While China has rapidly expanded scientific research on nanotechnology, the development of entrepreneurial technology-oriented small nanotechnology companies faces a series of challenges. While institutions and incentives for academic scholarship are well-established in China, mechanisms to support technology-based entrepreneurship are new and relatively fragile. New enterprises in the emerging area of nanotechnology face problems of technology transfer and intellectual property management, capital acquisition, market uncertainty, and constrained access to global markets. This paper explores issues and trajectories of nanotechnology SME commercialization, probing the particular characteristics of the Chinese context and the ways in which innovation frameworks, institutions and business strategies are enmeshed. We examine in detail the case of an innovative Chinese indigenous small firm engaged in nano-fumed silica development, investigating the strategies and pushand pull-factors underlying its innovation practices. We find that the technology is company-driven but also highly connected to public R&D support which stimulates "spin-in" development as this small firm embeds technology and business development strategies with host institutions. We explore the proposition that the institutional relationships which are 1 Corresponding author :Li Tang, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 685 Cherry St. N.W. Atlanta, GA 30318, USA. Tel.:+1 678 896 3133; E-mail address: email@example.com


The relative contribution of active synapses and discharging neurons to [14C]2‐DG labeling in film autoradiographss of the auditory system was studied in a series of three experiments, two in cat, one in chick. In the first, the lateral superior olive in cats was specially prepared so that its inhibitory afferents could be stimulated without concurrent stimulation of its excitatory afferents. The film autoradiographs showed clear 2‐DG labeling in the vicinity of the activated inhibitory synapses.


We consider a combined routing and flow control problem involving multiple links, and a large number of noncooperative users, with the utility function of each user quantifying a trade-off between throughput and delay. We study the existence and characterization of 'approximate' Nash equilibria of the symmetric type when the number of users gets arbitrarily large, and demonstrate that there may not exist an approximate equilibrium with positive flow on all links. We also provide a complete set of results for the single user multiple link problem.


A pitfall-trap study was used to investigate the importance of body size, age, body condition (males only), season and growth history as determinates of male and female life-history fitness traits in a population of the frog Crinia signifera. Specimens were dissected to determine physiological characteristics and skeletochronology was used to determine age. Females lived longer and attained a larger size than males by delaying sexual maturity. Most females and males attained sexual maturity after three and two years, respectively; although eggs were found in females as young as one year old. Body size (but not age) was the primary determinant of fecundity, total reproductive output (clutch mass) and oviduct mass for females. Season was the predominant influence on egg size, with smaller eggs produced in summer than in other seasons. Direct investment in male gonads (testes size) was determined by body size and also by age. This, and the fact that sexual size dimorphism in amphibians is commonly female biased, suggests that male size is not necessarily the primary determinant of male reproductive success in C. signifera. Whereas selection on reproductive traits in females is likely to act predominantly on body size, selection in males is also likely to act on survival.


8016 Background: Patients (pts) with RRMM previously exposed to immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors (PIs), and CD38 antibodies (mAbs) have poor outcomes with subsequent treatments. Ide-cel, a BCMA-directed CAR T cell therapy, showed frequent, deep, and durable responses in heavily pretreated pts with RRMM in the pivotal KarMMa trial (Munshi NC, et al. J Clin Oncol 2020;38[suppl 15]. Abstract 8503). Here, we present updated data. Methods: Pts with ≥ 3 prior regimens (including immunomodulatory agent, PI, and CD38 mAb) and refractory to their last regimen per IMWG criteria were eligible (NCT03361748). Pts received 150─450 × 106 CAR+ T cells (target dose range) after 3 days of lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 + fludarabine 30 mg/m2). Endpoints included overall response rate (ORR; primary) and complete response (CR) rate (key secondary). Additional secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: KarMMa enrolled 140 pts, and 128 received ide-cel. Pts had a median age of 61 years and a median of 6 (range, 3-16) prior regimens; 84% were triple-class refractory, and 26% were penta-class refractory (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and daratumumab). Most pts (88%) had bridging therapy. Median follow-up was 15.4 mo (data cutoff, 7 Apr 2020). ORR was 73% and median PFS was 8.8 mo in all treated pts; both increased with higher dose (Table). At the highest target dose (450 × 106 CAR+ T cells), the ORR was 81%, the CR rate was 39%, and the median PFS increased to 12.2 months with longer follow-up. Responses were observed in all subgroups including difficult-to-treat subsets (eg, extramedullary disease [ORR, 70%], high tumor burden [71%], and R-ISS stage III disease [48%]). OS continues to mature and the median has not been reached; the 15-month event-free rate for OS was 71%. Cytopenias (97%) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS; 84%) were the most common any-grade toxicities. CRS was mostly grade 1/2; 5 pts (4%) had grade 3, 1 had grade 4 (at 300 × 106), and 1 had grade 5 (at 300 × 106). Investigator-identified neurotoxicity was reported in 23 pts (18%); 4 pts (3%) had grade 3 and 0 had grade ≥ 4. Tocilizumab was used in 67 and 3 pts with CRS and neurotoxicity, respectively. Conclusions: Updated results from the KarMMa trial continue to demonstrate deep, durable responses with ide-cel in heavily pretreated pts with RRMM. Efficacy and safety reflect prior reports and support a favorable clinical benefit-risk profile for ide-cel across the target dose range. Clinical trial information: NCT03361748. [Table: see text]


With the development and application of advanced measurement systems and power distribution information collection systems, user-side data has increased geometrically. In the face of massive data, mining and using user-side data characteristics is one of the main problems of current big data analysis. In this paper, one month's load data of users in a residential area in Shandong is used as a research sample. Firstly, the characteristics of electricity consumption are analyzed, the feature set of electricity consumption behavior is established, and the feature extraction and dimension reduction are carried out by the PCA method in this paper. Then, the users' electricity consumption behavior is clustered, the users are divided into five categories, and the characteristics are analyzed and compared; Finally, based on the entropy weight method, comprehensive energy efficiency assessment is performed for residential users, and its comprehensive energy efficiency is evaluated from horizontal and vertical perspectives, combined with the characteristics of electricity consumption. The results of this paper provide help for further data analysis and application of power demand load forecast analysis, differentiated services, etc.


Abstract Sex therapy patients report high rates of childhood interpersonal trauma (CIT) and insecure attachment, which may negatively influence the quality of their alliance with the therapist. Poor therapeutic alliance is associated with weaker progress during treatment. However, the effect of CIT, attachment and alliance on progress in therapy has not yet been documented in patients consulting for sexual difficulties. With a pre and post-test design, a total of 74 adults (39 women; 35 men) seeking sex therapy completed questionnaires assessing CIT, attachment representations, and therapeutic alliance. The main outcome measure was evolution of sexual satisfaction over the course of therapy. Results showed that, on average, patients experienced an improvement in their sexual satisfaction. Patients showing the largest improvement reported less attachment anxiety and higher levels of therapeutic alliance at pre-test. Furthermore, although participants reporting four or more types of CIT showed lower sexual satisfaction at pre-test, they reached a level similar to patients with less CIT at post-test, and thus, they demonstrated the greatest level of improvement. These findings support the beneficial effect of sex therapy for patients with a CIT history, and that, with a strong therapeutic relationship and attachment, all patients can develop a more positive and enjoyable sexuality.


The use of PVC in biomedical applications is often questioned, owing to the possible adverse effects that this material may have on human health. Blood is transported in dialysis devices through flexible plastic tubes that are usually made of PVC. The most common plasticizer, even for such biomedical applications, is dioctyl phthalate (DOP). It improves the processability of the blend, thus reducing the viscosity, and improves the characteristics of the product by increasing its flexibility at low temperatures. However, the DOP migration to the tube surface may cause thrombogenic reactions, and for this reason, the medical use of PVC implies the addition of heparin to blood as an anticoagulant and is, however, limited to short‐term applications. In this work the production of coextruded PVC tubes was explored. These two‐layer tubes are characterized by an internal layer, in contact with the patient blood, which has a DOP content distinctly lower than that of the external layer. This difference can reduce the amount of released plasticizer harmful to the organism. On the other hand, the inner layer reduces the overall mechanical flexibility of the tube. A complete characterization, therefore, was carried out in order to evidence the advantages and drawbacks of such products. Extraction tests were conducted to evaluate the release rate of PVC in comparison to that of traditional tubes. Thermal and rheological analyses were performed to estimate material processability. Mechanical and dynamic‐mechanical testing were done to determine performance. The results showed that the biocompatibility characteristics are significantly improved, while keeping acceptable levels of mechanical properties and of additional product cost. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 11:111–118, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers


This study aims to determine the profile of immunoglobulin M (IgM) of bali cattle in Nusa Penida. The serum samples of 54 bali cattle that were kept in Nusa Penida based on geographical criteria consisted of highlands (Klumpu and Batumadeg villages) and lowlands (Ped villages), age covering young bali cattle (12-18 months) and adults (24 months and over), while sex (male and female). The serum obtained was tested using the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. The results showed that 54 samples of serum of bali cattle in Nusa Penida were detected in the presence of levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) with values ranging from 2.565 ng/mL – 8.834 ng/mL. The mean rate of serum IgM cattle raised in the lowlands (4,837 ± 1,385 ng / mL) was descriptively higher than in the highlands (4,761 ± 1,353 ng / mL), while for female bali cattle (5.018 ± 1.370 ng / mL) higher than male (4,477 ± 1.290 ng / mL), while adult bali cattle (4,869 ± 1.417 ng / mL) was higher than young bali cattle (4,707 ± 1.305 ng / mL), but statistically comparable from all categories showed no significantly (P> 0.05). The average rate of IgM of bali cattle maintained in Nusa Penida can be used as a data base of IgM profile of bali cattle that is maintained in Nusa Penida.


Abstract Chemistry of flowback and produced waters from unconventional gas wells is controlled by reactions between fluids injected for well stimulation and the target geologic formation. Release of salts and metals from the formations are well documented, however, the fate of organic additives under down-hole conditions is not. One outcrop and six core samples of Marcellus Shale were obtained from locations throughout Pennsylvania and sequentially extracted to determine metal associations within various mineral matrices. Metal concentrations in different matrices varied significantly across the shale samples analyzed. In comparison to core samples, lower metal and salt concentrations were detected in the shale outcrop likely due to carbonate and salt dissolution during oxidative weathering processes. The shale outcrop was reacted with synthetic hydraulic fracturing fluids (SFFs) of high or low organic content to study the fate of organic additives and their influence on metal mobilization. The organic co...


India is witnerssing a encouraging surge in electronic commerce and its citizens are becoming more asffluent enough to indulge in online shopping. Virtual communities and Social Networking Sites have a considerable influence on information-seekers and online shoppers. This study ascertained online shoppers' percptions about e-tailer customer engagement and the consequent outcomes. A survey of 544 e-tail customers was instrumental in analysing facets of customer engagement in an online servicescape.


The defects found in electrically degraded GaN-based lasers have been characterised by transmission electron microscopy. In a laser that had been operated until failure, defects containing contact metals were observed. Combined with data from the laser's current-voltage characteristics, this suggests that the catastrophic failure may have been caused by local heating. In partially degraded lasers, four different types of defects were observed: cracks, stacking faults, inversion domains and dislocations. Cracks, stacking faults and inversion domains were present before and after the laser failure. The dislocation network, however, was only observed in the active region of a failed laser and may have resulted from recombination enhanced defect migration. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


There are three means to achieve fuel economy performance and emission reduction of automobiles such as improving engine design,enhancing fuel quality and using energy-saving technology of lubricants.Fuel economy performance and some the latest specifications of inter-combustion engine oil at home and abroad are recounted. Test method of fuel economy performance is introduced.


Help non-native English speakers improve their knowledge of colloquial English via idiom comprehension. Our system will help users learn idioms by 1) browsing definitions and examples to introduce them to new idioms and 2) returning idioms that match a given set of keywords the user searches for.


Group-14 metalloles possess interesting optical properties and are promising molecules for light-emitting materials.We present a theoretical study of the electronic structures and the optical spectra from silole to stannole to gain insight into their optical properties.The optimized equilibrium geometries and the electronic and vibrational structures for the ground state (S0) and the first singlet excited state (S1) were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT),respectively.The optical absorption and emission spectra were calculated using the thermal vibration correlation function formalism.The lineshapes of the calculated optical absorption and emission spectra,especially the full width at half maximum for all the compounds at room temperature,were found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.Low-frequency modes that are assigned to the rotation motion of free aromatic rings and the high-frequency modes related to the stretching vibration of carboncarbon bonds contribute greatly to the optical features such as the bandwidth of the optical line-shapes.


The structure and interrelations of subsystems of expert system for of a combine's harvester technological adjustment is considered. expert system's operating modes and various aspects of representation of knowledge are described.


INTRODUCTION In the nature, the ciliate, Paramecium bursaria, exists as a green Paramecium because each protist cell carries in its cytoplasm several hundreds of unicellular green algae. These symbiotic algae synchronously proliferate with the host (P. bursaria), an indispensable condition for preserving stability of the host-symbiont relationship. Propagation of symbiotic algae in P. bursaria appears to be host's cell-cycle dependent. They have been found to much more actively propagate in dividing host cells (when cytoplasmic streaming in host cells is arrested) than in resting ones (1). Before this finding published in 2007, we, by means of flow cytometry, have observed that the chlorophyll content distribution of asynchronously growing exsymbiotic algae (i.e., algae that cultured separately from the host) was unimodal, whereas the chlorophyll content distribution of algae that are contained by asynchronously growing protist cells was bimodal (Fig. 1). Although this observation has been described in 2000 (3), we, however, were unable to fully interpret the bimodality in the chlorophyll content distribution of algae in proliferating host cells. Based on the aforementioned finding, [the algae propagate much more actively in dividing host cells than in resting ones (1)], we propose that the first peak of the chlorophyll content distribution mainly corresponds to the algae in resting host cells (Peak no. 1; Fig. 1), whereas the second peak mainly corresponds to the algae in dividing ones (Peak no. 2; Fig. 1). In resting P. bursaria, algae may have retarded proliferation due to space restriction. There is the well-known fact that at the high culture density condition (when there are lack of space, lack of light, and accumulation of inhibitory waste products) chlorophyll synthesis in algae may be suppressed. Therefore, it does not seem surprising that the majority of algae in resting host cells contain less chlorophyll compared with the majority of algae in dividing ones (Peak no. 1 vs. Peak no. 2; Fig. 1). Note that the value of the mode of chlorophyll content distribution of algae in dividing host cells (Peak no. 2; Fig. 1) is almost the same as the value of the mode of chlorophyll content distribution of asynchronously growing algae (dashed line; Fig. 1), when their growth was not or less inhibited by cell density. Thus, the idea that the chlorophyll content distribution of symbiotic algae may vary depending upon cell cycle of P. bursaria could be used for the assessment of host's proliferation.


Objective:While the majority of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, are not life-threatening, they do affect the patient's quality of life and often weigh heavily on the economic stability of the family. For these reasons, it is an absolute necessity to correctly diagnose allergy. To do so, it is essential to compile a detailed patient history, after which a progressive management program can be developed. The effectiveness of this program mainly depends on how accurately the causes of allergy are identified, although environmental controls, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy also play an important role.


Frank Schorfheide is Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania. He is interested in the estimation of DSGE models, Bayesian methods, vector autoregressions.


: Hospitality scholars and practitioners have varied interests and viewpoints that influence their respective priorities. These priorities include continuing education, professional recognition, and networking opportunities. The study objective was to identify the determinants of scholars-practitioners gap in the Kenyan hospitality industry. The study employed mixed method approach. Convergent research design was used. Population of the study included hospitality scholars in Kenyan universities and head of departments in 4- and 5-star hotels. The sample comprised of 224 practitioners, 162 scholars and 8 Key Industry Informants. Questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect data. Qualitative data was summarized in categories and themes using thematic analysis. Factor analysis method was used to determine determinants of scholar-practitioners gap. Further analysis will included multiple regression and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that there existed a scholar-practitioner gap in Kenyan hospitality industry caused by lack of scholar-practitioner platform to interact, lack of organizational support, career differences and lack of time to interact. The study revealed that hospitality scholar-practitioner gap in Kenya has denied the parties an opportunity to interact and enhance their competencies.  scholars  Sig  it all‖ scholars th (last) and th mean of scholars mean


Pinus quadrifolia and Pinus sabiniana are originally distributed respectively in California and north of Baja California as well as semi-arid area of Nevada,and normally mixed with pines and oaks with a clear vertical distribution structure.They perform well in soil and water conservation,water preservation,and environment promotion,and have good quality of wood.The paper presents serial techniques concerning site selection,site preparation,afforestation density,planting,pattern of mixture,tending as well as pest and disease prevention since introduction of the two species from U.S.


This study was undertaken for the Federal Railroad Administration in partial compliance of Section 901 of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976. Section 901 directs the Secretary of Transportation to "conduct a comprehensive study of the U.S. railroad industry". This study provides an overview of the U.S. railroad industry. It describes the present situation and explains how the present situation evolved, concentrating primarily on the period 1929-1976. The likely future of the railroad industry over the next ten years is evaluated. The study concludes with a summary of how "The Railroad Situation" is currently viewed by railroad management, railroad labor, shippers and other concerned parties.


The present study reports the results of an interlaboratory analysis of selected labile pesticides: trichlorfon, fenamiphos, ethofumesate, phenmedipham, bromofenoxim, chosen among priority compounds, indicated by a European Commission Report as lacking valid analytical procedures. Most of these compounds show stability problems both in solution and during analysis. Each participating laboratory developed methods for the analysis of these compounds and then used the obtained procedure to analyze samples spiked solutions of the five above mentioned pesticides, each in an unknown concentration. Using a different approach, cartridges loaded with samples spiked with the same pesticides were prepared and analyzed for the interlaboratory exercise.


This article proposes that merely considering outcomes associated with a positive approach emotion (e.g., happiness) can regulate negative emotions that evoke an approach orientation (e.g., sadness, anger). In contrast, outcomes associated with a positive avoidance emotion (e.g., calmness) best regulate negative emotions that evoke an avoidance orientation (e.g., anxiety, embarrassment). Although such orientation-matched (versus mismatched) positive outcomes might not address the problem that caused the negative emotion, they automatically signal a reduced need for affect regulation specific to the evoked orientation. Thus, orientation matching results in emotional benefit, increases preferences toward matched outcomes, and frees resources for subsequent tasks.


Reinforced concrete structures located in marine environment are suscepitble to chloride induced steel corrosion in concrete, which causes severe structural deterioration and ultimately structural collapse. Corrosion-induced structural deterioration is a gradual process, consisting of a number of phases during the service life of reinforced concrete structures. These include corrosion initiation, concrete cracking, delamination and the ultimate collapse due to loss of strength of the structure. This paper presents a numerical method for developing a maintenance strategy based on risk-cost optimization of corrosion effected concrete structures during the whole life of service. The associated risks for concrete cracking, delamination and rupture are quantified based on Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed methodology can help the management in making optimal decisions concerning the intervention to ensure the safe and servicable operation of the structures. This will, in turn, result in better asset and capital utilization.


The credit rating agencies (CRAs) have received a great deal of media, political, and regulatory attention since the early summer of 2007. With 2008 financial crisis, there was a common argument that CRAs had not been held accountable for the poor performance that resulted in flawed outcomes. Literature review on CRAs' role in the Europe sovereign debt further strengthened this argument. Through an in-depth study of extensive literature available, we focus on how the rating announcements affected the markets. We also highlight the EU regulations that came into force after a series of downgrades in the Eurozone.


Recently, multiple synthetic and real-world datasets have been built to facilitate the training of deep single image reflection removal (SIRR) models. Meanwhile, diverse testing sets are also provided with different types of reflection and scenes. However, the non-negligible domain gaps between training and testing sets make it difficult to learn deep models generalizing well to testing images. The diversity of reflections and scenes further makes it a mission impossible to learn a single model being effective to all testing sets and real-world reflections. In this paper, we tackle these issues by learning SIRR models from a domain generalization perspective. Particularly, for each source set, a specific SIRR model is trained to serve as a domain expert of relevant reflection types. For a given reflection-contaminated image, we present a reflection type-aware weighting (RTAW) module to predict expert-wise weights. RTAW can then be incorporated with adaptive network combination (AdaNEC) for handling different reflection types and scenes, i.e., generalizing to unknown domains. Two representative AdaNEC methods, i.e., output fusion (OF) and network interpolation (NI), are provided by considering both adaptation levels and efficiency. For images from one source set, we train RTAW to only predict expert-wise weights of other domain experts for improving generalization ability, while the weights of all experts are predicted and employed during testing. An in-domain expert (IDE) loss is presented for training RTAW. Extensive experiments show the appealing performance gain of our AdaNEC on different state-of-the-art SIRR networks. Source code and pre-trained models will available at https://github.


Many soil-retaining wall structures are restrained from outward sliding movements and because of this it may not be appropriate to use the commonly applied Mononobe–Okabe (MO) method to estimate th...


With birth circulatory and respiratory changes ensue leading to fetal oxidative stress evidenced by changes in the glutathione status. Pregnant rats receiving NAC during gestation were sacrificed at 21±1d. Fetuses delivered by c-section and immediately sacrificed anc newborns at 24h age. Livers were processed(l) and GSH and GSSG determined.We conclude that oxidative stress associated with birth in rat fetuses might be partially prevented by NAC given to the mother during gestation.(1) Viña J et al; Biochem J 170; 627-630 (1978)


Abstract : The validity of the Loop Current Step Response method was established for type J,K,E, and T thermocouples. Prototype equipment configurations and signal processing methods were tested to determine the features needed in a commercial test instrument. This work completes the proof testing of the in-situ method for response time testing of thermocouples as installed in operating processes or test facilities.


Based on the practice of years of power plant operation,according to the problems existing in the primary mode of power generation and supply,this article explored an effective power running mode,and introduced how to use the existing power supply mode to improve utilization and yield of water energy,so as to improve the overall economic benefit of enterprises.


Introduction Supply Chain Management (SCM) issues have long attracted interest from both practitioners and academics because of its ability to reap more benefits by efficiently managing it. (Anamaria & Rakesh, 1999 , Beamon, 1998 , Bilgen & Ozkarahan, 2004, Chen, Lin & Huang, 2006, Erengüc, Simpson & Vakharia, 1999 , Gen & Syanf, 2005, Petrovic, 2001, Petrovic, Roy & Petrovic, 1998). Supply Chain Management is a set of synchronized decisions and activities utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, transporters, retailers and customers so that the right product or service is distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time, in order to minimize system-wide costs while satisfying customer service level requirements. The objective of SCM is to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. To stay competitive, organizations should improve customer service, reduction of costs across the supply chain and efficient use of resources available in the supply chain. In this field, numerous researches are conducted. Williams, 1981, developed seven heuristic algorithms to minimize distribution and production costs in supply chain. Cohen and Lee, 1989, presented a deterministic, mixed integer, non-linear programming with economic order quantity technique to develop global supply chain plan. Özdamar and Yazgaç, 1997, developed a distribution/production system involving a manufacturer center and its warehouses. They try to minimize total costs such as inventory, transportation costs etc under production capacity and inventory equilibrium constraints. Yan et al., 2003, tried to contrive a network which involves suppliers, manufacturers, distribution centers and customers via a mixed integer programming under logic and material requirements constraints. Yilmaz, 2004, handled a strategic planning problem for three echelon supply chain involving suppliers, manufacturers and distribution centers to minimize transportation, distribution, production costs. Nagurney and Toyasaki, 2005, try to balance e-cycling in multi tiered supply chain process. Gen and Syarif, 2005, developed a hybrid genetic algorithm for a multi period multi product supply chain network design. Paksoy, 2005, developed a mixed integer linear programming to design a multi echelon supply chain network under material requirement constraints. Byrne and Hossain ,2005, presented an extended linear programming (LP) model to improve the hybrid approach proposed by Byrne and Bakir ,1999, and Lee and Kim,2002 based on the unit load concept of just in time. Park ,2005 acquired solutions for integrated production and distribution problems in a multi-plant, multiretailer, multi-item, and multi-period logistic environment, and investigated the effectiveness of these solutions using a computational study for maximizing total profit. Lin et al., 2007, compared flexible supply chains and traditional supply chains with a hybrid genetic algorithm and mentioned advantages of flexible ones. Tuzkaya and Önüt, 2009, developed a model to minimize holding inventory and penalty cost for suppliers, warehouse and manufacturers based a holononic approach. Sourirajan et al., 2009, considered a two-stage supply chain with a production facility that replenishes a single product at retailers. The objective is to locate distribution centers in the network such that the sum of facility location, pipeline inventory, and safety stock costs is minimized. They used genetic algorithms to solve the model and compare their performance to that of a Lagrangian heuristic developed in earlier work. Ahumada and Villalobos, 2009, reviewed the main contributions in the field of production and distribution planning for agri-foods based on agricultural crops. Through their analysis of the current state of


"Strigolactones stimulate internode elongation by regulating cell division using a gibberellin-independent pathway." Abstract Strigolactone mutants in diverse species show reduced stature in addition to their extensive branching. Here we show that this dwarfism in pea ( Pisum sativum ) is not attributable to the strong branching of the mutants. The continuous supply of the synthetic SL GR24 via the root system using hydroponics can restore internode length of the SL-deficient rms1 mutant but not of the SL-response rms4 mutant indicating that SLs stimulate internode elongation via RMS4 . Cytological analysis of internode epidermal cells indicates that SLs control cell number but not cell length, suggesting SL may affect stem elongation by stimulating cell division. Consequently, SLs can repress (in axillary buds) or promote (in the stem) cell division in a tissue-dependent manner. Because gibberellins (GAs) increase internode length by affecting both cell division and cell length, we tested if SLs stimulate internode elongation by affecting GA metabolism or signalling. Genetic analyses using SL-deficient and GA-deficient or della -deficient double mutants, together with molecular and physiological approaches suggest that SLs act independently from GAs to stimulate internode elongation. the height of SL deficient rice mutants. Here we used the pea model to investigate the role of SL in the regulation of internode elongation. We set out to investigate the origin of the dwarfism of SL-deficient and response mutants in pea, to confirm the role of SL on internode elongation and to analyze whether SL controls cell elongation and/or cell division. A possible interaction with GA was tested by evaluating two types of putative SL action: the effect of SLs on levels of the main bioactive GA in pea, GA 1 , and their possible influence on GA signalling in particular on DELLA proteins. Overall, our results indicate that SL and GA act independently to stimulate internode elongation in pea.


The utility model relates to a thermomagnetic machine, which is provided with a stator seat and a rotor, wherein a bearing is installed on the center of the stator seat, a mandrel of the rotor is installed on the bearing, the rotor is made of magnetic materials, at least one magnet is arranged on the periphery of the rotor, and an external heat source is arranged outside the rotor. The thermomagnetic machine converts heat energy into kinetic energy or electric energy and is characterized in that the structure is simple, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the adaptability is wide, and the like, and the thermomagnetic machine does not have noise and pollution.


The Royal College of Midwives has welcomed a drive to halve the number of stillbirths and brain injuries in newborns over the next five years.


Investigations of emission and absorption of radiation by hydroxyl (OH) radicals in interstellar space have turned up many puzzles and anomalies. The newly developed longbaseline interferometers may provide a solution. They may in fact reveal a galactic maser, and further observations may tell us more about the structure of our own planet.


Feminist writers articulate their problems, experiences, feelings, desires, aspirations, and failures, in their writings through different narrative patterns. Some of them write about their personal lives, using their own experiences while fighting against the poor social status of and disparity against women. To avoid the possible embarrassment in their conventional surroundings, they disguise themselves in a way, as fictional heroines of their writings and exhibit their own experiences The term 'narrative' encompasses most of the activities of human beings and its simple meaning is anything that tells a story. This 'anything' includes novel, short story, fable, drama, film, painting, history book, comic strip, gossip, newspaper etc. The article examines two Indian feminist writers Indira Goswami and Suniti Namjoshi with distinctly different narrative styles. The study also undertakes to explore the differences Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Volume XII, Issue IV, 2020 ISSN No : 1006-7930


Understanding why older adults are willing to consider using technology is critical for ensuring that that the advantages of technology for improving the quality of their lives can be realized. Prior emphasis in this area has primarily been on questionnaire studies directed at capturing relatively general attitudes older adults have toward technology. We report on an empirical study that included 187 male and female adults 65-92 years of age who were given presentations on each of five technologies spanning domains that included transportation, leisure, health, and new learning. Each presentation was followed by a series of ratings on measures hypothesized to influence participants' willingness to adopt the technology. We will overview the Technology Assessment Procedure, the methodology developed to evaluate willingness to adopt a technology, and measures that were collected. We will also present a model used to predict willingness to adopt the technology and provide some initial findings.


INTRODUCTION Like many other developing countries of the world, Bangladesh has been striving to alleviate poverty since its independence in 1971. Poverty is one of the major economic problems of this country. Recently the government of Bangladesh, World Bank, IMF and other international development agencies jointly formulated a national strategy for poverty reduction and prepared Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) in March 2003 with a view to achieving the goal of poverty alleviation drastically. (1) Reduction of poverty is a high priority agenda of the economy and is considered as an important goal of the government's development programs. Therefore, the government allocates a significant amount of national resources from its annual budget for achieving this goal. Similarly, all the five years plans have stated the commitment of the government to alleviate poverty through accelerated economic growth. In addition to the government efforts, a substantial number of local and foreign NGOs and international development agencies spend millions of dollars every year for this purpose. However, the achievement in reduction of poverty is very insignificant. Poverty rate at the national level of the economy still remains very high. Nearly 40 percent population of the country still lives in poverty. More than 60 million people still live in deprivation and two-thirds of them are in extreme poverty. Bhattacharya and Titumir argue that poverty reduction programs in Bangladesh may be characterised as an initiative with an absence of national framework and an abundance of donor's strategies. (2) Therefore, exploring the dynamics and multi-dimensional characteristics of poverty in Bangladesh is an important issue of policy analysis. The dynamics of poverty is referred to the assessment of the transitions or changes in the level of poverty over time. It involves with the assessment of the patterns and determinants of transitions in and out of poverty. It is argued that analysis of the dynamics of poverty is significant for policy formulation and designing programs for poverty reduction. It facilitates the better understanding the multi-dimensional aspects of poverty and its causes. The multi-dimensional characteristics of poverty explore not only its magnitudes such as extreme poverty, upper and lower poverty lines etc. but also view poverty as a result of a lack or lowness of multiple resource variables. The main objective of this study is to investigate and analyse the dynamics of poverty of Bangladesh. It is an essential aspect for understanding the analytical concept of poverty not only because it helps map out the causes and multidimensional characteristics of poverty but also facilitates resource allocation and policy formulation. Multidimensional characteristics and causes of poverty are significantly linked with various factors such as income, employment, geography, education, health conditions, access to resources and natural calamities such as flood and cyclone. Ahmed argued that geographical location was an important factor to analyse poverty. (3) Kam and Bose et al. found considerable variation in the incidence of poverty across the regions of the country. They argued that the geographical regions with the highest incidence of poverty were coastal areas, depressed regions of Sylhet division and the northwest districts of Rajshahi division. There are considerable variations and mobility among the poor. (4) Ali and Begum et al found similar results. They argued that there were some degree of mobility between poor and non-poor. This mobility worked in both directions- from poor to non-poor as well as non-poor to poor. From the evidence of 64 villages, they have revealed a significant fact that a large number of extreme poor households are trapped in poverty for over generations. (5) Although, some economists, such as Binayak Sen, argued that less opportunity for access to assets made the poor stay in chronic poverty. …


Objective To investigate and analyze the preventive effect of boron on the cartilage damage in rats with intake excessive fluoride. Methods Fifty-ix Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (C, intake distilled water), the excessive fluoride dose group (EF, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F-) and the boron prevention group (P, intake distilled water with 100 ppm F- as well as the supplemental boron dietary). 3 to 5 months later, fluorine contents in serum, RNA contents in costal cartilage were assayed. The morphological changes in tibia growth plate cartilage (GPC) in rats were observed. Results Although exposed to the same dose of fluoride, the fluorine contents in serum in rats of P group decreased notably compared with those of EF group, the damage of tibia GPC under optical and electron microscope lessened significantly, and RNA contents in costal cartilage increased obviously in the 3rd month. Conclusion Boron added could decrease the fluorine level in the body and relieve the toxic symptom of excess fluoride, and thus boron has a preventive effect on skeletal fluorosis.


The present invention provides a detecting device of the rectifying bridge, at least two rectifier branches of the rectifier bridge comprises, in parallel, two diodes connected in series in each branch comprises a rectifier, further comprising: detecting means for detecting flowing through each rectifier the size of each diode current and detecting the voltage across each of the diodes of each rectifier branch leg size; and a control unit for controlling the detecting unit and the detection timing of the detection. Rectifier bridge detection apparatus of the present invention, can detect the quality state of the rectifier bridge for rectifying a plurality of performance evaluation bridge rectifier bridge supplied by the manufacturer.


Mean-field analysis is an analytical method for understanding large-scale stochastic systems such as large-scale data centers and communication networks. The idea is to approximate the stationary distribution of a large-scale stochastic system using the equilibrium point (called the mean-field limit) of a dynamical system (called the mean-field model). This approximation is often justified by proving the weak convergence of stationary distributions to its mean-field limit. Most existing mean-field models concerned the light-traffic regime where the load of the system, denote by ρ, is strictly less than one and is independent of the size of the system. This is because a traditional mean-field model represents the limit of the corresponding stochastic system. Therefore, the load of the mean-field model is ρ= limN→ ∞ ρ(N), where ρ(N) is the load of the stochastic system of size N. Now if ρ(N)→ 1 as N→ ∞ (i.e., in the heavy-traffic regime), then ρ=1. For most systems, the mean-field limits when ρ=1 are trivial and meaningless. To overcome this difficulty of traditional mean-field models, this paper takes a different point of view on mean-field models. Instead of regarding a mean-field model as the limiting system of large-scale stochastic system, it views the equilibrium point of the mean-field model, called a mean-field solution, simply as an approximation of the stationary distribution of the finite-size system. Therefore both mean-field models and solutions can be functions of N. This paper first outlines an analytical method to bound the approximation error based on Stein's method and the perturbation theory. We further present two examples: the M/M/N queueing system and the supermarket model under the power-of-two-choices algorithm. For both applications, the method enables us to characterize the system performance under a broad range of traffic loads. For the supermarket model, this is the first paper that rigorously quantifies the steady-state performance of the-power-of-two-choices in the heavy-traffic regime. These results in the heavy-traffic regime cannot be obtained using the traditional mean-field analysis and the interchange of the limits.


summary

Needles from young and mature Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestirs) were collected at three field sites in eastern Germany, i.e. Menz, Taura, and Gossa, which differed in SO2 pollution. Current and previous year's needles from the polluted sites Taura and Gossa (yearly mean af SO2: 26 ppb) contained approximately 100-120 μmol sulphate g −1 d. wt, whereas needles tram the unpolluted site, Menz (yearly mean of SO2: 3 ppb) contained 30-65 μmol sulphate g−1 d. wt. The apoplastic sulphate content was in the order of o.3-1% of total sulphate and corresponded to concentrations of 0.6-1.2 mM in needles from Mtnz and to 1.5–2 mn in needles from Gossa. In needles from the polluted sites the contents of glutathione, cysteine, γ glutamyleysteine, and soluble protein were higher than in needles from Menz. Despite the clear increases in sulphur-containing compounds, pigment content and activities of superoxide dismutase, total peroxidase and apoplastic peroxidase (on the basis of d. wt) were not significantly different. When enzymatic activities were related to protein, lowest activities were found in needles from the site with the highest SO2-pollution. The results show that it is not possible to use the activities of peroxidases or superoxide dismutases as biomarkers for SO2-mediated stress in pine needles. It remains open whether the needles from the polluted sites suffered from greater oxidative stress than the needles from the less polluted site.


Based on the gradient sub-grid scale model and the particle kinetic theory,considering the effect of filtering scale during large eddy simulation,the gas-solid drag coefficient was corrected and the gas-solid two phase flow large eddy simulation model was established.Moreover,the behavior of gas-solid two phase flow was simulated,and the core-annular structure in the riser tube was reasonably predicted.The simulation results were consistent with the experimental results.Furthermore,simulation of the CO2 capture process in the riser tube was conducted,and the gas composition and temperature field were obtained,which can provide references for optimization design of the fluidized bed reactor.


This article advances our understanding of the motivational sources for consumer involvement in online joint innovation. The 'free' or 'open-source' software movement is the largest socio-technical network and most visible empirical evidence of this new phenomenon. The paper promotes a behavioral view of involvement and offers a conceptualization and empirical evidence of the relationship between cognitive-affective, socially-based and behavioral involvement in online joint production. An Internet survey with 1486 contributors to open-source software revealed that the extent of behavioral involvement is strongly related to the structure and strength of relationships between different motivations. The relationship between concern for self and concern for others especially distinguishes the level of contribution to online projects.


During the last few years, magnetic continuum robots have been employed in a variety of medical applications. The necessity to precisely control and actuate the tip of such robots requires the appropriate kinematic modeling. Pseudo rigid body (PRB) model is a type of kinematic modeling in which the continuum robot is replaced with rigid links connected by revolute joints having torsional springs; the benefit of utilizing PRB modeling is the reduced computation time in comparison with other existing models like Cosserat rod theory. In the present work, a 3D PRB model founded on Kirchhoff rod theory and with the aid of minimization of the potential energy is developed, and the corresponding parameters were optimized for a three-joint PRB model. The proposed model's error is less than 0.6% in evaluating the location and direction of the robot's end-effector, and the computation time is two orders of magnitude faster with respect to Kirchhoff rod theory for each set of applied external loading.


Hotel service innovation is different from product innovation and the source of service innovation is vaguer. The dimensions of organization culture such as collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoid can all affect the interaction within the organization, and they have an impact on service innovation. Therefore, managers in the organization must create ldquoinnovation-friendlyrdquo atmosphere to benefit service innovation.


Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) developed some important results in the journey toward the discovery of the calculus. The method is essentially an exercise in geometric series, and it is instructive and perhaps refreshing to introduce a little bit of variation from the standard introductions. The author gives a demonstration of this technique.


The Implementation of PermenLHK No 21/2015 deal with the administration of forest product in government forest area as legal procedure in forest product administration caused by the administration procedure. The study was conducted by the evaluation of existing regulation, especially related to administration procedure in wood product from people forest. The result of the research showed that the implementation of Permen LHK No 21/2015 generallay, the implementation has not optimum and in some cases has to be revised such as the quality of the main resources, transportation letten/document "SKAU", the condition for wood species, especially if the species unlisted in Permen LHK No 55/2006 , monitoring for the staff which are responsible for the administration process. In order to solve those problems, the local forestry service has been given the authority to set the special regulation of forest product from people forest. The economic approach on sustainability approach was one of the choice in the administration of forest product from people forest. Therefore the administration for wood product from people forest become affective and efficient.


A number of the Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies readers have communicated their confusion over the apparent contradictions in the way di€erent researchers and clinicians refer to muscle characterizations. When words such as `postural/phasic' or `stabilizer/mobilizer' are applied to particular muscles, practical as well as linguistic diculties become apparent. It was decided that an exercise in clari®cation should be initiated, and in order to achieve this leading physiotherapists, manual medicine and chiropractic researchers and clinicians, were invited to express their understanding of the issues. The objective is quite simply an attempt to remove confusion. Questions were posed by the editor, in consultation with associate editor Craig Liebenson, to which brief, succinct, responses were requested. It was stressed that, wherever possible, research validation should be quoted with the answers, however personal opinions based on clinical experience would also be welcome. As well as answering the questions,


D. Bruce Bell, Ph.D., is a research analyst for the Social Security Administration, Washington, D.C. Franklin D. Lewis, Ph.D., is senior psychologist at the Ouachita Regional Counseling and Mental Health Center, Hot Springs, Arkansas. Beverly W. Bell is a social science analyst for the Social and Rehabilitation Service, Washington, D.C. HY DO apparently normal children fail to learn to read? In 1937, S. T. Orton proposed one of the first hypotheses to explain this phenomenon: when a child shows no consistent preference for one side of his body in tasks which require only


The paper presents a new method for the optimal rating of the components of an autark hybrid driveline. The method uses dynamic optimisation to calculate the optimal torques for both motors and the optimal CVT gear ratios for a given driving cycle of the vehicle. The cost function for the optimisation uses among other things the fuel consumption, which has to be minimised. From the optimal torques and gear ratios, conclusions concerning the rating of the motors can easily be made. The methods derived are used for the TU Munich Hybrid Vehicle project. In this project, a parallel hybrid with an i²–CVT is under development.


Recently, a book written by former President Clinton has gone on sale in the United States and Europe. Experts say it had record sales for a nonfiction book. 1 , the book My Life has sold about one million


This paper explores some of the ways in which schools can help to maximise the positive engagement of students with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD). The discussion begins with a brief consideration of the nature of SEBD and goes on to examine some of the ways in which schools can, on the one hand, create and exacerbate the problem, and, on the other, help alleviate it. Care is taken to offer a realistic appraisal of what schools can achieve within current policy constraints. It is suggested that Smith's (2006) concept of 'attachment to school' is helpful in enabling us to define the kind of educational engagement that a genuinely inclusive educational experience reflects. Some suggestions are made regarding empirically tested approaches associated with effective inclusion.


Nitrogen solubility in liquid Fe and Fe-C alloys has been measured by the levitation melting method under 1 atm pressure. Experiments were carried out at the temperature range of and carbon content of 0-5.06wt%. The nitrogen solubilities measured in pure Fe and Fe-C alloys were and 2478/T-1.265]


Eros -or alias Cupid or Amor- which is very popular in Roman art, portrayed usually as little chubby boys who's playing adult roles in the form of putti images with wings or without wings, seen especially in circus-themed scenes and fighting or chase scenes, also while busy with all kinds of hunting varieties; in funerary art in the context of sarcopha-ge; they are depicted as mischievous children who turn dull ordinary and seasonal agri-cultural activities into joyful and exciting activities. It is seen that these aforementioned depiction practices continue in Byzantine art as well. In Byzantine artistic field, they were used sometimes in the context of euchariste in grape-harvesting season scenes; or taking part in the virtuous path to heaven within the scope of christological symbolism by being associated with the afterworld. The iconography of the Cupid figure in various Byzantine works from the Early Christian period catacombs to the end of the Middle Byzantine era, contains two concepts: The love of God and the earthly (or carnal) love. In accordance with its etymology in Byzantine Greek language, this word appears as a Christian adaptation; the word eros, which means love, did not divide this little Cupid figure into two, while trying to gain a religious or profane conceptual place in art; becau-se it is a quite familiar figure to people already as it was before Byzantium, even today, it represents all kinds of facets of love. However, in the Byzantine cultural environment shaped by the new religion Christianity, the concept of Eros penetrated the Christian texts and the concept of Θείος Έρως (Divine Eros) was used as a way of expressing the love between God and humankind. While this concept draws attention primarily in the philosophy of Pseudo-Dionysios Areapagite, and the hymnos of New Theologian Si-meon, also in addition the writings on morality by St. Gregory of Nazianzus, with the homilie of one of the Early Church Father Gregory of Nyssa and work of the scholar Origen of Alexandria were examined. The monastic practices have showed a symbolic approach to the cupid figure, revealing a rich religious text and extraordinary applicati-ons in religious art with its figurative content: the text of the work of Ioannes Clima-kos's Divine Ladder and among the many manuscript copies provide valuable content. In secular literature, four Byzantine romances, whose main subject is love and the only Byzantine epic Digenes Akrites also a Byzantine Euripides Tragedy with Idyllles of Theocritus are showed a definition of eros with distinctive features and it is seen that this definition is in harmony with artistic productions in their periods. The depictions reflected on the examples of different product groups, such as metal, ivory, mosaic, ma-nuscript painting or fresco, dated to different periods of Byzantine art, reflect the con-ceptual dimensions of the figure. Although the blind Eros was never represented in Hel-lenistic and Roman art, the figure cupid shows an extraordinary example of blindness in Byzantine Art. This research paper is a study on the iconography of the artistic represen-tations of a figure bearing the memory of the polytheistic past, in accordance with the concepts undertaken in the process of maintaining the meaning of religion despite all its weight in the conservative Byzantine cultural environment.


This paper describes how the city of Catania has been recognized as a typical Mediterranean city with high seismic risk. One of the peculiarities of this Mediterranean city is that there are many historical buildings and monuments. Recently some Churches were damaged by the moderate earthquake of December 13, 1990 that had a magnitude of M = 5.8. Because of that, in order to preserve Churches from damage that could be caused by a much stronger earthquake scenario (M = 7.0), an analysis of local site effects in the area where the Churches are located was performed. The analysis was made on the basis of geotechnical site characterization by specific investigations or by the available data from the database implemented in the Land Information System (LIS) of the city of Catania. The location of the 108 Churches was also implemented in the LIS, as well as the location of the 910 existing boreholes. So, by a simple query, the Geographical Information System (GIS) gives the nearest borehole to the Church area considered. On the basis of the given geotechnical properties of the foundation soil up to a depth of 30 m, the soil response analysis was performed by a non-linear 1-D model. The results show a great variability of response from site to site where the Churches are located. For each Church the time history of displacement, velocity and acceleration were evaluated as well as response spectra.


Inter-database linkage via annotations is one approach to the integration of knowledge in the biomedical domain, which is often fragmented by specialization. This pilot study examined annotations in ten model organism databases and the Gene Ontology (GO) to assess explicit and implicit linkages between organisms. The databases had similar annotation processes, content, and knowledge, with some variation due to organizational objectives and technology infrastructure. Types and quantities of inter-database links varied considerably, as did the target resources to which each MOD linked. While all databases had the potential to be linked to all others via GO, only some databases had explicit direct links to others, or via GO. This may be due in part to a lack of biologically significant relationships among some of the organisms, or that putative relationships between them that exist in GO have not yet been explored.


the writing up of statistical information and the stating of platitudes. Rather do I hope to illustrate why, in my opinion, existing measures for the control of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle and in man, are hopelessly inadequate, mere tinkering with the problem, devoid of any real guiding principle. That must, of course, lead me into constructive suggestion and, I hope, to the stimulation of a discussion worthy of the subject. The immensity of the problem is illustrated by the acceptance of 4o per cent. as the level of infection among the cow population. Do we grasp what that means ? Two cows in every five are tuberculous ; in Great Britain there are something like 1,105,000 affected cows. I have heard these figures spoken of as illustrating the extent of &dquo; rottenness &dquo;


To identify the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis in patients with acute febrile encephalopathy a tertiary government general hospital in southern east India.
Viral aetiology was more common cause of acute febrile encephalopathy and other aetiology like protozoal, fungal were rarely identified causes. Males were more commonly affected. Headache and fever were the most common clinical manifestations, neck rigidity, altered sensorium, seizures, focal neurologicial deficit was least common Viral encephalopathy was most common in our case study Septic encephalopathy was second most common Most of the patients recovered with good prognosis and few complication. Most common cause was viral meningitis- Herpes encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, cerebal malaria, tubercular meningitis, sepsis associated encephalopathy, typhoid encephalopathy, protozoal meninigitis were also seen.


With the successful application of convolution neural network (CNN) in image recognition field, this paper presents the complex-valued convolutional network (CV-CNN) using different activation functions. Then, four different activation functions of sigmoid, tanh, Leaky-ReLU and ELU were tested in typical polarimetric SAR image classification tasks. Experiments on benchmark datasets of Flevoland shows that CV-CNN using ELU activation function performs the best, with faster convergence speed and much higher recognition rate.


Objective: The frequency and types of medical errors are well documented, but less is known about potential errors that were intercepted by nurses. We studied the type, frequency, and potential harm of recovered medical errors reported by critical care registered nurses (CCRNs) during the previous year. Background: Nurses are known to protect patients from harm. Several studies on medical errors found that there would have been more medical errors reaching the patient had not potential errors been caught earlier by nurses. Methods: The Recovered Medical Error Inventory, a 25-item empirically derived and internally consistent (&agr; =.90) list of medical errors, was posted on the Internet. Participants were recruited via e-mail and healthcare-related listservs using a nonprobability snowball sampling technique. Investigators e-mailed contacts working in hospitals or who managed healthcare-related listservs and asked the contacts to pass the link on to others with contacts in acute care settings. Results: During 1 year, 345 CCRNs reported that they recovered 18,578 medical errors, of which they rated 4,183 as potentially lethal. Conclusion: Surveillance, clinical judgment, and interventions by CCRNs to identify, interrupt, and correct medical errors protected seriously ill patients from harm.


The utility model discloses a tool for taking away chips from wafers. The tool comprises a circular supporting plate (2), a support pillar (6) and a circular supporting ring (4) fixedly connected to the circular supporting plate (2), wherein a cover plate (5) is sleeved on the circular supporting ring (4), and the circular supporting plate (2) and the cover plate (5) are clamped on a supporting frame (1). By adoption of the technical scheme, the structure is simple, a wafer disk is put on the circular supporting ring, a wafer bracket is pressed by the cover plate, the circular supporting plate and the cover plate are clamped on the supporting frame, an adjusting nut on a bolt is adjusted, the back surface of the wafer disk is jacked up by the support pillar to deviate a chip from the wafer disk, and then, the chip is sucked by a vacuum adsorption pen to take away the chip, so that the working efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced, and meanwhile, only the circular supporting plates and the circular supporting rings in different specifications are changed according to wafer disks with different dimensions to take away the chips, so that the universality is strong.


For the pulse Doppler radar system with short pulse sequence, maximum eigenvalue-based matrix CFAR detector (MEMD) provides an effective solution to the problem of detecting moving targets in the background of ${K}$ distribution sea clutter when the target Doppler frequency is within clutter spectrum. However, its performance is inferior to adaptive normalized matched filter method (ANMF) when the target Doppler frequency heavily deviates from the clutter spectrum. In essence, the reason for the better performance of ANMF method is the clutter is effectively suppressed by whitening and matched filter. Motivated by this, the fusion idea of eigenvalue detection and pre-processing via fast Fourier transform is considered taking advantage of the priori information of target steering vector. A pre-processing-based maximum eigenvalue matrix CFAR detection (P-MEMD) method is proposed to suppress the influence of clutter on detection performance. Finally, the numerical experimental results based on simulated data and real sea clutter data show that the proposed method achieves better detection performance and robustness than some conventional methods.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of repeated precoital and postcoital use of levonorgestrel for pregnancy prevention. DATA SOURCES: We searched eight computerized databases for studies that evaluated oral hormones taken for contraception immediately before or after each coital act during one or more menstrual cycles. We reviewed reference lists and contacted experts. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Of 31 studies identified, we excluded 16 from this review because they contained incomplete information on the drug regimen, number of pregnancies, or duration of follow-up or because they did not evaluate levonorgestrel. The remaining 15 studies collectively included 20 groups of women treated with levonorgestrel: 10 groups received 0.75 mg and 10 received other doses. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. We calculated Pearl indices from individual studies and pooled data and estimated confidence intervals (CIs) using a Poisson distribution. Most studies had methodological limitations. The studies of the 0.75-mg levonorgestrel dose included 2,628 patients who used the method for 1,033 woman-years and yielded a pooled Pearl index of 5.1 pregnancies per 100 woman-years (95% CI 3.8–6.7). The studies of other doses added 5,787 patients who used the method for 53,347 cycles. The pooled Pearl index for all studies was 4.9 pregnancies per 100 woman-years (95% CI 4.3–5.5). The main side effect was frequent menstrual irregularities. No serious adverse events were reported. Most women liked the pericoital method. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that pericoital oral levonorgestrel is safe and moderately effective. However, the quality of the studies was suboptimal. A pressing need exists for rigorous research to evaluate pericoital use of levonorgestrel as a primary means of contraception.


Reinforced cylindrical shells are used in numerous industries; common examples include undersea vehicles, aircraft, and industrial piping. Current models typically incorporate approximation theories to determine shell behavior, which are limited by both thickness and frequency. In addition, many applications feature coatings on the shell interior or exterior that normally have thicknesses which must also be considered. To increase the fidelity of such systems, this work develops an analytic model of an elastic cylindrical shell featuring periodically spaced ring stiffeners with a coating applied to the outer surface. There is an external fluid environment. Beginning with the equations of elasticity for a solid, spatial-domain displacement field solutions are developed incorporating unknown wave propagation coefficients. These fields are used to determine stresses at the boundaries of the shell and coating, which are then coupled with stresses from the stiffeners and fluid. The stress boundary conditions contain double-index infinite summations, which are decoupled, truncated, and recombined into a global matrix equation. The solution to this global equation results in the displacement responses of the system as well as the exterior scattered pressure field. An incident acoustic wave excitation is considered. Thin-shell reference models are used for validation, and the predicted system response to an example simulation is examined. It is shown that the reinforcing ribs and coating add significant complexity to the overall cylindrical shell model; however, the proposed approach enables the study of structural and acoustic responses of the coupled system.


IntroductionThe Arab Spring suggests a transition to a new social order, a new phase of modern capitalism. The Arab states sit at a critical moment in which old institutions are frail, and what they do over the next few years will lay the groundwork for the next generation's institutionalized "rule of capitalism."1 It is clear that Arab regimes were deeply unpopular and faced serious demographic, economic, and political problems.The young Egyptian university graduate who burned himself to death yearning for democratization triggered democratic uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia. The democratic wind has been blown by the Arab youth who attempted to topple dictators. The democratic movement in Tunisia has bestowed a momentum to the Egyptian democratic uprising. The winds have swept through to Iran, Libya, and Bahrain in the wake of the Tunisian democratic movement. In spite of the brutal crackdown by the authoritarian regimes, the independent democratic movement of the Arab states has gained support from democratic society. "People all over the Arab world feel a sense of pride in shaking off decades of cowed passivity under dictatorships that ruled with no deference to popular wishes."2 The kind of collective actions most likely to change the existing social structure are likely to be triggered by members of disadvantaged groups.3 The state's failure to meet the needs of the people and to represent their will may cause class struggle where rival class forces fight to control the vital political organs that wield immense power.4 North Korea as a failed state has considerable potential to be overthrown by mass collective action. Robert I. Rotberg has classified political goods in five categories-safety and security, rule of law and transparency, participation and human rights, sustainable economic opportunity, and human development. Failed states are those states that fall below a threshold of political goods and fail to satisfy the safety and security minimums.5 "Given the scarcity of food supplies in North Korea, given its lack of human capital and other human capacities, and given the long poverty of internal discourse within the state, the removal of state security will plunge the otherwise failed state straight into true failure and, likely collapse."6 A nation-state fails when citizens finally perceive that its rulers are running the state as a criminal enterprise to their own advantage and the state no longer cares about most of its inhabitants.Against this backdrop, the feasibility of a democratic movement in North Korea is on the rise. Conditions for a democratic uprising in North Korea are growing gradually. There are many cautious predictions that a democratic movement can happen in North Korea eventually. The democratic movement in North Korea might be somewhat different from the Arab democratic movement.This article briefly reviews the feasibility of the democratization of North Korea. Drawing on this understanding, the article focuses on the implications of the Arab democratic uprising for North Korea. To better appreciate the context of the implications, the article analyzes the characteristics of the Arab democratic uprising, reviews the current situation of the democratic movement in North Korea, and examines the ripple effect of the Arab Spring on the North Korean elite. Emphasizing the negative impact of the Arab Spring on the North Korean regime succession, this article concludes that North Korea's democratization can become possible by empowering the grassroots population in order to make the North Korean regime negotiate with them.The Feasibility of the Democratization of North KoreaThe Arab democratic uprising presents a frightening prospect to the North Korean regime. The collapsed Mubarak regime was a so-called brother state of North Korea. North Korea introduced the Egyptian mobile company Orascom for its telecommunications. Now, approximately more than one million North Koreans have mobile phones run on Orascom's 3G platform. …


The organization of the Brazilian federal public administration is seldom addressed by organizational studies (OS) research. The decision-making process is privileged, according to the tradition of functionalist operational research. However, managing is more complex than decision-making, which is included by it. Management level in Brazilian federal public administration is completely filled by appointment. This reality makes us understand management as an utterly political action, crystallized in the public administration organization. This article has a methodological perspective and demonstrates that public positions filled by appointment are central to the Brazilian federal public administration,. It also identifies practices and interactions of public management.


Difficulty in communicating or delivering statement or answers towards the mathematics problems in the form of writing is still going on. Module as an independent learning material and the language that more communicative is expected to be able to overcome those problems. Therefore, this research aimed at developing the "JATRABEL" module to train the students' written mathematical communication. This development research referred to the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The result of this development was in the form of "JATRABEL" module, in which the material presentation was based on the indicators of written mathematical communication that used in this research. The material presentation of this module was intentionally made with the empty parts and it should be filled by the students. This research used observation, validation test of module and material, module trial, students' response questionnaire distribution along with the interview as the data collection techniques. The "JATRABEL" module had been validated by the experts and also had been trialed to 10 students of 7th grade. The validation result showed that the "JATRABEL" module was very valid and very proper to be used. The result of students' response questionnaire indicated that the students' responses were good toward the module that had been developed and also the "JATRABEL" module wad effective. Departing from the questionnaire as well, the indicators of students' written mathematical communication had been met in 58,125%.


When employing autonomous vehicles, it is desirable to use controllers which can be rigorously shown to always ensure safety is maintained. In this manuscript we compare two approaches for the problem of navigation through environments containing obstacles. The first uses boundary following to maintain an avoidance distance to obstacles, and the second uses a MPC-type algorithm to plan short range trajectories around detected obstacles, while ensuring the vehicle can be brought to a halt within the sensor radius. The controllers are subjected to analysis for robustness, and simulations are carried out with both a simple second order linear model and a realistic helicopter model for verification. The controller that planned ahead was found to give significantly better trajectories.


Based on the event every year for selecting the annual important advances about science,technology and engineering held by our publishing house,with the same principles of evaluating within each branch,putting quality before quantity,and giving facts in time order,10 important scientific achievements,10 important technological achievements and 10 important engineering achievements in China in 2010 were selected from a lot of scientific news in the columns Half-month News Index,Half-month News Briefs,News Round,Domestic Journal Highlights,Scientific Community Briefs,Scientific Events and Cover Stories in Science and Technology Review,and key academic journals and scientific newspapers. These achievements were introduced by the Editorial Department of Science and Technology Review Publishing House in this paper.


The threat which the cruise missile is faced with is analyzed from the view of early warning system. The main penetration strategy for cruise missile is put forward, the penetration efficiency is also studied.


Benign and malignant diseases share many overlapping features at abdominal imaging; knowledge of the characteristic imaging features, clinical clues, and disease patterns of conditions that mimic malignancy can assist the radiologist in suggesting a nonmalignant diagnosis.


This article highlights the 158 species of myrid bugs from 66 genera, which were classified by different scientists in this field. In Uzbekistan, this is the only list with such a volume.


Fast algorithm for joint near-optimal approximation of multiple polygonal curves is proposed. It is based on iterative reduced-search dynamic programming introduced earlier for the min-/spl epsiv/ problem of a single polygonal curve. The proposed algorithm jointly optimizes the number of line segments allocated to the different individual curves, and the approximation of the curves by the given number of segments. Trade-off between time and optimality is controlled by the breadth of (the search, and by the numbers of iterations applied.


The chiral selector 6-azido-2, 3-di(p-chlorophenylcarbamoylated) cellulose was synthesized and further chemically immobilized onto 5-μm amino functionalized spherical porous silica gel. It was used as chiral stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. Thirty racemates were successfully separated into enantiomers in either normal phase mode or reversed-phase mode. Good reproducibility and stability of the chiral stationary phase have been demonstrated.


In the process of recruiting a company of the most important thing is to choose, selectingand processing each candidate are correct and can be placed directly on the field,experience and education under their control. Lack of awareness of the importance of thedatabase to make all prospective employees who have or have not been processed,causing errors in the selection and processing of repetitive. To be able to make a gooddocumentation of data and run the process according to the procedures in placediperlukanlah an application that can support the smooth process of recruitment.Therefore, the author makes an application writing process entitled Rekrutment At PT.Trikomsel Mulitimedia, which in scientific writing is made by using programminglanguage Visual Basic 6.0 object-oriented in order to be able to utilize existing facilitiesinside the object.


Summary Over a period of three years, the phenylalanine content in fruit and vegetables was not taken into account in the daily phenylalanine balance for patients with phenylketonuria, a congenital metabolic disorder. In spite of a significantly higher intake of phenylalanine, no worsening of metabolic control could be detected.


The invention discloses a hydroxyl asiatic acid choline salt, a preparation method and an application thereof, a hydroxyl asiatic acid glucosamine salt, a preparation method and an application thereof, and a hydroxyl asiatic acid trometamol salt, a preparation method and an application thereof. A hydroxyl asiatic acid salt solution is high in purity, is wide in concentration range, is abundant in selectable drug delivery approaches, and can be used for preparing medicines and cosmetics for preventing or treating fibrosis and resisting aging. Compared with free hydroxyl asiatic acid or other forms of the hydroxyl asiatic acid salt, the hydroxyl asiatic acid salt is greatly enhanced in water solubility and is easy to prepare into an injection or various solution agents. Through the proper preparation method, the bioavailability of the medicine is effectively improved so that the effect of the medicine is greatly improved. The medicine can be used for treating various fibrosis diseases and preventing or treating scar hyperplasia and also has an anti-aging function.


The generalization of Bode's sensitivity analysis technique for all types of the transfer functions and circuit elements is presented in the paper. The proposed formulae for first- and second-order symbolic sensitivity calculation provide the compact size of obtained expression and have the advantages of cancellation-free sum-of-product terms and matrix-free computation. This is achieved by means of the concept of high order summative cofactors and the generalized parameter extraction method. The proposed technique is implemented in symbolic circuit analysis program Cirsym. Illustrative example on symbolic sensitivity circuit analysis and comparison of the presented technique with the transimpedance method and the method based on the modified Coates flow-graph are given.


This paper reports the development of a retain and retrieve mechanism for a case-based reasoning (CBR) system in which the recognition of three-dimensional objects is required for the analysis of stress concentration factors in component manufacturing. A rotation-and scale-invariant system is presented which is both computationally simple and extremely robust to noise. Results support the multiple-view paradigm of object recognition


Asthmatics seem less prone to adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and some data shows that inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are protective. We gathered data on anecdotal ICS and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, given there is literature supporting ICS may reduce risk of severe infection. In addition, we fill gaps in current literature evaluating Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) as a risk assessment tool for COVID-19. This was a single-center, retrospective study designed and conducted to identify factors associated intubation and inpatient mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Intubation was associated with male gender (OR, 2.815; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.348–5.881; P = .006) and increasing body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.053; 95% CI, 1.009–1.099; P = .019). Asthma was associated with lower odds for intubation (OR, 0.283; 95% CI, 0.108–0.74; P = .01). 80% of patients taking pre-hospital ICS were not intubated (n = 8). In-patient mortality was associated with male gender (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.167–5.1; P = .018), older age (OR, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.052–1.142; P = <.001), and increasing BMI (OR, 1.079; 95% CI, 1.033–1.127; P = .001). Asthma was associated with lower in-patient mortality (OR, 0.221; 95% CI, 0.057–0.854; P = .029). CCI did not correlate with intubation (OR, 1.262; 95% CI, 0.923–1.724; P = .145) or inpatient mortality (OR, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.665–1.206; P = .468). Asthmatics hospitalized for COVID-19 had less adverse outcomes, and most patients taking pre-hospital ICS were not intubated. CCI score was not associated with intubation or inpatient mortality.


There is a stereotype, common to textbooks, of the Middle Ages as 'dualistic' – that is despising or fleeing 'matter' or 'the body'. Common sentiment is that mystical or ascetical literature is the most culpable expression of this and that this tendency reaches its culmination in the fourteenth century. According to Jacques Le Goff, for example, in the spiritual culture of the Middle Ages "a clash between the physiological and the sacred resulted in an effort to deny the existence of biological man". 1 By looking at the English writings of Richard Rolle, the author of the Cloud of Unknowing, Walter Hilton and Julian of Norwich I will show that late medieval mystical writing, at least in England, was not as 'anti-body' as popular, and some scholarly, perceptions have seen it. In fact these writings show an active concern to make sense of the body as an important part of the spiritual life. Far from accepting a dualistic anthropology the concern of these writers is the integration of the human person whereby body, along with soul, is a place for encounter with God. English mysticism in the fourteenth century consciously subverts any penitential practice antagonistic to the body, self-injurious behaviours, or dualistic discourse about the spiritual life. Where they affirm asceticism, which they do, it is only so that the body can play a positive role in the spiritual life. By looking at fourteenth-century mystical texts this thesis shows: 1) The anthropological models they worked with involved an integration of body and soul. 2) Attention to flesh and decay characteristic of the period is not a 'flight from' but more a 'submersion in' the body. 3) Gendering of the body as 'female' in the late Middle Ages because it was seen as 'passive', 'negative' and 'irrational' is over-simplistic and inaccurate to the complexity of gender symbolism and corporeal understandings of the time. My thesis is that their actual concern is the integration of body and soul in a way that takes attention away from outward ascetical practice. Spirituality for them was not a matter of bodily practice, but nor was it something irrelevant to the body. They all endeavour to demythologise the use of body as a metaphor arriving at a 'realist' attitude to the body as something tangible, perceptible, locatable. Yet at the same time they saw a helpful and theologically meaningful attitude to the body coming about as a fruit of the spiritual life. 1 The Medieval Imagination, tr. Arthur Goldhammer, (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1988), p. 83.


ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Midori Ishii is first author on 'Characterization of unconventional kinetochore kinases KKT10 and KKT19 in Trypanosoma brucei', published in JCS. Midori is a postdoc in the lab of Bungo Akiyoshi at Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK, she works on understanding the regulatory mechanisms of unconventional kinetochore proteins.


In view of forest species development little or les s crop, this work has focused on the study of uncon ventional oils extracted from tigernut. The study was aimed to determine the physico-chemical parameters (acidity, peroxide, io dine and saponification values), the fatty acid profile, tocols and st erols of vegetable oils obtained from Cyperus esculentus produced in Benin. Analyses showed a lipid potential of Cyperus esculentus between 27 and 29%. Quality index obtained: acidit y ( 70%), largely known in nutrition allowed these vege table oils to be used as food supplements. This stu dy revealed in oilcake the predominance of minerals such as nitrog en N (~1.5%), phosphorus P (0.27%) and potassium K (~1%) as well as total protein (MS ~9%), starch (33-40% DM) and total sugar (21-26% DM) indicating their potential use in animal feed. The unsaponifiables of vegetable oil such as sterol s and tocols were quantified to 63 and 4000 mg/100 g edible by LC-MS method which could predict their use in cosmetics.


This paper deals with 5 araneid species from Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, of which Neoscona raydakensis is described as new to science. Other species, Argiope pulchella THURELL, Gasteracantha diadesmia THORELL, Gasteracantha kuhli C. L. KOCH and Neoscona pavida (SIMON) are reported as new from Buxa forest.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of quantitative detection of K-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations in the tissues of pancreatic cancer and related pancreatic diseaaes. Methods One hundred and thirty samples from surgically removed pancreatic tissue with a conclusive pathological diagnosis (105 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,8 cases of pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas,2 cases of pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,3 cases of pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,6 cases of duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma and 6 cases of benign pancreatic diseases ) were collected.Quantitative detection of K-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations was performed by the method of peptide nucleic acidmediated PCR clamping with two different fluorescence labeled probes.Mutation number > 100 copies was used as the criteria to calculate the positive mutation rate.Results The median and quartile of K-ras codon 12mutations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas,pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma and benign pancreatic diseases were 4062 (495,10800),238 (45,8420),15 (9,21),3 (3,16),2283 (73,5037)and 21(8,56),and the positive mutation rates were 84.8% (89/105),50.0% (4/8),0,0,66.7% (4/6)and 16.7% (1/6).The quantity of K-ras codon 12 mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was not statistically different from those of adenosquamous carcinoma,duodenal and papillary adenocarcinoma,but it was significantly higher than those in pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma,pancreatic endocrine carcinoma,and benign pancreatic diseases (P <0.05).The area under ROC of K-ras codon 12 mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was 0.727.The sensitivity and specificity of the K-ras codon 12 mutation for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were 84.8%,64.0%,respectively.The quantity of K-ras codon 12 was associated with survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.The quantity of K-ras codon 13 mutations and the positive mutation rates in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was not statistically different from other pancreatic diseases.Conclusions The quantity of K-ras codon 12 mutation has good differential diagnostic and prognostic prediction value for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms ; K-ras gene; Codon; Point mutation;  Diagnosis


This paper predicts structure performance of traditional wooden structure, and it is the one of core research themes for technical generalization. I was going to assure problems in the resistance performance interpretation of similar Traditional Wooden Structures by inspecting a mechanics behavior characteristic of joint connection through confirmation and structure interpretation through a model examination to interpret resistance performance of fist connection. It was 1:1 and 1/2 scale and turned at fist connection of the Traditional Wooden Structure beam, and the study progress experimented on performance and structural analysis did same model and inspected comparison. Even as for the stiffness, geometry set which is highly precise, and face each other which got through comparison inspection by an experiment and the interpretation and basics of properties of matter prices document in a base for connection of the same kind accomplished a design ideally. It is the main aim of the study that what externalization does the interpretation condition when I let you quantify the vague nature and cannot lean on an experiment of the parameter to have an influence on stiffness of traditional wooden structure, and raise name value of the interpretation watched. Therefore, though I looked for the method that I generalized the propriety of interpretation as dynamic performance and could put to practical use, I concentrated an ability. As for the main content that I got through an experiment and a theoretical comparative study, a case of SW42 that there were many contact surfaces most, and a joining coherence island was high was able to confirm a stable thing by stress distribution low most under the equal load. In addition, I appeared to get appropriate clamping force because it was efficient to become the joining length of 1/2 beam width digit.


PURPOSE: A driving circuit of a display device is provided, which improves a response characteristics and at the same time minimizes a device driving power of the display device driven using a current source, and thus minimizes a power loss. CONSTITUTION: The driving circuit of a display device comprising an anode line and a cathode line comprises an anode circuit(10) outputting different driving voltages each of RGB respectively in correspondence to a linear resistance of the anode line and the cathode line and the characteristics of a material. The driving circuit also comprises a cathode circuit(20) outputting the same signal by being connected to both ends of the cathode line, and a display part(30) where an area ratio of each RGB device and a width of the anode line are controlled according to the characteristics of the applied driving voltage. The cathode circuit is constituted on both ends of the cathode line and applies the same signal to the display part, and the area ratio of each RGB device is 3:6:1.


Over the past three decades, the number of New Brunswick's children, adolescents and adults who are overweight or obese has increased substantially, mirroring a national and worldwide phenomenon. In Canada, the prevalence of obesity among adults and youth roughly doubled between 1981 and 2009 [1]. Dramatic increases in obesity prevalence have been particularly pronounced among children [2]. The World Health Organization reports that globally, obesity has more than doubled since the early 1980s. The organization estimates that more than one in ten of the world's adult population is obese. In 2010, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese [3]. A wide range of genetic, lifestyle, social, cultural and environmental factors contribute to changes in obesity prevalence. A population health bulletin published by the Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health


To research the principle of air-source heat pump water unit with energy storage and the application feasibility in this field,the prototype of the hot water unit is developed.Performance of the unit in every mode is studied by experiments.Test results show that the unit can efficiently work in multiple modes,such as heat storage mode,heat and cooling storage mode,hot water supply mode,hot water and chilled water supply mode.Especially,the unit works with higher average energy efficiency ratio in heat and cooling storage mode as well as hot water and chilled water supply mode.In energy storage process,water temperature distribution in hot/chilled water tanks is comparatively uniform,which is favorable for improving the capacity of thermal storage.At the mean time,increasing accumulator volume and debasing location of compressor startup can improve the energy-saving potential and enhance reliability of the unit.


The hydration reaction of Portland cement paste has an important impact on the formation of microstructure and development of strength. However, simulating the evolution of hydration reaction is very difficult because there are multi-phased, multi-sized and interrelated complex chemical and physical reactions during cement hydration. In this paper, a feedforward neural network model is built for predicting the evolution of degree of hydration. In order to reduce the computing time, GPUs are used for acceleration in parallel. Studies have shown that according to the established model, simulation curve of hydration is in good accordance with the observed experimental data.


Aminostannanes, stannazanes, and stannylamines react with carbon dioxide to give organotin carbamate addition products, but with carbon disulphide, organotin dithiocarbamate adducts are not always isolated and may give rise to organotin sulphide, isothiocyanates, and thiourea as alternative products. For the aminostannylation of carbonyl sulphide, evidence is presented to show that addition takes place across the CS bond rather than the CO bond. It is suggested that the preferred formation of tin–sulphur bonds is consistent with the relative strengths of tin–oxygen and tin–sulphur bonds.