The historical development of the rate theory of viscosity is briefly reviewed. The Ree‐Eyring equation of generalized viscosity, η= ∑ n=1m(xnβn/αn)(sinh−1βnṡ/βnṡ) is applied successfully in a variety of cases. (For the definitions of the symbols in this equation, reference is made to the text.) We develop here a new method for determining the parameters xn/αn and βn in Eq. (A). According to the method, these parameters are uniquely determined. When we used the parameters determined by the new method, the viscosities for solutions of poly‐γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate were calculated from Eq. (A). It is found that Eq. (A) is much superior to other frequently applied viscosity equations.Upon calculating the Newtonian viscosities ηs for fairly concentrated solutions of polyacrylonitrile and of nitrated pine pulp, the following empirical formula is found: ηs≃KC2Mβp12. Here K is a characteristic constant for a solution; C the concentration; M the molecular weight; and βp is the ``principal'' relaxation time. In dilute...


Easy, quantitative, and one-pot introduction of eight -lactoside-modules onto a porphyrin-core was achieved through -catalyzed chemoselective coupling (click chemistry) between a porphyrin carrying eight alkyne-terminals and -lactosyl azides. The obtained porphyrin-based glycocluster shows not only good water-solubility but also strong/specific lectin-affinity.


Based on part equilibrium of real estate, the paper researches financial supportive excess and evolvement of real estate bubble and puts forward hypothesis of financial supportive excess. We consider if real estate development enterprises and consumers of real estate all can take loan from bank and when there is herd behavior in the real estate market, price of real estate will be higher than fundamental price. Furthermore, the price will rise continuously with financial supportive excess increasing and we define the rising price as the bubble. At this time, if consumers of real estate begin to breach of faith, real estate bubble will overturn quickly and lead to financial crisis. The paper finally studies the critical value of financial supportive excess and degree of financial support in China.


In many language-related tasks, it would be extremely useful to know the probability that a sentence or word sequence will occur in a document. However, there is not enough data to account for all word sequences. Thus, n-gram models are used to approximate the probability of word sequences. Making an independence assumption between the n-grams reduces some of the problems with data sparsity, but even n-gram models can have sparsity problems. For example, the Google corpus has 1 trillion words of running English text. There are 13 million words that occur over 200 times, so there are at least 169 trillion potential bigrams much more than the 1 trillion words in the corpus. Smoothing is a strategy used to account for this data sparsity. In this lecture, we will explore Good-Turing smoothing, a particular kind of smoothing.


In this paper we approach to which could help people who lose voices to speak, and allow people to make silent calls without bothering others, rather than making any sounds, your handset would decipher the movements your mouth makes by measuring muscle activity, then convert this into speech that the person on the other end of the call can hear. So, basically, it reads our lips. Another important benefit of this technology is that it allows you to communicate to any person in the world as the electrical pulse is universal, it can be converted into any language depending upon the users choice.


A Yellow Springs Instruments water quality sonde fitted with fluorometric probes for phycocyanin and chlorophyll a was trialled at sites along the Murray and Lower Darling Rivers, Australia, during 2008–2009. The project examined whether the in situ quantification of phycocyanin by fluorometry could be used to determine the abundance of cyanobacteria present. Abundance was measured in the laboratory as biovolume from samples collected at the same time as the phycocyanin measurements. The study found a strong positive relationship between the two measurements. However, it was found that the use of in situ phycocyanin fluorometry was not effective in turbid water higher than 50 Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) as this produced false‐positive readings for phycocyanin. There was a considerable amount of variance within the data, much probably caused by error in estimating cyanobacterial biovolumes. Some variability may also be attributed to error involved in the in situ measurement of phycocyanin, especially when cyanobacterial abundance was close to the lower limit of quantification of the instrument. This is likely to be greatest when total cyanobacterial biovolume is less than 0.4 mm3 L−1. The relationship between phycocyanin measured in situ by fluorometry and total cyanobacterial biovolume varied spatially between sites along the Murray River, probably caused by differences in cyanobacterial abundance and in the species composition of the cyanobacterial communities in different sections of the river. No relationship was found between total cyanobacterial biovolume and chlorophyll a measured by in situ fluorometry. However, in situ fluorometry has the potential to be a useful rapid assessment tool for cyanobacterial bloom management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We generalize some aspects of the theory of compact projections relative to a C*-algebra, to the setting of more general algebras. Our main result is that compact projections are the decreasing limits of `peak projections', and in the separable case compact projections are just the peak projections. We also establish new forms of the noncommutative Urysohn lemma relative to an operator algebra, and we show that a projection is compact iff the associated face in the state space of the algebra is weak* closed.


Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are defined as 100% occlusions with TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 0 flow with at least a 3‐month duration.[1][1] Treatment options for patients with coronary CTOs include lifestyle changes and medications (as is appropriate for all patients


Wrist pulse signal (WPS) contains crucial information of humans' health condition. It can serve as an alternative method for diagnosing of organ inflammation instead of traditional clinical measurement. In this paper, a novel multi-objective genetic algorithm based support vector machine (MOGA-SVM) has been proposed for the multinomial classification of the inflammations of appendix, pancreas, and duodenum. A customized similarity kernel (KCS) has been optimally designed. The performance of multinomial classification using KCS is compared with five types of kernels, linear, radial basis function (RBF), polynomial and sigmoid kernel, as well as mixtures of polynomial and RBF, to verify the effectiveness of KCS. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (Acc) of the proposed method are 92%, 91.2%, and 91.6% respectively. The results have demonstrated that KCS improves the accuracy of classification from 8.9% to 59.6%. When compared to related work, the proposed method increases the performance by more than 10%. It is believed that WPS can serve as alternative measures to diagnose organ inflammations.


The present paper describes the attitude of an aircraft is controlled by three sets of surfaces: elevators, rudder, and ailerons, by manipulating these surfaces, a pilot can set the aircraft on a desired flight path. An autopilot, which will be considered here, is an automatic control system that controls the roll angle Φ by adjusting aileron surfaces. The deflection of the aileron surfaces by an angle θ generates a torque due to air pressure on these surfaces. This causes a rolling motion of the aircraft. The aileron surfaces are controlled by a hydraulic actuator with a transfer function 1/s. This paper Analyses the 'root locus and step response for autopilot controlled airplane'


We present a new analysis of NuSTAR and Suzaku observations of the black hole Cygnus X-1 in the intermediate state. The analysis is performed using kerrC, a new model for analyzing spectral and spectropolarimetric X-ray observations of black holes. kerrC builds on a large library of simulated black holes in X-ray binaries. The model accounts for the X-ray emission from a geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disk, the propagation of the X-rays through the curved black hole spacetime, the reflection off the accretion disk, and the Comptonization of photons in coronae of different 3D shapes and physical properties before and after the reflection. We present the results from using kerrC for the analysis of archival NuSTAR and Suzaku observations taken on 2015 May 27–28. The best wedge-shaped corona gives a better fit than the cone-shaped corona. Although we included cone-shaped coronae in the funnel regions above and below the black hole to resemble to some degree the common assumption of a compact lamppost corona hovering above and/or below the black hole, the fit chooses a very large version of this corona that makes it possible to Comptonize a sufficiently large fraction of the accretion disk photons to explain the observed power-law emission. The analysis indicates a black hole spin parameter a (−1 ≤ a ≤ 1) between 0.861 and 0.921. The kerrC model provides new insights into the radial distribution of the energy flux of returning and coronal emission irradiating the accretion disk. kerrC furthermore predicts small polarization fractions around 1% in the 2–8 keV energy range of the recently launched Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.


The following is offered as another small contribution to the natural history of the female sex, with reference to the age of puberty. About eighteen months ago a work was published in London by Mr Frederick Strong, Consul at Athens to the Kings of Bavaria and Hanover, with the title " Greece as a Kingdom,""* containing valuable and very interesting accounts of the institutions, the population, productions, commerce, and resources of that country. In the chapter on the soil, climate, and inhabitants, the author has made some curious statements in proof of the precocity of the females ; not altogether novel, it is true, for others have said the same things ; but as the opinions referred to are advanced as the fruit of his own observation, they acquire, on that account, a claim to particular notice. They are contained in the following passages. " Nature is so extremely precocious in Greece, that females attain the age of puberty at ten or eleven years, and men at fifteen


The photolysis of 7,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-β-ionone (6) was investigated together with its acetate and isopropyl ether 7 and 8, respectively. Irradiation (λ > 245 nm) of 6 in MeCN or i-PrOH at temperatures between 25° and −65° leads to the tricyclic ethers 9, 10 and 13A + B, and to the spirocyclic ethers 11 and 12, which are all known types of photoproducts, previously obtained on photolysis of 7,8-dihydro-β-ionone (1). The same types of products are obtained on irradiation of the acetate 7 and the isopropyl ether 8. On the other hand, irradiation of the hydroxy compound 6 in MeCN or i-PrOH at temperatures between −35° and −65° leads to the new tricyclic tertiary alcohols 14 and 15 as the major products. Their formation involves an intramolecular trapping of a carbocation by the neighbouring OH group, thus, supporting the previously proposed mechanism of the transformation 1 5. For structure proof, the tricyclic alcohol 14 and the pheny1 carbamate 42, derived from 9, were subjected to X-ray analysis.


: The functioning of modern societies relies on the successful performance of its infrastructure. In the UK much of the buried infrastructure is located below the road surface, and routine maintenance of these requires networks to be accessed, commonly by open cut methods. The open cut operation in roads is likely to change the performance of the pavement structure, and potentially how loads are transmitted, thereby affecting the buried infrastructure. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of open cut construction on the road, ground and buried infrastructure with the aim of improving the current associated guidelines. A fully instrumented site trial was undertaken where two pipes were installed using trenching in a road, with one reinstated according to the higher end of the UK specification and the other on the lower end of the specification. The trench reinstated according to the lower end of the specification experienced serviceability failure, where large settlements (approximately 70 mm) and deflections (up to 2000 microns) were observed. The other trench also experienced distress, although to a much reduced level. This demonstrates that trenching, even when reinstated according to the higher end of the specification, still weakens the existing road locally.


Research purposes:In design of soft soil embankment,the calculations of the settlement and stability of the embankment need consideration of the consolidation history of soft soil.Based on sorting and analyzing the data from a large number of indoor soil mechanic tests and vane shear tests done for the experimental section of the Jiangmen-Zhuhai Highway in Zhuhai,the study was done to seek the consolidation historic characteristics of the deep soil embankment in this area.Research conclusions:The upper soft soil layer at depth of 6~12 m and above in the area was in consolidation state,and its over-consolidation ratio was 1.1~1.89,but the value of OCR had rather big discreteness.The soft soil below the depth of 6~12 m in the area was in the less consolidation state,and its OCR was 0.45~0.94 and their calculated results were more reliable.In addition,in the depth range of the study,the OCR was reduced with the depth change.The experimental results showed using vane shear test to determine the consolidation history of soft soil could avoid the disturbance to the soil caused by soil sampling during consolidation for the indoor soil mechanic test and the result could reflect the actual consolidation state of the soil.


The coming of the first farmers tombs, territories and ancestors geometry in the landscape the first metals dividing up the land gifts to the gods the long view sites to visit.


With the high-speed development of software industry,overtime and over-budget of software development have become the most concern to the software industry.In order to effectively manage software development,some companies also introduced an important post,quality management,to manage and get feedback of the project information in time,thus all important trouble can be controlled in early stage,and a lot of manpower,resource and finance will be saved.


vii PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FOOD-GRADE EMULSIONS Thesis submitted to the Office of Research and Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Engineering Sciences by ELIZABETH TRONCOSO AHUÉS ABSTRACT As foods rather than nutrients become a primary consideration in the search for better health and well-being, the role of food structure becomes prominent. In this scenario, aAs foods rather than nutrients become a primary consideration in the search for better health and well-being, the role of food structure becomes prominent. In this scenario, a better understanding of the structural changes of lipid foods in the gastrointestinal tract and interactions taking place will allow the rational design of foods. The hypothesis of this work is that it is possible to design new emulsion-based foods by using proper techniques to control rheological and microstructural properties, and the in vitro lipid digestion. The overall objective of this thesis was to increase our knowledge about the impact of different factors controlling food digestion in model lipid food systems with the aim of developing product concepts that have tailor-made physical and nutritional properties. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions-based foods stabilized by proteins (whey protein isolate, WPI, and β-lactoglobulin, BLG) or non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20) were fabricated in order to characterize them and correlate their structural properties with their rheological behavior and in vitro lipid digestion under conditions simulating those in the small intestine. Experimental methods to determine rheological properties, micro and macrostructural properties (oil droplet diameter, droplet size distribution, electrical charge, morphology, and appearance), and in vitro digestibility (release of free fatty acids) were developed. Using different rheological tests that simulated shear forces present in the gastrointestinal tract, it was found that the decrease in the apparent viscosity of WPI-stabilized O/W emulsions (diameter < 1.0 μm) could be due to shear-


This article first gives the principle of encoder and decoder based on CVSD,particularly proposes a multi-channel voice code conversion system based on FPGA and voice conversion chip.This system integrates the high reliability of commercial chip,and adopts FPGA for multipath scheduling and adaption,thus remarkably raising its flexibility and extensibility.Finally an experimental platform is built up for function and performance test of the voice conversion system.The results show that the multi-channel voice code conversion system is of excellent performance and extensibility,and with flexible configuration,would have wide marketing application prospects.


Brownfields are undoubtedly a problem in many 21st century cities. Abandoned, degraded, dangerous, overgrown and degrading the image of cities, they also have many potentials and assets. In the context of contemporary urban development trends related to sustainable development and the idea of creating a compact city with a high quality of life, post-industrial areas, especially those located in city centers, are ideal areas for new investments. Polish cities still have a tendency to urban sprawl, which is why the purpose of this article is to draw attention to the transformation of brownfield areas into modern eco and healthy urban districts as a way of creating sustainable urban space. In addition, the article deals with the topic of pro-ecological solutions, including those related to adaptation to climate change. The study uses the case study method. Five significant examples of post-industrial area transformation from Germany, Spain and France were selected. During the analyzes compared masterplans, functional schemes and location of these areas, and then the basic parameters and relationships between them were distinguished in four main categories: general data, environment, land development and attractiveness assessment. The conclusions of the comparative analysis allowed for the definition of detailed guidelines for creating a model concept for land development of the brownfields located in the city structure. The chosen location is placed in Katowice in former areas of Silesia Zinc Plant. The proposed concept presents functional solutions for connecting residential, recreational, commercial office and industrial areas. It is a template solution for the process of spatial, social and economic development. The project proposes pro-ecological solutions and technologies, including: water recycling, use of solar energy, energy storage, intelligent control and monitoring systems, sustainable mobility, building development based on natural ventilation of the city, rain gardens, reducing heat islands, etc. The transformation methods based on modern pro-ecological technologies in the context of adaptation to climate change which were presented in the article may constitute guidelines for the implementation in similar cases of transforming brownfield areas into modern urban districts.


From a computer science perspective the immune system is a complex, self organizing and highly distributed system which has no centralized control and which uses learning and memory when solving particular tasks. The learning process does not require negative examples and the acquired knowledge is represented in explicit form. These features attract computer scientists offering new paradigm for information processing. Particularly, Jerne's idea of the immune network, [7], has been used to develop new tools for data analysis. The first paper devoted to this subject was that of Hunt and Cooke, [6], where the idea of the immune network with cells represented by the binary strings has been applied to the recognizing promoters in DNA sequences. Next this idea was refined by Timmis, [10], who proposed an interesting algorithm for unsupervised learning, data analysis and data visualization. Here instead of binary representation of antigens and antibodies (see Section 2 for explanation of these terms) real vectors were used. De Castro and von Zuben, [3] developed another algorithm for data analysis and data reduction that refers to the metadynamics typical for the so-called second generation immune networks, [11]. Watkins, [12], applied these ideas to the supervised learning. Although interesting, these solutions are not free from disadvantages. The approach presented in [3] is an exciting data reduction technique offering a compact representation of the training data. To extract clusters in the resulting set, the authors use a mixture of standard clustering techniques however. On the other hand the system presented by Timmis in [10] is unstable in the sense that it is hard to keep network size within reasonable boundaries through all the iterations.


C ontinuous monitoring of distribution system water quality was rarely conducted prior to the United States terrorist attacks of 2001. Following that event, and the completion and review of risk assessments for all public water systems (PWS) serving greater than 3,300 population, the distribution system was identified as the most vulnerable area of attack. In response to Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9, which required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a process for utilities to improve their water distribution system protection, distribution system water quality monitoring pilot projects were conducted, funded through the EPA Water Security Division Water Security (WS) initiative. As a result, continuous monitoring systems are in operation in Cincinnati, Dallas, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Independent from the WS initiative program, some PWS and U.S. government agencies have been developing similar programs. Benefits of these systems include improvement of water treatment processes, increased efficiency of water utility operations, more assured quality of water delivered to consumers, and increased protection of public health.


—A well-defined agent-based model able to match the widely observed properties of financial assets is valuable for testing the implications of various empirically observed heuristics associated with investors behaviour. In this paper, we extend one of the most successful models in capturing the observed behaviour of traders, and present a new behavioural asset pricing model with heterogeneous agents. Specifically, we introduce a new behavioural bias in the model, loss aversion, and show that it causes a major difference in the agents interactions. As we demonstrate, the resulting dynamics achieve one of the major objectives of the field, replicating a rich set of the stylized facts of financial data. In particular, for the first time our model enables us to match the following empirically observed properties: conditional heavy tails of returns, gains/loss asymmetry, volume power-law and long memory and volume-volatility relations.


Mobile learning has become a new learning approach introduced in the Malaysian education system. Mobile learning is a learning approach that adopts mobile devices as tools in teaching and learning processes. This study was conducted based on two objectives. The first objective was to identify the factors that influence the adoption of mobile learning by using STEEPV analysis. The second objective was to determine the level of mobile learning adoption in a public university in Malaysia. The sample of this research was 369 of undergraduate students in a public university. They were from eight different faculties. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Based on the STEEPV analysis, technological factor has become the main factor for mobile learning adoption. The result of this research indicates that the level of mobile learning adoption among students in the respective university was high. Despite such result, the internet coverage and speed was found as the main hindrance factor of the adoption of mobile learning.


The DARPA Millimeter Wave Digital Arrays (MIDAS) program is demonstrating the first element level digital millimeter wave phased arrays covering the 18–50 GHz band. The performers are leveraging compound semiconductors, CMOS and heterogeneous integration to meet the stringent size and power constraints while pushing the state-of-the-art in RF and mixed-signal design. The 4×4 element dual-polarized transceiver tile will be a building block to enable scalable arrays mobile-to-mobile ad-hoc networking and emerging proliferated low-earth orbit (LEO) satcom. Element-level digital beamforming has the potential to enable multi-beam operation for reduced network discovery time and increased network throughput.


Renal anemia is the result of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and deteriorates with disease progression. If there is no proteinuria, anemia may be the first sign of kidney disease. In all patients with anemia and CKD diagnostic evaluation is required. Prior to diagnose a renal anemia, it is neccesary to eliminate possible other causes. A direct correlation between the concentration of hemoglobin and stage of renal failure is well known. Early anemia is common in diabetic patients. The correction of anemia may slow the progression of CKD. Anemia is an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD. It is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure in patients with or without kidney disease. In some patients correction may slow the deterioration of cardiac function and has been proven to amelliorate the existing damage. Anemia is the result of chronic heart failure and chronic renal failure. It is also a condition that worsens function of both organic systems and makes the vicious triangle called " cardio-renal anemia syndrome ". Decreased concentration of hemoglobin in diabetic patients is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications and may adversely affect the chronic complications of diabetes. Recent publications suggest that targeting to the higher value of hemoglobin is controversial, because it can lead to an increased risk of serious car-diovascular events. It is still unclear whether different effects of anemia correction are the result of hemoglobin values which are achieved or whether erythropoiesis stimulating agents cause numerous pleotropic events. Treatment of the anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease is based on the current guidelines.


published study by Lesser and colleagues to be intriguing, and our own report to be complementary and informative. The ability to noninvasively visualize a parenchymal lung lesion, in addition to the endobronchial tools required to access it, has interesting implications for the potential utility of lung flooding with transthoracic ultrasonography as an adjunct to the diagnosis and treatment of lung lesions. We hope that this description generates interest in others and promotes further scientific investigation in this compelling area of research.


The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) has solenoidal magnets to focus and guide the electron beam. The transverse position of the center of mass of the beam is measured at many positions along the accelerator using the wall current monitors. With the steering coils off, the beam drifts off axis a few cm in the length of the machine. The drift is independent of several parameters: field strength, beam current, and beam energy. Further measurements to locate the source of the misalignment will be discussed. 1 ref., 4 figs.


[This case] is about an industry . . . that survives, and profi ts, from selling a highly addictive product which causes diseases that lead to a staggering number of deaths per year, an immeasurable amount of human suff ering and economic loss, and a profound burden on our national health care system. Defendants have known many of these facts for at least 50 years or more. Despite that knowledge, they have consistently, repeatedly and with enormous skill and sophistication, denied these facts to the public, the Government, and to the public health community.


AbstractClimate change and human activity has increased the degree of nonstationarity in the annual runoff series of the Weihe River Basin, making it difficult to conduct a traditional hydrological...


C–P bonds are widely found in a great many bioactive compounds and functional molecules. Transition-metal-catalyzed dehydrogenative C–H/P–H cross-coupling plays a crucial part in C–P bond formation...


The article discusses national determination of archetypes and values. The author deals with correlation and interdependence of such concepts, as mentality and archetypes. The paper considers special features of the Russian collective unconscious and main national value systems in Russia.


The image fusion plays a crucial role in many fields such as remote sensing, medical and robotics applications. This paper is focused on image fusion of images of different focus depth. The aim is to study these concepts and provide simulations and evaluations on various implementations. When performing image fusion the images are decomposed by bi-dimensional Empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) to obtain high frequency coefficients which is used to determine which parts of the input images that makes it into the fused image. The same technique is tested on images of different modality. In this thesis, a novel bi-dimensional Empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) based image fusion scheme is proposed. The BEMD decomposes the source images into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residual components. IMF components of the first signal in the decomposition of the source images are used to generate the fused images using appropriate fusion rule. Performance evaluation of fused images is done by computing fusion quality metrics and the fusion results are compared with other existing fusion schemes. It is seen that the performance of the proposed scheme is better as compared with the existing fusion schemes.


Plant disease identification by visual approach is a lot of effortful task and at constant time less correct and may be done solely in restricted areas. Whereas if automatic detection technique is employed it'll take less efforts, less time and a lot of correctness. In plants, some general diseases are brown and yellow spots, or early and late scorch, and different flora, infectious agent and microorganism diseases. Image process is that the technique that is employed for measurement affected space of unwellness, and to work out the distinction within the color of the affected space. Image classification refers to the task of extracting info categories from a multiband formation image. The ensuing formation from image classification is accustomed produce thematic maps. looking on the interaction between the analyst and also the pc throughout classification there are 2 kinds of classification. i) supervised and ii) unsupervised. a brand-new image recognition system supported multiple regression is projected. significantly, there are variety of innovations in image segmentation and recognition system. Meanwhile, the regional growth technique and true color image process are combined with this method to enhance the accuracy and intelligence. whereas making the popularity system, multiple regression and image feature extraction are used. once evaluating the results of various image coaching libraries, the system is evidenced to own effective image recognition ability, high exactness, and responsibility. Index Terms Linear Regression, Accuracy, Feature extraction, Image recognition, Image Processing, Machine Learning, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised


Dominique MAINGUENEAU University of Paris XII (Val-de-Marne) Literary Discourse as "a Constituting Discourse" Assuming that literary discourse, despite its peculiarity, is not an isolated entity but instead, participates in the verbal production area describable as the domain of constituting discourses, that is, such which present themselves as discourses of the Origin, validated by a determined scene of pronouncement which, in turn, gets validated by itself. An apparently circuitous and costly method of investigating into relations between various constituting discourses (literature, philoso phy, religion, myth, and science) as well as between them and non-constituting discourses, leads to a better understanding of the literary fact, since the issue of authority of word essentially exceeds the limits of literature, as it is founded on a peculiarly 'shamanistic' status of the source of utterance that is associated with ordinary reality and forces exceeding


This issue has three fascinating papers. The first paper, Software component composition: A subdomain-based testing foundation, by Hamlet, proposes a theory of composing software components that is based on testing. Instead of modeling or specifying software systems directly, this paper suggests the novel approach of deriving abstractions of components from testing and then using these abstractions to model the behavior of the entire system. The second paper, A combinatorial testing strategy for concurrent programs, by Lei, Carver, Kacker and Kung, addresses the hard problem of testing concurrent software. Instead of trying to test all possible synchronization sequences, this paper presents a method and algorithm for choosing a subset of synchronization sequences that will lead to effective fault detection. The third paper, Studying the separability relation between finite state machines, by Spitsyna, El-Fakih and Yevtushenko, explores the relationships between finite state machines. It quantifies the 'distance' between nondeterministic FSMs. Owing to the difficulty in soliciting reviews, one of these papers has actually been in STVR's reviewing process for more than two years, which brings me to the main subject of this editorial . . . . One of the most important jobs of editors and associate editors is soliciting reviews. Reviewing takes time that we don't get paid for. The effort counts for almost nothing in promotion and tenure decisions. Not surprising, a perennial problem for most journals is getting reviews in a timely fashion. So I'm not surprised when I hear the question: 'why should I review papers?' Luckily, I can offer several good answers. The most obvious reason is that it is a service to the community. Service is good for the soul, and donating our time to our field makes us feel better about ourselves. Another obvious reason is to return the favor. Every time we submit a paper to a journal, four or five people work for us: three reviewers, an editor, and possibly an editor-in-chief. We don't pay them in money, but we can pay for their time by reviewing their papers. A less obvious reason is to learn. Reviewing papers is a good way to learn new results early. Of course it's unethical to use results before they're published, but the reviewers know the results as soon as they're published. Moreover, the best ideas don't just give you ideas upon which to build your research, but they change the way you think. And changing your thinking earlier than others always helps. Another thing we learn is how to write papers. Seeing good (and bad!) examples help us develop and refine our own writing skills. Perhaps the most subtle reason for reviewing is to enhance our reputation. This is especially true for young scientists. Reviewing papers allows us to help senior scientists who ask for the


In allusion to the geographical phenomena or processes whose mechanism or theory is not clear, GIS-Based logical information method adopts normal theory of logical information method, and actualizes logical distinguishing among correlative geographical factors about research object by using spatial classification and spatial analysis of GIS, and integrates statistical method then realizes logical information method upon geographical model. First of all, in allusion to regional and spatio-temporal characters of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic in 2003, the environmental factors which can affect the epidemic of SARS are filtered, confirmed, and distinguished by using GIS technology and mathematical method. Secondly, the analysis of dependence relation and classification of dependence extent about environmental factors of SARS epidemic are carried out. Thirdly, the diacritical weighting for each dependence factor and object weighting for each region are calculated. At last, the grade of epidemic situation for each region are evaluated and forecasted.


A robust model to directly represent output from contemporary brachytherapy calculation had been proposed and developed to make clinical implementation practicable. The model was used to minimize inherent uncertainties associated with the AAMP TG-43 formalism, with consolidation of the TG-43 parameters into new parameter to speed up computational time. Analytical computations were performed to hybridize the anisotropy function,


A planar optical glass-slide-based dimethylamine (DMA) sensor was fabricated with composite thin film of cresol red and titanium dioxide as the sensing layer and tin-diffused planar glass slide as the substrate. The UV-visible spectrum before and after analyte exposure was investigated to detect the color transformation of sensing layer and to select a laser light source wavelength (532 nm). DMA detection response along with time were performed on an optical waveguide system at room temperature. Experimental results show that this sensing film had not only fast response (6 s) but also rapid recovery (21 s) (${0.004}\;{{\rm mg/m}^3}$0.004mg/m3). Besides, detection is available for DMA solution as low as ${0.0008}\;{{\rm mg/m}^3}$0.0008mg/m3 concentration with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) 5.29. The sensing film is stable for one month at ambient temperature, and the response reaction is reversible.


Multimedia technology has developed rapidly in recent years, but in remote communication, the interaction of human-human, human-machine and machine-machine are limited to video and audio, which greatly lacks of immersion, warmth, emotion or skill delivery. The demand for the emerging tactile technology applications is increasing, especially with the commercial use of 5G, and it will be the killer application in the future 6G. Compared with video, sound, pictures and other multimedia applications, the transmission of tactile signals requires higher reliability and low time delay. The vibrotactile signals can represent the crucial element of rich touch information, such as the textured surface. To be able to transmit these signals to remote locations to create an immersive real user experience, it is needed to develop a efficient tactile compression method. This paper presents TVSC, a Transformer-based Vibrotactile Signal Codec, consisting of the encoder-decoder architecture of transformer, quantizer and dequantizer, and entropy encoder and decoder.


The introduction of cowpea gives an opportunity to use the crop for agricultural production, for fodder production and for the introduction of the new and useful food product. Nowadays there is definite information on the biology, agromachinery and use of cowpea that promoted developing the basis for cowpea breeding. The variety samples of asparagus beans showed a significant interaction of 'genotype-environment' of the studied traits excluding the duration of the interphase period 'sprouts-flowering', plant length and bean length. The plant length varied from 43.3 to 103.3 сm, the height of lower inflorescence attachment varied from 19 to 34 cm, the number of beans varied from 4.7 to 17.7 p., the length of a bean varied from 22.3 to 66.3 cm, 1000-kernel weight varied from 79.0 to 136.5 g, productivity of seeds varied from 120.3 to 673.5 kg/ha. The average content of protein in cowpea kernels varied from 24.2 to 27.5%, the content of oil varied from 1.1 to 1.8%, the content of ash varied from 3.9 to 6.8%, the content of cellulose varied from 3.8 to 7.7%, the content of NFES (nitrogen-free extractive substances) varied from 60.7 to 65.4%. The content of protein in green beans varied from 17.7 to 23.1%, the content of oil varied from 1.7 to 3.6%, the content of ash varied from 5.1 to 6.8%, the content of cellulose varied from 11.8 to 20.3%, the content of NFES (nitrogen-free extractive substances ) varied from 49.7 to 59.7%. The content of albumens varied from 13.1 to 18.2%, the content of globulins varied from 2.4 to 3.7%, the content of prolamins varied from 0.19 to 0.74%, the content of glutelins varied from 3.8 to 6.56%. The content of albumens in new green beans varied from 4.6 to 9.6%, the content of globulins varied from 0.9 to 2.1%, the content of prolamins varied from 0.1 to 1.3%, the content of glutelins varied from 0.9 to 3.3%.


Whistler‐mode chorus waves play an essential role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the Earth's inner magnetosphere, with the more intense waves producing the most dramatic effects. However, it is challenging to predict the amplitude of strong chorus waves due to the imbalanced nature of the data set, that is, there are many more non‐chorus data points than strong chorus waves. Thus, traditional models usually underestimate chorus wave amplitudes significantly during active times. Using an imbalanced regressive (IR) method, we develop a neural network model of lower‐band (LB) chorus waves using 7‐year observations from the EMFISIS instrument onboard Van Allen Probes. The feature selection process suggests that the auroral electrojet index alone captures most of the variations of chorus waves. The large amplitude of strong chorus waves can be predicted for the first time. Furthermore, our model shows that the equatorial LB chorus's spatiotemporal evolution is similar to the drift path of substorm‐injected electrons. We also show that the chorus waves have a peak amplitude at the equator in the source MLT near midnight, but toward noon, there is a local minimum in amplitude at the equator with two off‐equator amplitude peaks in both hemispheres, likely caused by the bifurcated drift paths of substorm injections on the dayside. The IR‐based chorus model will improve radiation belt prediction by providing chorus wave distributions, especially storm‐time strong chorus. Since data imbalance is ubiquitous and inherent in space physics and other physical systems, imbalanced regressive methods deserve more attention in space physics.


This Review is about several nes kinds of rice germ foods,such as lipase inhibitor from rice germ,GABA riched rice germ and lactic acid nted product of rice germ.


Clean sampling and analysis procedures have been used to measure the concentrations of Al and four heavy metals in snow representing one year's accumulation (1983-84) near Dye 3 in Greenland. Mean values were Al 17.5ng g−1, Cd 0.74 pg g−1, Cu 6.2 pg g−1, Pb 28 pg g−1 and Zn 27 pg g−1. Concentrations of the heavy metals are lower than previously reported at other Greenland sites for snowfall during the last 20 years. A distinct late-winter / early-spring maximum is seen for Al, Cu, Pb and Zn, in accord with other workers' measurements of various species in the atmospheric aerosol in the Arctic. Cu appears to have a large crustal component, but Cd, Pb and Zn probably originate mainly from pollution. One explanation for the lower Pb values may be the considerable reduction in North American and European usage of Pb as a petrol (gasoline) additive during the last decade. These limited data emphasize the importance of obtaining a reliable century-long record of these metals in Greenland ice.


With the growing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), energy efficiency has been a critical concern during the design and development of IoT service systems. Meanwhile, edge computing has drawn significant attention as a burgeoning computing paradigm. This paper studies the energy efficiency issue of IoT systems by proposing a joint scheme of resource allocation and task scheduling under the edge computing paradigm. Specifically, dynamic processes of the IoT services and system are formulated by generalized queueing network models, based on which quantitative analyses of performance and energy consumption are conducted. The resource management and task scheduling are formulated by Markov Decision Process (MDP), which can balance the tradeoff between energy costs and QoS requirements. To attack the challenge of MDP search space explosion due to the large scale of IoT systems, Ordinal Optimization (OO) techniques are applied to the MDP algorithms, which are able to significantly narrow the search of MDP by slightly softening the optimization objective to a good enough subset. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments based on real-world IoT data. Evaluations and comparisons demonstrate that our approach is effective and efficient in practice.


Reliable information concerning the reverse path to a particular source address space would be useful for a number of applications, most notably for the filtering of packets with spoofed source addresses. The SAVE protocol makes this information available at every router, although, in the absence of full deployment, it is difficult for SAVE to maintain either correct or complete incoming tables. We propose iSAVE, a modified version of the SAVE protocol, designed to address the case of incremental deployment. In our design, a fraction of the core routers are delegated as filtering routers. Autonomous systems participate in iSAVE by providing authoritative information that validates the appropriate incoming interface for their source address space at each interested filtering router. We present simulation results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the filtering capabilities provided by iSAVE and measurements of the performance costs associated with iSAVE control messages.


Objective Trying to find a suitable model to prevent Drowning children with health education/promotion in southern China;Methods The school principal,township hospital and village doctor and village chairman of women committee were organized and the network system was also established.The health education and promotion in the school and village were implemented.Results The drowning death case was decreased to 8 in 2007 from the 19 cases in 2006(average cases from 2004-2006 was 15.7),and the drowning fatality rate was decreased 49%;Conclusion Establishing the network system and implementing the health education and promotion in the school and village is a suitable model to prevent children drowning death in southern China.


Microstructure, hardness, transverse rupture strength, and abrasion resistance of WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides modified with the addition of different mass fraction of Cr3C2, in the range of 0–3 wt%, are studied. The influence of the microstructure, composition and hardness on the mechanical properties and wear resistance is analysed. Considering that the material under investigation can be used as die for the extrusion process of hard ceramic materials, the tribological behaviour was evaluated by performing sliding wear tests in wet conditions using a block-on-ring tribometer. Wear mechanism principally based on binder removal and subsequent fragmentation and microabrasion of the WC grains is proposed. Carbide grain size and bulk hardness can be tuned as function of specific applications by adding different amounts of Cr3C2. In particular, increasing hardness and reducing grain size by the addition of Cr3C2 are demonstrated to considerably enhance the wear performance of these carbides.


Fourteen bird species were observed visiting one specimen of Alchornea glandulosa Poepp., 1845, at the Horto Florestal Navarro de Andrade, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Among them, three species seem to be the most efficient seed dispersers of A. glandulosa at the study site: Myiodinastes maculatus (Muller, 1776), Empidonomus varius (Vieillot, 1818) e Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, 1819. Besides to swallow fruit whole, these birds contributed with 68.5% of the total feeding visits. A. glandulosa fruit are not the mainly part of the diet of any one of the observed bird species, since they do not fit in the frugivorous specialized category. However, as almost all the observed individuals swallow fruit whole, it is suppose that they promote an efficient dispersion of their seeds.


A very rare phosphate allanpringite was found in the abandoned quarry Milina near Zaječov, Czech Republic in Ordovician sediments of the Barrandian area. Allanpringite forms yellow powder and earthy aggregates. In a more detailed study using SEM microscope, allanpringite forms rod-shaped and tabular crystals. Its origin is associated with alteration of fluorwavellite. Empirical formula of the allanprigite is (Fe2.70Al0.24)Σ2.94(PO4)2.00(OH)2.83·5H2O and refined unit-cell parameters are a 9.774(5), b 7.361(3), c 17.826(8) Å, β 92.2(6)° and V 1281.5(9) Å3. Allanpringite was found in association with jarosite, variscite and partly altered fluorwavellite.


An omni-directional blanking channel is used in coiljunction witli a main channel to discriminate between mainlobe siguals and sidelobe interference (often called "repeat-back" signals) masquerading as true signals. When random sidelobe noise is present and repeat-back interference is absent, adaptive nulling can be applied to eliminate the random noise from the main channel. When botli random and repeatback interference are present simultaneously, adaptive nulling must be applied to botli tlie main and blanking channels. Straightforward extension of adaptive nulling techniques to the blanking channel requires many degrees of freedom if narrow nulls and an otherwise omni-directional pattern are to be re alized simultaneously. This paper presents a method capable of discriminating between repeat-back signals and mainlobc signals in the presence of noise interference, using a small number of degrees of freedom.


Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) provides a comprehensive, life cycle approach, to equipment management that minimizes equipment failures, production defects and accidents. It involves everyone in the organization from top level management to production mechanics and production support groups to outside suppliers. The objective is to continuously improve the availability and prevent the degradation of equipment to achieve maximum effectiveness. These objectives require strong management support as well as continuous use of work teams and small group activities to achieve incremental improvements. TPM is not a radically new idea; it is simply the next step in the evolution of good maintenance practices. The case study was carried out to check for the Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) of Different diesel generator-sets in the one of the Institutions Power Houses. On the basis of collected data and we calculated OEE of the four power house. We find out Availability, Performance efficiency, Quality rate. By using this data we calculated OEE of the four power house and compared. a) In Power House 1 - Generator 1 has an OEE of 85.12%, Generator 2 has an OEE of 84.61%, Generator 3 has an OEE of 84.44%, and Generator 4 has an OEE of 84.73%, b) In Power House 2 - Generator 1 has an OEE of 87.25%, Generator 2 has an OEE of 87.31%, c) Power House 3- Generator has an OEE of 88.63%, d) Power House 4 - Generator has an OEE of 85.06 %, we have to achieve 90% OEE.


The Birhan health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) was established to determine the magnitude and causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia among pregnant and postpartum women and children. Located in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region, the site includes 16 kebeles (villages) and spans two woredas (districts), Angolela Tera and Kewet/Shewa Robit. The initial census was conducted in May 2018, and core demographic and health events are updated every three months. The site has 18,933 households and a population of 77,766. Over 82.6% of the population is rural. During the baseline census, all households were geocoded; household members were enumerated; and data were collected on sociodemographic status, housing construction material, economics and asset ownership, care seeking behaviors, and water and sanitation access. During each subsequent round, data on key demographic events such as births, deaths, marital status changes, in-migration, or out-migration were collected for all enumerated household members. Pregnancy surveillance was conducted among married women of reproductive age 15-49 using a pregnancy screening questionnaire and confirmed by urine pregnancy tests. Morbidity and immunization status data for children aged under two years were collected during each round.


In this article we portray an inquiry into the problematic impact of the Chinese National Examination system on Chinese chemistry teaching and learning. The inquiry was conducted as a soulful autoethnography, illuminating the first‐hand experiences of a Chinese chemistry teacher struggling to reconcile contradictions between his humanistic ideals (of 'loose' teaching) and the technical forces (of 'strict' teaching) prevailing in his professional culture. This narrative inquiry yielded a mix of short stories and reflective commentary. In this article, selected stories present vignettes of the teacher's enactment of the national chemistry curriculum at critical periods early in his career. The article demonstrates the value of adopting soulful autoethnogaphy as a form of professional development, illustrating how multiple modes of inquiry can open up spaces for practical moral reflection (phronesis), soulful attunement (poesis) and contemplative thinking (theoria) which, taken together contribute to a loving praxis of transformative education. Consistent with the narrative representational form of the research, this article has a diachronic storied structure, which mirrors the process of the inquiry.


Somatic hybridization can be used to overcome sexual crossing barriers and the cross-incompatibility of distant hybridization.It offers an approach for the introgression of the beneficial genes from the flax(donor)genome to the wheat(recipient).Banding profiles of esterase isoenzyme analysis of putative somatic hybrids showed that the coexistence of biparents,novel or absent bandings presented in some clones meant that the chromatin elimination/introgression occurred during somatic hybridization.


The enzymatic oxidation of Cephalosporin C (CEPHC) was catalyzed by D-aminoacid oxidase, from the red yeast Trigonopsis variabilis, immobilized on Duolite A365. The study was performed in two different three phase bioreactors, gas-liquid-solid (immobilized enzyme): the fluidized-bed batch reactor, fed continuously with oxygen and discontinuously with CEPHC, and the UF-membrane reactor continuously fed with both substrates. Only the first reactor allowed significant product yield (>70%) while the second was a very useful tool for laboratory investigation of both bioconversion kinetics and enzyme stability.Optimum reaction temperature was 15d`C for the control of CEPHC spontaneous degradation (roughly 15% in 30 h), and enzyme deactivation (half-life greater than 30 h). Immobilization improved (one order of magnitude longer half-life) enzyme resistance to mechanical stresses induced by liquid stirring and gas bubbling. Roughly 0.04g of CEPHC was adsorbed per gram of enzyme carrier. The limiting step in oxyge...


Expressions of a current "Marx renaissance", the three books under review in this article raise crucial questions about memory, knowledge, and power for a new global Left. Traverso's reflections on Left future-oriented memory, Favilli's history of Italian Marxism, and Bourrinet's work on the Dutch and German communist Left explore a variety of "forms of Marxism". Most centrally, the three works raise still vital questions around Marxism and religion, science and utopia, knowledge and power, nation and globality.


The authors compare the FC-spaces,GFC-spaces and the abstract convex spaces introduced by Park,present a KKM type theorem for the family KKM(X,Y)and establish some new section theorems and coincidence theorem by using this theorem.As applications,fixed point theorem and maximal element theorem are proved.


Introduction: National Medical Commission (NMC) has revised MBBS curriculum and incorporated Competency Based Medical Curriculum (CBME) which describes various competencies. Most of the competencies are based on cognitive, psychomotor and affective domain, which an Indian medical graduate should attain. Both cognitive and psychomotor domains were taught as a part of curriculum however, students learned affective domain as a hidden curriculum only. Now CBME has incorporated affective domain as a part of MBBS curriculum in the form of Attitudes Ethics and Communication (AETCOM) module, teaching and evaluating the affective domain demands attention. Aim: To evaluate the performance of first year MBBS students in cognitive domain vs affective domain from their routine curriculum. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in SRM Medical college Hospital and research center from September 2019 to October 2019 among 149 1st year MBBS students. Three students were absent on day of assessment. Hence, 146 students were assessed in both domains. The performance of both domains (cognitive and affective) were assessed in the form of Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE). Chi-square was used to compare the qualitative data and Unpaired t-test was used to compare the means. Results: The mean age of the students was 18.66±0.64 years. About 76 (52.1%) were male and 70 (47.9%) were female students. Out of total, 22 (15.1%) of students had scored less than minimum mark for pass in cognitive and 8 (5.5%) of students had scored less than minimum mark for pass in AETCOM. Only 2 (1.3%) of students had scored less than minimum mark for pass in both OSPE examinations. In addition, 49 (33.5%) students had scored more than average marks in cognitive and 94 (64.4%) students had scored more than average in AETCOM and 34 (22.8%) of students had scored more than average in both domains. The difference in the mean score was found to be statistically significant (p-value<0.0001). Conclusion: This study concludes that the learners performed better in affective domain, when compared to cognitive domain.


A fall in serum tri‐iodothyronine (T3) is the earliest abnormality in thyroid hormonal function tests in non‐thyroidal illnesses. Our study shows an association of low serum T3 with patient mortality in elderly hospitalised patients.


Three buffalos(24-month-old) was used for three period digestive-metabolism trial,three treatments were concentrate 3 kg+elephant-grass 16.6 kg+15 g urea(A group);3 kg +elephant-grass 16.6 kg+30 g urea(B group);3 kg +elephant-grass 16.6 kg+45 g urea(C group).The results showed that with the urea addition in ration increased,the apparent digestibility of the the feed nutrients,nitrogen balance and N apparent digestibility in treatment B were best(P0.05);urinary excretion of PD no significant difference between treatment(P0.05);urinary excretion of creatinine was not significantly affected by urea addition in ration and the number stabilized at about 40 mmol/d(P0.05).


Introduction: The reconstruction of images from highly undersampled data, especially for the reconstruction of high frame rate MR Angiography images, has recently become a topic of great interest. Many methods which exploit both the sparse nature of angiographic images as well as the relatively mild undersampling artifacts of the radial trajectory have been introduced, including compressed sensing [1] and the HYPR family (for instance, [2-4]). This abstract proposes a new reconstruction method for sparse data using the Generalized Sampling Theorem (GST) [5] of Papoulis, called GST-MRA. GST implies that as long as the number of non-zero pixels in an image is less than the number of acquired k-space points, the image can be fully reconstructed. However, because the image matrix is much larger than the amount of data acquired for a given time frame, a constraint must be identified to reduce the total pixels in the final image. The composite image, made up of data from all time frames, is ideal for this purpose; by defining a threshold, a mask which limits the total number of image pixels can be created. This mask can be further sparsified by multiplying it by coil sensitivity maps. Given a very small system, the image can be solved for directly by defining and inverting the encoding function. However, in practice, this encoding matrix is large and ill-conditioned, making inversion both time-consuming and unstable. In addition, only a hard (i.e. logical) mask can be used in the direct method. For these reasons, GST-MRA has been implemented using the conjugate gradient algorithm (as in CG-SENSE [6]) in conjunction with a soft mask made up of the thresholded composite image and the coil sensitivity maps. GST-MRA is demonstrated in numerical simulations as well as in an AVM patient. Methods: The GST-MRA algorithm is shown in Figure 1. The first step is to generate a composite image using the data from all time frames. A soft mask is created by thresholding the composite image; this mask is then multiplied by coil sensitivity maps to further sparsify it for the subsequent reconstruction. A starting image for the CG iteration is created by gridding the data for a given time frame using NUFFT [7] and multiplying the resulting image by the mask. A slightly modified CG method is then employed, in that the intermediate images are multiplied by the inverse of the mask before resampling along the trajectory and by the mask after Cartesian resampling. A numerical phantom was created to assess the fidelity of the images and time courses generated using GST-MRA. The simulated dataset was made up of 2000 projections with a base resolution of 256 and different time courses to mimic arterial and venous flow. In order to combine coil sensitivity information into the reconstruction, each time frame image was multiplied by a simulated 8-channel receiver coil. The composite image was generated using all 2000 projections for each of the 8 channels, and the coil sensitivity map was generated using adaptively combined images [8] and the composite image. GST-MRA reconstructions were performed using 15 projections per time frame (R=20) and a composite threshold level of 10% of the maximum pixel value. In order to examine in vivo GST-MRA reconstructions, CE-MRA data were acquired on a patient with an arterial-venous malformation (AVM) with the following parameters: TR=3ms, TE=1.5ms, total projections=1344, 75% asymmetric echo, Matrix=192x192, FOV=220x220 FA=20°, Partitions=15, slice thickness=4mm. The composite image was generated using all of the collected projections, and GSTMRA reconstructions were generated using 15 projections per frame and a threshold level of 10%. Results: The arterial and venous time courses for the GST-MRA reconstruction of the numerical phantom are shown in Figure 2. GST-MRA accurately follows both with limited streaking in time frames where no venous signal should appear. Time frames from the AVM patient MRA reconstructed using GST-MRA are shown in the bottom row of Figure 3, with the corresponding gridded images shown in the top row. Representative time courses of arterial and venous pixels are shown in Figure 4 for both reconstruction methods. GST-MRA clearly improves the spatial localization and removes streaking artifacts and venous contamination as compared with NUFFT. Discussion: GST-MRA is a method for reconstructing sparse MR images with highly undersampled data using the Generalized Sampling Theorem in conjunction with a composite mask and coil sensitivity maps. This method improves the reconstruction fidelity, especially in later time frames, where there is more potential for spray from other vessels. One potential drawback to the method is that a threshold must be determined empirically; if this threshold is set improperly, either small vessels are masked out, or streak artifacts remain in the final image. In these reconstructions, however, the threshold choice has not been critical, and values between 10% and 15% offer similar image quality. In implementation, GST-MRA resembles both I-HYPR [3] and CG-HYPR [4]; the difference between them is that GST-MRA employs a masking step including coil sensitivity maps, further constraining the final reconstructed image. As evidenced by the simulation results and in vivo images, GST-MRA offers highly temporally resolved images with few streak artifacts and little venous contamination when using very small numbers of projections (15 for a base matrix of 192 in vivo). Thus, GST-MRA is promising for applications where both high spatial and temporal resolution are required, such as MR angiography. References: [1] Lustig M, et al. Magn Reson Med. 2007 Dec;58(6):1182-95. [2] Mistretta CA, et al. Magn Reson Med. 2006 Jan;55(1):30-40. [3] O'Halloran RL, et al. Magn Reson Med. 2008 Jan;59(1):132-9. [4] Griswold MA, et al. Proc. ISMRM 15, pg. 834 (2007) [5] Papoulis A. IEEE Trans Circ Syst 1977; CAS-24:652-654. [6] Pruessmann KP, et al. Magn Reson Med 2001 Oct;46(4):638-51. [7] Fessler JA. J Magn Reson. 2007 Oct;188(2):191-5. [8] Walsch DO. Magn Reson Med. 2000 May;43(5):682-90. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank NIH/NHLBI R01 088437 and Siemens Medical Solutions for support.


A mathematical model for the growth of gallium nitride in a vertical impinging metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor is developed. The dependence of the GaN film and the uniformity of the deposited layers on the inlet velocity is investigated to gain greater insight into the reactor performance and characteristics. Based on the simulation results, discussion is presented in this paper to offer the possibility of better control of the GaN film growth process and to ultimately lead to an optimization of the process.


In order to estimate soil solidification performance of EN-1 solidifying agent,saturated hydraulic conductivities for four types of soils collected from Yangling,Ankang,Ansai,and Jingbian in Shaanxi Province were investigated by indoor simulation test with different solidifying agent contents and curing ages.Results indicated that traces of EN-1 solidifying agent added in the tests can considerably reduce saturated hydraulic conductivities of yellow brown soil and Lou soil.The saturated hydraulic conductivities decreased rapidly with the increased curing age and dropped to zero when curing age was more than 14 days.Saturated hydraulic conductivities of loessal soil and sandy soil decreased not only with the increased addition of the solidifying agent,but also with the increased curing age.The saturated hydraulic conductivities of loessal soil and sandy soil were the lowest at the 1% EN-1 solidifying agent after 28 days curing.


Introduction Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as yeast, is a unicellular fungus with a cell cycle similar to that of humans. The first eukaryote to have its genome fully sequenced and a standard model organism in biology research,2 yeast is an organism that lends itself to multisensory experiences. It has been imaged extensively with light and atomic force microscopy, and anyone who has seen the bottom of a pint glass or walked past a bakery can speak to Saccharomyces cerevisiae's olfactory and gustatory allure. It is fitting, then, that this species is also the first to have its cellular noises amplified and recorded. Sonocytology, a recently developed technique within nanotechnology research, uses a scanning probe microscope to record the vibrational movements of cell walls and amplifies these vibrations so that humans can hear them. Yeast cells vibrate approximately one thousand times per sec-


The high purity soybean PC and PE were prepared with combining methods of solvents extraction and column chromatography from soybean oil degummed residues. The effects of different eluents and eluenting modes on separation of PC and PE were also studied. The soybean oil sediment was removed water and oil, and then separated into two parts (crude PC and PE) by using 95% ethanol extraction as the raw materials for column chromatography separation. A great deal of high purity PC(91.9%) and a little of PE(74.2%) can be obtained by using column chromatography of silica as sorbent with isocratic eluenting of methanol from crude PC. A little of high purity PC(96.7%) and a great deal of PE(82.1%) can be also obtained by gradient eluenting with chloroform-methanol (2∶1,V/V) and methanol from crude PE.


The invention discloses a preparation method of 2-chloromethyl-4-methoxyl-3,5-dimethyl pyridine hydrochloride. The preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps of: dissolving 2-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxyl-3,5-dimethyl pyridine into toluene; adding a toluene solution of triphosgene dropwise at 0 to 10 DEG C; after the reaction is finished, adding a small amount of methanol dropwise; removing acidic gas under reduced pressure; and centrifuging and drying the reaction liquid to obtain the 2-chloromethyl-4-methoxyl-3,5-dimethyl pyridine hydrochloride. The preparation method of the 2-chloromethyl-4-methoxyl-3,5-dimethyl pyridine hydrochloride has the advantages of simpleness in operation, high yield, high purity and few three wastes.


In previous papers the morphology of Trypanosoma simiœ and its action on animals have been described. In this it is intended to give an account of its development in Glossina morsitans . Before entering, however, into the details of this particular development, it may be of interest to take a general survey of the various modes of development which take place in the different groups of trypanosomes. It may then be laid down that there is a well marked separate and characteristic mode of development in each of the three main groups of trypanosomes:—


The trend toward humanism of international law is an important feature of contemporary international law.Under this background,the value of individuals is cherished and their status is upgraded.However,this phenomenon doesn't make the individual rights and status expand unlimitedly.It never changes the character of international law as the regime between states.Obviously,in the existing framework of international law,individuals do not have absolute autonomous status yet,the realization of their rights still depends on the States' intentions.


One of the 82nd Illinois Volunteers' finest moments during the Civil War came at Resaca, Georgia on May 14, 1864. On that afternoon north of Atlanta, Major General David Stanley's division of Howard's IV Corps, on the extreme left of Sherman's line in the attack of the first day, found its left flank "in the air." Stanley's line was in danger of being overlapped by John Bell Hood's Rebel defenders. At 4 p.m., Hood ordered the attack, designed to crush Stanley's exposed flank and sweep on into Sherman's rear. At that moment, it was more than plausible that Hood's tough veterans could carry out their orders. Stanley, seeing the attack coming, placed Captain Peter Simonson's 5th Indiana Battery on his extreme left and sent a courier galloping to Howard for reinforcements. Urgent consultations with Army of the Cumberland commander General George Thomas resulted in orders to Joseph Hooker to send reinforcements from his Twentieth Corps troops lying in reserve. The 82nd was by this time a veteran regiment in Col. James Robinson's Brigade of the First Division of the XX Corps. Following Thomas' orders, Hooker directed the First Division, under the grizzled Michigander Alpheus Williams, to move at the double-quick to Stanley's aid. Williams' men, "lounging in the rear watching medical orderlies dig graves for future occupancy" were no doubt glad to be on the move.1 In Williams' own words, "I received orders to march my division as rapidly as possible to support the left of Stanley's division ... I moved at once by the left flank . . . and in about an hour-and-a-half, without halts, reached the position designated by [Hooker] ... this was a wooded ridge bordering a narrow, cultivated valley.. near the head of which were the defiles and steep hills held by the enemy in defense of Resaca. Robinson's (Third) Brigade quickly deployed along the left of this ridge. . ."2 Just in front of Robinson (and the 82nd) stood Simonson's courageous battery, firing at Hood's men who were forming in the defiles. Suddenly, Hood's veterans charged. The field around the battery was covered with the fleeing remnants of Stanley's artillery supports, followed closely by ". . . the exultant enemy making confidently for the battery". After a fruitless effort to halt and reform the men of the IV Corps, Williams ordered Robinson's brigade at once into the open to support the battery. Robinson's troops moved quickly down the wooded ridge, crossed a creek, and changed front on his right regiment.3 That right regiment was the 82nd Illinois, made up of German, Jewish, Scandinavian and Swiss immigrants and commanded at this point in its career by Lt. Colonel Edward Selig Salomon, a lawyer, alderman, and German-Jewish community leader from Chicago's Ward Six. According to Salomon's account of this action, the movement of his regiment preceded that of the brigade. While it is difficult to precisely reconcile the timing involved, it is clear that this "right regiment" led the attack. Salomon related in his official report of the battle that "...the brigade was formed [in the rear of the Fourth Corps] on the high bank of a little creek, an open field in our front; my regiment had the right of the brigade. Before the formation of our line was completed, the brigade on the left of the Fourth Corps (to our right) gave way and fell back in considerable confusion, the rebels following them so closely that the Fifth Indiana Battery was in danger of being taken. At this critical moment, I ordered the regiment to charge, although the brigade was not in line yet. I led the regiment in double-quick down the bank of the creek, and charged with a hurrah across the open field, and giving the enemy a full volley we drove them back. The balance of the brigade soon joined us, and after a brisk fire of fifteen minutes the enemy fell back and the battery was saved. The brigade occupied the field for the night.4 Robinson, the brigade commander, adds some details in his official report, when he relates that ". …


Abstract A college mathematics placement test with 25 basic algebra items and 15 calculus readiness items was administered to 1572 high school seniors, and first college mathematics course grades were obtained for 319 of these students. Test results indicated that more than two thirds of the high school graduates were not college ready, and the test results were reasonably consistent with the ACT Math benchmark score of 22 for college readiness. Analysis of ACT Math scores, basic algebra scores, calculus readiness scores, and course grades indicated that basic algebra scores are reasonable predictors of grades in College Algebra, whether traditional or modeling-based.


We developed in a previous work a two-factor Gaussian process latent variable model(TF-GPLVM) to perform spectral conversion using a strategy of speaker characteristics replacement. Despite its improved performance compared with traditional mapping-based methods, the model suffers from two drawbacks: 1) it cannot capture the speech dynamical characteristics, and 2) there is a large number of parameters to estimate. To overcome these two drawbacks, we propose in this paper to combine TF-GPLVM with hidden Markov model(HMM), and develop an enhanced two-factor Gaussian process dynamic model(TF-GPDM). In the model, the speech dynamics are modeled by state transition probability of HMM, meanwhile speech frames are categorized into a limited number of phonetic content classes using HMM states.Both subjective and objective evaluations show that, compared with both traditional mapping-based methods, such as Gaussian mixture model(GMM) and FW, and TF-GPLVM based one, the proposed TF-GPDM not only improves the speech quality and identity similarity, but also reaches a better compromise between the two dimensions.


Oh the deadly snares That women set for women--without pity Either to soul or honour! Learn by me To know your foes. In this belief 1 die: Like our own sex, we have no enemy, no enemy! --Thomas Middleton, Women Beware Women 5.2.209-13 Dear sisters, we have met the enemy and she is us. --Marianne M. Jennings A14 The first quotation above is from Thomas Middleton's Women Beware Women, a bloody seventeenth-century tragedy that focuses on a wealthy widow who routinely betrays the women who trust her. The second excerpt can be found in the essay, "Who's Harassing Whom?," in which Marianne M. Jennings argues that twentieth-century women have exacerbated the issue of sexual harassment, muddying the court system with unwarranted complaints. Both quotations represent a significant rhetorical tradition by which social and political conflicts are displaced onto the narrative of female rivalry. The prevalence of this tradition raises pertinent questions: What motivates this long-existing cultural preoccupation with pitting women against women? Moreover, what can we say about the historical specificity of the trope of female rivalry--or of its narrative's ability to trespass historical, cultural, and ideological boundaries? This essay begins with a discussion of the dissemination of eighteenth-century gender ideology in British literature, in particular the construction of the domestic ideal in conduct book literature. I argue that the success of domestic ideology in the cultural imagination depends on exorcising from "ideal" femininity any desire not consistent with patriarchy. In conduct book fiction, this means that the positive female exemplar is necessarily contrasted with a negative female exemplar; the hero's choice of the positive female exemplar thus represents society's corresponding rejection of the traits embodied by her rival. I then consider how negative representations of groups of women might also represent anxieties about the threat posed by increasing female authorship to male authority. Finally, given that so many of the authors of eighteenth-century courtship novels are women, my essay then considers how two particular women writers--Frances Burney and Maria Edgeworth--redeploy the trope of female rivalry to interrogate the factors underlying women's vexed relationships with each other. DISSEMINATING DOMESTIC IDEOLOGY AND EXORCISING THE "WHORE" The Christian New Testament tells the story of Jesus meeting and healing a man possessed by demons; Jesus does so by casting the demons into a herd of pigs who then throw themselves from a cliff. The eighteenth-century construction of ideal femininity might best be understood as a similar sort of exorcism insofar as, prior to the eighteenth century, it was commonly suspected that all women might contain both sides of the virgin/whore binary. In pre-eighteenth-century literature, female characters tend to take one of two forms: the chaste virgin, existing only as a muse or object of male worship (think Shakespeare's Juliet or Sidney's Stella), or the temptress responsible for men's demise (think Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth or Spenser's Duessa). Rarely do these figures possess any interiority; they are either flatly good or flatly bad. (1) In fact, many early modern texts demonstrate the belief that all women embody both sides of the virgin/ whore binary, their chaste beauty masking a monstrous underbelly. Jacques Olivier's popular 1617 tract, An Alphabet of Women's Imperfections, is particularly vitriolic. He scolds women: "You live here on earth as the world's most imperfect creature: the scum of nature, the cause of misfortune, the source of quarrels, the toy of the foolish, the plague of the wise, the stirrer of hell, the tinder of vice, the guardian of excrement, a monster in nature, an evil necessity, a multiple chimera, a sorry pleasure, Devil's bait, the enemy of angels" (qtd. …


 Executive function (EF) encompasses cognitive processes that allow flexible and adaptive behavior in the face of novel or changing situations.  The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is the gold standard measure of EF in neuropsychological assessment. 1  In category learning and choice tasks, a regulatory fit has been shown to increase cognitive flexibility and exploratory response strategies.2,3  A regulatory fit occurs when one's regulatory focus (i.e. long-term goal) matches the reward structure of the task (i.e. short term goal).  Relevant to clinical assessment because many neuropsychological tasks require flexib le cognitive processing. 4 Introduction


Background: In observational studies moderate alcohol use reduces cardio-respiratory mortality. However observational studies may be biased by many factors including residual confounding by unmeasured differences between moderate alcohol users and other groups or by changes in alcohol use with ill-health and aging. We used two different analytic strategies in an under-studied population, i.e. southern Chinese, to provide an assessment of the specific impact of moderate alcohol use on mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods: In a population-based case-control study of all adult deaths in Hong Kong Chinese in 1998, we used adjusted logistic regression to compare alcohol use in decedents aged ≥ 60 years from IHD (2270) and COPD (1441) with 10,320 living and 9043 dead controls (all non-alcohol related deaths). We also examined whether the association of alcohol use with death from IHD or COPD varied with sex or smoking status. Results: Using living controls and adjusted for age, socio-economic status and lifestyle, occasional and moderate alcohol use were generally associated with lower mortality from IHD and COPD. However, using dead controls the protection of occasional and moderate alcohol use appeared to be limited to ever-smokers for IHD (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46 to 0.73 for moderate compared to never-use in ever-smokers, but OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.50 in never-smokers), and possibly to men for COPD. High alcohol use was associated with lower IHD mortality and possibly with lower COPD mortality. Conclusion: High levels of alcohol use in an older Chinese population were associated with lower IHD mortality. Moderate alcohol use was less consistently protective against IHD mortality. Alcohol use was associated with lower COPD mortality particularly in men, either due to some yet to be clarified properties of alcohol or as the artefactual result of genetic selection into alcohol use in a Chinese population. Given the increasing use of alcohol in China with economic development, other designs and analytic strategies are needed to assess the impact of alcohol in this population, so that an evidence-based public health policy can be formulated. Published: 5 February 2009 BMC Public Health 2009, 9:49 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-49 Received: 10 June 2008 Accepted: 5 February 2009 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/49 © 2009 Schooling et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


For the initiation of somatic embryogenesis early cotyledonary stage of zygotic embryo explants (from 15th July until late August) was suitable. The highest frequency of differentiation of somatic embryos was obtained on cotyledons of zygotic embryos cultured on basal modified medium MS (with 1/2 concentration macronutrients) or WPM medium containing 500 mg•l -1 glutamine, proline and casein hydrolysate and supplemented with 2,4-D (1,0-2,0 mg•l -1 ) and BAP (0,5-1,0 mg•l -1 ). The development of somatic embryos was direct and indirect and the process was continuous over a long period. Primary somatic embryos were able to produce secondary embryos. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis led to the proliferation of a large number of new somatic embryos on their cotyledons, hypocotyl or radicula. The process of embryo differentation is asynchronous - various stages of somatic embryos could be observed in embryogenic culture. A somatic embryo conversion was rare on tested media. Embryo germination occured on medium containing BAP (0,1 mg•l -1 ) or on medium with ABA and GA 3 (each 0,2 mg•l -1 ) after a previous culture on WPM medium without plant growth regulators supplemented with sorbitol (6%). The embryo germination occurred also on WPM medium with 0.2 mg•l -1 BAP when cultures were mantained at 2 o C for 4 weeks. Only 8 somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Their transplantation to in vivo conditions was unsuccessful.


Nations export to earn foreign exchange for their overseas expenditures, to increase national income and employment, and to promote certain political aims. All search for new ways by which exports may be increased such as desirable products, low prices, easy credit, or reciprocating tariff or quota treatment. One important mode of augmenting exports is export credit insurance. It operates on the theory that extension of credit by exporting firms will produce additional export sales, and insurance of those credit sales will lessen their riskiness, thereby providing an incentive for the industrial firm to conclude more transactions on credit.


Digital library technology presents new opportunities for academic libraries to expand access to their collections. A full-scale digital library project involves complex development issues and problems. Collaboration through academic-industry partnerships has emerged as an important strategy for libraries to better leverage resources, minimize risks and increase expertise. The inclusion of faculty and students in the development process further ensures that the system will serve the needs of the academic community locally and remotely. The Marist College multimedia digital library project models the development process and structure of a partnership with a major technology company, information industry vendors and other academic institutions.


Organic Computing Systems feature self-organization techniques to manage complex distributed systems. This paper proposes an implementation of self-x techniques in an organic middleware. We extend a middleware by an Organic Manager that is based on an automated planner. The Organic Manager unites self-x features which were formerly implemented separately.


The title compound, C13H12N2O2S, was prepared by the reaction of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone and thiophene-2-carbohydrazide. The dihedral angle between the benzene and thiophene rings is 10.07 (17)°. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond may influence the molecular conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [010].


Two content will discussed in the text, the first is that "I losing me of Zhuangzi "consists of two respects which belong to gongfu and philos. It' s meaning is both Dao is seen while losing me and the free will come after the dao is seen. The second is "the huge wood of Zhuangzi" whose form is ugly and whose image is beautiful. It's essence is an original view by Zhuangzi to the individual meaning to the life and death. While , it also is a detached and desirable attitude in life.


One question before the high-performance computing community is "How will application developers write code for exascale machines?" At this point it looks like they might be riding a rough beast indeed. This paper is a brief assessment of where we stand now with respect to writing programs for our largest supercomputers and what we should do next. MPI is likely to remain a critical part of the programming infrastructure as we move towards exascale, but more is needed, in particular a robust, portable, and effective standard for parallel programming within a single address space, perhaps for heterogeneous processors. Formal methods provide the only truly scalable approach to developing correct code in this complex programming environment.


Flow behavior of gas and solids in a two-dimensional magnetically assisted bubbling fluidized bed with whole magnetic balls under vertical gradient magnetic field was simulated. The motion of the gas was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the particles were simulated by using discrete element method (DEM), and the effects of the magnetic strength in the fluidized bed with the additional magnetic field on the bubbling growing, motion of magnetic particles, gas pressure loss and interaction forces between particles were discussed. The simulation results show that, in the magnetic field with a descending gradient along the fluidized bed height, due to the effect of magnetic induction, the magnetic particles form particle chains which inhibit the formation of big size bubbles; and the particle diffusion coefficient decrease with the increase of magnetic field intensity, while the inter-particle magnetic forces and the gradient magnetic force increase with the increase of magnetic field intensity. The drag forces between the gas and particles firstly decrease slightly and then increase with the increase of magnetic field intensity, while the variation of the contact forces between the particles is reverse of that of the drag force.


Cadmium is known to hamper plant growth through disruption in structure, nutrition, water relations and metabolism in addition to oxidative stress induction. While, potassium has crucial role in the energy status of plants, translocation/storage of assimilates and tissue water relations. Further, it activates over 60 enzyme systems, aids in photosynthesis, regulates stomatal opening and nutrients translocation and enhances synthesis of starch and proteins. These physiological and biochemical aspects of potassium could also be having a remedial role in counteracting the detrimental effects of cadmium. However, such relationship has rarely been studied in detail. Therefore, the study in view was envisaged for exploiting potassium to counter-balance the cadmium toxicity in soybean. Emphasis was laid on growth, physiology and biochemistry of two soybean genotypes differing in cadmium response. Following treatments were employed under factorial design in hydroponics: Check (no cadmium or potassium applied); cadmium only; potassium only; cadmium + potassium. Cadmium reduced growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance markedly in both genotypes. Enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were also detected in plants exposed to cadmium than those with potassium alone or combined with cadmium. The activities of SOD and POD were found higher in cv. Liao-1 than in cv. Zhechun3. Apparently, potassium and cadmium behaved antagonistically; suggesting that potassium could be a candidate for cadmium detoxification in crops cultivated under polluted environments.


An electronic monomer method thereof, the electronic unit comprising: an electronic element and a reinforcing layer, said reinforcing layer covers the side of the electronic component without covering the active surface of the electronic component, in order to enhance the structural strength of the electronic monomer Therefore when the electronic unit to take place, to avoid the loss of the electronic component deterioration problem.


Based on the principle of non-self detection, this paper studied detectors generating algorithm of Computer Immune System(CIS). First of all, simply introduced Negative Selection Algorithm (NSA), and summarized other detector generating algorithms. Then, based on Negative Selection Principle, proposed two kinds of detector generating algorithms. They are Bits Mutation Growth Detector Generating Algorithm (BMGDGA) and Arithmetical-compliment Growth Detector Generating Algorithm (AGDGA). Finally, The proposed algorithms were verified by different datasets, and compared to Exhaustive Detector Generating Algorithm (EDGA). It is turned out that two algorithm's synthesized properties are superior to EDGA.


Driving voltage, driving frequency, phase difference and operating temperature are the parameters which affect the speed stability of a travelling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM). The weight coefficients of these parameters should be determined for the purpose of ensuring the speed stability of a TWUSM with a maximum level under different operating conditions. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for the speed stability analysis of the TWUSM using genetic k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) and the speed stability classes of new test observations are achieved accurately. Furthermore, the genetic k-NN algorithm is compared with the classic k-NN algorithm in terms of prediction accuracy using Euclidean, Manhattan and Minkowski distance metrics. As a result of experimental studies, it is shown that the TWUSM parameters weighted by the genetic k-NN algorithm increase the speed stability of the TWUSM significantly and the genetic k-NN algorithm outperforms the classic k-NN algorithm for all of distance metrics.


Jerome S. Bernstein is a Jungian analyst in private practice in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Living in the Borderland addresses the evolution of Western consciousness and describes the emergence of the ''Borderland,'' a spectrum of reality that is beyond the rational yet is palpable to an increasing number of individuals. Building on Jungian theory, Jerome Bernstein argues that a greater openness to transrational reality experienced by Borderland personalities allows new possibilities for understanding and healing confounding clinical and developmental enigmas. In three sections, this book examines the psychological and clinical implications of the evolution of consciousness and looks at how the new Borderland consciousness bridges the mind body divide. Subjects covered include:


Providing a platform for individuals with chronic illnesses to express their story can facilitate individuals in redefining their identity and their relationships. People suffering from chronic illness commonly withdraw from their loved ones, and isolate themselves from society because they believe others cannot relate to them, and they feel as if their identities have been lost. However, if individuals express their life challenges with others through the use of narratives, they will be able to find alternative coping strategies and find ways to accept their lifelong diagnosis. This will enable individuals to foster healthy relationships with family, friends, and healthcare providers. Further research must be conducted to evaluate the influence of chronic illness and disease on maintaining relationships and identities for a better understanding of what individuals should expect as they age.


Using the data of statistic books, with the help of SPSS soft, this paper makes a principal components analysis on the comprehensive urbanization development level of 31 provinces in our country, and on basis of it, a hierarchical cluster analysis is made, so the 31 provinces are divided into 5 types, according to the result, the attributes of each type can be concluded, at last I set forward my own suggestion and consideration.


Vehicle active safety control attracts ever increasing attention in order to improve the stability and the maneuverability. In this paper, an integrated control of active front steering and direct yaw moment for multi-wheel independently driven electric vehicles is proposed. The proposed system is co-simulated based on the vehicle simulation package CarSim in connection with Matlab/Simulink. The simulated results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Contrast agents are of great importance in clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to improve the contrast of internal body structures and to obtain tissue-specific image. However, current approved contrast agents still have limitations including low relaxivity, low specificity and uncontrolled blood circulation time, which motivated researchers to develop novel contrast agents with higher relaxivity, improved targeting abilities and optimal retention time. This thesis uses animal experimental data from Dr. Jenny J. Yang's lab at the Department of Chemistry in Georgia State University to study effects of a class of newly designed proteinbased MRI contrast agents (ProCAs). Models for the longitudinal data on MRI intensity are constructed to evaluate the efficiency of different MRI contrast agents. Statistically significant results suggest that ProCA1B14 has the great potential to be a tumor specific contrast agent and ProCA32 could be a promising MRI contrast agent for the liver imaging in clinical applications. INDEX WORDS: Contrast agent, Linear mixed effects model, Longitudinal study, MRI, Protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCA), ProCA1, ProCA1B14, ProCA32 MRI SIGNAL INTENSITY ANALYSIS OF NOVEL PROTEIN-BASED MRI CONTRAST AGENTS


AbstractTwo types of steel, 20MnCr5 and S275JR, are compared in this paper based on numerical prediction of their fracture behavior. The comparison was made using the numerically determined J-integral, an important fracture mechanics parameter. For that reason, a numerical algorithm that calculates the J-integral as a measure of crack driving force was developed. As an input, the algorithm uses results from the finite element analysis conducted on numerical models of two types of specimens usually used in experimental fracture investigations, single-edge notched bend (SENB) and disc compact type (DCT). The J-integral results obtained are plotted versus specimen crack growth size (Δa) for a range of specimens' initial crack sizes (a/W=0.25, 0.5, 0.75).