The molecular mechanisms underlying the contact behavior of Schwann cells (SCs) and SC–axon association are poorly understood. SC–SC and SC–axon interactions were studied using purified adult rat SCs and cocultures of SCs with embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. After contact of SCs with axons, SCs start to extend processes in alignment with axons. This unique alignment was quantitated using a new assay. SC–axon alignment and SC–SC band formation were disrupted in medium containing low extracellular calcium, indicating the involvement of calcium-dependent adhesion molecules. N-cadherin expression was strong in developing rat sciatic nerves but weak in adult sciatic nerves. In purified adult-derived rat SCs, N-cadherin expression was increased by mitogens (neuregulins) and decreased by high cell density. High-resolution confocal images show intense N-cadherin signals in SC process tips. Subcellular N-cadherin was accumulated in bands at intercellular junctions between SCs and was clustered at axon–SC contact sites. Blocking antibodies (rabbit and guinea pig IgG directed against the first extracellular domain of N-cadherin) and cyclic pentapeptides (including the HAV motif) were used to perturb N-cadherin function. All blocking agents reduced the number of N-cadherin-positive SC–SC junctions and perturbed axon-aligned growth of SC processes. Averaging over all N-cadherin-perturbation experiments, in controls 67–86% of SCs exhibited axon-aligned process growth, whereas in treated cultures only 41% of the SCs aligned with axons. These results are evidence that in mammals N-cadherin is important for formation of SC–SC junctions and SC process growth in alignment with axons.


A vehicle comprising a sealed vehicle system and a controller. The fuel system includes a fuel tank, a fuel cap, a control port and an absolute pressure sensor. The controller assigns a large threshold leak in the fuel system of a coverage error of the fuel cap to. The controller detects a termination of a preceding Nachtankereignisses, compares measured values of the pressure sensor with a reference vacuum via the control opening to determine the presence of the large threshold leakage, and sets a diagnosis code corresponding to the large leakage, only at the completion of the previous Nachtankereignisses. A method of detecting a large leak comprises determining a termination of Nachtankereignisses is detected that vacuum fair values are compared by the absolute pressure sensor with a reference vacuum over the opening to determine the presence of the large leak, and that a diagnosis code corresponding to the big leak is only set for the termination of the previous Nachtankereignisses.


The present invention relates to quinazoline compounds of formula (I) useful as inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. The present invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and methods of using these compositions in the treatment of various disorders, wherein Wherein R 1 , X, R 3 , x, and ring A are as defined in this application. These compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be used in various diseases, disorders, or conditions (eg, pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, myotonia, arrhythmia, movement disorders, neuroendocrine disorders, ataxia, multiple Sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, visceral pain, diabetic neuropathy, root pain, etc.) are useful for treating or reducing the severity of these.


Objective : This study was purposed to investigate the acute. subacute toxicity of Herbal acupuncture with Juglandis Semen(JsD) in mice and rats. Methods & Results: Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with JsD for and acute toxicity test Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with JsD for subacute toxicity test. Results: The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. LD50 was uncountable as could not find the expired of treat group. 2. The clinical signs and body weight changes of mice treated with 0.2cc, 0.4cc JsD were not affected during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, total protein was increased in treat-l group, compared with normal group, and total cholesterol was increased in treat-2 group, compared with normal group.(P


There is provided a charging system having a circuit for delaying the power supply, and more particularly a charging system having a circuit for delaying the power supply installed on one side of a power supply device, wherein the circuit for delaying the power supply prevents a spark from being generated when an electronic device and the power supply device are connected to each other. The power supply delay circuit blocks the power supply to the Vcc supply terminal in the case where the GND ground terminal and the D signal terminal are not in an electrically short-circuited state, and releases the power supply blocking to the Vcc supply terminal because in the case where the GND ground terminal and the D signal terminal assume the electrically shorted state, an operation of the transistor is changed and a state of charge of the capacitor is changed.


Background
 Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes possess innate anti-tumor activity that has the potential to be used as an allogeneic cell therapy due to reduced GvHD risk relative to αβ T cells. Despite their potential, adoptive NK cell immunotherapies have been limited by poor expansion in vivo. Using our previously developed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell (CAR-T) strategy that relies on rimiducid-based dimerization of inducible MyD88/CD40 (iMC) to regulate T cell expansion and survival, we demonstrate that iMC can also be applied to NK cell growth and anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a rapamycin-inducible Caspase-9 (iRC9) was used to provide an orthogonally regulated safety switch.
 Methods and Results
 CD56+ NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of human donors, stimulated overnight with IL-15 then activated by seeding with K562 erythroleukemia target cells. NK cells were then transduced with γ-retrovirus encoding control iRC9-2A-ΔCD19, iRC9-2A-ΔCD19-2A-iMC (dual-switch NK) or iRC9-2A-IL-15-2A-ΔCD19-2A-iMC (dual-switch/IL-15 NK). ΔCD19 marked transduced cells in 50:50 cocultures with untransduced NK cells. NK cells containing only iRC9 grew at the same rate as untransduced cells, but iMC-expressing NK cells displayed enhanced growth that was further augmented by 1 nM rimiducid treatment. In cocultures with THP1 acute myeloid leukemia cells at increasing Target:Effector (T:E) ratios, presence (P < 0.001, two way ANOVA) and activation (P <0.001) of iMC increased tumor killing activity. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production was also dramatically (10 to 1000-fold) elevated by the expression and activation of iMC in NK cells in the presence and absence of THP1 tumor target.
 To study in vivo anti-tumor activity, immunodeficient NSG mice were engrafted with dual-switch NK cells with or without autocrine IL-15 expression in the presence or absence of THP-1 tumor targets. When tumor was present, unstimulated iMC with IL-15 or activation of iMC without IL-15 expression supported modest NK cell expansion, but rimiducid stimulation of iMC plus autocrine IL-15 showed enhanced NK expansion in vivo. Furthermore, in tumor-free animals only dual-switch/IL-15 NK cells with weekly rimiducid stimulation expanded and persisted in vivo (up to 7 weeks). Cotransduction of a first generation CD123-targeted CAR to produce dual-switch/IL-15 CD123CAR-NK cells led to rimiducid-dependent control of THP1 tumor outgrowth in vivo beyond 40 days. Conversely, temsirolimus-mediated activation of the iRC9 safety switch rapidly (< 24 hours) ablated dual-switch NK cells in vivo.
 Conclusions
 Inducible MyD88/CD40 is an activation switch that supports NK cell expansion, persistence and anti-tumor activity. When paired with autocrine IL-15 expression, this platform supports NK expansion and persistence in vivo, and AML tumoricidal activity that can be further activated by target-specific CAR expression. Moreover, the fast-acting, orthogonally regulated proapoptotic switch, iRC9, mitigates the risk of off-tumor targeting. Therefore, we describe a novel, regulated NK cell platform that solves many of the challenges of NK cell-based therapy and should be amenable to a readily translatable off-the-shelf cellular therapy for malignancies.

 Wang: Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Chang:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Jasinski:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Medina:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Zhang:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Foster:Bellicum: Employment, Equity Ownership. Spencer:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bayle:Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership.


An attempt has been made to define the relationship between customers and brand equity. Brand equity generates added value for products which help companies in long run. Over the past two decades, researchers have addressed various aspects of brand equity; brand equity is a critical success factor to differentiate companies from their competitors. Brands with high levels of equity are associated with outstanding performance including premium price, high market  shares, successful expansion into new businesses and high profitability. Brand equity is important in assisting consumers to process information about different brands, especially, when the information is overloaded.


This paper combined virtual instrument database with Web,and introduced the principle,modeling about virtual control,virtual instrument database,intelligent virtual control.With the frame of Java,virtual instrument database based on the Web was presented,which was divided into three-tier architectures such as interface tier,medium tier,background-service tier,was able to perform functions including login,maintenance,running on the client browser etc.


Education and education personnel in the educational process play a superior strategic role in efforts to develop the character of the nation through the development of the desired personality and values. In terms of the learning dimension, the role of educators in Indonesian society remains dominant compared to technology that can be utilized in the rapidly developing learning process. The educational process, or more specifically the learning process, is played by educators who cannot be replaced by technology. Their function cannot be completely eliminated as educators and instructors for their students. Likewise with education personnel, they carry out administration, management, development, supervision and technical implementation to support the education process in the education unit.


The prediction of the car ownership is the basic work for city traffic sustainable development. The paper carry on principal component analysis to influencing factors in the process of prediction of Wuhan City car ownership, determine the main components. Combining genetic algorithm with neural network, using genetic algorithm to optimize the weights of neural network, determine the initial weight values of neural network. Not only to improve the neural network training speed and generalization ability, but also overcome that the network is easy to fall into local minimum to a certain extent, then train the neural network, and carry on the prediction of car ownership. At last use a specific example to verify the prediction effect. Kerwords-principal component analysis; car ownership; genetic algorithm; neural network


Abstract Today enterprises are organized in networks of several distributed production sites in a geographical area more and more extended, where sites use the intermediary products of other sites to manufacture the final products. Therefore they transport raw materials and intermediate products between plants for manufacturing. Additionally these enterprises have to distribute their final products to far away consumers. In this context, it is difficult and not cost effective for these enterprises to manage their own transport vehicles. Thus they outsource their transportation tasks to third party logistics enterprises. These enterprises group transport orders of multiple enterprises together in order to reduce cost and travels number. The objective of this paper is to present a distributed architecture planning of transportation activities aimed at better utilize transport resources by grouping several orders of transport for each effective displacement.


The purpose of initial orbit determination,especially in the case of angles-only data for observation,is to obtain an initial estimate that is close enough to the true orbit to enable subsequent precision orbit determination processing to be successful.However,the classical angles-only initial orbit determination methods cannot deal with the observation data whose Earth-central angle is larger than 360°.In this paper,an improved double r-iteration initial orbit determination method to deal with the above case is presented to monitor geosynchronous Earth orbit objects for a spacebased surveillance system.Simulation results indicate that the improved double r-iteration method is feasible,and the accuracy of the obtained initial orbit meets the requirements of re-acquiring the object.


11 When men fight with one another, and the wife of the one draws near to rescue her husband from the hand of him who is beating him, and puts out her hand and seizes him by the private parts, 12 then you shall cut off her hand; your eye shall have no pity (RSV).


English, as a communication tool, is playing an extremely significant role in cross-cultural communication. While it is true that language users can mean exactly what they mean in their utterances, it is also true that they can have their utterances mean much more than what they say.  Speakers of English choose to speak indirectly, and that using conversational implicatures is a way to be indirect. This research paper examined the perception of English conversational implicatures among Yemeni EFL university learners. It followed an empirical analytical-descriptive method consisting of a test and an interview. The study subjects were 62 Yemeni EFL university learners. A multiple-choice discourse completion test and an interview were used for collecting the study data. The test contains six types of conversational implicature: Stating, Tautology, Rhetorical Question, Understatement, Indirect Refusal and Indirect Request. All the implicatures included in the test were adapted from the study related literature, whereas most of the test scenarios containing these implicatures were ready-made ones that the researcher came across throughout her reading. The results revealed that these implicatures were found easy by Yemeni EFL university learners to understand.


This paper introduces a modem method of utilizing PV solar inverter as static synchronous compensator, for increasing power transfer capability of the interconnected grid. The solar farm generates active power at day time and totally idle at night time The entire PV farm utilizes voltage controller and damping controller for increasing power transfer capacity during the time period. The capacity of inverter left after the active power production at day time which is used to accomplish the above objectives This novel control concept of PV solar farm improves power transfer capacity, therefore other additional flexible AC transmission system controllers or series/shunt capacitors are not required


The ultrafine/nano composite powder of W with addition of trace Y2O3 was prepared by sol-spray drying-hydrogen thermal multi-step reduction. After cold pressing forming and sintering at high temperature(1 800~ 1950 ℃), the trace yttrium oxide dispersion of fine-grained tungsten alloy was fabricated. The influence of the high energy ball milling on the powder morphology, alloy density and microstructures was tested and discussed. The effects of ball milling and sintering temperature on densification and microstructure of the sintered alloy were discussed. The results show that: the Fsss particle size is below 0.9 μm, the ultrafine/nano composite powder of W-Y2O3 has high sintering activity so that all materials have high relative density above 97.4% after sintering at 1 860 ℃. The high-energy ball milling after reduction of W-Y2O3 compound powder can significantly improve the level of densification, which can be up to 99.4% when sintered at 1 860 ℃; the grain of W-Y2O3 composite powder sintered at 1 860 ℃ without high energy ball milling is very small, which is only about 3 μm, but the distribution is not uniform. Appropriate energy ball milling is beneficial to improving the uniformity of the microstructure, while it can make the grain bigger.


This study describes the principle of balance of contract in the product agreement is the spirit of justice, but in fact why the existing agreement in the agreement of Islamic banking is still the form contract (standard ), which has a tendency loss of meaning in common ( Al - Musawah ), balanced and fair ( Al -Is). Practical level agreements in the banking world shows the imbalance phenomenon can be seen from the various clauses of consumer contracts , in which there are provisions that incriminating debtor. In this study, the method used is normative and empirical research. The study found that the agreement in the form of a standard contract is an agreement that does not meet the principle of balance of contract. The study also found it is necessary to apply the contract impartial mechanism of pre- contract , contract implementation and after the contract runs even in cases of civil disputes under the agreement .


A 25mm. diameter, S25 photocathode, 10- pixel position sensitive photomatrix tube has been recently tested at the focus of the 2.12 m. telescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional at San Pedro Martir in Baja, California. Direct imaging, high resolution spec-troscopy with a REOSC echelle spectrograph covering the 3200 - 6600Å range and high resolution spectroscopy with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer have been carried out on faint objects. Spectra of 13th to 16th magnitude quasars and galaxies have been observed with the MEPSICRON detector and satisfactory S/N ratios have been achieved in a few minutes exposure. Limiting total count rates, dark noise, linear spatial and time resolution were carefully measured in an astronomical setting. We present these results and briefly discuss their implication for fast, high resolution, large area imaging and spectroscopy of very faint astronomical sources.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the application of zone smelting to remove the trace heavy metal lead from waste acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (wABS) plastics was investigated. ABS standard samples with uniform and stable lead content were prepared by the method of lead stearate coupling agent. The structure, thermal stability, morphology and lead content of the standard ABS samples before and after zone smelting were characterized by FTIR, DSC, SEM and ICP-AES. The results showed that the lead content in the front and middle sections of the ABS sample decreased obviously after zone smelting, while the lead content in the tail increased significantly, and the structure, thermal stability and morphology remained basically unchanged.


Lucretius is an author about whom opmrons have greatly differed and one whose study has fluctuated to a great extent during different periods. Some writers have assigned him the primacy among the poets of Rome. No less capable a Latin scholar than Denys Lambin wrote the following tribute to his use of language: non dubitanter affirmabo, nullum in tota lingua Latina scriptorem Lucretia latine melius esse locutum, non M. Tullii, non C. Caesaris orationem esse puriorem. Yet he never attained the prominent place in later Roman education that was justly granted to the bards of Mantua and Venusia. As a philosopher, Lucretius has failed to make a great mark. His hexameter poem De Rerum Natura is the best Latin exposition of Epi. cureanism; but his school lost the Roman field to Stoicism, which, for all its errors, appeared more worthy of acceptance to the minds of Romans. The middle ages looked upon him as a scientist more than as a philosopher; and even in science he was not held in the same esteem as Pliny or Seneca, to mention only the Latin authors. Modern philological study of Lucretius began with Lachmann in the last century. Munro in England, Brieger in Germany, and Giussani in Italy carried on further researches into the interpretation of his poem. In our own century, Ernout and Robin, Bailey, Merrill, Diels, and Martin have published useful editions and commentaries of De Rerum Natura. The present edition is a cooperative project, " the result of nearly lifelong interests of two scholars, which some fifteen years ago became merged in a cooperative enterprise." Professor Leonard has contributed the General Introduction. on" Lucretius: The Man, the Poet, and the Times"; Professor Smith has contributed the Latin text, the Commentary, and the Introduction to the Commentary, but "in a broader sense they are jointly responsible for the whole" (p. v) . Such a cooperative project has the obvious advantage of two heads instead of one, but in one instance at least it has led to overlapping. Witness the treatment by Leonard of Mss. (pp. 84-91) and the fuller treatment by Smith (p. 95 ff.), where there is necessarily some repetition. Usually, however, this overlapping is happily avoided.


Instructing troubleshoot competence in ship electrical learning subject remains a challenging process. A fault condition is something we cannot find at any time, including earth fault, which is very critical onboard the ship. Moreover, not all educational institutions have easy access to an actual ship. Utilizing a serious game in the learning process gives an advantage in providing a virtual environment and experience in simulating troubleshooting. Incorporating game design elements and gamification features will also create a positive learning environment, enhancing excitement, motivation, and engagement. However, designing educational games is a challenging endeavor. Including feedback from both experts and users in developing a game will provide information that can clarify gameplay, instruction, and in-game objective. Several methods in designing the games offer different stages and different stakeholders being involved. This paper proposed a new approach involving users and experts in the earliest stage of design which is applied in designing a ship's electrical earth fault troubleshoot serious game. A better notion in the initial design is considerably more advantageous than modifying the software prototype based on feedback from users and experts in a later design stage.


[Objective] To study complicating prevention and treating in thyroidectomy with celioscope via chest wall. [Methods] Preventing and treating complication which may occur or has already occurred to patients received thyroidectomy with celioscope via chest wall. [Results] 33 cases of patients underwent hyroidectomy with celioscope via chest wall. During the surgery, massive haemorrhage occurred, 1 case transferred to open surgery, 2 cases occurred with dizziness and emesia, 3 cases with pain in deglutition, 1 case with one-off husky voice, and 1 case with tumescent red skin and speckles on chest. 1 case of patients had accrementition on the cut scar. No decease case occurred during and after surgery. [Conculsions] Familiarity of thyroid anatomic structure, and skillful operation of celioscope, unfurling nervus laryngealis recurrens, and good anesthetic method are the effective approach to prevent and reduce all kinds of complications.


There is increasing interest in `moving upstream' in youth health promotion efforts to focus on building youth self-esteem, self-efficacy and civic engagement. Participatory Action Research (PAR) can be a powerful mechanism for galvanizing youth to become active agents of this change. Engaging youth in PAR and health promotion, however, is not always an easy task. This article describes a model (e-PAR) for using technology and Participatory Action Research to engage youth in community health promotion. The e-PAR Model was developed iteratively in collaboration with 57 youth and five community partners through seven projects. The Model is designed to be used with a group of youth working with a facilitator within a youth-serving organization. In addition to outlining the theoretical basis of the e-PAR Model, this article provides an overview of how the Model was developed along with implications for practice and research.


Organic components of alkane in falling dust of Lanzhou City,Gansu Province was analyzed to estimate the air quality of Lanzhou during winter which is the heating period in northern China and its pollution source. Results showed that there were three distribution types of n-alkane,and the single peak mainly with rear peak has great percentage in TSP of Lanzhou,with dominant peak as C29 and C31 and C24~C27 as main components of alkane in TSP. Organics in air particles were mainly originated from terraneous higher plants and human activities such as coal burning,incomplete burning of oil products and exhaust gas discharged from vehicles. Alkane spectrum illustrated that human activity has significant contribution to TSP and plants in winter are in bad status. Role of microorganism in falling dust may be one of factors in increasing organic mass.


Rope transport has received quite a lot of development in the field of passenger and cargo transportation. In some cases (for example, in ski resorts), it is indispensable. To prevent emergency situations, a sufficiently large number of standards and rules for safe operation and maintenance have been developed. However, emergencies do occur. One of the reasons is the insufficient professional training of rope transport workers, who must know and possess the skills to apply the provisions of regulatory documentation, as well as properly perform their professional duties. This article is devoted to the scientific problem of probabilistic assessment of the possibility of various emergency situations on cable transport, depending on the level of mastery of professional competencies and their constituent knowledge, skills and abilities. To solve this problem, a technology based on neural network training has been applied. As an example, specialists in the professional standard «Specialist in the organization of safe operation of passenger cable cars and funiculars» are considered.


This paper presents an experimental study on repetitive partial discharge inception probability of twisted enameled wires subjected to modified inverter-surges. In order to obtain the probability curves as a function of the voltage amplitude, we develop an automatic measurement system of partial discharge inception probability for the twisted enameled wires subjected to the repetitive pulses with step-by-step increasing in the voltage height. Very fast oscillated pulses with or without polarity-reversal and an impulse-like pulse without oscillation are used as the modified inverter-surges. In the test for the impulse-like voltage, repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV) decreases with increasing the pulse width. On the other hand, RPDIV for the polarity-reversed pulse with a higher oscillation cycle is lower than that for the pulse with lower oscillation cycle. The difference of PD inception probability between the voltage waveforms will be discussed on the basis of charge dynamics on the wire surfaces. Index Terms: modified-inverter-surge, repetitive partial discharge, automatic measurement, polarity-reversed pulse, twisted-pair


— Most previously proposed statistical models for the indoor multipath channel include only time-of-arrival character- istics. However, in order to use statistical models in simulating or analyzing the performance of systems employing spatial diversity combining, information about angle of arrival statistics is also required. Ideally, it would be desirable to characterize the full space-time nature of the channel. In this paper, a system is described that was used to collect simultaneous time and angle of arrival data at 7 GHz. Data processing methods are outlined, and results obtained from data taken in two different buildings are presented. Based on the results, a model is proposed that employs the clustered "double Poisson" time-of-arrival model proposed by Saleh and Valenzuela (1987). The observed angular distribution is also clustered with uniformly distributed clusters and arrivals within clusters that have a Laplacian distribution.


Andy Powell, chief executive of education foundation Edge, writes exclusively for SecEd this week examining the UK's progress in developing an education system that encourages many paths to success and recognises all skills and talents of young people


The design of a high lift system for the NASA advanced LFC airfoil designed by Pfenninger is described. The high lift system consists of both leading and trailing edge flaps. A 3 meter semispan, 1 meter chord wing model using the above airfoil and high lift system is under construction and will be tested in the NASA Langley 4 by 7 meter tunnel. This model will have two separate full span leading edge flaps (0.10c and 0.12c) and one full span trailing edge flap (0.25c). The performance of this high lift system was predicted by the NASA two dimensional viscous multicomponent airfoil program. This program was also used to predict the characteristics of the LFC airfoils developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company and Lockheed-Georgia Aircraft Company.


For the purpose of evaluating the performance of combined optical diode lasers,two approaches estimating beam propagation factor were analyzed.One was similar to the approach used in the traditional diode stack,calculating the beam width based on the geometry optics,the other was based on the similar Gaussian model of the emitter calculating the beam width by the definition of the second order moment of intensity distribution.Finally the dependence of the M2 factor of the output beam on the number of the diode bars and the number of emitters per bar was deduced.An experiment on a three-bar combined optical diode laser was carried out,with output power of 120W,power density of 209W/cm2,average pitch of 1.1mm,and total beam propagation ratio M2=197.The two approaches were compared through the experiment.The analysis results show that both these approaches are available in estimating the output beam quality of the optical combination diode lasers.


Objective: Coleus forskohlii is the only known source of forskolin-a labdanediterpene and a highly valuable phytochemical. Coleus forskohlii has been listed as endangered plant; therefore, efforts have been made to find novel sources of forskolin production. Methods: Endophytic fungi were isolated from Coleus forskohlii tissue and screened for forskolin production by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Further, 16 different elicitation media combinations were used to enhance the forskolin content. Results: In this study, out of 38 strains of endophytic fungi from Coleus forskohlii only 2 strains EF1 and EF2 were found to synthesize forskolin in mycelium, whereas EF2 was found to release the forskolin into the broth. Further, EF2 was identified as Rhizactonia bataticola accession no. NFCCI 2028. Further, T 2 S 1 media showed dramatic effects on enhanced forskolin production in mycelium. However, there was a significant increase about four folds in broth which corresponded to 0.5 mg compared to T 1 S 1 media where it was 0.09 mg. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the forskolin producing Rhizactonia bataticola and T 2 S 1 media can serve as potential materials for large scale enhancement of forskolin production.


Let L/K be an extension of absolutely abelian number fields of equal conductor, n. The image of the ring of integers of L under the trace map from L to K is an ideal in the ring of integers in K. We compute the absolute norm of this ideal exactly for any such L/K, thereby sharpening an earlier result of Kurt Girstmair. Furthermore, we define an "adjusted trace map" that allows the proof of Leopoldt's Theorem to be reduced to the cyclotomic case.


Distribution of Callinectes larvae in surface (neuston) and subsurface shelf waters in the Middle Atlantic Bight was determined from quarterly zooplankton collections taken during a 2-year study. Observations confirmed the presence in offshore waters of a large larval pool from which recruitment may take place. Larvae were predominantly late zoeae and megalope, with peak abundances in late summer collections reaching 16,000 per 100 m3 in neuston collections. During summer, crab larvae were distributed across the shelf with the majority at 10-80 km offshore. Abundances were sig nificantly greater in neuston than subsurface zooplankton collections and generally greater in neuston collections taken at night. Water temperature and distance from shore were factors most closely correlated with abundance of larvae in the neuston. Megalopae of Callinectes were present at outer shelfstations in winter and spring and together wi th megalopae of Portunus and other forms were of southern origin. Basedon experimentally determined temperature-salinity preferences reported in the literature for Callinectes larvae, metamorphosis may be delayed in cooler offshore waters, thus increasing chances of long-range transport. The community of organisms of the surface layer (the neuston 3 ) has received increasing attention in terms of sampling problems and possible ecologi cal significance. Zaitsev (1970) described the neus ton as consisting chiefly of early developmental stages of fishes and invertebrates. Berkowitz (1976) and Morris (1975), however, found oceanic neuston faunistically impoverished in comparison with zooplankton of the immediate subsurface. Few studies of the neuston of shelf and shallow waters exist; preliminary indications are that the zooplankton ofthe surface waters ofthe continen tal shelf are at least quantitatively enriched (Grant 4


To examine methodologies that address imbalanced treatment switching and censoring, six different analytic approaches were evaluated under a comparative effectiveness framework: intention-to-treat, as-treated, intention-to-treat with censor-weighting, as-treated with censor-weighting, time-varying exposure, and time-varying exposure with censor-weighting. Marginal structural models were employed to address time-varying exposure, confounding, and possibly informative censoring in an administrative dataset of adult patients who were hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome and treated with either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. The effectiveness endpoint included first occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. These methodologies were then applied across simulated datasets with varying frequencies of treatment switching and censoring to compare the effect estimate of each analysis. The findings suggest that implementing different analytic approaches impacts the point estimate and interpretation of analyses, especially when censoring is highly unbalanced.


Human capital can be divided into four categories in terms of post and contribution.As owners of human capital of different categories have different decision-making responsibility and bargaining power,the enterprise's incentive mode should be categorized so as to match decision-making responsibility and bargaining power with incentive mode and to reasonably stimulate owners of human capital.Short-term incentive mode is suitable to the human capital with lower post and less contribution.Medium-term incentive mode with fixed incentive as its main means is suitable to human capital with higher post and less contribution while medium-term incentive mode with income as its main incentive is suitable to human capital with lower post and more contribution.Long-term incentive mode is suitable to human capital with higher post and more contribution.


Although there have been revolutionary improvements in care of IBD patients, considering the effect of lifelong disease with numerous relapses, one of our goals is to recognise burden of chronic symptoms such as fatigue which can significantly interfere with performance of everyday activities, and negatively impact on quality of life (QoL).

 Randomly selected IBD patients were invited to anonymously fulfil multiple mixed-methods (quantitave/qualitative) Quality of Life questionnaires (SF-36, IMPACT, SIDBQ, IBD disk) in order to evaluate prevalence of fatigue as well as the variables associated with an increased risk of fatigue (using the Fisher's exact test).

 The study population included 70 patients (50.7% male, mean age 38.1 years, 55.7% Crohn's disease). The prevalence of fatigue was 48.6% and variables associated with an increased risk of fatigue were: anxiety/depression (p = 0.002), lower perception of general well-being (p = 0.03), sleep disturbance (p = 0.02), inadequate interpersonal interactions (p = 0.03) and unsatisfactory performance in educational and professional daily activities (p = 0.01). The presence of joint pain as a common extraintestinal manifestation of IBD was not associated with fatigue (p = 0.06).

 Chronic fatigue is a debilitating symptom among adult patients with IBD. Anxiety/depression, lower perception of general well-being, sleep disturbance, inadequate interpersonal interactions and unsatisfactory performance in educational and professional daily activities were associated with fatigue in this Croatian cohort of IBD patients.


Low-latency live (LLL) adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming relies critically on accurate bandwidth estimation to react to dynamic network conditions. While existing studies have proposed bandwidth estimation techniques for LLL streaming, these approaches are at the application level, and their accuracy is limited by the distorted timing information observed at the application level. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer approach that uses coarse-grained application-level semantics and fine-grained kernel-level packet capture to obtain accurate bandwidth estimation. We incorporate this technique in three popular open-source ABR players and show that it provides significantly more accurate bandwidth estimation than the state-of-the-art application-level approaches. In addition, the more accurate bandwidth estimation leads to better bandwidth prediction, which we show can lead to significantly better quality of experience (QoE) for end users.


Extreme environments such as disasters are often managed by several teams working towardsasharedgoalbutwithuniquesub-goalsatindividualandteamlevels.Whilstthese multiteam systems provide potential access to a wide pool of knowledge and resources, public inquiries repeatedly highlight coordination difficulties, leading to conflicting decisions and actions. However, limited research has focused on examining the inter-team processes used to coordinate decisions in situ within extreme environments in order to cross-validate theory. Accordingly, the following study analyses naturalistic observations conducted during two large-scale live disaster response exercises in order to examine (1) what inter-team processes are used to coordinate decisions, and (2) the extent to which they correspond with a linear phase-based 'Joint Decision Model' (JDM) introduced to national UK disaster response guidance. Findings show responders frequently either revert to gathering information rather than progressing to take action, or take action without deliberately considering options, powers, and policies to form a plan. These non-linear decision processes remain largely similar across both exercises, indicating that the initial implementation of national JDM guidance has not yet led to substantial changes. Further focus is needed to identify mechanisms for improving coordinationinpractice,includingtheformandfrequencyoftrainingrequiredtomaintainsuchcomplexskills.


Background CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with continuous suppression of plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) is highly variable. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for long-term CD4+ T-cell increase in treatment-naive patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods Treatment-naive patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study reaching two VL measurements <50 copies/ml >3 months apart during the 1st year of cART were included (n=1,816 patients). We studied CD4+ T-cell dynamics until the end of suppression or up to 5 years, subdivided into three periods: 1st year, years 2–3 and years 4–5 of suppression. Multiple median regression adjusted for repeated CD4+T-cell measurements was used to study the dependence of CD4+ T-cell slopes on clinical covariates and drug classes. Results Median CD4+ T-cell increases following VL suppression were 87, 52 and 19 cells/μl per year in the three periods. In the multiple regression model, median CD4+ T-cell increases over all three periods were significantly higher for female gender, lower age, higher VL at cART start, CD4+ T-cell <650 cells/μ l at start of the period and low CD4+ T-cell increase in the previous period. Patients on tenofovir showed significantly lower CD4+T-cell increases compared with stavudine. Conclusions In our observational study, long-term CD4+ T-cell increase in drug-naive patients with suppressed VL was higher in regimens without tenofovir. The clinical relevance of these findings must be confirmed in, ideally, clinical trials or large, collaborative cohort projects but could influence treatment of older patients and those starting cART at low CD4+ T-cell levels.


In the current issue of the journal, Ellsworth1 et al report a small but significant increase (from 5.0% to 6.2%) in the off-label use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) between 2009 and 2013 in preterm infants born earlier than 30 weeks. This increase occurred in spite of the publication of the iNO Consensus Statement2 in 2011 and the 2014 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics.3 Both reports conclude, on the basis of quality A evidence, with recommendations against using iNO to reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm infants with respiratory failure. The findings of Ellsworth et al are probably generalizable. They cite a usage rate of 6.9% for a comparable preterm cohort in the Vermont Oxford Network and review of data in the same gestational group from the New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory network (by NE) shows a rate of 7.2%.

So why this continued use of iNO, considering the strength of evidence against using this expensive treatment? There would seem to be 3 possibilities: first and least likely, lack of awareness of the evidence; second and more likely, a view that the evidence is not generalizable to a particular situation; or third and most likely, that, despite the evidence, the neonatal intensivists' instinct to attempt to normalize physiology prevails when faced with a hypoxic ventilated baby.

We speculate that iNO is being mainly used in 2 clinical scenarios: first, during acute crises of oxygenation in the first week or two of life and, second, in infants with evolving chronic lung disease with suspected or documented pulmonary hypertension. The evidence against using iNO is strongest in the first of these scenarios. Meta-analysis is not perfect and cannot, even through sophisticated statistical …

Address correspondence to Neil N. Finer, MD, UCSD Medical Center, Neonatology, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103-8774. E-mail: nfiner{at}ucsd.edu


ABSTRACT Movement is an inseparable part of human life; therefore, it is one of the most natural remedies. Its effects on the nervous system are both physiological and epigenetic in nature; therefore, movement affects the brain in a multidimensional and multimodal manner. However, it turns out that the neurorehabilitation therapist may also affect the nervous system through specific motor acts as a result of proprioceptors stimulation, the relationship between coordination abilities and cognitive functions, and the involvement of individual areas of the central nervous system in intensive and effective work. This paper presents the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of movement on the functioning of the nervous system, and in particular the brain, at the cognitive, systemic and molecular levels.


Wivenhoe Dam has recently been completed in the middle reaches of the Brisbane River, and in conjunction with Somerset Dam, provides a water supply and flood mitigation for the city of Brisbane and surrounding urban areas. This paper describes the hydrologic analysis carried out in the development of flood operations rules.


This research was supported by a scholarship from the UG-Carnegie NGAA Project.IntroductionThe issue of homosexuality has been a topic of passionate discussion in Ghana recently. With the numerous local radio stations discussing different angles to the issue, it became increasingly obvious that the majority of Ghanaians are unaccepting of homosexuality. Reasons often given are that it is foreign to our culture, morally wrong and is against the nation's major religions (i.e. Christianity, Islam, and Traditional Religion). According to the 2012 Win-Gallup International's Global Index of Religiousity and Atheism, Ghana is the first among the top 10 religious populations of the world with 96%. Religion in Ghana is not only important because of the number of citizens that claim religious adherence but also because of its intense manifestation in the daily lives of the people and the extent of the impact of its ideas (Atiemo, 2013). Religious beliefs are therefore not a matter of purely personal concern but are always part of the issues debated on in public. Matters such as politics, the economy, health and education, and of course homosexuality, are therefore subjects of religious discourse. As Gyekye (2003) aptly put it, the African heritage is intensely religious and therefore all the actions and thoughts of an African have a religious meaning and are inspired or influenced by a religious point of view.Belonging to a particular religion requires a certain level of commitment in order to establish constant ties with the Supreme Being (Gyekye, 2003). Religious commitment is the degree to which a person adheres to his or her religious values, beliefs, and practices and uses them in daily living (Worthington, 1988). Having certain beliefs inform the kind of attitude one will have regarding certain issues and this will in turn affect how one behaves. Does this therefore mean that Ghanaians are not accepting of homosexuals because of their religious commitment? The available evidence points to the fact that high religiousity and being affiliated to Pentecostal churches are related to negative attitudes toward homosexuals (Anarfi & GyasiGyamerah, 2014). Being affiliated to a particular religion or religious denomination and being highly religious however do not mean having religious commitment considering the definition noted earlier.Although Ghanaians were found to be the most religious (Win-Gallup International, 2012), the specific questions asked shows that they may not necessarily be committed to their religion. For example, participants were asked to indicate whether they were religious persons or atheists. Gyekye (2003) posited that in the traditional African society, there are no atheists or agnostics. It is therefore not surprising that most Ghanaians would say they are religious. The basis for their assertion is basically their belief in the Supreme Being (God) since for the African, having a conception of God as the creator of the universe and humankind is natural (Gyekye, 2003).The Structure of Prejudicial AttitudesAnecdotal evidence that Ghanaians have negative attitudes toward homosexuals has been confirmed by available literature (e.g. Anarfi & Gyasi-Gyamerah, 2014; Owusu, Anarfi, & Tenkorang, 2013). An attitude is an overall evaluation of a stimulus object or an attitude object (Haddock & Maio, 2008). The multicomponent model of attitude postulated by Zanna and Rempel (1988) posit that, an attitude has three components, including the affective, cognitive, and behavioural components. For the purposes of this study, the affective and cognitive components were of interest. The affective component refers to feelings or emotions associated with an attitude object (Haddock & Maio, 2008). These feelings or emotions, known as affective responses, influence attitudes in a number of ways, the primary way being due to the affective reactions that are aroused in an individual after s/he is exposed to the attitude object. …


The study substantiates the effectiveness of using distance learning technologies in preparing postgraduate students in technical specialties for candidate minimum examinations in the foreign language during the transition to distance learning in Moscow universities due to the epidemiological situation in 2020-2021. The present study reveals both positive and negative aspects of distance learning and provides an understanding of the key vector in the development of the methodological basis of pedagogical activity. The study emphasizes the special organizational role of a foreign language teacher in distance learning. The empirical section of the study presents the results of a questionnaire survey of postgraduate students in aerospace specialties collecting their opinions on the distance learning format of the "Foreign language" discipline using information and communication technologies (ICT) at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Seventy first-year postgraduate students participated in the survey. The study also uses a questionnaire interview of teachers working with postgraduate students. This survey used open-ended questions. Overall, the study demonstrates students' positive attitude to the distance format of the "Foreign language" discipline. The use of ICT raises interest both in the learning process and the discipline itself.


In order to analyse the effect of ML gene to Phytophthora capsici,plant expression vector pBI121-ML was constructed by using the vector pBI121.The expressed vector pBI121-ML was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by means of rapid frozen thaw method successfully.Pepper susceptible Cv.B12 was transformed with pBI121-ML by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.PCR and RT-PCR detection confirmed that four transgenic lines of pepper were obtained.


In article approach concept of communications in works of the researcher Herbert Marshall McLuhan. In the given concept sight at communications is presented as «on body expansion». Concepts hot and cold communications, and modern communications are analyzed.


If you were a small company with what you believe to be a great opportunity for making money or a group of people wanting to develop an undertaking that would benefit society, where do you go for capital? A bank or other single source of funds is extremely risk adverse and would certainly want security, so may not be interested. Alternatively, one answer is to get funds from crowd-funding. Small companies have embraced crowd-funding with gusto. Supported and advertised vehemently by the Chamber of Commerce and numerous other trade bodies, crowd-funding is injecting vital capital to small businesses and social entrepreneurial ventures. Imagine you wanted to borrow $10,000. If it came from a single source it would be a high risk investment. However, if it came from 5,000 donors each donating $2, risk would be small. That is effectively what crowd-funding is and how it works. Sounds too easy to be true; what are the draw-backs; and why is it growing at a phenomenal rate?


In the beginning years of the new Millennium, Chinese scholars undertake studies of post-modernity in the areas of philosophy, law, politics, psychology, literary arts and cultural industries, etc., expanding the research space for the "post- studies". Academic circles have acquired a new understanding of the significance of post-modernity, noting that post-modernity is not the simple depreciation of reason. Rather, it is stripping the coverings of modernity and challenging the legitimate justifications of modernity. This article undertakes a survey of the debates in the researches on post-modernity and an analysis of such post-modern radical philosophies like ideas of deconstructive philosophical, post-feminism, pluralism etc. from multiple issues of tradition, modernity and post-modernity. It further probes post-modern politics, sociology and psychology, surveys post-modern issues of politics, sociology, psychology and theology, and explores the aspects of pluralistic discourse from the dimension of post-modern literature and arts, exposing the latest academic path of Chinese researches of the "post- studies.


The present study investigated the effect of egg exposure to three light and dark regimes: 00D: 24L; 24D: 24L; and 12D: 12L on hatching and early growth of Clarias gariepinus larvae. Incubation was carried out in 30L black cylindrical plastic bowls. Hatching rates were determined 24hours post incubation while growth and survival were determined every three days for two weeks. Results obtained reveal no significant difference (P>0.05) in fertilization rate of eggs assigned to various photoperiods and no effect of photoperiod on mean final weight, mean weight gain, and specific growth rate of fry. However hatching rate and survival rate were significantly affected by light regime (P<0.05) with fry raised under the light regimes of 12L: 12D and 24L: 00D having significantly higher hatching (84%) and survival (54%) rates. A favorable temperature as well as better vision in search and capture of food aided fish under these treatments to perform better. Photoperiod can therefore be used to enhance incubation, hatching and early growth of C. gariepinus with potential to maximize hatching from egg


The relationship between the age of information (AoI) and the mean squared error (MSE) in optimisation problems has been widely investigated for various Gaussian Markov models. Recently, we put the AoI in an information-theoretic context and proposed a mutual information-based value of information (VoI) framework to characterise how valuable the status updates are. In this letter we consider general noisy Gaussian models and investigate the connection between the VoI and MSE. We show that the VoI can be presented by a logarithmic function of the MSE. We also study the rate of change of the two with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the AoI. The results hold for both discrete-time and continuous-time stationary Gaussian processes. This letter illuminates a useful relationship between information theory and signal processing theory in the presence of the AoI and additive noise, and provides a possible way to infer the information value by estimating the MSE for practical applications.


OBJECTIVES
Ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders have been reported in hospital studies conducted in the United States, but general population studies find little or no evidence of higher rates of disorder in Black communities than White communities. Thus, ethnic/racial differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in treated samples may be due to biased estimates. Aside from sampling bias, 4 hypothetical models of ethnic/racial differences may account for such bias: sociocultural, self-selection, social selection, and clinician bias. The present article reviews and performs limited tests of these 4 models.

DESIGN
Paranoia is considered a key symptom in biases associated with ethnic/racial differences in psychiatric disorders. Black, Latino, and White community and patient samples are compared, via secondary analysis of data from an epidemiologic study, in terms of their expression of a range of paranoid symptoms.

PARTICIPANTS
The study sample consisted of 404 community residents, 96 patients with major depression, and 65 patients with nonorganic, nonaffective psychotic disorder (mainly DSM III schizophrenia).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hypothesis-testing involved 2 approaches: 1) standard significance tests of mean differences between groups; and 2) an analysis of the patterns of mean scores across the paranoia scales from the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview by ethnic/racial group and diagnostic category.

RESULTS
The results of this study favor the sociocultural explanation of bias associated with ethnic/racial differences in psychiatric disorders.

CONCLUSION
To reduce disparities in ethnic/racial patterns of psychiatric hospitalizations, the biases associated with differences in the sociocultural backgrounds of providers and patients need to be addressed.


The paper presents a unified computer assisted automatic damage identification technique based on a damage index, associated with changes in the vibrational and wave propagation characteristics in damaged structures. An improved ultrasonic and vibration test setup consisting of distributed, high fidelity, intelligent, surface mounted sensor arrays is used to examine the change in the dynamical properties of realistic composite structural components with the appearance of damage. The sensors are assumed to provide both the low frequency global response (i.e., modal frequencies, mode shapes) of the structure to external loads and the (local) high frequency signals due to wave propagation effects in either passive or active mode of the ultrasonic array. Using the initial measurements performed on an undamaged structure as baseline, the damage indices are evaluated from the comparison of the frequency response of the monitored structure with an unknown damage. The technique is applied to identify impact damage in a woven stiffened composite plate that presents practical difficulties in transmitting waves across it due to scattering and other energy dissipation effects present in the material and the geometry of the structure. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out in order to estimate a threshold value of the index below which no reliable information about the state of health of the structure can be achieved. The feasibility of developing a practical Intelligent Structural Health Monitoring (ISHM) System, based on the concept of "a structure requesting service when needed," is discussed.


Dental caries are considered to be the fourth biggest health disorders worldwide after cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and AIDS. This multifactorial disorder has not been paid much attention by researchers in Libreville. Our study was aimed at determining the prevalence and the severity of dental caries amongst school children assess, the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors, and oral hygiene habits on this disorder. It was a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling in both public and private, schools in children the ages of 6 to 12 years in accordance with the World Health Organization guidelines. Data on socio-economic and demographic features of the families, child's attendance at dental clinics, frequency of cariogenic food consumption, and oral hygiene. Non-invasive dental examination was done, and consisted of inspection of the teeth and exploration of the tooth surface using a dental probe. Qualitative parameters, such as the presence of healthy, missing, decayed or blocked teeth were noted. The Klein and Palmer indice was used for analysis, and the co and CAO indices were calculated respectively for temporary and permanent teeth.The prevalence of dental caries was 75% amongst children aged 6, years and 81.4% amongst children aged 12 years. The degree of severity, as reflected by the different indices, was moderate in children aged 6 (co = 4.0) and high in children aged 12 (CAO = 4.9). Attendance at dental clinics was low (20.7%), and was for pain in 93% of the children. The type and the frequency of food consumption, alongside with oral hygiene habits, were shown to influence the condition of the teeth. Thus the prevalence of dental caries in school children in Libreville is a cause for concern, so curative and more particularly preventive measures need to be taken.


The article considers a variant of the approximation of algebraic lattices by integer ones in the quadratic case, the set of their local minima is written out explicitly, and it is also shown that for these integer approximations of algebraic quadratic lattices it is possible to construct efficient algorithms for calculating the hyperbolic parameter.


Sudden changes in visual scenes often indicate important events for behavior. For their quick and reliable detection, the brain must be capable to process these changes as independent as possible from its current activation state. In motion-selective area MT, neurons respond to instantaneous speed changes with pronounced transients, often far exceeding the expected response as derived from their speed tuning profile. We here show that this complex, non-linear behavior emerges from the combined temporal dynamics of excitation and divisive inhibition, and provide a comprehensive formal analysis. A central prediction derived from this investigation is that attention increases the steepness of the transient response irrespective of the activation state prior to a stimulus change, and irrespective of the sign of the change. Extracellular recordings of attention-dependent representation of both speed increments and decrements confirmed this prediction and suggest that improved change detection derives from basic computations in a canonical cortical circuitry.


Lutheran Elementary School and Evangelism Symposium, Sponsored by the WELS Board for Parish Education and Dr. Martin Luther College, Yahara Center, Madison, WI April 24-25, 1987.


Abstract Ten subjects with normal renal function were given different single doses of aluminium containing antacids (1, 4, or 8 tablets). The antacid tablets (aluminium content 244 mg tablet‐1) were chewed and swallowed either with water, with orange juice, or with citric acid solution. There was a marked increase in serum concentration of aluminium when the antacids was ingested with citric acid (P<0·001) or with orange juice (P<0·05). When antacids were taken with water, a slight, but significant increase in serum aluminium concentration was seen with 4, but not with 1 or with 8 tablets. Following all doses of antacid, a significant increase in 24 h urinary excretion of aluminium was seen. The estimated absorption of aluminium was 8 and 50 times higher when antacids were taken with orange juice or with citric acid, respectively, than when taken with water. Thus, measurable quantities of aluminium are absorbed from single oral doses of antacids. The absorption is substantially enhanced by concomitant ingestion of citric acid.


There are many ways to implement an algorithm using a digital system. We can implement an algorithm directly in software, firmware, hardware or a mix of these techniques. For example, a program can be written for a microcomputer that uses external hardware (e.g. a calculator chip) to do floating point arithmetic. Another example is a machine language program that is optimized by rewriting heavily used portions of the program in firmware. Thus we see that a user (a term we shall use throughout to mean the implementor of the algorithm) potentially has a wide range of implementation methods from which to choose.


A great deal of excavations come up with the massive construction of subway station for urban railway transportation.How to evaluate the real-time status in the process of excavation is meaningful for the safety of deep pits.And the key process is how to obtain the real bending moment of the retaining wall.The computational method,in which the curvature is obtained by smooth spline curve fitting of the deformation of the retaining wall,is presented.The accuracy of the method is validated by contrasting the results with that of method of smooth spline.


In response to a different screen size, resolution ratio, and different positioning application development of a variety of mobile hardware and build a mobile devices program interface development for applications, the paper introduces a model of cards application interface development, the structure is constructed by Card and View, and this architecture combines the ease of development and maintenance of a web application with the deep integration available to native applications, significantly advancing the mobile user experience, while keeping application development simple.


Objective
To investigate the effects of metformin on the radiosensitivity of breast carcinoma cells with different estrogen receptors stasus (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Two cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in logarithmic phase were divided into four groups: control group, drug group (metformin), irradiation group and experimental group (irradiation plus metformin). MTT assay and the clonogenic assay were performed to evaluate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and survival of breast carcinoma cell lines, respectively. The change of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rates were measured by propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33342 staining analysis repectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-AMPK and p-mTOR.

Resutls
Metformin could obviously inhibit the proliferation of the two breast carcinoma cell lines in a dose dependent manner. The cloning formation capacity was decreased in the group of metformin plus irradiation, which displayed the values of Dq, D0 and SF2 significantly lower than those of irradiation alone group (MCF-7: t=9.305, 14.528, 13.708, P 0.05). While inhibition of p-mTOR by metformin was observed in both cell lines (MCF-7: t=80.133, 31.820, 11.308, P<0.05; MDA-MB-231: t=12.436, 15.757, 8.402, P<0.05).

Conclusions
This study suggests that metformin possessed a strong radiosensitizing potential in both breast carcinoma cell lines of MCF-7 (ER positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER negative). This radiosensitizing effect may result from the activation of AMPK or AMPK-independent pathway, inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway, and the enhancement of radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis after metformin treatment.

Key words:
Metformin; Radiosensitization; Breast carcinoma cells; Estrogen receptor; Apoptosis


We used stable carbon isotopes from faeces to investigate the proportional contribution of C3 and C4 plant forms to the diet of the herbivores in Mkambati Nature Reserve, a grassland dominated ecosystem on the east coast of South Africa. Our results indicate that Equus burchellii, Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi, and Alcelaphus buselaphus utilize mainly C4 grasses. Tragelaphus oryx, Potamochoerus larvatus, Tragelaphus scriptus and Antidorcas marsupialis utilized mainly C3 plant forms but Redunca arundinum utilized an approximately equal amount of C3 and C4 plants. The results indicated similar trends compared to the more arid savanna systems (i.e. Kruger National Park in South Africa and several national parks in Kenya) with a few notable differences in some species (i.e. red hartebeest, southern reedbuck, eland, bushbuck and bushpig).


In order to study engineering application of first-floor isolation system,isolation design and analysis for the first-floor weak frame-structure are carried out.on which first-floor isolation technology is applied under a five-story medical technology building as background,of which first floor is open.Time-history analysis for the structures shows that,under 7 degree earthquakes,vibration reduction effect of the superstructure is obvious;the substructure(independent columns) does not yield under 8 degree rare earthquakes.Design of independent columns is emphatically discussed and it can raise the safety degree and does not affect the use of the space of the open floor.It is verified that first-floor isolation technology applied on the first-floor weak structure is not only reliable in technology but also reasonable in economy.


The multi-media classroom is computer-aid teaching infrastructure construction and important component,it has already been applied widely to colleges and universities classroom teaching.The classroom builds and manages working practice through multi-media.This paper analyzes the various existing problems in our university multi-media classroom,expounds aspects such as building a norm,using,managing current situation to multi-media classroom soft hardware,and studies the developing direction in future segment of period building,scientific administration and so on.


The Covid-19 pandemic causes psychological stress, such as fear and anxiety, and requires exceptional recovery. Such conditions can lead to mental disorders and the risk of developing physical health even in a healthy person without a medical history. The purpose of this study was to find a theoretical model of the relationship between family communication, physical resilience, and family economic well-being, to describe the role of the family in maintaining family health during the pandemic, and describe the role of the family in maintaining family economic well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive and correlational approach. The population in Rancatungku Village, Bandung Regency, West Java Province, is an area affected by COVID-19, with a total sample of 420 respondents. The results obtained that Family Communication affects Family Physical Resilience, with an effect of 40% due to positive communication and direct interaction with family members as a protective factor for facilities and the needs of family members. The existence of an atmosphere of mutual protection means that the family must be a safe, comfortable, and reassuring place for all its members. Family communication does not affect Family Economic Resilience, with a contribution of only 10%; this is related to the strategy and quick decision-making by the family to think about recovery from the situation. Family Communication affects the Pandemic Impact on Families by 80%. Communication is critical as a protective function of changes that arise from the pandemic and is seen as a family management system. In addition, the pandemic was declared to impact work activities and social activities but had no impact on activities at home or emotional and physical activities.


The increasing frequency of flooding incidents in Isheri North of Ogun State is a growing concern. The overflow of the Ogun River as a result of increased volume of rainfall persistently led to flooding in communities resulting in loss of lives and properties. The study assessed the environmental and socio-economic impacts of flooding in the area. Monthly rainfall data records for 30 years (1990-2019) were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET), lkeja and analyzed using basic descriptive statistical technique. Landsat images for 2000, 2015 and 2020 with 30m resolution were obtained and analyzed to determine the implications of the flooding on the inhabitants of the areas. Land uses were identified and classified from the satellite imageries help in evaluating the impacts of the floods. The data were subjected to digital image processing and supervised classification was carried out on the images of the various dates. Results obtained shows flooding has strong connection with rapid population growth and infrastructure expansion along the floodplain, inadequate setback from the river valley and unregulated urban land use. On the basis of the results, the paper suggest approaches to the challenge including: land-use planning and flood control policies including a firm control on infrastructure development.


A solitary osteochondroma needs to be considered when making a differential diagnosis of an expansile posterior spinal lesion along with an aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoblastoma and giant cell tumor. An osteochondroma can be found in the cervical spine even though it is considered to be very rare. We report a case of an osteochondroma that was in the posterior element of the cervical spine. Although unusual, an osteochondroma should be considered when making a differential diagnosis of benign appearing tumors in the cervical spine.


Ink jet print head module, among other things, has a jet that is to ink droplets are jetting therefrom in a series of jet injection cycle. On inkjet printhead modules, to form a jetting waveform corresponding the trimming information or other information that specifies the characteristics of the jet injection waveforms applied to the respective jet in (a) Each jet injection cycle, and (b ) is applied to each of the ink jet in each jetting cycle formed a jetting waveform, there is a circuit for.


Entrepreneurship has become vital for national growth. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors that enhance entrepreneurial transformation. The literature identifies two main driving forces behind entrepreneurship: necessity and opportunity, which react differently to the socio-economic factors. This study explores the socio-economic determinants of necessity-based entrepreneurship and opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Here the yearly data of 108 countries from 2009 to 2017 is used to formulate a panel data model. Data on entrepreneurship is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). HDI is used as a surrogate measure of socio-economic factors along with several control variables like cost of doing business, economic factors, governance factors and perception factors. Panel Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation technique accounts for spatial heterogeneity. The panel data estimation shows that human capital improvement enhances the opportunities for entrepreneurial transformation while decreasing necessity-based entrepreneurship due to higher job creation. The findings also suggest that improvement in governance, perceived opportunities, openness, and culture are vital for enhancing opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.


Aims: This study attempts to explore how high treatment costs can result in people foregoing necessary treatment. Methods: Health care professionals (HCPs) were invited to complete a questionnaire survey, in which they were requested to imagine that they had locally recurrent head and neck cancers. They were then asked to choose a treatment in each of the 3 scenarios, which differed only in the cost of treatment. Results: Majority would choose the cheapest treatment option if treatment costs mirrored that in real life. But majority would opt for the treatment that gave the greatest median survival, if cost was not an issue. Conclusion: High cost of treatment can be a strong deterrent to patients who need and can benefit from those treatments.


The extremism in FATA has been shaped by historical events of the recent and distant past. In the aftermath of 9/11, it facilitated in the formation of transnational terrorist syndicate, which has severe internal and external repercussions for Pakistan's national interest. The law enforcement agencies have been failing to combat the menace of terrorism effectively due to local and foreign Taliban; Al Qaeda, the Islamic Jihad Union, etc, radicalized recruits popular, political and physical sanctuaries in FATA. This necessitates that Islamabad ought to revise its counterterrorism strategy according to the demands of the asymmetrical warfare


ltering the ow eld. Two linear ltering strategies are investigated: one is based on a dierential operator, the other employs convolution operations. Convolution lters are found to be superior at separating radiating and non-radiating components. Their ability to decompose the ow into non-radiating and radiating components is demonstrated on two dierent ows: one satisfying the linearized Euler and the other the Navier-Stokes equations. In the latter case, the corresponding sound sources are computed. These sources provide good insight into the sound generation process. For source localization, they are found to be superior to the commonly used sound sources computed using the steady part of the ow.


Alun-alun (Javanese) or lawn square is one of public open spaces that serves as a forum for social activities. Apart from its social functions, Alun-alun also has other functions, an ecological and economical. The ecological function aims to maintain the quality of the environment. Meanwhile the economical functions aims to improve the economical aspect. Considering the important existence of Alun-alun in an urban area, a public open space must be designed by considering the elements of urban space in order to function properly. The existence of a Alun-alun in Yogyakarta becomes the center of social activities for its society However, in reality, the social activities taking place in Alun-alun are still relatively low. This study aims to examine the elements forming urban space in Alun-alun Yogyakarta using descriptive qualitative methods. The results describe that the social activities occuring in Alun-alun Yogyakarta due to the elements which form the urban space in it.


Investigation of the ratio of bismuth molybdate to cobalt iron molybdate on the catalytic properties of the mixture. Characterization of the catalysts by XPS and EDX-STEM before and after the catalytic reaction in order to detect a possible transformation of the solid. The catalyst particles present a characteristic aptitude to change of morphology under the conditions of the catalytic reaction ; this characteristic has its importance in the explanation of synergy effect in molybdates based catalysts


Patients diagnosed with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) usually survive less than a year, even with the latest treatment protocols, thus there is an urgent requirement for identifying molecular markers that could be utilized for targeted therapy. The lysosomal proteases are believed to contribute to the invasive process of tumors by breakdown of extracellular matrix. Cathepsin H is a lysosomal protease whose expression has not been fully characterized in GBM. We examined the pattern of CH protein expression immunohistochemically in 24 GBM, 18 other brain tumors and 3 non-tumor cases. CH was expressed in all cases of GBM, although there was considerable heterogeneity within each tumor. Several patterns of CH expression were observed including granular and diffuse cytoplasmic staining. The diversity in CH expression patterns in GBM indicates a complex role for CH in the biology of these tumors, and warrants further investigation for developing a novel molecular target for therapy.


A new Einstein-Hilbert type (SGM) action is obtained by performing the Einstein gravity analogue geometrical arguments in high symmetric (SGM) spacetime. All elementary particles except graviton are regarded as the eigenstates of SO(10) super-Poincare algebra (SPA) and composed of the fundamental fermion "superons" of nonlinear supersymmetry (NL SUSY). Some phenomenological implications and the linearlization of the action are discussed briefly.


The utility model relates to a fast loading and unloading fixture for a large boring machine cutter, which comprises a cutter handle and a cutter handle clamping mechanism, and is characterized in that: the cutter handle is a tapered handle with the rear end provided with a cone handle, the middle provided with a flange and the front end provided with a cutter connecting structure; the cutter handle clamping mechanism consists of a tapered reducing sleeve with a central taper hole, a pressing sleeve with the front end provided with an internal flange and the rear end provided with internal threads, and a plurality of cutter handle locking bolts; the cone handle at the rear end of the cutter handle is inserted and arranged in the central taper hole of the tapered reducing sleeve, the middle flange props against the front end of the pressing sleeve; the cutter handle locking bolts are all distributed on the flange of the cutter handle, penetrate through the flange of the cutter handle and the internal flange at the front end of the pressing sleeve, and tightly prop against the end face of the front end of a main shaft; and positioning keys are arranged between the front end face of the main shaft and the flange of the cutter handle as well as the internal flange of the pressing sleeve. The fast loading and unloading fixture for the large boring machine cutter has the following advantages: the structure is simple; in addition, the loading and unloading of the cutter can be easily accomplished by only screwing on or screwing off the cutter handle locking bolts when loading or unloading the cutter handle, thus being convenient and simple, and saving labor and time.


The "failing to mature" arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a surgically created AVF that fails to properly dilate to become usable for hemodialysis within 8–12 weeks after its creation. Difficult cannulation and inadequate AVF flow are the clinical manifestations of the "failing to mature" fistula. Early thrombosis of a newly created fistula is a possible cause of a "failing to mature" AVF. Early AVF thrombosis has similar underlying derangements as the immature fistula and both can be salvaged using endovascular techniques, including embolization of collateral veins via coils or endovascular plugs. Complications of collateral vein embolization include local hematoma formation, inadvertent coiling of the outflow vein, pain, erythema at the site of collateral vein embolization, migration of the coils, and, rarely, skin erosion at the site of the embolized superficial collateral vein. Patients need to be followed up with a fistulagram within 1 month of embolization.


A threecomponents ocean color model was used for simulation of water reflectance by inputting water components data measured in the Zhujiang River estuary of southern China. Based on the simulated reflectance data and measured yellow substance data, an optimum band combination was found and alocal algorithm for estimation of yellow substance concentration was developed. Then the algorithm was applied to SeaWiFS data for retrieval of yellow substance. The application results showedthat the estimated yellow substance is in closeagreement with the insitudata in terms of concentration and distribution pattern.


Abstract: Accounting information needed by management to plan the company's activities in the future, especially at the stage of analyzing the consequences of each alternative measures used in decision-making, allowing choosing the best among alternative actions considered. The reality today is not a bit of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) who do not understand, prepare or use of accounting information. Many factors affect the use of accounting information on SMEs one of which is the knowledge of accounting owner / manager and the age of the business. There are also environmental factors are not sure that can strengthen or weaken the influence of these factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of accounting knowledge and business life of the use of accounting information moderated by factors of environmental uncertainty. Population and sample in this penelirtian is SMEs who register their business at the Department of Trade and Industry Jember 2015. The sampling technique is simple random sampling method as many as 73 pieces. Data collection method is by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The results show that knowledge of business accounting and age affect the use of accounting information, while environmental uncertainties not found moderating effect of accounting knowledge and business life of the use of accounting information. Keywords: Accounting Information, Environmental Uncertainty, SMEs,


The following paper presents the concept of a layer jamming based soft glove for hand tremor suppression, its implementation, validation of the soft glove for hand tremor suppression and evaluation of the effect of layer jamming actuator placement. Wearable tremor suppression devices can avoid the side effects which occur due to available medical treatments, but contemporary methods are bulky and negatively affects the voluntary motions of the hand. Hence, a soft tremor suppression device can be developed to overcome the issues faced in contemporary wearable devices. A hand tremor suppression device using layer jamming was proposed in the study. In this study, experimentation for the material selection for layer jamming elements, evaluation of the layer jamming element placement and validation of the soft glove were conducted to characterize and evaluate the performance of the soft glove. Layer jamming material selection was done by measuring the deflection against an applied load. The performance of the soft glove was evaluated by measuring the suppression of a simulated tremor for the dorsal and palmar configurations. Performance evaluation shows a maximum tremor reduction of 78.32% in the palmar side element configuration in comparison to 38.23% in the dorsal side. Performance evaluation shows promising results in the suppression of hand tremors using the proposed soft glove and the results suggest that the palmar side element configuration can achieve higher tremor reduction comparatively.


Droop-controlled parallel inverters are widely adopted in micro-grids due to its high reliability and low cost. However, the interaction among the inverters will cause whole system to be unstable even though each individual inverter can operate stably in stand-alone mode. A lot of work has been done for analyzing the stability of parallel inverters with droop control through state-space approach originally used in conventional electrical power system. For this existing approach it is necessary to have the knowledge of inside parameters of each individual inverter in advance, while in practical applications it is not so convenient to obtain the internal structure and parameters. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a stability analysis approach for the droop-controlled parallel inverters based on the terminal-characteristics of individual inverters. At beginning, the terminal-characteristics of individual inverter with droop control are defined in system synchronous reference frame (SRF), which can be represented by the transfer function between output current and output voltage, and the transfer function between output current and fundamental angular frequency. Then the terminal-characteristics of the whole parallel system are derived out with the ones of each individual inverter. Furthermore, a stability criterion is proposed for the parallel inverters based on the terminal-characteristics of each individual inverter according to the Generalized Nyquist Criterion. Finally, the proposed terminal-characteristics and stable criterion for droop-controlled parallel inverters are verified in frequency domain.


The paper has attempted to present the concept of slow learner as well as its important characteristics. It has also discussed the educational problems of slow learners, various suggestions for undertaking interventions at different levels as well as emerging scope for the teachers.


This paper provides some innovative teaching methods to those who are in the field of teaching and facilitating diversity courses and workshops. The paper also investigates the shortcoming of some educational institutions in the delivery and facilitation of sensitive topics and provides some insights as to why some methods may work better than other teaching/facilitation methods. Though this paper will focus more with those who instruct diversity courses in the educational academic setting, many of the same principles could also be applied to those who facilitate diversity training workshops for corporations and non-profit groups as well.


A system for detecting a gastric ulcer on a gastric endoscope image was studied. In this system, after detection of gastric ulcers, an outline of a gastric ulcer in a gastric endoscope image is drawn on the display. The aims of the study are as follows: to digitalize the image produced by the gastric endoscope; to eliminate noise and improve the quality of the image; to detect the edge of the ulcer; to obtain fundamental information on the condition of the ulcer; and to improve the color appearing in the color photograph.<<ETX>>


The question of whether women should be allowed to participate in combat operations has become more salient as nations are waging long-term wars on multiple fronts. Arguments, both for and against women in combat, are based on psychological, biological, and moral grounds. Historically, women have been combatants in many wars, rebellions, and revolutions, but frequently become marginalized once fighting has ceased. Current research into the masculinization of female soldiers demonstrates that the female embodiment of militarized masculinization can have negative effects on the way women are perceived in the military. Major changes in the way war is waged have provided opportunities for women to engage in close-quarter combat in which they have not only repeatedly excelled as soldiers, but also gained accolades for bravery. This entry examines the history of, current debates, and possible future directions for women in combat.

Keywords:

armed conflict/armed struggles;
body politics;
gender politics;
legal and political debates;
military


In the research,a sulfated derivative of β-(1→3)-D-glucan,named PSC was prepared and studied on the physicochemical properties and pharmacological activities.β-(1→3)-D-glucan was used as a starting material.It was degraded by sulfuric acid and modified using chlorosulfonic-pyridine method to obtain PSC.The structure of PSC was identificated by molecular weight determination,elemental analysis,PMP precolumn derivation,IR and NMR.The basic pharmacological activities of PSC were determined by anti-coagulation test and lymphocyte transformation test.The results showed that PSC is a linear β-(1→3)-D-glucan of approximately 8 000 u with the sulfate Ds=2.6.In vitro,PSC showed the ability to facilitate mouse splenocyte proliferation.PSC also showed to be a potent promoter of splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS mitogens.In the anti-coagulation test,PSC significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and thrombin time(TT).PSC would have anti-coagulant activity and immunological function.


The Life of St. Severinus, the last animating impulse of Noricum Ripense in its vain struggle against the final overwhelming tide of barbarian invasion, is a document that has many claims upon our attention and interest. Primarily, of course, it is of extreme importance as a historical source, being an account by a contemporary eyewitness of the closing years of an otherwise little-known Roman province. Considered merely as a biography, the book has an unaffected and graphic manner that reveals at once the striking and masterful personality of the ascetic, ardent, retiring saint whose life was yet spent in turmoil, in excitement, and in battle, and the naive, worshipful spirit of the author who took this means of making known to future generations the life and deeds of the man he revered as his master and exemplar. But entirely apart from the content of the work, the Life of St. Severinus is of interest as a piece of Latin written in the early sixth century by one who was in large measure free from tricks of rhetorical embellishment and who strove to set forth in simple style a story grounded on a foundation of pure faith. Eugippius modestly disclaims literary ability; he speaks of himself as one unacquainted with the liberal arts, and chooses to regard his account merely as materials for a biography to be worked up by a more skilful hand than his own. Yet his Latin is singularly lucid and at times touched with beauty and elevation. Whatever his stylistic shortcomings or his errors of credulity, he is far from being illiterate, obscure, or unreliable. The purpose of this paper is restricted sharply to a brief consideration of the more striking features of his style as revealed in this little book, for his larger work on St. Augustine, consisting mainly of excerpts, does not afford material for an appreciation of Eugippius.


Motivated by the success of the Bianchi V IIh model in addressing many of the anomalies observed in the WMAP data (Jaffe et al.), we present calculations in real and in wavelet space of the Higher Criticism statistic of the Bianchi corrected Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) first year data. At the wavelet scale of 5 degrees the Higher Criticism of the WMAP map drops from a value above the 99% c.l. to a value below the 68% c.l. when corrected by the Bianchi template. An important property of the Higher Criticism statistic is its ability to locate the pixels that account for the deviation from Gaussianity. The analysis of the uncorrected WMAP data pointed to a cold spot in the southern hemisphere centered at l � 209 ◦ , b � 57 ◦ . The Higher Criticism of the Bianchi corrected map indicates that this spot remains prominent, albeit at a level completely consistent with Gaussian statistics. Consequently, it is debatable how much emphasis should be placed on this residual feature, but we consider the effect of modestly increasing the scaling of the template. A factor of only 1.2 renders the spot indistinguishable from the background level, with no noticeable impact on the results published in Jaffe et al. for the low-l anomalies, large-scale power asymmetry or wavelet kurtosis. A trivial interpretation would be that the Bianchi template may require a small enhancement of power on scales corresponding to the wavelet scale of 5 degrees.


Abstract Ursus arctos is a large carnivore and a common species for Western Siberia. The earliest traces of it date back to the Middle Pleistocene. During the Holocene, its population grew and its range significantly extended northwards. The modern West Siberian habitat lies between 55° and 67°N, and its dynamics are being affected by human activity and climate change. The beginning of the twenty-first century has been marked by the growth of the population of the brown bear and its occurrence in unusual habitats. Earlier studies of the population genetic structure prove the existence of a Pleistocene refugium on this territory. The body size of the West Siberian brown bear is the largest for U. arctos subscpecies within its range.


Song poetry belongs to Yan Song, bound folk music a new sound system Yan. Song people establish a standardized system based on the sound of humans, creating a true legal term so that Chinese literature comes into the classical music era. Song constantly adopts new sound with a rich musical word and appears a tendency to imitate Classical model works and creation, then evolved into tune rhyme lyrics according to the word. Thus, Song poetry develops into an independent nation in the literature form.


Sundry studies dedicated to understanding the various aspects of Alzheimer's disease exists in literature, but the unfortunate reality today, is that there still exists no cure or diagnostic tools for the disease. Early diagnosis (or at worst mild cognitive state) increases the chances of treatment. Aided with the outputs of mass spectrometry technology, this study is hinged on protein expressions in saliva (also applicable to other protein source samples) details out a novel classification model enshrined in eigenmatrix trans-formation/projection mechanism. The transformation correctly clusters elements of Mass Spectra data based on their disease label/stage. The tightness of obtained clusters is used to validate the classification of subsequent test data points, we also supported this phenomenon using the properties of Rayleighs number.


The scientific work of A. I. Arruda by N. C. A. da Costa and L. P. de Alcantara Section I - Foundations of set theory: Reflection properties induced by some large cardinal axioms by C. A. Di Prisco and W. Marek Taxonometric partitions by A. Ehrenfeucht, M. Foreman, and J. Malitz Diamonds, large cardinals, and ultrafilters by A. Kanamori Section II - Algebraic logic: Constantes d'une algebre monadique libre sur une algebre de Boole et automorphismes, preeservant une partie generatrice de celle-ci by M. Guillaume Ordered structures in the description of quantum systems: mathematical progress by L. Iturrioz Section III - Philosophical aspects of mathematical logic: Infinities in mathematics and the natural sciences by J. E. Fenstad The 50th anniversary of Gentzen's thesis by A. R. Raggio Section IV - Interactions between logic, mathematics, and computer science: Logics and pseudogroups by X. Caicedo and A. M. Sette Sets of relational systems as models for stochastic processes by R. Chuaqui A general framework for semantics for propositional logics by R. L. Epstein Formal languages and topological spaces by J. Flum Automatic theorem proving: an attempt to improve readability of proofs generated by resolution by E. H. Haeusler The downward Lowenheim-Skolem theorem for L-structure in $\Omega$-sets by F. Miraglia The derivative of truth in Lukasiewicz sentential calculus by D. Mundici Equivalence relations on lattices and the complexity of the theory of permutations which commute by J. Stern Problem solving by interpretation of theories by P. A. S. Veloso.