Due to the strong in-plane but weak out-of-plane bonding, it is relatively easy to separate nanosheets of two-dimensional (2D) materials from their respective bulk crystals. This exfoliation of 2D materials can yield large 2D nanosheets, hundreds of micrometers wide, that can be as thin as one or a few atomic layers thick. However, the underlying physical mechanisms unique to each exfoliation technique can produce a wide distribution of defects, yields, functionalization, lateral sizes, and thicknesses, which can be appropriate for specific end applications. The five most commonly used exfoliation techniques include micromechanical cleavage, ultrasonication, shear exfoliation, ball milling, and electrochemical exfoliation. In this review, we present an overview of the field of 2D material exfoliation and the underlying physical mechanisms with emphasis on progress over the last decade. The beneficial characteristics and shortcomings of each exfoliation process are discussed in the context of their functional properties to guide the selection of the best technique for a given application. Furthermore, an analysis of standard applications of exfoliated 2D nanosheets is presented including their use in energy storage, electronics, lubrication, composite, and structural applications. By providing detailed insight into the underlying exfoliation mechanisms along with the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, this review intends to guide the reader toward the appropriate batch-scale exfoliation techniques for a wide variety of industrial applications.


Interest in the phenomenology of Edith Stein and the scholarly writing accompanying this interest has grown within the last generation of scholarship. Stein's life, philosophy, and faith have been used by feminists, philosophers, psychologists, and spiritualists to mine both the breadth and depth of her thinking. In this light, this article seeks to put Stein's phenomenology— specifically, her anthropology as outlined in her view of empathy and community—in conversation with current-day psychological studies focusing on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in returning veterans. Just War Theory (JWT) not only looks at the conduct of a particular war at a particular place but also concerns itself with the effects of war on those who fight it. This article contributes to understanding the effects in the hopes that we may better serve those who have fought and assist in healing wounds that come from war, just and unjust alike.


The contrast in theory and method between Croizat's panbiogeography and traditional approaches to biogeography presents traditional biogeographers with a significant hurdle when attempting to portray panbiogeography. This epistemological barrier can result in panbiogeography being mis-represented when attempting to categorize panbiogeography within traditional frameworks that are not applicable in a panbiogeographic context. The conflict between the traditional contexts presented in Cox & Moore (1993) and the alternative methods and concepts developed in panbiogeography are illustrated here with respect to the following issues: (1) standard tracks as vicariance events rather than biogeographic (spatial) homologies, (2) Croizat opposing tectonics rather than integrating tectonics with biogeographic patterns, (3, 4) Croizat giving little attention to fossils and climate rather than extensively discussing their relationships with biogeography, (5) ocean baselines being inappropriate to terrestrial patterns rather than representing the spatial homologies, and (6) treating main massings as Darwinian centres of origin rather than spatial criteria for orienting tracks


Understanding physiology is important for the nurses to assess deviations from their patient's normal body function; without this knowledge, nurses would be unable to understand the patient's problem. Unfortunately reports indicate that both nurses and nursing students still have difficulty in mastering physiology when taught by lecture. Purpose. This purpose of study was to seek out effect of Team-based Learning (TBL) applied toa physiology course for nursing students. Method. This was an exploratory study using four kinds of quasi-experimental designs to examine the effect of TBL in the learning process and outcome. The sample was invited from two universities and divided by two groups, TBL and Traditional (TRa). A questionnaire was administered to students regarding, characteristic, learning motivation, knowledge achievement (IRAT), engagement, team skill ability, knowledge achievement and student perception. Questionnaire results were assessed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, ttest, chi-square, Pearson's correlation and mixed ANOVA. The Research Ethics Committee of St. Luke's College of Nursing Tokyo, Japan approved this study (12-023). Results. Participants were 176student divided into TBL (90) and TRa (86). Sample characteristics were similar in both groups (p>.05). Learning motivation was not significantly in either group (p>.05). Knowledge achievement scores were more significant in the TBL group (p<.05). The IRAT, engagement and team skills were only measured in the TBL group. The IRAT score provided over three times generally was low and more highly significantly for the second year students (p<.001). The student Engagement was equal high in both levels of students, and there were only motivation and engagement variables that had significant correlations (p<.001). More than 70% of the participants had a positive perception after participating in the TBL strategy . Conclusion. This study clearly identified the effectiveness of learning physiology using TBL in improving knowledge achievement. Additionally, students enjoyed TBL, had fun in their learning and felt satisfaction in their learning achievement.


Abstract : The objective of this research is to develop a set of criteria that might be used to highlight the obstacles with which many nations have had to deal after they started to restore, or build democracy. The research is focused on historical conditions that shaped the development of civil societies in four countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Botswana and Kenya) before these countries decided to restore or build their democracies. The study of these four countries from different parts of the world shows essential obstacles that, to some extent, shaped the process of the transition and could be taken into account to predict its length, success, or failure. These pre-existing obstacles are sometimes overlooked or underestimated at the beginning of the transformation, and, consequently they could cause not only the failure of the democratic process, but also increasing tension in society.


Non-aqueous Na–O2 cells are constructed with Ag-RGO as a bifunctional catalyst. The 10th cycle discharge capacity is 566 mA h g−1 at 0.1 mA cm−2 with coulombic efficiency greater than 80%. XRD, EDAX and XPS studies of the oxygen electrode suggest that NaO2, Na2O2 and Na2O are the discharged products.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves administering Nateglynid and Glytazon in pharmaceutically permissible carrier. The combination is optionally administered as combined preparation or pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition (the second version) has Nateglynid and Methformin as the second anti-diabetic agent enclosed into the pharmaceutical carrier. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of synergetic preparations action upon diabetes II; prolonged therapeutic drug action time; postponed insulin administration. 13 cl, 1 tbl


The education of China has developed to the level of populization. But populization of education must face realistic opportunities and challenges including how to settle appropriately the relationship between its quantity and quality, and its diversified requirements. This thesis analyses strategies as masters and administrative personnel of colleges and universities.


A 50-year-old male complaining of left hypochondralgia was admitted to our hospital on December 17, 1985. A preoperative diagnosis of the transverse colon cancer with direct invasion to the stomach was made by examinations. Curative operation (left hemicolectomy with distal gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy and partial resection of the diaphragm) was performed on December 27, 1985. On gross appearance there was a 120mm colon tumor invading the stomach wall with gastrocolic fistula. Microscopically papillotubular adenocarcinoma invaded the mucosal layer of the stomach. The patient is working without any sign of recurrence 16 months after surgery. Smith et al emphasized in their report that microscopically colon cancer with gastrocolic fistula tends to be of a lower grade and lymphatic metastasis is rare. Nine cases of the tumor reported in Japan conformed to their opinion.


"Keeping Secrets." MLQ 80.1 (March 2019). Part of collection on "Desire and Domestic Fiction After Thirty Years." Forthcoming. "The Untrusted Medium: Open Networks, Secret Writing, and Little Dorrit." Victorian Studies 59.2 (Winter 2017). 288–313. "Introduction: 'Narrative against Data.' " Genre 50.1 (March 2017). 1–18. "Some Thoughts on Time Travel." Victorian Studies 59.1 (Autumn 2016). 102–104. "Maintenance Work: On Tradition and Development." b2o (2016). Online. "Humor and Wit." in the Blackwell Encyclopedia of Victorian Literature (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015). Vol 2. 739–47.


The purpose was to identify recent thermal analysis efforts and to review that part of the analysis that addresses the prediction of fluid and container temperature gradients during low gravity storage in space. It was concluded that both small and large tanks require hundreds of hours to reach even 60 PSIA. In about 1000 hours, the small tank is close to equilibrium; the large tank requires many thousands of hours to reach equilibrium.


An invariant reaction of Liquid(L) → Solid(S) + Gas(G) was considered as a eutectic reaction in previous literatures. However, since one of the resultant phases is not a solid phase, the invariant reaction of L → S + G should be distinguished from the eutectic reaction. The nomenclature of the L → S + G reaction is suggested to be a gas-evolution crystallization reaction.


To create and to operate a knowledge management system is becoming a more and more popular targets of companies. Realizing the changes above can result in a failure - in spite of the strongest will – if organizations lack certain prerequisites which are necessary in companies' lives. One of the most important prerequisites is organizational culture which can be characterized by confidence, common learning, development and an open atmosphere. This is called a learning organizational culture.
This research has focused on bringing to light what kind of dreams colleagues in higher education have about their own organizational culture. These results were gained from an investigation with questionnaires which were realized by an advisory team. To evaluate the results of the investigation a circumplex method was used. These results were compared with the characteristics of a learning organization to confirm the hypothesis. As a result it can be stated that colleagues have the same images about their successful organization as the characteristics of learning organizations.
Key words: circumplex model, higher education, knowledge, knowledge management, organizational culture.


The purpose of this study is twofold. How is the use of the hyperbolic language style in the Indonesian Idol 2018 jury? How to use the form and meaning of the hyperbolic language style in the Indonesian Idol 2018 jury. The method used is content analysis. The data collection used in this study is a record and data analysis because the data source is in the form of video. The data elasticity used in this study is the triangulation of data and sources to explore the truth of certain information through the methods and sources obtained by the data. The data analysis technique used in this study uses flow analysis, which includes three components, namely: (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; (3) drawing conclusions. Flow model analysis has three components that are intertwined well, namely before, during and after the implementation of data collection. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that (1) based on the hyperbolic language style in the form and meaning of the hyperbolic language style in the Indonesian Idol 2018 jury there are ways to use the hyperbolic language style, direct and indirect forms in Indonesian Idol 2018 jury commentators totaling 33 jury commentators. In the direct form, it consists of 28 jury commentators and indirectly consists of 8 jury commentators. The purpose of using the hyperbolic language style which means denotative and connotative meaning is so that the message conveyed is easy to understand and does not seem to exaggerate a delivery to others. (2) based on the results of the analysis of the hyperbolic language style, it can be concluded that jury commentators have a variety of language styles. The hyperbolic language style is a style of language that is like a style of language that contains a statement that is excessive in exaggerating something that emphasizes intentionally.


The control of power electronics equipment is mainly to control the on-off condition and duration of the power switch,so the modes of power electronics equipment can be defined by corresponding states and the states can be combined as a Finite State Machine(FSM).Once the concept of FSM is introduced into the control loop of power electronics equipment,the accurate control of power electronics equipment can be achieved by controlling the switching condition of the different states.The modeling,simulation and experiment of Pulse Density Modulation(PDM) with FSM are presented in the paper.The merit of control with FSM,such as easy implementation,simple hardware and flexible control is validated,so the control method with FSM is suitable for control of power electronics equipment and is a recommendable modeling and control method.


This paper presents an energy-efficient VLSI architecture for 8×8 2-D DCT, which relies on a fast and precise implementation of the LLM algorithm. The energy-efficiency is achieved by using a combinational 1-D DCT block that explores the algorithm's intrinsic parallelism and the integer constant multiplications. The target throughput of 19 Mpixels/s, which is required for VGA@30fps, is achieved by applying a 4.9 MHz clock, that corresponds only to 17.5% of the maximum clock. Synthesis results for a 350 nm technology estimate total power as 6.08 mW, and core area as 2.1 mm2. The proposed architecture shows to be at least 42% more energy efficient than the related work. To further investigate the efficiency on deep submicron technology nodes, synthesis for 90 nm and 45 nm were also performed.


The Puget Sound Health Alliance in Washington seeks to improve the quality of health care by 1) using guidelines for evidence-based medicine to develop performance reports and 2) aligning incentives in purchasing and consumer decision-making to promote quality and reduce costs. The group's current focus is on developing and disseminating the region's first set of public comparison reports on health care providers across the five counties the alliance represents. By providing the necessary information and tools, the alliance and its participating organizations believe they will be able to align incentives between the supply and demand sides of the health care system and support overall quality improvement. Instrumental to the alliance's successes to date include strong leadership, interdisciplinary teamwork, collaboration among stakeholders, and willingness to compromise. Nevertheless, the alliance faces many challenges, including pressure to produce a long-awaited public report; keeping its stakeholder base invested; and balancing stakeholder needs and concerns. Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. This report and other Fund publications are available online at www.commonwealthfund.org. To learn more about new publications when they become available, visit the Fund's Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 1055.


Presents the findings of a study conducted to examine the efficiency of the combined anaerobic‐aerobic reactors for the treatment of three different tannery industrial wastewaters, focusing on the fate of chromium and other associated metals. Examines elimination rates of such metals with respect to each successive treatment process. Discusses the correlation between the chemical characteristics of the wastewater influent and effluent along with the level of heavy metals in such wastewater and the produced sludge. Confirms that the use of such sludge in agriculture should be restricted and recommends the recovery of Cr from the tanning sludge.


This document describes a system where advertisers do not need to create multiple variations of an advertisement for targeting different sets of users. The system includes utilizing machine learning algorithms to generate a dedicated model to generalize user interests (e.g., as opposed to a rule based approach). The machine learning algorithms and model can be applied to a large scale of users to provide coverage on personalized advertisements. As the advertisement is generated at query time, additional storage is not needed in the backend. 7 Defensive Publications Series, Art. 802 [2017] http://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/802


Based on the high correlation between the child language acquisition and linguistic theories, this study concerns the interpretive approach of the implicational universals of relativization of simple sentences and the constraints on its acquisition via the initial acquisition of it. The children should firstly acquire the subject relative clause(SRC), then the object, and then the oblique, according to the implicational universals of relativization of simple sentences proposed by Keenan & Comrie(1977), but the sequence of the acquisition of RC types cross-linguistically does not entirely support this prediction. The naturalistic and experimental data of Chinese children in this study show that they firstly acquire ORC, then SRC. However, in both types of data of English children, the acquisition of SRC is significantly earlier than that of ORC. This paper predicts the accessibility of subject and object extractions in different word order languages according to two cognitive principles by Lu(2005), and concludes that noun phrase accessibility hierarchy(NPAH) should be refined into two principles based on the positions of RC and word order among S, V and O. The refined NPAH can explain not only the features of the early acquisition of Chinese and English children, but also the reasons of the existence of NPAH.


Today, there is a considerable amount of scientific literature, which states that festival tourism is a promising type of tourism. The largest places for holding ethnic-style festivals are open-air museums (open-air museums), as well as smaller, but quite popular among fans of traditional cultural ceremonies, rural estates. Among the rich program offers, native manors offer visitors the organization of wedding events with Ukrainian traditional rites to order, and, larger in scale, foreign and domestic scanens hold annual wedding festivals. Wedding festivals have gained special development in the Kyiv region. However, other regions of Ukraine also have a rich cultural wedding ritual, which can be used to create new interesting mass tourist events in open-air museums and rural estates. Among such regions is Chernihiv Oblast, which has a rich historical and cultural heritage, including a unique wedding ceremony. Conventionally, it can be divided into several stages – pre-wedding, wedding and post-wedding.The pre-wedding cycle includes rites related to the consent of young people and their families for marriage: matchmaking or engagements. The actual wedding ritual also contains many interesting elements, for example, baking a korovai and «cones» decorating a «vil'tse» (wedding tree decorated with ribbons). These traditions still followed in the village of Stavyske in Chernihiv Oblast, and the natives of this village willingly return there to perform wedding in the traditional style, as their ancestors once did. Using open-air museums and village estates in ethno-festival tourism of wedding traditions and ceremonies of Chernihiv Oblast can attract tourists, popularize the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, and contribute to the economic revival of Ukrainian villages.


The traditional design method of helical lock-seam culverts in many countries including Australia, United Kingdom and United States is based on hoop ring compression. A research program was initiated by the University of Queensland to investigate the adequacy of the design requirements and performance of helical culverts with low overburden fill. This paper examines the response to a legally loaded vehicle travelling across a 3000mm diameter sinusoidal profile culvert. This culvert was instrumented with pressure transducers, displacement transducers and strain gauges. Depending on location, the strain gauges were configured to record strain on the centroid of the section or strain on the extreme fibres of the profile. This arrangement allowed the hoop force and bending effects to be determined. The test program has measured a significant bending effect in association with a hoop force on the culvert. This paper examines the distribution of the force and bending effects about the circumference of the culvert. There are major differences between the measured behaviour of the culvert from the assumed ring compression design methodology.


There are two general methods for analyzing the color of an object, visual and instrumental, and both are used in medicine. For many years it has been mainly the visual method that has been used for the examinations of patients, whereas color measurement instruments have been used in laboratories. This was due to the high cost of these devices, since they contained a monochromator or other high-precision parts. Furthermore, these instruments were `table models,' fairly heavy, large, and non-portable, and therefore, not easy to operate under clinical conditions. The application of new technologies and the latest hardware and software developments to color measurement systems/sensors has greatly simplified their implementation, increased their speed, and reduced their size and cost, so that colorimetric instrumentation is now practicable in many medical applications. Non-invasive clinical measurements, monitoring techniques, and determinations of very small color differences can now be achieved, giving much better opportunities for making correct diagnoses and identifying illnesses at an earlier stage.


31% of global population use online social networks. These people can be from any class or may be very powerful, or may be world famous personnel, who are very likely to be stalked for inferring private information or people exploiting their privacy. For a better revenue, when any social networking sites sell these huge volume of data for either data mining or analysis to any third party organizations, the privacy of the users are put in danger. Naive anonymization is not effective enough to prevent most of the strategic attacks. Structural attack is kind of strategic attack. Here, using the structural knowledge available to the adversary, he can identify or infer some useful information about individual from a published anonymized social network graph. The available anonymization algorithms to prevent the structural attack are either insufficient or they degrades the data mining quality of the graph. So we consider preserving the data mining quality of the graph while eliminating most vulnerable edges under attack. We develop a privacy preserving strategy based on ant colony optimization which is a type of swam robot intelligence algorithm. We test this algorithm in some publicly available social graphs for checking the quality of the graph before and after anonymization using some known parameter of graphs. General Terms Online Social Network; Security; Internet of things.


Background: Suicide is defined as an act of intentionally causing one's death. Different psychological disorders in cluding depression, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and addiction, and anxiety disorders represent risk factors for suicide. The previous his tory of suicidal attempts is associated with increased risk for future suicide. Methods of suicide and self-harm include the use of poison, misuse of drugs, burning, hanging, self- cut -ting, jumping from bridges. Effective suicidal prevention in cludes stopping access to the common methods of suicide such as drugs and poisons, effective treatment of psychologi cal disorders, and substance abuse; improving the socioeco nomic status and use of health education especially by using mass media. Objective: This study was performed to assess the socio-demographic features of suicidal victims and the trend of suicide in Babylon province and to describe the most common methods of suicide used. Patients and method: Was a retrospective study, and the sample was a total of 72 suicidal death collected from records of Forensic Medicine Center of Babylon province during peri ods of January 2015 to the end of December 2019. The current study includes seventy-two suicid al deaths for five years from January 2015 to the end of December 2019. The mean age of suicidal victims was (25.52 ± 12.51) years the younger one was 11 years and the older one was 68. In the current study 32 cases (44.4%) were below 20 years and 31 cases (43.1%) were between 20-39 years. Most of those victims were male 46 cases (63.9%), most of them 39 cases (54.2%) were from the Hilla (center of Babylon). In the current study hanging was the most com mon method of suicide using, which represents about three quarters (72.2%) of suicidal death (52 cases). Conclusion: Suicide represents an important public health problem in many developing and developed countries and is regarded as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There were increasing trends of suicide in our country as a result of social, economic, and political problems. Hanging was the most common method of suicide.


Burnout syndrome is commonly conceived as resulting from prolonged emotional load. Thus, it was hypothesized that people with certain personality characteristics, which make them more liable to extensive emotional arousal, are likely to be burnout-prone. The personality characteristics chosen were: repression-sensitization (R-S). emotional reactivity (ER), learned resourcefulness (LR), Type A behavior (TAB), and hostility. Also recorded were age and tenure at current job. Subjects for the study were doctors of internal medicine employed in public hospitals. Burnout was found to be positively related to R-S, ER and hostility, and negatively related to LR. No significant results were obtained with TAB. In addition, burnout was negatively (but not significantly) associated with tenure. It was concluded that subjects who display an increased tendency to emotional arousal, and/or lack LR skills, are likely to suffer burnout.


ANOTHER MAJOR topic at this year's conference was nurse education. The political and policy context of nurse education featured heavily, as did work-based learning programmes and students' perceptions, areas that have preoccupied researchers for many years.


The heavy emphasis on statistical rigor that business schools in American universities place on research is questionable in general and, for business schools in China, is not necessarily a good strategy by which either to produce useful research or to distinguish themselves from business schools in the United States. The reasons for this pertain to, first, what statistical analysis is good for in science; second, what statistical analysis is not good for in science; third, what statistical analysis is and is not good for in business research; fourth, how a large sample size is not generalizable but a single case is; fifth, how action research, design research, and Herbert Simon's "sciences of the artificial" all demonstrate rigor without statistics; and finally, the historical context that explains the turn to statistics in American business schools but is irrelevant to China. The recommendation is for business schools in China not necessarily to reject statistical research, but rather, to also pursue other, equally scientific forms of research, including those recognized by Herbert Simon.


Every year, hundreds of thousands of people die from mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Traditional mosquito avoidance methods have been unable to meet people's needs. In recent years, new mosquito-repellent lamps, mosquito-repellent fabrics and other anti-mosquito means have begun to enter public life. In this paper, the extract of wormwood was used as the plant source material of repellent. It was added into the polyester spinning solution and then blended with bamboo fiber to make the yarn which have mosquito-proof property. After determining the raw material of the top yarn,the raw material of bottom yarn, the fabric structure and the interweaving ratio of mosquito-proof yarn and ordinary yarn, level, 12 fabrics were designed according to the quasihorizontal additional orthogonal test, and the comfort properties of the fabrics were tested. The comfort properties of the fabrics included thermal resistance, air permeability and moisture absorption. Find out the best fabric design process, and provide a favorable basis for the research and application of seamless knitted fabric with mosquito-proof fiber.


The paper aims to provide information about the framework of the traceability of fish and fish products and the implementation of the traceability systems in the Romanian fish industry. The research is based on the results of the empirical studies conducted in Romania regarding the barriers and incentive factors that that influences Romanian fish industry to adopt the traceability system and the Romanian consumers to be aware about its importance.


This research focuses on the development of a rule-based intelligent equipment trouble-shooting and maintenance platform using JAVA Expert System Shell (JESS) technology. A prototype system is designed and developed combining rule-based knowledge system and inference engine to support real-time collaborative equipment maintenance across geographical boundary. The main modules of the system include diagnosis knowledge management, project (or case) management and system administration. The knowledge management module consists of key functions such as knowledge type definition, knowledge component definition, document definition, mathematical model definition, rule and rule-set management. The project management module has key functions such as project definition, project's role management, project's function management and project's rule-set execution. Further, a Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) production equipment diagnosis and maintenance system is designed and implemented to demonstrate the intelligent maintenance capability. The prototype system enhances agility of TFT-LCD collaborative manufacturing processes with real-time equipment diagnosis and maintenance.


This article aims to improve understanding of human reproductive system material by using padlet applications. This is a digital literacy application for class IX students at the UNP Laboratory Development Junior High School. Padlet application is an online learning application that is synchronous online. In learning by using the padlet application, students and teachers can be present together in one learning platform. This research is a classroom action research (action research) with quantitative descriptive data processing techniques. The results of this study indicate an increase in student literacy, both data literacy and technological literacy by using padlet applications in science learning, especially material for the human reproductive system. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes from the first meeting to the third meeting


A detailed structure analysis for the site-diluted $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{n}}_{x}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{4\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ ($x=0.25$, 0.41, and 0.88) has been carried out through complex modeling of the neutron total scattering data. We present quantitative evidence showing the local ferromagnetic cluster size extending to \ensuremath{\sim}8 \AA{} on average when $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{n}}_{0.88}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{3.12}\mathrm{N}$ undergoes the spin-glass transition (the other two not showing such a transition). The modeling methodology used in this work involving the corefinement of the nuclear and magnetic structure in both real and reciprocal space can potentially be applied generally to explore a variety of spin-glass material problems.


The interaction of a quantum system with its environment causes decoherence, setting a fundamental limit on its suitability for quantum information processing. However, we show that if the system consists of coupled parts with different internal energy scales then the interaction of one part with a thermal bath need not lead to loss of coherence from the other. Remarkably, we find that the protected part can remain coherent for longer when the coupling to the bath becomes stronger or the temperature is raised. Our theory will enable the design of decoherence-resistant hybrid quantum computers.


Abstract : This paper discusses a generalized resource allocation and program planning model to aid information service managers optimize the value of an information program to their parent organization. The technique which is investigated is goal programming that incorporates both quantitative criteria and ordinal priorities into a common decision making system. It is a particularly powerful tool for dealing with a decision making environment in which there are conflicting goals and objectives. For the model which is described, thirty projects of a proposed operating program are evaluated in terms of fifty goal criteria representing six classes of organizational goals, including (1) the range of available staff for information services, (2) the available budget, (3) the diversity of the overall program, (4) the capability of the information program to provide mandated functions, (5) concentration on basic services and products, and (6) concern over the agency's ability to keep pace with the demands for new and improved products and services.


The spatial distribution of salinized soil along Heihe watershed discussed in this paper.Medicago sativa was planted on this sanlinized soils.The results indicated that alfalfa could obviously improve soil properties as well as soil fertility.Fresh weight of 3-year alfalfa was 55.20t hm~(-2),corresponding to 18.40 t hm~(-2) of dry grass.Compared with CK,the soil water content in 0-20cm layer increased by 90.65 g kg~(-1),and the waterstable of more than 0.25mm and the total porosity increased by 32.34% and 9.06%,respectively.The soil bulk density decreased by 0.24g cm~(-3),soil pH decreased from 8.45 to 8.20 and the total salt content decreased by 4.63g kg~(-1).The desalinization rat reached 56.60% and at the same time,the contents of soil organic matter,available N,available P and available K increased to some extent.


The invention relates to a rubber compound containing no or less than 0.5 phr zinc, which can be used for the manufacture of tyres, the compound being based on at least: a diene elastomer; a sulphur-based crosslinking system; an inorganic filler as reinforcing filler; and a blocked mercaptosilane of the following general formula (I) in which formula (I): R1 which are the same or different, each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group chosen from alkyls, whether linear or branched, cycloalkyls or aryls, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; A represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group chosen from alkyls, whether linear or branched, cycloalkyls or aryls, having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; Z represents a divalently bonded group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and n is an integer equal to 0, 1 or 2.


. This study aims to find out the extrinsic elements and its influences found in the novel story To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. This study used the method of library research, which is the data is described qualitatively. Furthermore, the theory used is Wellek & Warren's theory The Theory of Literature (1956). Based on the analysis, it was found that there are four extrinsic elements in the story, there are (1) Biography of the author which indirectly influenced the story. It can be seen in the similarity of Atticus Finch and Amasa Coleman first career experience, Dill Harris has similarity family problem with Truman Capote, and they both have the same intelligence. (2) Social elements can be divided into two aspects: Personality the author viewed from her environment, and culture aspect, and the culture aspect is the fact that the culture around the author also inspires the author to incorporate it into the story. (3) Psychological of the author is the fact that psychic conditions such as the habits or behaviour of the author also influence the author to include one of the characters in the story. (4) Historical aspect is the fact that the history of American racism inspired the author and incorporated it into the story, thus making the story interesting. It can be said that racism is one of the important factors in this story.


Due to the growing uncertainty and complexity concerning exchange rate changes,foreign exchange risk prevention and management has become a major problem for modern enterprises to resolve.It's suggested that enterprises attach more importance to reserving and cultivating talents good at foreign exchange management,set up an independent department for foreign exchange risk prevention,formulate foreign exchange risk management policy,establish information system for foreign exchange risk management,and make good use of financial instruments to control various kinds of foreign exchange risk.


Review(s) of: An eloquent witness: The sisters of our lady help of Christians, by M. R. McGinley, Strathfield: St Paul's Publications, 2010, pp.186, $49.95.


The final report is to analyze Equity Capital Ratio, Cash Ratio and Profitability Ratios Asset based on the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia No.14 / Per / M.KUKM / XXI / 2009 at USP Cooperative Swamitra Tunas Baru Palembang in 2013 , 2014, and 2015. the results of calculations of its own capital ratio of 41,35, 37,10 and 40,75, which means the cooperative in the year of 2014 experiencing over-investment or over the value of assets that because over the value assets that be had cooperative . The results of calculation of the cash ratio of 13,57, 8.65, and 2.20, which means cooperative assessed as not being able to pay the debt that must be fulfilled. The results of calculation of asset profitability ratio of 3,75, 0,82 and 2,30, which means the total assets of the cooperative is still a non-productive assets. The advice given to the cooperative USP Swamitra Tunas Baru Palembang preferably in cooperation further improve the collection of accounts receivable in the cooperative, the cooperative must prioritize or expanding the number of accounts against members of the total credit extended, and cooperatives take advantage of the amount of cash that is unemployed, by investing can support operational activities of the cooperative


OBJECTIVE: To measure motor and language recovery during the acute stroke period.
BACKGROUND: Studies of stroke recovery have not assessed daily function during acute stroke admission. Little is known about the evolution of deficits over this period.
DESIGN/METHODS: Patients >18 years had UE motor weakness, aphasia, or both, had positive acute-stroke image, and were 24-72 hours post stroke. Patients with hemiparesis received the Fugl-Meyer (FM) Upper Extremity Motor Assessment (max score=66), and aphasic patients received the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) Comprehension subtest (max score=200), and the 15-item Boston Naming Test (BNT). Patients were tested daily for 5 days. Overall recovery was the difference between the first and last assessment.
RESULTS: Among 34 patients, 19 had motor deficits alone, 8 had aphasia alone, and 7 had both. The mean post-stroke time of initial assessment was 2.48 days (SD =0.67). The mean initial FM score was 25.7 (SD=19.9) and improved to 36.2 (SD=22.13) after 5 days (p<0.001). The WAB score improved statistically from a mean of 88.1 (SD 63.8) to 107.6 (SD=75.6)(p<0.001). The mean BNT was statistically unchanged from 5.37 at baseline. To examine individual motor trajectories, the motor patients were divided into 3 groups based on initial impairment (0-22, 23-44, 45-60). In the severe group, some patients made significant recoveries during the acute period, while others made no recovery. In the moderate, nearly all made a statistical recovery. In the mild group, patients were as likely to improve as not. Initial scores on the BNT and WAB did not predict whether significant recoveries were made. Neither lesion volume, nor the mean, day-to-day fluctuations of scores correlated with overall recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: Motor and language recovery for individuals during the acute stroke period was unpredictable, based on initial impairment. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the trajectory of acute stroke recovery. Disclosure: Dr. Lazar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dunn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schweber has nothing to disclose. Dr. Manson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lendaris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marshall has nothing to disclose.


English globalization places people in a dilemma: communicating with the world in English or retaining the national identity. Many countries face the subject of dealing with the contradiction. This article emphasizes how the independent countries constructed their national identities by way of language planning and language policies in the postcolonial era,and the situation in our country is also explored.


4803 Interleukin (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been implicated in a variety of cancers. It has been shown that IL-6 is a survival factor and is involved in the promotion of prostate cancer and also contributes to chemotherapy resistance. This has led to treatments based on the systemic depletion of IL-6 using monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The affinity of a MAb directly affects the neutralisation potency, which suggests that this approach could be improved using very high affinity antibodies. We have developed a method to make recombinant antibodies which can attain affinities 10–1000 fold higher than conventional antibodies, by exploiting the 'chelate' effect. We have selected single chain Fv antibodies (scFvs) which bind to two non-overlapping epitopes of the IL-6, linked by an optimally selected peptide. These antibodies have been characterised and found to be super-high affinity chelating scFvs, and capable of depleting IL-6 from the environment of prostate cancer. Such molecules could rapid...


analog-to-digital adaptive delta modulation adaptive differential pulse code modulation amplitude modulation American National Standards Institute adaptive predictive coding amplitude-phase keying adaptive subband coding asynchronous transfer mode bit error rate or bit error ratio basic exchange telecommunications radio service The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee COder-DECoder continuously variable slope delta modulation digital-to-analog direct current


In this paper a second level mathematical model for the computational simulation of the working process of a 1-kW Stirling engine has been used and the results obtained are presented. The internal circuit of the engine in the calculation scheme was divided into five chambers, namely, the expansion space, heater, regenerator, cooler and the compression space, and the governing system of ordinary differential equations for the energy and mass conservation were solved in each chamber by Euler`s method. In addition, mechanical losses in the construction of the engine have been determined and the computational results show that the mechanical losses for this particular design of the Stirling engine may be up to 50% of the indicated power of the engine.


The paper presents the assessment of organizational and productivity changes in Polish agriculture in the context of selected environmental impacts, i.e. the gross nitrogen balance. To indicate trends, changes between research from 2002-2004 and 2014-2016 were compared. Studies have shown that despite multi-directional changes in the area of particular crop plants and livestock husbandry animals, which have been shaped mainly by economic conditions, environmental pressure from agricultural production has decreased. This occurred despite the process of intensifying average agricultural production on a national scale. This phenomenon shows the improvement of nitrogen efficiency in Poland.


Previous studies regarding the accident implications of shoulder width have been inconclusive and their results contradictory. Engineering guidelines concerning shoulder width have been established, but emphasis is placed on the minimum shoulder width necessary for emergency parking and not on the effects of shoulder width on accident experience. The accident implications of shoulder widht on two-lane roadways in an urban county in Michigan are investigated. Some liability claims against the county road agency have alleged that shoulders, which are at variance with shoulder-width guidelines, are hazardous because they do not adhere to the suggested guidelines. One intent of this paper is to determine whether these allegations are substantiated. Analyses were performed to determine whether there is a significant difference in accident frequency between two-lane roadways that meet shoulder-width guidelines and those that do not meet the guidelines. The results of this research do not support the premise that roadways with wider shoulders have significantly fewer accidents than roadways with narrow shoulders. No significant difference in accident frequency was found between roadways that meet shoulder-width guidelines and those that do not meet the guidelines. Accident data reviewed in this study reveal that shoulder width is not not related to the frequency of overturn accidents, head-on type accidents, or to accident frequency in general, even after traffic volume and other variables are considered. A relation was discovered between the frequency of fixed-object accidents and shoulder width, but the findings indicate that fixed-object accident frequency is significantly lower on roadways with shoulders less than 7 ft wide than it is for roadways with wider shoulders. It was concluded from this research that (a) projects to reduce accident frequency should focus on factors that exhibit greater influence on accident frequency than does shoulder width; and (b) although it is desirable to adhere to current guidelines wherever possible, when undertaking certain types of construction projects it may be acceptable to retain existing shoulders of less than 8 ft in width unless a review of accident data for the project location indicates otherwise. (Author)


The areas and boundaries of application artificial intelligence technologies have not yet been determined to the end, the scale and risks of its application have not been fully investigated. At the same time, the high potential that artificial intelligence possesses when it is correctly applied is indisputable. The paper discusses the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to improve the information security of critical and other information infrastructures based on human-computer technology and model of assessment and monitoring of complex processes.


Significant progress was made in developing a six-component dry model of mid-latitude baroclinic wave evolution, and a ten-component moist model. These models include representations of airflow over mountians and non-adiabatic processes. As a first step, the properties of a reduced, three component, baroclinic system are studied. The classical baroclinic stability criteria emerge as the properties of one of the three equilibria admitted, with the remaining two equilibria forming the attractor region for the observed weather activity. Passive tracer evolution in a baroclinic wave was studied. A model in which only constituents trapped within low atmospheric levels are considered, has been extended to include the possibility for fluxes into the upper levels of the atmosphere. The reported results for the lower levels achieved previously are shown to be qualitatively similar to those obtained by these new calculations in which the vertical flux constraint is removed. An extensive study of an 8-year record of global outgoing longwave radiation for the Northern Hemisphere reveals that blocking events exhibit only a weak signature of blocking highs, as measured by relatively low values of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of the observed long wave outgoing radiation. Though present in many cases, the signature is not a strongly distinctive feature of the blocking episodes.


A fourth-order hyperchaotic hyperjerk system with no equilibria has never been reported, whereas a search for its existence has been an open research problem. A new system in a rare type of 4D seven-term no-equilibrium hyperchaotic systems is proposed and also compared with two existing systems of such a rare type. The proposed system offers 10 concurrent advantages, six of which appear to be superior to both existing systems, that is; 1) the first report of a fourth-order hyperchaotic hyperjerk system with no equilibria; 2) a much simpler circuit based on only 21 electronic components; 3) a higher value of the Lyapunov dimension at 3.2280; 4) a higher value of the largest Lyapunov exponent at 0.2525; 5) a large two-parameter space of hyperchaos; and 6) a boostable variable for offset control. The other four advantages offer either equal or better features, that is; 7) the number of nonlinear terms is two; 8) no potential dangers of multistability; 9) hyperchaos, chaos, and periodic behavior are possible; and 10) attractors are readily hidden attractors. The system is unique in the sense that there are no equilibria in both dynamical and hyperjerk forms.


ABSTRACT Intrinsic kinetic data for propylene hydrogenation over a CoMof Al2 O3 catalyst were measured in a plug-flow integral reactor at atmospheric pressure in the ranges of temperature and propylene concentration similar to industrial processes. The parameters of several Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models derived from postulated corresponding reaction mechanisms were estimated by DFP variable measurement method. It was shown in view of physical meaning, variance and residue analysis that the data could be simulated satisfactorily by power law model and the models derived from the adsorption of only either molecular hydrogen or dissociated hydrogen. A kinetic optimization method which combined diffusion-reaction model, kinetic data, pore-size distribution and tortuosity factor was proposed in this paper to calculate the intraparticle reaction dead region and intraparticle concentration profiles. The method was used to treat hydrogenation reaction and the model values of tortuosity factor were justified...


The problem of atmospheric air pollution is one of the key environmental problems. In order to determine the factors that make the greatest contribution to air pollution and to counter them in a timely manner, it becomes necessary to constantly monitor the air environment. Currently, monitoring is carried out at stationary sources of pollutants, however, the share of pollution by exhaust gases of motor vehicles has increased. Thus, in order to obtain an objective picture, it is necessary to monitor pollution by motor vehicles, which, with the classical approach, using a variety of gas analyzers, is extremely costly. It is proposed to assess the state of the atmosphere indirectly, through calculations, based on the state of weather conditions, terrain, traffic intensity and car models, from which it is possible to obtain information on the type and amount of emitted pollutants. The article discusses the applicability of machine learning algorithms to the problem of predicting the state of air pollution. A review of the main prediction models was carried out, as well as the effectiveness of their application. Model prediction time estimates are obtained for a fixed error value.


AbstractBiot's symmetric indefinite linear systems of equations are commonly encountered in finite-element computations of geotechnical problems. The development of efficient solution methods for Biot's linear systems of equations is of practical importance to geotechnical software packages. In conjunction with the Krylov-subspace iterative method symmetric quasi-minimal residual (SQMR), some zero-level fill-in incomplete factorization preconditioning techniques including a symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) type method and several zero-level incomplete LU [ILU(0)] methods are investigated and compared for Biot's symmetric indefinite linear systems of equations. Numerical experiments are carried out based on three practical geotechnical problems. Numerical results indicate that ILU(0) preconditioners are classical and generally efficient when adequately stabilized. However, the tunnel problem provides a counterexample demonstrating that ILU(0) preconditioners cannot be fully stabilized by prelimin...


Pulsed Power Hydrodynamics, as an application of low-impedance, pulsed power, and high magnetic field technology developed over the last decade to study advanced hydrodynamic problems, instabilities, turbulence, and material properties, can potentially be applied to the study of the behavior and properties of warm dense matter (WDM) as well. Exploration of the properties, such as equation of state and conductivity, of warm dense matter is an emerging area of study focused on the behavior of matter at density near solid density (from 10% of solid density to a few times solid density) and modest temperatures ({approx}1-10 eV). Warm dense matter conditions can be achieved by laser or particle beam heating of very small quantities of matter on timescales short compared to the subsequent hydrodynamic expansion timescales (isochoric heating) and a vigorous community of researchers is applying these techniques using petawatt scale laser systems, but the microscopic size scale of the WDM produced in this way limits access to some physics phenomena. Pulsed power hydrodynamics techniques, either through high convergence liner compression of a large volume, modest density, low temperature plasma to densities approaching solid density or through the explosion and subsequent expansion of a conductor (wire) against a high pressuremore » (density) gas background (isobaric expansion) techniques both offer the prospect for producing warm dense matter in macroscopic quantities. However, both techniques demand substantial energy, proper power conditioning and delivery, and an understanding of the hydrodynamic and instability processes that limit each technique. Similarly, liner compression of normal density material, perhaps using multiple reflected shocks can provide access to the challenging region above normal density -- again with the requirement of very large amounts of driving energy. In this paper we will provide an introduction to techniques that might be applied to explore this interesting new application of the energy-rich technology of pulse power and high magnetic fields.« less


Multibeam antenna (MBA) radiations provide linkages to multiple nodes and can bring enhanced communication quality with reduced power consumption for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this article, a novel method providing a low-cost and flexible MBA solution is proposed. Multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are used as internal excitations of the antenna, and the generated multiple beams are pencil beams with no OAM mode, which is convenient for IoT nodes connection. First, aperture phase distributions that convert incident vortex beams with different and orthogonal topological orders into designated directional pencil beams are acquired and superimposed to form a metasurface aperture that, under excitations of vortex beams with multiple orders, produces multibeam each with a predefined direction. The proposed multibeam method is then illustrated with a transmissive metasurface design, with four beams pointing at arbitrary half-space directions. Techniques, such as OAM modes spacing and aperture partitioning are utilized for reducing sidelobe levels (SLLs). Furthermore, a similar multibeam metasurface antenna with the additional linear-to-circular polarization conversion function is demonstrated, which opens the possibility of utilizing different polarizations on top of the OAM-based multibeam. This article successfully explores and achieves a novel antenna system with multiple radiations suited for multiple IoT nodes accessing with low cost and low energy consumption, and also provides a new degree-of-freedom for OAM applications.


This paper describes the experiment designed to examine the item order of proposition representations of English causational clauses,using sentence-picture verification task.It is found that English native language readers tend to build up their proposition representations for compound sentences in the form of "effect→cause" order,no matter what order in the causational clauses is used.This result indicates that English readers probably have a series of cognitive processing according to inherent directionality of "effect→cause" when they read English causational clauses.


The drag force acting on a body moving in a fluid has two components, friction drag due to fluid viscosity and form drag due to flow separation behind the body. When present, form drag is the most significant between the two. In many applications, streamlining effectively prevents flow separation, fast vehicle aerodynamics being the archetypal example. As shown here, when the operating fluid is water, e.g. for large container ships or underwater vehicles, a promising technique is to decorate the walls of the body with superhydrophobic surfaces. These surfaces entrap gas bubbles in their asperities, avoiding the direct contact of the liquid with the wall. Superhydrophobic surfaces have been largely studied for reducing friction drag. Rather unexpectedly, they are shown here to be also extremely effective in reducing/preventing flow separation, thereby reducing the form drag. Their conceptual effectiveness is demonstrated by exploiting numerical simulations of turbulent flows over a bluff obstacle fixed over a wall. The approach envisaged here could pave the way to new and powerful techniques for drag reduction on large bluff bodies moving in the water.


What the traitors had done in the Sino-Japanese War,to a great extent,facilitated the Japanese aggression and their rule in the occupied territories,and more or less led to the defeat of the Chinese army.Although the Qing government adopted a series of measures to punish the traitors,yet the effect was far from being satisfactory.Political corruption,undeveloped economy,poorly-equipped army,together with the traitors' acts of treason,brought about the defeat of Qing army in the Sino-Japanese war.


The morbidity and lethality of tuberculosis is partially the result of an ineffective delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction which causes caseating granulomas in the lung and other organs. Recently we showed that during caseation besides macrophages numerous Fas+ FasL+ lymphocytes undergo apoptosis and postulated that this phenomenon may be due to activation‐induced cell death (AICD) as a consequence of T‐lymphocyte reactivation via bacillary antigens. As purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb‐PPD) provokes caseation in tuberculosis patients, the question arose as to whether bacillary antigens are responsible for AICD within caseous areas. In the present study Mtb‐PPD‐specific T helper 1 (Th1)‐differentiated T lymphocytes were generated in vitro. Reactivation of these cells with Mtb‐PPD resulted in a concentration‐dependent hyporesponsiveness, which was due to an increase in apoptosis of γδ+, αβ+ CD4+ as well as αβ+ CD8+ T lymphocytes as assessed by the demonstration of the apoptosis‐associated mitochondrial membrane protein 7A6 and DNA fragmentation. Blocking experiments demonstrated that Mtb‐PPD antigens exploited the Fas/FasL system to induce apoptosis in Mtb‐PPD‐specific T lymphocytes. These results may support the hypothesis that in tubercle granulomas with caseation T lymphocytes undergo AICD following reactivation by bacillary antigens, thus contributing to the persistence of tuberculosis.


The investigation into the "intervention of Social Work on the routes care of domestic violence four public institutions", as are the Colombian Family Welfare Institute (ICBF), through the Centre Zonal Martyrs, the commissioner of the Family District Casona in the Ciudad Bolivar, the Center for Care of Victims of domestic violence (CAVIF) Santafe Town and the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences located in the town in Santafe Bogota; purported investigate the involvement of professional social work from different components of the intervention in the "path of institutional care of domestic violence," closer to the institutions and individuals who are part of the social context of the family.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to exemplify how Mr Surya Kant, President of North American, UK and European Operations in Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), leads and grows a complex global company by adopting and operationalizing a global mindset.Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies a social constructionist interview method, which focuses upon the reflectivity of the research in critically constructing meaning from qualitative data collected through personal interviews. The paper links information gleaned from a semi‐structured interview with Mr Kant to a theoretical discussion of the construct of global mindset. In so doing, it demonstrates the paradox of complexity in global leadership and illustrates the applicability of theory in global leadership practice.Findings – This paper aids in making the case for the application of an inductive qualitative methodology by showing that inductive approaches to business research have, as their base, the lived experiences of people operating in ...


Total 610 public functionaries in Nanjing in this study.T score,Z score,bone strength index and fracture risk were measured in calcaneus using Sonost 2000 ultrasound bone densitometer.There were significant differences in T score,bone strength index and fracture risk between 40~50 and 30~40 age groups in the same sex(P0.05 or P0.01);absolute value of Z score of 50~60 age groups significantly smaller than other age groups in male(P0.01).There were no significant differences in each index in the same age group in male or female(P0.05);bone mineral density of male in the same age group is better than female's.Attenuation of apparent period is able to be more effective for raising and minimizing the loss of public functionaries' bone mineral density.


The paper deals with type material of two species of the genus Butyriboletus, which were described from the Czech Republic, originally as Boletus regius (Krombholz 1983) and Boletus fechtneri (Velenovský 1922). For both species lectotypes are designated, for B. fechtneri also an epitype. The authors present macroand microscopic descriptions of these species based on the study of rich material including collections from the area of the type localities. Characters distinguishing both species from similar taxa are discussed.


Summary Two experiments were carried out to determine endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in steers and lambs, and to investigate the relationship between microbial nucleic acid input and urinary excretion of purine nitrogen. The endogenous excretion of allantoin after conversion of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid to allantoin, was calculated to be 72 and 26 mg/kg W0·75 per day in steers and lambs, respectively, when the dietary protein contained no nucleic acid nitrogen. The excretion of purine derivatives increased linearly with increasing microbial nucleic acid input in lambs. The excretion of purine derivatives in excess of endogenous contribution was closely related to the theoretically expected values. The average recovery was calculated as 0·96 for one sheep and 1·0 for the other.


In order to overcome the problems in noise evaluation,a new fuzzy recognition model was proposed to evaluate the noise quality,which combined with the rank eigenvalues.The model overcomes some shortcomings in conventional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,such as maximum degree of membership principle,operator and membership function.The rank eigenvalues not only reflect the sample properties but also make each sample comparable to the same standard.A case study was conducted in Jilin province.In the case study,the rank eigenvalues of regional noise,road traffic noise and noise at function area were calculated.The final comprehensive evaluation was obtained by averaging above rank eigenvalues.It showed that the environmental noise quality had been improved since 1990s in Jilin province.


ver the last quarter ce nt u ry, dissolution te s ting has emerged as a highly valuable in-vitro test to chara cte ri ze the pe rfo rm a n ce of a dosage fo rm .The po p u l a ri ty of dissolution te s ting is based on the fact that solubilization of a d rug in gastro i ntestinal fluid is a pre re q u i s i te fo r the drug to be absorbed and available to the systemic circ u l at i o n .The dissolution testing is pe rfo rmed as a re l at i vely fast and inex pe n s i ve te c hnique to eva l u ate pharm a ce u t i cal dosage fo rm s be fo re they are te s ted in clinical tri a l s. It is pru d e nt to have exte n s i ve dissolution data to maximize the c h a n ces for success in bioava i l a b i l i ty testing in h u m a n s. Dissolution testing can be used: (1) to dete ct the i n f l u e n ce of cri t i cal fo rm u l ation and manufact u ri n g va riables in Fo rm u l ation & Deve l o p m e nt and Re s e a rch & Deve l o p m e nt ; (2) to assist in select i o n of a best fo rm u l at i o n ; (3) to check the changes during stability studies; (4) to establish final dissolution s pe c i f i cations for the pharm a ce u t i cal dosage fo rm ; (5) to develop IVIVC [1]; (6) as a quality co nt rol too l ; and (7) to establish the similari ty of pharm a ce u t i ca l dosage fo rm s, for which co m po s i t i o n ,m a n u f a ct u ring site, s cale of manufact u re, m a n u f a ct u ri n g p rocess and/or equipment may have changed within defined limits [2,3]. Dissolution testing can be used as a surrog ate fo r b i o ava i l a b i l i ty and bioe q u i va l e n ce under some conditions such as minor fo rm u l ation or equipm e nt changes, multiple strengths of the same dru g p rod u ct, m a n u f a ct u ring site changes, b atc h s ca l e – u p, and justifying dissolution spe c i f i cat i o n range [4]. In some ca s e s, b i o ava i l a b i l i ty needs to be d e m o n s t rated only 'if the prod u ct fails to achieve a d e q u ate dissolution when co m p a red to a stand a rd' [ 5 ] .The US FDA re q u i res that dissolution dat a be included for a new drug application (NDA) and an abbrev i ated new drug application (ANDA) submission for bioe q u i va l e n ce rev i e w. To the pharm a ce u t i cal re s e a rchers invo l ved in dissolution testing of dosage fo rm s, the similari ty f a ctor f2 is not unkn ow n . After int rod u ction of this f a ctor by Moo re and Flanner [6], it has been adopted by the Ce nter for Drug Eva l u ation and Re s e a rc h (US FDA) and by Human Medicines Eva l u ation Un i t of The Eu ro pean Ag e n cy for the Eva l u ation of Medicinal Prod u cts (EMEA) as a cri te rion for the a s s e s s m e nt of the similari ty be tween two dissolution pro f i l e s. It is included in va rious guidance docu m e nts [2, 3 ,7 9 ] . The similari ty factor f2 as defined by FDA and EMEA is a log a rithmic re c i p rocal square root tra n sfo rm ation of one plus the mean squared (the ave rage sum of squares) diffe re n ces of drug pe rce nt d i s s o l ved be tween the test and re fe re n ce prod u ct s :


In this paper, we briefly describe a general approach to simulating a novel method for detecting the effect of chirality in weak bianisotropic media. The basis of the proposed approach is the use of polarized isolated slots in the waveguide to detect the polarization plane rotation, due to the object gyrotropy. The main results of the work are presented in the form of a concept diagram, the use of which increases the simulation efficiency. One of the most important conclusions of the present work is the possibility of an effective full-scale experiment design. The most generalized formulation of the problem allows one to use it in a huge number of both theoretical and practical applications.


Most pesticides mixing devices adopt open-loop control mode, its mixing precision is affected by undesired signal of mixing medicine line and the precision of pesticide injection equipment.In this paper the online pesticides mixing technology with closed-loop liquid injection method and the concentration tested as the feedback signal was studied in order to obtain the high efficiency and low cost online pesticides mixer. A pesticide mixing ratio detection method and equipment based on light permeability of pesticides, a pesticide injection device controlled by PWM duty cycle and a low power consumption control unit based on single chip microcomputer MSP430F149 are designed in the research. With these units above, an online pesticide mixer with mixing ratio feedback is constructed and a fixed-point tracking experiment on the Paraquat SL mixing pesticide and water by 1:200 is conducted. The result shows that the online pesticide mixer can acquire mixing ratio information in time,automatically adjust injection volume of pesticides and accurately tracks the set of mixing ratio. The error of mixing ratio relatively less than 4.3% and the regulating time not more than 2.6s.These mean that without flowmetre controlling the technological device can realize mixing pesticide online quickly with high precision ,and the device should be economical and practical, easy to generalize, in addition ,it reduced environment pollution and operators poison risk generated by pesticide spraying.


This paper describes a 1V, 1GHz low-noise phase locked-loop (PLL) using a noise-rejected voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCO). In order to improve the power consumption and oscillation frequency of the PLL, we design the VCO with a new structure of the delay cell. This VCO consists of four-stage fully differential delay cells with the pre-charged scheme that can obtain the characteristics of high speed and low voltage operation. And the bias generator circuit can increase the tuning range and tuning linearity of VCO. The HSPICE simulation results are based upon TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m 1P6M N-well CMOS process. The simulation results show that the VCO can operate from 50 to 1100 MHz, and when the input control voltage is 0.6V, the oscillation frequency is 1GHz. The power consumption of the PLL is 1.092mW at a supply voltage of 1V.


The bottom tapping induction furnace for reducing the large nonmetallic inclusion, has been developped, with the gas atomizing process, so called IFB (Induction Furnace Bottom Tapping) process, instead of conventional tilting furnace process.Result in this report.(1) The large inclusion more than 10μm, is extremely reduced by IFB process, compared with conventional process.This phenomenon is due to the decrease of the inclusion involved from the tilting furnace to the tundish.(2) The bending strength is improved by the decrease of the large inclusion, in particularly right angle of the rolling direction.(3) Moreover numbers of defect of cold roll material, are reduced in rolling size more than 30mm, at ultrasonic test.(4) Only one problem of the IFB process is the large standard deviation with the particle size distribution.Now, we have researched the new process for improving this problem.


The effects of different forming and annealing sequences on resultant grain size were investigated for several materials. Deep drawing as well as forging techniques were employed during the course of this study. One evaluation was additionally performed to determine the contribution of size effects.


Electronic spectra of C7−, C9−, and C11− were measured in the gas phase for the first time using resonance-enhanced detachment. The band origin of the transition to the lowest excited state for each of these three anions was determined. For C7− and C9−, several other higher excited states were also detected. The 000 transitions for a series of linear chain anions from C5− to C11− were compared with those previously reported for even-numbered series. Slight differences were noted between the even- and odd-numbered series.


In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of rings which we call semireversible rings. A ring R is called semireversible if for any a,b ∈ R,ab = 0 implies there exists a positive integer n ...


We describe a case of contact stomatitis due to a surgical pack.A 61-year-old woman had the upper right first premolar extracted by a local dentist on January 22, 1999. Thereafter, she had pain associated with gingival recession at the upper right canine. For treatment, surgical packs were applied to the upper right canine region on February 17. From February 20, swelling developed in the right upper lip and cheek and reddening and pain developed at the right margin of the tongue. The patient was referred to our department on February 23. The swelling was edematous, and blood examination found no signs of inflammation. Interview of the patient suggested an allergic reaction to the surgical pack. We therefore referred the patient to the department of dermatology to undergo patch testing. There were no abnormalities with the powder and control, but reddening was noted 48 hours after the liquid had been applied to the skin of the back (evaluated as +), and blisters were seen after 72 hours (evaluated as+3). These findings resulted in a diagnosis of contat stomatitis caused by the surgical pack liquid.


Abstract Generally speaking, the relations between different states of the world, but especially between the states that represent world powers or have a certain type of arsenal, are able to influence the stability and the state of calmness from a certain region of the world, but also the notion of peace at the globally level. The 2020 year began with such a situation, in the sense that United States of America and Iran, which have been for a long period in relations not among the most well, have arrived at a moment that could represent, to a very large extent, the starting point of a conflict that will enter in the world history. The elimination of a very important Iranian general by US troops in early January 2020, by a surprise attack amonk Iraqian teritory, markedly aggravated relations between the United States of America and Iran, but also between the great world power and Iraq or other major global players who have harshly criticized the US attack.


We propose a new exact method for solving bilevel 0-1 knapsack problems. A bilevel problem models a hierarchical decision process that involves two decision makers called the leader and the follower. In these processes, the leader takes his decision by considering explicitly the reaction of the follower. From an optimization standpoint, these are problems in which a subset of the variables
must be the optimal solution of another (parametric) optimization problem. These problems have various applications in the field of transportation and revenue management, for example. Our approach relies on different components. We describe a polynomial time procedure to solve the linear relaxation of the bilevel 0-1 knapsack problem. Using the information provided by the solutions generated by this procedure, we compute a feasible solution (and hence a lower bound) for the problem. This bound is used together with an upper bound to reduce the size of the original problem. The optimal integer solution of the original problem is computed using dynamic programming. We
report on computational experiments which are compared with the results achieved with other state-of-the-art approaches. The results attest the performance of our approach.


Under the influence of state policy and Bologna Process,school system,teacher promotion,and evaluation in Norwegian research universities have been changed.From the autumn of 2007,the school system of "3+2+3" has been adopted in all Norwegian research universities,but at the same time,the problem pertaining to the research universities quality become the focus of the society with the transition of the new school system.


This paper presents the implementation of a cooperative prey hunting strategy for a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) inspired by the collective behavior of fish and predators. The swarm of UAVs are modelled using diffusion and adaptation algorithms, which enable self-organization and create mobile adaptive networks. Nodes in the mobile adaptive networks interact with each other locally to solve issues of distributed processing and inference. The predator motion is modelled using a state transition model. The study provides insights into the dynamic network structures that arise during interactions between a swarm of fish and predators. The dynamic model of the swarm of fish and predators are modeled using the unicycle model on a coplanar surface. A Lyapunov-based Backstepping controller is designed to ensure that the UAVs track their trajectories accurately. From the simulation results, it can be observed that both the swarm UAVs and the predator successfully tracks the designed navigation path while foraging, evading, and attacking, mimicking the air combat scenario.


The individual and combined effects of beta-cyclodextrin and Tween 80 (surfactant) on the solubility and dissolution rate of aceclofenac were evaluated in a 2(2)-factorial study. The solubility of aceclofenac in the four selected fluids containing beta-cyclodextrin and Tween 80, as per 2(2)-factorial study, was determined. The solubility of aceclofenac was markedly enhanced by beta-cyclodextrin (1.57 fold), Tween 80 (7.91 fold) individually as well as combinedly (10.5 fold). Both the individual and Combined effects were significant (p < 0.05). Aceclofenac-beta-cyclodextrin complexes with and without Tween 80 were prepared by kneading method and were evaluated for dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency (DE(15)) as per a 2(2)-factorial design. beta-Cyclodextrin alone gave marked enhancement in the dissolution rate and DE(15) of aceclofenac. The main effect of beta-cyclodextrin and the combined effect of beta-cyclodextrin and Tween 80 in enhancing the dissolution rate were significant (p < 0.05). Though Tween 80 has increased the solubility of aceclofenac, it has not significantly enhanced the dissolution rate of aceclofenac.


The analysis of 500 electrocardiograms, persons older than 15 years, helped to clarify the prevalence of absolute and relative shortening of the PQ in the adult population. With the help of the index PQs may allocate a risk of sudden cardiac arrhythmias tachycardia, determine the extent of this risk, the highlight of a group of individuals with a shorter interval PQ persons without the risk of arrhythmias during tachycardia. PQs index to track the dynamics of the ECG during treatment – preventive measures in addressing the causes which led to a shortening of the interval PQ. The presence of a normal index PQs eliminates the risk of intracardiac hemodynamic conflict in individuals with shorter intervals of PQ and therefore eliminates the risk of sudden cardiac arrhythmia tachycardia. Index PQs, allowing to differentiate individuals at risk of cardiac arrhythmias and without it, makes it possible to streamline the process of prevention of cardiac failure in physical education at school.


Background/Objectives: To investigate the effect of silicon on structural, mechanical and magnetic properties of arc melted Fe-Si-Al sendust alloys. Our work focuses on studying the effect of Si on Fe lattice parameter, lattice strain and crystallite size. Variation of Vickers micro-hardness (HV) and magnetic susceptibility (with Si content and temperature) have also been investigated. Methods: Scanning Electronic Microscopy analysis confirmed high-density sendust materials synthesized by arc melting. However, analysis of x-ray diffraction data on arc-melted sendust samples were used to calculate the lattice parameters, lattice strain and crystallite size. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed using the Faraday balance technique, whereas Vickers micro hardness (HV) tests were proceeded using a Digital Micro- Vickers Hardness Tester (HVD-1000). Findings: Increasing silicon enhances significantly Vickers micro-hardness (HV). Magnetic susceptibility, under 0.5T, showed a composition and temperature dependent behaviour over Si content. Si decreases the lattice parameter of α-Fe solid solution matrix since it occupies substitution sites, decreases the crystallite size by retarding its growth during cooling.


The invention relates to a method for molding a cable bundle of a two-dimensional rotation mechanism and belongs to the technical field of high-frequency signal transmission. The method comprises the following steps of: placing a cable A in the centre; allowing a cable B to surround the cable A to obtain a cable bundle; and binding the obtained cable bundle in a segmental way and molding. The method in the invention avoids the loss of high-frequency signals in a transmission process and mutual interference with the high-frequency signals during transmission in a two-dimensional space; and the stress of the cable bundle is concentrated and small in a twisting and bending process, so that the wear of the cable bundle is small.


The Gross-Pitaevskii(GP) equation is a nonlinear Schr odinger equation that was introduced in the early sixties [1]{[3]as a phenom enologicalequation forthe order param eter in super uid He4. It has com e into prom inence again because ofrecent experim ents on Bose-Einstein condensation ofdilute gases in m agnetic traps. The paper[4]bringsan up to datereview ofthesedevelopm ents. Oneoftheinputsneeded forthejusti cation oftheGP equation startingfrom the m any body Ham iltonian istheground stateenergy ofa a dilute,therm odynam ically in nite,hom ogeneousBose gas. The form ula forthisquantity isolderthan the GP equation butithasonlyveryrecentlybeen derived rigorouslyforsuitableinterparticle


Background: Since COVID-19 learning has been limited and shifted to online learning. Teacher creativity in learning is needed to strengthen student learning outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effect of using comics on student learning outcomes on the material of the human digestive system. Methods: A quasi-experimental research was used on forty-two junior high school students who were randomly selected. Multiple choice tests are used to obtain student learning outcomes. Free sample t-test was used to compare student learning outcomes in comic and non-comic classes. Results: The findings revealed that the average student learning outcomes were better when they were taught using comics than non-comics (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning with the application of comic media in science subjects on the human digestive system material has an influence on learning outcomes, with the difference in student learning outcomes in the experimental class being higher than in the control class.
Keywords : Comic, Science Learning, Pandemic, Human Digestive System


The extant literature showed that the relationship between advertising and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is widely researched. However, there is a paucity of literature on the effect of different facets of advertising, as well as moderators on the performance of SMEs. Also, there is a paucity of research of this nature in the context of emerging economies like Nigeria. Therefore, the current research intends to fill this gap and investigate the relationship between four (4) different facets of advertising (traditional advertising, advertising cost, advertising quality, and internet adverting) and the performance of small business enterprises in Katsina, Nigeria. In establishing a relationship among variables, the study adopts a quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design. Accordingly, the data of 208 respondents was obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Based on the result, the study found that both traditional advertising, advertising cost, advertising quality, and internet adverting have a positive significant effect on the performance of small business enterprises. As well, the study has confirmed the moderating effect of internet advertising on the relationship between traditional advertising and performance. However, the same effect was not found in the relationship between advertising cost, advertising quality, and performance. Hence, it is recommended that SMEs that seek to achieve an optimum level of performance, must embrace both traditional and internet modes of advertising, and as well, amortize advertising cost (expenditure) and add quality to advertising programs.


Housefly, Musca domestica, is considered responsible for transmitting a wide variety of human and veterinary diseases. Mostly, insecticides are being used for their control and more commonly, pyrethroid insecticides worldwide. However, resistance has been reported against various pyrethroid insecticides. Houseflies become resistant by two major mechanisms, i.e., target site insensitivity through knockdown resistance gene mutation (kdr) and enzyme detoxification. Thus, the current study was designed to monitor the frequency of pyrethroid resistance gene kdr in housefly populations of District Jhang. The flies were collected from seven sampling sites and then reared in the lab for molecular and biochemical assays. The amplification of template DNA was performed for knockdown resistance gene through the outer primers kdr1 and kdr4, and the inner primers kdr1 and kdr2 using PASA (PCR Amplification of Specific Alleles) method which specifically amplify the domain-II of kdr gene. Three populations were found homozygous susceptible (+/+; 42.85%), whereas two populations were found genetically homozygous resistant (−/−; 28.57%) which are insensitive to pyrethroid insecticides. Similarly, two populations were found heterozygous (+/−; 28.57%) for kdr suggesting thereby that at least 1/4th homozygous-resistant (−/−) housefly populations with insensitivity to pyrethroids would be produced in the future keeping in view the Mendelian ratio. Biochemical assay showed that homozygous-resistant populations had increased activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-Carboxylesterases (α-Carboxyl), β-Carboxylesterase (β-Carboxyl), Alkaline Phosphatase (AkP), and Acidic Phosphatase (AcP) enzymes. In addition, heterozygous populations also showed increased activities of these enzymes. The current results would not only help avoid the indiscriminate load of insecticides onto the environment but also serve as a hallmark for the management of housefly populations in target areas in the future.


In this paper, several series of high conductivity high strength copper alloys developed in our institute were comprehensively introduced. These alloys were used as resistance welding electrodes, continuous casting moulds, rotor wedges for large scale turbo generator and stressed current carrying partsetcs.


The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is first and foremost a disarmament treaty, which aims to destroy existing stocks of Chemical weapons (CW) and prevent Chemical rearmament under international supervision. The treaty is extremely complex, because many Chemicals it covers have important legitimate civilian applications, while many of the civilian Chemical manufacturing plants and research establishments could easily be converted for CW development and production. Over the past decades the Chemical industry has established itself across the world. For many developing countries, the Chemical sector has become an important component of economie, scientific and technological progress. The knowledge and capability to manufacture CW have thus spread beyond the countries that held or currently hold CW stocks. To generate confidence in the global security regime established by the CWC these industries too have to be submitted to international verification. Universal adherence to the treaty will greatly strengthen the conventional norm. The CWC must therefore attract the ratifications of States that do not possess CW or have not been exposed to CW threats. Article XI of the CWC provides such an incentive by requesting ail States parties to implement the CWC in a manner which avoids hampering the economie or technological development of other States parties, and international co-operation in the fleld of Chemical activities for purposes not prohibited under the convention. In addition, Article VI grants States parties the right to have access to certain dual-use Chemical compounds and technologies for purposes it does not prohibit. Eventually, States parties will be forbidden to export some of these commodities to non-states parties, while other Chemicals will be subjected to an export control regime specified in the convention.


[Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training.


Abstract SELECTION programs for the improvement of turkeys have placed relatively heavy emphasis on increased body weight and fleshing characteristics. This objective is understandable since turkeys are raised entirely for meat. With this trend toward heavy, broad breasted birds the accompanying changes in reproductive ability, if not negative, have been minimal increases. Although the interests of growers and hatching egg producers may be somewhat different, their interests so overlap that the genetic-economic value of turkeys is a function of the various characters which affect their different enterprises. The breeder, in this case, is interested in developing superior meat birds with a high reproductive rate. This may be desirable economically, but the genetic relationship between traits may prevent attaining the maximum improvement that would be possible if each character were independent of other characters. The problem becomes one of placing the correct relative emphasis on different characters so as to maximize the …


Microwave motion detector comprising: transmitting means to transmit microwave signals under test space; receiving means for receiving a reflected microwave signal is reflected back to the test space; a signal processing means processes the reflected microwave signal received by the receiving means, the test to determine whether there is space in the disturbance, the signal processing means generating the microwave signal; and a path switching means, coupled to the signal processing device and the transmitting device, the path switching means so that the plurality of microwave signal passes transmission path having a different phase shift.


We investigated the biogas production potential of dairy cattle manure obtained from the Fort Hare Dairy Farm, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A balloon type digester was charged with slurry of manure and operated under anaerobic digestion mode for six months. Fifty milliliters of slurry was withdrawn at different time intervals to analyze the microbial counts and physicochemical parameters by viable plate count method and standard methods, respectively. Data demonstrated that the pH and temperature ranged from 5.68-7.63 and 17.0 -25.04 o C, respectively. The total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria counts ranged from1.0 ×10 4 -7.5×10 6 and 4 ×10 2 -1.8×10 6 cfu/g, respectively, as well as the total yeast counts ranged from 2x10 2 - 1.0×10 6 cfu/g. A linear regression model was developed that predicted the relationship between log total bacteria count and average slurry temperature, pH and days of digestion. The 11.2% TS, 61.5% VS and 32.5 % ash content of the manure indicated that the dairy manure constituted of biodegradable portion. Biogas (4600cm 3 ) was produced during digestion and was combustible after 120 days. Thus, we concluded that dairy manure harbors a considerable level of anaerobic bacteria and methanogens that participated effectively to degrade the organic portion of manure generating renewable energy.


Bacteremia due to Capnocytophaga sputigenaoccurred in a 4-year and 9-month-old Japanese girl patient with acute erythroblastic leukemia in Shinshu University Hospital, Japan. On her admission to the hospital, she had a temperature of 38.2°C with canker sore. Prior to the commencement of chemotherapy, peripheral blood culture was carried out with the BacT/Alert 3D System ver. 4.00D (bioMerieux Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) using both the PF and the SN bottles. At 48 hrs of incubation, the System showed the positive sign only in the anaerobic SN bottle for bacterial growth. The strain isolated from the SN bottle was morphologically, biochemically, and genetically characterized, and finally identified as Capnocytophaga sputigena. The causative Capnocytophaga sputigenaisolate was found to be a β-lactamase-producer demonstrating to possess cfxA3gene. The gene responsible for the production of CfxA3-β-lactamase was proved to be chromosome-encoded, by means of southern hybridization analysis. This was the first case of bacteremia caused by chromosome-encoded CfxA3-β-lactamase-producing Capnocytophaga sputigena.


An analytical theory is developed of the nonlinear stage of the Jeans instability in a cold nondissipative gas in an expanding Universe. It is shown that the growth of this instability creates a giant dark-matter halo, of 200 kpc size, around galaxies. This halo has a density singularity described by ρ r-α, where α ≈ 1.7–1.9. A comparison is made of this analytic theory with the results of numerical simulations and a good agreement between them is demonstrated. Analytic dynamic solutions are used to develop a statistical method for calculation of the correlation functions of galaxies and galaxy clusters. The theory is compared with the available observational data. The physical consequences of the proposed theory are considered.


High yield and rapid fermentation of alcohol are the aims of alcohol fermentation industry.However,up to now,there is no report concerning the use of high concentration sucrose as the stock for alcohol fermentation.Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in laboratory could be directly applied for ethanol fermentation using sucrose solution 30%(w/v).The fermentation period is only 2d~3d and the concentration of ethanol could reach 17.08%vol,which was a promising way to produce ethanol with sucrose.


ABSTRACT The maintenance of flood mitigation levees in the U.S. and elsewhere, has often found to be insufficient. Recent U.S. levee safety inspections have discovered substantial deficiencies in many federally monitored levees resulting in some of them being assigned an 'unacceptable' safety rating. Most levees in the U.S. were constructed using federal money but then were turned over to local government entities to maintain, thus socioeconomic characteristics of these communities may impact their ability to maintain their levee(s). We used dasymetric mapping to assign socioeconomic parameters to levee protected areas along the lower Illinois River to explore differences in these characteristics between communities with an unacceptable levee safety rating to those with an acceptable rating. Principal components analysis was used to determine which socioeconomic parameters explained the majority of variance between levee protected communities and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-Test for significance testing. These analyses revealed that differences in total population , race, average per-capita income, and number of residential homes were influential indicators for explaining differences between comunities with levees with acceptable versus unacceptable ratings. These results suggest populations who inhabit levee systems with unacceptable safety ratings are white and relatively wealthier than communities located within levee systems with acceptable ratings. This finding is counter to research that shows that the poor and poorer minorities live in areas with higher flood risk. This is perhaps wealthier floodplain property owners inhabitating unacceptable levee systems may be foregoing necessary levee maintenance, inastead relying on other government programs to pay for flood damages.