amount of hop creep to be experienced with each unknown fermentation, bench-top fermentations with 20 g/L dry-hops were performed concurrently and compared to the pilot scale fermentations. RDF was significantly higher (p < 0.01) on dry-hopped than non-dry-hopped fermentations beginning two days post dry-hopping to the end of fermentation, with the exceptions of SafAle™ BE-134, a S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus, and UCDFST 11-510, a S. mikatae. No apparent correlation between flocculation and increased RDF was shown in dry-hopped treatments. pH was significantly different between the dry-hopped and non-hopped fermentations (p < 0.05 one day post dry-hop, p < 0.01 for all subsequent days); this may have impacted on additional attenuation. No yeasts in this study indicated their use for mitigation of dry-hop creep, but this is a first look at beer fermentation for some of the chosen yeasts. The results also present a new perspective on how hop creep varies in fermentation.


Themain problem encountered in this thesis is the lack of research and knowledge of selective laser melted-printing with Uddeholm Dievar®. This absence of information could cause issues regarding quality and properties of the alloy as well as uncertainty regarding an appropriate heat treatment cycle. This thesis mainly focuses on observing the changes that occur in the microstructure when Uddeholm Dievar® is manufactured through the additive manufacturing (AM) method known as selective laser melting (SLM). The SLMmethod consists of a high-power laser that melts together thin layers of powder, one layer at a time, until a three-dimensional product is created according to selected drawings. The methodology on which this thesis is based on is the execution of a theoretical study, scientific experiments and thermodynamic calculations. Analysis of the microstructure is performed using a scanning electron microscope with techniques such as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The purpose of the methods are to map the constituent elements of the alloy and observe the orientation of the crystallographic phases in the atomic lattice respectively. The results show that the powder, both before and after printing, mainly consists of martensite with a low amount of residual austenite. The amount of primary carbides is relatively low and has been classified as MC (V-rich) and/or M6C (Morich) type. The remaining residual austenite could be explained by the segregation of constituent alloying elements, where the carbon content is a dominant factor to why the MS-temperature lowers significantly causing the presence of retained austenite even though SLM has a cooling rate that varies between 10 and 10 [K/s].


The purpose of this research is to measure the free-decay dynamics of a magnetorheological (MR) sandwich beam when influenced by a semi-active magnetic field and comparing the resulting damping performance to those of baseline fields. The research effort involved an experiment where the beam freely decayed while in a magnetic field that influences the MR sandwich beam, altering its damping performance. In addition to baseline cases of no magnetic field or a constant field, the electromagnet also had a field that would shut off after a set time and a field that would switch between a high and low field strength at a certain frequency. These results were also recreated numerically, which required an experimental modal analysis to gather certain material property data. The experimental findings showed little variation in the damping performance regardless of the magnetic field used, while the numerical analysis indicate that the magnetic fields would quicken damping, but only slightly. The results suggest that improvements to the sandwich beam structure may yield the greatest improvement in MR-fluid-based damping performance.


Nongovemmental diplomacy is an important component of China's diplomatic work. As early as in the 1950s Premier Zhou Enlai had already said that China's diplomacy is one that combines official, semi-official and nongovernmental diplomacy.Over the past half a century


The transition structures for the intramolecular hydrogen atom abstractions of the butoxy radical, the triplet and the radical cation states of butanal, and the radical cation of butanol, as well as that of the thermal retro-ene reaction of butanal, were located with ab initio molecular orbital calculations. These processes are the rate- and/or product-determining steps in common reactions like the Barton reaction, the Norrish type II photochemical reaction, and the McLafferty rearrangement of radical cations in mass spectrometry. The corresponding intermolecular hydrogen abstractions from methane by the methoxy radical, triplet formaldehyde, formaldehyde radical cation, and the methanol radical cation were located for comparison, using UHF theory and correlation theory corrections at the MP2 level. Differences in activation energy are related to the electronic differences between closed-shell, open-shell, and charged open-shell systems


The approach suggested in this analysis stems from basic material science laws and considers that any environmental degradation of polymer composites ultimately consists in chemical link and cohesion force alteration. Such alteration leads to the modification of material viscoelastic characteristics that can be measured through stress relaxation or creep. Then the analysis deals with the applicability of the time-temperature shift principle for prediction test in cases involving environmental degradation. It is demonstrated that the shift factor as determined from Arrhenius Law needs to incorporate an additional term to account for the variation of the activation energy of the chemical and physical degradation. The method leads to excellent prediction of the time and environment dependent material strength.


Presently, climate change plays an important role as it gives a serious impact to the living things on earth. Analyzing the trend of climate change is very important in identifying the pattern of changes because it can give an initial overview for future analysis. In this study, trend analysis was carried out to study the pattern of changes for five climate change parameters, such as total amount of monthly precipitation (mm), monthly average temperature (°C), monthly average global radiation (MJm–2), monthly average wind speed (m/s) and monthly average humidity (%) during the period of 1974 to 2010. Comparisons were made between two research stations, which were the Senai International Airport and Kluang Meteorological Stations. In this study, the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator test were used to identify the monotonic trend for these climate change parameters. As a result of this analysis, the precipitations showed no trend for both locations and the radiation showed no trend in Kluang from both analyses. Meanwhile, other parameters in Senai and Kluang showed a monotonic trend, according to the Tau value (Z) and the Sen's slope value. The temperature shows a positive trend for both locations.


Abstract Smart phone-based technology for people with Parkinson's disease has been developed worldwide. Unmonitored non-motor symptoms decrease quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease, so the needs for technology to manage non-motor symptoms are increasing. The technology is needed to detect subtle changes in non-motor symptoms by healthcare professional. There is no mobile app which manage comprehensive symptoms of Parkinson's disease including non-motor symptoms. It is necessary to develop a new tracking system that can effectively manage non-motor symptoms as well as motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We developed a prototype of mobile app for Android smartphones, with cooperation with Mazelone company. we also have shaped functions for monitoring of motor symptoms and medication adherence. It also provided a section for caregivers to use on behalf of people with Parkinson's disease who have difficulty to use app due to hand tremor. Through Delphi technique, we obtained content validity from eight medical and nursing experts on the contents of the application. We provided regular telephone counseling to improve and encourage their app usage. Fifteen participants used the app for 6 weeks. To evaluate usability of mobile app, we provided constructed questionnaire and conducted individual telephone interview. A mobile app for tracking non-motor symptoms demonstrated high usability and satisfaction. We learned lessons about facilitators and barriers when implementing an app such as perception and acceptance of mobile technology. The mobile app will improve continuum of care. Future studies need to improve the contents and refine technical approach for people with Parkinson's disease.


Algol is a triple stellar system consisting of a close semidetached binary orbited by a third object. Due to the disputed spatial orientation of the close pair, the third body perturbation of this pair is a subject of much research. In this study, we determine the spatial orientation of the close pair orbital plane using the CHARA Array, a six-element optical/IR interferometer located on Mount Wilson, and state-of-the-art e-EVN interferometric techniques. We find that the longitude of the line of nodes for the close pair is Ω1 = 48° ± 2° and the mutual inclination of the orbital planes of the close and the wide pairs is 95° ± 3°. This latter value differs by 5° from the formerly known 100°, which would imply a very fast inclination variation of the system, not borne out by the photometric observations. We also investigated the dynamics of the system with numerical integration of the equations of motions using our result as an initial condition. We found large variations in the inclination of the close pair (its amplitude ∼170°) with a period of about 20 millennia. This result is in good agreement with the photometrically observed change of amplitude in Algol's primary minimum.


Efficient shoot multiplication was standardised using in vitro shoot explants of commercial varieties of gerbera using MS medium with different levels of IAA (0.1 and 0.2 mg/1), BAP (1 and 2 mg/1) and kinetirt (1,5 and 10 mg/1). Shoot multiplication was early on half strength MS medium while full strength MS medium produced higher number of shoots with better shoot length and shoot weight. GJ-1 performed best in the treatment combination of full strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/1 1AA and 1 mg/1 BAP or 5 mg/1 kinetin. GJ-2 performed best in treatment combinatrion of 0.1 mg/1 1AA and 1 mg/1 BAP or 5 mg/1 kinetin. Whereas the dwarf variety GJ-3 performed better in 0.2 mg/1 IAA and 1 mg/1 BAP or 5 mg/I kinetin. Effect of growth regulators was different in all three varieties, since varieties did not perform uniformly in one common nutrient medium combination.


We have supposed that protein crystals are stabilized mainly by nonelectrostatic protein-protein contact interactions. Each type of protein in its particular crystal lattice will be modeled by particular values of ∆h0 and ∆s0. For our comparison to experiments in the main text, we have simply taken those two quantities as fit parameters. Here we make a few simple estimates to see if those values can be rationalized in terms of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions.


Using information quality attributes to characterize and measure the information quality is necessary to ensure the successful soft and hard data fusion outcome, especially when fusing data of often poor quality such as most of open source data. This paper presents a set of deep learning natural language processing methods for extracting information from open source data which incorporates the information quality attributes, relevance and importance, in a soft and hard information fusion system for decision support so as to enhance context of open source data. The methods are applied and evaluated in the context of maritime situation understanding.


A blimp-borne survey system was developed to measure the geomagnetic field at low altitude, with a portable proton-precession magnetometer and a portable global positioning system (GPS) installed in a small radio-controlled blimp. The total weight of the instruments was well below the blimp payload of 25kg. The result of the blimp-borne survey which we carried out in the Tanna Basin was compared with that of the ground survey in the same area. It was then confirmed that a magnetic anomaly map could successfully be derived from the blimp survey.


A.M. Burton, V. Bruce, Naming Faces and Naming Names: Exploring an Interactive Activation Model of Person Recognition. L. Cipolotti, J. McNeil, E.K. Warrington, Spared Written Naming of Proper Nouns: A Case Report. M. Craigie, J.R. Hanley, Access to Visual Information from a Name is Contingent on Access to Identity Specific Semantic Information. C. Semenza, T.M. Sgaramella, Production of Proper Names: A Clinical Case Study of the Effects of Phonemic Cueing. E.K. Warrington, F. Clegg, Selective Preservation of Place Names in an Aphasic Patient: A Short Report. T. Valentine, V. Moore, B. Flude, A. Young, A. Ellis, Repetition Priming and Proper Name Processing: Do Common Nouns and Proper Names Prime Each Other? T. Brennen, The Difficulty with Recalling People's Names: The Plausible Phonology Hypothesis. S. Bredart, Retrieval Failures in Face Naming. H. Goodglass, A Wingfield, Selective Preservation of a Lexical Category in Aphasia: Dissociation in Comprehension of Body Parts and Geographical Place Names Following Focal Brain Lesion. M. La Palma Reyes, J. Macnamara, G. Reyes, H. Zolfaghari, Proper Names and How They are Learned. J. Brooks, L. Friedman, J. Gibson, J. Yesevage, Spontaneous Mnemonic Strategies Used by Older and Younger Adults to Remember Proper Names.


A GaN based field effect transistor (FET) on a silicon substrate is a promising candidate for next generation switching and RF power devices due to its high breakdown electric fields, high drift velocity and low substrate cost. A normally-off operation with a low on-resistance is important to utilize the GaN FETs as switching devices used for power supplies for computer systems and power modules for hybrid vehicles. A recessed gate structure has been reported to realize the normally-off GaN FETs with low on-resistance [1–3]. However, there still exists an issue of the insufficient uniformity in threshold voltage (Vth) due to lack of an available etch stop layer under the gate. RF power GaN FETs on Si substrates have been mainly developed for power amplifiers used for Cellular and WiMax base stations at an operating frequency of 2–5 GHz [4]. The maximum operating frequency of the reported GaN FETs on a Si substrate was up to 10 GHz [5, 6]. There is no report of a GaN FET on a Si substrate for millimeter- wave range applications such as automotive radar systems. In this paper, we describe a GaN switching device with high Vth uniformity and low on-resistance using novel piezo neutralization (PNT) technique and a 76 GHz GaN power amplifier(PA) on a Si substrate using 0.15-µm-gate GaN FETs and low-loss Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) lines.


Demand and supply balancing is the key technology for power management and high-efficiency planning. As the smart metering device is getting popular in the Japan, USA, and EU, the more data from smart meters can be collected for the better forecast. Demand forecasts are based on the machine learning technology. As the increase of the demanders, it is known that the forecasted error will be decreased. However, there is still a certain number of error left even though we have a large number of demanders in the demander portfolio. In this research, we found a new law between individuals demand forecast and total demand forecast. It explains the reason of limitation of the forecast is caused by non-independent covariance between the demanders. Based on this result, we presented a method to reduce possible forecast error by the management of demander portfolio. This result can serve as a guideline for the power company to acquire new demanders to keep the demand and supply balance.


This paper proposes a model of firm valuation in high-velocity environments. Such environments are characterized by extreme uncertainty that decrease the explanation power of most of the known theo...


Preface Organization of this book Chapter Summaries Introduction Social Inequality in Chicago Slums Railroads as Indicators of Civilized Society Early Social Ecology: Spatial Studies of Chicago Relevant Web Sites 1. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems What is a Geographic Information System? Understanding GIS The "G" in GIS The "I" in GIS The "S" in GIS Summary Relevant Web Sites 2. GIS Basics An Example of a Spatially-Based Study GIS Data Formats Spatial Data Formats GIS Data Models Topological and Raster Data Models and Analysis Approaches Data Compression and Packaging Essential Mapping Concepts So What Do I Do? GIS Output Summary Relevant Web Sites Suggested Reading 3. Topics for Sociospatial Research Introduction What Value Does GIS Present in Social Science Research? Exploring and Integrating Information Determining Project Goals Guiding Questions How To: Steps in the Process Relevant Web Sites 4. Research Design Inductive Versus Deductive Approach to Research What Is the Purpose of Your Research? Stages of Sociospatial Research for Deductive Research The Role of Time Errors in Human Inquiry Ecological Fallacy Ethics and GIS Relevant Web Sites Suggested Reading 5. Qualitative Research Methods and GIS Introduction Grounded Theory: GIS Using an Inductive Approach Grounded Theory and GIS Sociospatial Grounded Theory Using GIS Questions to Guide Integration of GIS Into Field Research Local Sources of Data Oral History Interviews Participant Observation News as a Source of Data Ethnography and GIS Case Studies and GIS Public Participation and GIS Relevant Web Sites 6. GIS Data Collection and Development (Sources, Input, and Output) Introduction Data Acquisition Evaluating Data Suitability Obtaining GIS Data From the Internet Obtaining Data From Offline Sources How Can I Use My Own Data? Approaching the Use of GIS With and Without Computer in the Field Data Collection Considerations Unit of Analysis Database Concepts and GIS Rules for GIS Database Development Creating GIS-Friendly Data Tables Integrating Other Types of Data GIS Output Conclusions Relevant Web Sites 7. Measurement Introduction Type of Data Source: Primary or Secondary Concepts, Variables, and Attributes Operationalization of Concepts in GIS Different Data Types: Matching Geographic and Social Variables? Validity and Reliability Data Sampling and GIS Study Area and Sample Unit Boundaries Factors Affecting Choice of GIS Variables Relevant Web Sites Suggested Reading 8. Data Documentation and Model Development The Importance of Ground Truthing Data Documenting Data Accuracy and Quality (Metadata) Analytical Approach Phases of Abstraction Statistical Outputs From GIS Relevant Web Sites 9. Analysis, Interpretation, and Application Analysis Techniques Cartographic Classification Buffer and Overlay Proximity Polygons and Nearest Neighbors Social Networks and Network Analysis Topographic Tools Spatial Interpolation and Simulation Modeling When to Use GIS as a Problem-Solving Tool Potential Pitfalls Relevant Web Sites 10. Future Opportunities for Social Research and GIS Linking GIS and the Social Sciences Using GIS to Study Society and Change Identifying Social Inequality GIS City Case Example Government and GIS Data Continuity Over Time Metadata Documentation of Your Data Future Directions for GIS and Social Sciences Visualization and GIS Faster Response Time Impact of Tools for the Future Parting Thoughts Some Suggestions for Student Research Projects Relevant Web Sites Glossary Web Links References Index


Because crowdfunding is a relatively new phenomenon there is little experience with the VAT consequences of crowdfunding. In February 2015, the European Commission shared its thoughts on the issue in a report to the VAT committee. The VAT committee subsequently adopted guidelines on the VAT treatment of crowdfunding. This report and these guidelines are a reason for the author to have a closer look at the VAT consequences of the concept of crowdfunding. When doing this, the author distinguishes between four types of crowdfunding: donation based crowdfunding (section 2), reward based crowdfunding (section 3), credit based crowdfunding (section 4) and equity based crowdfunding (section 5), but also between the positions of the platforms, the persons contributing ("investors") and the persons receiving the funding ("investees"). In the next sections, the author discusses the VAT committee guidelines in each section separately. For donation based crowdfunding there is no VAT committee guideline. Therefore, in Section 2, the author only discusses the opinion of the European Commission.


Ethercom is a project which introduces many s.spects of network communication, process synchronization, and scheduling at a level suitable for an undergraduate e operating systems or networks course. The project requires a Unix workstation equipped with a microphone and speaker. The project is developed in stages starting from simple 1/0 to the audio device. The final development is two-way corn. munication over a network using lightweight processes and asynchronous 1/0. When they have completed the project, students can sit at their workstations and converse with counterparts at remote sites. Variations and enhancements for the basic project are suggested including a monitor implement ation of communication. Libraries of simplified routines for 1/0 and network communication are also available via anonymous ftp.


Consider two methods of spatial averaging of sound pressure squared in a diffuse sound field: (1) continuous averaging along a straight line of length N and (2) discrete averaging of Neq independent sampling points. Is there a unique equivalent number of independent sampling points Neq that gives the same reduction in variability as continuous averaging along a straight line of length X? The answer is that the equivalent number of independent sampling points depends upon whether sound power or sound level (in decibels or nepers) is used as a measure of variability. For sound power, the equivalent number of discrete independent sampling points equals approximately Neq (power) ≐ X/0.5λ, where X is the length of the (straight‐line) averaging interval and λ is the wavelength. For sound level, the equivalent number of independent sampling points Neq (level) ≐ X/0.3λ. Thus, the concept of "equivalent number of independent sampling points" has to be applied with some caution.


Multithreading allows operations to execute simultaneously without impeding the progress of other operations. Likewise, multithreading can minimize latency and ensure predictability in real-time systems [6]. This article describes and evaluates common CORBA multithreading architectures used by ORB implementations, including CORBAplus, HP ORB Plus, miniCOOL, MT-Orbix, TAO, and VisiBroker. The following are common motivations for developing and using multithreaded ORBs:


Abstract : A comprehensive study of the losses in ruby lasers is described. The passive losses (umpumped crystal) were studied with a 6328A laser probe and a scanning interferometer. In the optically pumped crystal, the excited-state population was inferred from excited-state absorption at 6328A, and then used to accurately determine active laser losses. For high quality ruby crystals, losses were on the order of 0.03/cm in the passive state, increasing to approximately twice this value when optically pumped. Observed losses at 6328A were in good agreement with calculations based on Mie scattering cross-sections. The excited-state absorption coefficient from the 2E level in ruby at 6943A was found to be 0.0 plus or minus 0.05/cm. Losses due to thermal distortion of the ruby rod were found to be negligible during pulsed operation of the laser. An appendix to this report gives a detailed description of the spherical-mirror Fabry-Perot interferometer, and specific interferometer designs are discussed. (Author)


A non-linear Tavis Cummings model is studied, especially, t wo two-level atoms interacting with two modes of radiation fi eld with Stark shift effect. The time-dependent wave function a nd consequently the density matrix are obtained from which w e discussed the effect of Stark shift on different statistical aspects f or the present system, for example, atomic inversion, entan glement, variance squeezing and degree of coherence. It is observed that the St ark shift parameter plays an important role on the evolution of these aspects. When Stark shift parameter moves away from 1, the atomic inve rsion is shifted upwards, entanglement decreases and more s que zing occur.


Turbine blades in aircraft engines are components that are exposed to high temperatures, high mechanical loads and corrosion. To protect the base material a thin metallic corrosion protective layer as well as a ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC) is usually applied to the first stage turbine blades. Due to th low magnetic permeability and electric conductivity a differentiated material characterization of the 20 ... 100 μm thick corrosion protective coating and the base material is difficult using conventional eddy current technology. The usage of high-frequency eddy current technology in the frequen cy ra ge up to 100 MHz allows a significant reduction of the eddy current penetration depth and is therefore well suited for the non-destructive material characterization of thi metallic coatings on a metallic base material. Experimental investigations were carried out using Inconel 718 samples with 20 ... 300 μm thick, thermal sprayed NiCrAlY coatings as well as high pressure turbine blades made of PWA 1426 an d PWA 1440 with PtAlor MCrAlY coatings and TBCs. It will be shown that the HF eddy current technology allows a quick estimation of the turbine blade 's corrosion protective layer condition and TBC thickness in one measurement by an alysing the local electric characteristics and the lift-off effect.


Abstract Formal models of elections typically assume that voters are sure of their ideal points on the policy spectrum. Meanwhile, the empirical evidence suggests that voters are often uncertain about their ideal positions. In addition, alienation appears to play a key role in explaining voter turnout in elections. Using a spatial model that incorporates abstentions and the concepts of alienation and tolerance, I show that a positive correlation between extreme policy preferences and certainty among voters can affect voter turnout and result in the divergence of candidate policy choices.


This research uses the Conditioned Emotional Intervention Technique(CEIT) in treating a client with obsessive bladder with an intervention for 20 days with 90 minute session daily for one time.A multiple baseline simple subject design was employed to conduct experiment and examine the treatment effect.Baseline observation period displays obvious stability of the symptoms of compulsions.After formal intervention the client's compulsions significantly improved and the results of obsessive bladder survey presented a declining trend.After the whole intervention finished,the obsessive bladder of the client was almost eliminated and 15-month follow up had no relapse.According to the results,we can infer that the CEIT is an helpful and effective method in treating obsessive bladder.


The paper represents design considerations and simulation of a digital control system for six pulse thyristorised rectifier. This rectifier is used to power the thermal hydraulic based R&D experimental facilities to simulate the power and temperature transients occurs in nuclear reactor. In order to maintain precisely the predetermined value of DC output power/output current for simulated nuclear fuel channel of experimental facility, an appropriate digital controller has been designed for generating pulses for triggering thyristors. Design calculations for configuring six pulse thyristorised rectifier system has been presented. The simulation of closed loop feedback control mechanism has been performed using circuit simulation software and the simulation results including waveforms have been highlighted in the paper.


This paper proposes and evaluates a new metric. This metric will overcome a limitation of the Optimal Subpattern Assignment (OSPA) metric mentioned by Schuhmacher et al.: the OSPA distance between two sets of points is insensitive to the the case where one is empty. This proposed metric called Complete OSPA (COSPA), retains all the advantages of the OSPA metric for evaluating the performance of multiple target filtering algorithms while also allowing separate control over the threshold of physical distance errors and cardinality errors.


The invention relates to a method of marking an image content in at least one output image at a marking position with a labeling object, wherein a control image is generated at least, wherein the control image includes a pointer object, detects the pointer object from the control image and a pointing position of the pointer object is determined and of the pointer position, the mark position is generated. Further, the invention also relates to a marking device for performing the method of the invention, said marking device can be realized by using two devices.


Growing old 'badly' is stigmatizing, a truism that is enrolled into contemporary agendas for the biomedicalization of ageing. Among the many discourses that emphasize ageing as the root cause of later life illnesses, dementia is currently promoted as an epidemic and such hyperbole serves to legitimate its increasing biomedicalization. The new stigma however is no longer contained to simply having dementia, it is failing to prevent it. Anti-ageing cultures of consumption, alongside a proliferation of cultural depictions of the ageing–dementia relation, seem to be refiguring dementia as a future to be worked on to eliminate it from our everyday life. The article unpacks this complexity for how the ageing–dementia relation is being reassembled in biopolitics in ways that enact it as something that can be transformed and managed. Bringing together Bauman's theories of how cultural communities cope with the otherness of the other with theories of the rationale for the making of monsters – such as the figure of the abject older person with dementia – the article suggests that those older body-persons that personify the ageing–dementia relation, depicted in film and television for example, threaten the modes of ordering underpinning contemporary lives. This is not just because they intimate loss of mind, or because they are disruptive, but because they do not perform what it is to be 'response-able' and postpone frailty through managing self and risk.


It was recently found that an external magnetic field markedly enhances the orthopositronium annihilation rate in certain organic solutions above and beyond that expected for the Zeeman effect. Several solutions have been studied, but the effect has been found only for nitrobenzene in n‐hexane. A mechanism for this is proposed and tested numerically with a kinetics scheme modified to include nonhomogeneous spur effects. The mechanism features the quenching of orthopositronium by a short‐lived triplet solute species, the concentration of which is moderated by the applied magnetic field.


Expand monitoring range of flow it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of and improve monitoring accuracy and the flowmeter and volume control device of flow control accuracy.The flowmeter and volume control device of the present invention possesses big flow measurement portion and low discharge measurement portion, stream internal capacity from the outlet side of outlet side switching valve (PV2) to the entrance side of control valve (CV) is calculated flow by the stream internal capacity that the big flow will be opened and closed outlet side to the entrance side of control valve (CV) of switching valve (PV1) by the use of measurement portion from entrance side by the use of measurement portion as decay volume progress flow computing, the low discharge as volume of decaying.


[T]hey were not actors. They had been chosen; or they themselves had chosen their roles in this sacred story that would go on for nine afternoons over a two-hour period till the sun set. They were not amateurs but believers ... They believed in what they were playing, in the sacredness of the text, the validity of India, while I, out of the writer's habit, searched for some sense of elegy, of loss, even of degenerative mimicry in the happy faces of the boy-warriors or the heraldic profiles of the village princes. I was polluting the afternoon with doubt and with the patronage of admiration. I misread the event through a visual echo of History the cane fields, indenture, the evocation of vanished armies, temples, and trumpeting elephants when all around me there was quite the opposite: elation, delight in the boys' screams, in the sweets-stalls, in more and more costumed characters appearing; a delight of conviction, not loss. The name Felicity made sense.


In the study, the untreated and potassium chlorate, (KClO3) treated micro sized Date Palm Petiole Fiber, (DPPF) were used to produce natural fiber/HDPE composites by injection molding machine. DPPF was characterized to determine their chemical compositions in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Central Composite Design (CCD) tool of RSM was applied for optimization processes. Analyses of the results showed that cellulose content is, hemicelluloses and lignin. Chemical treatment of the fibers modified and enhanced properties of the fibers. Quadratic model described the relationship between percentage cellulose yield and considered factors of chemical concentration, mass/volume ratio and time. From the three process variables considered, percentage cellulose is 60.3% at 3.5wt% concentration, 4g/l mass/volume ratio and time of 16hr. Quadratic model also described the relationship between tensile strength and process variables of temperature, fiber/polymer ratio and time. The composites produced gave tensile strength 42.0 Mpa fiber/polymer ratio 29wt%, temperature 172c and time 10min. The chemical treatment gave a better interfacial bonding of the DPPF/HDPE and resulted to increased properties of the composite.


In this chapter, the authors performed an analysis of the data extracted from 39 peer-reviewed scientific publications between 2015 and 2018 describing users' adoption of various mobile payment systems encompassing methods, technologies, adoption models, theories, variables of the adoption models and theories, as well as significant adoption factors. The analysis demonstrates that the technology acceptance model (TAM) is the most popular model to investigate users' adoption of mobile payment. Both the original and extended versions of TAM are studied broadly to examine the individual's intention to adopt mobile payment. In addition, the analysis of the results from this chapter demonstrates perceived compatibility has the strongest positive impact on the intention to use mobile payment technology whereas perceived risk has a negative relationship with the intention to use mobile payment technology.


Regional integration has become commonplace in the world economy. Moreover, there is clear evidence of a 'trade first' approach to regionalism. What is the logic behind this approach? Is it that trade integration prepares the ground for monetary integration by helping to fulfil optimum currency area criteria? Having analysed the economic interrelationship between regional trade integration and monetary union, the paper contends that the 'trade first' strategy can instead be explained in political economy terms; there is a higher political return to trade integration. The paper concludes by examining the implications for the future of both regionalism and multilateralism.


Magnetic configurations with dBz/dr > 0 in the midtail current sheet are potentially unstable to various instabilities associated with the explosive substorm onset. Their existence is hard to confirm with observations of magnetospheric spacecraft. Here we use remote sensing by low‐altitude spacecraft that measured the loss cone filling rate during electron‐rich solar particle event, providing information about magnetic properties of the tail current sheet. We found a latitudinally localized anisotropic 30 keV electron loss cone region embedded inside an extended region of isotropic solar electron precipitation. It was persistently observed for more than 0.5 h during isolated growth phase event by six Polar Operational Environmental Satellites spacecraft, which crossed the premidnight auroral oval. The embedded anisotropic region was observed 1° poleward of the outer radiation belt boundary over 4–5 h wide magnetic local time sector, suggesting a persistent ridge‐type Bz2/j maximum in the equatorial plasma sheet at distances 15–20 RE. We discuss infrequent observations of such events taking into account recent results of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider how the national intelligence model (NIM) of policing in Britain has been affected by changing patterns of mobility, since its inception in 2004.Design/methodology/approach – Conceptually, the paper draws on the "new mobilities paradigm". Empirically, it is based on a small, exploratory study, comprising analysis of investigations carried out over a three‐month period in 2007 and 2008, by a serious and organised crime unit in a police force in England, and 11 interviews carried out in three police forces in England. The data are used for illustrative purposes only.Findings – It is argued that increased levels of mobile criminality are impacting significantly on British police forces, placing considerable strain on the practical structures which underpin the NIM, and posing serious challenges to operational efficiency and effectiveness.Originality/value – This paper makes a contribution by linking the social changes documented in the emergent social scienc...


• Philip M. Oliver is the director of management systems, Office of the Comptroller, U.S. Department of Labor. He was director of the USCSC's Job Evaluation and Pay Review Task Force (1970-72), the principal author of the so-called "Oliver Report," and the architect of the factor ranking/benchmark method now being implemented by the federal government. The management of human resources in public sector organizations is one critical area which has for too long been given minimal attention. Early in his term, Indiana's governor, Otis Bowen, established a long-range goal of improving the personnel management program for the state's 28,000 merit and nonmerit employees. One of the first steps was to be the updating of the job evaluation and pay plans. Governor Bowen and his staff recognized that the core of the personnel program was an acceptable and equitable technique for recognizing the relative worth of jobs and pricing them in a competitve labor market. Two outside organizations were immediately available to provide assistance on the project, and, under the leadership of James Smith, executive assistant to the governor, steps were taken to secure this aid. The School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University had an active program for providing assistance to the state, under the direction of its dean, Charles Bonser. Roy Jumper, assistant dean was designated as coordinator of the project by Bonser and Smith. The second source was the use of the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, which specifically authorizes the U.S. federal government to offer technical guidance to state governments in personnel management improvement. Jumper used this to procure the services of the writer and Esther Lawton, deputy director of personnel, U.S. Treasury Department, as consultants and project leaders. The Governor's Task Force, as it was designated, was assembled early in 1974 with membership consisting of staff representing the state personnel director, Alan Fromath; representatives from major operating departments; two members of the Chicago Regional Office of the U.S. Civil Service Commission; and the consultants. The principle indicators of a need for modernization of the job evaluation and pay plans were: a high turnover rate, with one-third of the employees being replaced annually; a recognized slippage in the


Motivated by optimization considerations we revisit the work by Dontchev in [7] involving the convergence of Newton's method to a solution of a generalized equation in a Banach space setting. Using the same hypotheses and under the same computational cost we provide a finer convergence analysis for Newton's method by using more precise estimates.


The intense valuation of an esthetic pleasant smile guided the dentistry to bleached tooth due the popularity of whitening treatments. The consequence of it is an increasing interest in searching the effect of peroxides in hard dental tissues. The aim of this work was to analyze qualitatively in vitro the human enamel after three different bleaching treatments: Opalescence PF 10%, White Class 7.5% and Opalescence Xtra Boost 38%, correlating the structural changes in the surface of the enamel with its respective pH. A total of 40 sound human pre-molars were randomly divided into four groups of 10 elements, which had been immersed in artificial saliva during all the experiment. Bleaching protocols followed the recommendations of the respective manufacturers. Each bleached sample and control group were submitted to a scanning electronic microscopy analysis and compared with one another. Bleaching agents used in this experiment had modified the morphologic aspect of the surface of the dental enamel; however, it did not have correlation between the degrees of severity of the alterations and pH. There is a correlation between hydrogen peroxide concentration and changes in the enamel, where G4 showed more severe alterations, followed for G3 and G2.


Corresponding Author: Armina Fariani Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: This study aims to determine the digestibility value and degradation rate of various types of swamp grass in Sacco in local Pampangan buffalo in South Sumatra. The design used in the study was a completely randomized design consisting of 6 treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were six types of swamp grass which were then coded for each treatment as follows: Hymenachne Acutigluma (HA1), Hymenachne Amplexicaulis (HA2), Oryza Rufipogon (OR), Rhynchospora Corymbose (RC), Eleocharis Dulcis (ED) and Leersia Hexandra (LH). The observed variables in this study were degradation rate and Analysis of fiber fraction content in each grass includes Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Hemicellulose and Cellulose. The results showed that ED grass had the highest total digestibility value for each fiber fraction variable. The rate of degradation shows an interesting pattern where Overall, the value of fractions a, b and c for each observation parameter showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Based on this study, it can be concluded that ED grass has the best fiber digestibility than other types of swamp grass and is very potential for buffalo livestock due to its high degradation rate.


high temperatures — a disordered fcc solid solution of substitution of Zn in Al is stable up to 70 at. % Zn. As the temperature is lowered, this solid solution undergoes spinodal decomposition into two disordered fcc solid solutions, a 1 and a 2, with concentrations of 16 and 58 at. % Zn, respectively. At temperatures below 275 °C the a 2 solution becomes unstable, the solubility of Zn in the a 1 phase decreases, and a broad two-phase region between the a 1 phase and a Zn-based hexagonal solution appears. The isostructural decomposition into two fcc solid solutions differing only in concentrations is very interesting from a theoretical standpoint. The atomic radii of Al ~1.43 A! and Zn ~1.37 A! are very similar, as are the electronegativities of these elements ~1.5 and 1.6, respectively! and even their bulk moduli ~72.2 and 59.8 GPa!. Thus only the difference in electron density ~the number of electrons per atom! can account for the observed phase separation of the solid solution in the Al‐Zn system ~the Al atom has three valence electrons, while the Zn atom has only two!. In view of the complexity of the Fermi surface of pure Al, one would expect that as the composition of the alloy in this system changes, electronic topological transitions ~ETTs! will occur due to the change in the filling of the bands and the corresponding changes in the topology of the Fermi surface. It has been shown both theoretically and experimentally that such transitions affect the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of alloys, e.g., their thermopower, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic constants, etc. 2‐7 In this paper we investigate ETTs in alloys of the Al‐Zn system. We show that these transitions affect the phase equilibrium and can account for the isostructural decomposition of the solid solution in this system. 1. DETAILS OF THE CALCULATION In the Korringa‐Kohn‐Rostoker method, in the atomic sphere and coherent potential approximations ~KKR—ASA‐CPA!, 8,9 we did a series of scalar relativistic, spin-restricted calculations of the electronic structure and total energy of disordered fcc alloys of the Al‐Zn system over the entire concentration interval in which the hightemperature solid solution exists. The dimensionality of the problem with respect to the orbital quantum number was restricted to l max52; thus the s, p, and d valence electrons were treated self-consistently in the local density approximation. For calculation of the exchange-correlation potential and energy the results of the numerous calculation by Ceperley and Alder 10 were parametrized by the scheme proposed by Perdew and Zunger. 11 The electronic states of the filled 3d band of Zn were included in the self-consistency procedure as valence states, since they lie above the bottom of the valence band of the alloy. The remaining states of Al and Zn were frozen after the initial atomic calculation and were thereafter not included in the self-consistency procedure. Integration over the Brillouin zone was done by the special-points method for 916 special k points in the irreducible 1/48-th of the Brillouin zone for an fcc lattice. The moments of the electronic density of states were calculated by integrating the diagonal components of the Green's function along a complex energy contour that included sixteen energy points distributed on a Gaussian ~logarithmic! scale. The Madelung potential and the energy of the alloy were determined in the screened impurity model 7,12 with the ideal prefactor for an fcc alloy: b50.65735. The radius of the atomic spheres of the alloy components were chosen equal to the mean Wigner‐Seitz radius of the alloy. The equilibrium lattice parameter and the corresponding properties of the ground state were calculated on the basis of seven self-consistent calculations in the neighborhood of the


A helium-operated atmospheric pressure plasma jet was used to treat biologically relevant liquids, such as ultrapure water and phosphate-buffered saline. The present experiments are focused on the behavior and evolution of selected electrical and optical signals of the helium plasma jet, while in contact with the liquid targets. To that extent, this article presents multiple results extracted from the monitoring of the electrical current over the entire treatment duration, with emphasis on the identification of a minute order long plasma warm-up duration and the differences observed when using the two liquid targets. Moreover, spectral monitoring of the intensity of lines and bands corresponding to helium, oxygen, and nitrogen excited species in the gas phase also points to a similar evolution towards a steady state level. The existence of transient regimes should not be disregarded when plasma jets are used for industrial and life science applications, where the exposure duration of biological targets, liquids, and solid state materials is usually of the order of a few minutes.


We divided into 3 groups 166 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to our Stroke Center (Table 1): 1) those with proteinuria (n=47), 2) those with microalbuminuria alone (n=43), and 3) those without microalbuminuria or proteinuria (n=76). We analyzed the relationship of each group to the subtype of ischemic stroke, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (NIHSS) on admission and at discharge, risk factors for ischemic stroke (hypertension, diabetic mellitus, dyslipidemia, previous stroke, and smoking), plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and cerebral white matter lesions (periventricular hyperintensity; PVH, and deep white matter hyperintensity; DWMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


SUMMARY In response to the rising levels of fraud in many countries and the global economy more generally, public and private actors in both the global North and the global South have in recent years introduced initiatives in the name of countering fraud in the 'private sector'. This briefing explores such anti-fraud measures in four countries in the Southern African region: Malawi, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia. Using online data (news outlets and reports on websites of private companies and governmental agencies), the authors provide a country-by-country account of some of the drivers and characteristics of these measures.


In this study, because Plasmodium vivax cannot be cultured in vivo, we used a DHFR-deficient yeast strain expressing heterologous P. Vivax dhfr gene for the screening of 25 antifolate derivatives to evaluate promising antifolate drugs. DHFR inhibitors function mainly as a competitive inhibitor of the parasite enzyme. This yeast mutant strain was transformed with plasmids containing either a P. Vivax dhfr gene wild-type (S58+S117+I173), or the double (S58R+S117N) or triple mutant (S58R+S117N+I173L) and as controls the human and the own yeast dhfr gene. Pyrimethamine and methotrexate were used as control drugs. The screening allow us to select 6 of 25 compounds, that selectively inhibit both P. Vivax wild-type and mutant DHFR enzymes in vivo in yeast. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of these 6 quinazoline compounds derivatives were determined on in vitro cultures of P. Falciparum field isolates. The sequenced dhfr gene of isolates confirms that a correlation exists between the dhfr genotype and the biomolecular answer to the in vitro drugs response. Unexpected, sulfanilamide knowed as a competitive inhibitor of pABA, showed a selective inhibition on transformants expressing P. Vivax dhfr genes, suggesting that the DHFR is a second target of sulfa-drug or its derivative sulfa-DHP. Forthermore, the hypersensitivity of P. Vivax DHFR triple mutant and double mutant enzymes to sulfanilamide or sulfa-DHP points to the specificity of sulfa-DHP analogs as an alternative treatment to pyrimethamine resistant DHFR. This discovery could lead to the development of the chemical synthesis of new DHFR inhibitors, useful for the treatment of malaria or other infection diseases.


If L is a field of algebraic functions of n variables over a field of constants K, a zero-dimensional rank one valuation V of L is a real-valued function V{a) defined on L with the usual valuation properties, and such that V(a) = 0 for a in K, while the residue class field of V is an algebraic extension of K. The value group of V is the group of all real numbers V(a) which occur as values. In Zariski's investigations of the resolution of the singularities of algebraic surfaces, one preliminary step is the enumeration of the possible value groups for such a V over a surface (n — 2). In this paper the authors investigate the corresponding question for w-dimensional varieties. It is proved that the value group either consists of all integral linear combinations of n incommensurable real numbers (a group of rank n), or else consists of certain linear combinations with rational coefficients of r real numbers, where the rank r is less than n. Conversely, any such groups can be realized as value groups, as is shown by two constructions, one using algebraic arguments and one a Puiseux argument. (Received January 23, 1939.) This paper contains a study of the properties of non-normal chains of in finite This paper is concerned with the study of the algebraic and differential properties of differential fields obtained by adjoining the roots of an algebraic equation, with coefficients in a differential field K, to K. The theorem which serves as a foundation for the paper is as follows. Let y\, y 2 , • • • , y n be members of a commutative ring Ri in which an operation differentiation obeying the usual sum and product rules is defined. Then any rational integral function of the y's and their derivatives, with coefficients in a commutative ring R 2f which is unchanged by all permutations of the y's is d times a rational integral function F of the elementary symmetric functions of the y's and their derivatives. F has coefficients in R 2 and d is the reciprocal of a non- negative power of the discriminant of the y's. (Received H. Ingraham and the author and similar to an isomorphism given by P. L. Trump) are established. In either case, R(A) is shown to be isomorphic to a system of classes of matrices of lower order whose elements are polynomials in an indeterminate X, and whose rows are reduced modulo certain fac tors of the minimal polynomial of A. By using these isomorphisms, R(A) is deter mined rationally, well known properties of R(A) are proved simply, and new results are obtained. The bulk of the paper is an outline of a rational attack upon the similar ity problem in R(A). The methods are believed suggestive, and though the theory is incomplete in one place, no example has been found to escape the methods used. The case in which A has at most two invariant factors is solved completely. (Received 1939.)


. Sambisari temple is one of the historical tourist destinations in Sleman regency with the potential of its at-traction. By looking at the current problems, the Sleman Regency Tourism Office needs an effective media to reach the teenage as a target market. It aims to increase visits as well as supporting media for attractions of tourist attractions given to potential tourists. The design of this mobile game is intended to promote the Sambisari temple attractions in attracting teenager as a target market. This time, media games are very popular with teenagers, especially through mobile platforms that are also widely used by teenagers in seeking information and entertainment in their spare time. By using qualitative data collection meth-ods, namely through observation, literature study, interviews, surveyss and comparison matrix which are then an-alyzed as the basis for designing mobile games that are suitable for the teenager target market. It is hoped that through the design of this mobile game it will be able to provide increased visits and inform the area of Sambisari Temple Tourism for prospective tourists.


Background
Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in low-resource settings. As facility-based births become more common, the proportion of neonatal deaths due to hospital-onset sepsis has increased.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in a neonatal intensive care unit in Zambia where we implemented a multi-faceted infection prevention and control (IPC) bundle consisting of IPC training, text message reminders, alcohol hand rub, enhanced environmental cleaning, and weekly bathing of babies ≥1.5 kg with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Hospital-associated sepsis, bloodstream infection (BSI), and mortality (>3 days after admission) outcome data were collected for 6 months prior to and 11 months after bundle implementation.

Results
Most enrolled neonates had a birthweight ≥1.5 kg (2131/2669, 79.8%). Hospital-associated mortality was lower during the intervention than baseline period (18.0% vs 23.6%). Total mortality was lower in the intervention than prior periods. Half of enrolled neonates (50.4%) had suspected sepsis; 40.8% of cultures were positive. Most positive blood cultures yielded a pathogen (409/549, 74.5%), predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (289/409, 70.1%). The monthly rate and incidence density rate of suspected sepsis were lower in the intervention period for all birthweight categories, except babies weighing <1.0 kg. The rate of BSI with pathogen was also lower in the intervention than baseline period.

Conclusions
A simple IPC bundle can reduce sepsis and death in neonates hospitalized in high-risk, low-resource settings. Further research is needed to validate these findings in similar settings and to identify optimal implementation strategies for improvement and sustainability. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02386592.


The objective of this study was to identify the plants that contribute to the honey composition of stingless bees using pollen analysis. We collected 30 stingless bees honey samples. The pollen analysis was performed following the standard method of acetolysis. We identified 55 pollen types belonging to 27 families. The predominant pollen types were Casearia, Eucalyptus, Galactia, Miconia, Morus, Myrcia I, Syagrus and Rubiaceae type. The pollen types most frequent among the samples were Syagrus, Eucalyptus, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Psidium, Miconia, Morus, Leucaena and Inga. The average number pollen types per sample the studies species ranged from 4.25 to 9.00, indicating the participation of several plant species in the honey composition of stingless bees. The occurrence of a predominant pollen type was recorded in 40% of the samples. The pollen spectrum of the honey samples analyzed were diverse, with significant contributions of Fabaceae (subfamily Mimosoideae), Asteraceae and Myrtaceae as the most diverse in species visited by stingless bees in the study area.