We consider a wireless sensor network equipped with energy harvesting technology. It contains M sensors that observe a random process and transmit an amplified uncoded analog version of the observed signal through fading wireless channels to a remote station. The remote station, often called the fusion center, estimates the realization of the random process by using a best linear unbiased estimator. In this paper, we consider the optimal energy allocation policy that minimizes total distortion over a finite time horizon subject to energy harvesting constraints at the sensors. We focus on two types of available side information at the sensor, i.e. (1) causal side information involving the present and previous channel states and the previous values of the harvested energy and (2) full (non-causal) side information, under both finite and infinite energy storage capacity at each sensor's battery. The derivations and some structural properties of the optimal energy allocation schemes are discussed, and numerical results presented.


Model of cyclic stress-strain curve and corresponded damage model are developed for simulation of nonisothermal cyclic loading and for estimating life time of turbomachinery components. Material cyclic model describes change of Bauschinger's effect, Young's module and parameters of hardening as functions of accumulative plastic strain. Model of damage is based on reaching value of accumulative plastic strain ultimate state at cyclic loading. Simulation of nonisothermal plasticity of turbomachinery components based on FE code which uses for calculation theory of strain plasticity, that was generalized to cyclic noniosthermal loading. Results of calculation of turbine engine details under cyclic loadings (discs, high-loaded concentrators of blade locks and turbine blades) are presented.


Keywords: cue mating system parasitoid sex pheromone signal Venturia canescens wind tunnel In many animals, mating takes place after natal dispersal. Consequently, use of reliable information is required to increase the probability of encounters between the sexes. Most of the studies on mate finding in parasitoid insects have focused on the role of a single information source: a sex pheromone. Other sources have been mostly ignored. We studied the nature of olfactory information used for mate finding by the parasitoid Venturia canescens both at a distance and at host patch level, and investigated how this information is used. We tested which sex attracts the other and whether mate location is improved by combining different sources of information. We found that males simultaneously used two types of olfactory cues to find their mate: information directly related to females and an environmental cue provided by hosts. Male efficiency in locating virgin females was enhanced threefold by the association of females with hosts, whereas host patches, on their own, were unattractive to males. Our results also suggest that females emit a volatile pheromone. At the host patch level, males used chemical marks left by females foraging for hosts. These results led us to consider the distinction between signals and cues and we suggest that the volatile pheromone emitted by the females, always described as a signal, could rather be a cue. Although evidence for a volatile sex pheromone is pervasive in parasitoids, our study stresses the role of other cues in mate-finding strategies. Mating systems depend on the reproductive biology of both sexes, the intensity of intrasexual competition and the distribution of partners in time and space Mate finding is a crucial step in the mating system. Increasing both mating success and the probability of finding a mate requires the use of reliable information relative to the environmental noise. Although animals can use multiple cues for decision making (Fawcett & Johnstone 2003; Campbell & Borden 2009), studies of mate finding have primarily focused on a single information source: sex pheromones (Quicke 1997). A sex pheromone is a chemical signal that informs the other sex or alters the sexual behaviours of conspecifics. Females can release contact or close-range pheromones which arrest and attract nearby males and/or elicit male courtship behaviour (Danci et al. 2006; reviewed in Kainoh 1999; see also Ruther et al. 2000). Depending on the mating system, chemicals might have different roles …


It is shown how the effects of an external electrostatic field on infinite, conjugated polymers can be included directly in a density-functional method for electronic-structure calculations. In the simpler case that the field does not break the translational symmetry, our tests results for the H2 molecule show that our computational method is reliable, and our results for trans-polyacetylene and polycarbonitrile demonstrate the effects of the presence of heteroatoms in the backbone as well as that the electronic properties change only a little upon also strong external fields. Finally, we present a method with which these fields can also be treated in the case that they break the translational symmetry of the polymer.


The well-known history of the life and death of Socrates continues to attract attention. This essay examines Socrates' commitment to truth and justice. For Socrates, justice is inseparable from ethical commitment to truth. He gave up his life in the name of truth and justice. We will explore the meaning of the "internal", "external" dichotomy of truth. The proffered meaning of this dichotomy of truth will be considered from the point of view of African philosophy. The relevance of Socrates to African philosophy will be discussed as a prelude to our argument that Socrates' commitment to truth and justice is crucial for political leadership and vital for the realisation of justice in Africa and the world.


This is a comparative essay on two types of love: the Christian or Romantic type of love that equates love and death; and classical or amicable love that equates love with rhythmical rituals and conjugations. The essay explores the role of instincts, desire, aggression, ecstasy, oblivion, pneumatics, meters and eternal recurrence in love. The question of the relation between love and marriage, love and adultery is posed. Historical forms of love are reviewed, from pederasty and renunciation to courtly and companionate love.


This paper reports a drug-loaded three-phase microbubble fabrication method using a simple three-dimensional microfluidic chip. The three-dimensional microfluidic chip has a simple design of the nozzle using multilayer exposure technique, so that it has much lower manufacture cost, and it can still generate microbubbles with a small size. Microbubbles made by this chip have uniform size and low diameter, which could be controlled under 5 μm. We not only reduced microbubble's size greatly, but also got stabilized a higher yield of microbubbles with a high yield. We generated stabilized doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles with a phospholipid shell by adjusting oil phase formula. The microbubbles could stay more than half a month. The effects on doxorubicin payload, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro enhancement were explored as well.


summary: the present research report investigates the occupational and sectoral differentiation of the employed population of austria under the perspective of class formation and social stratification. it employs for the first time in a systematic manner the method of cluster analysis. the results show that the division of labor in regard to occupations and industrial sectors is structured sharply along those lines which can be deduced from the theory of social stratification. the findings prove also the utility of the method of cluster analysis as a tool for the investigation of social structures. analyses related to the status consistency of occupational and sectorial groupings to their position in regard to social deprivation or privilege and to the development of the class and status structure in austria between 1951 and 1973 supplement these findings.;


Until quite recently, most Australian jurisdictions gave statutory force to the principle of imprisonment as a sanction of last resort, reflecting its status as the most punitive sentencing option open to the court.1 That principle gave primary discretion as to whether incarceration was the most appropriate means of achieving the purpose of a sentence to the sentencing court, which received all of the information relevant to the offence, the offender and any victim(s). The disestablishment of this principle is symptomatic of an increasing erosion of judicial discretion with respect to sentencing, which appears to be resulting in some extremely punitive consequences.


According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2005 American Community Survey, 35.5 percent of the population 25 years and older in southern New England counties have a bachelor's degree or higher. Nationwide the percentage is 27.2.


Activated carbons (ACs) are obtained by microwave-assisted activation of petroleum coke with KOH as an activation agent and used as electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors. The pore structure and functional groups of ACs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the nitrogen adsorption technique. The results show that both the specific surface area (SBET) and the total pore volume (Vt) of ACs go through a maximum as the KOH/coke mass ratio increases. At 5:1 of the KOH/coke mass ratio, SBET of AC (denoted as AC5/1) made by microwave-assisted activation is 2312 m2 g−1, with Vt of 1.13 m3 g−1, while SBET of AC made by conventional activation is only 532 m2 g−1, with Vt being at 0.24 m3 g−1. The microwave-assisted KOH activation process is capable of creating and enlarging micropores of petroleum coke by increasing the KOH/coke ratio from 3:1 to 5:1. Nevertheless, some micropores are destroyed when the KOH/coke ratio is 6:1. The specific capacitance of AC5/1 electrode r...


Linear dimensionality reduction methods are a cornerstone of analyzing high dimensional data, due to their simple geometric interpretations and typically attractive computational properties. These ...


Deferment in the course of building formation and construction projects is an aspect of the shared situations in the formation stage of the building industry, several factors like timing, availability of raw material, delay in down payment, and readiness of finance, construction goodwill and building logistics. This study is aimed at determining the prime roots of deferments in the formation stage of building projects in South-eastern Nigeria. Research study approach was engaged throughout the sampled urban areas in South-eastern Nigeria, for instance: Aba, Abakalikki, Owerri, and Awka. 150 copies of well-completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The outcome specified that disparities roots, deferments in stage-to-stage overheads, bidding below cost price, and subcontractors' weak execution, and complications in communication were fundamental to the deferments in the execution of building projects in South-eastern Nigeria. This study is the foremost on the roots of deferments in the formation stage of building projects in South-eastern Nigeria. The relative study revealed two exceptional roots of deferments in the Nigerian building industry, for instance, pressure in demanding job safety, and irrational demand for advance disbursements by constructors. It also discloses diverse categories of deferment roots in accordance by means of notable civil and financial situations in South-eastern Nigeria. Conclusively, the result from the study is not only applicable to South-eastern Nigeria but can be extended to building construction projects in other parts of the developing nations of the world for similar outcomes. Keywords: Deferments; building projects; hazard supervision; South-eastern Nigeria, building formation; relative study; building construction.


This paper presents an innovative, near-contact, person-to-3D character, real-time dance training framework for leaders developed in Augmented Reality (AR) for interactive entertainment. Rather than mimicking pre-recorded dance animations as in previous work, the user is trained to lead a 3D partner while dancing, employing mid-air gestures. Real and virtual hands are joined and dance movements are initiated to which the 3D character responds to, through Unity's Inverse Kinematics solvers, in a non-predetermined manner following Latin dance rules. We evaluate task workload and usability of our AR dance training system compared with the Virtual Reality (VR) equivalent. Perceived training performance, accuracy of actions and fun were lower in AR, evoking increased training effort in AR compared to playfully training in VR. Design recommendations include increasing AR's Field of View, enhancing high quality graphics in AR, removing obtrusive cabling in VR and improving finger tracking in VR.


Sustained levels of circulating human growth hormone (hGH) and highly significant weight increases, also found comparable to repeated hormone injections, were observed in previous works, after electrotransfer of naked plasmid DNA into the muscle of immunodeficient dwarf mice (lit/scid). In the present work an homologous animal model for GH gene therapy was studied by cloning the genomic sequence of mouse GH-DNA (mGH-gDNA), which substituted hGHgDNA in the plasmid that had been used in immunodeficient dwarf mice, now named UBI-mGH-gDNA and used in immunocompetent dwarf mice (lit/lit). An in vitro test was first carried out by transfecting HEK 293 human cells with this plasmid and obtaining an expression of 3.0 μg mGH/10 cells/day, against 3.7 μg /10 cells/day obtained with UBI-hGH-gDNA. The same two plasmids DNA (50 μg/mouse) were then injected into the quadriceps muscle of lit/lit, followed by electroporation, carrying out a 94-day assay. While after 15 days the slopes of the weight variation curves related to mGH, hGH and saline were 0.130, 0.112 and 0.027 g/mouse/day respectively, after 94 days the corresponding slopes were 0.041, 0.028 and 0.033 g/mouse/day. Statistical tests showed that after 15 days the slopes of both GH curves were significantly higher than the control (P<0.001), while after 94 days only the slope of the mGH curve was significantly higher than the control (P<0.005). Weight increase for mGH-treated mice, after 94 days, was 34.3%, while nose-to-tail and femur length, both directly measuring longitudinal growth, increased 9.5% and 26.0%, respectively, when compared to the initial values. The progressive growth arrest of the hGH-treated mice was not unexpected, considering the obvious immunogenic reaction of the immunocompetent animals against human and not against mouse GH ( anti-hGH antibody title 1:100 to 1:3200). The highly positive slope of the control group, already observed in lit/lit but never in lit/scid, is probably due to the natural weight gain of this strain, not supported, however, by a proportional longitudinal growth. mGH circulating levels of the order of 4 ng/mL were detected after 15 days for mGH-treated mice, while the control presented levels around 0.7 ng mGH/mL (P<0.001). Mouse IGF-I serum levels were also determined on day 15, 45 and 94 in mGH-treated mice, always showing 1.5-3.0 fold higher values than the control and 1.2-1.6 fold higher values than hGH-treated mice. This homologous treatment model can be considered a first approach and an important support to the preclinical testing of naked DNA administration for the treatment of human GH deficiency.


Recently, we have observed the so-called devil's staircase of high-order facets on the surface of hcp 4He crystals at 0.2 K. Such high roughening temperatures of high-order facets belonging to the [101N ] family suggest that there must be an anomaly in the stiffness of vicinal surfaces and of the step on the basal c facet at the corresponding orientation. We were able to measure the stiffness of the step on the [0001] c facet and the azimuthal stiffness of vicinal surfaces at small polar angles. We have found a strong anisotropy of the stiffnesses at low temperatures, as high as 5–10. The anisotropy rapidly decreases as temperature increases and saturates at low temperatures, in good agreement with the theory of renormalization by thermal fluctuations of the surface. The observed anomaly in the surface stiffness can explain the presence of high-order facets.


Dale and Richards (1) point out that vasodilator effects of histamine are purely peripheral effects upon the blood vessels, independent of any nervous connection. They conclude that the vasodilation is due to the relaxation of the tone of the capillaries since histamine has a constrictor effect upon the arteries.


The Early-mid Cretaceous marks the confluence of three major continental-scale events in eastern Gondwana: (1) the emplacement of a Silicic Large Igneous Province (LIP) near the continental margin; (2) the volcaniclastic fill, transgression and regression of a major epicontinental seaway developed over at least a quarter of the Australian continent; and (3) epeirogenic uplift, exhumation and continental rupturing culminating in the opening of the Tasman Basin c. 84 Ma. The Whitsunday Silicic LIP event had widespread impact, producing both substantial extrusive volumes of dominantly silicic pyroclastic material and coeval first-cycle volcanogenic sediment that accumulated within many eastern Australian sedimentary basins, and principally in the Great Australian Basin system (>2 Mkm 3 combined volume). The final pulse of volcanism and volcanogenic sedimentation at c. 105-95 Ma coincided with epicontinental seaway regression, which shows a lack of correspondence with the global sea-level curve, and alternatively records a wider, continental-scale effect of volcanism and rift tectonism. Widespread igneous underplating related to this LIP event is evident from high paleogeothermal gradients and regional hydrothermal fluid flow detectable in the shallow crust and over a broad region. Enhanced CO 2 fluxing through sedimentary basins also records indirectly, large-scale, LIP-related mafic underplating. A discrete episode of rapid crustal cooling and exhumation began c. 100-90 Ma along the length of the eastern Australian margin, related to an enhanced phase of continental rifting that was largely amagmatic, and probably a switch from wide-more narrow rift modes. Along-margin variations in detachment fault architecture produced narrow (SE Australia) and wide continental margins with marginal, submerged continental plateaux (NE Australia). Long-lived NE-trending cross-orogen lineaments controlled the switch from narrow to wide continental margin geometries.


This study aims to determine the effect of infant massage on the sleep quality of infants aged 1-12 months in Langa Village, Syamtalira Bayu District, North Aceh District. The research method was pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study found that 92% of mothers did not massage their babies, with the pre-test results for the quality of their baby's sleep in the "Enough" and "Not enough" conditions. After the baby massage treatment, 100% of the babies experienced an increase in sleep quality to a 100% "Good" state. The results of the bivariate test obtained a p-value = 0.000. In conclusion, infant massage affects the sleep quality of infants aged 1-12 months in Langa Village, Syamtalira Bayu District, and North Aceh District.

Keywords: Babies, Sleep Quality, Baby Massage


The effectiveness of the 'conventional' approach to helping children with dyslexia to acquire literacy has been questioned by Reynolds et al. (Dyslexia 2003). Data are presented in this reply to support the effectiveness of Reading Intervention, a conventional approach to teaching reading delayed children.


Abstract : In IEEE 802.11b network testbeds, we examine the drawbacks of estimating unicast link properties via those of broadcast packets. To redress these shortcomings, we design a beacon-free routing protocol Learn on the Fly (LOF). It chooses routes without assuming geographic uniformity by way of a locally measurable metric ELD, the expected MAC latency per unit-distance toward the destination; it estimates link quality solely based on data traffic without employing beacons. Using a realistic sensor network traffic trace and an 802.11b testbed of 195 Star gates, we experimentally compare the performance of LOF with that of existing protocols, represented by the geography-unaware ETX and the geography-based PRD. We find that LOF reduces end-to-end MAC latency by a factor of 3, enhances energy efficiency by a factor up to 2.37, and improves route stability by 2 orders of magnitude.


Silampari Smart City is a mobile application developed by Government of Lubuklinggau City to interact with the public. The application must meet the elements of good eligibility so that people feel comfortable and safe in using tha application. This research will evaluate this mobile application using ISO/IEC 25010:2011 which becomes the basis for evaluating using the Product Quality and Quality-in-Use dimensions. The characteristics used have been adapted for Mobile Applications based on Kuria's research. The results of the study show that the characteristics that became the priority of the stakeholders were Security, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based on characteristic testing, it shows that the application has fulfilled the elements of each characteristic. Based on the user's perspective, both stakeholders and general users show that the application is very feasible in accordance with the characteristics of ISO/IEC 25010:2011.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between conflict and the inhibition of automatic response activation. Fourteen participants selectively responded to the ink color of word stimuli ('left' and 'right'). Task-irrelevant features of the stimuli (presentation location and word meaning) were either congruent or incongruent with the response location. Three stimulus conditions di#ered in terms of their degree of conflict: in the non-conflict condition, both taskirrelevant features were congruent with response location; in the low-conflict condition, word meaning conflicted with response location; and in the high-conflict condition, both word meaning and presentation location conflicted with response location. In the non-conflict condition with facilitation due to automatic correct response activation, reaction times increased as the level of conflict increased in the preceding trial. In the high-conflict condition with automatic error response activation, error rates were lower as the level of conflict increased in the preceding trial. These results indicate that the process of conflict monitoring modulates inhibition due to automatic response activation according to the degree of conflict.


Edward Teller's work on what is now called High Energy Density Physics (HEDP) is not so well known as some of his work in other areas of physics. Yet he made substantial contributions since the 1940s and the models that he developed and the problems that he worked on are still relevant today. In this talk we shall look at two major areas in HEDP with the first treated more historically and the second more with a view to recent work that the author and others have undertaken which perhaps indicates future directions.


Abstract : The Joint Chiefs of Staff established the Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control Systems (JINTACCS) Program for purpose of developing plans for achieving technical compatibility and conducting tests of interoperability and effectiveness for the services' tactical command and control systems supporting joint air, ground, and amphibious exercises during the 1980's. To promote interoperability, the JINTACCS Program has devised standards for the communications messages exchanged between DoD services and agencies, at least during joint operations. It is estimated that 45 different types of USAF operational systems are impacted by the JINTACCS standard for character-oriented messages (COM). The JINTACCS (COM) standard prescribes message types that are complex in format and voluminous in size--messages which are difficult to prepare without some form of automated assistance. Moreover, the JINTACCS standard is expected to undergo substantial revisions at frequent intervals during the foreseeable future. For these reasons, The MITRE Corporation has undertaken the development of a software prototype, the JINTACCS Automated Message Preparation System (JAMPS), in order to demonstrate how a table-driven software design approach can be used to accommodate the JINTACCS message generation requirements in a manner that does not entail recoding each time the standard is updated.


FOR THE COMMUNIST leadership in Hanoi, the year 1975 represented the end of an era. With the victory of communist forces in the South, the military stage of the long struggle for national reunification essentially came to a close. A new phase of the revolution, consisting of the consolidation of political power and the initiation of social and economic reform, was about to begin. The victory of communism in the South thus returned the question of ideology to central focus. During the long years of conflict, the Vietnamese communists had habitually subordinated ideological issues to nationalist themes, the ultimate goal of socialism to the immediate aim of national reunification, a tendency that led some Western observers to speculate on the depth of Hanoi's ideological commitment to Marxist doctrine. At various times, and by various observers, Ho Chi Minh was viewed as more nationalist than communist, or as an "Asian Tito" who could be wooed away from Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy by appropriate policies launched in Paris or Washington. Some have even speculated that had the United States taken a more favorable view of the Vietminh at the close of the war against Japan, Ho and his followers would have abandoned the Marxist road to national development in favor of the American model. Speculation on what might have been is not the point here. Yet with the communist victory in South Vietnam, the question of ideological commitment assumes major importance in assessing the future policies of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). With national reunification virtually achieved, what role will ideology play in the nation-building effort to come? Will Vietnamese communism follow the Soviet pattern, or the Chinese? Or will Hanoi strike out on a brand of national communism all its own? Will the titanic struggle over ideology and national development which we have observed in China be repeated in Hanoi? Or will ideological issues be subordinated to


Keith Windschuttle has presented The Fabrication of Aboriginal History as 'the most exhaustive study that's ever been done'.1 Yet within its pages are many examples of errors and misrepresentations that cast doubt on his management of colonial source material. One conspicuous blunder is in his treatment of the Risdon Cove massacre of May 1804.2 The shooting was certainly mass murder even Windschuttle concedes three Aborigines were killed. An eyewitness, Edward White, informed the 1830s Aborigines Committee that 'a great many' Aborigines were killed, and the attack was unprovoked. Windschuttle discredits White, saying the man was working at a creek below the settlement and could not have seen the shootings. Either Windschuttle did not read White's statement properly or he misleads his readers, for White's account continues: 'the soldiers came down from their own camp to the creek to attack the Natives'.3 White also claimed that Surgeon Mountgarret packed bones in barrels and sent them to Port Jackson, which Windschuttle disputes, saying that White, a convict, could not have had any direct knowledge of the behaviour of a member of the colonial elite. This is laughable. Risdon Cove was a tiny outpost that relied on convict labourers who were perfectly placed to observe the activities of their masters. There is no reason to doubt White's recollection or to pour scorn on those who tell the story today. This article challenges Windschuttle's self image as a purveyor of 'truth', by forensically examining another of his misrepresentations that the Black War of 1824-31 is a misnomer. Windschuttle claims it was not a war but a 'crime spree' begun by Musquito, the Sydney Aborigine who joined ranks with the Oyster Bay people of Tasmania. Windschuttle's depiction of Musquito reveals the shallowness of his research. The notion that Musquito led the Tasmanians into aggression, and consequent denial of their agency in the conflict, dates from Governor Arthur's time. In replicating this narrative Windschuttle obscures significant information to present Musquito as a criminal antagonist because he sees the Tasmanian people as primitive degenerates who were incapable of political organisation, and who were not fighting for their land, but engaging in 'senseless violence'.4 This essay will present the known details of Musquito's life in a more complex light. While Musquito was a skilled fighter, his involvement in Tasmanian hostilities lasted only seven months, and only a few of the attacks that occurred within that period can possibly be associated with Musquito. 'The guerrilla warfare thesis' is the name given by Windschuttle to the view, shared by most contemporary historians, that the Aboriginal violence that broke out in 1824 and continued into the 1830s was a concerted campaign against the colonists. In chapters three and four Windschuttle attributes the outbreak of hostilities to the work of a band of 'detribalised' or 'Europeanised' Aborigines, who were 'simply outlaws', engaged in a 'minor crime wave'. At the head of this band of


The increasing of Covid-19 pandemic has hampered people's activities, often causing stress if they are only stay at home continuously. This has led to an increasing trend of staycations or holiday activities in the city itself by renting a hotel. Hotel rental technology has begun to be transferred with the existence of OTA (Online Travel Agent). The existence of various kinds of hotels with various kinds of facilities that makes people feel confused in choosing which hotel to occupy. To help overcome this, the researchers tried to create a recommendation system to help prospective hotel residents choose the hotel according to their choice. In addition, it can also assist companies in increasing hotel room reservations through its website. In this study, researchers will build a hotel recommendation system in Yogyakarta at one of the OTAs in Indonesia using Content-Based Filtering Methods, weighting text data using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) Methods and measuring document similarity using Cosine Similarity Methods. Based on the results of the Good Karma Yogyakarta hotel recommendations as a test example, 10 similar hotels were obtained, namely Happy Buddha Yogyakarta – Hostel, Nextdoor Homestay, Hotel Puspita, OYO 426 Hotel Gading Resto, Omah Jegog Homestay, Prawirotaman Homestay, RedDoorz near Prawirotaman, Ayodhya Garden Hostel Yogyakarta by HOM, Bringin House Yogyakarta, and House 24 Yogyakarta with cosine similarity values 0.956666513, 0.946570717, 0.917459394, 0.912534877, 0.886439718, 0.88221982, 0.881775275, 0.875845794, 0.872030219, and 0.871514859.


In this paper, the study of fractional order partial differential equations is made by using the reliable algorithm of the new iterative method (NIM). The fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo sense whose order belongs to the closed interval [0,1]. The proposed method is directly extended to study the fractional-order Roseau-Hyman and fractional order inhomogeneous partial differential equations without any transformation to convert the given problem into integer order. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Laplace Variational Iteration Method (LVIM) and the Laplace Adominan Decomposition Method (LADM). The results obtained by NIM, show higher accuracy than HPM, LVIM and LADM. The accuracy of the proposed method improves by taking more iterations.


Habitat management for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in southeastern British Columbia has generally focussed on protecting old-growth forests from logging. As that strategy becomes more difficult to maintain, biologists are beginning to explore opportunities to manage second-growth stands to provide arboreal lichens and other habitat resources important to caribou. Special harvesting and stand management practices are being developed and formulated into strategies for maintaining caribou populations in managed stands.


In this paper a 4.5 kW 6 pole permanent magnet motor with buried magnets is reviewed. The design and the control process of such permanent magnet motors depend on the parameter of the machine especially of its direction-dependent inductances. In order to get robust rotor position detection by a test signal the inductance of the d-axis and the inductance of the q-axis must be have a remarkable great difference. Besides the control of the permanent magnet motor, such a rotor design increases the torque of the machine remarkable by the additional produced reluctance torque. Therefore a new oriented stator current vector is used for the control because the load angle changes. A robust machine behavior with an increased torque mainly depends on the design of the flux barriers between the rotor magnets and the rotor surface.


My bachelor´s work focuses on the occurance of physical and mental pressure of nursing. My thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part I concentrate on brief definitions of the terms: pressure or stress and burn - out syndrome. I describe different kinds of stress, working stress, its symptoms and results. In the empirical part I present results of my research. My goal was to find out the dominant stressor in the work of nurses. I make quantitative research and qualitative research. I work with interviews, they serve primarily as an illustration of the obtained data.


This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel, dose‐escalation study to assess the pharmacokinetics, platelet response, safety, and tolerability of supratherapeutic doses of eltrombopag (100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg once daily) administered for 5 days to 33 healthy adult volunteers. Plasma eltrombopag concentrations accumulated between days 1 and 5, with average increases of 66% to 81% for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to the end of the 24‐hour dosing interval (AUC0‐τ) and 32% to 45% for maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) across doses. After 5 days of dosing, AUC0‐τ was dose‐proportional and Cmax was less than dose‐proportional over eltrombopag 100 to 200 mg with slope estimates (90% confidence intervals) of 0.92 (0.45‐1.39) and 0.76 (0.29‐1.22), respectively. Platelet counts peaked at day 14, and maximum change from baseline platelet count increased dose‐dependently, with mean platelet count increases of 14, 67, 107, and 150 Gi/L for placebo and eltrombopag 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg, respectively. There was no notable difference in day 14 mean platelet aggregation between eltrombopag (59 to 74%) and placebo (67%), although this was not tested statistically. There was no notable difference in adverse event frequency across eltrombopag doses. Eltrombopag pharmacokinetics and platelet response were dose‐dependent, and doses up to 200 mg/d were well tolerated, with safety profiles similar to placebo.


The current study addresses the question whether the level of proficiency of teachers who teach a "non-native" language, English, affects their attitudes, motivation, well-being and self-reported classroom practices. This quantitative study is based on a cross-sectional research design in order to investigate the relationship between the actual English proficiency of 376 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers from around the world who learned English as a foreign language and their sense of self-efficacy in the EFL classroom. Statistical analyses showed that more proficient teachers scored higher on the dimensions "Classroom practice" and "Attitudes toward students and institution". They were also more motivated and happier. Intermediate (B1-B2) teachers scored significantly lower on these measures than EFL educators with Advanced proficiency (C1-C2). No significant differences emerged between teachers at Lower advanced (C1) and Upper advanced levels (C2). An argument is made that all dependent and independent variables are connected, highly dynamic and interacting directly and indirectly, which means that causality is multi-directional. The implication is that educational authorities should organise regular in-service training to maintain and boost teachers' proficiency because investing in teachers' linguistic skills represents a long-term investment in their emotional well-being and will ultimately benefit their students.


To investigate the effect of water flow stimulation on swimming performance and metabolism of juveniles Zacco platypus,60 fish were randomly divided into either treatment group(water flow group)and control group(hydrostatic group)and reared under prescribed condition for six weeks at(20±1.0)℃,respectively.Then,the critical swimming speed(Ucrit),optimal swimming speed(Uopt),resting metabolic rate(RMR),active metabolic rate(AMR),metabolic rate(MR)and cost of transport(COT)at any given swimming speed were measured.RMR were(153.72±7.41)mgO2·kg-1·h-1 and(197.85±8.00)mgO2·kg-1·h-1while Ucritwere(62.90±2.84)cm·s-1 and(75.50±4.27)cm·s-1 in control and treatment group,with those of the control group were significantly lower than the treatment group(p0.05).However,there was no significant difference in AMRbetween two groups.Fish in control group showed significantly higher MRat any given swimming speed.Furthermore,fish in control group also showed significantly higher COT when swam under low swimming speed(p0.05),but the difference decreased at high swimming speed(p0.05).The calculated Uoptvalues based on COTcurve were 54.00cm·s-1 and 44.00cm·s-1,respectively in control and treatment groups.The present study showed that continuous water stimulation improved swimming ability of experimental fish significantly partly due to improved swimming efficiency with the cost of higher maintenance energy expenditure.


This map has been superseded by USGS Open-File Report 97-852. This database of the Rifle 7.5 minute quadrangle, Garfield county, Colorado originally released as U.S Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-52, has been updated to include a digitized database. This geologic map was prepared as part of a study of digital methods and techniques as applied to complex geologic maps.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now routinely used to treat patients with cancers and other disorders of the blood and immune systems. Allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) is limited by acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a significant cause of post-transplant morbidity and mortality. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used as the basis of most immuno-suppressive regimens for the prevention of aGVHD, but is limited by side effects at high doses. High plasma concentrations are normally needed to ensure allograft survival in episodes of acute rejection. Therefore, new drugs or treatment strategies are needed. Our objective was to investigate the effect of sinomenine (SIN), a pure alkaloid from the plant Sinomenium acutum Rehd.et Wils, in combination with subtherapeutic dose of CsA on aGVHD in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). We used a MHC-mismatched allo-BMT mouse model (H-2banti H-2d). Injection of lethally irradiated BALB/C (H-2d) mice with C57BL/6(H-2b) spleen and bone marrow cells induces severe aGVHD resulting in death within 2-3 weeks. To prevent aGVHD, recipients were randomly divided into 5 groups and given CsA and SIN alone or in combination. Subtherapeutic SIN (25 mg/kg, group A) or CsA (5 mg/kg, group B) alone could not prolong the mean survival time (MST) of recipients after transplantation (MST 15.9 days for SIN and 16.0 days for CsA, P>0.05). By contrast, combined therapy (SIN 25 mg/kg with CsA 5 mg/kg, group C) demonstrated synergistic effect resulting in significant prolongation of MST (44.4 days, P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3498. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3498


— Risk response planning is of importance for software project risk management (SPRM). In CMMI, risk management was in the third capability maturity level, which provides a framework for software project risk identification, assessment, risk planning, risk control. However, the CMMI-based SPRM currently lacks quantitative supporting tools, especially during the process of implementing software project risk planning. In this paper, an economic optimization model for selecting risk reduction actions in the phase of software project risk response planning is presented. Furthermore, an example taken from a Chinese software industry is illustrated to verify the application of this method. The research provides a risk decision method for project risk managers that can be used in the implementation of CMMI-based SPRM.


This paper investigates the existence of arbitrage between index linked bonds and conventional ones. Then in a second part we move to study empirically the long-run equilibrium relationship among two French bonds yields (The OAT yields and OATi ). In practice we estimated different VAR-based cointegration tests using the methodology developed in Johansen (1991, 1995). We also move to discuss the presence of a structural break due to the subprime crisis. So, we can reach two main results: First, the cointegration test indicates the existence of a long run relationship between the OAT and OATi return, and then the co-movement of this latter is confirmed, a result which I believe to be important to understand the bond market's mechanism. Second, the structural break test shows the presence of structural change in the relation between the two types of bonds. This structural break is due to an increase of volatility in the OAT and OATi returns in the subprime crisis period.


Abstract : A primary objective of this study was to develop and apply a newly conceived, generalized technique for adaptive array reference function generation to a large class of systems having no null steering AJ protection. Because the reference function generation technique, referred to here as a correlation discriminant operator or signal recognizer, does not depend upon filtering unwanted noise, it can be orders of magnitude faster than conventional reference function generation approaches. Thus a correlation discriminant operator facilitates the realization of a fast adaptive signal-to-noise ratio maximizing algorithm even in the case of narrowband desired signals having narrowband a priori discriminants. In addition, the correlation discriminant operator enables an algorithm to achieve optimum expected value adaptation transients and steady-state solutions.


We examine in detail the suggestion of Iqbal {ital et} {ital al}. for calculating the class-four charge symmetry breaking amplitude in {ital n}-{ital p} scattering. By simplifying to a model problem, we show explicitly that the approximation scheme is unreliable if a phenomenological, effective nucleon-nucleon {ital T} matrix is used. Our results have wider implications for observables calculated in relativistic impulse approximation calculations. They reinforce the observation made in the literature that the procedure of fitting only positive energy matrix elements can lead to an {ital NN} interaction whose off-shell behavior is incorrect.


The paper probes into the main source of the risk of virtual logistics organizations, gives out its evaluating method and puts out the countermeasures of risk schedule.


One of the most perplexing discoveries from COVID-19 pandemic was the office building overall energy consumption failing to appreciably drop once staff began working from home. Also, we are witnessing an exponential growing of IoT ecosystem but most of them have been implemented for personal usage rather in an enterprise environment. The big challenge in installing a large-scale IoT ecosystem at enterprise level resides on costs, the selection of proper devices, and the management of these devices and users.NOSIoT NFC-based solution consists of a simple mobile application that will read an NFC tag in a specific workstation. The communication and management are performed through Home Assistant. All the information is stored into a database to calculate the energy consumed by each workstation.The solution provides an innovative approach for enterprise level, delivering a low-cost end-to-end flow with high flexibility, and easy "Tap&Go". This allows companies to be more climate-friendly and positively contribute for green buildings.


A single stage LED driver for street-lighting application with power-factor-correction is proposed in this paper. The presented driver is the integration of PFC boost which operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and push-pull dc-dc converter. Both the active switches can turn on with ZVS, which results in lower switching losses. Asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation control scheme is used to control the converter under constant switching frequency operation. The proposed single-stage converter has the features of cost-effectiveness, simple structure, high power factor, low input current ripples and minimum component count.


The samples were extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.Using Te128 as the internal standard,the iodine contents in dairy products were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Detection limit of the method is 0.09 μg·L-1,while the linear range is 0—400 μg·L-1 and the linear coefficient(r) is better than 0.999 5.The precision of the method(RSD%) are all less than 5%.Precision and accuracy are evaluated by analysis of certified reference materials NIST 1549 non-fat milk powder.The determined iodine contents were in good agreement with the certified values.The recoveries of real samples are from 89.3%to 116.5%.The experiments show that this method is sensitive,simple and rapid,and accurate for the determination of iodine contents in dairy products.


In studying the modifying effects of space flight factors on radiosensitivity of various physiological systems of the body, of definite interest is the reaction of critical organs, in particular the testes, which have a high degree of heterogenic sensitivity of spermatogenic epithelium. Impairment of proliferative activity of testicular epithelium is largely related to the radiovulnerability of cells of the stem type, spermatogonia. In determining the modifying effects of weightlessness and other factors of space flights, it is necessary to compare the cytological state and quantitative evaluation of the incidence of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa in order to determine the possible injury to specific stages of spectrogenesis, depending on the radiation doses during space flights and in ground-based model experiments. The effects of radiation under weightless conditions on the reproductive glands of 30 male Wistar rats flown aboard Kosmos-690 and submitted to prolonged ..gamma.. radiation on the 10th day of the flight were investigated.


Attendance at face‐to‐face sessions and completion of online components of the National Prescribing Curriculum was made compulsory for final year medical students at the University of Adelaide in 2010.


Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. While GDM usually resolves following delivery, it can have long-lasting health consequences, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the mother, and future obesity, CVD, T2DM, and/or GDM in the child. This contributes to a vicious intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes that impacts the health of the population as a whole.
 Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is expressed predominantly in the liver, but also in other metabolically active tissues such as pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. An elevated FGF21 level is also an independent predictor of T2DM. GDM and T2DM are proposed to have similar underlying pathophysiologies, raising the question of whether a similar relationship exists between FGF21 and GDM as it does with T2DM.

 assess the role of Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) as a prognostic marker for maternal and fetal complications in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

 A case control study that was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 50 control subjects at Diabetes and Obstetrics outpatient clinic and inpatient ward at Ain Shams university hospitals in the period between December 2018 and July 2019. Patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24-28 weeks of gestation were included in this study.

 FGF 21 levels varied significantly with blood sugar values where higher levels of FGF 21 levels were found in patients with GDM with study results showing that FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for GDM at levels above 121 pg/ml with sensitivity 84% and specificity 92%.

 FGF 21 can be used as a diagnostic marker for gestational diabetes. Further studies needed for better correlation between FGF 21 levels during pregnancy and maternal outcome.


Lewis Cohen, co-founder of DLx Law, discusses the Financial Action Task Force's draft revised guidance on the recommended risk-based approach applicable to entities engaging in activities involving virtual assets


Intrusion Detection System is software or hardware that checks a network for malicious activities. Each illegal activity is often recorded either centrally using a Security information and event management (SIEM) system or notified to an administration. This paper proposes an intrusion detection system using machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, random forests and explainable AI (XAI) using a real-world Software-Defined Networking (SDN) dataset. The evaluation includes various intrusion scenarios like network scanning, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and unauthorized access attempts. Random Forest exhibits the best performance, achieving an average training accuracy of 99.23%, while the decision tree achieves 98.78% accuracy. The result of this study contributes to the advancement of intrusion detection systems and fosters the development of resilient security solutions in the realm of SDN. The research highlights the importance of leveraging ML algorithms in effectively identifying and mitigating network intrusions, ultimately enhancing the security of SDN environments.


Objective: Since 1980's intervention measures against environmental risk factors have been performed to prevent and control the occurrence of HCC. The major measures include drinking water quality control, improvement of food store and HBV prevention. We focus on the study of the trend of the mortality of the HCC in Haimen was to random or due to the intervention measures. Methods:the non-parameter test method was used to test the stability of the time series of the mortality data. ARIMA models were fixed and the test of the significance of the linear trend were performed using ASTSA for Windows and the SPSS10.0 software. Result: the mortality in Haimen has been fluctuated from 33.18/100 000 to 74.66/100 000 since 1969.The mortality of HCC increased at an average speed of 4.04%,3.66%,and -2.30%during 1969~1979,1979~1989,and 1989~2001,respectively.It showed that the time series of the HCC mortality during 1969~2001 in Haimen was unstable. The decreasing trend of HCC after 1990 was significant.Conelusion: The combined interventions measures were valuable to prevent HCC.


A mobile agent has become a competent software nowadays because of its significant abilities. It can roam freely in different Internet environments, adapt itself to various types of online servers totally associated to the characteristics of said server, and detect its environment and automatic adaptation to the environment while executing the assigned tasks by users. Due to these competencies, mobile agents have been widely used in Internet business, wireless communications, information security technologies and so forth. In 1983, Akl and Taylor suggested the concept of super-key to resolve the key management issues. It's the kind of thing where a mobile agent faces. Thus in 1998, Volker and Mehrdad proposed a tree-based mobile agent model to deal with the access control problem. The proposed scheme is based upon Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC), which enhances the operational ability of a mobile agent because of shorter key length and higher efficiency on encryption and decryption processes. For a mobile agent, a said user will be forced to log out of the system due to error or change in the user's rights or after a period of time. As is the case, the system must keep modifying the original access rights of the key so as to prevent a user from continuing to use his old key. However, this action could cause unnecessary error and risks, in addition to the large amount of computations that the system needs to perform. Hence, this paper proposes a Date-constraint key management scheme, where a date is attached to a key, so as to give its validity period of the key. Thus, key management can be more efficient. Keywords—Access Control, Key Management, Mobile Agent, Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem, Date-constraint Key Management


This paper introduces the design theq and utilizing methed of the contour feature point locating meter, and also the measures to reduce or correc the errors


74th Annual Meeting – 1977 American Society for Horticultural Science Salt Lake City, Utah
Tours: October 10–11
Program: October 11–15


"The Perceptive Gaze. Theatricality in Rut Hillarp's Blodförmörkelse"
This paper provides an analytical study of the self-dramatization of the female subject in Rut Hillarp's 1951 novel Blodförmörkelse (Blood Eclipse) with a focus on theatricality as the foundation of the woman's relationship with the world around her. With her male counterpart as the muse – the idealized object – the woman is the creator and work of her own story, an actress on her own stage, and through her conscious staging of reality she reintroduces certain social constructs as arbitrary. Building on previous literature on the novel, the author examines the evolution of the woman's sense of selfhood using Stanley Cavell's notion of theatricality and Adriana Caverero's theory of the narratable self. Furthermore, the woman's theatricalization of being itself, where being appears as an act of self-representation that must be recognized by the other, is explored. Finally, by discussing how this is expressed in relation to the woman's perception of self and the other, the role of theatricality in the woman's journey through the inner unknown to the interpersonal is illustrated. Forever the other, the woman becomes a stranger – even in relation to herself.


This study was carried out to establish the management plan by surveying and analyzing the environmental and ecological characteristics of Milletia japonica habitat, Mt. Moak, Jeonbuk, Korea. The habitats were located in the edges of trails and valleys. The flora were summarized as 123 taxa including 56 families, 95 genera, 110 species, 10 varieties and 3 forms. The rare plant was 1 taxa including Milletia japonica, and Philadelphus shcrenckii and Weigela subsessilis of Korean endemic plants. The specific plants by floristic region were 10 taxa including Morus cathayana, Orixa japonica, Asparagus cochinchinensis and so forth. The present conditions of communities were 6 types including Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, Celtis sinensis, P. rigida, Castanea crenata and Larix kaempferi. The vegetation change is considered a evergreen coniferous forest in the a deciduous forest. In the results of analyzing the diversity index, H′ was from 2.106 to 3.154, from 2.565 to 3.584 in H′max, from 0.821 to 0.895 in J′ and from 0.105 to 0.179 in D. In the results of analysing the soil environments, there showed that acidity was pH 4.69, 0.33 dS m -1 of electrical conductivity(EC), 15.44 mg kg -1 of available P₂O₅, 41.80% of organic matter content, 0.11 cmol + kg -1 of exchangeable K+, 1.91 cmol+ kg -1 of exchangeable Ca 2+ , 0.40 cmol + kg -1 of exchangeable Mg 2+ . According to the analysis of the surrounding environment and characteristics of the community in Mt. Moak, Jeonbuk, four disturbance types were discovered, such as the fragmentation of habitats due to trails, shrinking of habitats due to the expansion of Camellia sinensis cultivation, the destruction of habitats due to artificial plant planing, and removal of Milletia japonica due to the refinement of woodlands.


Relation Extraction (RE) is a task that identifies relationships between entities in a text, enabling the acquisition of relational facts and bridging the gap between natural language and structured knowledge. However, current RE models often rely on small datasets with low coverage of relation types, particularly when working with languages other than English.In this paper, we address the above issue and provide two new resources that enable the training and evaluation of multilingual RE systems.First, we present SREDFM, an automatically annotated dataset covering 18 languages, 400 relation types, 13 entity types, totaling more than 40 million triplet instances. Second, we propose REDFM, a smaller, human-revised dataset for seven languages that allows for the evaluation of multilingual RE systems. To demonstrate the utility of these novel datasets, we experiment with the first end-to-end multilingual RE model, mREBEL, that extracts triplets, including entity types, in multiple languages. We release our resources and model checkpoints at [https://www.github.com/babelscape/rebel](https://www.github.com/babelscape/rebel).


In this paper, we formulate a single-period portfolio choice problem with parameter uncertainty in the framework of relative regret. Relative regret evaluates a portfolio by comparing its return to a family of benchmarks, where the benchmarks are the wealths of fictitious investors who invest optimally given knowledge of the model parameters, and is a natural objective when there is concern about parameter uncertainty or model ambiguity. The optimal relative regret portfolio is the one that performs well in relation to all the benchmarks over the family of possible parameter values. We analyze this problem using convex duality and show that it is equivalent to a Bayesian problem, where the Lagrange multipliers play the role of the prior distribution, and the learning model involves Bayesian updating of these Lagrange multipliers/prior. This Bayesian problem is unusual in that the prior distribution is endogenously chosen by solving the dual optimization problem for the Lagrange multipliers, and the objective function involves the family of benchmarks from the relative regret problem. These results show that regret is a natural means by which robust decision making and learning can be combined.

This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.


The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993 was legislated in the United States to, among other things, hold Federal agencies accountable for achieving program results, and through systematic program evaluations to improve Congressional decision making. Two technologies funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that are related to improved fuel efficiency in new heavy-duty diesel trucks are studied in this paper—laser diagnostics and optical engine technologies, and combustion modeling. Based on DOE cost data, and benefit data derived from field-based interviews, economic evaluation metrics are calculated. They suggest that DOE's investments in these two technologies have been socially valuable.


Optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were utilized to characterize silicon ribbon structure. Complex twin formation was observed in nearly all ribbons examined. Twins formed in the 110-plane 112-line ribbon orientation appear stable, and this orientation may be preferable when the ribbon is utilized for solar cells. In addition to twinning, grain boundaries and other structural defects were observed in the ribbon material. Hall effect, resistivity, spreading resistance, surface photovoltage, and solar cell electrical/optical measurements were performed on ribbon samples and correlated with structural and ribbon growth characteristics. Only those ribbon samples with either single-crystal structure or with 'parallel' twin formations were capable of solar-cell performance approaching that of Czochralski material.


A new technique of measuring the ζ-potential of cellulose fibers, in which stream current potential measurements are carried out over a range of solid concentrations on a single pad, is described. In employing the stream potential method it is necessary to measure the d-c. resistance of the pad, since a pronounced dispersion effect yields a-c. resistance values which are in considerable error. Reversible electrodes must therefore be used and since stream current measurements can then be carried out, this simpler method is preferred. Degrees of swelling calculated from the stream data are consistently higher than those calculated from permeability measurements. This discrepancy indicates a serious limitation of the conventional electrokinetic theory when applied to swollen cellulose. A model of the fiber–liquid interface, consisting of partially dissolved electrically charged cellulose chains accounting for the observed discrepancy, is discussed. If this model is applicable, the physical significance of th...


The past decade has witnessed a staggering increase in the number of refugees in Africa; from 1.5 millions in 1969, their numbers have today risen to more than 5 million—that is, of the 10 mlliion refugees in the world, 5 millions are African. Even more alarming is the fact that the number of refugees in Africa is now greater than the populations of very many African countries. They criss-cross the entire continent and there is not a single country in Africa which has not been affected by the refugee problem. And always behind the flight of these peoples is the spectre of injustice and strife, of racial persecution or civil war—all violations of human rights. The first major group of African refugees arose as a result of national liberation struggles; thousands were dispersed to the neighbouring countries. While the National Liberation Front of Algeria (FLN) fought for the country's independence (beginning 1956), many women and children waited in refugee camps in Tunisia and Morocco. Thereafter, fortunately, most of sub-Saharan Africa obtained independence peacefully, but as the waves of independence struck the strongholds of settler and white dominated southern Africa, the travails of refugees emerged once more. Massive movements of people accompanied the strife in Angola, Mozambique, as well as Guinea Bissau. Thereafter, there was a stream of refugees from South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe. Meanwhile, because of internal conflicts, Africa was having its own refugee problems. Some of the most serious ones arose out of the inter-ethnic clashes in Burundi and Rwanda, with the Tutsi fleeing Rwanda and the Hutu escaping Burundi. Then the civil war in Zaire (formerly Belgian Congo) occurred in different places at different times (1960–65 and then again in March 1977–78), and has still not completely subsided. Similar is the case of Chad; the civil war in the country, which has recurred time and again, has sent large numbers of refugees fleeing to the Cameroons. Again the 20 year civil war in Sudan caused much of its southern population to scatter to the surrounding countries and as they were returning home, Sudan started receiving Ethiopian refugees from 1967—first from Eritrea, then other parts of Ethiopia. The warfare in Ogaden, the defeat of the Somalia Army by Soviet-armed and Cuban-reinforced. Ethiopian forces in 1977–78, left Ethiopia, Somalia and Djibouti with large displaced populations. Large sections of the populations of Guinea, Equatorial Guinea and Uganda were forced to seek exile because of harsh rule in their countries. New waves of refugees—millions of men, women and children—came out from Nigeria following the civil war in that country. Finally, the other important category of refugee that the continent cannot ignore are the "economic" refugees—people who leave their home simply because they cannot eke out a living or are escaping starvation due to the recent droughts. This last category usually pass unnoticed as long as the host countries accept them. Nevertheless, when sent back to their own countries, as Ghana and Uganda did and most other countries would ultimately do, they have difficult problems of integration. Keeping in mind this conceptual heterogeneity of the refugees in Africa, an attempt is made to analyze three types of problems and their combinations which cause refugee migrations in sub-Saharan Africa. For this purpose, sub-Saharan Africa may be divided into three parts—Southern Africa, that is the frontline states; Tropical Black Africa and states neighbouring the Sahara. For further analysis, the cause for which people seek refuge may be characterized as: 1. Domestic instability arising out of tribal issue conflicts and apartheid; 2. Border clashes, again resulting out of tribal rivaries and apartheid; 3. Foreign intervention towards preserving domestic clientele.


In the following pages it is proposed to develop ab initio a theory of periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems of differential equations. Such solutions are of theoretical importance for the following reason: that whereas the attempt to obtain, for a real Hamiltonian system, solutions valid for all real values of the independent variable leads in general to divergent series, for certain solutions which are formally periodic the series can be proved convergent. In the words of Poincare, "ce qui nous rend ces solutions periodiques si precieuses, c'est qu'elles sont, pour ainsi dire, la seule breche parou nous puissions essayer de penetrer dans une place jusqu'ici reputee inabordable. The existing theory of periodic solutions of differential equations was developed by Poincare mainly with reference to the equations of Celestial Mechanics. With a suitable choice of co-ordinates these are of the Hamiltonian form.


This article brings together the findings of a research project carried out on the structure of Mathematics textbooks for Compulsory Secondary Education.The study is focused on the didactic units that deal with chance as a topic of special relevance for the current education of the students, and with significant problems when planning its teaching.The methodology followed in the investigation is the analysis of the content of a sample from four publishing houses. The textbooks of four education levels and the two options in the 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education are analysed for each publishing house.
The study provides information on the different elements that characterize the structure of a didactic unit. First, the presentation of the unit, which includes the analysis of its aims and contents, as well as the activities to motivate, explore or assess students' previous knowledge. Second, the development of the unit, which includes how to organize and arrange in sequence the contents and the structure of the discourse determined by the different ways of presenting the theoretical notions and activities. Finally, the end of the unit, which includes the study of the different types of activities to consolidate and evaluate the contents learned, together with a brief summary.
Besides, the contrast with the theoretical framework differentiates two possible didactic trends that underlie this structure


I review recent results and unsolved problems concerning the hard-core lattice gas and the q-coloring model (antiferromagnetic Potts model at zero temperature). For each model, I consider its equilibrium properties (uniqueness/nonuniqueness of the infinite-volume Gibbs measure, complex zeros of the partition function) and the dynamics of local and nonlocal Monte Carlo algorithms (ergodicity, rapid mixing, mixing at complex fugacity). These problems touch on mathematical physics, probability, combinatorics and theoretical computer science.


ABSTRACT Growing energy consumption together with the problem of increasing CO2 emissions are widely viewed as critical factors for achieving global sustainability. The Green Building Council has estimated that 39% of CO2 emissions come from buildings and that this percentage is increasing. While much of home energy consumption is related to heating and cooling there is little research on how consumers manage the temperature in their homes. This study examines residential consumer perceptions regarding thermal comfort with the objective of gaining insights on how to reduce energy consumption for heating or cooling homes. Thus, we would gain insights for achieving a more sustainable approach for energy consumption while considering ecological, economic, and social aspects.


Build-up column is a steel structure composed of two I-beam steel joined with steel plate or angles as the lacings of the column. The build-up column is one of the main load carrying members among all the other structural components of a building. Since the build-up column is assembled manually at the construction site, there might have some error in the section and orientation of the lacings assembled which will affect the performance of the build-up column. The main objectives of this study the effect of the different section and orientation of steel elements on build-up column in terms of buckling and stress distribution. Finite Element Analysis of Ansys 12.0 software is used to design the ten model of the build-up column. In order to study the effect of section of lacings, steel plate and L-angles are used. Besides that, to study the effect of orientation of the lacings, inclination angles of 40° , 45°, 50° , 55 ° and 60° are used. Based on the results, orientation of the steel lacings influenced the stress distribution of the due to the load. The greater the inclination angle the smaller the stress builds up on the lacings. Thus, the build-up column is more stable


The influence of processing factors on phase composition,microstructure and piezoelectric properties of [(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.82(K0.5Bi0.5)0.18]1-xLaxTiO3(x=0~0.1) system lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were investigated by XRD,SEM and other analytic methods. It shows that increasing synthetic temperature to 870 ~ 900℃ is useful to formation of main crystalline phase,and high compact ceramics samples are obtained sintered at 1 130℃. After studied on the effects of polarizing factors on the piezoelectric properties in the system,it shows that polarizing temperature range over 80~100℃ and 4 MV/m polarizing electric field are appropriate for gaining better piezoelectric properties.


The method of determination of the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of the main components of essential oil of the active pharmaceutical ingredients of "Apised" capsules with the sedative action, namely the medicinal plant raw material (the herb of garden balm, the cones of hop, inflorescences of spike lavender) and the standardized substance of natural powdered honey has been developed by gas chromatography. As essential oils are the complex natural matrix, which contains substances with a diverse chemical structure substantially differing by their physical and chemical properties, the method of tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry in the variant of the equilibrium vapour phase analysis has been applied for identification and quantitative determination of terpenoids in the medicinal plant raw material and in the medicine developed; it allows to divide additionally the substances to be analyzed depending on their polarity and lipophilic and hydrophilic properties. The chromatographing was carried out using a Saturn 2000 gas-liquid chromatograph (Varian Corp., USА) equipped with a mass-detector by the type of ion trap. Identification of components was performed by comparing the complete mass-spectra of the samples under research with the appropriate information of the NIST mass-spectrometric data library (150000 mass-spectra), as well as by the linear retention indexes calculated separately for each component using the AMDIS programme. For quantitative determination of the terpenoid composition of essential oils the internal normalization method was applied to the chromatograms obtained and the content for each component was determined in percents. Six main components have been detected in essential oil of the apiphytomedicine developed, among them four compounds identified – myrcene (54.17%), 1,8-cineole (14.94%), linalool (9.16%) and borneol (9.05%) – are prevalent. The percentage of the compounds identified is 87.32%. The percentage of the main terpenoid compounds in the apiphytomedicine "Apised" developed correlates with its composition well. The dominant essential oil component of the apiphytomedicine developed is myrcene, which presence stipulates a high general tonic and sedative action, clarifies consciousness, assists in attention concentration, increases and restores nerves. With using the tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry the method developed gives the possibility to identify the components of essential oil regardless of the way of medicinal plant raw material obtaining and its origin, as well as to determine their quantitative content in percents with the help of the internal normalization method; it allows to carry out standardization of the terpenoid composition of essential oils of the medicine developed – "Apised" capsules by the method suggested. Currently, medicines of the natural origin, which show the wide range of pharmacological action and are more accessible and safer for public health, become increasingly topical [10, 11, 20, 27]. In recent years scientific investigations related to the study of the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the medicinal plant raw material (MPRM) have achieved considerable successes, and it, in its turn, made possible to expand the assortment of multicomponent phytomedicines at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine [6].


Wideband spectrum sensing is a challenging task in wideband cognitive radio networks. It needs to be efficient, robust and fast. However, there are many challenges facing sensing in wideband spectrum. One of these challenges is Nyquist sampling rate bottleneck which required high speed DSP and large storage spaces. Compressive sensing is a pioneer solution for wideband spectrum sensing which have proved sampling below Nyquist criterion. In this paper, we provide mathematical expression that computes the number of measurements required for compressed detection exploiting DCT as sensing matrix. The simulation results show that the accuracy of detection for certain number measurements is similar to the results obtained by compressed measurements based spectrum sensing for wideband cognitive radio systems with small relative error. The comparison is based on term of probability of detection versus compression ratios.


Aqualectra, formerly known as Kodela, is Curacao's utility responsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of water and electricity. Aqualectra has about 60,000 customers. Each year some 16,000 household and business customers are disconnected at least once, but often on numerous occasions, because of late payment of bills.


This paper presents a study of directionality in word-class changing affixation. Specifically, it addresses the various semantic criteria proposed in Marchand (1964) for directionality in conversion as applied to a sample of affixation in English. The semantic criteria by Marchand have frequently been pointed out in the literature but have not been studied in detail in either conversion or affixa-tion. The aim is to determine whether these criteria are applicable in overt affixation, where directionality does not seem to pose a problem (because, unless back-formation is attested, the affix signals the directionality of the process), or whether the criteria fail to apply even to these cases.


We report the non-thermal pressure fraction (Pnt/Ptot) obtained from a three-dimensional triaxial analysis of 16 galaxy clusters in the CLASH sample using gravitational lensing (GL) data primarily from Subaru and HST, X-ray spectroscopic imaging from Chandra, and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) data from Planck and Bolocam. Our results span the approximate radial range 0.015–0.4 R200m (∼35–1000 kpc). At cluster-centric radii smaller than 0.1 R200m the ensemble average Pnt/Ptot is consistent with zero with an upper limit of 9 per cent, indicating that heating from active galactic nuclei and other relevant processes does not produce significant deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium (HSE). The ensemble average Pnt/Ptot increases outside of this radius to approximately 20 per cent at 0.4 R200m, as expected from simulations, due to newly accreted material thermalizing via a series of shocks. Also in agreement with simulations, we find significant cluster-to-cluster variation in Pnt/Ptot and little difference in the ensemble average Pnt/Ptot based on dynamical state. We conclude that on average, even for diverse samples, HSE-derived masses in the very central regions of galaxy clusters require only modest corrections due to non-thermal motions.


The invaluable use of ethnography in researching educational settings has been demonstrated through many studies and furthered by many passionate researchers. One of such leading lights is Geoffrey Walford. In this paper, Walford's discussion of groups in two public schools, as depicted in his book Life in public schools, serves as a basis for my investigation of the 'lived experiences' of Southeast Asian boarders in St Andrew's School, a private all boy's boarding school in Perth, Western Australia. This article introduces this group of boarders and examines their perceptions that maintained their group identity in the boarding house environment. Interviews conducted with the boarders are drawn into this inquiry, underlining their views that group identity is important to living in a boarding school.


We report persistent photocurrent measurements of carbon nanotube networks with various pressures of hydrogen, ammonia and oxygen gases. The maximum build-up photocurrent drops substantially as the gas pressure is increased. However, the decay time is very sensitive to the gas species. While the decay time increases signi cantly under oxygen, only a modest increase is observed under H2 and NH3. The ab initio electronic structure calculations show that a physical adsorption of O2 molecules induces a shallow trap level within the band gap of the carbon nanotube, which is associated with an increase in the decay time.


The article studies the features of transport of biogenic cations in the small intestine of rats under glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress. The processes of ion transport through the gastrointestinal wall were investigated by in vivo perfusion of the small intestine. In perfusion samples, the content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu ions was determined by the method of atomic emission analysis with inductively coupled plasma. The state of the level of redox processes in the small intestine of rats was evaluated by the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the content of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates in tissue homogenates. It has been established that under glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine, the transport of biogenic macro- and micronutrients is violated - a decrease in the absorption of macronutrients and the secretion of micronutrients. The use of the antioxidant "α-tocopherol" and the new-generation phenolic sulfur-containing antioxidant "Thiofan" in the experiment indicates the important role of free radical lipid peroxidation in the disruption of the transport of macro- and microelements in the small intestine. "Thiofan", possessing a unique structure that provides intramolecular synergism, protects the membrane structures of cells and helps to correct the transport of bioelements in the small intestine.


The invention discloses a copper zinc tin sulfur compound thin-film solar cell and a preparation method of the copper zinc tin sulfur compound thin-film solar cell, wherein the thin-film solar cell comprises a glass substrate, a metal back electrode layer, a P-type absorption layer, an n-type cadmium sulfide buffer layer, a transparent oxide thin-film window layer and a TCO top electrode; the preparation method of the P-type copper zinc tin sulfur absorption layer comprises the following steps: adopting single-target pulsed laser deposition technology, and synthesizing through one-step technology without subsequent heat treatment process. According to the invention, the solar cell has the advantages of enough and non-toxic sources for the contained elements, environmental protection, high photoelectric conversion rate, good stability, simple structure, simple preparation technology and low cost.


Wornojiwo is one of the remnant forest areas located within Cibodas Botanical Garden . Some important native plants peciesoccur in this area are representing the sub montane vegetation of Mount Gede Pangrango . Their occurrence needs to be investigated in order to establish a proper conservation management. The existenceof a speciesis basically determined by the spatial distribution patterns within the community. Spatial distribution of dominant species are very important to set up a long term conservation strategy . Square samplings were performed in this study to asses plant species richness and abundance and were used as a bases for determining species distribution patterns . The variance ratio and frequency distribution of five dominant species were analysed, showing that Ficus ribes had a homogeneous or regular distribution, Macropanax dispermum possessed a grouped pattern , Ostodes paniculata spreaded randomly, while Villubrunea rubescens and Castanop sisargentea occurred homogeneously . Keyword: Dominant species, Frequency distribution, Remnant forest, Spatial pattern, Variance ratio.


In independent India, national development has been largely equated with economic growth and surplus. Big, centralized industries, irrigation projects have been symbols of such development, which through the process of industrialization promised to set India on the path of modernization and development. One of the inevitable outcomes of this has been massive environmental degradation and development induced displacement. India is among the foremost countries in the world in developing its water resources. As per the National Register of Large dams, India has as on today 4291 large dams including the 695 dams under construction (Agarval, Narain and Sen: 1999). India ranks third in the world in dam building, after US and China. While some of these dams were built primarily for flood control, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation, the primary purpose of most Indian dams remains irrigation. Due to favorable agro-climate, by and large the Indian economy has been traditionally based on agriculture since centuries. Agriculture contributes about one-third of Gross National Product, and remains a key sector in the national economy. In spite of the fact that this country is endowed with vast land and water resources, it is a water short country in relation to agriculture, municipal and industrial needs.


Objective To study the protective effect of dihydromyricetin against the renal oxidative damage of impaired glucose tolerance rats.Methods Animal model of impaired glucose tolerance rats was created by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose.After 8 weeks intraperitoneal injection of dihydromyricetin(experimental group),fasting blood glucose,two-hour postprandial blood glucose,serum insulin,microalbuminuia(mAlb)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),the content of malondiadehyde(MDA) as well as renal DNA trailing rate were measured.Results Compared with the model group,dihydromyricetin significantly reduced the level of tow-hour postprandial blood glucose,insulin and insulin resistance index and increased the activity of SOD in the kidney(P0.05) but except for GSH-Px(P0.05);Dihydromyricetin also decreased the content of MDA,microalbuminuia and DNA trailing rate(P0.05).Conclusion Dihydromyricetin significantly improves impaired glucose tolerance and has a protective effect against early renal damage,which may be associated with improvement of antioxidative capability in the kidney.


Speech communication is one of the simplest and reliable forms of communication between humans and it is affected by the behaviour and emotions of speakers. Electrical current generated on the facial muscles during speech production are represented by one of the forms of biomedical signal known as EMG. These signals results due to contraction and relaxation of the muscles, which are controlled by the nervous system. These signals from specific facial muscles are recorded for speech recognition and system automation. EMG signals are generally recorded using small surface electrodes placed near to each other. EMG activity is frequently recorded from specific muscles and plays a prominent role in the expression of elementary emotions and speech generation. The present research paper investigates the EMG patterns generated during the utterance of the unvoiced consonants. Six subjects in the age of 20-25 years were taken (three males and three females). Thirty eight vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables in Hindi were recorded along with the corresponding facial EMG signal. For each speaker, the means of log-spectral-distances (LSD) between the EMG signal of the VCVs and the reference EMG signal were computed. Analysis of the spectrograms and LSD showed that the EMD signals generated in the muscle vary with the subject and the VCV. Hence, for automatic decoding of the EMG signals, the system should be trained using both the variants.


Detection of lymph nodes (LNs) involvement by various pathological processes has great
therapeutic and prognostic implications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of triplex sonography (gray scale, color mapping and spectral Doppler) in differentiating benign from malignant cervical LNs. We used triplex sonography to evaluate 120 LNs in 50 patients. The gray scale features which were considered included LNs margin, nodal shape (length/width ratio) and echotexture. Vascular patterns and arterial resistive index (RI) of the LNs were assessed by color mapping and spectral Doppler. Finally sonographic findings were compared with pathologic results.
There was significant difference between benign and malignant LNs in shape, echotexture, RI and vascular pattern. Study results showed that malignant LNs, especially metastatic nodes, are accompanied with significantly high RI, rounded shape, heterogenous echotexture and peripheral vascularity. Among these sonographic findings, nodal shape (L/W ratio) and RI were more accurate for differentiating benign from malignant LNs. LNs with ill-defined margin were all metastatic. In this study triplex sonographic findings had relatively high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant cervical LNs, however, because of some overlapping in triplex sonographic appearances of benign and malignant nodes, this modality may not have definite diagnostic value.


Objective To discuss the operative opportunity and clinical procedures in acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP).Methods Seventy-five cases with severe acute billiard pancreatitis were summarized from 2000 to 2006.8 cases of them were underwent non-surgical therapy.67 cases were treated by surgery.Results These patients by non-surgery were cured entirely,38 cases were treated with surgery early,and 1 case died with mortality of 2.6%.29 patients were treated by operation postponely,2 cases died with mortality of 6.9%.Conclusions It is important measures of improving clinical prognosis,reducing complications and mortality by means of individual therapeutic scheme,timely selection of minimally invasive technique accordion to patient's conditions.


Suprascapular Nerve injury is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain and weakness. Lesions of the Suprascapular Nerve can occur at the Supraspinatus or the Spinoglenoid Notch. We present here, report of a 26-year-old washer man who presented with pain in left shoulder and difficulty washing clothes. Clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic studies confirmed injury to the left Suprascapular Nerve at the Spinoglenoid Notch. The patient was managed conservatively for six weeks with relative rest, supervised physiotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, following which he showed substantial reduction in pain and improvement in functional activities.


24. Russo AL, Chen M-H, Aizer AA, Hattangadi JA, D'Amico AV. Advancing age within established Gleason score categories and the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). BJU Int. 2012;110 (7):973-979. 25. Lee WR, deGuzman AF, Bare RL, Marshall MG, McCullough DL. Postimplant analysis of transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy: evidence for a learning curve in the first year at a single institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;46(1):83-88.


Introduction:  An increasing demand for blood components is opposed by a decreasing donor availability for the collection of the required blood components. Furthermore, current stem cell transplantation regiments require the collection of more than one similar or different component from one donor or patient. One strategy for maintaining the patients' supply with the required blood components can be the concurrent collection of more than one component from one donor by apheresis, thus multicomponent apheresis.


In 2013, the ninth criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) were firstly laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-V). It performed that playing online game became the most activity of Internet addiction (IA). In order to discriminate the high-risk IA with IGD (HIGD) and low-risk IA with nonIGD (LIGD), the abdominal breathing (AB) and the emotional Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) questionnaire were used in this study. Totally 19 HIGD subjects and 21 LIGD subjects were asked to watch the three type films (film1, film2 and film3), and to reply SAM questionnaire before and after AB. The results showed the average (t-test) between the arousal scores in before and after AB for LIGD people under all films (p = .01) and film3 (p = .03). As well, the statically significant difference in distribution (F-test) between the valence scores for HIGD people and LIGD people under film2 (p = .04) and film3 (p = .03). To summarize our results, by doing AB, HIGD people mainly changed their emotional valence, and LIGD people mainly changed their emotional arousal for within study. For between study, the type of film2 can distinguish between HIGD and LIGD people, and AB cannot obvious calmed emotional valence for HIGD people. The valence and arousal scores are the potential indexes for discriminating HIGD and LIGD. AB might play a mediation of emotional responses for IGD subjects. The physiological responses for IGD people are going to be investigated in near future.


This paper investigates solenoidal transport and show that it is not only feasible but preferred for certain types of devices. In particular, interest in low-voltage (<20 kV), high-power (~10 kW) W-band amplifiers has led to design an extended interaction klystron (EIK) that employs a solenoidal (~9 kG) transport configuration using permanent magnets. The much stronger magnetic field that can be achieved with a solenoidal magnet configuration allows significantly higher perveance beams to be transported, and simulations show excellent beam stability with essentially no current loss over distances of several diocotron growth lengths (typically several cm for millimeter-wave (MMW) device parameters). Semi-empirical scaling laws have been developed that relate the critical beam parameters (voltage, current density, emittance, and aspect ratio) and projected amplifier performance (power and efficiency) to the magnetic focusing strength. The implications of these relationships for the design of compact, low-voltage MMW amplifiers will be presented, and a permanent magnet solenoidal field configuration suitable for a MMW EIK will be described.


Social media are new communication tools and exist in a range of forms that allow a user to connect and interact with others. Additionally, they offer a way to create a collaborative environment through participation and sharing information. Even though social media tools are widely used, it is not well understood how individuals' concerns and motivations influence their use. This paper aims to investigate the use of social media among people in Saudi Arabia using a survey method to understand the impact of cultural restrictions on individual's motivation, intention behaviour and their actual use in business. Based on the research results, users' attitude and behaviour towards the use of social media are discussed.


TOPIC
The severe distress sometimes experienced by nurses in their role as healer.

PURPOSE
To identify the sources that give rise to the suffering of the healer, describe the responses of healers to their sufferings, and make recommendations on how to prepare nurses to cope with suffering.

SOURCES
The concept of the suffering of the healer is derived from the work of Erik Cassell; the framework for understanding responses to suffering from the work of Dorothy Solle.

CONCLUSION
Nurses need to be aware that practice in health care can give rise to the suffering of the healer. Nursing education and administration need to help nurses learn to cope.


The subjective effects of utilizing highly directional microphones in a teleconferencing setting are not well understood. Computer simulation of both complex microphone systems and room environments offer one opportunity to study the combined effects. A complex microphone system can be modeled as a collection of point microphones distributed in space and summed with appropriate time delays. Established room simulation modeling methods were used. Combining both models together, with appropriate attention to spatial and time resolution of the microphone model, allows calculation of the impulse response of the complete structure, in an arbitrary room environment. The resulting impulse response can be used as a filter for speech. Results of such simulations are presented and compared with real room results.<<ETX>>


This chapter we first presents various video representations and formats. Then, an overview of video compression techniques is given. Two standards and related techniques are described and evaluated – px64 Kbps (or H.261/H.263) standard for video-based communications and MPEG standard for intensive applications of full-motion video. Both standards use the combination of DCT-based intraframe compression and predictive interframe coding based on motion vector estimation. The techniques for motion vector estimation are analyzed as well. Finally, we also introduce the XYZ video compression technique based on 3D-DCT, which does not require motion vector estimation.


Attributed graphs are complex networks with non-trivial topological structures and rich node contents. Recently, a variety of algorithms have been proposed to detect meaningful communities from a given attributed graph by combining these topology and content information. However, few of them is capable of detecting the communities of links, which are better to interpret the node behaviors in forming communities. Furthermore, since nodes are possible to grouped into more than one communities, community detection upon links is natural and parameter-free to incorporate overlap, thus revealing the intrinsic organization of attributed graphs in a more reasonable way. In this work, we propose a novel Bayesian probabilistic model to approximately simulate the generative process of an attributed graph given the prior knowledge regarding the distribution of community labels over links. An efficient variational algorithm, namely VBLCD, is developed to solve the inference problem of the proposed model, thus completing the task of detecting link communities. To evaluate the performance of VBLCD, we have applied it to address two practical applications including document classification and social community detection, and also compared VBLCD with several state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of VBLCD.


Recently, the modern service sector leaded by the business economy became one of the driving forces of urban development and greatly affects the spatial structure and functions of the city. This paper, based on the data of commercial buildings and the investigation of enterprises located in the buildings, analyzes the spatial pattern, functions, development intensity, and spatial evolution of the business economy in main city of Hangzhou by GIS, and summarizes the influential factors of locations and development mechanism of urban business economy in order to find out the development rules and existing problems to provide references to other cities in China.


Abstract In latest years, the high sensitivity of the instruments on-board the XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites allowed us to explore the properties of the X-ray emission from hot subdwarf stars. The small but growing sample of X-ray detected hot subdwarfs includes binary systems, in which the X-ray emission is due to wind accretion onto a compact companion (white dwarf or neutron star), as well as isolated sdO stars, in which X-rays are probably due to shock instabilities in the wind. X-ray observations of these low-mass stars provide information which can be useful for our understanding of the weak winds of this type of stars and can lead to the discovery of particularly interesting binary systems. Here we report the most recent results we have recently obtained in this research area.