This report describes an evaluation of the Nortec-30 Eddyscan for the inspection of fuselage lap joints. The evaluation makes use of calibration specimens representing countersunk and dimpled longitudinal lap joints in F-28 fuselage structure. These calibration specimens have artificial defects representing fatigue cracks initiated in or near the lap joint rivet holes.

In the evaluation Eddyscan inspections were performed with three scanner probes. For all probes problems were encountered with the fastener centering procedure, especially for the fastener holes with first-layer defects. Eddyscan inspections performed with scanner probe ES-lOO showed that the Eddyscan has a good detection capability for both first-layer and secondlayer defects in both countersunk and dimpled fuselage lap joints. Special probe SPO-4868 may have a better defect detection capability but further evaluation is required.
Comparison of the Eddyscan inspection results of probe ES-lOO with the sliding probe inspection results of probe Nortec SPO-3806 showed that the sliding probe probably has a better sensitivity of inspection for small defects but that the Eddyscan probably has a better reliability for the inservice inspection of fuselage lap joints.


To set the prescribed amplitude frequency characteristics of electromagnetic seismographs it is necessary to measure, bzsides the constants of the recording galvanometer, also the constants of the seismometer -the free period and the damping constant -as well as the appropriate parameters for determining the magnitude of the coupling between the seismometer and galvanometer. The damping constant of a seismometer is defined by three independent seismometer parameters: the constant of air damping, and the critical resistances of the signal and damping coils of the transducer. If the period of the seismometer and the values of the resistances in the signal and damping circuits are known, the damping constant of the seismometer as well as the coupling coefficient of the seismograph can be determined. Besides the static measurement of the critical resistances, in which a known moment of mechanical forces of a pendulum seismometer (or the mechanical force acting on the translational system of a seismometer) is compensated for by a force generated by the D.C. passing through the transducer coil, also two dynamic methods are used. In the former the amplitudes of the responses, recorded by the galvanometer, to the mechanically and electrically generated seismometer deflection are compared. In the latter the galvanometer records the free motion of a weakly damped seismometer. The damping constants, and with their aid also the critical resistances of the transducer coils, are determined f rom the records with the negligible transient motion of the galvanometer for various external resistances [1, 2]. As regards the static method, the recording galvanometer is disconnected from the seismometer; in the other case there exists a non-zero coupling between the seismometer and galvanometer, however, the feedback effect of the galvanometer motion on the seismometer need not be considered b:cause the response amplitudes are always compared for the same wiring. In applying the third method it is necessary for the analysed part of the record to correspond to the linearly magnified motion of the seismometer without galvanometer coupling. In this case the seismometer constants T 1 and D1, defining the decrease of the amplitudes and the period of motion, are identical with the partial constants of the seismometer T s and D s (Trepresents the periods and D the damping constants). The reaction of the galvanometer which, in view of the principle of the method, cannot be zero, always causes the measured seismometer damping constant to be smaller than the real partial damping constant during calibration. This leads to a systematic determinat ion of higher critical resistances of the transducer coils. The periods 7"1, determined


An eight years old girl, Miss N (real name withheld), who is the daughter of Meer Muhammud, from Golrachi Village, in the Badin District of Sindh Province has been raped by a religious leader in the mosque. Her Quran teacher, Imam Khameesa, someone who is also a local mosque leader, reportedly raped her on 25 October.


Published in 1984, a few months before Derek Mahon's return to Ireland at the midpoint of a career spent for the most part in England, "A Kensington Notebook" has been called his "goodbye to London."1 The phrase recalls Pound's footnote ("...distinctly a farewell to London") to the title page of Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, the work on which Mahon's poem is broadly modeled, and alerts us to the possibility of a shared agenda beyond their more obvious rela tionship. Mahon has never acknowledged this valedictory function but it is at least implicit in his choice of the poem to head his next volume, Antarctica, a sombre collection of farewells and leavetakings, while with its next appearance in Selected Poems, in pointed juxtaposition with "Going Home," the handker chief waving had become routine. Thirteen years from its first appearance, "A Kensington Notebook" can bee seen as a watershed in his work from which we can look back at his long career as an Emigre poet beginning with that resonant ly titled first volume, Night-Crossing, and simultaneously forward to the new bearings his work would take on his arrival in Dublin. Again, what seemed in 1984 a superficial indebtedness to its Poundian model has evolved into a more profound resemblance.


Background A significant number of time-loss injuries to the upper extremity in elite windmill softball pitchers has been documented. The number of outings and pitches thrown in 1 week for a softball pitcher is typically far in excess of those seen in baseball pitchers. Shoulder stress in professional baseball pitching has been reported to be high and has been linked to pitching injuries. Shoulder distraction has not been studied in an elite softball pitching population. Hypothesis The stresses on the throwing shoulder of elite windmill pitchers are similar to those found for professional baseball pitchers. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional, high-speed (120 Hz) video data were collected on rise balls from 24 elite softball pitchers during the 1996 Olympic Games. Kinematic parameters related to pitching mechanics and resultant kinetics on the throwing shoulder were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to relate shoulder stress and pitching mechanics. Results Shoulder distraction stress averaged 80% of body weight for the Olympic pitchers. Sixty-nine percent of the variability in shoulder distraction can be explained by a combination of 7 parameters related to pitching mechanics. Conclusion Excessive distraction stress at the throwing shoulder is similar to that found in baseball pitchers, which suggests that windmill softball pitchers are at risk for overuse injuries. Normative information regarding upper extremity kinematics and kinetics for elite softball pitchers has been established.


Mothers of preterm infants have difficulty expressing adequate milk volume and often have had an inflammatory insult. We speculated that prenatal inflammation could affect mammary development and influence the MAP‐kinase pathway with a potential effect on the initiation of lactogenesis.


This research is qualitative research with the type of case study to describe the implementation of e-learning based on HOTS in higher education. E-learning is a necessity that must be used by lecturers when teaching at universities, especially during the current pandemic. The learning must be based on HOTS as the demands of the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0, to produce prospective teachers who can guide their students to have the ability to solve problems in life. The research subjects were 196 people who took the Philosophy of Science course at the PPKN PIPS FKIP Study Program, Mataram University. Data were collected through observation techniques, interview documentation, and tests. After conducting a holistic and specific qualitative analysis, the results show that HOTS-based e-learning is carried out through the stages of preparation for the implementation of learning and evaluation for 16 learning activities. The contents of the activities include discussion of textual material, independent contextual exercises, and completing exams. During the activity, lecturers and students gave positive responses to various supporting factors and existing challenges. This activity has an impact on the acquisition of positive student learning outcomes. As a follow-up suggestion, full vigilance is needed to seek more varied activities to be actively involved in learning activities and successfully pass lectures.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) on particulate matter (PM) emissions in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). The investigation was conducted on five industrial CFPPs of various loads in China to clarify the influence factors of WFGD on PM10 emissions. After WFGD, the proportion of PM2.5 to PM10 in the outlet flue gas increases, which showed that the WFGD system is selective in the capture of PM, with a significant effect on the capture of large particle sizes. The investigation found that four spray layers have a better effect on the capture of particles than two spray layers. Additionally, the investigation also found that unit load is not the main factor affecting the efficiency of PM10 capture by WFGD. Instead, the factors affecting the capture efficiency of PM10 by WFGD are the inlet flue gas temperature and the dust concentration. Relatively higher inlet flue gas temperature and lower inlet dust concentration will both result in higher emission of PM0.1~1 from the WFGD outlet. These findings suggest that a matched integration of WFGD and CFPP is essential for ultra-low PM emission control and green industry development.


Corrosion of steel bars in reinforced concrete structures is a major durability problem for bridges constructed in New York State (NYS). The heavy use of deicing salt compounds this problem. Corrosion of steel bars results in loss of steel cross section, deterioration of bond between concrete and reinforcing bars, and more importantly, in most cases, it results in unsymmetrical concrete sections that are susceptible to shear stresses produced by torsion. Though earthquake frequency of occurrence and expected ground accelerations in NYS is less than in western states, the potential for earthquake damage in or around NYS is still very real. Given the level of deterioration in many reinforced concrete bridges in NYS, they are considered very vulnerable to major damage during a moderate seismic event. There is an urgent need for proper guidance for evaluation of deteriorated reinforced concrete bridge components that could assist structural engineers in estimating the reserved strength of deteriorated bridges and designing cost-effective methods for retrofit. Proper evaluation and retrofit of existing deteriorated reinforced concrete bridges will limit the collapse of bridges during moderate seismic events in NYS and the surrounding states, and consequently save people's lives. The findings of this investigation suggest the need for seismic retrofit of deteriorated reinforced concrete bridge columns, particularly those with corroded lap splice in longitudinal reinforcement. The study also suggests the need for retrofit of corroded pedestals over piers and abutments, as they may cause sudden unseating of girders.


We quantified and compared physiological parameters and iron requirements of several oceanic Pseudonitzschia spp., newly isolated from the high‐nitrate, low‐chlorophyll waters of the northeast subarctic Pacific, with coastal Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. and the oceanic centric diatom Thalassiosira oceanica at a range of iron concentrations. In iron‐replete conditions, the iron (Fe) : carbon (C) ratios in the six Pseudo‐nitzschia isolates ranged from 157 µmol Fe mol C‐1 to 248 µmol Fe mol C‐1, with no apparent differences between oceanic and coastal isolates. In low iron conditions, all Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. exhibited marked reductions in photosynthetic efficiency, whereas the extent of the reductions in specific growth rates varied among species. When iron‐limited, the Fe :C ratios decreased significantly in all oceanic Pseudo‐nitzschia species, with the lowest ratios ranging from 2.8 µmol Fe mol C‐1 to 3.7 µmol Fe mol C‐1. Combined with faster growth rates, lower Fe :C ratios in oceanic isolates of Pseudo‐nitzschia resulted in significantly higher iron‐use efficiencies relative to their coastal congeners and T. oceanica. The wide range between iron‐replete (Fe‐Qhigh) and iron‐limited (Fe‐Qlow) quotas indicates that oceanic Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. have an extensive plasticity in iron contents relative to other diatoms grown at similar iron concentrations reported in the literature; the Fe‐Qhigh : Fe‐Qlow ratios for oceanic species were 46 to 67, whereas for coastal Pseudo‐nitzschia species they were 16 and 43. We suggest that the ability of oceanic Pseudo‐nitzschia species to exhibit an extensive growth response to iron enrichment events may, in part, be a result of their extraordinary capacity to accumulate and potentially store large amounts of intracellular iron when iron concentrations are high, yet substantially reduce their iron requirements to sustain fast growth rates well after external iron concentrations are depleted.


A probabilistic prediction interval (PI) model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and a kernel extreme learning machine using the firefly algorithm (FA-KELM) is presented to tackle the problem of photovoltaic (PV) power for intra-day-ahead prediction. Firstly, considering the non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of a PV power output sequence, the decomposition of the original PV power output series is carried out using VMD. Secondly, to further improve the prediction accuracy, KELM is established for each decomposed component and the firefly algorithm is introduced to optimize the penalty factor and kernel parameter. Finally, the point predicted value is obtained through the summation of predicted results of each component and then using the nonlinear kernel density estimation to fit it. The cubic spline interpolation algorithm is applied to obtain the shortest confidence interval. Results from practical cases show that this probabilistic prediction interval could achieve higher accuracy as compared with other prediction models.


The informational educational environment (IEE) of an institution is a complex multilevel system which, along with methodical, organizational and cultural resources, accumulates the intellectual and technical potential of a university, as well as the informative and activity components of the learners and teachers. In practice, the formation of IEE is actually based on the creation of information technologies and their integration into the existing educational environment of the institution. The management of this system is carried out using specialized equipment and software. For the successful formation and operation of IEE, in the present work we review software products that form the basis of the organization of interactive and web interactions between students, teachers and all participants of the educational process. We analyse the technical capabilities that have provided users with IEE services such as the Apache web server with connected modules PHP, MySQL, the Java virtual machine and the Red5 server. We demonstrate the possibility of obtaining results from the interaction of these products, and reports on users' work in webinars, video conferences and web conferences.


Introduction. Nitrate from pollutants that threaten human health is not possible to see contamination because it does not affect the color, odor or taste of the water resources . Nitrate converts to nitrite, invite many diseases, especially cancer. The most important reason for the toxic acceptance of these substances is that they react with secondary minerals present in the human body to form nitrosamines which are carcinogenic. Studies conducted in recent years show that in most countries the nitrate concentration in drinking water sources exceeds the permissible limit value Aim of the study. In this review, the effects of nitrate on public health, toxicity, chemistry and nitrate removal processes have been investigated. Main purpose, reduce the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural land, domestic and industrial wastewater treatment and prevent uncontrolled disposal or storage of animal wastes by raising public awareness. Results. Nitrate and nitrite in the water are indicators of water quality. Since the pollution formation is a rather expensive and laborious process, it is necessary to control the sources causing nitrate pollution. Conclusions. Nitrate pollution waters and risky areas should be determined, nitrate pollution prevention and remediation studies should be done in risky and polluted waters. Drinking water sources and their surroundings must be protected from nitrate pollution sources. People should be conscious of this issue as the most important factor to prevent danger before pollution occurs.  KEYWORDS: Water, Nitrate, Nitrite, Toxicity, Cancer, Process


Improving learning outcomes in the learning process is very important to prove achievement in the learning process, to improve learning outcomes we can use various ways, one of which is to improve Indonesian language learning outcomes by using Powton media. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental, using two groups posttest only which is part of quantitative research. This study using two groups posttest only presents a form of research where when determining the control group and the experimental group, the selection is done randomly (Prasetyo & Jannah, 2011: 117). The results of this study areThe average obtained by the experimental group is already above the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) of 70, with details of 7 students getting the highest score and 12 students getting standard scores, and 6 students getting scores below the KKM. Another thing for the control group is that the average grade obtained is still below the KKM score, with details of 3 students getting the highest score, 4 students getting standard scores, and 18 students getting scores below the KKM. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the success of using this powtoon application as a learning medium for Indonesian language subjects on the character of the characters in the story can be seen from the average value of the class or experimental sample group which is above the average value of the KKM.
Keywords:( Learning Outcomes, Powtoon Media, Indonesian Language)


By Faranak Bakhtiari TEHRAN – While the drought has intensified in Iran and the country is facing water stress, various solutions from the use of solar power plants to the expansion of watershed management and nanotechnology are offered by experts and officials. Iran is located in an arid and semi-arid region, and Iranians have long sought to make the most of water. In recent years, the drought has intensified making water resources fragile and it can be said that we have reached water bankruptcy in Iran. However, water stress will continue this fall (September 23-December 21), and the season is expected to be relatively hot and short of rain, according to Ahad Vazifeh, head of the national center for drought and crisis management. In such a situation, officials and experts propose various solutions for optimal water management. Alireza Qazizadeh, a water and environment expert, referring to 80 percent of the arid regions in the country, said that "Iran has one percent of the earth's area and receives only 36 percent of renewable resources. The country receives 250 mm of rainfall annually, which is about 400 billion cubic meters, considering 70 percent evaporation, there is only 130 billion cubic meters of renewable water and 13 billion cubic meters of input from border waters." Referring to 800 ml of average rainfall and 700 mm of global evaporation, he noted that 70 percent of rainfall in Iran occurs in only 25 percent of the country and only 25 percent rains in irrigation seasons. Pointing to the need for 113 billion cubic meters of water in the current year (began on March 21), he stated that "of this amount, 102 billion is projected for agricultural use, 7 percent for drinking and 2 percent for industry, and at this point water stress occurs. Page 7


Healthcare has been one of the most important issues in modern society. However, expenditure on healthcare is always a high burden for both individuals and countries. Aiming to take full advantage of the limited budget of healthcare expenditure, many medical institutions resort to estimate the future healthcare cost and carefully decide their spending plans. This enlightens us that the accurate prediction of healthcare cost in the future contributes to the effective utilization of the medical resources. In this paper, we propose a healthcare expenditure prediction system for the crowd with co-existing medical conditions. We analyze the diagnoses and payment records, and leverage a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network model to learn the contextual features which would contribute to the prediction. Evaluations over diagnoses from 37,734 patients and the financial report from a real-world medical institution indicate that our system can provide dependable prediction of healthcare expenditure and it is practical to use our system to assist the medical budget decision.


Significance The emergence of heterogeneous nanostructured metals offers exciting opportunities for achieving extraordinary mechanical properties. Gradient nanotwinned Cu is a prominent class of heterogeneous nanostructured metals, as it exhibits a superior extra strength compared with nongradient counterparts. However, the mechanistic origin of the extra strength remains elusive. At a more fundamental level, the strengthening effects of plastically inhomogeneous deformation in heterogeneous nanostructured metals are not well understood. Here, we use a combination of controlled material processing, back-stress measurement, dislocation microstructure characterization, and strain gradient plasticity modeling to unravel the origin of the extra strength in gradient nanotwinned Cu. The combined experimental and modeling framework may be applied to accelerate the rational design of heterogeneous nanostructured metals with enhanced mechanical performance. Materials containing heterogeneous nanostructures hold great promise for achieving superior mechanical properties. However, the strengthening effect due to plastically inhomogeneous deformation in heterogeneous nanostructures has not been clearly understood. Here, we investigate a prototypical heterogeneous nanostructured material of gradient nanotwinned (GNT) Cu to unravel the origin of its extra strength arising from gradient nanotwin structures relative to uniform nanotwin counterparts. We measure the back and effective stresses of GNT Cu with different nanotwin thickness gradients and compare them with those of homogeneous nanotwinned Cu with different uniform nanotwin thicknesses. We find that the extra strength of GNT Cu is caused predominantly by the extra back stress resulting from nanotwin thickness gradient, while the effective stress is almost independent of the gradient structures. The combined experiment and strain gradient plasticity modeling show that an increasing structural gradient in GNT Cu produces an increasing plastic strain gradient, thereby raising the extra back stress. The plastic strain gradient is accommodated by the accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations inside an unusual type of heterogeneous dislocation structure in the form of bundles of concentrated dislocations. Such a heterogeneous dislocation structure produces microscale internal stresses leading to the extra back stress in GNT Cu. Altogether, this work establishes a fundamental connection between the gradient structure and extra strength in GNT Cu through the mechanistic linkages of plastic strain gradient, heterogeneous dislocation structure, microscale internal stress, and extra back stress. Broadly, this work exemplifies a general approach to unraveling the strengthening mechanisms in heterogeneous nanostructured materials.


This paper is aimed to demonstrate the outcomes of study on oiconymy formation processes in Cumbria, the north-western county of England. Oiconym means a proper name of place for any kind of settlement: a city, a town, a village, etc. Studying oiconyms is of great importance as oiconyms demonstrate an inconceivable survivability and they have an inherent feature of keeping relict details fixed in appellatives of oiconymic etymons, which had been lost in other strata of the vocabulary. Forming of Cumbria settlement names in the Anglo-Saxon period has been considered on two levels: linguistic and extra linguistic ones. This paper presents extra-linguistic factors forming the Cumbria oiconymy in the period of Anglo-Saxon conquest.


The Azufres, Mich. - Zamorano , Qro. Volcanic fiels is located in the central part of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. Three fracture systems were observed in the area, one oriented NW 5 - 25° affecting only miocenic and pliocenic rocks; the others, NE 65° and E-w, affect the Quaternary rocks also. The NE system is predominant, but the E-W system is coincidently oriented on the direction of the maximum horizontal stress, as determinate by the cinder cone alignements and the normal faults distribution found in the southern volcanic field. The direction of the local stress of some pliocenic volcanoes was estimated to be NW (10 to 50°). The current orientation of the maximum horizontal stress (E-W) could suggest that the tectonic regime of the volcanic region during the Quaternary time was distensive.


The fusion of China, I like to move the arrow of the dynamic field on the Taiji chart to the heart of one of the following laws of motion, the creation of yin and yang, the movement of metal, wood, water, fire and the earth to give rise to all evolutionary philosophical thoughts. The Taoist inaction WTO emphasizes the unity and contradiction of opposites. Confucius is indeed another gossip about the centrifugal movement, such as arrows, benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom, and belief in the birth of Confucianism. They are born to promise the highest degree of ethical adaptation. Unfortunately, they are usually viewed from a macro and micro perspective. Analysis of the problem. I don't really understand the picture of the voltmeter of Tai Chi Bagua, and there is no way to find the source below, nor does it explain all the real meanings of Taiji Bagua. It cannot play a huge role in science and technology.


"The World in 2050" (TWI-2050) aims not only to contribute to this understanding of sustainable development goals (SDGs) but also develop science-based transformational and equitable pathways to achieve it. TWI-2050 article which was published by The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), covers members from National Member Organizations in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe. This publication is a tool or guideline- for policy-makers, experts, scientist and engineers, and revolutionist in SDGs implementers [Nakicenovic, 2019]. TWI-2050 represents the integrated pathways which harness the synergies and multiple benefits across SDGs, and approaches to governing this sustainability transformation [UNSDN, 2019]. The Roadmap 2050 anchored six pillars and reported the most influential component in SDGs. It is translated with variety of hopes, intentions, action plan and more holistic approach with the vital transformational agenda [Horan, 2019]. The endeavour of transformation is about courage to utilize the Industrial Revolution 4.0 [Lafortune and Schmidt Traub, 2019] with the numerous data and autonomous technical system should be the advantage in improving the global issues. The limitation to the poorest country or region must be shaped through the sustainable empowerment, create more benefits rather than competing, and exploitation of opportunities. Finally, transformation on connectivity is the most tremendous effort in the future


OF THE THESIS ................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TERMS ......................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Pharmaceutical industry ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Monoclonal antibody (biologic) .................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Company overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Literature overview ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Manufacturing process description ............................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2: PROBLEM STATEMENT ..................................................................................... 15 2.1. Project Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Project scope ............................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3: SOFTWARE SELECTION .................................................................................... 16 3.1. Software selection criteria .......................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Data sources ................................................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 4: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 19 4.1. Activity / operation classification ............................................................................................... 19 4.2. Model assumptions ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.3. Modeling in recipe based simulation tool (SuperPro Designer) ................................................. 21 4.4. Modeling in recipe based scheduling tool (SchedulePro) ........................................................... 24 4.5. Data transfer using excel spreadsheets ...................................................................................... 26 4.6. Modeling in mathematical optimization tool (VirtECS Scheduler) ............................................. 26 Chapter 5: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 29


Figure 13.1 Most environments, including cars, are not sterile. A study[1] analyzed 11 locations within 18 different cars to determine the number of microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) present. The center console harbored by far the most microbes (506 CFUs), possibly because that is where drinks are placed (and often spilled). Frequently touched sites also had high concentrations. (credit "photo": modification of work by Jeff Wilcox)


Changes in the Fatty Acids Composition, Especially Trans Isomers, and Heat Stability of Selected Frying Fats Available on the Polish Market in the Years 1997 and 2008 The aim of this work was to examine the fatty acids composition, especially trans isomers (TFA), and oxidative stability of frying fats available on the Polish market. The quality of 23 frying shortenings of Polish origin or imported, produced in the years 1997 and 2008, was estimated in the study. Their fatty acid composition was determined with the GC. The fats examined differed substantially in the content of TFA. Only about 33% of fats from 1997 and about 46% from 2008 contained very small contents of these acids (below 1%). Some of fats were characterised by a high concentration of TFA (about 50%), thus we could assume that these fats were based on raw materials modified by partial hydrogenation. A reduction of TFA content of the frying fats was noted from 1997 to 2008. It was found that an average TFA content in frying fats sold in Poland in 1997 was 21.4%, while in 2008 it was significantly lower and reached 12.2%. TFA had a positive, but PUFA a negative influence on induction period of fats.

http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/pdf-98288-31041?filename=CHANGES IN THE FATTY.pdf


Urban transformation is a multifaceted process that affects all segments of society. With the urban transformation, not only the houses are transformed physically but also social and spatial changes. With this study, it is aimed to investigate the social and spatial changes that occur with urban transformation in two different neighborhoods where urban transformation projects are completed in Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa. In this respect, a survey was conducted with 115 people on a one-to-one basis by taking into account 10% of the number of residences completed by urban transformation projects in the Sarigol and Yildiztabya districts of Gaziosmanpasa, which was determined as the study area, and surveys were supported by observations and interviews. The results of the survey were evaluated with SPSS program. As a results of the urban transformation, the residents of the neighborhood are happy with the renovation of their houses, the earthquake resistance and the solution of property problems. However, problems such as failure to keep promises, timely completion of projects and borrowing have left the holders in a difficult position. In addition, in urban transformation practices where socio-cultural changes are experienced, especially the old neighborhood residents have difficulty in getting used to the new spaces transformed materially and morally.


The SciBooNE Collaboration has measured neutral current neutral pion production by the muon neutrino beam at a polystyrene target (C8H8). We obtained (7.7+- 0.5(stat.)+0.4-0.5 (sys.)) x 10^-2 as cross section ratio of the neutral current neutral pion production to total charged current cross section at the mean neutrino energy of 1.16 GeV. This result is consistent with the Monte Carlo prediction based on the Rein-Sehgal model


Behind the front of a strong shock wave, there is a region containing a hot, highly luminous gas. The loss of energy by radiation leads to cooling of the gas. This cooling was investigated experimentally in shock tubes filled with argon. The rate of cooling is calcutated. An energy balance is set up for the energy radiated by the inert gas, and the system of equations describing the state of the gas behind the wave front is solved. Good agreement was obtained between theory and experiment. (auth)


'Technology of itself does not disrupt anything through mere existence: it is our recognition of utility and development of business models alongside that utility that makes the difference.' Thus David Worlock, Chief Research Fellow at EPS/Outsell and our first distinguished contributor, with a personal take on the new disruptions we can expect. His own image of the changing view of technology penetration and applicability is to imagine it as a medieval tower. 'As we climb the lowcut steps the images available to us through the slit windows are the same, but subtly different as our elevation and angle of vision change.'


The structure of the incisor arcade in ruminant ungulates is likely to affect the degree to which animals can be selective in choosing food items. Species of ruminant which feed predominantly on grasses have broader more flattened incisor arcades when compared at the same size with species which browse on woody dicotyledonous plants. This is likely to reflect the differential dispersion of food items on the food plants of these two different groups of ruminants.


The separation and capture process of carbon dioxide from power plants is garnering interest as a method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, aqueous alkanolamine solutions were studied as absorbents for CO2 capture. The solubility of CO2 in aqueous alkanolamine solutions was investigated with a continuous stirred reactor at 313, 333 and 353 K. Also, the heat of absorption (−ΔHabs) between the absorbent and CO2 molecules was measured with a differential reaction calorimeter (DRC) at 298 K. The solubility and heat of absorption were determined at slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. The enthalpies of CO2 absorption in monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) were 88.91, 70.44, 44.72, and 63.95, respectively. This investigation showed that the heat of absorption is directly related to the quantity of heat for absorbent regeneration, and is dependent on amine type and CO2 loading.


This study aims to: 1.) Design a mobile learning platform for the Tafsir Hadith course; 2.) analyzing the development of a mobile learning platform in the Tafsir Hadith course; 3.) analyzing the implementation of the mobile learning platform in the Tafsir Hadith course; 4.) analyzing the evaluation of the mobile learning platform in the Tafsir Hadith course. The development model used is the 4D model developed by Thiagarajan, which includes define, design, develop, and distribution. The results showed that the product-based test based on expert and media expert judgments was obtained at 84.16% and 83.33% in the feasible category. Then the results of the limited trial were obtained at 81.61% and the field trial at 88.33% in the very feasible category. Therefore, it can be said that the development of a mobile learning platform in the Tafsir Hadith course is very suitable to be used as a learning supplement.


The reaction of 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide () with carbon disulfide afforded 1-mercaptopyrrolo[3,4-c]chromene-3,4-dione (). The latter compound was utilized as versatile building block for new azole systems via incorporating in a series of manipulations including cyclocondensation reactions. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, some selected compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activities. The results declared that most of the synthesized compounds have high antimicrobial activity.


The SPOT5 PAN and multi-spectral images of Baihe Forest Bureau in Jilin Province were selected as the original fusion data.We quantitatively analyzed 8 fusion methods by Erdas Imagine 9.1 software of remote sensing processing imagery.The results showed that according to improving spatial resolution and keeping integrality of the spectrum characteristics,the Ehlers fusion,wavelet transform based on the HIS,and HIS fusion methods were best choice.


At the beginning of February, the Department of Health hosted a week of action to celebrate health visiting and showcase some of the service's achievements. The Institute of Health Visiting held a special Twitter forum as part of the event.


Schwannoma, or neurilemmoma, is a benign neoplasm that arises from Schwann cells, which surround peripheral, cranial, and autonomic nerve sheaths. Schwannoma has been reported to occur mainly as a singular lesion of the sacral nerve or sciatic nerve in young adults. Plexiform schwannoma, a subtype of schwannoma, is a rare neoplasm known to account for 2% to 5% of total schwannomas. Schwannoma of the upper extremities is relatively rare and is reported to occur mostly in the ulnar nerve. We report, with a literature review, a case of 4.2-cm and 2.8-cm symptomatic multiple plexiform schwannomas that occurred in the superficial radial nerve and were treated without neurologic sequelae by surgical resection.


Aim: The aim of this article is to describe a technique to fabricate a spring retained surgical obturator prosthesis for rehabilitation of a patient with total maxillectomy.

Material and Methods: The mandibular retention plate was fabricated with the help of hard, round, stainless steel orthodontic wires and heat-polymerizing acrylic resin. The 0.6 mm wire is manipulated to make Adams clasps on right and left mandibular first molars and 1 mm wire to make C clasps on right and left mandibular first premolars. A palatal shaped maxillary obturator plate was fabricated with acrylic resin. Two newly designed springs were fabricated with 0.6 mm orthodontic wire. Lower end of the springs were attached to the mandibular retention plate and upper ends were attached to the maxillary obturator plate.

Results: When the appliance was placed in the mouth with the help of the mandibular retention plate, the maxillary obturator plate remains in a floating position in the mouth by spring-action on both sides. The springs used in the appliance were easy to fabricate and required less space in the buccal vestibules with minimum soft tissue irritation.

Conclusion: This obturator develops the seal with the dorsum of the tongue during deglutition, thus helping the patient to take liquid food orally. It has proven to be the acceptable and comfortable treatment option for the patients with total maxillectomy, thereby, enhancing the quality of life during the initial healing period.


The invention discloses a preparation method and an application technology of a citric acid modified palm tree bark adsorbing agent. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: washing palm tree bark by water to remove mud and impurities, drying and crushing the washed palm tree bark, mixing the crushed palm tree bark with a 8%-20% citric acid solution according to the proportion of 1g: 5ml-15ml after the palm tree bark is dried by a NaOH aqueous solution, reacting the mixture for 35-60 minutes at room temperature, heating the reacted mixture to 50-60 DEG C, reacting the heated mixture for 24-36 hours, heating the reacted mixture to 120-130 DEG C, reacting the heated mixture for 1-2 hours, cooling the reacted mixture, washing the cooled mixture with distilled water until no citric acid exists in washing liquid, mixing the washing liquid with a 10%-20% magnesium chloride solution according to the proportion of 1g: 5ml-12ml, reacting the mixture at room temperature, performing suction filtration on the reacted mixture, washing the filtered mixture with a 5%-10% magnesium chloride solution, and finally, baking washing liquid to obtain the citric acid modified palm tree bark adsorbing agent. The adsorbing agent has high adsorption capacity to basic dye, good physical and chemical properties, high mechanical stability and strong regeneration capacity, and is recyclable, low in cost and environment-friendly.


ABSTRACT The future is unfolding now, framed by unprecedented trends of complex humanitarian contexts. To prepare for this as a profession, social work education faculties need to respond to the current call for the scaling up of well-prepared social work practitioners. The Preparation for Complex Humanitarian Contexts for Pre-Service Social Work Students education framework offers a hybrid experience for social work students and includes an internationalized curriculum, practical hands-on experience through field education, and a meaningful field education Preparation Program. Successful implementation of the Preparation Program provides unparalleled opportunities to engage with students to become social workers for the future who will be well suited to work in complex humanitarian contexts and to be the mainstays of an uber workforce. Autoethnography is used in this article as a qualitative research method. Autoethnographical narratives are used to interpret the author's experiences as a humanitarian worker and as a university academic supporting students during field education.


The constraint condition affects the attack, but this impact is not considered by the existing decision algorithm. In order to make the decision algorithm more consistent with the actual situation, this paper gave an optimal attack decision method based on the correlation between vulnerability and constraint conditions. The method first establishes the attack logic graph according the attack template, and then uses the existing vulnerabilities and constraints to optimization the logic graph. The success probability and risk index of the atomic attack can be calculated based on the contribution rate of the constraint condition, and finally the optimal path can be obtained by using the maximum algorithm based on the utility of the attack path.


In contemporary China, rural-urban migrants constitute a new urban subject with entirely new identity-related issues. This study aims at demonstrating how literature can be a valid field in investigating such evolving subjectivities, through an analysis of Xu Zechen's early novellas depicting migrants' vicissitudes in Beijing. Combining a close reading of the texts and a review of the main social problems characterising rural-urban migration in China, this paper focuses on the representation of the identity crisis within the migrant self in Xu's stories, taking into account the network of meanings employed by the writer to signify the objective and subjective tension between the city and the countryside.


As a modern security design,Intrinsic Safety means that equipment and facilities is able to contain the inherent fundamental features to prevent accidents.Mine hoist is the most important equipment in the coal production.How to achieve safe,reliable,efficient production,has been the focus study at home and abroad.Intrinsic safety is reflected in hoist design,primarily through the design measures to improve the operation of hoist safety and reliability.


In this article, we consider the design of dynamic transmission scheduling policies for the industrial network systems sharing scarce communication resources. Only a few subsystems can obtain channel access for information updates to close their control loops at each time step, which highlights the necessity of designing optimal transmission scheduling schemes to achieve a minimum average linear quadratic cost of the industrial network systems. We first propose a greedy state-error-dependent scheduling (SES) policy based on the one-step expected profit and discuss its stability employing the Lyapunov function method. After formulating the scheduling optimization as a Markov decision process problem and relaxing with a soft constraint, we develop a heuristic near-optimal solution that guarantees the optimality of certainty equivalent controllers, namely, Whittle's index-inspired error-dependent scheduling (WIES). A stochastic stability condition of WIES is further given based on f-ergodicity. Due to low computational complexity and ease of implementation, the proposed schemes are suitable for large-scale heterogeneous industrial network systems. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed policies outperform the existing round-robin, holding-time-prioritized, and error-aware scheduling schemes.


Thermally modified wood is widely used in the woodworking industry, as it has increased resistance to environmental factors (humidity, temperature). The effect of high temperature on wood causes a decrease in water adsorption by reducing the available free hydroxyl groups of carbohydrates. The reduction in hygroscopicity contributes to the treated material size stability, as swelling and shrinkage are mainly associated with the phenomena of absorption and water desorption. The study of natural weathering always takes many years. Therefore, to study the resistance of thermodified wood to environmental influences, artificial weathering is used modeling of external factors (cyclic change of UV light and moisture). The effectiveness of the thermodified veneer use as a material for lining the furniture facades which working in different temperature and humidity conditions was established. The values of moisture and water absorption on the samples of oak veneer, which have previously undergone the heat treatment process, have been determined. It was found that the samples of oak veneer gained the most moisture from the environment in the first two days. The weight of unmodified veneer increased by 0.06 g, similar results showed veneer modified at temperatures of 160 and 190 °C. Thermodified veneer at a temperature of 250 °C for the first two days gained twice less. By the end of the experiment (next 11 days), the samples of ordinary and modified veneer at all temperatures absorbed the same amount of moisture. Untreated veneer and thermodified at temperatures of 160 and 220 °C absorbed 50-66 % of its initial weight, and modified at 250 °C – 20-36 %. Control samples of veneer during the determination of water absorption gained 98 % of the initial weight. Samples modified at 160 °C – 10, 20, 30 min showed the best result – reducing the value to 94 %, 93 % and 91 %. There is a slight improvement in water absorption after exposure to temperature 220 °C for 10, 20, 30 min – 91 %, 91 % and 90 %. Values water absorption at the level of 90 %, 89 % and 86 % were recorded in veneer samples modified at 250 °C.


The most important challenge for each country is: how to expand the market for its businesses, and how to enhance the social well-being of its people? Algeria has exhausted numerous strategies for development: centralized planning and industrializing industries while going through the mandated plan of structural adjustment. The World Bank and the FMI imposed mandatory conditions on all developing countries without any distinction. But this is not effective, because we cannot prescribe the same dose of the same medicine to everyone. Therefore, our goal is to study and analyze the consequences of the constraints imposed on Algeria. We will study the impact on its freedom to make economic, as well as social decisions. We will also study the impact on the efficiency and profitability of its businesses, considering the fact that exporting hydrocarbons represents more than 98% of the total of all exports.


The order-of-arrival (OOA) of a stream of objects moving along a direction is important for decision making in logistic and industrial applications. As an example, the dispatch of luggage in airports requires to determine their OOA at checkpoints; as another example, the automatic steering of items in supply chains requires to sort and identify them while moving on a conveyor belt. This paper establishes a general framework for determining the OOA of objects that are moving along a monitored direction via radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems. Three techniques for OOA tracking are proposed and developed for objects equipped with RFID tags possessing ranging capabilities. The benefits of the proposed techniques are validated experimentally based on measurements gathered with an RFID system operating in an indoor environment.


For postmenopausal women who are taking hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), moderate exercise can help mitigate the increased risk of stroke associated with HRT use.


While there is evidence of the cultural scripts lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) older people use in making sense of their lives, little attention has been given to how these scripts are themselves produced. This article examines cultural representations of LGBT ageing and older people in 40 UK and Australian websites. It is argued that these sites form part of a cultural imaginary about LGBT ageing and older people accessed by policy makers and service providers. Employing membership categorization analysis, the study revealed attributes attached to LGBT ageing categories that related to constraint and celebration narratives. It also uncovered anomalies within the text of 23 websites where celebration and constraint attributes were juxtaposed, although in 15 websites only celebration representations were apparent. The findings highlight the complexity of some representations of LGBT ageing and older people, and the limitations of framing LGBT ageing and older people in homogenous ways.


InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs interband‐tunneling structures have been analyzed with respect to the composition and structural quality of the AlSb tunneling barriers. The addition of AlAs monolayers at the interfaces between the AlSb barriers and the InAs and GaSb layers was found to result in the expected reduction in the valley current density of the resonant interband‐tunneling diode. Vibrational mode Raman spectroscopy showed that the introduction of AlAs monolayers led to the formation of pseudoternary Al(SbAs) barriers, which cause the observed reduction of the valley current density. Ellipsometric measurements indicate that the structural quality of both types of barrier layers, with and without AlAs monolayers added to the interfaces, is inferior to that of thick bulklike AlSb layers. The observation of Raman scattering from a coupled hole plasmon‐phonon mode indicates the formation of a hole gas in the GaSb quantum well at the center of the tunneling structure.


Purpose: The purpose of this, the third phase of a 3-phase research project, was to develop guidelines for client-centred nutrition education (NE). Methods: A 3-phase study was conducted using a progressive development design, where each phase informed the subsequent phase. Phase 1 was a national online survey of dietitians' perceptions of consumers' NE needs and preferences; results informed the Phase 2 national online survey of consumers about their NE needs and preferences. Phase 3 involved national 2-part teleconference consultations with dietitians to discuss implications of the Phase 2 findings for NE practice. This paper is the report of Phase 3. Results: Discussion group participants were 22 dietitians from around Canada who had been in practice for an average of 14.5 years. Discussions resulted in the development of the Collaborative Client-Centred Nutrition Education (3CNE) conceptual framework and related Practice Points that explicate the complexity of NE practice. Conclusion: The 3CNE framewo...


Antimicrobial resistance is a key emerging threat to human health, driven largely by overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals.1 Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common indication for which antibiotics are prescribed in the community,2 despite the fact that antibiotics are of minimal benefit for most of these syndromes. We define URTI broadly to include acute rhinitis, bronchitis, otitis media, pharyngitis and sinusitis. When faced with a patient presenting with symptoms and signs of a URTI, general practitioners face many challenges to antimicrobial stewardship, including patient expectation, but they often frame the problem as "is this viral or bacterial?". They then base their decision to prescribe antibiotics or not on this distinction. GPs cite diagnostic uncertainty about viral versus bacterial aetiology as a key factor driving their antibiotic prescribing for URTIs.3 Many educational resources aimed both at prescribers and the community refer to the viral versus bacterial paradigm to inform the choice of whether antibiotics should be prescribed or not.


The core of Vincent and Jane's Interrogating Incongruence is critical of the appeal to the concept of incongruence in DSM-5 and ICD-11 characterisations of trans people, a critique taken to be ground-clearing for more trans-positive, psychiatrically-infused medical interventions. I concur with Vincent and Jane's ultimate goals but depart from the view developed in the paper on two fronts. The first is that I remain sceptical about the overall prospects for truly trans-positive psychiatry. Trans should follow homosexuality and other categories of sexual orientation that have been abandoned rather than reformed as constituents of psychiatric diagnosis and categorisation. The second is that I think that the authors' central criticisms of the appeal to incongruence are misplaced. Invited commentary on Nicole A. Vincent and Emma A. Jane, "Interrogating Incongruence: Conceptual and Normative Problems with ICD-11's and DSM-5's Diagnostic Categories for Transgender People" Australasian Philosophical Review, in press Interrogating Incoherence and Prospects for a Trans-Positive Psychiatry Robert A. Wilson* University of Western Australia firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction The core of Interrogating Incongruence is critical and focused on the appeal to the concept of incongruence in DSM-5 and ICD-11 characterisations of trans people. This critique is part of a larger meliorative project and might be taken as ground-clearing for more trans-positive, psychiatrically-infused medical interventions. The constructive recommendations that are sketched include a shift to focus on "feelings of incongruence, instead of incongruence simpliciter" (p.24). Here the authors encourage a socially located critical examination of such feelings within the context of a more complete range of options for people experiencing them. I concur with the sentiment that this expresses but depart from the view developed in the paper on two fronts. The first is that I remain sceptical about the overall prospects for truly trans-positive psychiatry. Trans should follow homosexuality and other categories of sexual orientation that have been abandoned rather than reformed as constituents of psychiatric diagnosis and categorisation. The second is that I think that the authors' central criticisms of the appeal to incongruence are misplaced. * I am grateful to the authors for writing a thoughtful and stimulating paper and to the journal for the invitation to share some nascent thoughts about it. I would also like to thank Sophie Grace Chappell, Quinn Eades, Dominic Murphy, and Andrew Perfors for helpful feedback on an earlier draft. Pre-publication copy, Commentary on Vincent and Jane, in press 3 I will set up the basis for the first point (section 1) before concentrating the core of the commentary on the second point (sections 2 and 3). I then turn to why the authors' identification of regressiveness and hostility in DSM-5 and ICD-11 characterisations of trans people are important, return to conclude with some final thoughts about trans-positive psychiatry (sections 4 and 5). 1. Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria As the authors recognise, the continuing presence of diagnostic categories such as Gender Incongruence (in ICD-11) and Gender Dysphoria (in DSM-5) signal the medical stigmatisation of trans people. Both being trans and the antecedent, deeply felt desire to transition are not simply taken within psychiatry and medicine to be part of natural human variation. Rather, they remain deviations from norms regarded as standing in need of some kind of medical justification or explanation. This identification of trans people and trans desire as exemplifying marked variation (Wilson 2018a: ch.5-6) reflects at least three related facts. First, there is a complex historical entanglement of psychiatric classification with public (or common sense) views of trans people and trans desire. Second, contemporary psychiatric classification necessarily modifies past classification schemes that have been deeply stigmatising. Third, diagnostic categories continue to play a core role in warranting medical treatment and how medical expense is (or isn't) covered. Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria currently have the same kind of standing as Autism Spectrum Disorder in both the DSM-5 and ICD-11, rather than homosexuality, which does not feature in either manual. Yet it is perhaps the history of the removal of homosexuality as a diagnostic category that is more relevant for thinking about trans categories in psychiatric diagnostic systems. Homosexuality was removed by the American Psychiatric Association's Board of Trustees from DSM II in December 1973, though Sexual Orientation Pre-publication copy, Commentary on Vincent and Jane, in press 4 Disturbance was added to a revision of DSM II in 1974, a condition renamed as Ego Dystonic Homosexuality in DSM-III in 1980, this condition being removed altogether only in the 1987 revision to DSM-III. Homosexuality was removed from ICD in 1992. It is only with these removals in 1987 and 1992 that the long process of de-stigmatising homosexuality and homosexual desire within formal, major systems of psychiatric classification was completed. Interrogating Incongruence does an admirable job of documenting how appeals to incongruence arise within recent diagnostic manuals and treatment policies concerning trans people. Here the authors offer two distinct and precise formulations of the relevant incongruence theses in the conclusion of section 2 (p.8): IT1: transgender people's experienced gender is incongruent with their natal sex. IT2: transgender people's experienced gender is incongruent with their natal gender. The authors claim that theses suffer from two problems: they are "conceptually incoherent" and "insidiously regressive and hostile to diversity". I shall argue that this first claim of conceptual incoherence is difficult to defend, especially given the authors' own suggestions for a more trans-positive psychiatry (sections 23). I shall then argue that the second claim about regressiveness and hostility points to a normative claim about diversity that can be informatively elaborated by reference to the important role of trans narratives in arriving at a more trans-positive psychiatry (section 4). I conclude with a brief reconsideration of the prospects here. 2. Interrogating Incoherence: Experienced Gender and Natal Sex In their introduction, the authors state the more general incongruence thesis from which IT1 and IT2 are derived, as follows: Pre-publication copy, Commentary on Vincent and Jane, in press 5 IT: Transgender people's experienced gender is incongruent with their natal sex or their natal gender, and the purpose of transgender medical interventions is to reduce that incongruence. (p.3). The authors later suggest that "there is another kind of claim that transgender people might make which we think has much merit—namely [1] 'My gender feels incongruent with my sex'" (p.23, my numbering). Part of that merit lies in the place that such a first-person report has in trans self-understanding and narrative, as the authors show in the short first-person narrative they include from one of them. In light of this suggestion, however, we might be puzzled at the claim that IT is conceptually incoherent. For I take (1) to be parallel to (and just as important in the relevant contexts as) the following claims: (2) My pain feels incongruent with my bodily damage; and (3) My anxiety feels incongruent with my physical or social situation. (2) typically reports an important truth for people who experience pain in a body part without having damage in that body part—cases of phantom limb pain are a well-known examples— or who fail to experience pain when bodily damage would usually result in painful experiences—people in short-term shock or with damage to their nociceptive systems are in this situation. Likewise, (3) often reports a significant truth for people diagnosed with phobias (higher levels of anxiety than the physical or social situation warrants) and for people whose anxiety is extremely low or absent in dangerous or threatening situations. Yet it would seem that (2) can be readily paraphrased as (2a) and (2b), and (3) as (3a) and (3b): (2) My pain feels incongruent with my bodily damage. (2a) My felt pain is incongruent with my bodily damage. (2b) My experienced pain is incongruent with my bodily damage. (3) My anxiety feels incongruent with my social situation. Pre-publication copy, Commentary on Vincent and Jane, in press 6 (3a) My felt anxiety is incongruent with my social situation. (3b) My experienced anxiety is incongruent with my social situation. If that is so, then (1) can be likewise paraphrased as (1a) and (1b): (1) My gender feels incongruent with my natal sex. (1a) My felt gender is incongruent with my natal sex. (1b) My experienced gender is incongruent with my natal sex. This implies that there is a tension between endorsing (1) as part of a trans-positive psychiatry yet claiming that (1b) is conceptually incoherent. It also suggests that it is easier to make sense of talk of incongruence in the case of experienced gender and both natal sex and natal gender than the authors suppose. (Yet matters are complicated here, as we will shortly see.) Consider now the argument, in section 4.1, that IT1 is incoherent because sex and gender are "conceptually distinct things that empirically vary independently of one another" (p.16). For this reason, the authors argue, "sex and gender simply cannot be either congruent or incongruent" (p.16). Their argument against IT1 here relies on one or more claims made in the preceding section and a general principle that links those claims to the rejection of IT1. Those six claims involve two about sex and three about the relationship between sex, gender, and sexuality. They are that (a) sex is not binary, (b) sex is spectral and multidimensional, (c) sex, gender, and sexual


Groundwater within the Indo‐Gangetic Basin (IGB) alluvial aquifer system forms one of the
world's most important and heavily exploited reservoirs of freshwater. In this study we
have examined the groundwater system through the lens of its resilience to change – both
from the impact of climate change and increases in abstraction. This has led to the
development of a series of new maps for the IGB aquifer, building on existing datasets held
in Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh, a review of approximately 500 reports and papers,
and three targeted field studies on under‐researched topics within the region. The major
findings of the study are described below.
The IGB groundwater system
1. The IGB alluvial aquifer system comprises a large volume of heterogeneous
unconsolidated sediment in a complex environmental setting. Annual rainfall varies
from 2000mm in the Bengal basin, and the
system is dissected by the major river systems of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.
The groundwater system has been modified by the introduction of large scale canal
irrigation schemes using water from the Indus and Ganges since the 19th and early 20th
centuries.
2. High yielding tubewells can be sustained in most parts of the alluvial aquifer system;
permeability is often in the range of 10 – 60 m/d and specific yield (the drainable
porosity) varies from 5 – 20%, making it highly productive.
3. High salinity and elevated arsenic concentrations exist in parts of the basin limiting the
usefulness of the groundwater resource. Saline water predominates in the Lower Indus,
and near to the coast in the Bengal Delta, and is also a major concern in the Middle
Ganges and Upper Ganges (covering much of the Punjab Region in Pakistan, southern
Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar Pradesh in India). Arsenic severely impacts the
development of shallow groundwater in the fluvial influenced deltaic area of the Bengal
Basin.
4. Recharge to the IGB aquifer system is substantial and dynamic, controlled by monsoonal
rainfall, leakage from canals, river infiltration and irrigation returns. Recharge from
rainfall can occur even with low annual rainfall (350 mm) and appears to dominate
where rainfall is higher (> 750 mm). Canal leakage is also highly significant and
constitutes the largest proportion of groundwater recharge in the drier parts of the
aquifer, partially mitigating the effects of abstraction on groundwater storage.
5. Deep groundwater (>150 m) in the Bengal basin has strategic value for water supply,
health and economic development. Excessive abstraction poses a greater threat to the
quality of this deep groundwater than climate change. Heavy pumping may induce the
downward migration of arsenic in parts of Bangladesh, and of saline water in coastal
regions, but field evidence and modelling both suggest that deep groundwater
abstraction for public water supply in southern Bangladesh is in general secure against
widespread ingress of arsenic and saline water for at least 100 years.


It is noted that wide-angle radiation patterns of a parabolic reflector can now be efficiently calculated with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. In this approach edge diffracted fields are conveniently assumed those of an isotropic source at the focus with amplitude equal to feed radiation in the edge directions. While accurate for diffraction in the forward and rear directions, this assumption can be less accurate for lateral radiation and spillover lobes of the pattern. With the complex source point method the approximation of an isotropic source is no longer necessary. Beam diffraction by the edge can now be predicted simply and accurately. This is demonstrated for two-dimensional beam diffraction by a parabolic cylinder reflector.<<ETX>>


AIMS
People living with heart disease are at elevated risk of hospitalisation during the last years of their life. The aim of this study was to describe hospitalisation-related usage patterns, and associated cost burden, for patients living with heart disease in the last six years of their life.

METHODS AND RESULTS
The study was an observational cohort study, using routinely collected and linked data from hospital admission, ED presentation and death registry data in Queensland, Australia. The study sample included 1000 randomly selected patients who died in 2017 due to any cause who had been living with heart disease for at least the prior six years. The two main outcomes of interest in this study were cost of hospital admissions (HA) and cost of emergency department presentation (ED) in the last six years before death. Total cost was calculated as a sum of direct and overhead costs from each of the hospital presentations.The mean HA per patient in the sixth year, second year and last year prior to death was 5.3, 6.6, and 7.5, respectively, with a similar pattern observed for ED presentations. The associated costs per patient from HA followed a similar trajectory increasing gradually from $17,711 in the sixth year to $26,658 in the second last year prior to death. A similar pattern was observed for ED presentation costs.

CONCLUSION
The large increase cost in the last year of life was primarily attributable to higher treatment cost per hospital admission at end of life.


Welding method by electron beam. The electron beam produced by the electron gun 15 is deflected at the inlet 52 of the surface to be welded by means of electromagnetic devices. In this way the heel 18 of the melt retention may be disposed at the right height for retaining the melt without being damaged by the electron beam which passes just above. Side outlet 54 of the electron beam out of the workpiece can be arranged a shield 24 or other deflecting device the beam at the output. Welding flawless.


This study aimed to assess the impact of multi‐route co‐exposures to chemicals on interindividual variability in toxicokinetics. Probabilistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic multi‐route interaction models were developed for adults and four younger subpopulations. Drinking water‐mediated multi‐route exposures were simulated for benzene alone or in co‐exposure with toluene, ethylbenzene and m‐xylene, for trichloroethylene or vinyl chloride (VC), alone and in mixture. These simulations were performed for "low" and "high" exposure scenarios, involving respectively the US EPA's short‐term drinking water health advisories, and 10 times these advisory values. Distributions of relevant internal dose metrics for benzene, trichloroethylene and VC were obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. Intergroup variability indexes (VI) were computed for the "low" (VIL) and "high" (VIH) exposure scenarios, as the ratio between the 95th percentile in each subpopulation over the median in adults. Thus, for benzene, parent compound's area under the curve‐based VIL for single exposures vs. co‐exposures correspondingly varied between 1.7 (teenagers) and 2.8 (infants) vs. 1.9 and 3.1 respectively. VIH varied between 2.5 and 3.5 vs. 2.9 and 4.1. Inversely, VIL and VIH for the amount of benzene metabolized via CYP2E1 pathway decreased in co‐exposure compared to single exposure. For VC and trichloroethylene, similar results were obtained for the "high" exposure, but "low" co‐exposures did not impact the toxicokinetics of individual substances. In conclusion, multi‐route co‐exposures can have an impact on the toxicokinetics of individual substances, but to an extent, that does not seem to challenge the default values attributed to the factors deemed at reflecting interindividual or child/adult differences in toxicokinetics.


Failure phenomena of web server systems are considered to depend on their workload characteristics. In this paper we focus on the Apache server system and analyse the real access/error logs. Based on parametric and non-parametric statistics, we characterise the web server failure from both theoretical and empirical points of view. As the result, it can be shown that the number of sessions strongly affects to the failure rate property of the Apache server.


Objective The aim of this study was to compare the eugenol temporary cement and eugenol free temporary cement of shear bond strength (SBS) of self-etching systems. Methods 16 freshly extracted bovine flat dentine surfaces were produced by wet grinding on a 200,400,600,800-grit SiC paper. and mounted in acrylic. specimens were covered with the eugenol temporary cement and eugenol free temporary cement.All specimens were stored for l week in distilled water at 37 ℃ .Then.the temporary cement was mechanically removed.The dentin surfaces of were treated with self-etching bonding system according to manufacturer instructions.Thereafter composite resin columns(6mm diameter.2 mill high)were applied.After specimens stored in distilled water at 37℃ for 24 hours.The shear bond testing wascarried out using a SHIMADZU universal testing machine witll a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute.The mode of failure was examined using SEM.The data were analyzed using ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.01. Results The shear bond strength for each group were as folows:Group1 35.46 MPa,Group2 36.09 MPa, no significant difference was found between two groups treated with the eugenol temporary cement and eugenol free temporary cement.Conclusion Pretreatment of the dentin with the eugenol temporary cement and eugenol free temporary cement has no adverse influence on the self-etching bonding systems.


Here we consider the numerical approximations of the 2D simplified Ericksen-Leslie system. We first rewrite the system and get a new system. For the new system, we propose an easy-to-implement time discretization scheme which preserves the sphere constraint at each node, enjoys a discrete energy law, and leads to linear and decoupled elliptic equations to be solved at each time step. A discrete maximum principle of the scheme in the finite element form is also proved. Some numerical simulations are performed to validate the scheme and simulate the dynamic motion of liquid crystals. Mathematics subject classification: 52B10, 65D18, 68U05, 68U07


Broad outcrops of Lower Palaeozoic rocks, both sedimentary and igneous, are ranged across northern Britain and Ireland. The older of these rocks accumulated as the Iapetus Ocean grew to its maximum width, achieved towards the end of the Cambrian, and reflect conditions at its extending and subsiding margins. The younger of the rocks were deposited in compressive tectonic regimes as the ocean began to close, a process that was completed by the mid Silurian.


The utility model provides a pen-holder-shaped mouse and a device combing same with a microphone. The pen-holder-shaped mouse comprises a cylindrical body of a pen-holder-shaped structure, a thumb light-touch keystroke, a belt-type roller, a forefinger light-touch keystroke, a control circuit, a main body wireless connecting module and a charging battery, wherein the thumb light-touch keystroke, the belt-type roller and the forefinger light-touch keystroke are arranged on a sensing bottom surface and a side surface on the bottom part of the cylindrical body, the control circuit, the main body wireless connecting module and the charging battery are arranged inside the cylindrical body, and the pen-holder-shaped mouse is characterized by comprising a shifting switch on the side surface of the cylindrical body, a main body interface socket on the top of the cylindrical body and a plug-in connecting wire which is used for charging and for the data transmission; and the pen-holder-shaped mouse comprises an audio socket on the top of the cylindrical body and a cap-shaped microphone module with the bottom part being provided with an audio plug. The pen-holder-shaped mouse and the device combining the pen-holder-shaped mouse and the microphone can be converted to a wireless or a cabled connection mode at will. The pen-holder-shaped mouse has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in carrying, flexibility in operation and convenience in use, and can save the resource and improve the application efficiency.


Sociologists in Japan began their own collection of social stratification data for the first time in 1955. This essay introduces the history of social stratification and inequality studies in Japan. With the initiative of the International Sociological Association (ISA), the Japan Sociological Society (JSS) took part in national data collection for cross-national studies in 1955. The continued project is today called the National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility, or the SSM survey in Japan. How have the changing global and local economic conditions shaped the social stratification and inequality in Japan since the mid-1950s? As a result of the high economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan has achieved 'basic equality.' Despite its comparatively declined economic growth rate after that, Japan's household income inequality, along with a large gender disparity in individual income, has remained relatively unchanged. With such stability, however, Japan today faces a number of social challenges. I propose to call this social stage and society itself, a maturing society. Japan today is struggling to design its new and suitable life style in the process of social maturation.


The simulation of precipitation changes can provide references for the prediction and prevention of flood disasters, and has guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of regional water resources. Precipitation forecasting is difficult due to the randomness and uncertainty of precipitation events. CEEMD can effectively overcome modal aliasing and white noise interference. The WTD process has obvious denoising effects on the original signal. GRU can effectively solve long-term memory and reflection. Based on the advantages of problems such as gradients in propagation, a CEEMD-WTD-GRU precipitation prediction coupling model is constructed. The second decomposition of CEEMD-WTD-GRU can more effectively extract complex time series information. The time series forecasting provided a new method, which effectively improved the accuracy of the forecast and applied it to the forecast of monthly precipitation in Shanghai. The research results show that the average absolute error of the CEEMD-WTD-GRU model is 3.86, the average relative error is 3.30%, and the Nash efficiency coefficient is 0.99. The prediction accuracy is better than the CEEMD-WTD-GRU model without noise reduction, the CEEMD-LSTM model and GRU model, which shows that it has strong nonlinear and complex process learning ability in hydrological factor simulation, and can be used for regional precipitation prediction.


This study aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets and Current Ratio on Debt to Equity Ratio at PT Duta Anggada Realty. The method used is explanatory research. Regression testing, correlation, determination and hypothesis testing are techniques used for statistical analysis. The results of this study, Return on Asset does not have a significant impact on the Debt to Equity Ratio, the value of Determination is 13.9%, hypothesis testing is obtained t count <t table or (-1.138 <2.306). Current Ratio has no significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio, the value of determination is 21.5%, hypothesis testing is obtained t count <t table or (-1,480 <2,306). Simultaneously, Current Ratio and Return On Asset do not have a significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio, the regression equation Y = 36.963 24.424X1 0.409X2 is obtained and the value of determination is 39.2%, hypothesis testing obtained F value <F table or (2.259 < 4,350).


The use of the internet in the business world has influenced the traditional form of presenting corporate information. In addition, the rapid development of the internet creates new ways for companies to communicate with investors. Companies use the internet to report financial information to investors, known as Internet Financial Reporting (IFR). Disclosure of data on the company's website is a signal from the company to outside parties, one of which is reliable financial information and will reduce uncertainty about the company's prospects. This article examines the effect of firm size, profitability, liquidity, type of industry, leverage, auditor reputation, age of listing, level of public ownership, and level of foreign ownership on the probability of companies implementing Internet Financial Reporting (IFR). The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of data from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The conclusion that can draw from this article is that the variables of profitability, firm size, liquidity, type of industry, auditor reputation, foreign ownership, and public ownership have a positive and significant effect on financial reporting practices via the internet (Internet Financial Reporting). While the leverage variable, listing age, was not proven to substantially impact financial reporting practices via the internet (Internet Financial Reporting).


The upward diffusion cloud chamber was used to study the homogeneous nucleation of the MeOH–H2O and n‐PrOH–H2O mixtures over a wide range of water activities (i.e., relative humidities). The results are compared with the predictions of theory. Good agreement between the experimental results and the classical theory of homogeneous nucleation was found for alcohol rich mixtures. However, at high water concentrations, the experiments require much more alcohol than theoretically predicted. This is the same conclusion as was obtained previously for the EtOH–H2O mixture. It is shown that this disagreement can be explained by the fact that, for the alcohol–water systems, the use of macroscopic surface tension is not relevant to binary nucleation experiments.


While the subject of organizational ethics has received a great deal of attention in the literature, it is often difficult to show students the relationship between the concepts of business and ethics. Essentially, the applicability of ethical principles often escape the students' grasp. Because the students' sole understanding of ethics is usually via a text and lecture, they view ethical decisions as unidimensional and static. In order to overcome this problem, the lecture must be followed by an experience of ethical decisionmaking (so as to make the learning more relevant and fruitful). Experience seems the most plausible way to provide the student with the dynamics of ethical decision-making. Since truly hands-on experience seems virtually impossible, the only alternative would seem to be to provide students with a hypothetical case and simulated environment in which ethical decisions can be made. The Institutional Review Board. Current regulations require that research on human subjects being conducted at colleges, universities, and medical centers be reviewed to determine whether questionable procedures are being used. This review is done through the creation of an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB is a group of individuals from the institution and community who closely review research proposals and determine whether the intended research violates ethical standards. The IRB is considered a near-perfect model for teaching students about ethics. Since the IRB discusses the ethics of certain procedures, and then i


This article is concerned with the robust adaptive control circuit design for pulse wide modulation (PWM)-based dc–dc buck converters with load variations and exogenous disturbances. A robust adaptive perturbation rejection control strategy is first developed to suppress time-varying and state-dependent perturbations, which are composed of load variations and disturbances. Then, equivalent analog control circuits of the adaptive control strategy are implemented on the basis of the circuit theory. Bounded tracking of the closed-loop converter system in the presence of perturbations is achieved based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Simulations and experimental results are provided to validate the efficiency of the proposed adaptive perturbation rejection control strategy in a dc–dc buck converter system.


Cognitive workload is a quantitative usage measure of the limited amount of working memory. Its measuring is of great importance for understanding human mental effort processing, evaluating information systems or supporting diagnosis and treatment of patients. The paper presents the results of cognitive workload classification of electroencephalographic (EEG) data. The performed study covered arithmetic tasks realised in several intervals with the increasing difficulty level. Brain waves data in the form of EEG signal were gathered and processed in the form of frequency spectra. The paper discusses the process of features selection performed with several methods including ranking methods (K-Fisher), Feature Selection By Eigenvector Centrality (ECFS) and Mitinffs mutual information-based approach. What is more, the paper presents results of participant cognitive workload classification based on such methods as Support Vector Machines (SVM), boosted trees and k-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm. The paper discusses the efficiency of features selection methods and accuracy of applied classification methods.


This paper presents an AGC system with a Smith predictor in combination with the NN-based PID algorithm to compen- sate the dead-time of the system.The simulation result shows that the new controller has a better performance and adaptability.


Several features are found to discriminate between the vocals sounds and other environmental sounds. The vocal sounds include speaking, laughter, etc., 23 kinds of nonverbal and verbal sounds; and the environmental sounds are recorded in domestic environments. The discriminative features are selected from 22 kinds of features. They are the speech recognition features of LPCC and MFCC, time-spectral features from FFT, statistics of pitch values and contour, ratio of voiced and unvoiced segments, and spectrum of pitch contour. The 9 features calculated from pitch contours perform much better than the features calculated from spectrums, which show no discriminability. The classification is performed simply by a neural network to evaluate the performance of the 9 features. They are tested on a 21 CDs environmental sound database. And the hit rate of 9 8.7 3% with the false alarm rate of 11 % are obtained. The classification result confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of the features.


Author(s): Starr, A; Britt, R | Abstract: ALL OF TIIE vmth NERVE FIBERS originating in the coch lea terminate in the cochlear nucleus, the first central station of the auditory pathway. Extracellular recordings from units in this nucleus have shown a diversity of both spontaneous and tone-evoked activities compared to activity in Vlllth nerve fibers. Tone-evoked inhibition of spontaneous activity occurs with certainty in the cochlear nucleus (8, 9, 12), but has not been securely demonstrated in VIIlth nerve (5, 9, 10, 18, 22), and response patterns to steady tones are quite varied in cochlear nucleus (15), whereas a single response pattern characterizes VIII th nerve fibers (I 0). The synaptic events in cochlear nucleus that accompany acoustic stimulation have only recently begun to be explored (4, 6). The present study utilizes intracellular recordings and stimulating techniques in the cochlear nucleus to further delineate the synaptic basis for central processing of auditory signals.


To carry forward the national spirit it is needed to adopt a new viewpoint - the global insight; to locate the national culture, it is necessary to take a new coordinate - an opening, converging, updating and creative coordinate to think about how to speed up the pace for the national culture and arts to be globe-orientated. To carry forward the national spirit, it is mandatory to unearth and develop the character of the Chinese culture of consecutive innovation in the process of compatibility, blending, opening and converging; it is imperative to shift the angle of sight and convert ideas to make a new grasp of the national culture in the overall pattern of the contemporary global culture; it is also required to work hard to make the two-way language conversion and link up, integrate and innovate in the conversion.


The present invention determines that the processor (610,1010), a processor (610,1010) accessible memory by (640,1040), at least one physical parameter is applied to a navigation device (200), at least information indicating one parameter relates to a processor navigation and means (620,1020,1030) to be output to the (640,1040) (600,1000). In that case, the processor (610,1010) is configured to determine the road surface characteristics based on the received information, configured to store road quality information indicating the location of the road surface characteristics in the memory (640,1040).


An electric charge near the surface of a topological insulator (TI) induces an image magnetic monopole. Here we study the spectra of hydrogenlike ions near the surface of a planar TI, taking into account the modifications which arise due to the presence of the image monopole magnetic fields. In fact, the atom-TI interaction provides additional contributions to the Casimir-Polder potential while the ion-TI interaction modifies the energy shifts in the spectrum, which now became distance dependent. We show that the hyperfine structure is sensitive to the image magnetic monopole fields in states with nonzero angular momentum, and that circular Rydberg ions can enhance the maximal energy shifts. We discuss in detail the energy splitting of the $n$P$_{1/2}$ and $n$P$_{3/2}$ states in hydrogen. We also analyze the Casimir-Polder potential and find that this magnetic interaction produces a large distance repulsive tail for some particular atomic states. A sizable value of the maximum of the potential requires TIs with very low values of the permittivity together with high values of the topological magnetoelectric polarization.


Peer learning is increasingly used for healthcare students in the clinical setting. However, as peer learning between students involves students taking a teaching role, it is unclear what the supervisor's role then becomes. It is vital to determine the role of the supervisor in student peer learning to ensure high quality learning and patient safety.


Monoacylated mesitylene is industrially an important precursor used in fine chemical and intermediate industries. The current processes use highly polluting and hazardous catalysts. In the current work, selective synthesis of 2',4',6'-trimethyl acetophenone (monoacylated mesitylene) from 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene) and acetyl chloride was studied by using K-10 montomorillonite clay based heteropolyacids such as dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) and dodecatungstosilicic acid (DTS). Acetyl chloride was found to be a better acylating agent as compared to acetic anhydride and acetic acid. 20% w/w DTP/K10 was found to be the most active and 100% selective catalyst for monoacylation in comparison with others, either supported or unsupported. A complete theoretical and experimental analysis is presented. The reaction follows the Eley−Rideal type of mechanism with weak adsorption of the acylating species. The energy of activation was found to be 18 kcal mol-1, indicating that the reaction is intrinsical...


The common signals in public channels of cellular networks should be transmitted omni-directionally from the base station to guarantee reliable coverage. In this paper, we propose a transmission scheme for public channels in massive MIMO systems based on the precoding-extended Alamouti code. This proposed space-time code has the following four features: 1) the transmitted signal is omni-directional, i.e., its DFT has constant-envelope; 2) the transmitted signal on each antenna has constant-envelope to achieve the highest power-efficiency; 3) the maximum diversity order 2 can be obtained; 4) it is easy for downlink channel estimation at the user side. Furthermore, we propose two different constellation designs for the two symbols in this space-time code, i.e., these two symbols can be modulated independently or jointly. The independent design has the advantage in fast decoding while the joint design has the advantage in superior performance. Simulations verify the effectiveness of our scheme.


The allegation that liberals neglect the value of community has a long – some would say notorious – history. Rawls's A Theory of Justice , immediately acclaimed as the most systematic and sophisticated statement of liberal theory to date, must have confirmed the worst suspicions of those predisposed to believe that liberalism's emphasis on the individual implied its neglect of the formative significance of their social context and the moral significance of relations between them. For Rawls's invocation of a hypothetical contract, whereby rational and disembodied individuals, deprived of all particularity and characterised simply as free and equal, are to agree on principles to regulate the distribution of benefits and burdens in society, seemed perfectly to illustrate the claim that liberalism commits a number of fundamental errors: Seeking an unavailable Archimedean point from which to construct an abstract and universally applicable blueprint for society; Assuming individuals to be fundamentally self-interested; Ignoring the fact that people are socially constituted; Positing an incoherent metaphysical essence of the person; and Claiming to be neutral while sneaking in strongly individualistic premises. It is not hard to see why many of Rawls's most influential critics formulated their objections in terms that pointed, in one way or another, to his failure to appreciate the value or significance of 'community', a shared line of attack that, despite important differences, earned them and their critique the label 'communitarian'.


Objective: To investigate the use of IOS technique in bronchial dilation test, and assess the correlation between the impedance measured by IOS and FEV1 measured by spirometry in bronchial dilation test.Method: The impedance measured by IOS was compared with concomitant maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve by spirometry during the bronchial dilation test in acute asthmatic children. The change of FEV1≥15% after inhaled bronchial dilator was considered positive. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, P values 0.05 were considerd significant.Result: There was significant decreasing of the impedance after inhaled the bronchial dilator. The changes of impedance parameters were significantly correlated with the change of FEV1, especially R5 and Zrs. By the analysis of multiple linear regression, we obtained the equation: △FEV1=-1.527△Zrs+0.883△R5.Conclusion: IOS may be used in bronchial dilation test in children.