The recent attack against the hotel Serena in Kabul fi ts into an emerging pattern in which military escalation is increasingly met with more sophisticated terrorist attacks by the Taliban. Tension within NATO between member states is now palpable. Countries which have entered the country's trouble spots in the South – the USA, the UK, Canada and The Netherlands – want others to join them. Other countries such as Norway, Spain and Germany, amongst others, are sceptical. Many advocate an "Afghanization" of the military effort. NATO will discuss escalation plans in April at a meeting in Bucharest. In the meantime, it's important to take stock of the experience to date and to establish what the alternatives are at present. The strategy of additional military force and an increasingly offensive war have, up until now, led to an experience both as generally negative as it is relatively clear cut. The international military escalation has taken place gradually, albeit with a noticeable jump in 2004 when the United States government more than doubled its presence from around 8,000 soldiers to approximately 20,000. At present, NATO has more than 40,000 soldiers in Afghanistan, besides a further 8,000 troops under US command who are waging their own war against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. In total, the USA and NATO have more than tripled their forces since 2002 and numbers are now approximately half of those which the Soviet Union had in the country for most of the war in the 1980s. What outcome has this led to? The Taliban have gone from carrying out isolated attacks in 2003 to becoming an effi cient guerrilla organisation. Taliban resistance really got going in 2005, the year after the Americans doubled their military presence. From a military point of view, the Taliban are the weaker side in the confl ict, but they have learned quickly and increasingly use the tactics of "asymmetrical warfare", such as suicide bombing, roadside bombs, and hostage taking. Each time NATO has sent more troops, the Taliban have risen to the challenge and met it. The number of attacks on foreign forces, humanitarian aid workers, the Afghan police and other government agencies has steadily increased – most recently with a 20 percent jump between 2006 and 2007. Suicide bombings have gone up from three in 2004 to 17 in 2005, climbing to 123 in 2006, before reaching 137 last year. In 2002, there were none at all.


Availability of large fractional bandwidth has made mm-wave frequencies the frequency range of choice for several well-established applications. Design of high gain, wideband power amplifier has always been a challenge since efficiency as one key performance parameter trades with the gain-bandwidth product. The gain-bandwidth is mainly limited by the parasitics due to the large form factor of active stages needed to deliver the required power. In this paper wideband, inductively-coupled transformer-based inter-stage/output matching networks together with improved layout techniques for transformers are employed to implement a four stage power amplifier. The E-band PA is realized in standard 28nm CMOS technology and delivers 18.0dBm of saturated output power with a peak power added efficiency of 17.9% and a gain-bandwidth product of 567.7GHz. The output power of PA is adjustable via some digital controls and its performance is robust versus Process-Voltage-Temperature (PVT) variations which makes it suitable for automotive radar applications.


Received: 7 Jun. 2010 Accepted: 19 Jul. 2010 One of the bellows producing methods is hydro forming process. Some factors of hydro forming process such as internal pressure and velocity of die close, can affect final characteristic of produced bellows such as thickness distribution. One of the most important parametersof control in bellows is wall thickness distribution. In this paper, the thickness distribution of produced bellows and the effect of hydro forming process parameterswas investigateusing analytical and experimental methods together with finite element simulation using ABAQUS/Explicit FEM software.The results which are obtained from analytical, experimental and finite element methods showed good agreement with each other. Prediction of thickness distribution of bellows using applied FEM method in this research could be used as a basis of designing a new type of the metal bellows.


Music Education for the New Millennium is a 150-page collection of essays focused mainly upon philosophical introspection into the current condition of the profession. Within this volume there are eight philosophic essays and one quantitative research article, by Alastair McPhee, Peter Stollery, and Ros McMillan. Other essays, beyond the work of the editor, were contributed by Thomas Regelski, Wayne Bowman, Robert Davis, Lucy Green, David Elliott, Constantijn Koopman, and Janet Mansfield. This collection contributes to our contemporary quandaries about aesthetics and praxialism in addition to adding pertinent questions for both philosophy and music education. The overall purpose of this volume is to stimulate thinking in ways not accounted for in the classroom or studio environments and expand upon the broader discourses impacting the profession and society (3). Given that Lines organized this volume as a collection about a specified theme, I will approach this review threefold. First, I will examine overall features that were promising and those that were disappointing. Second, each chapter's contributions will be examined in light of the aim of the volume. Lastly, each essay will also be examined for its contributions apart from the volume, due to the fact that all of the works can stand alone. Within this framework, six themes continually emerged throughout the essays. These themes involved the use and abuse of musical meaning; the construction of musical meaning and understanding; language used within 14. See, for example, John Fiske, Reading Popular Culture (London: Routledge, 1991).


All high speed railway lines in Europe as well as most conventional lines, plus several outside Europe, will be operated through the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) by 2020. The European Train Control System (ETCS), the technical part of ERTMS, is based on open public specifications with interfaces between track and onboard sub-systems, and has been designed with two levels of application to make it universally applicable with all kinds of infrastructure. ETCS will become a reality on several parts of the European railway network during the next five years, with additional projects to be launched continually.


TCHE SPATIAL movements of the American Negro since Emancipation have offered a rich opportunity to study migration in many of its aspects, as testified by the extensive literature on the subject. It is impossible in this brief paper to treat all the significant features of Negro migration that have been dealt with. An attempt at this has been made elsewhere, in an unpublished manuscript prepared by the writer for the Carnegie Study, The Negro in America. Rather, it is the aim of this paper to abstract from research on the Negro migrant, a series of generalizations that appear to be useful in analyzing the behavior of individuals who migrate. Although these have been taken from research on the Negro, it is evident that they hold, more or less, for other divisions of the population. Research on migration poses two crucial problems: Do spatial movements of individuals follow a generalized pattern? If so, what are the common experiences of migrants that make for similar, rather than unique behavior? Ever since Ravenstein published his "Laws of Migration" in i885, investigators have attempted to discover the patterns of human migration. Interest has centered on several aspects: distance, direction, the fluctuations in gross rates of movement, the relation of individual moves to the subsequent distribution of population, and finally, the measurable characteristics of migrants. We have in mind such studies as these when we refer to the pattern of migration. In another type of investigation, interest has focused on the experiences of the migrant. It is apparent that the pattern of movement and the experiences of the individuals involved are both essential to an adequate understanding of the dynamics of human migration; but the two approaches are quite distinct. If a pattern exists, it can be delineated without any knowledge of the underlying experiences, and similarly, considerable knowledge concerning the experiences of individual migrants can be obtained, without delineating a pattern. Negro migration has been approached from both angles, although investigations dealing with the pattern have tended to be more satisfactory than those directed at the experiences of the individual. This has resulted from the relatively greater illusiveness of data concerning underlying experiences


The constructive philosophy that I am building here will work with an "abundance" rather than a "scarcity" model for assessing the efficacy of non-Buddhist beliefs and practices in attaining salvation. In a "scarcity" model, one believes that access to salvifically efficacious beliefs and practices is limited--usually co-extensive with the boundaries of one's own tradition. As a result of this scarcity, the claims to salvific efficacy of other traditions should be met with aprimafacie skepticism, in order to minimize the possibility of being led astray. In an "abundance" model, one believes that access to salvifically efficacious beliefs and practices is widespread, so prima facie confidence in the reliability of diverse paths is justified, and one may engage other paths with little fear of delusion. "Scarcity" and "abundance" do not necessarily correspond to more familiar categories such as "inclusivism," "pluralism," and "essentialism." Inclusivism in large part is simply the acknowledgment that the truth of one's own religious tradition may be present in another, and thus it is often little more open than explicitly exclusivist positions. In order to consider the validity of this "abundance" model, we need to examine how salvation is broadly understood in the Mahayanist traditions. From a Mahayana Buddhist point of view, the closest equivalent to the term "salvation" is samyaksambodhi, or perfect liberation, the attainment of buddhahood for the sake of all sentient beings. This is achieved by taking refuge and bodhisattva vows in the presence of another Buddha, practicing the bodhisattva perfections for incalculable cons in order to purify mental afflictions and attain nondual awareness, and, finally, becoming a Buddha and teaching the path to buddhahood oneself. On the face of it, this would appear to bind ideas about salvific efficacy to communally specific objects of refuge and traditions of practice. At the same time, Buddhas are described as having all-pervading salvific power, with purifying effects extending well beyond the Buddhist community into every realm of cyclic existence (or samsara), the phenomenal world driven by virtuous and nonvirtuous behaviors. One speaks of Avalokitesvara as taking any form necessary to lead a person to salvation and of Ksitigarbha as preaching the Buddha's path to beings in the hells. There is tension between the idea of the Buddhist tradition as locally efficacious and the idea of the Buddha's salvific efficacy as all-pervasive. Perhaps the natural tendency for a religious thinker who believes salvific efficacy to be all-pervasive is to resolve this tension by concluding that all sentient beings will attain salvation. In On Being Buddha, Paul J. Griffiths showed that this logic has been taken to its extreme in the doctrinal digests--not only will everyone be saved, but, from beginningless time, every sentient being has been saved by the Buddha. (1) This approach could be described as the "abundance" model of religious efficacy in its extreme form: Absolutely everything is a manifestation of the saving activity of the Buddhas, and absolutely everyone is saved. However, John Makransky's reading of the Abhisamayalamkara (2) offers an explanation for how some sentient beings might lack access to the Buddha and his teachings despite the Buddha's all-pervasive salvific activities: Although a Buddha's gnosis is universally pervasive (AA 8.8) and able to manifest to teach a being anywhere at any time, each individual can perceive a Buddha or his teaching only in accord with his or her own karma. In other words, the Buddhas per se are always universally accessible. But whether a particular person has contact with a Buddha's manifestation is entirely dependent on the purity of that individual's own mind. (3) In this view, a Buddha's salvific efficacy is manifest in continuously supplying all teachings necessary for buddhahood, not in those teachings necessarily resulting in the attainment of buddhahood. …


Interactions in semiconductor nanocrystal assemblies have been studied on films of the cluster crystal compounds Cd17S4(SCH2CH2OH)26 and Cd32S14(SCH2CH(CH3)OH)36 prepared by spin coating. Misinterpretations of observed alterations of transition energies in theses structures are avoided by the choice of an integrating sphere as the experimental setup. The resulting "real" redshift of the transition energy is explained by dipole−dipole interactions of the semiconductor nanocrystals in the films. When covalently linked, the clusters may also interact electronically.


The authors have made a very significant contribution in identifying the incidence and natural history of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) via the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) follow‐up study.[1] Given the approval of Luxturna for patients with biallelic mutations in RPE65 by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the extensive research toward therapy for RP, this is a very timely article. The efforts in conducting a population‐based study such as APEDS is phenomenal, and the authors have managed to trace over 70% of the rural participants after 15 years, identifying an overall incidence of 370/million in 15 years (24.7/million per year). While earlier studies have shown a prevalence of 1 in 1000 or more,[2] this is the first incidence study of RP in India.[1] Progressive vision loss in RP is caused by either progressive loss of photoreceptors or treatable causes like cataract, cystoid macular edema (CME), or epiretinal membranes. Cataracts are an important cause for visual loss in patients with RP.[3] The complicated cataract presents either as a posterior subcapsular cataract, very likely due to RP‐related inflammation or oxidative stress,[4] or as nuclear sclerosis, likely due to chronic exposure to sunlight during outdoor activities in a tropical climate.[3] Patients present anywhere in the third to fifth decade. Phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implantation is the commonest surgical procedure performed. While zonular weakness and postoperative CME are noted to be higher following surgery in some studies, most patients show fairly good postoperative visual recovery.[3,4]


Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme, tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1
(TDP1), may increase the efficacy of cancer drugs that cause damage to tumor cell DNA. Among
the known TDP1 inhibitors, there are compounds containing moieties of natural substances, e.g.,
monoterpenoids. In this work, we synthesized several compounds containing aromatic/
heteroaromatic amines and monoterpenoid groups and assessed their TDP1 inhibition potential.

Structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR as well
as HRMS. The TDP1 inhibitory activity of the amines was determined by real-time fluorescence
oligonucleotide biosensor.

The synthesized secondary amines had TDP1 inhibitory activity IC50 in the range of
0.79-9.2 µM. The highest activity was found for (–)-myrtenal derivatives containing p-bromoaniline
or m-(trifluoromethyl)aniline residue.

We synthesized 22 secondary amines; of these, 17 amines are novel chemical structures.
Many of the amines inhibit TDP1 activity in the low micromolar range. Therefore, these
compounds are promising for further study of their antiproliferative activity in conjunction with
DNA damaging drugs.


It has been done a descriptive quantitative research about The identification of mechanical Misconception Concept by Using CRI (Certainty of Response Index). This research was applied to the first semester students of Physical Science Department of STAIN Batusangkar who were registered in 2011/2012 academic year that consisted of 55 students. In collecting the data, the instrument of this research was test in multiple choice form. It consisted 30 items. In asnwering the question, the students were asked to write CRI mark (0-5) as level of their believe to their answer. A misconception student can be known by comparing his or her answer based on CRI s/he fills. Research result showed that 80 % students did misconception of the time concept of free falling bodies , 45 % students did not know the concept of action (aksi) and reaction (reaksi), and 7.27 % students knew the concept of Newton Formula 1. It can be concluded that the level of misconception of the first semester students of Physical Science Department of STAIN Batusangkar who were registered in 2011/2012 academic year was very high. Kata kunci: miskonsepsi fisika, instrumen, mekanika, CRI (Certainty of Response Index)


Aiming at hand feature detection and recognition problem in the natural interaction, especially for the problem that finger was ignored or undetected in the current method, we propose, an improved Adaptive Mean-SHIFT(CamShift) algorithm which combined skin color detection to track and detect hand information accurately. In terms of in the natural interaction, the hand's position and posture could be acquired effectively when it's moving and flipping. We proposed a hand feature point extracting method that based on improving corner feature curvature detection method, then divided these feature points into different group effectively, using weighted algorithm to describe these feature point. This method improve the accuracy of detection and ensure the completion of 3D registration. Experimental result shows than this algorithm detect more accurate than traditional mean-shift algorithm, has stronger robustness for the target occlusion and posture change video sequence. Keywords-hand feature; tracking and detectio; 3D registration; adaptive; mean-shift(CamShift); natural interaction


The problem of fast, reliable, and accurate calculation of tsunami wave propagation is addressed. Based on the shallow water approximation, two numerical approaches to calculate tsunami wave propagation are compared at the same computational mesh. To evaluate precision of numerical solutions the available exact solutions (for the cases of sloping and parabolic bottom) are used. Results of several numerical tests are presented. Time required to obtain tsunami wave height maxima distribution is briefly discussed, too.


The comfort properties of yarns and single jersey knitted fabrics composed of pure superfine wools and wool/cashmere blends were investigated. A notched template enabled the rapid testing of yarns to predict the 'comfort properties' of fabric made from these yarns using the Wool ComfortMeter (WCM). Reducing yarn winding frequency on the template from 50 to 12 reduced the ability of the WCM to detect interactions between fibre types and to predict fabric WCM values. The results indicate both the cashmere blend ratio and fibre curvature/crimp of wool affected measured comfort properties of yarns. The fibre attributes which significantly affected the WCM of the yarns were mean fibre diameter and the number of medullated fibres even though these parameters were closely controlled. No measurement of yarn hairiness was significant. It is concluded that predicting the 'comfort properties' of fabric by assessing yarns offers designers a way of manipulating the comfort properties of wool knitwear.


Objective To explore the clinical effects of different approaches of micrographic surgeries in the treatment of intracranial tumors.Methods 70 patients with intracranial tumors undergone micrographic surgeries in our hospital from January 2009 to March 2011 were selected as research objects.The corresponding approaches of micrographic surgeries were applied according to the specific locations of intracranial tumors and the clinical effects after surgery were analyzed.The patients′ postoperative prognoses were observed after 4,6,10,12 months follow-up visits. Results Quality of life of each month after surgery compared to before surgery showed significant improvement,the difference was significant(P 0.05).After surgery,all patients′ clinical symptoms disappeared,the prognosis was good condition,compared to the pre-operative,the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion Different approaches of micrographic surgeries in the treatment of intracranial tumors based on their specific sites of tumor lesions can greatly improve the clinical effects,disease prognosis,and quality of life.


A theoretical study on the rise of photo‐oscillations in the magnetoresistance of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)‐encapsulated graphene is presented. The previous radiation‐driven electron orbit model devised to study the same oscillations, well‐known as MIRO, in 2D semiconductor systems (GaAs/AlGaAS heterostructure) is used. It is obtained that these graphene platforms under radiation and a static magnetic field are sensitive to terahertz and far‐infrared radiation. The power, temperature, and frequency dependences of the photo‐oscillations are studied. For power dependence, it is predicted that for cleaner graphene and high enough power it is possible to observe zero‐resistance states and a resonance peak.


In the context of heterogeneous networks, users with multi-mode terminals can connect to di erent radio access technologies such as IEEE802.11, 3G (HSPA and HSPA+) and Long -term Evolution (LTE) at the same time. The challenge is to achieve the Always Best Connected (ABC) concept; the main issue is the automatic choice of the suitable Radio Access Technology (RAT) from the list of the available RATs. This decision is called the network selection (NS). In this paper, we propose a modi ed Simple Additive Weigh (modi ed-SAW) function to deal with the drawbacks of the existing solutions. Indeed, the existing Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods su er mainly from the famous problem of rank reversal once an alternative is added or removed, other problems occur in the legacy MADMs such as the sensitiveness to the user preference in Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS); the penalization of the alternatives with poor attributes values in Weighted Product Model (WPM). Our simulations brought out the lakes of the traditional MADMs approach in the context of network selection. We modify the SAW method intelligently and we use it to solve the NS problem. Finally, we compare the performance of our solution with the previous works in di erent scenarios; the simulations show that our proposal outperforms the other existing methods.


Effective December 1987 and January 1988, the maximum speed limit on rural limited-access highways in Michigan was raised from 55 mph to 65 mph. The study examined the effects of the raised limit on traffic crashes, injuries, and deaths. A multiple time-series was used, comparing roads where the speed limit was raised with roads where the limit remained unchanged. Data were collected on the numbers and rates of crashes, injuries and deaths from January 1978 through December 1988. Time series intervention analyses were conducted to estimate effects associated with the speed limit change while controlling for long-term trends, cycles, and other patterns. Statistical controls were also included for major factors known to influence crash and injury rates in the state. Results revealed significant increases in casualties on roads where the speed limit was raised. In addition, property-damage-only crashes increased 38.4% on 55 mph limited-access freeways, suggesting that the 65 mph limit may have spillover effects on segments of freeways where the limit was not changed. The increased convenience of reduced travel time with the higher speed limit is obtained at a significant cost in terms of crash injuries and death.


An identification of the modal deflections, bending moments and strains for a three layer sandwich cantilever beam is presented in this paper. The analysis covers the first three vibrational modes for elastic cores with relatively thin face layers considering different shear and geometrical parameters. Both antinodal transverse and longitudinal strains and their locations are fully investigated. Nodal and peak points are specified for the three vibrational modes. These information provide proper design selection of different dimensions and operational dynamic properties. Assistant Professor, Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MATARIA, Heiwan University, Cairo, Egypt. FIRST A.S.A.T. CONFERENCE 14-16 May 1985 e CAIRO VB-2 526 INTRODUCTION For vibration control in machines and structures the resonance has to be avoided if not the amplitude of vibration at resonance has to be minimized. In many modern machinery and industrial applications, vibration excitation is encountered over a wide range of frequencies. Damped sandwich beams have recently acquired considerable importance for vibration response reduction in aircraft, spacecraft structures and related aerospace technology. When the structural masses are important, the undamped sandwich beam is frequently used. For example, sandwich structures are found in aeroplane wings and in the parts of structures which protect the casing of the equipment. In addition, for acoustical environment in aerospace structures, the honeycombed cores are considered the most light to damp the acoustical pressures. The sandwich beam consists of two elastic external faces which are usually made of alluminium, stainaless steel, separated by a homogeneous or honeycombed core made of alluminium or fiberglass. In this configuration the normal forces due to bending are absorbed by the external layers and the shear load by the core. The three layers of the beam are bonded together by an adhesive material such as araldite. The probelem of fundamental mode analysis for bending vibrations of undamped sandwich cantilever beam is presented by Mead[I]. In this paper, the modal analysis of flexurally vibrating sandwich cantilever beam is presented. The first three modes of vibrations for, deflections, bending and longitudinal displacements are investigated. In addition, nodal and antinodal points, and the strains due to bending and the associated longitudinal deformations are studied. METHOD OF SOLUTION Important assumptions are usually considered by many investigators to simplify the theoritical analysis for the multilayered beam[2-3]. These include, the strain energy due to bending and longitudinal deformation of the elastic faces and that due to shear deformation of the core. The equation of motion of the sandwich beam element shown in Fig. 1 with undamped core material is reported by [2-5] and may be written as 66v b4v m 6 2v X(I+Y) X ) 0 (1) bx6 bx4 B 2x 2t at2 where v(X,t) = V(x) exp. j12-t for harmonic vibrations (2) X = Shear parameter = G2L2K/2H2K 1 Y = Geometrical parameter = C2K i /BK m = Total mass of beam per unit length B = Bending stiffness = E111 + E3I3 I VB-2 1 527 I FIRST A.S.A.T. CONFERENCE 14-16 May 1985 , CAIRO Introducing the dimension-less modal frequency parameter ans we get and substituting eq. (2) and eq. (3) into eq. (1) yields V VI-X(I+Y) V -a2ns(V II-XV) = 0 The solution of the form 6 V(x) = i=1 A. exp. jr.x (5) can be assumed. Substitution of eq. (5) into eq. (4) yield the following six order characteristic equation Z3n-X(1+Y)Z2n ans (X+Zn) = 0 (6) where Zn = r2. For a specific design problem the boundary conditions are known and eq. (5) can be written in matrix form as [at .] r A.1 = 101 (7) where a.. are the elements of the matrix which depend on the specific boundary conditionis [1]. For a nontrivial solution, the determinant of the square matrix in eq. (7) must vanish. A root search routine is employed to find the desired values of ans to satisfy the above equations. The corresponding mode shape is found by setting the coefficient A 1 =1, and then computing the coefficient A2 to A6 by using the Gausian elimination technique[6]. Finally, the use of the values of A. g ives the mode shapes and the subsequent significant analyses. The modal bending and longitudinal displacement can be written as follows: M = B V II (8) U [VV XY V III-(a.2 + X2Y) V I] (9) X2 CK I L ns Both the modal strain due to bending and the longitudinal displacement can be expressed as: b ' EI dx MC du (10) COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The computational results of the positive roots of the chracteristics equation are reported in Fig. 2. At small End large values of X, the positive roots are approaching the first eigenvalue of the homogeneous cantilever beam (1.875)[1]. For the second and third mode (%/12 and M3), some features of the positive roots are observed. These roots are: approaching the second and third eigenvalues ans = n/mL4/ B (3)


This paper presents emergy assessment of biodiesel production in Brazil using conventional, organic and agroecological grown soybean. For the conventional soybean biodiesel the indicators are: Transformity: 5.05E+05 seJ J; Renewability: 24.1%; Emergy yield ratio: 1.40; Environmental loading ratio: 3.15. These values indicate high demand of non renewable resources and low sustainability degree, it is because the crop production and its industrial conversion are supported by non-renewable resources s chemicals, goods, and process energy. It also reinforces global warming due to direct and indirect fossil fuel use, soil oxidation, waste treatment, substitution of forest area by agriculture, etc. Negative externalities account for 12.7% of the biodiesel produced from conventional soybean transformity. The biodiesel from organic soybean (small scale, family managed) present better indicators: Transformity: 4.25E+05 seJ J; Renewability: 36.4%; Emergy yield ratio: 1.63; Environmental loading ratio: 1.74. Negative externalities accounted for only 2.2% of the transformity value in this case. The biodiesel from agroecological soybean production (small scale, family managed, ecological principles) present the better indicators: Transformity: 3.09E+05 seJ J; Renewability: 49.5%; Emergy yield ratio: 1.92; Environmental loading ratio: 1.02. These results showed that biodiesel produced from organic and agroecological soybean are better alternatives for energy supply. However, the biofuel production policy implemented in Brazil supports the conventional energy intensive system and, as result, the large scale monoculture farms are stimulated to reproduce and substitute traditional food production farming. Therefore, it is possible to observe that Brazilian biodiesel production policy moved to the opposite direction of their original objectives: clustering biodiesel production with more sustainable systems of vegetable oil production (lower scale, ecological mode of production and more working places).


T HE SUBJECT ASSIGNED for our discussion today is a limited one: "aca-demic libraries" and their "leadership." We are not concerned with public libraries and their need of public relations experts or politically oriented business managers. Nor are we talking about the catalogers and reference librarians without whom the academic library would be a wilderness of chaotic confusion. (Of course, I would continue to hope that the scholarly people in these fields will continue to advance to positions of leadership.) We are not even talking about the desirable personality traits of a good librarian, though their importance is such that they mean the difference between the success or failure of an otherwise competent man or woman. With professional wisdom, our program committee has commissioned us to discuss the type of background in education and experience most likely to provide our college and university libraries with the kind of librarians best fitted to cope with their growing complexities. The real difficulty we face in this question is that we all have extremely high ideals as to what the "academic li-brarian" should be. We expect him or her to have a combination of all the virtues. Indeed, what would the ideal leader in this field look like were he to be created in the flesh? In this day of automation, we have machines which, given the necessary directions, can turn out the most intricate patterns. Suppose that we put on tape symbols for all the tasks now performed by academic librarians , together with symbols for the education and experience ideally required for their best performance, and feed the tape into one of these machines. How would they appear—those librarian-robots— coming out at the other end like so many Frankensteins and Frankenstein-esses? In some ways, I am glad that I shall never know. Such competence, such personality, such knowledge! But would not these ideal librarians, given these superior skills and these superb qualities, be successful in almost every endeavor? Is leadership among librarians so different from leadership everywhere? Perhaps if we consider what it is that librarians are trying to do rather than what their personal qualities should be, we may avoid the claim that they must be models of perfection. First, let me ask, can we agree upon the ends of our careers as librarians? Perhaps not, but we must try to give some indication of our purposes. "Where ends are …


The most important differences between semisilica, super-duty, first-quality clay, and silica brick are shown by comparative tests. A new 24-hour deformation test is described which measures the rate of deformation of brick at various temperatures. First-quality clay brick are shown to have fairly rapid flow at temperatures as low as 2150°F, and super-duty brick at 2350°F; semisilica brick show a zero rate of deformation up to 2650°F. First-quality clay brick vitrify and spall at temperatures as low as 2300°F; under similar conditions, semisilica brick do not vitrify at much higher temperatures. Limitations in the use of semisilica brick are also discussed.


Studies in the past investigated the role played by minerals in the etiology and/or progression of periodontal disease for more than four decades. Various host defense factors are present in the saliva. It also influences calculus formation and thus periodontal disease. Recent studies have shown a significant relationship between dietary calcium, serum calcium, and periodontal disease. Smoking marks a major risk factor for both periodontal disease and several systemic diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to estimate salivary and serum calcium levels in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study comprised 30 subjects, equally divided into three groups of clinically healthy periodontium, nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis, and smokers with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measurements, saliva, and blood samples were obtained. Biochemical analysis for the estimation of calcium was performed. Blood samples were collected through venipuncture method. Results: Comparison of mean serum calcium between the three groups by analysis of variance showed highly statistically significant difference (F = 23.92, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Smokers with periodontitis exhibited reduced levels of calcium as compared with nonsmokers with periodontitis and the differences were statistically significant.


(57) Abstract: The present invention uses chemical library of ligands Target - method for screening ligand interactions, chemical libraries themselves ligands, preparation and action of chemical libraries the use of chemical libraries for substances development and the development of molecular sensors. The screening method steps: (a) measuring at least one fluorescent property of chemical libraries location addressable ligand immobilized on a solid phase, in which the respective ligand with one molecule fluorescence sensor having, comprising measuring fluorescence properties of the same chemical libraries and (b) adding a target, and (c) step (a). Chemical libraries location addressable ligand immobilized on a solid phase, each ligand is bound to a molecule fluorescence sensor, advantageously molecule fluorescence sensor between the ligand and the solid phase, and / or It is bonded to the terminal of the ligand to the solid phase.


Ferroelectric thin film is one of the research focus recently.Recent studies on ferroelectric thin films and the related processing methods are reviewed.The performance and the application of ferroelectric thin films are described in this paper.The advantages and disadvantages of different processing methods for ferroelectric thin films are discussed especial- ly.Some important aspects in ferroelectric thin film are outlined.


In crosses between wal types 3 and 21, hair direction, pod width, seed shape and seed colour were found to be monogenically controlled while pod position and pod-surface were controlled by duplicate factors. No recombinations were observed between pod width and seed shape and between pod position and pod surface and it has been suggested that this may be due to pleiotropic gene action or to very tight linkage. The factors for hair direction, pod width, pod position and seed colour were found to be independent from each other.


This work theoretically studies the influence of both the geometry and the discrete nature of dopants of the access regions in ultra-scaled nanowire transistors. By means of self-consistent quantum transport simulations, we show that discrete dopants induce quasi-localized states which govern carrier injection into the channel. Carrier injection can be enhanced by taking advantage of the dielectric confinement occurring in these access regions. We demonstrate that the optimization of access resistance can be obtained by a careful control of shape and dopant position. These results pave the way for contact resistance engineering in forthcoming device generations.


Protoplasts from four alkaliphilic strains of Bacillus spp. regenerated their cell walls and grew on a hypertonic medium. The regeneration was effective at neutral pH but not at alkaline pH. The protoplasts seemed not to be tolerant of the alkaline pH that is optimum for growth of the strains.


We employed a qualitative interview technique to develop an inductive model of punishment from a managerial perspective. Findings suggest that managers feel pressure from a variety of sources—organ...


We investigated somatic, obstetrical and gynecological anamnesis, current of pregnancy and labour, morphological features of a placenta at 50 women with hypoplasia of a placenta. It is established that women with hypoplasia of placenta were ill with chronic inflammatory diseases of a urogenital system (chronic pielonephritis, adneksitis) more often, pregnancy proceeds with the miscarriage and chronic insufficiency of a placenta. Morphological changes characterize infringements of development of a placenta, features of insufficiency of a placenta.


This article discusses about social responsibility from the point of view of higher education. The university in general is an institution with the highest honor in the academic environment. Then the university becomes the instrument of social climbing for most people in the society of developing countries. University social responsibility (USR) is a principle for social movements, which uses an ethical approach to develop and engage with local and global communities to maintain ecological, environmental, technical, social, and economic development. USR acts is a crucial player for social change because USR implies having an ethical quality policy, which regulates the performance of the university community. USR has an impact not only on universities but also on the global community and society. Keywords: University, Social Responsibility, Community Development


Aim To synthesize(R)-salmeterol by asymmetric Henry reaction.Methods Long chain aliphatic aldehyde was prepared from 4-phenyl-1-butanol and prochiral benzaldehyde was achieved through three steps with p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde as starting material.Asymmetric Henry reaction afforded the chiral nitroalcohol intermediate which was conveniently transformed into the corresponding aminoalcohol compound for further use in the synthesis of(R)-salmeterol.Results and conclusion The nitroalcohol intermediate was obtained by asymmetric Henry reaction for the first time with moderate enantioselectivity(60% ee);The synthetic route was simplified by avoiding preparation of tertiary amine and debenzylation in traditional methods.


An extended eight-component Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation is applied to study the Josephson effect between iron-based superconductors (SCs) with s±-wave pairing symmetry, separated by an ferromagnet (FM). The feature of damped oscillations of critical Josephson current as a function of FM thickness, the split of the peaks induced by the interband coupling is much different from that for the junction with the s±-wave SCs replaced by s++-wave ones. In particular, a 0−π transition as a function of interband coupling strength α is found to always exhibit with the corresponding dip shifting toward the larger α due to enhancing the spin polarization in the FM, while there exits no 0−π transition for the SC with s++-wave pairing symmetry. The two features can be used to identify the pairing symmetry in the iron pnictide SC different from the s++-wave one in MgB2. Experimentally, by adjusting the doping level in the s±-wave SCs, one can vary α.


Many people think that the word "Gushupi(谷树皮)"in Water Margin Biography and Jinpingmei-story for Telling is "a piece bark of mulberry ",and think it means Wu Dalang's rough skin. This paper puts forwards a new viewpoint that Gushupi doesn t mean 'rough , it means wrinkled and it is an oral word from the dialect of the west Shandong Province.


In micro domain, thermal actuators are favored because it provides higher force and deflection than others. This paper presents a new type of micro thermal actuator that provides rotary motion of the circular disc shaped cold arm, which can be used in various optical applications, such as, switching, attenuation, diffraction, etc. The device has been fabricated in MUMPS technology. In this new design, the hot arms are arranged with the cold disc in such a way that thermal expansion of the hot arms due to Joule heating, will make the cold disc to rotate and the rotation is unidirectional on loading. The dominant heat transfer modes in the operating temperature zone are through the anchor and the air between the structure and the substrate because of the very low gap provided by MUMPS. A mathematical model was used for predicting steady state temperature profile along the actuator length and rotational behavior of the cold disc under different applied voltages. A 3-D coupled field finite element analysis (FEM) for the device is also presented. A FEM analysis was done by defining an air volume around the structure and substrate below the structure. Results obtained from the mathematical model, was compared with that of the finite element analysis. The presented results confirm the applicability of this novel rotary type thermal actuator for many optical MEMS applications.


Sensor components were disposed at the typical section of test subgrade,and the bearing capacity mechanism of non-embedded pile-plank structure in deep collapsible loess foundations was studied by long-term observation.The pile-soil interaction was considered,the concept of comprehensive rotation stiffness was introduced based on the principle of equal stiffness,the vertical and horizontal plane models of the subgrade were installed,and the deformation and mechanical characteristic of the structure were analyzed.Measured result shows that the test value of structural main reinforcement stress agree well with the theoretical calculation value,the difference is about 10%-30%,and the maximum reinforcement stress of 60.60 MPa appears at the cross section of joist.Pile side earth bears about 95% of total load,and no negative friction is produced.The load transfer law of the structure is different from that of traditional subgrade,load can be transferred to deeper bearing layer by pile foundation,which improves the stress state of soft soil section.Half a year,after the laying completion of track construction,the largest accumulated settlement of top surface for bearing plank occurs at the cross section of mid-span,which is 1.0 mm,and meets the requirement of settlement control.


A stable Fe/Co/C/N nano-porous structure is synthesized using melamine network-polymers, transition metals (iron and cobalt) and carbon nanoparticles for its application as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The Fe/Co/C/N catalyst efficiently catalyzes 4-electron reduction of oxygen with an onset potential of 0.88 V and a half-wave potential of 0.78 V (vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode) in neutral media, while its activity does not suffer from crossover effects of organics. The high ORR activity is deduced to be attributed to a high surface area of hierarchical micro/nano-pore structures and dense active sites in the catalyst. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) equipped with this polymer catalyst on gas-diffusion cathodes exhibit high power outputs, which are more than double the outputs of MFCs with a commercial platinum-based cathode catalyst.


A receptor protein for mouse interferon yhas been purified from solubilized plasma membranes ofthe mouse monomyelocytic cell line WEHI-3. Sequential wheat germ agglutinin and ligand affinity chromatography of membranes extracted with ocyl fl-D-glucopyranoside resulted in at least a 680-fold purification of the receptor, as measured by precipi-tating it in association with liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine. The purified receptor bound 12I-labeled recombinant mouse interferon y (rMuIFN-y) with a Kd of 10 nM, a value comparable to that obtained with isolated membranes (3.5 nM). PAGE analysis of radiolabeled (with either 35S or "1I) receptor preparations consistently revealed a major band of 95 kDa. This species was degraded with time to smaller fragments, principally one of 60 ± 5 kDa. Treatment with peptide:N-glycosidase F reduced the apparent molecular masses of the proteins in the 95- and 60-kDa regions by 15-20 kDa each. GR-20, a monoclonal antibody against the receptor, completely inhibited specific binding of 12I-labeled rMuIFN-y to WEHI-3 cells, blocked the induction of priming by rMuIFN-y of mac-rophage-mediated tumor cell killing, removed binding activity for 1'I-labeled rMuIFN-y


India will experience massive urbanization in the coming decades, with the country's urban population expected to double by 2050. Climate change is a major threat to urban systems all over the world. Its consequences are expected to worsen over the next few decades. The consequences of climate changes are more in urban areas than rural due to rapid urbanization, health issue, decreasing water level and industrialization etc. Climate change consequences such as increased rainfall intensity, storm surges, temperature fluctuation and flooding are expected to have a global impact on urban health, sustainability, coastal areas, urban infrastructure, migrants, ecosystems and urban water use. On the other hand, humanity able to take collective action to mitigate the severity of these impacts. Mitigation and adaptation strategies, such as climate resilient agriculture, rooftop farming, extreme weather mitigation, resilient water use and so on, will almost certainly be required to deal with these effects. It is encouraging to note that urban planning has the potential to play a key role in developing and implementing adaptive responses in urban systems. The benefit of urban planning is sustainable and required some urban planning regimes around the world which include, plan-making, stakeholder engagement, development management and design standards to make a better and greener urban ecosystem.


All the evidence from the morphology, histology and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the sex pheromone gland of Ectropis obliqua prout was situated at the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9+10th abdominal segments. The methods used for collecting sex pberomone were: (i) excising abdominal tips of 2-d-old virgin females, and then keeping them in dark cycle for 6-8 h at 15-20t during their optimal calling period; (ii) rinsing and washing the abdominal tips with small quantities of dichloromethane and hexane; or (iii) adsorbing the sex pheromone with porapak Q. All of these methods were successful for quantitative analysis by HPLC and GC/MS. BAG response profile and laboratory bioassay with a wind tunnel were used to monitor and isolate the bioactive fractions, followed by GC/MS for identification of pheromone of E. obliqua. (z, z, z)-3,6,9-octadecatrine, (z, z, z) -3,6,9-docos trine, (z, z) -3,9-cis-6,7-epoxyocotadecadiene and (z, z, z) -3, 6,9-tetracostriene were likely the main components of this system.


The gametes are responsible for passing all the genetic information from one generation to another, giving rise to all the tissues in a developing animal, and ultimately guaranteeing the survival of species. The formation of germ-line stem cells occurs during early development in all animals. The differentiation of these pluripotent cells into mature gametes provides a continuous supply of sperms and eggs during adult life. Many aspects of germ-line development are conserved across species. For example, in most metazoans, female primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate from an extragonadal site of origin to reach the somatic gonad and to produce oocytes. After a mitotic proliferative stage, the primary oocytes enter meiosis. In most animal species this process is arrested during prophase, and is completed only in response to intercellular signaling or fertilization, which trigger oocyte meiotic maturation. After the arrest, the oocyte synthesizes and stores a large amount of mRNAs that will be translated only during re-entry into the meiotic division both to promote oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Translational control is obtained through a complex regulation carried out by different but highly conserved molecular mechanisms. Here we review the basic principles that underlie oocyte development, focusing on analogies and differences among the main model organisms.


This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality which consists of reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness to customer satisfaction at Informa Store, at Ahmad Yani - Bekasi. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The author collected data in the form of a questionnaire, with a total of 110 respondents using Slovin to determine the sample size. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistical tests, validity tests, data reliability tests, normality tests, heteroscedasticity tests, correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination, simple linear regression tests, and hypothesis tests which are processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 program. Simultaneous test results show that the quality of service (X) which consists of reliability, assurance, physical evidence (tangibles), empathy (empathy), and responsiveness (responsiveness) have a significant effect simultaneously (together). the same) on the customer satisfaction variable with a significance value (P value) of 0.003


: Sesame is one of the major oilseed crops, becoming popular worldwide owing to its high oil quality and adaptation to various ecological regions. An experiment was carried out at the BINA sub-station farms, Magura and Ishurdi during kharif-I of 2014 to evaluate the performance of nine M sesame mutant lines 6 (SM-015, SM-016, SM-048, SM-053, SM-055, SM-058, SM-065, SM-067 and SM-075) along with two check varieties (Binatil-1 and Baritil-2). The parameters tested included: plant height, branches per plant, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, days to maturity and yield per hectare. Highly significant variations were observed both in individual locations and combined over locations for all traits. In combined over locations, the highest number of branches (2.9) produced in mutant line SM-016 while the highest number of capsules (77) per plant was found in mutant line SM-067. The highest number of seeds per capsules (80) was found in Binatil-1 followed by mutant line SM-055 (71). Mutant line SM-016 produced the highest seed yield (2022 kg/ha) which was closely followed by SM-048 (2011 kg/ha) and SM-067 (1998 kg/ha) while SM-053 produced the lowest seed yield (1419 kg/ha). Between two locations, better seed yield (2147 kg/ha) with shorter maturity period (82 days) were observed at Magura.


Groundwater modules are critically important to the simulation of low flows in land surface models (LSMs) and rainfall-runoff models. Here, we develop a Groundwater for Ungauged Basins (GrUB) modul...


Objective:To explore the significance of inducing sputum chemokines condition in evaluation of airway inflammation and asthma condition in children with asthma.Methods:90 children with asthma were enrolled as study group,and 20 healthy children were enrolled as control group.All the children received sputum induction and analysis of induced sputum cells,the expressions of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),eotaxin-2,interleukin-8(IL-8)and monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the basic pulmonary function was detected by children's pulmonary function apparatus.SPSS13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:The expression levels of RANTES,eotaxin-2,IL-8 and MCP-1 in asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).In asthma group,the expression levels of RANTES and eotaxin-2 in acute attack phase were significantly higher than those in remission phase(P0.05),the expression levels of IL-8 and MCP-l in severe asthma group were significantly higher than those in mild and moderate asthma group(P0.05).Conclusion:RANTES and eotaxin-2 are related to acute attack of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness,while IL-8 and MCP-1 are related to aggravation of asthma and degeneration of pulmonary function.Dynamic detection of changes of inducing sputum chemokines may be helpful to monitor asthma condition and make individualized treatment of asthma.


Electron concentration determinations in the ionosphere by radio wave dispersion measurements using transmissions from rockets are discussed with reference to the results obtained by various workers. Charged particle trap experiments carried on satellite and space probes are also described, and some conclusions are reached regarding the distribution of charged particles in the sunlit part of the Earth's gas envelope.


1Research Unit of General Practice. 2Research Unit of General Practice & COHERE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. 3Lund University, Family Medicine, Lund, Sweden. 4CHESS(Centre for Health and Social Economics), Istitute for Health and Welfare (THL). 5CHESS(Centre for Health and Social Economics) National Institute for Health and Welfare(THL), Helsinki, Finland. 6Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.


The building detection is one of the most challenging issues in remote sensing image processing. In this paper, a novel approach for building detection using corner detection, segmentation and adaptive windowed Hough Transform is presented. In the first, the Mean shift segmentation is used to split the image into a numbers of classes. In the second step, the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is used to extract the corners in the original image. In the third step the corners are used as one of the evidences to verify the presence of buildings. In the Mean shift segmentation result image, around the corners detected by SIFT algorithm, the approximate boundary of the buildings is extracted. With the help of approximate boundary of the buildings, the size of the building can be estimate. Finally, in order to extract the precise building roof boundary, the adaptive windowed Hough Transform is used to extract the straight line of the building boundary. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the proposed method produced promising results.


The emergence and dynamic development of the sharing economy as a socio-economic phenomenon was triggered by the subprime crisis of 2007–2009 and the consequent need to rationalize the use of resources. Cities (especially those generally recognized as a Smart City) have become a natural environment for the sharing economy, due to the spatial accumulation of both potential users and available goods and services. Adopting the point of view that urban conditions are advantageous for the development of the SE, the authors of the article assess the scope of implementation of solutions typical for the sharing economy and the scale of support of municipal authorities for their implementation in 287 Polish cities. For this purpose, they use representative surveys carried out in January 2020. When analyzing the results, they consider the following aspects of a sharing economy: carpooling, coworking, co-housing, room sharing, couch surfing clothes swap/toy swap and crowdfunding. In their research, they also identify relationships between the degree of development of the sharing economy in Polish cities and their size (expressed as the number of inhabitants) and wealth (expressed as the level of budget revenues per capita), trying to answer the question asked in the title: how do cities use and support sharing economy initiatives? The research results indicate a low level of SE development in Polish cities and a low involvement of municipal authorities in supporting this development. Individual forms of SE function best in large cities that have successfully aspired to be smart for many years. In other administrative units, the obstacle to the development of the SE is probably the low availability and quality of free housing resources and the reluctance to share, resulting from reluctance in a centrally planned economy related to the non-market allocation of goods and services and the associated strong attachment to private property.


The Kinetics and Modes of Gold Nanowire Breaking Honghai Liu1, Enyong Jiang1 ∗, Haili Bai1, Ping Wu1, Zhiqing Li1, and Chang Q. Sun2 ∗ 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology and Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, Faculty of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China 2School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798


Based on the analysis of the feed pump configuration for domestic 1000MW units,which are put in operation or ordered,some opinions on the current configuration and its future development trend of the feed pump for air-cooled units with same capacity and parameters were given.Considering the antifreezing requirement of the air-cooling system sufficiently,the possibility to eliminate the starting electrical pump for direct and indirect air-cooled units was discussed.


The author introduces a new category into the system of social sciences, namely, that of 'the political temperature of society' and demonstrates its potential and capability in terms of prognostics and state management. The author provides synchronic and diachnoric gauges of the political temperature of Russian society, tracing a dependency ofstatewide catastrophies onfluctuations in the political temperature ofsociety


Abstract : The purpose of the investigation is to study the interaction between an obliquely incident, plane electromagnetic wave and a plane, semi infinite dielectric medium, the dielectric constant of which contains a space- and time- varying component. Let us first consider a medium, the dielectric constant of which is periodically fluctuating only in time. It can then be shown that one gets parametric resonance when the angular frequency, w1, of the incident electro-magnetic wave is equal to half the angular frequency, w2, of the forced, or pumped, variations in the disturbed medium. However, when the disturbance is propagating, this resonance condition becomes altered. We find, that in order to get resonance effects certain relations depending on the angle of incidence and the phase velocities of the incident and pump-wave, predicted by Rydbeck, must be fulfilled. The harmonic time variation of the dielectric medium produces transmitted and reflected waves (non-linear modes) on the characteristic frequencies w1 = nw2, where n 0, 1, 2 ... The angles of reflection and transmission will be functions of the propagation parameters of the two waves as expressed by a generalization of Snell's law. The investigation, finally, also includes the case where losses are taken into account.


The invention provides a 0.532 micrometer to 1.064 micrometer frequency-multiplied antireflection coating for use on the surface of a large-curvature lens. The coating comprises a transparent substrate and an antireflection film system. The antireflection film system comprises alternately stacked 12 film layers of high refractive index dielectric film layers and low refractive index dielectric film layers and is applied to the surface of the large-curvature lens having a curvature radius to aperture ratio less than 1; glass substrate adaptability is high; tolerance to the refractive index n of the high refractive index coating material caused by difference in parameters of different coating machines is high, and stability is high; namely, the refractive index of the transparent substrate is applicably 1.46 to 1.60, the refractive index n of the high refractive index material Ta2O5 is 1.946 to 2.126, and optical performances, namely residual reflectivities, of points of the surface of the large-curvature part, at the 0.532 micrometer to 1.064 micrometers wavelength positions, are all greater than 0.4%.


Large quantities of oil usually remain in oil reservoirs after conventional water floods. A significant part of this remaining oil can still be recovered economically by Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection. Accurate numerical simulation of complex three


[Objective] To estimate the hospitalization cost caused by lung cancer in Lanzhou, and to analyze the trend of the hospitalization cost. [Methods] The data of hospitalization cost were collected from patients' clinic recorders that had the exact diagnosis of lung cancer in two hospitals of Lanzhou. Then the change of total cost of the lung cancer patients was estimated and the components of the cost and their changes were analyzed. [Results] From 1996 to 2006, the number of the lung cancer patents increased 9.65% per year, the average hospitalization days and expenditures for every patient decreased 6.76% and 5.20% respectively every year. The daily average expenditures for every inpatient increased 2.00% ; the medicine cost, therapy cost, assay cost and examine cost were the top 4 parts of the total cost of the lung cancer. Among them the medicine cost decreased 8.12% every year, while the assay cost and the examine cost increased 2.37% and 5.27% every year. [Conclusion] Though the hospitalization cost of lung cancer shows a down trend in Lanzhou, lung cancer still is one of the main rea- sons that hurt people's heath. The prevention of lung carcinoma should be enhanced and the dangerous behaviors of people should be changed to control the incidence of the lung cancer. And we should also improve the therapy and the management of the hospital to control the cost of lung cancer.


INMY paper on the term structure (Van Horne, 1965), I contended that the results of various multiple-regression studies undertaken were consistent with liquidity, or risk, premiums varying inversely with the level of interest rates relative to an accustomed interest-rate range. The regression studies were based upon monthly Treasury yield-curve data that appeared in Treasury Bulletins for the 1958-63 period. Roll (1966) has criticized this contention on the grounds that the evidence is unconvincing. I shall summarize briefly his arguments and then present my criticisms. Additional evidence using a modification of his model is seen to support my original contention. First, Roll properly points out that the presence of a common term on both sides of the multiple-regression equation may result in a statistical bias. The equation is


A switching beam antenna with dual polarizations for LTE small cell application is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of 5 sets high gain dual-polarized dipole antennas, two RF switching network circuit, a digital control circuit with the whole dimensions 200 × 200 × 76 mm3. The antenna has a wide bandwidth for LTE operation in 2100–2700 MHz band. And good radiation performance is obtained in horizontal plane, and has 31 radiation pattern combinations for each polarization and support 2 × 2 MIMO system.


Incubators are embedded in the culture of the economics of (value-added) services. To date, at least in Europe, they have operated in a manner analogous to the generation of nuclear power; that is, attempting to produce 'entrepreneurial energy' through a process of fission that creates a division between the aspiring entrepreneurs' demands for, and the corresponding supply of, support and services. The process has been artificially fuelled by the provision of subsidies and grants from the European Union and elsewhere. However, the outcomes, in terms of high-expectation start-ups and their long-term sustainability, have been mediocre. In contrast, experience in the USA – where the incubation process has been more successful, qualitatively, than in Europe – points to a new route: that of 'proof of concept', of which the Kauffman Foundation is the strongest advocate (Mitchell, 2009, p 57). We can use the concept of nuclear fusion – not yet a commercial reality for the generation of power – as a metaphor for the present situation regarding entrepreneurial innovation. On the one hand, there is the failure of incubators and, on the other, the need to expand the incubation process beyond the limits of the business plan, to encompass experimentation and the simulation of new business concepts in an experimental laboratory environment. Such experimental labs are attuned to and conversant with the economics of experimentation. This proposed innovative shift requires the fusion (that is, in the terminology of nuclear physics, production of a single, heavier nucleus) rather than the separation or fission (production of several lighter nuclei), of the demand for and supply of experimentation – of which the services currently provided are only a part.


Hypophysectomized, immature female rats, approximately 65 g in body weight, were implanted subcutaneously with a single anterior pituitary from 3- to 4-monthold female rats of the same strain, and were not treated further or were injected with thyroxine for 30 days. The effects on body and tail growth, mammary development and weight of several organs were measured. Hypophysectomized rats given a single pituitary transplant only, or a pituitary transplant together with thyroxine, exhibited body weight gains equal to 46.6 and 75.5 %, respectively, of that of intact controls. Tail length, tibial cartilage width, and spleen and thymus weights were all significantly greater in the rats with a pituitary transplant; addition of thyroxine resulted in a further increase in body weight, tail length and in spleen and thymus weight. No effects of the pituitary transplant or thyroxine were observed on the atrophic ovaries, uterus or adrenals. In contrast to the atrophic mammary glands of the hypophysectomized control ...


The invention discloses a rotary-cut two-annular blade osculating assembly. The rotary-cut two-annular blade osculating assembly comprises a nail leaning seat, a nail cabin, an outer blade mechanism, an inner blade mechanism, a power cabin and a power cabin protection sleeve, wherein the inner blade mechanism is arranged in the outer blade mechanism; the inner blade mechanism and the outer blade mechanism are both provided with motion rails; when an axial force which comes from the back part and is pushed to the direction of the nail leaning seat is applied to a stress handle of the power cabin, the power cabin drives a nail pushing slice, the inner blade mechanism and the outer blade mechanism to do homodromous axial movement; at the moment, when an inner annular blade on the inner blade mechanism and (or) an outer annular blade on the outer blade mechanism meet(s) with a resistance force, the inner annular blade on the inner blade mechanism and the outer annular blade on the outer blade mechanism do rotational motion along the directions opposite to the motion rails of composite seats of the inner annular blade and the outer annular blade due to the fact of an acting force, so that a rotary cutting effect is formed. According to the rotary-cut two-annular blade osculating assembly disclosed by the invention, rotary cutting and osculating operation of two-annular blades on physiological tissues during an operation is realized, so that the operation quality is increased.


Robotic technologies are becoming more prevalent for treating neurological conditions in clinical settings. We conducted a literature search of original articles to identify all studies that examined the use of robotic devices for restoring walking function in adults with neurological disorders. A search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Google Scholar, CINAHL and EBSCO host from 2005 to 2014. Keywords used were gait, locomotor training, multiple sclerosis, neurological disorders, rehabilitation, robotics, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury and walking. This review analyzed 27 articles that examined the effects of locomotor training with robotic assistance in patients following stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Parkinson disease (PD). This review supports that locomotor training with robotic assistance is beneficial for improving walking function in individuals following a stroke and SCI. Gait speed and endurance were not found to be significantly different among patients with motor incomplete SCI after a variety of locomotor training approaches. Limited evidence demonstrates that locomotor training with robotic assistance is beneficial in populations of patients with MS, TBI, or PD. We discuss clinical implications and decision making in the area of gait rehabilitation for neurological dysfunction.


In the paper, two mathematical and numerical models of the metals alloy solidification in the cylindrical channel of fluidity test, which take into account the process of filling the mould cavity with molten metal, has been proposed. Velocity and pressure fields were obtained by solving the momentum equations and the continuity equation, while the thermal fields were obtained by solving the heat conduction equation containing the convection term. Next, the numerical analysis of the solidification process of metals alloy in the cylindrical mould channel has been made. In the models one takes into account interdependence of the thermal and dynamical phenomena. Coupling of the heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena has been taken into consideration by the changes of the fluidity function and thermophysical parameters of alloy with respect to the temperature. The influence of the velocity or the pressure and the temperature of metal pouring on the solid phase growth kinetics were estimated. The problem has been solved by the finite element method.


Building a model of spatial structure of the rocker arm and its design optimization are related to the problem of excess weight of the rocker arm in the garbage tipping system. The simulation was aimed at producing a structure where stresses are minimized. The body of the rocker arm model was determined using the Equivalent Static Load Method (ESL). Based on the simulation, the design of the rocker arm was developed. The weight of the improved rocker arm was reduced by 10.8 kg while maintaining the level of stress produced by loads.


Introduction 12 year-old Lucia and I were walking down the street that leads from the children"s centre to Cusco"s Plaza de Armas. It was late and Lucia was eager to meet up with her mother who was waiting for her in the Plaza. I was trying to continue a conversation we were having about my research. "Do you know why I am working here?' I asked her. "To take care of us', she replied laughingly and ran off.


In this paper, contour diagrams are drawn with nine SURFER gridding methods. A comparison between contour diagrams drawn by hand and those by SURFER shows that Radial Basis Function gridding methods can be used in the drawing of geochemical contour diagrams. This paper also presents the flow chart for calculating the coordinate of MAPGIS-drawn contours in SURFER-processed Surfer plot files.


'Stacked Deck' is a statistical analysis of outcomes in forced arbitration, also called mandatory arbitration or binding mandatory arbitration, that finds: 1) Individual arbitrators have a strong incentive to favor the firms that provide them with repeat business over an individual consumer they may never see again. 2) Companies win a favorable ruling in arbitration far more often than consumers. 3) Companies involved in the most arbitration cases - and therefore in creating the most business for arbitrators - consistently receive more favorable rulings than firms involved in fewer cases. Almost all credit card, auto, and small consumer product contracts contain a hidden forced arbitration clause instead of offering consumers their day in court before a jury of their peers.


We present a novel mixed reality (MR) telepresence system enabling a local user to interact with a remote user through full-body avatars in their own rooms. If the remote rooms have different sizes and furniture arrangements, directly applying a user's motion to an avatar leads to a mismatch of placement and deictic gesture. To overcome this problem, we retarget the placement, arm gesture, and head movement of a local user to an avatar in a remote room to preserve a local user's environment and interaction context. This allows avatars to utilize real furniture and interact with a local user and shared objects as if they were in the same room. This paper describes our system's design and implementation in detail and a set of example scenarios in the living room and office room. A qualitative user study delves into a user experience, challenges, and possible extensions of the proposed system.


In this paper, we have developed a novel block cipher involving a key bunch matrix supported by a key-based permutation and a key-based substitution. In this analysis, the decryption key bunch matrix is obtained by using the given encryption key bunch matrix and the concept of multiplicative inverse. From the cryptanalysis carried out in this investigation, we have seen that the strength of the cipher is remarkably good and it cannot be broken by any conventional attack.


Understanding the hydrological functioning of tidally influenced floodplain forests is essential for advancing ecosystem protection and restoration goals in impacted systems. However, finding direct relationships between basic hydrological inputs and floodplain hydrology is hindered by complex interactions between surface water, groundwater, and atmospheric fluxes in a variably saturated matrix with heterogeneous soils, vegetation, and topography. Thus, an explanatory method for identifying common trends and causal factors is required. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a time series dimension reduction technique, models temporal variation in observed data as linear combinations of common trends, which represent unidentified common factors, and explanatory variables. In this work, DFA was applied to model water table elevation (WTE) in the floodplain of the Loxahatchee River (Florida, USA), where altered watershed hydrology has led to changing hydroperiod and salinity regimes and undesired vegetative changes in the floodplain forest. The technique proved to be a powerful tool for the study of interactions among 29 long‐term, nonstationary hydrological time series (12 WTE series and 17 candidate explanatory variables). Regional groundwater circulation, surface water elevations, and spatially variable net local recharge (cumulative rainfall – cumulative evapotranspiration) were found to be the main factors explaining groundwater profiles. The relative importance of these factors was spatially related to floodplain elevation, distance from the river channel, and distance upstream from the river mouth. The resulting dynamic factor model (DFM) simulated the WTE time series well (overall coefficient of efficiency, Ceff = 0.91) and is useful for assessing management scenarios for ecosystem restoration and predicted sea level rise.


To observe the efficacy and safety of felodipine in treating pulmonary heart disease with congestive heart failure (PHD-CHF). METHODS: Fifty patients (M 40, F 10; age 68 a± s 8 a) with PHD-CHF treated with felodipine 5 mg, po, qd for 7 d, in addition to conventional therapy (inhalation of oxygen and anti-infection therapy etc). Other 50 patients served as control (M 38, F 12; age 65 a ± 7 a) were treated with conventional therapy only. RESULTS: The total efficiency rate of felodipine group was 98% vs that of the control group 46% (P 0. 01 ). No serious adverse reactions were found in 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Felodipine in treating PHD-CHF was satisfactory.


CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these is to alert the user of the method to safety issues related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety precautions are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method


Intemet/Information Appliance (IA) industry will be an important high-tech industry in the ' Post-PC' era. We can foresee that every useful access device, IA system product, to the information network will be based on IP (Internet Protocol) and most likely portable or mobile. The future broadband information network should provide the high quality and richness of services for voice (audio), data, video and their integration to these information appliances.


Several types of local transformations and their effect on path delay fault testability have been examined in the literature. In this paper we present SALT (System for Application of Local Transformations), which is a general tool for the application of a user-defined set of local transformations. The concepts of "related transformations" and of "pseudo-isomorphism" are introduced, which are used in SALT to allow the application of local transformations more frequently. We use SALT to apply testability preserving and testability improving transformations. The effect of these transformations on the size, depth and testability of the transformed circuits is compared to the results obtained by other approaches on benchmark circuits.


Large online retailers are trying to establish secure transaction technologies to reduce the rate of fraudulent transactions. The rapid development of communication technologies and standardizations have created possible growth in e-commerce. Reduction in the operation cost, enhancement in the transactions speed and easy availability to customers became the reasons for the popularity of e-commerce. This paper examines the issues related to the security and threat prevention of the assets and transactions in the e-commerce components and activities. In ecommerce transactions, large amount of public money is involved, so role of information security and privacy is important in this type of business. E-commerce security is analyzed as an engineering management task and a life cycle approach is introduced. Finally, an exploratory survey of various e-commerce security framework and models are analyzed and security collaboration and model is presented.


Language deficiency is evident in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders yet has barely been investigated when first occurs on the continuum of cognitive impairment for the purpose of early diagnoses. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology that develops years prior to clinical manifestations and typically preceded by prodromal stages such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Currently, the manual diagnostic procedures of both types are time consuming, following certain clinical criteria and neuropsychological examinations. Our study aims to establish state-of-the-art performance in the automatic identification of different dementia etiologies, including AD, MCI, and Possible AD (PoAD), and to determine whether patients with initial cognitive declines exhibit language deficits through the analysis of language samples deduced with the cookie theft picture description task. Data was derived from the cookie theft picture corpus of DementiaBank, from which all language samples of the identified etiologies were used, with a random subsampling technique that handles the skewness of the classes. Several original lexical and syntactic (i.e., lexicosyntactic) features were introduced and used alongside previously established lexicosyntactics to train machine learning (ML) classifiers against these etiologies. Further, a statistical analysis was conducted to uncover the deficiency across these etiologies. Our models resulted in benchmarks for differentiating all the identified classes with accuracies ranging between 95 to 98% and corresponding F1 values falling between 94 and 98%. The statistical analysis of our lexicosyntactic biomarkers shows that linguistic deviations are associated with prodromal as well as advanced neurodegenerative pathologies, being greatly impacted as cognitive decline increases and suggesting that language biomarkers may aid the early diagnosis of these pathologies.


Single-mode fibre lasers play a important role in optical fibre communications and sensors. They exhibit a number of interesting phenomena, one of the most important being polarisation effects, which have not yet been properly evaluated.


A conclusion on the need of the reciprocal movement of employers and educators in the process offormulating specialist competencies was drawn on the base of the analysis of the priorities of the EuropeanCommission. The justification for the principles of the formulation of competencies based on the functionsof the activities that are determined by the employer is proposed. The basic oxonmetric proposals for theformulation of the functions of the activity have been developed and substantiated. The design, material,technological, instrumental managerial, business functions were identified. Proposed functions are comparedwith the curriculum for training specialists in several areas. The principles of measuring of learningoutcomes based on Dublin descriptors are defined. It was proposed to strengthen the share of the "autonomyand responsibility" descriptor, the justifications for its formation and measurements are given. For thisdescriptor in the formation of all the components of competence, formulated with the functions of theactivity, it is recommended to provide a real practical result. The forms of training, the most rational for theformation of learning outcomes in accordance with the descriptors of "knowledge", "skills","communication", "autonomy and responsibility" are substantiated. A matrix model for the formation ofcompetencies based on learning outcomes has been developed. A qualimetric approach to the measurementof learning outcomes is substantiated, on the basis of which the result of training is formed in an explicitform. A criterion for the formation of competences in the form of the surface of learning outcomes isproposed. The real level of competence of a specialist is compared with the requirements of the employer.The possibility of a non-stationary level of learning outcomes was revealed.Comparison of a given and realcompetence of a specialist should be made by groups of experts in the conditions of the counter policy ofemployers and educational institutions. The proposed approaches are implemented in the preparation ofcurricula for a number of specialties.


A general definition of dynamic fragmentation can encompass any impulsive process which partitions a body of material into discrete domains. Two examples are fragmentation due to brittle fracture under impact loading and fragmentation due to shear banding in shock‐compression plastic deformation. In application, prediction of fragment size or shear band spacing is frequently either the objective, or else requisite to understanding the process. An approach is presented whereby surface or interface area created in the fragmentation process is governed by an equilibrium balance of the surface or interface energy and a local inertial or kinetic energy. Fragment size can be approximately related to surface or interface area. Relations provided by the analysis compare well with experimental dynamic fracture and shock‐wave shear‐band results.


Sketch from the scrapbook of Sarah E.E. Mitchell of Lisdillon on the East Coast of Tasmania 1860.

Sketch 144, taken 1860, by Catherine Mitchell, depicts a swan and subsequent notes by Sarah Mitchell with an anecdote about Mr Buxton, resident of East Coast Tasmania.

Mr Thomas Buxton's, black swan used to fly down to Lisdillon Rivulet; We were delighted to run down and feed it with bread – I think we got it up in the garden, when she drew it with pencil one day. Mr Buxton sent a man for it, & said we encouraged it to come – They put in a pigsty, and it died, we were told.

The sketches by Catherine Penwarne (Kate), eldest daughter of John and Catherine Mitchell (of Cornwall, England, who settled at Lisdillon, East Coast Tasmania in 1852) were made between 1860 and 1876, and portray aspects of 19th Century social and domestic life. Catherine's sketches were compiled by her sister Sarah. E.E.Mitchell. Derived from her own collection, from those of friends and relations, and from John Ball, Kate's husband, they were compiled sometime between 1928 and 1933. The sketches are mounted in an album, together with: locks of Kate's hair on red silk; a pressed fern arrangement; a coloured photograph of John and Catherine Ball; and coloured views of Buckland Churchyard in 1850, showing the grave of Paul Thomas Mitchell, aged 3 days, and in 1879 showing the grave of Catherine Penwarne Ball. The scrapbook was bequeathed to The Royal Society of Tasmania in 1946.
RS 32/4


Organizations can use social media analytics as an effective assessment tool from behavioral perspectives, HR as well as business pro cess to collaboratively build competency framework. The present piece of work is an attempt to put forth social media as a contemporary model in the light of the e xisting literature. Providing literature reviews, this paper also highlights curr ent practices of social media analytics as to how organizations are accessing vast amount of live data from social media in order to understand work-related be havioral aspects of the employees and their employability for both HR process and the business. The analyzed data on customers is also being taken into account to highlight patterns and customers' sentiments related to the marketing efforts. Furthermore , on the basis of the above presented discussion this paper suggests the road map to how


Introduction-Globalization Without Gravitas: Chinese Migrants in Transition Economies - Felix B. Chang Part I: Russia: A Centuries-Old Diaspora 1. Historical and Contemporary Trends of Chinese Labor Migration into Siberia - Vladimir Datsyshen 2. The Chinese Experience in Russia: Adaptation, Tolerance, Law and Politics - Alexander Larin 3. Perceptions of Chinese Migrants in The Russian Far East - Victor Larin Part II: Central Asia: The Multiethnic Dimensions of "Chinese" Migration 4. The Dynamics of Contemporary Chinese Expansion into Central Asia - Yelena Y. Sadovskaya 5. Patterns of Contermporary "Chinese" Migration Into Kazakhstan - Yelena Y. Sadovskaya Part III: Eastern Europe: Chinese Entrepreneurs at The Gates of the European Union 6. Myth and Migration: Zhejiangese Merchants in Serbia - Felix B. Chang 7. The Chinese Under Serbian Laws - Felix B. Chang 8. The Chinese and Their Competitors in Bulgaria - Anna Krasteva 9. Filmic Representations of The Chinese Presence in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Slovenia - Sunnie T. Rucker-Chang


Abstract Rock mechanical property testing under high-temperature true triaxial compression conditions is significantly important to understanding the stability of deep underground engineering rock masses where high temperature exists. This article presents the development, calibration and application of a self-designed true triaxial test system for investigating rock mechanical behaviors under coupled high-temperature and high-pressure conditions with cuboid rock samples. The test system is consisted of four independent parts, respectively for mechanical loading in three axis, thermal loading up to 250 °C, deformation and temperature measurement, and the data acquisition center. The key technology and calibration method of the measurement sensors were introduced. The primary testing results of Jinping marble, Bayu granite and Longchang sandstone under high-temperature and high-pressure coupled true triaxial conditions were obtained. It shows that the peak strength, elastic modulus and fracture mode vary with rock types and temperatures. The mechanical property of Jinping marble increases with the increase of temperature in the tested temperature range, while Longchang sandstone shows a decreasing trend, and the change of Bayu granite is relatively small. The fracture mode of Jinping marble, Bayu granite Longchang sandstone at different temperatures is compressive-shear fracture. The results verify the reliability of the test system, and provides a new platform for understanding the mechanical properties of rocks of deep underground engineering with high temperatures.


Activation energies associated with resistivity anomalies of electrons confined to a two-dimensional potential well in a high magnetic field have recently been reported by Chang et al. and by Kawaji et al. The unusual behavior of the activation energy is analyzed in terms of two different excitation mechanisms coexisting in the system in the presence of fluctuations in the external donor impurity potential.


In this paper, the effect of heat treatment and strain rate on the tensile property of extruding magnesium alloys 1Mn1Zn4Y is studied by using tensile tests. It can be concluded that because the grain size of the sample with solid solution (T4) is coarser than that of the sample without heat treatment,the elongation and the strength of the specimen treated with solid solution are lower. However, owing to many fine and dispersed particles of the second phase precipitated from the solid solution, the strength of sample treated with solid solution + aging (T6) is the highest.


Modular multilevel converter based highvoltage DC transmission (MMC-HVDC) technology has become a feasible approach from grid integration of large wind farms. As oscillations has been reported on certain number of MMC-HVDC projects with wind power, the mechanism and analytical methods are urgent issues for studying. The current commonly used modeling methods cannot meet the characteristics of MMC topology due to the complex pulse mode shown in a switching period. Therefore, a new method is proposed to effectively solve the stroboscopic mapping modeling problem of multilevel converters. On the basis of traditional proportional resonant (PR) control, a time-delay feedback control (TDFC) loop is added to effectively suppress the current oscillation. Taking the 21 level MMC topology as an example, the discrete model is obtained by the method of switch state traversal, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the proposed strategy of oscillation current suppression is verified by simulation.


The contamination problems of insulation oil in the manufacture of instrument transform-ers are in tro duced.The main reasons for contamination of the oil are analyzed.The measures to pre vent in su la tion oil of instrument transformer from contamination are presented.


FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ENERGY AND TRANSPORT FOR VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND FORMS OF ENERGY, THE AUTHOR MAKES OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THOSE CRITERIA TO BE OBSERVED WHEN CONSIDERING THE ENERGY PROBLEM WITH RESPECT TO TRANSPORTATION. AT 13 PER CENT TRANSPORT STANDS AT THIRD PLACE TO INDUSTRY (36 PER CENT) AND HOUSEHOLD (26 PER CENT) AS AN ENERGY USER. OF THIS 63 PER CENT IS ROAD TRANSPORT, WHEREAS THE ACTUAL ENERGY COSTS AS A PROPORTION OF TOTAL TRANSPORT COSTS WERE, UP TO 1973, OF LESSER IMPORTANCE. AN ASSESSMENT OF ITALY'S ENERGY BALANCE GIVES AN INDICATION OF THE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS PER TONNE-METRE AND PERSON-KILOMETRE FOR VARIOUS MODES OF TRANSPORT. THE CONCLUSIONS ARE: THE TRANSPORT SECTOR OFFERS NO POSSIBILITIES FOR ENERGY-SAVING; THE ONLY ALTERNATIVE AT PRESENT TO OIL IS ELECTRICITY. AIR AND ROAD TRANSPORT ARE, AS OPPOSED TO RAIL TRANSPORT, TO REMAIN DEPENDENT ON OIL FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE. THE HEAVIEST CONSUMER OF OIL FOR LAND TRANSPORT MODES IS INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORT, ESPECIALLY IN TOWNS AND CITIES. AT SECOND PLACE STANDS GOODS ROAD TRANSPORT. AN ENERGY-SAVING POLICY CAN BE REALIZED BY: SWITCHING FROM INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORT TO OEPNV (SURFACE MASS TRANSIT), BY USING LARGER TRANSPORT UNITS, AND BY CHANGING FROM ROAD TO RAIL TRANSPORT. ENERGY-SAVING DOES NOT ON THE OTHER HAND REPRESENT THE ONLY DECISION ELEMENT. FOR EXAMPLE, RAIL GOODS TRANSPORT URGENTLY REQUIRES A MODERNIZATION OF ITS TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICS SYSTEMS.


He article is devoted to the peculiarities of the legal institutionalization process in the Russian legal system in historical perspective and at the present stage. The author analyzes the objective and subjective factors that determine the nature of the institutional legal phenomena. Particular attention is given to the criteria for the institutionalization based on the example of political parties.


Background: Simple bone cysts are benign fluid containing lesions, usually expanding in nature and seen in children before skeletal maturity. There are various views regarding the cyst healing after a fracture through the cyst. Methods: We reviewed 15 children who presented after a fracture through a simple bone cyst to investigate the fate of a cyst once fractured. Four patients had fractured through the cyst more than once. Results: All the fractures healed rapidly after non-operative treatment. At a median follow up 1.5 years (range 1 to 4.5years) one cyst had disappeared spontaneously and one healed following treatment with steroid injections. Conclusion: We conclude that the natural history of a simple bone cyst is not altered by a fracture and probably cyst needs to be treated once the fracture heals.


Objective To establish an advanced TLC identification method of Compound Sanhuang Tincture,and a method for the determination of ethanol. Methods The Rhizoma coptidis,Cortex phellodendri and Synthetic borneol were identified with mobile phase of microemulsion form incacid by silica gel G thin layer plate. The consis of microem ulsion was toluene: toluene-isopropanol-ethyl acetate-methanol-H2 O = 6∶1. 5: 3∶1. 5∶0. 3,chloroform-methanol-H2O( 30∶15∶4),benzene-ethyl acetate( 19∶1). The temperature was 26 ℃,and the relative humidity 62%. The determination of ethanol was carried out with Agilent 6890 N gas liquid chromatography. Results The spots in the chromatogram of the test solution corresponding to the position of each reference substance had the same color. The content of alcohol was 48. 0% ~ 50. 0%.Conclusion The method was simple and can he used for the thin layer identification of Compound Sanhuang Tincture and the determination of ethanol.


Advocacy for academically based teacher education informs this article, which stresses the need for persuasive evidence of its value. A summary of the current state of the evidence is presented, concluding that positive evidence is now very limited. What is needed to make the case for academically based teacher education is quantitative empirical evidence. The data presented by Coleman are described as a case study to demonstrate the difficulties in interpreting empirical data developed through quantitative methods. The recent assembling of comprehensive longitudinal databases of student achievement in multiple knowledge domains linking individual students with specific teachers is shown to be a promising improvement available to contemporary researchers. Good data and the means for working with them are currently at hand. Those who support the aims of academically based teacher education are called to develop quantitative empirical arguments that will build a dossier of persuasive evidence on its behalf.


AbstractThe main focus of this study is on the near-field flow and mixing characteristics of the thermal and saline wall jets. A numerical study of the buoyant wall jets discharged from submerged outfalls (e.g., from desalination plants) has been conducted. The performance of different Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models has been investigated and various k-e, k-ω, and other turbulence models have been studied. The results of cling length, plume trajectory, temperature dilutions, and temperature and velocity profiles are compared to both available experimental and numerical data. It was found that two models perform best among the seven models chosen in this paper. According to the results from different simulations, the paper proposes corresponding relationships and comparative graphs that are helpful for a better understanding of buoyant wall jets.