Objective To explore the change of the pre-swallow peak pressure of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) in patients with post-stroke cricopharyngeal achalasia,and investigate the effect of pre-swallowing peak UES pressure on swallowing function by quantitative analysis.Methods Fifty-seven stroke patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia were recruited and divided into balloon dilation group,combined training group and routine swallowing training group with 19 patients in eachp.All the three groups accepted routine swallowing training.In addtion,the routine swallowing training group and balloon dilation group accepted larynx elevation training and balloon dilation training,respectively,while the combined training group accepted larynx elevation training and balloon dilation training simultaneously.The pre-swallow peak UES pressure was measured by using PC polygraph high rate gastrointestinal dynamical detection system (PC Polygraf HR,CTD-synectics,Sweden) before and after 8 weeks of treatment.The swallowing function was assessed using swallowing function classification and water swallowing test.Results Before treatment,there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of the pre-swallow peak UES pressure,swallowing function classification,water swallowing test and VFSS (P > 0.05).After treatment,pre-swallow peak UES pressure,swallowing function classification,water swallowing test and VFSS of the balloon dilation group and combined training group improved significantly compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05),and the improvement in the combined training group was to a significantly better extent than in the balloon dilation group(P <O.05).Conclusion Balloon dilation and larynx elevation training plus routine swallowing training can increase pre-swallow peak UES pressure,decrease the UES resting pressure of stroke patients with cricopharyngeal achalasia,which is of great importance for their recovery.

Key words:
Cricopharyngeal achalasia ;  Rehabilitation ;  Dysphagia ;  Biomechanics


For a non-empty ground set $X$, finite or infinite, the {\em set-valuation} or {\em set-labeling} of a given graph $G$ is an injective function $f:V(G) \to \mathcal{P}(X)$, where $\mathcal{P}(X)$ is the power set of the set $X$. A set-indexer of a graph $G$ is an injective set-valued function $f:V(G) \to \mathcal{P}(X)$ such that the function $f^{\ast}:E(G)\to \mathcal{P}(X)-\{\emptyset\}$ defined by $f^{\ast}(uv) = f(u){\ast} f(v)$ for every $uv{\in} E(G)$ is also injective, where $\ast$ is a binary operation on sets. An integer additive set-indexer is defined as an injective function $f:V(G)\to \mathcal{P}({\mathbb{N}_0})$ such that the induced function $f^+:E(G) \to \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ defined by $f^+ (uv) = f(u)+ f(v)$ is also injective, where $\mathbb{N}_0$ is the set of all non-negative integers. In this paper, we critically and creatively review the concepts and properties of integer additive set-valued graphs.


This paper solves the gait recognition problem in a multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) framework. Gait sequences are naturally described as tensor objects and feature extraction for tensor objects is important in computer vision and pattern recognition applications. Classical principal component analysis (PCA) operates on vectors and it is not directly applicable to gait sequences. This work introduces an MPCA framework for feature extraction from gait sequences by seeking a multilinear projection onto a tensor subspace of lower dimensionality which captures most of the variance of the original gait samples. A subset of the extracted eigen-tensors are selected and the classical LDA is then applied. In experiments, gait recognition results are reported on the Gait Challenge data sets using the proposed solution. The results indicate that with a simple design, the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.


Traffic signal optimisation may lead to the alleviation, to some extent, of urban traffic congestion, particularly by using real-time data rather than expected traffic flow data. Recent advances in radar technology have made it possible to observe detailed traffic flow data in and around roadway intersections in real time. The notion of self-organisation has relatively recently been proposed as a promising alternative to improve the effective allocation of green time, particularly under lighter traffic conditions. A fixed-time control strategy and seven self-organising algorithms are compared in a microscopic traffic simulation model of a provincial road in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Actual arrival rates are used as input for the model, while the algorithms are compared using six performance measure indicators, under both light and moderate traffic conditions. The results are used to make a case for the adoption of self-organising traffic signal control algorithms, especially under conditions of light to moderate traffic densities, since this can lead to significant improvements in traffic flow in terms of delay time, vehicle stops, and time spent travelling at unacceptably slow speeds through the road network.


The objectives were to make a description of the hospital and the works undertaken, exposing the conditions of the agreement between the city and religious and describe changes that occur during 1894. There has been a historical documentary study during the years 2014-2015 of the files deposited in the Municipal Archives of Trujillo. The Municipal Hospital in the city of Trujillo, was destined to service citizens, sick soldiers and bystanders. The Sisters Lovers of Jesus and Mary Immaculate performed treatment of patients since the year 1890. To assist the sisters would be hired a nurse and a nurse, paid by the city. During 1894 the City Council performed changes that produced the cessation of the assistance service of religious. The changes originated by the complaints of some patients and the high costs that the City Council had to pay for hospital maintenance. With the cessation, the religious began to study a new organization of the regime and the management of the institution.


In EUV Lithography, mask shadowing effect and photon shot noise effect are the main sources of patterning limit, critical dimension (CD) non-uniformity and low imaging properties. In this paper, the patterning performance of a 6% attenuated phase shift mask (PSM) is valuated, and the results show that this can be used for half-pitch (hp) down to 14 nm with 0.33NA due to the improved stochastic patterning properties. The proposed PSM consists of 26.5 nm of TaN as an absorber layer and 14 nm of Mo as a phase shifter on 2.5 nm thick Ru capped Mo/Si multilayers. This structure has ~6% reflectivity at the absorber stack and 180° phase shift. The improved stochastic resist patterning properties of PSM were compared with those of conventional binary intensity mask (BIM) with a 70 nm-thick TaN absorber for the 14 ~ 22 nm line and space (L/S) 1:1 dense pattern with 0.33NA off-axis illumination conditions with a EUV generic resist model.


Who cares for the nation's infants and toddlers? For one of every two children under age three whose mother works, the face of the caregiver belongs to a family member--a parent or a relative. This pattern has held steady for decades, despite dramatic changes in families and child care options. Mothers (and grandmothers) have increasingly entered the labor force, divorce and single parenthood have restructured families, and young parents are likely to live at a distance from their own parents. A growing number of child care centers now serve infants and toddlers, advertising the educational opportunities they offer to the very young. Even so, children under age three are less likely to spend their days in a center than they are to be with a relative, such as a grandmother or an aunt. (1) Controversy has come to surround this traditional form of care, however, as the child care profession has matured. The care that relatives provide is often disparaged as nothing more than "baby-sitting." Because many relative caregivers lack child care training, are invisible to state authorities, and work for little or no compensation, their work is seen by some child care advocates as threatening the drive toward professionalism in the child care field. These criticisms have sharpened in recent years, as public child care subsidies have increasingly been used to reimburse relatives, whereas before the 1990s, public subsidies were often reserved for care provided in formal child care settings that were licensed by authorities. Although there are those who view public support of relative care as an undesirable trend, (2) others stress its value to families who find this form of care best suited to their needs. Despite differing opinions about these policy issues, however, most observers agree that much remains to be learned about the child care that occurs within families. (3,4) This article briefly describes an ethnographic study of unregulated child care in a working class community in the Northeast (dubbed East Urban). (5) As described in Boxes 1 and 2, this study documented the child care choices and experiences of working families in East Urban, many of whom trusted and preferred care by relatives to other child care options. The study concluded by discussing what it means to respect parental choices, judgments, and values concerning child care--even when these choices differ from those that professionals might make. This article builds on the study's insights by describing current thinking about how to judge and strengthen the quality of the care that relatives offer to children. Who Relies on Relative Care? In the eyes of the working class families in the East Urban study, a willing maternal grandmother would be the ideal caregiver for infants and toddlers. A mother would trust her own mother, as she would trust no one else, to take good care of her baby. Grandmothers and other close relatives were assumed to be bound to the best interests of the child by deeply emotional and lifelong love. Relatives were relied upon as repositories of family values, traditions, and sometimes language. Relative care might also bring the advantages of convenient location, flexible hours, and low cost. More important, in this community at least, trust in a relative counted far more than the child care credentials of any stranger. (5) Although relative care is somewhat more commonly used by families who are of color and are poor, it is relied on by parents of all income levels and ethnicities. As mentioned above, a national survey conducted in 1997 found that relatives cared for 27% of children under age three whose mothers were employed, whereas parents themselves retained the care of another 27%. The steady proportion of families who rely on relatives for child care reflects the continued strength of traditional support systems, even in a rapidly changing society. Contrary to expectations, demographers have found that intergenerational ties not only remain intact, but are in some respects growing stronger. …


In this case, CIPO is bridging the gap between the examining division responsible for PCT applications and its regular Examiners. In effect, CIPO is introducing a Patent Prosecution Highway within itself! Under the new PCT-PPH, Examiners can refer to the results of preliminary examination during the international phase of the PCT process to speed up examination of the national application. CIPO's goal is to provide a first action (an allowance or substantive report) within 90 days of a request for participation in the PCTPPH program.


Natural and man-made fibres of natural origin are more and more widely used, while consideration of sustainability is constantly increasing. The properties and processing behaviour of newly introduced fibres of natural origin are usually compared and often predicted on the basis of widely investigated fibres; however, this prediction sometimes does not have any confirmed basis. Structural parameters and the majority of mechanical and physical properties of knitted fabrics depend on technical characteristics of the knitting machine, on the properties of yarns as well as on the origin of the raw material. This study attempts to develop knits from new natural peat fibres and their combination with widely used woollen, cotton and elastomeric Lycra yarns and to investigate the influence of peat fibre's nature on structural parameters such as loop length, wale and course spacing, area density, the tightness factor and on main physical properties such as dimensional stability, air permeability and water adsorption.


model except for the TaperGuard: while leak rate was on average approximately 65x higher than the novel device, fluid this result failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.3). While clear limitations exist due to the approximative nature of a bench-top setup, the novel device provided significantly better results in reducing leak rate in all but one of 8 comparisons, and non-significantly better results in one. While these results are promising, future studies are required for a more accurate and in-vivo comparison in order to evaluate the real benefit of this novel tool.


Now,the specific training age has advanced,just as skiing project,early specific training exists in train- ing practice because of some causes.Early specific training for junior skiing athletes may lead to shortening of sports life span and decrease of sports level.This paper will point out the disadvantages of early specific training of junior skiing athletes,in order to offer theoretical basis for junior skiing training.


During recent years of increased smartphone and tablet adoption there has been a growing interest in how to improve training and performance opportunities with mobile learning and mobile performance support. Increasingly, instructional designers and developers of traditional eLearning are realizing that the design paradigms for mobile learning are significantly different. Results from a needs assessment conducted for the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL)'s Mobile Training Implementation Framework (MoTIF) project in 2014 identified a strong demand for a mobile learning design model that can effectively inform, situate, and invite consideration of tactical learning approaches, mobile usage patterns, and mobile affordances. This paper is based on nearly three years of research findings on mobile learning and performance support as part of the MoTIF project. The findings led to the development of a reference model that could improve the design of training and performance support solutions for mobile devices. The reference model components were substantiated by the quantitative and qualitative data collected during the needs assessment and will be iteratively refined and evaluated for improvements in the future. While the model will continue to capture new considerations as an innovative mobile learning design strategy, it can actually be leveraged and adopted by DoD education and training initiatives today as either a conceptual framework or decision support tool.


It is indicated by a first signal generator (1) whose output signal varies as a function of a torque, a second signal generator (2), the output signal of counter varies in response to torque, a torque sensor, and a circuit arrangement that a difference former (OP3 has) and summing means (OP4). DOLLAR A One would like to win a torque signal simply. DOLLAR A purpose, passes through the output signal (S1, S2) of each signal transmitter (1, 2) an amplifier (OP1, OP2, OP11) with regulated and both the output signals (S1, S2) the same amplification factor (V), and the amplified output signals liegem on subtractor (OP3) and the summing means (OP4), where the output of the summing means (OP4) having a controller (C) is connected, which controls the gain (V).


Code of project : A-83/2558 Project name : Study of failure behavior of rock mass around circular tunnel under excavation process by element free-Garlerkin method Researcher : Dr.Jukkrawut Tunsakul This study aims to evaluate the stability of rock mass under high internal pressure due to gas storage. The reasonable failure planes by element free Galerkin method (EFG) considered from influenced factors are used to evaluate. Before the stability of rock mass is evaluated, the EFG is developed and analyzed the failure planes by varying the in-situ stress ratio 0.5, 1 and 3 with scaled down model. The obtained failure paths from this study and previous study are good agreement The EFG is extended to analyze the prototype model. It is found that k equal or greater than 1 is suitable for assessing the potential for the site rock to host pressurized underground tunnel at initial stage of design. For case k less than 1, the failure plane move up to ground surface therefore that case will be evaluated stability. Limit equilibrium analysis with proposed failure plane is adapted to evaluate the stability. From evaluation stability, preliminary design chart is obtained for tunnel under internal pressure by considering effect of depth, radius of tunnel, level of pressure and overburden pressure. The evaluation on the factor of safety can be useful for preliminary design stage for pressurized underground tunnel.


Improvements in technology, increasing in resolution and various correction techniques of analogue-to-digital converters (ADC) makes linearity testing of ADC difficult and time-consuming task. New methods and approaches are examined. Statical and histogram tests require long time measurement and huge amount of data to be analysed. This paper deals with original approach for ADC modelling and testing that reduces time of measurement, providing information about linearity errors character with a good precision.


【Objective】 To explore the qualitative diagnosis of dual-source CT on urinary urate stones and non-urate stones and analyze the radiation dose of single energy and dual energy.【Methods】 collection of clinical suspicion for abdominal pain cases of 995 cases of urinary stones,of which 571 cases of male,female 424 cases,were performed dual-source CT single energy and dual energy scanning,single-energy scan in 90 cases,94 cases of dual energy scanning,the data transmitted to the workstation,mount the dual energy assessment software to analyze and tatistics were two stones energy CT value images ifference,the ratio of follow-up obtained in vitro using standard stone stone qualitative analysis of chemical reagents.Different components of the CT value of the difference,ratio and the two energy scan radiation dose,using independent sample t SPSS11.5 package test,P0.05 considered statistically ifference.【Results】 Single energy and dual energy comparison of two models of the radiation dose was not statistically difference(P0.05).Two types of stone in the difference between two energy states,the ratios were compared statistically significant(t=15.043,P0.05;t=2.398,P0.05).【Conclusion】 Dual source CT diagnose urinary stones,which not only determine the stone size,location,presence of urinary obstruction,but also qualitatively analyze of stone composition.


Abstract : The U.S. military's experience with insurgencies spans its history from the American Revolution to its recent experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan. The current geostrategic environment is fertile for global insurgency, primarily the threat of radical Islamic extremists who have learned to leverage 21st century technologies to enhance their strategic power projection capability. This paper will examine the adequacy of current U.S. counterinsurgency strategic policy, operational concepts and doctrine. Through the review of two case studies, the British Army in Malaya 1948-1960 and the United States Army in the Philippines 1898-1902, insights for strategic leaders and planners will be gleaned and proposed for inclusion in future doctrinal updates.


Purpose: The advantage of lower skin dose in proton beam may be diminished creating radiation related sequalae usually seen with photon and electron beams. This study evaluates the surface dose as a complex function of beam parameters but more importantly the effect of beam angle. Methods: Surface dose in proton beam depends on the beam energy, source to surface distance, the air gap between snout and surface, field size, material thickness in front of surface, atomic number of the medium, beam angle and type of nozzle (ie double scattering, (DS), uniform scanning (US) or pencil beam scanning (PBS). Obliquity factor (OF) is defined as ratio of surface dose in 0° to beam angle Θ. Measurements were made in water phantom at various beam angles using very small microdiamond that has shown favorable beam characteristics for high, medium and low proton energy. Depth dose measurements were performed in the central axis of the beam in each respective gantry angle. Results: It is observed that surface dose is energy dependent but more predominantly on the SOBP. It is found that as SSD increases, surface dose decreases. In general, SSD, and air gap has limited impact in clinical proton range. High energy hasmore » higher surface dose and so the beam angle. The OF rises with beam angle. Compared to OF of 1.0 at 0° beam angle, the value is 1.5, 1.6, 1,7 for small, medium and large range respectively for 60 degree angle. Conclusion: It is advised that just like range and SOBP, surface dose should be clearly understood and a method to reduce the surface dose should be employed. Obliquity factor is a critical parameter that should be accounted in proton beam therapy and a perpendicular beam should be used to reduce surface dose.« less


aspects it might have undermined his message of normalcy. One also has to admit that it is impossible to deal with all sub-topics. In any case, this is a wellresearched and highly informative book. It will be useful to those interested in nineteenth-century middle-class and urban culture in the Western world. It would be especially helpful if it could be translated into Spanish, since in Spain many historians still routinely refer to the "bourgeois revolution," thereby implicitly referring to Marx' economic and political interpretation, while Cruz makes clear that maybe a more subtle and equally profound transformation took place in the social and cultural sphere.


The concept of soul is a kind of thinking consciousness shared by all human beings. The concept of soul that is shaped and immortal is the cornerstone of Yi minority religious belief. As a branch of Yi minority, Pula people have many same or similar soul concepts. At the same time, they are influenced by geographical environment, social development, historical culture and other factors. Their concept of soul has its own branch characteristics, which is mainly reflected in the generation, manifestation and destination of the dead.


Glasses-free 3D display is developed using dynamic light field rendering algorithm in which light field information is mapped in real time based on 3D eye position. We implemented 31.5″ and 10.1″ prototypes.


Drinking water is one of the necessary and continuous human needs that cannot be dispensed for any reason and must meet the water quality standards in terms of taste and color in addition to the physical, chemical and biological specifications, and this study came to know some characteristics of the quality of public drinking water as well as drinking drinking water RO in some areas In the city of Karbala, physical and chemical quality assessment and comparison of results with Iraqi and international standards. Where some factors were measured, such as pH, turbidity, total soluble solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and nitrates, and it was observed that all traits conform to Iraqi and international standards. The results also showed that all results of public drinking water were higher than the results of drinking RO water and most of the readings with regard to RO drinking water were much less than the limits permitted internationally and Iraq. Keyword: public drinking water , Reverse Osmotic water , Physical and Chemical factors


In this paper is presented a state-of-the-art and future research pathways on cold-formed steel (CFS) columns subjected to fire, the experimental set-upbuilt at the University of Coimbra for testing CFS columns and some preliminary results obtained in the tests, comparing them with the ones existing in the literature.The main objective of the experimental research already carried out is to assess the fire resistance, mechanical behaviour and characterize the failure modes of cold-formed steel columns with restraining thermal elongation in case of fire, develop simplified calculation methods and provide experimental data for future numerical studies.


This paper describes the reasons why an object system with integrated pattern-matching and object-oriented programming facilities is desirable for CLIPS and how it is possible to integrate such a system into CLIPS while maintaining the run-time performance and the low memory usage for which CLIPS is known. The requirements for an object system in CLIPS that includes object-oriented programming and integrated pattern-matching are discussed and various techniques for optimizing the object system and its integration with the pattern-matcher are presented.


We present 1.4–2.5 μm integral field spectroscopy of 16 stars in the Braid Nebula star formation region in Cygnus OB7. These data form one aspect of a large-scale multiwavelength survey aimed at determining an unbiased estimate of the number, mass distribution, and evolutionary state of the young stars within this 1 deg2 area of the previously poorly studied Lynds 1003 molecular cloud. Our new spectroscopic data, when combined with Two Micron All Sky Survey near-IR photometry, provide evidence of membership of many of these objects in the regions' pre-main-sequence population. We discuss both the characteristics of the young stars found in the region and the level of starforming activity present.


Psychological research indicates that the perceived importance of numerical information is affected by the format of that information. Specifically, low base rates expressed as frequencies on very large scales (e.g., 6 million Britons) are more influential than the same information in other numerical formats (e.g., a 0.1 probability). Thus, although the above examples are mathematically the same, people's reactions to them vary. The current research attempted to extend these lab findings in an applied, field situation of soliciting support for charities. The pattern of results was similar to past lab research, although the differences between format types were smaller.


The optimal design of nonlinear factor measurement system for fiber power meter is given.Through the basis of analyze and experiment,the optical system is improved,the impact for optical power stability caused by the interference effect is confined,the result has been proved by the experiment;optical switch is used optical attenuation instead of the shutter,measurement range is more higher than before.


In this research project, the performance of different envelope materials around plastic drain lubes in different soils have been studied by using a tank and PVC pipes. Tests on gravel envelope, sock envelope, and one without filter were performed for each soil type. The parameters considered were discharge rate, amount of sediment accumulated in pipes and number of perforations chocked per pipe in each case. The relative perfonnance of envelopes to different soils were tested by statistical method known as ANOVA test. The least significant difference ( LSD ) test was used to detect pairwise differences between envelopes. Envelope material which was found best for each soil type was determined. The sock envelope performed well in discharging water from silty clay loam soil while limiting sediment discharge as compared with gravel envelope. To drain sandy soil, gravel envelope would be the best solution.


Summary It i s well known that CSEM data are sensitive to the presence of hydrocarbons, but they lack the sensitivity to fine scale structural detail that can be attained from seismic data. In contrast, seismic data can provide detailed structural information and resolve some rock properties, notably porosity, but cannot unambiguously map out fluid properties. In this regard, joint seismic and CSEM data interpretation is becoming popular. In this paper, we present a global, Genetic Algorithms (GA), joint inversion algorithm for estimating reservoir parameters from both seismic AVA and CSEM data. Through an example, based on the Luva gas field, we demonstrate the power of the two datasets in the retrieval of reservoir parameters when jointly interpreted.


The effects of the non-uniformity of the density distribution through the cross-section of the accretion columns are discussed. The resulting spectra in two polarizational modes differ significantly from that computed for the "homogeneous plasma slab" model. The polarization remains significant even if the optical thickness is large in both ordinary and extraordinary polarization modes. The Doppler effect does not change the degree of the polarization, contrary to the spectral energy distribution. The polarizational observations of polars show the orientation changes of the accretion column in respect to the binary system, which were suspected earlier from the photometric data. However, now one may not distinguish between the models of "swinging" and "idling" dipole.


NCO-terminated prepolymer was prepared by reacted MDI with the hydroxyl of the dual-hydroxy poly(methylphenylsiloxane).Then the prepolymer reacted with the epoxy resin and silicone resin modified epoxy resin was obtained.The silicone-modified epoxy resin coating was prepared using amino resin as the curing agent.The heat-resistance was studied by DTA-TG analysis,and the corrosion resistance of modified coating and epoxy coating was compared by EIS analysis.The adhension of the modified coating was tested according to GB/T 1720—1979.The results showed that:the heat-resistant temperature of curing product was nearly 420 ℃ and its corrosion resistance was better than the epoxy coating.The adhension was decreased slightly with the increasing of silicone resin content.The ashension was 2 grade as the mass ratio of silicone was 25%-30%.


The analytical-numerical method for solving boundary problems of the theory of elasticity and heat conductivity is developed for structural-heterogeneous media with inclusions of the spherical and cylindrical form (with an intermediate layer). Gradient models and as a special case classical models of the theory elasticity and heat conductivity are considered. The method is based on subdividing the initial area into simpler subdomain-blocks, and then representing the solution in each block as generalized Taylor or Loran expansions on fundamental systems of functions, which exactly satisfy the Helmholtz or Poisson equations. The advantage of this method is the opportunity of obtaining effective characteristics, and also local stress and temperature fields with a high guaranteed degree of accuracy.


Abstract In the studies of the EEG by the use of an electronic frequency analyser, the changes of the state from one to the other are usually reflected not only in the changes in one particular wave component but also in those of many of the components of which the patterns are composed. The neocortical and hippocampal alert patterns of the EEG in rabbits, for example, showed an enhancement not only of the θ wave component but also of the β wave component, as well as a reduction of the δ wave component, as compared with those resting patterns (1).


The effects of the frequency fluctuations of pulsed dye lasers on the determination of atomic lifetimes by the decay of fluorescence are estimated. A small shift in the estimated lifetime will occur due to the inability to completely correct for pile-up errors. However, the statistics of the number of counts in each channel of the pulse height analyser are not affected to a first approximation.


The notch cut circular microstrip antenna to realize circular polarization on thinner substrate is proposed. The notch degenerates fundamental TM11 mode into two orthogonal modes, to yield circular polarization. To improve upon the gain and bandwidth, its three layer suspended configuration is proposed. It yields VSWR and axial ratio BW of 60 and 15 MHz, respectively with gain of more than 5 dBi over axial ratio bandwidth. Further formulation in resonant length at two orthogonal modes for notch cut circular patch on non-suspended and suspended configurations is proposed. The frequencies calculated using them closely agrees with the simulated results. Using proposed formulations, the design procedure for notch cut circularly polarized antennas in 1000 to 4000 MHz frequency band, is presented. It gives circularly polarized response with formation of small loop (kink) inside VSWR = 2 circle in the smith chart. Thus the proposed formulation can be used to design circular polarized antenna at any given frequency.


A massive open online course on the laws of thermodynamics has been designed using the 5Es (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate) lesson planning methodology and delivered using everyday engineering examples to provide familiar contexts for both a global cohort of more than 3000 learners ranging in age from teenagers to septuagenarians in 137 different countries plus a large class of 355 university undergraduates. In addition to the structured pedagogy, the massive open online course included innovations in the use of practical exercises, that could be performed in the learner's kitchen, and worked examples to enhance the learning experience. The massive open online course was provided in parallel with an introductory undergraduate course and as an additional learning resource for the undergraduate students. A little less than one-fifth of the undergraduates participated in the massive open online course and just over half of these responded that it would be an acceptable substitute for traditional lectures. The percentage completing the massive open online course was relatively high at 28% compared to 21% for other massive open online courses on the same platform, which is attributed to the pedagogy and strong support for social learning based on a survey of fully participating learners in the last week of the five-week course.


In many developing countries, cash transfer programs are an important component of the social safety net. A large number of studies have assessed the impact of such programs on consumption poverty, health status, nutrition, and education. Much less is known about the extent, if any, to which cash transfers also improve the cognitive and socio-emotional development of young children. This is important because a variety of theories of skill formation suggest that investments in schooling and other dimensions of human capital will have lower returns if children do not have adequate levels of cognitive and social skills at early ages. This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized cash transfer program on cognitive development in early childhood in rural Nicaragua. It shows that the program had significant effects on cognitive outcomes, especially language. Impacts are larger for older pre-school aged children, who are also more likely to be delayed. The program increased intake of nutrient-rich foods, early stimulation, and use of preventive health care—all of which have been identified as risk factors for development in early childhood. Households increased expenditures on these inputs more than can be accounted for by the increases in cash income only, suggesting that the program changed parents' behavior. The findings suggest that gains in early childhood development outcomes should be taken into account when assessing the benefits of cash transfer programs in developing countries. More broadly, the paper illustrates that gains in early childhood development can result from interventions that facilitate investments made by parents to reduce risk factors for cognitive development.


The federal statute «About preservation of the environment» advances authorities of public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation in sphere of the relations connected with preservation of the environment, realisation of a federal policy in the field of ecological development of the Russian Federation in territory of subjects of the Russian Federation.


We investigate variants of the maximal operator and show their applications to study boundedness of the classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator between weighted Banach function spaces which satisfy certain geometrical lattice conditions. We prove inequalities for rearrangement of the maximal operators generated by rearrangement invariant spaces. Being applied to the Lorentz spaces, we yield new su cient conditions for the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator between weighted Lp-spaces with di erent weights. We also prove that under some mild hypothesis these conditions are also necessary.


3D sensing technology with SPAD as the core device is used in many fields. Such 3D sensing systems based on frame mode mainly consist of front-end circuit and per-pixel level TDCs, which usually have large power consumption and generate a large amount of redundant data in some application scenarios. In this paper, we innovatively propose an event-based column level multi-event time to digital converter. The column-level TDC Chain consists of multiple TDC units that can record the time-of-flight information of the event in the pixel array output bus in turn under the enable control, with no global clock signal in the system. Readout circuity is event-driven, with data output is realized through an asynchronous arbitration module. The designed circuit is validated using a 180nm standard CMOS process, and the time required for the TDC to record a single event is about 5.3ns. The TDC Chain composed of four cells can measure a maximum input event stream with a frequency of 650MHz. System power consumption can be reduced as event stream rate decreases, enabling event-driven dynamic power adjustment.


To establish a new rapid method for combination of nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with restriction endonuclease digestion to detect the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV),we designed two primer sequences from the DNA fragment which coding the immediate early protein Eco RIJ,and established nested PCR for detecting HCMV DNA.Meanwhile,the nested PCR and virus isolation were used to detect the HCMV in clinical samples.The results showed that 10 out of 23 sera samples from neonates with neonatal hepatitis syndrome were positive HCMV by using nested PCR and virus isolation method,one of them was negative with virus isolation,but it was positive with nested PCR technique.Among 58 samples of early gravida,the HCMV positive retes of nested PCR and virus isolation were 8.6% and 6.9%;respectively.We believe that the nested PCR combined with restriction endonuclease digestion could be useful for rapid detection of the HCMC in clinical samples test.


ABSTRACT The effect of a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), Enterobacter cloacae CAL3, on the growth of tomato, pepper and mung bean plants was evaluated. Seedlings were grown on vermiculite and supplied with Murashige and Skoog nutrient solutions. In parallel the plants were also inoculated with bacterial suspension. The present study highlights the potential for stimulating growth of plants by application of plant growth-promoting bacteria of the genus Enterobacter. It emphasizes that this bacterium can influence plant growth even in the presence of a nutrient solution. Mineral analysis of the bacterial suspension indicated it contained only trace amounts of minerals and thus rules out the possibility that minerals associated with the bacterium were the cause of the growth promotion effect. Tomato seedlings were more responsive to treatment with E. cloacae CAL3 than were mung bean plants. This was manifested in the shorter time it took to discern the promotion effect in tomato plants and in pepper than in mung bean plants. The promotion effect required the presence of a live bacterium, although a low level of growth promotion was also observed when plants were treated with autoclaved bacteria. These findings suggest that plants may be grown with lower amounts of applied fertilizers and implies (1) a reduction in the cost associated with growing plants and (2) a reduction in the pollution associated with agricultural practices.


Originally presented at a forum sponsored by Concerned Philosophers for Peace at the Eastern Division annual meeting of the American Philosophical Association (Philadelphia, PA: 29 December 2008), this essay discusses two ethical challenges in foreign policy likely to be confronted by the new U.S. presidential administration. The increased reliance on private military contractors, including security contractors, poses a number of difficulties, the most troubling of which is the erosion of civil-military relations. Modern military campaigns cannot be waged without some degree of reliance on the logistical support such contractors provide, but their use makes it easier for governments to hide the true risks and costs of modern war from the electorate, serving to undermine key conceptions of "Just war" principles like "legitimate authority" and "public declaration" of war. On the other hand, the dramatic increase in maritime piracy forces an unpleasant choice between either increasing defense spending on appropriate weapons systems and personnel during a global economic crises in order to provide enhanced maritime security, or else, ironically, relying even more on private security contractors to protect global shipping and transportation. Both these and similar foreign policy challenges focus attention on the need for "ethical interoperability," the ability to share common notions of military ethics, public service, and professional responsibility among coalition military forces otherwise drawn from a variety of disparate national, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds.


PURPOSE: A position adjustment apparatus of a V-block is provided to separately implement fine vertical and horizontal adjustment of a V-block by first and second screw devices. CONSTITUTION: A position adjustment apparatus of a V-block comprises a moving device and a supporting body(40). The moving device is installed in the lower part of a V-block(10) and is finely moved in a vertical direction or a horizontal direction by rotation of a screw. The supporting body supports the moving device. The moving device comprises a first screw device(20) and a second screw device(30). The first screw device finely moves the V-block to a vertical direction by horizontal movement of an inclined block. The second screw device finely moves the V-block to the left and right sides.


The child affected by a malformative syndrome represents a care challenge for the pediatrician. He is in fact the heart of the multidisciplinary team that has to manage the patient, trying to control the complications of his/her syndrome and promoting the correct psychophysical development. What we must not forget is that the pediatrician provides a continuous support to the child`s family, assisting them from the diagnosis to the management of problems related to the syndrome. This encourages the continuous follow-up of these children remembering also that the pediatrician is fundamental in the clinical management of the syndrome and for facilitating the social integration of these children.


Candesartan cilexitil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for treatment of hypertension. Results from the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart failure - Assessment of moRtality and Morbidity) study in the early 2000s demonstrated the morbidity and mortality reduction benefits of Candesartan therapy in congestive heart failure. Candesartan cilexetil is sold under the brand name "Atacand" in the United States by ASTRAZENECA. So, the aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate Candesartan cilexetil bilayered tablets.Candesartan cilexitil immediate release formulation were prepared by direct compression technique using Cross povidone as super disintegrant in order to enhance its solubility and bioavailability and S.R formulation were prepared by direct compression technique using carbopol as polymer In total 21(9 I.R and12S.R )formulations have been prepared. Precompression and post compression parameters have been evaluated. The dissolution studies were carried out using USP Type 2 apparatus. Among the formulations F-12 showing a maximum drug release of 99.9% in 16 hrs was selected as the best one.


At present, the vast majority of concrete mixtures are made using plasticizers, which increase their mobility, convenience, reduce the energy and labor costs when enclosing monolithic building structures, facilitate the intensification of the technological cycle, and enhance the quality of structures.
There is a large number of types of plasticizers, but in the city of Lutsk at the microbiooprom plant from the steamed molasses bards, which is a secondary waste of bioethanol production, an ecological biopolymer plasticizer Bioplast-1 was obtained, the properties of which have not yet been studied.The plaster is made on the basis of environmentally safe biopolymers that form useful, safe microorganisms - cellulose type, lignin-pectin type (microfibre), hydrocarbon, protein type (polymer molecule), alkali metals (potassium, sodium), alkaline earth metals (calcium, magnesium), phosphorus compounds and other biocomponents. Bioplast-1 is a dense syrup liquid of dark brown color with a concentration of substances of 50 - 60%, a density of 1,25 - 1,29 g / cm3. It is used for the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete pre-stressed and monolithic structures, for use in non-aggressive and aggressive gas and water environments.
In the paper the influence of the plasticizing ecological additive from the alcoholic waste production on the mobility of the concrete mixture and the strength of the concrete cubes is considered. The work also establishes the criteria and properties of a plasticizer additive.The work was carried out in two stages: the first stage consisted in the study of the plasticization effects of the additive "Bioplast-1" on the concrete mixture; The second stage included the determination of the effect of the additive on the strength of concrete cubes.The study of the effectiveness of the additive was performed to determine the main effect, to achieve which the additive is intended and an experimental refinement of the optimal dosage of the additive.Bioplast-1 plasticizers have criteria for water-reducing effect and are highly water-reducing.Testing of concrete specimens with Bioplast-1 plasticizer showed the possibility of reducing the water flow rate in the main concrete mix (WRE) by up to 13%. The increase in strength of cubes with the addition of Bioplast-1BL was up to 16%, with the addition of Bioplast-1L - up to 21%.


Summary form only given. Microwave plasma technique for biomedical applications has been studied and applied to several fields such as blood coagulation and sterilization. The microwave plasmas generally showed high electron temperature and high electron density, consequently the gas temperature higher than low frequency plasmas. For biomedical applications, especially for human body, it is required to have low temperature and high concentration of reactive species. Pulse modulation technique is one of possible methods to achieve the needs. Finger-size microwave generator and pulsed microwave power module using palm-size power module were developed. Gas temperature and emission spectra were measured with several duty ratios and a fixed average power. Gas temperature of Ar and Air plasmas reduced as the duty ratio reduced. In the case of Air plasma, the gas temperature reduced from 100° C to ~55° C. This caused by off-phase of the pulse modulated signal which was proportional to the reduction of duty ratio. On the other hand, the portion of reactive species including O and OH increased as the duty ratio reduced. This related to the momentary high power excitation. The technique embedded to a skin care system (Medipl Corp.) and blood coagulation experiment was conducted. While natural coagulation time was about 18 min, treated blood drops were coagulated in 2.5 min. Numerical analysis such as global and fluid modeling will also be presented.


Background: Public health center is the spearhead for improving the welfare of the community in the health sector. The health worker's skill needs to be optimized and can be seen from the results of their work, in the form of mastery of science and technology, as well as skills in implementing and providing health services. This is evident from the last three months' report on community visits, namely, in December 2016 the number of visits was 138 people, in January 2017 fell to 108 visits and in February 2017 dropped dramatically 93 visits. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of discipline, motivation, and training with the performance of health workers in the Abeli ??Community Health center.
Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study was 42 people with a total sampling technique with a total sample of 42 people. The analytical method uses the Chi-Square statistical test and the Phi coefficient (?).
Results: Based on the results of the study, there is a strong relationship between discipline and the performance of health workers with a value of X2 Calculation = 17,835 and a phi-efficiency test (?) = 0.651. There is a strong relationship between motivation and the performance of health workers with a value of X2 Calculation = 16,481 and the tested coefficient phi (?) = 0.626. There is a moderate correlation between training and health worker performance with X2 Calculation value = 10.299 and the phi coefficient test (?) = 0.495.
Conclusion: For the health, institutions are suggested to increase the health worker's knowledge by increasing towards more discipline, high motivation, and more training in order. Eventually, the quality of human resources and health organizational performance will increase.


The GATA‐family proteins Gln3 and Gat1 locate to the nuclei of S. cerevisiae cells in response to adverse nitrogen conditions. There they activate the transcription of Nitrogen Catabolite Repression (NCR) sensitive genes. These genes encode proteins required for the uptake and catabolism of poorly utilized nitrogen sources (e.g., proline, allantoin, urea), interconversion of nitrogenous biosynthetic precursors and ATG14, a subunit of the PI3‐Kinase Complex I required for phagophor assembly during autophagy. In contrast, Gln3 is sequestered in the cytoplasm of cells growing in nitrogen replete conditions (glutamine). This NCR‐ sensitive regulation of Gln3 localization is achieved through the actions of the multiple regulatory kinases, TorC1, Gcn2 and Nnk1, protein phosphatases PP2A and Sit4, the 14‐3‐3 protein Bmh1/2 proteins and a cytoplasmic prion precursor, Ure2. Tor1 interacts with C‐terminal Gln3 residues 656‐666 in a 2‐hybrid assay. Ure2, complexing with Gln3 residues 101‐150, is required for its cytoplasmic sequestration. While mapping these and other targets of these regulators on the Gln3 molecule itself, using indirect immune‐fluorescence analyses, we identified a Gln3 region that we designate as the Ure2‐Relief Sequence (URS). The URS, consisting of a predicted α‐helix situated in a disordered coiled coil region of Gln3, Gln3247‐282, is absolutely required for nuclear Gln3 localization when Ure2 is present but not in its absence. Our current experiments, including mass spectral analyses, demonstrate that 11 of the 17 URS serine/threonine residues are phosphorylated in nitrogen‐rich SD medium. Treating cells with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the TorC1 kinase, reduces the phosphorylation of 8 residues by more than 3 to 6‐fold and 3 of them by 10 to 15‐fold. Phosphomimetic substitutions of URS serine/threonine residues abolish nuclear Gln3 localization suggesting that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of these residues is physiologically significant. In addition to the URS requirement for nuclear localization, these phosphomimetic substitutions also abolish Tor1‐Gln3 interaction at the URS in a 2‐hybrid assay. This N‐terminal Tor1‐Gln3 interaction functions both independently of and collaboratively with the C‐terminal Tor1‐Gln3 interaction site. Together, these data suggest that Tor1‐Gln3 interactions participate both positively and negatively in the regulation of intracellular Gln3 localization and that the action of the URS is regulated by its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.


James Gibson's 1958 paper, "Visually controlled locomotion and visual orientation in animals," was a milepost in his development of a theory of perception that would do justice to ordinary behavior in natural environments. In particular, it provided the first statement of an information-based approach to perception and action, which continues to influence much contemporary work in humans, animals, and robots. In this comment, I discuss the context for Gibson's evolving ideas about perception and offer a brief status report on his theory of visual control.


In this paper a statistical derivation is presented for the weight average molecular weight of high polymers without having to know the molecular size distribution functions. As gelation occurs when Mω→∞ the critical conditions of gelation can be calculated by a simple but generalized method. By using the new method, the gel points of reactions of various types have been computed. According to this method, the results previously obtained by the present authors and others are only a few special cases. Other important types of reactions which seem very complicated, such as esterification or amination by organic acid anhydrides or a mixture of various poly-basic acids, ring opening reaction of epoxides, phenol-formaldehyde reaction and addition polymerization of divinyl monomers have also been considered. Effects of intramolecular reactioa (cyclization) are discussed. It is suggested that if we replace the total degree of reaction by a partial quantity that is the degree of reaction between molecules, cyclizations do not alter the critical conditions of gelation.


Due to the need for avoiding soil compaction, preliminary use of the proctor test is suggested to obtain reference values. For that purpose, the aim was to ...


In wireless communication systems, intended to support broadcast services, it is not feasible to use an error control strategy such as automatic repeat request (ARQ) due to the heavy channel and transmitter load caused by all repeat-requests. An alternative error correcting strategy not suffering from the disadvantages of using ARQ is the introduction of a forward error correcting (FEC) code. In this paper, forward error correcting codes called Raptor codes (a class of Fountain codes) are applied for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) systems, which is a popular multi-carrier modulation technique in broadband communications and is currently being used in the IEEE 802.16e (Wi-Max) standard. The BER performance and burst-erasure correction capability of Raptor codes are compared with that of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes in AWGN channel.


We will study a new -analogue of Bernoulli polynomials associated with -adic -integrals. Furthermore, we examine the Hurwitz-type -zeta functions, replacing -adic rational integers with a -analogue for a -adic number with , which interpolate -analogue of Bernoulli polynomials.


Formulas for the energies and widths of shape resonances, i.e., quasi-stationary levels for a quantal particle moving in a spherically symmetric potential, valid also close to the top of the potential barrier, have been published by Drukarev, Froman, and Froman. On the basis of these formulas, in the present paper the potential is explicitly expressed in terms of experimental data on the energies and widths of the quasi-stationary states. The treatment is related to previous treatments by Wheeler and by Cole and Good, Jr., which are in turn related to the Rydberg-Klein-Rees method.


A numerical model to estimate critical times required for nanovoid nucleation in high-purity aluminum single crystals subjected to shock loading is presented. We regard a nanovoid to be nucleated when it attains a size sufficient for subsequent growth by dislocation-mediated plasticity. Nucleation is assumed to proceed by means of diffusion-mediated vacancy aggregation and subsequent vacancy cluster coarsening. Nucleation times are computed by a combination of lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and simple estimates of nanovoid cavitation pressures and vacancy concentrations. The domain of validity of the model is established by considering rate-limiting physical processes and theoretical strength limits. The computed nucleation times are compared to experiments suggesting that vacancy aggregation and cluster coarsening are feasible mechanisms of nanovoid nucleation in a specific subdomain of the pressure-strain rate-temperature space.


Throughout Nierzsche's writings we find discussion of various human maladies and sicknesses, such as the historical malady and decadence, along with various conceptions of a possible cure or therapy. In this essay I argue that Nietzsche's conception of philosophy's therapeutic role centres on the protection and promotion of authenticity and explore his preoccupation with authentic existence in each one of his three main intellectual periods. After an opening section on therapeia and paideia in Nietzsche, I focus first on writings from his early period, notably the untimelies on history and Schopenhauer; in the next main section I select Dawn from the middle period as a text that highlights Nietzsche's continued preoccupation with authenticity; and in the final main section I focus on the late Nietzsche and note the continuities in his lifelong project of self-cultivation and emphasis on the goals of culture.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the progressive changes in gene expression that occur during development. The combined loss of all miRNAs results in embryonic lethality in all animals analyzed, illustrating the crucial role that miRNAs play collectively. However, although the loss of some individual miRNAs also results in severe developmental defects, the roles of many other miRNAs have been challenging to uncover. This has been mostly attributed to their proposed function as tuners of gene expression or providers of robustness. Here, we present a view of miRNAs in the context of development as a hierarchical and canalized series of gene regulatory networks. In this scheme, only a fraction of embryonic miRNAs act at the top of this hierarchy, with their loss resulting in broad developmental defects, whereas most other miRNAs are expressed with high cellular specificity and play roles at the periphery of development, affecting the terminal features of specialized cells. This view could help to shed new light on our understanding of miRNA function in development, disease and evolution. Summary: This Review discusses how different classes of miRNAs fit into the hierarchy of gene regulatory networks that control development, from early embryogenesis to cell differentiation.


This paper offers a critical commentary on Mark Bevir's recent book A Theory of Governance from the perspective of normative political philosophy. It explores three ways in which Bevir's analysis can be brought into dialogue with political philosophy. First, it considers the role of generalizations in successful explanations of social phenomena. Second, it explores how a decentred theory of governance can help identify solutions to important social problems. Third, it explores the relation between Bevir's account of governance and theories of deliberative democracy.


Objective: To describe the management of a female high-school varsity track athlete with a Grade 2 quadriceps strain sustained only 10 days before her state qualifying meet.
Clinical Features: An 18-year-old female varsity runner sustained a Grade 2 quadriceps strain during practice while transitioning from a light jog to a sprint. The strain was felt at the end of the toe-off phase.
Intervention and Outcome: She was treated with a combination of multimodal chiropractic intervention, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), rehabilitative exercises, and dry needling with electric stimulation. An initial 5 treatments over 7 days allowed her to fully return to competition, where she set personal records in the 100m and 200m dashes at the first subsectional meet. An additional treatment was provided a week later, after which she competed at the state meet and set personal records in the 100m and 400m dashes.
Conclusion: Quadriceps strain is a common athletic injury causing athletes to miss time away from sport. This case demonstrates how a patient with a Grade 2 quadriceps strain was treated over the course of 7 days and was able to return to competition.


Because of the reason that the individuals' thoughts have the complicated and uncertain characteristics in the field of social science, this study makes the most of the fuzzy sets, which solve uncertain and imprecise conditions, to transform the opinions belonging to human beings into the quantitative numbers. Advertising involvement is regarded as the object for this empirical study which comprehensively collects plenty of antecedents and consequences for advertising involvement. We take advantage of the fuzzy automata to develop an integrated model of advertising involvement. The results indicate that in addition to the selection of implications, a fitting model relies on the selection of compositions in the fuzzy automata. On the average, the standard composition, which is one of compositions in this study, is the most appropriate method for developing a model of advertising involvement.


The global economic crash of 2008 had a particularly severe impact in Ireland, including on the funding and the practice of the arts. This paper examines contemporary responses to crisis in Ireland as refracted through arts practice. It focuses on the work of two contemporary visual artists, Anthony Haughey and Deirdre O'Mahony, both of whom see ethics and politics as intrinsic to their work. It asks whether some of the underpinning rationales for artist engagement, particularly in the field of relational aesthetics, can empower artists to meet expectations that their work can, or should, be capable of decisive interventions at historical moments of crisis. A related objective is to ground a theoretical understanding of the nature of crisis in the evolution of an artist's work, to gain some sense of its temporal manifestation in the life-long, everyday practice of making art.


Stress and fatigue are general physical aspects of our daily lives. It has been shown that physical therapists have different levels of job stress and fatigue according to the type A/B behavior patterns. This study collected data from 212 physical therapists between October 28 and November 23, 2016 using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The study results showed the proportion of physical therapists with the Type A behavior patterns(TABP) was 18% greater than that of physical therapists with the Type B behavior patterns(TBBP). In this study, physical therapists with TABP were compared with physical therapists with TBBP. The results indicated that physical therapists with TABP were more inclined to experience higher levels of overall job stress and fatigue from the following stress factors: physical environment, job requirement, and job autonomy. Therefore, the stronger the tendency toward TABP, the stronger the feeling of job stress and fatigue from physical environment, job requirement, and job autonomy. Those with a tendency toward TBBP showed positive correlations between job requirement and the total job stress score; thus, the stronger the tendency toward TBBP, the stronger the feeling of overall job stress and fatigue from job requirement.This study suggests that it is necessary to manage the job stress and fatigue of physical therapists with both TABP and TBBP and to manage the job stress and fatigue of physical therapists with the type A behavioral pattern.


This chapter proposes a research agenda for the study of large law firm culture and explains how the research would contribute to both legal ethics and organizational theory. It focuses on two sets of questions that are uniquely suited to investigation in large law firms. First: what is the significance of organizational culture, relative to that of professional networks and subgroups? To what extent does organizational membership shape lawyers' understandings about "how things are done"? Second: how is organizational culture sustained? What are the mechanisms of cultural integration in volatile, multioffice firms? The chapter draws on a pilot study of law firm culture in one 500-lawyer firm.


Performance support is happening where we work and live. Under a tree and at a park bench, in a submarine, at a parent-teacher meeting, in a cubicle, or on the manufacturing floor, people reach beyond themselves for help in doing what needs to be done. The support comes as extensive computer systems, reminders on cellphones, and notes scribbled on old envelopes. Annual studies by ASTD and Training magazine confirm the slow, steady trend away from classroom delivery and towards more technological approaches. This shift to knowledge everywhere suggests the beginnings of a revolution in workplace learning, a revolution that brings messages and meaning closer to where it is needed. What is performance support? Where did it come from? And what are the possibilities suggested by planner and sidekick support? Those questions are addressed here.


This experiment deals with parameters such as the nature of the excited state, effect of triplet quenchers on product formation, chemical structure and reaction rate and quantum yield when cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone are irradiated at 254nm. These cyclic ketones provide a variety of photolysis information in a short time span, are conveniently analyzed by gas chromatography, and are readily available at the requisite levels of purity.


Objective:To study the value of laparoscopic salpingoplasty and adhesiolysis in the treatment of female infertility caused by fallopian tube factors.Methods:259 infertile patients underwent laparoscopic treatment were retrospectively studied.Results:The pregnancy rate of the 259 cases was 36% (94/259), which 7 abortion, 75 (29%) intrauterine pregnancies (71 newborns, 1 premature term, 3 gestational period), and 12 (5%) ectopic pregnancies. The damaged degree of fallopian tube was the most significant factor for the prognosis of the operation.Conclusions:Salpingoplasty and adhesiolysis by laparoscope is effective in treatment of tubal infertility, it can improve pregnancy rate.


Electric vehicles (EVs) play an indispensable role in reaching net-zero emissions. With high randomness, the EV spatial-temporal distribution characteristics are necessary for accurate EV charging load forecasting. And the intersection delay, affecting EV travel routes, cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper proposes a forecasting method for EV charging load spatial-temporal distribution characteristics considering traffic-side intersection delay. Specifically, the percentile delay model (PDM) for different turning delays under traffic flow fluctuations at intersections is established. On this basis, a detailed dynamic traffic network model is obtained. Then according to users' travel habits and survey data, the travel patterns can be obtained by sampling, and the EV spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, including temporal, spatial, and state of charge, can be calculated. While calculating, the classic Dijkstra shortest path algorithm is improved to plan EV travel routes considering intersection delay and road driving time. Lastly, with a detailed EV charging model, the charging load is forecasted under termination conditions for the Monte Carlo simulation. The test results show that ignoring the intersection delay will make the lower load period demand underestimated seriously. And not only intersection delays but also intersection failures will influence EV charging load.


Aims:  When assessing sympathetic activation in acute stress, the attention is often limited to the sympatho‐neural axis, whereas sympatho‐adrenal activation, that can only be detected with poor time resolution from the concentration of plasma catecholamines, is often neglected. This study is aimed at reinvestigating the role and the relevance of the sympatho‐adrenal system in acute stress based on the analysis of haemodynamic responses in conscious rabbits.


We study the notion of computable categoricity of computable structures, comparing it especially to the notion of relative computable categoricity and its relativizations. We show that every 1-decidable computably categorical structure is relatively ∆2-categorical. We study the complexity of various index sets associated with computable categoricity and relative computable categoricity. We also introduce and study a variation of relative computable categoricity, comparing it to both computable categoricity and relative computable categoricity and its relativizations.


Anisotropic strain-hardening behavior of the TX51 (Mg–5Sn–1Ca) magnesium alloy sheets was investigated in the temperature range of 25–300 C and at an initial strain rate of 5 10 4 s . Tensile tests were carried out with the loading axis oriented at 0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg to the rolling direction (RD) to explore the effects of temperature on the anisotropic strain-hardening behavior of the sheets after hot rolling and annealing. The anisotropic strain-hardening behavior of the TX51 sheet was due to the crystallographic texture as well as mechanical fibering of the microstructure. The former was manifested by the development of a relatively sharp basal {0001} texture, and the latter was caused by alignment in the RD of CaMgSn coarse particles. Kocks–Mecking type plots showed stage III and stage IV strain-hardening behavior at all test temperatures. The directionality of flow stress and initial strain-hardening rates in stage III were discussed based on the Schmid factors of material. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028256]


The main purpose of this sedimeniological study is the ecology of the planktonic and benihic Foraminifera. The continental shelf off Cameroons represents a special environment in ierms of hydrology, because warm waier with a poor sait content occurs above a colder, more saline wafer ut depth. A tidal current flows 10 ihe North, and iurbidity is high in coastal waters. Al1 particularities in Foraminifera species disiribution have been siudied and explained by nafure and grain-size of sedimenis and their influence on benthic species ecology. The chemical, mineralogical and lithological properiies of the sediments have been defined, as me11 as ihe distribution of oolith.es. l E.N.S.A. Rennes. " Centre O.R.S.T.O.M. de Pointe-Noire. * l * E.P.H.E., Paris. 56 L. BERTHOIS, A. CROSNIER, Y. LE CALVEZ


Today the first weekly report of base 50°F degree-day accumulations is posted for the 2008 Iowa crop season. Statewide, the first four days of May have accumulated degree days at the long-term average, but that follows a cooler-than-normal April.


Objective To investigate the clinical features,treatment experience and outcomes of severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) combined with shock.Methods 67 children with HFMD combined with shock were selected,and the clinical data were collected and analyzed,using respiratory support,expansion and vasoactive drugs.Results After the shock treatment,the children's HR,CRT significantly improved than those before,with the statistical difference(P0.01).Conclusion The early close observation to severe HFMD and the treatment to shock reasonable and timely are main methods to prevent and treat HFMD combined with shock.


The Superconducting RF (SRF) photoinjector programme for the energy-recovery linac (ERL) test facility bERLinPro sets out to push the brightness and average current limits for ERL electron sources by tackling the main challenges related to operation of SRF photoinjectors, the beam dynamics, the incorporation of high quantum efficiency (QE) photocathodes, and suppression of unwanted beam generation. The paper details the experimental layout and presents the status of the SRF photoinjector and the gun test facility GunLab at HelmholtzZentrum Berlin.


Different nationalities and countries have their own explanation about sustainable development,which is due to different historical,institutional,religious and cultural cause.Uygur ecological natural outlook of harmony between human and nature,and traditional living custom and traditional taboo custom and ecological view of nature is to achieve sustainable economic development of Xinjiang's society and economy.


Objective To isolate the CD133+ lung adenocarcinoma cells and evaluate their Stem cells properties.Methods CD133+ and CD133-cells were isolated from 13 fresh lung adenocarcinoma specimens and make comparisons via invasion assay and immunodeficiency mice tumorigenesis assay.Result CD133+ cells were found in 10 of 13 fresh specimens with the highest number is 13.12%.CD133+ and CD133-cells have significant difference in invasiveness and tumorigenesis.Conclusion CD133 is detected in a considerable proportion of lung adenocarcinoma specimens,and the invasive,tumorigenic of CD133+ cells are significant higher than CD133-cells.


Abstract This paper describes the development of a creative toolkit - Things for thought – designed as a research probe that engages participants through a guided object-based exploration to help them better understand what belonging might mean to them. The toolkit draws on the Māori (indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) creation narrative and uses engagement (via haptic interaction with physical objects), connection (with others by working collaboratively to subjectively identify similarities/differences), and discussion (using abstract physical objects, questions, and inclusive discussion techniques). Things for thought was designed to facilitate engagement between people from a wide range of communities. It uses Māori narrative and cultural values to help people understand and enhance connection to place and community. By using an inclusive cultural framework and a shared language (touch), an opportunity for innovative discussion around the topic of belonging, with the ultimate purpose of designing with socially inclusive communities was created. Plans are to test this toolkit in a range of settings including facilitating community discussions. We imagine that the toolkit could supplement co-creation workshops, workplace interactions, and be used in any context in which an in-depth understanding of oneself and others is useful.


The present invention is extracted points disposed in, and has a tank bottom (3) with a reducing agent tank (2) for storing a reducing agent, the reducing agent tank (2) is a separate chamber (4), and said individual chamber (4) ( 7) it has a supply unit 6 for extracting the reducing agent from the reducing agent tank (2), to the supply unit 6 is directed to a liquid reducing agent supply device (1) arranged in the individual chambers (4).


* Fundamental Concepts * Examples of Complex Adaptive Systems * Nonadaptive Systems, Scaling, Self-Similarity, and Measures of Complexity * General Discussion * Afterwords


In this paper we examine how the communication of characters speaking different languages is reflected in French and Belgian graphic novels about Russia. We propose to distinguish the situation of bilingual (plurilingual) communication on one hand and the reflection of this situation on the other hand. We built different schemes in order to describe the character's choice of the language of communication, taking into account the existence of a common language, the communicant's level of proficiency in different languages, the environment. The choice of French (correct or not) or Russian (correct or not, Cyrillic or transliterated, translated or not) in the following modules of bilingual communication has been analyzed: 1) a speaker of Russian communicates with native speakers of French, 2) he communicates with other native speakers of Russian in a francophone environment, 3) he speaks to himself (or swears), 4) he communicates with native speakers of other languages, 5) a native speaker of French uses Russian languages in communication with native speakers of Russian. In francophone graphic novels, French language is used when English-speaking and Russian-speaking characters communicate. We analyze whether the text in Russian is correct or not, whether it is written in Cyrillic or Latin alphabet, the presence or absence of translation, its correctness, the means to reflect the accent or character's poor knowledge of French language. In conclusion we propose to discuss the reasons for the common ignorance of language contact in graphic novels.


The article discusses the methods of mutual high-precision navigation of multi-satellite clusters of small spacecraft. The main attention is paid to methods using relative phase measurements from GNSS signals. Methods for resolving phase ambiguity at extremely large bases are presented. Dynamic and non-retrieval methods are considered.


Editor More than 40 million people worldwide are currently receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and cutaneous reactions to them, other than angioedema, are infrequent. Photoallergy is an immunologically mediated form of delayed hypersensitivity, expressed only in sensitized persons, which does not occur on first exposure, is not dose-dependent and may be induced by related agents via cross-sensitivity. Photoallergic reactions begin after 24 h of drug exposure and are characterized by an eczematous eruption with erythema, papules and vesicles located in sun-exposed areas of the skin and sparing the unexposed ones, pruritus, weeping, oozing, crusting, scaling and lichenification. Histological picture consists of epidermal spongiosis with a dermal lymphocytic infiltrate and necrotic keratinocytes. Medications more often involved include antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, cardiovascular drugs, diuretics, antidiabetics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines and skin agents. The diagnosis is based on patient questioning, morphology of the eruption, drug interruption and rechallenge (if not contraindicated because of the risk of severe reactions), and complementary studies (biopsy and photopatch tests). Here, we present three patients with photoallergy associated with enalapril therapy. Patient 1. A 74-year-old female complained of an itchy rash on the face, neck and limbs, present for the last 2 years and unresponsive to antihistamines. Interrogation did not provide clues on the cause of this rash. Examination revealed erythematous and eczematous plaques in light-exposed areas, (face, neck, forearms and legs) (Fig. 1). A history of hypertension under treatment with enalapril was present. Seven days before consultation, a worsening of the rash occurred, coinciding with a change of therapy to captopril. Patient 2. A 73-year-old male was referred because of intense itching and a rash on the limbs, present for 6 months, previously treated with topical betamethasone. Medical history disclosed hypertension presently being treated with aspirin, diltiazem and enalapril. The skin showed an erythematous, eczematous and


Abstract Heterodera aucklandica sp. n. is described from the New Zealand native grass Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. The cyst nematode species belongs to the H. avenae group, a heterogeneous group of species characterised by a vulval slit length in the range 4.5–20 μm. Within the H. avenae group, H. aucklandica resembles most closely Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924 from which it can be distinguished by the longer tail and longer and thinner hyaline part of the tail, and by the flat anterior face of the stylet knobs of the second stage juvenile. The taxonomic status of the species of the H. avenae group is discussed and their key taxonomic features are presented in a table.


This paper presents a progressive type of variational principle for topological shape optimization. The principle makes it possible to derive a finite element method (FEM) for searching structural shapes with minimal weight and high strength in the optimization operation. The principle is based on that of minimum potential energy. In the formulation of this principle, we first assume both a search domain and an optimum one. The search domain includes the optimum one. Then, the search domain is locally eliminated according to the information of minimum strain energy in the domain. When a maximum equivalent stress in the search domain reaches the yield stress as a constraint condition, it is evaluated that the search domain agrees with the optimum one. Therefore, we obtain the variational principle for the topological optimization. Next, we derive the FEM based on this principle. Finally, we obtain the optimum topological shapes of two-dimensional finite element models using the FEM. Hence, the validity of the variational principle is confirmed from the numerical solutions of the models.


Received: 18 February 2019 Accepted: 4 May 2019 Designers of heat exchangers are regularly searching for new methods that enhance the heat transfer efficiency. A possible substitute of the conventional fins is the use of open-cell metal foams. Low density, good rigidity, high thermal conductivity and huge value of surface/volume ratio represent the best characteristics of porous media. For these features, metal foams are used in several applications such as heat exchangers, fuel cells, heat sinks and solar thermal plants. The need to create new systems in reduced volumes led to the adoption of the aluminum foams for their great specific area surface that allows to have compact heat exchanger characterized by a high thermal performance. A numerical investigation has been accomplished to analyze the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of a tubular heat exchanger partially filled with aluminum foam. The Darcy – Brinkman Forchheimer flow model and the thermal non-equilibrium model (LTNE) for the energy are applied to carry out two-dimensional simulations on the metal foam heat exchanger. The foam has a porosity and (number) pores per inch respectively equal to 0.935 and 20. The heat exchanger is analyzed for different air flow rates and a fixed surface tube temperature. The results are given as average and local heat transfer coefficient evaluated on the external surface of the tubes. Furthermore, the local air temperature profiles in the smaller cross section, between two consecutive tubes are given. Finally, the Energy Performance Ratio (EPR) is evaluated in order to demonstrate the thickness of metal foam that improve the system performances.


With increasing age, arthrosis becomes a widespread joint disease. Homeopathy offers promising treatment options. The use and dosage of tin, phosphorus and mistletoe, the author has used in his practice since many years, are presented. Case studies demonstrate exemplarily the success, which is possible.


ABSTRACT Mainstream research in Web Services is currently looking at two main aspects, namely formally describing interactions among services, and finding and combining services. Much work made in the intelligent agents area is being applied to these issues. In this paper, we investigate the application of agent research to Web Services from a different perspective, that is, procedural learning. The final objective is to enable an adaptive system (an agent in our terminology) to discover or being fed with knowledge concerning how to solve a specific set of problems in a specific software or physical environment. Our work is a preliminary step into the issue, with the main objective of assessing how current Web Services technology can support a component, described in terms of beliefs, desires and intentions, dynamically adapting its behaviour to new environments. KEYWORDS Service-oriented computing, web services, intelligent agents, belief-desire-intention architecture. 1. INTRODUCTION


A simple but accurate expression for the effective drive current, I/sub eff/, for CMOS inverter delay is obtained. We show that the choice I/sub eff/=(I/sub H/+I/sub L/)/2, where I/sub L/=I/sub ds/(V/sub gs/=V/sub dd//2,V/sub ds/=V/sub dd/), and I/sub H/=I/sub ds/(V/sub gs/=V/sub dd/,V/sub ds/=V/sub dd//2) is defined, accurately predicts inverter delay when tested against compact models over a variety of conditions and against hardware results in 90 nm node technology. Furthermore, this definition of I/sub eff/ accurately captures the delay behavior of non-traditionally scaled devices, where mobility and V/sub T//V/sub dd/ are scaled in neither a regular nor uniform manner.


During the last decades, service design have successfully expanded into a diverse set of domains. Initially applied in the private sector as a tool for business strategy development and service innovation, it has been recognised as a core capability for driving competitiveness and value creation. This emergence of service design in the private sector has led to its expansion to other set of domains, among which, public sector innovation has become one of the most important areas due to its large scale and impact potential. The aim of this piece is to give an overview on why governments need to innovate and how service design can be an effective approach to public sector innovation helping public institutions to transform the process of policy-making and public service design.


Cancer hyperthermia is a treatment to raise the tissue temperature either locally or whole body to a therapeutic level to eradicate tumors. Over the last three decades, much has been learned about the effects of heat on cells and the interactions between heat and radiation and chemotherapeutic agents [1-4]. The scientific rationale for its use either alone or combined with other methods is multifactorial, and new justifications for its use are continuously being identified. For example, heat may be directly cytotoxic to tumor cells or inhibit repair of both sublethal and potentially lethal damage after radiation. Hyper thermia has been used in combination with chemotherapy because heating increases membrane perme ability and the potency of some drugs. The synergism of radiation and hyperthermia is accomplished by the thermal killing of hypoxic and S phase (DNA syntheses) cells which are resistive to radiation alone. Although the biologic rationale is strong, and hyperthermia has been studied in phase I-III trials, the results of phase III clinical trials are controversial and the use of hyperthermia is still a developing project in the U. S. [4-8].


There have recently been a number of attacks on the philosophy of perception developed by Wilfrid Sellars. Matters have come to a head largely because of Sellars' series of Carus Lectures,' in which he showed himself, not only unrepentant in his commitment to sensings, but prepared to discourse upon them with some confidence. In two subsequent articles' he shows no sign of retreat. Sellars is among that very small group of philosophers who espouse a theory postulating representing media; there is an even smaller number who share with him the claim that it is possible to reconcile the existence of such media with a physical account of reality without committing oneself to any form of dualism. Most philosophers today, according to R. E. Tully, "are inclined to think sense-datum theory no longer needs autopsy but only embalmment."' As a result, any representational theory is seen by many to have been laid to rest, and they may take it as an anomaly that Sellars continues to concern himself with what is no longer a live topic. According to his critics, what seems so patently old-fashioned in his view are the following theses:


The invention discloses a method for preparing a liangping pomelo juice sac. The method for preparing the liangping pomelo juice sac comprises the following steps: firstly, shelling and then removing capsule dressing from the liangping pomelo; cutting into the liangping pomelo into four sections by a knife, and then putting the cut liangping pomelo into a juice sac separator to prepare the juice sac, wherein capsule dressing connected to a center column, flat seeds and seeds can be removed by using a cleaner, impurities such as capsule dressing fragments can be removed from a conveyer belt by using a vibrating screen and manpower, and the removed capsule dressing fragments can be applied to extraction of functional substances such as pectin and flavones. According to the method for preparing the liangping pomelo juice sac, which is disclosed by the invention, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the temperature is 40 DEG C, the separation time is 5 minutes, the material ratio is 1:2, the obtained juice sac yield is 77.56%, the juice sac breakage rate is 4.4%, the juice sac separation rate is 96.7%, and the method is high in juice sac yield, high in juice sac separation rate and low in juice sac breakage rate.


5G, fifth-generation technology, is driving digital transformation in the smart city ecosystem by allowing omnipresence of the network and a huge number of interconnections. There are abundant discrete studies on technology use cases related to smart cities; however, the impact of 5G technology on smart city has not been significantly covered as of yet. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to understand the impact of 5G technology on the Smart City ecosystem and how it leads to smart decision making. A decision support framework has been used to structure the process of deriving insights for better decision making in smart cities. The study aims to explore the following aspects; a) Applications of 5G in Smart city ecosystem b) A Decision support framework for better decision making in smart cities. A narrative literature review approach has been used in which literature related to the emerging 5G technology has been analysed with respect to smart cities. Academic documents published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, reports, and articles have been used for research. The paper aims to provide insights to academicians on the use of 5G applications in a smart city ecosystem, and practitioners on developing solutions for Smart Cities using 5G technology for effective decision making.


In this article the author develops further proposed the idea previously spiritually integral approach to culture and cultural policy of the modern Russia. This time he considers spiritually semantic realities understanding and representation of culture and cultural policy in the new draft of the Federal law (FL) «On culture in the Russian Federation», as well as in the most important legal documents and statements of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. Comparing the definitions of culture and cultural policy of the project of the new Federal law with similar international definitions, the author comes to the conclusion about the belittlement and disregard of «spirituality» in the Russian legislation. Pointing to the presence of this term in the government's vision 2020, it reveals the spiritual semantic contradictions between formulated correctly aim of state policy in the sphere of culture and spiritless sense of priorities for its implementation. In conclusion of the article the author offers his vision of the main directions and priorities of spiritually semantic research of culture and cultural policy of the modern Russia.


Objective  To compare the impact of 1000 micrograms of self‐administered vaginal misoprostol versus self‐administered vaginal placebo at home on preoperative cervical ripening in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women before operative hysteroscopy.


The following new or updated patterns are submitted by the JCPDS Associateship at the National Bureau of Standards. The patterns are a continuation of the series of publications in NBS Circular 539 and NBS Monograph 25. The data for each phase apply to the specific sample described. A sample was mixed with 1 or 2 internal standards, traditionally silicon (SRM 640a), silver (ao = 4.08651 A), tungsten (^ = 3.16524 A), or fluorophlogophite (SRM 675). Data were measured with a computer controlled diffractometer, and computer programs were used to locate peak positions as well as to perform variable indexing and least squares cell refinement. Intensities were measured as peak heights above background, and were read manually from strip charts. Details of this procedure are given in "Methods of Producing Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns" by McMurdie, H. F., Morris, M. C , Evans, E., Paretzkin, B., Wong-Ng, W. and Hubbard, C. R., (1986) Powder Diffraction, 1, 40-43.


The European Central Bank is holding together a poorly-designed monetary system in difficult circumstances. But this does not justify the fact that democratic governments have no way of holding it accountable.


The Thirty Meter Telescope is comprised of thirty five individual sub-systems which include optical systems, instruments, adaptive optics systems, controls, mechanical systems, supporting software and hardware and the infrastructure required to support their operation. These thirty five sub-systems must operate together as a system to enable the telescope to meet the science cases for which it is being developed. These science cases are formalized and expressed as science requirements by the project's Science Advisory Committee. From these, a top down requirements engineering approach is used within the project to derive consistent operational, architectural and ultimately detailed design requirements for the sub-systems. The various layers of requirements are stored within a DOORS requirements database that also records the links between requirements, requirement rationale and requirement history. This paper describes the development of the design requirements from science cases, the reasons for recording the links between requirements and the benefits that documenting this traceability will yield during the design and verification of the telescope. Examples are given of particular science cases, the resulting operational and engineering requirements on the telescope system and how individual sub-systems will contribute to these being met.


The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resides within a specific environment enabling it to retain its self-renewal capacity or quiescent state. It is proposed that the HSC niche is hypoxic, a milieu within which the HSC is protected from intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. We have investigated the haematopoietic phenotype of an HSC in a mouse model where hypoxia-regulated Vegfa expression is abrogated. In Vegfaδ/δ mice, the HRE in the Vegfa promoter has been deleted at both alleles, thereby inhibiting HIF-binding and subsequent activation of Vegfa expression following hypoxia. We show that hypoxic regulation of Vegfa expression within the haematopoietic system affects haematopoietic differentiation and numbers of HSCs to a small extent. Interestingly, Vegfa expression was shown to be reduced in highly purified HSCs from bone marrow of Vegfaδ/δ mice but not in mature cells, suggesting that the niche of the HSC is hypoxic. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Contemporary treatment protocols result in cure rates of 80-85% but 15-20% of children still experience relapse. A group of patients do therefore not benefit from conventional therapy underlining the urgent need to identify additional biomarkers at diagnosis. We have investigated the expression of VEGF-A, its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 as well as PTEN and SHP1 in childhood ALL using immunohistochemistry. We observed that the expression of VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 in mononuclear cells of children with ALL were significantly different to the expression of mononuclear cells in children with no malignant disease. VEGFR-1, PTEN and SHP1 may be potential prognostic factors for childhood ALL. Chromosomal translocations are reported in approximately 65% of all acute leukaemias. Reports have identified leukaemic translocations in human peripheral blood of healthy individuals supporting the hypothesis that leukaemic transformation is a multistep process. The t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) translocation is a reciprocal translocation and forms both an in-frame CALM·AF10 and AF10·CALM fusion. The long latency period prior to the onset of leukaemia in CALM·AF10 mice models suggests that the fusion protein alone does not cause leukaemic development. We hypothesise that AF10·CALM is required for the full leukaemic phenotype. In an in vitro model, we found that t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) reciprocal fusions have individual effects on cell biology and, when found in combination, have either a more pronounced or an inhibitory effect on leukaemogenesis. This highlights the importance of examining both fusion proteins in a two transcript reciprocal translocation as they on their own may have individual characteristics. (Less)


A 79‐year‐old male with bronchiectasis was referred to our clinic because of mild chest tightness on exertion. He had no history of hemoptysis. An electrocardiogram showed ST segment depression in leads V5‐6. Multi‐detector contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed no significant stenosis in either coronary artery; however, a huge racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery (RHBA) was detected. In addition, arterial supply to the RHBA via the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was suspected. Adenosine‐loading myocardial scintigraphy images revealed segmental hypo‐perfusion in the left ventricular inferior wall. Selective bronchial artery angiography revealed the huge RHBA. In addition, both the RCA and LITA provided arterial supply to the RHBA. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first to show multiple arterial supply resulting in a huge RHBA.