Inflow performance relationship (IPR) is one of the effective methods for describing oil feeding capacity of wells, also important basic data needed for determining and selecting lifting modes and working systems. On the basis of productivity predicted under the conditions of single phase flow and 2 phase flow of oil and gas, a new method is put forward for determining the integral IPR curve of 3 phase flow of oil, gas and water in nonflowing wells, field application demonstrates that the method is feasible.


Unionized Oligoplies are market structures with incomplete upstream labour markets interacting with incomplete downstream product markets. In this survey I give and overview of the recent development any main findings of this strand of literature.


We associate to a multiple polylogarithm a holomorphic 1-form on the universal abelian cover of its domain. We relate the 1-forms to the symbol and variation matrix and show that the 1-forms naturally define a lift of the variation of mixed Hodge structure associated to a polylogarithm. The results are conveniently described in terms of a variant H of Goncharov's Hopf algebra of multiple polylogarithms. In particular, we show that the association of a 1-form to a multiple polylogarithm induces a map from the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex of the Lie coalgebra of indecomposables of H to the de Rham complex.


Traditional neural network models, when contrasted with normal models, have some distinct similarities and differences. The paper describes the salient features of perceptrons and their extensions, relative to normal models. Conjunctoid neural network models when contrasted with normal models also have some relative advantages, the paper describes these advantages and disadvantages. Normal neural network models are introduced which combine some of the features of the conjunctoid and traditional normal models. The paper also introduces the algorithm to implement a normal neural network model for the airplane example described in an earlier part of the paper. The paper briefly describes the architectures for implementing the algorithms on parallel machines, along with conclusions and future research directions.<<ETX>>


Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT) is a nondestructive and cost-effective method for detecting faults in largescale PV plants. In this paper, a 1 MW multi-crystalline PV plantblock that was hit by a meteorological tsunami in Brazil in 2016, is inspected systematically using the aIRT method. The main objective was to validate this inspection technique for commercial application. Various failures like hotspots, bypassed substrings, short-circuited and disconnected PV strings were detected at the PV plant using aIRT inspection in less than one hour. The results have proven that this semi-autonomous method is very fast, reliable and effective for large scale PV plants.


A LTHOUGH the heart possesses important intrinsic mechanisms of adjusting to its work load1 there is considerable evidence that changes of autonomic nerve activity play the dominant role in circulatory regulation. In most of the situations in which they have been examined, the cardiovascular consequences of altered autonomic nerve discharge appear to be appropriate mechanisms for adapting to stress. It seems relevant, however, to consider the possibility that such a powerful control mechanism might have liabilities as well as assets for the integrated function of the organism. The objective of the work described in this report has been to develop an insight into the possible ways by which alterations of autonomic nerve activity might contribute to the genesis or to the treatment of disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Our experiments have been designed to examine fundamental electrophysiologic properties of the intact heart over the widest possible range of autonomic influence. Wherever possible these studies have been performed in awake dogs and have been of three general types. We have examined the nature of arrhythmias produced either by stimulation of cardiac nerves or by the injection of analeptic agents into the fourth cerebral ventricle. Second, we have analyzed the electrophysiologic consequences of betaadrenergic blockade and of total extrinsic cardiac denervation. Finally, we have compared the responses of the normal and chronically denervated heart to several of the commonly used cardioactive drugs. Although many aspects of this analysis require further study, the results


to clarify the complex ideas referenced within theoretically dense narratives. This somewhat limits a comprehensive understanding of the text. It does, however, demonstrate how ugliness functions as discourse across different genres through carefully creating the agenda of mainstream notions of ugliness as the Other. This pervasiveness of Othering ugliness, as the book illustrates, continues to allow for the surveilling and disciplining of ugly bodies, like those of transgender, black, diseased, queer, disabled, obese and nonbinary bodies – all of which lie outside the realm of human ethics. A broader inclusion of photographic representations, referred to in the text, would have eased the burden of having Google on speed dial. These critiques do not detract from the compilation's usefulness as an introductory text, to the study of visual injustices, however. But beware, while the text serves as an introductory text to start a contemporary conversation in this fascinating field of study, it is by no means elementary. Instead it is advanced in its arguments, drawing widely from feminist theory, and also calls on gender studies, critical race studies, critical disability studies, sexuality studies, queer theory, literary studies and cultural studies to unearth the various mechanisms used in making others invisible through visual injustices. As such, this text would be an advantageous addition to any critical studies syllabus that seeks to challenge students beyond the taken-forgranted. It also serves as a valuable tool for teaching and understanding critical discourse analysis as the various essays in the collections illustrate how visual injustice is supported by various genres that ultimately come together to scaffold exclusions and politicised harm at the intersection of gender, race, class, ability, age, body size, fatphobia, health, colonisation, heteronormativity and sexuality. This book will certainly add value as an introductory critical text in understanding the emerging multidisciplinary field of ugliness as a political category.


This research has purpose to disclose tadlis practices of muslim traders in traditional market. This research uses qualitative descriptive research method with phenomenological approach. Data collecting method which used is observation, interview, and documentation. Research result finds there is qualitative and quantitative c practices in Sugguminasa market. Qualitative practices is shown by mixing good's quality, hiding defective goods, dishonesty of good's quality as well as manipulating good's condition to make them look fresh and new. On tadlis quantity is shown by act of decreasing scale quality so it was occurred inconsistency between price and good's quality. Meanwhile practical implication shall be ground for government in providing with tight supervisory and taking into account accuracy as well as scale tool standard as used by trader in order to achieve scale accuracy pursuant to Indonesian National Standard (SNI).


The article focuses on the compelling challenges of developing professional education in tourism and service at Sakhalin State University which was the first in the East of the Russian Federation to train professionals for the tourism industry.


ECE Illinois students are not required to take PHYS 225 where the topic of special relativity is covered in full detail. Here we describe an alternate and succinct coverage of the elements of special relativity within ECE 350 as an extension of the existing unit on Doppler effect. I feel that this mode of introduction to special relativity is closer in spirit to the title Albert Einstein chose for his 1905 relativity paper: "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". Erhan Kudeki, 10/26/2014; last revision 04/27/22


Support for this project by National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA) Grant Number P20 RR016741 from the IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence/Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network (INBRE/BRIN) Program of the National Center for Research Resources is gratefully acknowledged. The publication contents are, however, solely the responsibility of the authors and conclusions drawn are not to be seen as official views of the NIH.


The sorghum yield of 8 varieties and 1 control in Liaoning regional trials and their stability were analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient in 2009.The results showed that variety BL903 and 025A/311were good in both yield and stability.


The time-dependent stimulated Raman scattering of light in water subjected to structural transformation by track membrane microfiltration is investigated. It is shown that the probability of SRS at the frequency of the ice spectral component in the band of stretching OH vibrations of water molecules decreases as a result of water filtration.


Fluctuationlessness approximation applied to the remainder term of a Taylor decomposition expressed in integral form is already used in many articles. Some forms of multi-point Taylor expansion also are considered in some articles. This work is somehow a combination these where the Taylor decomposition of a function is taken where the remainder is expressed in integral form. Then the integrand is decomposed to Taylor again, not necessarily around the same point as the first decomposition and a second remainder is obtained. After taking into consideration the necessary change of variables and converting the integration limits to the universal [0;1] interval a multiple integration system formed by a multivariate function is formed. Then it is intended to apply the Fluctuationlessness approximation to each of these integrals one by one and get better results as compared with the single node Taylor decomposition on which the Fluctuationlessness is applied.


An hair trapping protocol, with camera trapping surveillance, was carried out on the south-western side of the Etna, inhabited by an abundant population of the European wildcat. We aimed to collect hair for genetic analysis on the base of a field study conducted in Switzerland, where valerian tincture had been used to attract wildcats to rub again wooden sticks and therefore leaving hairs. We placed 18 hair trapping stations, plus one camera trap per scented wooden stick, 1 km away from each other for 60 days (October 29 2010 to December 28 2010). The rate of "capture" success (1 capture / 24.5 trap-days) by camera trapping was substantially the same as those obtained during previous surveys performed in the same study area without the use of any attractants. No wildcats were photographed while rubbing against the wooden sticks, neither any wildcat was interested in the scent lure. We discuss limitations of the hair trapping, providing possible explanations on the failure of valerian tincture, while suggesting some field advices for future monitorings.


We analyze the relation between an individual's risk attitude and his willingness to engage in unprotected sexual behavior, when faced with an asymptomatic infectious disease. In such a situation, the individual must not only assess the likely health status of his partner, but must also form beliefs about his own health status, as these two jointly determine the probability of infection transmission. We show that in a high risk environment, increasing an individual's risk aversion counter-intuitively increases his propensity to engage in unprotected sex. The reason for this surprising result is that as risk aversion increases, the certain payoff from getting infected through unprotected sex becomes relatively more attractive than the uncertain payoffs from protected behavior. We also extend the model to analyze the effects of asymmetric information in a population-wide setting.


In this paper, we study the application of iteration-based control to compensate for positioning error due to hysteresis in a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator. SMA actuators offer relatively large strain (up to 8%) and high strength-to-weight ratio. These advantages make SMAs attractive for a wide variety of actuator designs such as biomedical tools for minimal invasive surgery and active endoscopes. However, SMA-based actuators exhibit significant hysteresis effect which can lead to loss in positioning precision. To address the hysteresis-caused positioning error, we design and apply an iterative learning control algorithm to control an experimental SMA rotary actuator. We show results that demonstrate the efficacy of the method, e.g., the tracking error reduces to approximately 5% of the total displacement range.


Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) most commonly occur in the elderly and are associated with bone marrow failure and potential transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. With the proportion of elderly population being on the rise in the US, conditions like MDS are likely to generate significant burden on the healthcare system. Our study is the first report aimed to analyze trends in mortality, costs of hospitalization, length of stay (LOS) and the rate of complications in patients with MDS over the past decade.
 Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to obtain data on patients hospitalized with MDS between 2005-2014. The ICD-9 codes 238.72, 238.73, 238.74 and 238.75 were applied in the primary diagnosis field. Patient characteristics including age, sex, insurance and hospital characteristics such as location, teaching status were recorded. Data regarding mortality, LOS and total hospitalization charges was examined and the trend was analyzed over the 10 year interval. We also determined the incidence of common in-hospital complications, and comparisons were made between academic and non-academic institutions.
 Results: Over the 10-year interval, a total of 885,726 admissions were identified, out of which 803,341 admissions (90.6%) were in patients aged >65 years. The mean age of the population was 76.19 years and 47.6% patients were females. Majority of patients were treated at non-teaching hospitals (56%) and covered by Medicare (84%). Teaching hospitals admitted significantly greater number of patients belonging to the top income quartile and possessing private insurance (p=.000). In-hospital mortality has increased over the 10-year interval analyzed, with a mortality rate of 5.7% in 2005 and 6.1% in 2014. Comparison between teaching and non-teaching hospitals did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of mortality (p=.782). Mean length of stay (LOS) remained relatively constant over the 10-year interval (mean LOS=6.7 days; p=.382), however there was a substantial increase in the hospitalization charges. The overall hospital cost was $29795 in 2004 which increased by over 100% to $59656 in 2014. After adjusting for inflation by CPI healthcare index, the total cost was still higher by 49%. Teaching hospitals had significantly higher charges ($57,592 vs $37,674; p=.000) as well as length of stay (7.28 days vs 5.75 days; p=.000) than non-teaching hospitals.
 The rates of hospital acquired pneumonia and bacteremia have decreased significantly over the study period (p=.001), whereas rate of Clostridium Difficile (C.Diff) infections increased from 0.42% to 0.67% and UTIs increased from 7.8% to 9.1%. The rate of ICU admissions has also increased from 0.67% in 2005 to 1.51% in 2014 (p=.001). The number of patients receiving in-hospital blood product transfusions has risen significantly from 30,564 in 2005 to 37,360 in 2014 (22.2% rise). Similarly, the number of admissions for major bleeding complications has increased by 34.6% from 1,378 in 2005 to 1,855 in 2014. In comparing the complication rates between the two hospital settings, rates of major bleeding (p =.0002) were lower at academic institutions whereas those of neutropenic fever (p=.0000) were lower at non-teaching hospitals. Differences in the occurrence of pneumonia, sepsis and rate of blood transfusions were not statistically significant between the two.
 Conclusions: Our study suggests that the overall mortality from MDS has increased over the past decade. Early recognition and diagnosis of MDS can partly explain this finding. However, lack of standard treatment approach for symptomatic MDS patients (with the exception of lenalidomide in 5q deletion), likely contributes to the substantial rise in admissions for transfusions, bleeding complications as well as the death rate. The significant decline in pneumonia and bacteremia could be secondary to increased use of antibiotic prophylaxis whereas use of antibiotics at the same time has probably led to a rise in C.diff infections.
 Our study also highlights a staggering increase in hospitalization costs. Since MDS is mostly a disease of the elderly, the rate of hospitalizations and the associated financial burden is only expected to rise as the population continues to age. This emphasizes the need for research into disease altering chemotherapy, better outpatient care and transfusion accessibility to prevent hospitalizations.

 Rajeeve: ASH-HONORS Grant: Research Funding.


However, there is growing awareness of the importance of setting the direction for adulthood through childhood experiences. In the past this ideal of maximizing the early years has sometimes been diverted into exploitation (for economic, military, or evangelistic gain). Increasing attention is being placed on early development of identity and competence to learn. This is being carried over into religious training. Some of the more evangelical denominations have begun placing emphasis on early spiritual development. Families are encouraged that "it is never too soon" to begin religious teaching. Yet there are other warnings concerning "too much, too soon" being dangerous to the child's religious growth. The challenge facing us—as parents, educators, ministers—is to determine the nature of the child and then the proper nurture of the child. It has taken over two decades of intense research to identify the nature of childhood. The areas which are germaine to religious development are mental, social, and spiritual. Each of these areas will be described in stages of development. As with any philosophical hierarchy of stages, the age boundaries are flexible. The importance of stages is for observations of the pattern of development.


Different storage technologies can be used to enable an increasing share of variable renewable generation in the electricity system by reducing the temporal mismatch between generation and demand. To time-shift the delivery of electricity to loads, both electric power (instantaneous electricity flow [W]) and electric energy (power integrated over time [Wh]) ratings of storage are important. An optimal storage portfolio depends on the energy systems setting and is composed of different technologies, each having specific characteristics. This paper analyzes the optimal storage portfolio for different residual demand profiles. The analysis is performed for different types of storage technologies individually to analyze the need for power and energy capacity and for different types of storage technologies simultaneously to analyze their mutual interaction.


The invention relates to a gas delivery portable device for supplying at least one nostril (3) of a user (2) with at least a portion of a gas comprising at least one nozzle (1) for dispensing gas and holding means (5) for supporting and / or maintaining in position said at least one nozzle (1) of gas distribution over the face of the user and along at least a portion of the wall or surface (4) external of the nose or cheeks of said user (2) when the device is positioned on the head and / or face of said user (2). The invention further relates to a gas injection process to a user, and an oxygen equipment.


Similarity solutions are obtained for one-dimensional flow under the action of monochromatic radiation behind a cylindrical magnetogasdynamic shock wave propagating in a non-ideal gas in presence of an axial magnetic field. The initial density of the medium and initial magnetic field are assumed to be constant. It is investigated that the presence of the magnetic field or the non-idealness of the gas decays the shock wave, and when the initial magnetic field is strong the non-idealness of the gas affects the velocity and pressure profiles significantly. Also, it is observed that the flow-variables behind the shock are affected significantly, by an increase in the parameter of radiation, when the initial magnetic field is strong. It is, therefore, inferred that the effect of the non-idealness of the gas and of the monochromatic radiation on the shock propagation become more significant when the strength of the initial magnetic field is increased.


For the FAAS determination of water heavy metal elements to confirm the method to determine whether the laboratory had the ability to detect the method. According to General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories, GB/T 27025-2008" in the relevant requirements of personnel qualifications, facilities, environmental conditions and equipment. The results had shown that the standard curve of each element was R = 0.999 or more, and detection limits, accuracy, precision results were in line with standard requirements. The results confirmed that the laboratory had the ability to develop this method.


The kinetics of the complementary 15mer RNA (3) cleavage by RNase H in the conformationally-constrained [North-East type sugar constraint] triple oxetane modified antisense oligonucleotide AON (2)–RNA (3) hybrid duplexes (P. I. Pradeepkumar and J. Chattopadhyaya, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2001, 2074) have been investigated, in comparison with the native 15mer counterpart AON (1)–RNA (3), by changing both AON and RNA concentrations, while keeping the enzyme and buffer concentrations constant. The RNA concentration-dependent kinetics of the RNase H promoted cleavage reaction gave values for Km and Vmax for both substrates: AON (1)–RNA (3)
and AON (2)–RNA (3) heteroduplexes. The Vmax and the Km values were respectively ∼2 and ∼10 times greater for the AON (2)–RNA (3) duplex than those for the native counterpart, which means that the incorporation of the North-East type sugar constrained triple oxetane modifications in the AON increases the catalytic activity of RNase H by almost ca. 2-fold owing to the decreased affinity of the substrate toward the enzyme. The Tm for the AON (2)–RNA (3) hybrid duplex was 18 °C less than that of the native. Thus, an inverse correlation between AON–RNA hybrid duplex thermostability and RNase H activity has been found under the high substrate concentration conditions. Under
high substrate concentration conditions, the RNase H activity of the AON (2)–RNA (3) hybrid duplex is however higher than the native because of a more rapid turn over (Nmax) of RNase H. Conversely, under low substrate concentration conditions, the RNase H activity of AON (2)–RNA (3) hybrid duplex dramatically drops compared to the native because of the less effective turn over (Neff) of enzyme. This is because the Neff, under low substrate concentration conditions, depends on maximal turn over, Nmax, as well as on the extent of saturation of enzyme by substrate, which in turn depends upon the value of the Vmax/Km ratio, which for the AON (2)–RNA
(3) hybrid duplex has been found to be ∼4-fold less than the native.


Summary Three lots of milk pasteurized at 143–145° F. for 30 minutes were made into American Cheddar cheese. These lots contained, respectively, 2 per cent commercial lactic starter, 1 per cent commercial lactic starter plus 1 per cent Streptococcus faecalis starter, and 2 per cent S. faecalis starter. A selective penicillin-azide medium was used to count and isolate the enterococci. In 1-day-old cheese made with commercial lactic starter, the number of bacteria growing on the selective medium was small, 300 per ml., but these gradually increased to 23million per ml. at the end of 120 days at 50° F., and to 28million per ml. after 120 days at 60° F. At the end of 180 days the counts on the selective medium had decreased to 11million and 13million per ml. at 50 and 60° F., respectively. In this cheese most of the increase was due to lactobacilli and not to enterococci. When S. faecalis was used as a starter for pasteurized milk American Cheddar cheese, the highest enterococcus count was found to exist in the cheese curds just prior to salting, the count being 500million per g. for cheese containing 1 per cent commercial lactic starter plus 1 per cent S. faecalis starter, and 1,370million per g. for the cheese containing 2 per cent S. faecalis starter. S. faecalis was able to grow and survive in Cheddar cheese in large numbers for a considerable period of time, both at 50 and 60° F. At 50° F., cheese made with both lactic and S. faecalis starters still gave counts of 345million per g., and cheese made with S. faecalis starter gave counts of 1,085million per g. at the end of 60 days, whereas at 60° F. the former cheese contained 305million per g. and the latter cheese contained 750million per g. at the end of 60 days. At the end of 180 days the numbers of bacteria in the cheese growing on the selective medium had decreased, although considerable numbers still were present.


Aims  A meta‐analysis concluded that depression is associated with poor glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes (DM2). In DM2 patients with deteriorating glycaemic control, the initiation of insulin therapy is often postponed. The aim of the present study was to determine whether symptoms of depression and diabetes‐specific emotional distress are associated with a more negative appraisal of insulin therapy.


In this paper the performance analysis of a new high-speed cell-based interface is presented. The so called VIRUS interface can be used for replacing existing physical layer interfaces of cell-based networks, since its functions result in lower hardware complexity and, thus, it can be easily used at higher data rates. The interface analysis is mainly focused on the evaluation of the proposed synchronization method as well as on the effects of the line coding scheme on the synchronization procedure. The results prove the advantage of the proposed interface when used for cell-based communication networks and high-speed point-to-point interfaces.


The effects of N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) were studied in a trial under double which an increase in thromboembolic risk is suspected, either associated with, or secondary to, the actual atherosclerotic disease.


Background: Social Health Insurance of South Sumatra (Jamsoskes) is an effort to improve the accessibility of health services for the people of South Sumatra, since early 2009. Handling customer complains is a strategy to guarantee the quality customer service. The purpose of this study was to examine the handling of user's Jamsoskes complains.
Method: The study is a descriptive with qualitative approach. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews. Informants were each one person Jamsoskes programme manager at the Health Office in South Sumatra Provincial and Palembang City, manager of health services Jamsoskes in Palembang Bari hospital and Dr. Mohammad Hoesin hospital. Secondary data is the result of user's Jamsoskes complains documentation and follow-up.
Result: The study result summarized that during the period of January until September 200961 complains was recorded. There are a total of 42 complais about health services in the Palembang City. Complains were especially about procedure of hospital services. The complains forms are: questions, consultation, and complains concerning dissatisfaction with services provided directly, or through telephone, Short Message Service, letters, and newspapers. The handling of users complaints have been made by way of responding to complains and to minimize grievances by providing relevant explanations.
Conclusion: Jamsoskes program managers have been continually monitoring customer complains and facilitate the complains to be submitted to the authorities, and immediately addressed through a prudent approach by each officer and the management which is a form of responsiveness dimension in increasing customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Social Health Insurance, complains, users, quality


Two novel oximes containing di- and tetraoxime groups, dichloro-[N,N′-bis(2-aminophenyl)diaminoglyoxime]nickel(II), [Ni(LH2)Cl2], and {dichloro-[5,6:11,12-dibenzo-2,3,8,9-tetra-(hydroxyimino)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]}- nickel(II), [Ni(LH4)Cl2], have been synthesized by the template condensation reaction of dichloro-[N,N′-bis-(1,2-diaminobenzene)]nickel(II) with anti-dichloroglyoxime. Trinuclear complexes of [Ni(LH2)Cl2] with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) have been synthesized. A polynuclear complex of [Ni(LH4)Cl2] with Ni(II) has been prepared. The structures of these novel oxime compounds are proposed on the basis of the elemental analyses, IR and UV-Visible spectra and conductivity measurements. Conductivity measurements have shown that all complexes are non-electrolytes.


Abstract Dynamical interactions that take place between objects in dense stellar systems lead to frequent formation of exotic stellar objects, unusual binaries, and systems of higher multiplicity. They are most important for the formation of binaries with neutron stars and black holes, which are usually observationally revealed in mass-transferring binaries. Here we review the current understanding of compact object's retention, of the metallicity dependence on the formation of low-mass X-ray binaries with neutron stars, and how mass-transferring binaries with a black hole and a white dwarf can be formed. We discuss as well one old unsolved puzzle and two new puzzles posed by recent observations: what descendants do ultra-compact X-ray binaries produce, how are very compact triples formed, and how can black hole low-mass X-ray binaries acquire non-degenerate companions?


in order to protect the control system,the control system and measurement system in the high power device should be fully isolated.The AD650 V/F(voltage-to-frequency converter) provides a combination of high frequency operation and low nonlinearity previously unavailable in monolithic form.The analog signal can be transformed in frequency mode and the signal loss is very low.So it is widely used in the remote signal transmission.The principle,the system composition and hardware design of the whole transmission system are described in this paper.The experiment results show that the system has many advantage,such as low signal loss(less than 0.1%),high transfer data rate,far transmission distance,high linearity and resolution.Meanwhile,it can be not influenced by the electromagnetic field interference in the transmission proceeding.The circuit is simple and the performance is reliable.


A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner to study the seasonal incidence of major sucking pests of chilli and its correlation with abiotic factors. The results revealed that the incidence of thrips on chilli started in first week of March and its peak was in third week of May. The attack of whitefly started started in the third week of March and its peak was recorded during second week of May. Jassid population increased gradually reaching the peak in last week of July. The population of mite started increasing from first week of March and reached peak in fourth week of April, while aphid reached its peak in third week of May. The occurrence of higher temperature showed significant positive correlation with thrips and whitefly while relative humidity and rainfall showed negative correlation. There was significant-positive correlation between minimum temperature and relative humidity in regard to jassid population while rainfall showed positive correlation.


today, image processing has become a very important issue in medical imaging field, which is constantly developing to facilitate the diagnosis of several diseases such as brain tumors, especially glioblastoma (GBM). The segmentation of glioblastoma tumors is an important early step in image analysis to characterize the tumor phenotypic features. This study describes a new approach for the detection and the delimitation of GBM using modalities mixture as a pre-processing step then Otsu multilevel thresholding and Neighborhood algorithm & maximum component. This proposed modalities mixture used three different MRI modalities which are Flair, T2 and T1. This approach has been tested on clinical database BRATS'2017. We report promising results. The Dice Similarity Coefficient metric for whole tumor was 0.88. the preprocessing step used increases the segmentation accuracy compared to the same technique without modalities mixture.


1. Motivation. How do humans walk and run stably without falling down? How do humans walk without deviating too much from a roughly periodic steady motion, say, when walking on a treadmill? There are many hundred articles with mechanicsbased mathematical models of bipedal walking and running, that demonstrate stable periodic motion, either due to passive dynamics or due to active control. Such theoretical work provide insight into how one might stabilize locomotion. However, it is not yet settled which among this zoo of stabilizing control schemes yield dynamics most similar to that of humans during locomotion. Our goal is characterize, using appropriate human walking experiments, the dynamics near steady state walking motions. We seek a model of the dynamics that will be able to predict the transients back to steady state, not just reproduce the steady state motion. Aside being of general scientific interest, a characterization of walking dynamics might enable us to design prosthetic devices with human-like dynamics, or exoskeletons that do not fight these natural dynamics.


This paper presents a design method of the fuzzy controller which is based on the fuzzy control tuning rules.The design method tune the PID controller parameters such as kp,ki,kd by building the fuzzy tuning rules and fuzzy reasoning.JX-300X DCS is choosen to controll the level object of QXLPC-Ⅲ equipment.The experiment results show that the fuzzy PID control system has better control performance than conventional PID control system.


The negative electric field, field cycling and frequency dependence of strain memory effect in poled and aged Mn-doped Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMS–PZT) piezoceramics under sesquipolar loading were investigated. The strain memory effect of Mn-doped PMS–PZT is especially sensitive to the applied negative electric field. Maximum strain memory of 0.32% is achieved when the negative electric field is around negative coercive field of ~2.1 kV/mm, which can be ascribed to the partially depoled state with randomized domains. And this strain memory shows very good cycling stability, varying less than 5% up to 104 cycles, while almost 40% degradation is found under bipolar signal. In addition, due to the stabilized defect dipoles, the strain memory exhibits stable characteristic over a broad frequency range from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. The results may shed new insights into designing the novel strain memory actuators where stable strain state could be realized after the removal of electric field.


Background: Despite appropriate care, a subset of patients with ankle fractures has persistent pain. This condition may be associated with intra-articular pathology, which is present up to 65% of the time. Purpose: To quantify how much of the talus is visible through an open approach to a standard supination external rotation bimalleolar ankle fracture as a percentage of the entire weightbearing surface of the talus. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Standard ankle approaches to lateral and medial malleolar fractures were performed in 4 cadaveric ankles from 2 cadavers. Osteotomies were made to simulate a supination external rotation bimalleolar ankle fracture based on the Lauge-Hansen classification. The visible segments of talar cartilage were removed. The tali were then exhumed, and the entire weightbearing superior portion of the talus was assessed and compared with the amount of cartilage removed by an open approach. The mean of the data points as well as the 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: Four ankle specimens from 2 cadavers were used for these measurements. The mean surface area of the talus was 14.0 cm2 (95% CI, 13.3-14.7 cm2), while the mean area visible via an open approach was 2.1 cm2 (95% CI, 0.5-3.6 cm2). The mean proportion of the talus visualized via an open approach was 14.8% (95% CI, 3.6-26.1%). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the true area of weightbearing talar surface visible during an open exposure may be less than what many surgeons postulate. Clinical Relevance: Only a small fracture of the talus is visible via an open approach to the talus during fracture fixation. This could warrant arthroscopic evaluation of these injuries to evaluate and treat osteocondral lesions resulting from ankle fractures.


The compact NMR magnets consisted of the stacked high-temperature superconducting (HTS) GdBCO bulk annuli trapped by field cooling (FC) method have been developed. The target values of strength and homogeneity of magnetic field for proposed NMR relaxometry are 1.5 T and 150 ppm/cm3, respectively, at liquid nitrogen temperature. Since last year, we have been developing a hardware and software to detect the NMR signals by ourselves. Therefore, we needed to determine the final structure of HTS bulk magnet to be used in the NMR relaxometry. We can obtain the trapped magnetic field over 1.5 T at 77.4 K experimentally. However, it is still difficult to obtain the magnetic field homogeneity under 150 ppm/cm3 experimentally, due to their different superconducting properties. Therefore, in this study, four types of HTS bulk magnets to determine the final structure of compact NMR relaxometry were designed and their field properties including the degraded HTS bulk were investigated using three-dimensional finite-element method analysis. The field properties of 10-stacked HTS bulk magnets with the ring-shaped irons for field compensation and the degraded HTS bulk were investigated experimentally.


The decussation of tracts within the vertebrate central nervous system is a fascinating and spectacular phenomenon. Its occurrence is well known but its developmental mechanism is a puzzle to every neurologist. Elucidation of any of the factors which control the passage of a fiber across the midline of the nervous system during development serves to illuminate somewhat the fundamental mechanisms regulating the elaboration of pattern within the central nervous system. Therefore a tentative hypothesis based on normal and experimental material may be advanced to explain the mechanism of origin of a particular decussation within the vertebrate central nervous system. The material providing the factual basis for this report is derived from an experimental study involving Mauthncr 's cells in the embryo of a bony fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. These cells are paired giant neurons whose cell bodies arc found one on either side of the hindbrain, near the entrance of the eighth cranial nerve, in fishes and tailed amphibians (Rartelmez, '15, and many others). The dendrites of the cell terminate ipsilaterally. The axon crosses the midline of the brain, decussating with that of the contralateral Mauthner's cell, then bends abruptly to descend caudally into the cord in rlose proximity to the prolongation into the cord of the


Abstract : The effects of viewing angle and visual symbol size upon the time required to read familiar words were studied for angles of 90, 60, 45 and 30 degrees and for symbols whose height subtended 16 and 10 minutes of arc at the viewer's eyes. Recommendations for largeboard, wall-display layout and viewer-seating arrangements are offered.


GLACIAL DEPOSITS AND ICE MARKS.-The contour of a surface alone is generally sufficient to establish the former existence of glaciers, if they have ever worked upon it, but it is not to these indications alone that we must look for the evidence of the work of this great agent in this region. Every mass of rock exposed to view shows the rounded, smoothed and scored surface so characteristic of ice work. Every part of the island, level enough to carry such material, is buried beneath a coating of detrital material from two to forty feet in thickness. We propose to study these deposits of glaciated matter with a view to determine some of the more important features connected with the work done by moving ice. These deposits have a composition which varies considerably according to the position in which they are found. At the extreme northern end of the island, all the pebbles found ill them are from rocks which belong beyond its limits. The greater part of the pebbles can be referred to rocks which are in place on the shores of Mount Hope Bay to the northward, though some seem to come from points as far up as the neighborhood of Taunton. Only a small part cannot be readily referred to materials in place in the basins of the streams which flow into Narraganset Bay. It is of course impossible to assert that none of these unreferred specimens came from more remote regions to the northward, but inasmuch as there is a very wide difference noticeable between the glacial material in the basin of the Charles River and the other streams which flow into Massachusetts Bay, and this drift on the north of Aquidneck island, there can be little doubt that the transportation of erratics, from limits more than fifty miles away, has been very slight indeed, if it occurs at all. A large part of the drift mass is made up of boulders of a conglomerate, which


We revisit a unique marine seismic data set collected with a densely populated ocean bottom cable (2.5 m effective channel spacing) and a prototype shear wave vibrator at the Gjoa field, offshore Norway. Whereas the survey was primarly designed for reservoir illumination, multi-modal surface waves stand out on the seismic data (both time-offset and frequency-wavenumber domains), in the frequency band between 3 and 35 Hz. As the source was operated in both in-line and cross-line direction, we identify multiple Scholte and Love waves that were subsequently used for a constrained inversion for obtaining a detailed shear wave velocity with depth, down to 50 m. In addition, a comparison of the velocities yields an estimate on shear wave anisotropy in the shallow sub-surface, with up to 15%. The data are further used to determine attenuation, a second critical parameter affecting wave propagation and dynamic response of seabed-founded structures, which can also be important for soil characterization. Tuned forward modelling of the fundamental surface wave mode yields shear wave damping of less than 1% for the deepwater soft soils. The attenuation coefficient increases linearly with frequency, and indicates that the damping is to a large degree viscous rather than due to hysteresis.


U-Zr metallic fuels and ferritic-martensitic stainless (FMS) steel claddings have been considered as the most probable fuel for the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) [1]. The lifetime of the metallic fuel is dependent on the cladding integrity. One of the most important degradation mechanism in metallic fuel is fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI). FCCI is the inter-diffusion reaction between U based fuel and Fe based cladding. FCCI results in the reduction of cladding wall thickness, and deteriorates the integrity of the fuel rod. This interaction between the fuel slug and cladding occurs during normal operation as well as transient conditions. The diffusion of Fe into U-Zr causes reaction layer formation in fuel and a group of lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Pr) which is produced from fission and migrates down the temperature gradient next to the cladding inner surface. Furthermore eutectic temperature of lanthanide and Fe is much lower than that of the U-Fe system, and thus lanthanides could increase these FCCI reaction significantly. In this study, high-temperatures heating tests were performed for lanthanide containing U-10Zr metallic fuel with HT9 cladding in order to understand the FCCI behavior.


Senior vocational education students are increasingly expected to direct their own learning. This, however, is not easy. These students need help developing the skills necessary for self-directed learning. An electronic portfolio may prove beneficial, assuming that students receive sufficient coaching. This study found that some of the teacher-coaching can be replaced with self-coaching while retaining the positive effects on the development of self-direction and motivation. It is, however, essential that students are given the room to make their own choices while receiving sufficient guidance.


Stray signals may be generated when waveforms are generated and waves are transmitted,and may interfere with radar detection and bring EMI.MIMO radars with orthogonal waveforms send,through its transmitting channels,signals that are mutually orthogonal,strays of which being incoherent with the arrays so as not to produce the gain of array processing and hence reduce the interference with radars and other RF systems.With the model of the transmitted strays analyzed,the effects of the strays on the target detection performances of the MIMO radars with orthogonal waveforms and the conventional phased array radars are discussed,and evidences show that MIMO radars are superior in reducing the effects of the strays.


The life history of myxomycetes is of importance to study diversity of nutritive modes and phylogenesis of these organisms.Until now the reports concered were few.Moist chamber culture method,oat-agar culture method and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the process of the individual development of Arcyria cinerea.The life cycle of spore-to-spore were completed in agar culture in petridish.The result shows that the life cycle of Arcyria cinerea comprises a unicellular amoeboid or swarm cell stage,a multinucleate plasmodium stage and a sporulation stage.The spore of Arcyria cinerea is globular and the spore surface is spiny.The spore germinates by means of a poriform open and releases a single myxamoeba.The myxamoeba can move by amoeboid motion.When free water is available,myxamoebae can transform into swarm cells and swim in the water.Zygote forms into plasmodium.The mature plasmodium is white.The plasmodial type is the phaneroplasmodium which appears as a fan-shaped network of veins.Spores developed on agar are fertile and resemble those on natural substrate.


Objective: The objective of this study was to review the evidence that behavioral and emotional factors are triggers of acute coronary syndromes. Method: Systematic review of the published literature from 1970 to 2004 of trigger events, defined as stimuli or activities occurring within 24 hours of the onset of acute coronary syndromes. Results: There is consistent evidence that physical exertion (particularly by people who are not normally active), emotional stress, anger, and extreme excitement can trigger acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in susceptible individuals. Many triggers operate within 1 to 2 hours of symptom onset. There are methodologic limitations to the current literature, including sampling, retrospective reporting, and presentation biases, the role of memory decay and salience, and reverse causation because of silent prodromal events. Conclusions: Behavioral and emotional factors are probable triggers of acute coronary syndromes in vulnerable individuals, and the pathophysiological processes elicited by these stimuli are being increasingly understood. The benefits to patients of knowledge to these processes have yet to accrue. ACS = acute coronary syndromes; CHD = coronary heart disease; EKG = electrocardiogram; IL-6 = interleukin 6; MI = myocardial infarction; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; SCD = sudden cardiac death.


This article addresses the importance of martyrdom in the seventeenth century, and its great diffusion between the religious orders that evangelized in the East, as well as its influence on the Hispanic society. With the creation of the Cardinal Congregation of Propaganda Fide (1622), martyrdom appears as a compulsory condition in the activity of missionaries, in which one must be formed and has to be witnessed in letters, chronicles or narrations. Likewise, the propaganda of martyrdom made from Rome hides the demand for Catholic Monarchies to contribute more in the apostolic process of their territories. Finally, in this context, the persecutions in Japan offer numerous examples of the ordeal of the missionaries who recall early Christianity and show a heroism that infused fervor in the Catholic society of the time.


The genesis and progress of missions on the part of American Baptists was the result of the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Baptists were favorable toward the Revolution, which made their reputation positive. Numerous revivals extended Baptist growth. The Second Great Awakening also augmented Baptist growth. Foreign missions began quickly in America through men such as William Carey. Religious liberty in America also contributed to Baptist growth. However, there were also difficulties due to the lack of attaining theological harmony. Some Baptists became anti-missionary minded, whereas those who were missionary minded could not agree regarding evangelistic organization. The main events contributing to missional genesis and progress by American Baptists was the formation of "Three Great Societies," for foreign missions (1814), tracts and publications (1824), and home missions (1832). The Second Great Awakening, which began during the late 1790s and extended until the early 1830s, would greatly enhance the labor of the "Three Great Societies."

Keywords:

northern baptist convention;
the second great awakening, and baptist growth;
American baptists, "three great societies";
yearnings, for better effectiveness, unanimity


The non-linear synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique uses a combination of platform manoeuvre and novel processing to separate the effects of a target's radial velocity and cross-range displacement, giving accurate estimates of both. The technique provides high resolution images free from the image distortion caused in conventional SAR imagery by moving targets, and allows the accurate target location of both stationary and moving objects. The technique also allows the platform to fly a wide range of planned and unplanned manoeuvres, improving platform survivability in potentially hostile environments


Objective To investigate the effect of regulating the function of liver and spleen in treating irritable bowel syndrome of diarrhea type(IBS-D).Method Fifty-two patients with IBS-D were divided into 2 groups at random.The treatment group(30 cases) was given decoction of regulating the function of liver and spleen,the control group(22 cases) was given Pina Verium Bromide and placebo decoction.The course of treatment was 1 month.Every patient filled the irritable bowel severity scoring system(IBS-SSS) and quality of life in persons with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-QOL).The change of patient's clinical symptoms and nervous and neuropathy functions before and after treatment were recorded.The curative effects of the two groups was compared.Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group was better in the curative effects and CM syndromes(P0.05).The treatment group was prior to the control group in improving the patients' clinical symptoms and nervous and neuropathy functions,decreasing the clinical symptom score(P0.0l).The treatment group was also prior to the control group in decreasing the score of IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL(P0.0l).Conclusion The method of regulating the function of liver and spleen can alleviate the symptoms of IBS-D and improved the QOL.It is proved to be effective for IBS-D.


This study finds that income generation programs should not focus on women's labor as a means of empowerment. Empowerment should be directed to women's direct involvement in selling and accounting in the loan activity and in the techniques of lending agencies that promote empowerment. Borrowers are empowered through market activities and nonmarket strategies such as changing the institutional environment. Local women can be hired as group promoters. When payments are made to a collection post, local women promoters can be protected and travel to remote areas without fear for security. It is argued that goals are reached successfully, when tasks are clearly defined. Empowerment in this study means knowledge of accounting for the borrower's loan activity. It is argued that organizations that choose to make women's empowerment a goal can use this factor to measure program impact. Data for this study are obtained from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Grameen Bank (GB), and Save the Children, Bangladesh Field Office (SCF). The general model indicates that the borrower will be empowered in the process of taking out a loan and investing it in an activity. The likelihood that the credit process will lead to empowerment, given the multiple lending options, is tested in a probit model. Explanatory variables include location, borrower's direct contribution of labor to all or part of the activity, a borrower's direct involvement in buying supplies or selling or accounting for the loan, the lending organization (BRAC, GB, or SCF), loan amount, number of years of borrowing, and borrower position as a center or group chair. The results are based on the 826 loans of the 613 female borrowers. Significant features that contributed to borrower's knowledge included, in the order of significance, participation in accounting, selling, and labor. The key factor appeared to be market access. The impact of organization and involvement was maximized among individuals who had a 40-50% probability of being empowered. For example, a borrower, who had an initial propensity of being empowered of 20%, would have a 96.2% probability of being empowered as a result of accounting involvement.


We researched the influence of damage accumulation on the Poisson's ratio measured by echo-pulse acoustic method during plastic deformation of 12Kh18N10T steel. On the basis of the obtained experimental data we calculated the partial contributions to the change in the Poisson's ratio of damage accumulation and separation of the strain induced martensite phase.
The characteristics of stable cracks forming near strain martensite particles at small degrees of plastic strain have been analyzed by computer simulation. The theoretical dependence of the change in the Poisson's ratio due to crack formation during plastic deformation has been constructed. A good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical calculations has been obtained.


The design principles of the logical coprocessing kernel (LOCK) project are considered. LOCK is an advanced development of hardware-based computer security and cryptographic service modules. Much of the design and some of the implementation specifications are complete. The formal top level specification (FTLS) also is complete and the advanced noninterference proofs are beginning. This hardware-based approach has brought the LOCK project into many uncharted areas in the design, verification, and evaluation of an integrated information security system. System integration currently appears to be the single largest programatic problem. The authors examine two important design areas: design verification and porting Unix System V to a LOCK host. The verification tools seem able to verify design only and not implementation.<<ETX>>


The experience of different countries in countering global climate change shows the crucial role of management as a purposeful activity in organizing human interaction. International agreements, as a result of such interaction, cover various spheres of human activity. An example of universally meaningful and purposeful activity can be achievement of a global temperature goal by decarbonizing the economy of the whole world. The article presents the necessity and suggests the main directions for improving the theory and practice of using management standards based on the well-known principles of cybernetics. The relevance of using standard approaches to solving the decarbonization problem is proved by the comparative efficiency of decisions made at the level of energy policies of different countries and the need for corrective actions. It is not enough to know the theory - the practical application of General approaches in the theory of management to solving practical problems of ecology and energy can give a larger scale effect. The authors conclude that there is little consistency in the energy policies of the countries that signed the Paris Climate agreement. The isolation of innovation development at the level of individual countries, including Russia, does not allow us to use the prospects for technology exchange, taking into account the requirements of the agreement. Forced localization of production and ensuring energy security lead to a decrease in the rate of de-urbanization at the global level. The purpose of the research in the article was to identify the possibility of applying management theory to solve interstate problems in the field of global climate management. The authors show that the shortcomings in the environmental activities of individual countries and, especially, in their interaction are explained primarily by the departure from the known patterns of optimal organizational management, set out today in the management standards.


Bennett Reimer's towering book A Philosophy of Music Education1 was the culmination of the developmental period of the philosophy of aesthetic education. In fact, the history of aesthetic education philosophy stretches back almost two decades before the book's first edition was published in 1970. Those two decades were a time of agitation and change for the music education profession, with new methods either imported or created, numerous funded research projects, and a proliferation of new ideas that affected everything from philosophy to teaching to the business of music education.


The present study has been aimed at analyzing the cleaning effect of the rotary jet mixer which is established in the oil tank. The simulation program is CFX that is widely used to simulate the flow of thermal and fluid. The object of the study is to obtain the best cleaning condition of the rotary jet mixer with respect to two simulation factors. The first factor is the injection angle with range from 0° to 20°and the second factor is the rotating velocity with range from 1/360 to 1/120 (rpm). The numerical results were analyzed in term of the intensity of the jet streams.


In both Islamic law and International Humanitarian Law, war is an ultimum remedium (last resort) used to solve a problem after both parties cannot resolve their dispute or problem in a peaceful manner. This research was conducted using the normative legal research method. Based on the results of the research, it is known that international humanitarian law and Islamic law both provide protection for people who are involved in armed conflict, including people who have disappeared and died as a result of war. Persons involved in armed conflicts receive protection from international humanitarian law, as stipulated in Article 13 of the Geneva Convention 1949. Protected persons include combatants, militia and levee en maase members and civilians, but their protection has not been properly implemented, because there is still violence in every conflict. In Islam it is found in the Koran, Surat Al-Baqarah, verse 190; "And fight in the way of Allah those who fight against you, (but) do not cross the line, for verily Allah does not like those who transgress". Islam also prohibits attacks on non-combatants, Rasulullah SAW said: "Do not kill your parents, children and women" (H.R Abu Dawud).


The article considers the basic components of innovative capacity, the coefficient of each component according to the regions of North-West federal district and the overall integral factor of innovative capacity are evaluated.


In an Industry, the thing depends upon various amassing techniques like cutting assignment time, pulverizing time, squeezing time, etc so the association bases on legitimate assurance of least time method to complete finished thing. This base time focused is here improvement of thing. There are various approaches to manage light up improvement yet here we will use hereditary and PSO calculation methodology to upgrade the


An approach has been made to evaluate the kinetic constants for a two stage anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor system treating tannery wastewater. The research reported herein is concerned with the bench scale performance evaluation of the reactor system treating the wastewater and application of the data to various models to evaluate the kinetic constants for substrate bio‐oxidation, biomass growth and biogas yield.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of visitors' dietary habits on their acceptance of local food from the perspective of positive (e.g. local food involvement) and negative (e.g. food neophobia) food-related personality traits.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted on visitors to the Slow Food Festival in Taitung, Taiwan. A total of 327 valid questionnaire responses were collected and structural equation modeling was used to conduct path analyzes.

Findings
The analysis results supported all hypotheses. Food neophobia plays a key factor in moderating roles.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by integrating positive and negative perspectives of food-related personality traits. In addition, this study proposes that food neophobia plays a moderating role in food choice and behavioral decisions.


Re-sampling process is the technique used to create a new version of the image with different width and/or height in terms of pixels count. It may be either increasing the size of image so called upsampling or reducing its size so called down-sampling. In this paper we interest on down-sampling process. Hence, a DSP TMS320C6472 implementation of the down-sampling module is performed. The down-sampling method is based on poly-phase filter bank. A software design for this poly-phase filter interpolation on two levels is proposed in order to satisfy a significant time saving. Results show the efficiency of the down sampler filter especially for removing the aliasing artifacts. A good speed performance is performed for the two implementation design. For execution time results, we might attaint a gain of 33 % for multi-core design execution compared with the one core design.


th , 2012; revised: Oct. 22 nd , 2012; accepted: Nov. 13 th , 2012 Abstract: Plants endogenous fungi can be through diversified path to enhance plant nutrition physiological and defence functions. definition, classification of endogenous fungi and regulation relationship of endoge- nous fungi and plant defense control expounded in this paper, focus analysis for endogenous fungi important functional and characteristics of the induced defense enzymes, promote plant secondary metabolic product synthetic and enhance resist adversity, at the same time, those endogenous fungi induced plant intimate hor- mone synthesize, defense gene expression and mechanisms of signal transmission channels of defense were explore. This has clearly defined reciprocity relations of endogenous fungi and plant defense. And application prospects of endogenous fungi in agricultural production and scientific research mission in the future were advance, in order to further reveal pant defence mechanisms and improve the plants resistant to provide im- portant reference information.


In this paper, a new obstacle collision avoidance algorithm based on the model predictive control is proposed. The algorithm has the following advantages. First, the vehicle nonlinear dynamics as well as restrictions on the phase variables and the controls defining forbidden areas for the vehicle are taken into account. Second, an adaptation of the algorithm to the time-varying number of obstacles according to information coming in real-time from sensors is implemented. Third, the return to the prescribed trajectory after obstacles avoidance is provided. The ship collision avoidance on the sea surface is considered as an example.


of rhythmic co-ordinate contractions of the auricular muscle occurring at a rate of about 270 per minute in a case of auriculoventricular heart-block. The case had been described previously both by Gibson3 and myself,14 and polygraphic records had demonstrated that from June 1905 until August 1910 the auricles had been beating rhythmically at a rate of 246 to 300, except on three occasions when they were found to be contracting at a rate of 43 7 to 57*3 per minute. It was not until August 1909, however, that Jolly and 1, working in the Physiological Department of the University of Edinburgh, were able to demonstrate the auricular


As the socialist nations and nationalities grow closer together, the Russian language will naturally increase in importance as a second native language for all the peoples and nationalities inhabiting our multinational homeland, and will become a "powerful instrument in creating mutual links and solidarity among the Soviet peoples and a means to bring to them the finest achievements of domestic and world culture," as was aptly noted in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, entitled "On the Preparation for the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics."


the reality for the inhabitants of Kaerezi. He also draws attention to "the competing practices of spatial discipline," with people caught between relatively remote orders from the government and the more intimate admonishments of their chief. Sadly, while the disjointedness of the book may for some be emblematic of the complex mosaic that is Africa, it also limits its readability, at least for this author. At the heart of African complexity is the tension between formal institutions and the many informal ones that frame micropractices and, in turn, are reproduced by them. While Moore describes this tension well at the local level, his understandable detachment from the apparatus of government prevents him from penetrating very deeply its surface veneer of modernity. We hear, for example, that land has been reallocated to "war veterans" who were born after independence was secured, but it would have been nice to learn more about the cycling of power through these and other human-material networks. Similarly, while Kaerezi is close to the border with Mozambique, the complexity of life in the borderlands does not come through as strongly as it might. Decolonizing the mind may be more difficult in Zimbabwe today than in most other African countries because people's everyday practices, and the mentalities that these sustain, are still affected by the colonial heritage of land distribution. As the hegemonic political discourse is rooted in opposition to racialized land possession, it will take a long time for Zimbabweans to free their minds from colonial imposition. Until then, all academics can do is to document life in that country as accurately as they can. Donald Moore's book is a valuable contribution toward that end.


Aiming at shortage of index identified and membership function selected in existing evaluation,a new method of fuzzy evaluation for design scheme base on information axiom is proposed.First,a zigzag mapping model is designed between target area and index area following the principle of axioms design and a comprehensive evaluation index system is established for product design scheme.Second,according to the different relations between index and design range,the evaluation indexes are divided into different types whose membership grade can be described by the normal fuzzy distribution curve.The calculation method is given for the corresponding information of index and can be applied in the scheme evaluation of the mechanical parking system.Last,the process of fuzzy evaluation is modeled based on information axiom.


Objective
To survey the demands of tobacco control service among male smoking patients in primary health care settings in Shanghai.

Methods
Eight community health service centers in Shanghai were selected through stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 1 458 male patients, who visited their doctors in community health centers in January 2017, completed the questionnaire and were eligible for our study. The contents of questionnaire included demographic information, smoking history, knowledge of tobacco smoking, attitudes toward tobacco control; and the questions regarding smoking cessation service were only for the smokers.

Results
Of the 1 458 male patients, there were 679 current smokers (46.6%, 679/1 458), among whom 358 (52.7%, 358/679) intended to quit. The demand rate for the knowledge regarding tobacco and health, smoking cessation plan, overcoming barriers were 58.9% (211/358), 56.4% (202/358) and 53.1%(190/358), respectfully. The rate of demand for smoking cessation hotline was 38.5% (138/358). Those who were under 45 years of age, retirees, suffering from chronic disease (s), having knowledge of tobacco, having knowledge of smoking cessation pathway (s), smoking cessation recommendation from medical staff were more willing to accept tobacco control services.

Conclusions
The demand for tobacco control services and utilization rate are relatively low among male smoking patients in primary health care settings in Shanghai. Based on the results acquired from the survey the appropriate measures should be taken.

Key words:
Community health center; Tobacco use cessation; Health services needs and demand; Questionnaires


Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine patient reported adherence and problems in using glaucoma medications.

Methods: In the United States, 324 patients on adjunctive therapy who were seen at four geographically distinct ophthalmology practices participated. In India, 243 patients seen at a glaucoma clinic in an eye hospital in Southern India participated. All patients were asked to complete a survey before their visits with their ophthalmologists.

Results: The U.S. sample ranged in age from 20 to 91 (mean age 68 years) and was 48% female. The India sample ranged in age from 19 to 90 (mean 63 years) and was 36% female. Sixty-one percent of the U.S. sample and 42% of the India sample reported one or more problems in using their glaucoma medications. Fourteen percent of the U.S. sample reported being less than 100% adherent in taking their glaucoma medications in the past week. Patients who had difficulty remembering to take their glaucoma medications and those who reported other problems or concerns were significantly more likely to report being less adherent. Six percent of the India sample reported being less than 100% adherent in the past week. Patients who reported difficulty squeezing the bottle and those who reported difficulty opening the bottle were significantly more likely to reported being less adherent.

Conclusions: Patients in the U.S. and India reported many problems in using their glaucoma medications and in each country specific types of problems were related to patient non-adherence.


A new case study for the AP curriculum, based on a marine biology simulation program will be released for the 2000-2001 academic year. The case study highlights linear and two-dimensional data structures, object interaction, object-oriented design, and discrete simulation. This seminar will introduce the new case study to AP teachers and other interested CS educators, and will discuss how it can be integrated into the AP (or CS 1 and CS 2) curricula.


Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a transpiring entity, which possesses high short‐term/early mortality (28 days). Several mortality predictors have been studied, but none were proved reliable. Serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant and marker of hepatic necro‐inflammation, is found to predict mortality in multiple liver diseases. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum ferritin and other clinical features, biochemical parameters and conventional scoring systems in predicting early mortality among ACLF.


The possibility of cleaning the uranium ore solutions from insoluble difficult to filter components at bowl screw centrifuge has been shown. Optimal operating conditions for the concrete raw material type are chosen by selecting angular frequencies of rotor and screw revolution. The conclusion was drawn that automated control of rotation frequency of rotor and screw electric drive and relative screw backward from rotor by frequency converters is optimal for studying the modes of separating suspensions at screw centrifuges.


Introduction: Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors. They probably are developmental malformations rather than true neoplasms and are thought to originate within the periosteum as small cartilaginous nodules. The lesions consist of a bony mass produced by progressive endochondral ossification of a growing cartilaginous cap. Osteochondromas usually are found on the metaphysis of a long bone near the physis such as distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Surgical treatment for femur neck osteochondroma is difficult due to the high risk of avascular necrosis following excision. These lesions in femur are in close proximity to important neurovascular bundle and can cause symptoms related to their compression. Furthermore, the symptoms related to labral tear and hip impingement are common. Recurrence is rare and is caused by failure to remove the entire cartilaginous cap. Case Report: A 25-year-old female presented with the complaints of pain in the right hip and difficulty in walking and running for 1 year. On radiological examination, the right femur neck osteochondroma was diagnosed, it was located along the posteroinferior margin of the femur neck. Surgical removal of the lesion was done in lateral decubitus position using posterolateral approach to hip without dislocation of the femur. Conclusion: Osteochondroma at femur neck can be safely removed without surgical hip dislocation. It's necessary to remove it completely to avoid recurrence.


In this paper, we use an analytical model to investigate voltage drop across the conductors of a three‐phase parallel wire planar transmission line carrying balanced currents. The expressions derived for the voltage drops are identical to those given by the perfect conductor model except for a term arising due to the propagation of fields inside the conductors. The voltage drops thus calculated yield different values for the two end conductors even when they are symmetrically placed with respect to the central conductor. The calculations show that the imaginary part of the correction term is of more significance than the real part. The results obtained show agreement with the measured values.


"It is a story of stirring adventure, of hardship and of financial losses and profits. Webb was an unusual man, as were most of the traders of his day and since, and though thirty years elapsed from the time he began to recount his adventures, the memory of them remained undimmed."--Boston Transcript. "The account Webb has left has a brave accent of history; and Professor Bieber has edited it with Herculean care."--New Republic. Webb's journal "gives data on the character and hazards of the Santa Fe Trail, the varieties of goods and the methods of the trade, the crafty exactions of Mexican officials, and the devices of traders to escape the imposts. There are good descriptions of the houses, business and life in Santa Fe, and of the general conditions in the territory to the southward."--LeRoy R. Hafen, American Historical Review. James Josiah Webb left Independence, Missouri, in the summer of 1844 and headed down the Santa Fe Trail with goods bought in St. Louis. Although his first venture as a trader was a failure, he eventually made a fortune as a merchant in Santa Fe. Webb recorded his youthful experiences in 1888, and Ralph P. Bieber, a respected scholar and researcher on western expansion, edited and annotated his journal for publication more than forty years later. Long out of print, Adventures in the Santa Fe Trade is an entertaining and important source of first-hand information about the Santa Fe Trail and trade; trappers, Mexicans, and Indian tribes of the Old Southwest; and the impact of the Mexican War on southwestern trade. Introducing this edition is Mark L. Gardner, a freelance writer and historian and the editor of Brothers on the Santa Fe and Chihuahua Trails: Edward James Glasgow & William Henry Glasgow, 1846-1848.


The current paper will apply child psychology to design various teaching activities which enhances self-regulated learning. The purposes of this paper are (1) to explore the relationship between self-regulated learning and students' academic performance, (2) to design effective teaching activities which are beneficial to students' cognitive development, (3) to understand factors which influence identity development through instructions using a psychologic perspective.


The present invention is a diagnostic request for the diagnosis of the oxygen sensor from that, the invention relates to a method for assessing the oxygen sensor of the hybrid vehicle with the HSG (Hybrid Starter Generator) for the startup of the engine (Engine Management System) EMS for controlling the engine, receiving a signal; If in response to receiving the diagnostic request signal, which excel off (OFF) and the vehicle speed is satisfied is not determined, and the Ta drive condition is Ta driving conditions that must be present in the deceleration range determined in advance it is satisfied open the engine clutch (Open) the method comprising; If the engine clutch is open, the method comprising: while by controlling the HSG driving the engine with the reference speed determined in advance at the same time in response to the diagnostic request signal to perform fuel cut (fuel-cut) of the engine; And when the engine is driven at a standard speed while performing the fuel cut of the engine, it characterized in that the EMS includes the step of controlling to perform a diagnosis of the oxygen sensor. Thus, the present invention can reduce the fuel consumption can be by changing the engine driving system by keeping the engine clutch coupled to the engine driven by the constant speed control of HSG, increasing the regenerative energy, expanding the oxygen sensor diagnostic entry conditions it may be possible to improve the drivability of the vehicle.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide up-to-date evidence on the net effect of COVID-19 pandemic on international arrivals and occupancy rates in Greece. Analysis and forecasting point out the demand for 2020, and thus yielding more concrete evidence on the pure effect of the pandemic on the tourism industry.Design/methodology/approachMonthly observations from January 2000 to December 2020 were extracted from the Tourist Enterprises Association (SETE) for Athens, Thessaloniki, Kalamata, Rhodes, Mytilene, Santorini, Zante, Kefalonia and Crete. To model and forecast the volatility and the time trend effect of tourist arrivals individually, the study applies the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (p,d,q) and the error, trend, seasonality (ETS) model.FindingsEmpirical results suggested that Athens, Thessaloniki and Crete were three destinations with the worst losses in international tourist arrivals. Specifically, Athens was expecting to have (without the existence of COVID-19) more than 330,000 tourist arrivals in December 2020 while instead only 73,000 international tourists visited Athens that period. Similarly, Thessaloniki and the island of Crete lost more than 150,000 international visitors during December 2020.Originality/valueThe author's study adds to a growing number of studies regarding the impact of COVID-19 by incorporating monthly international arrival data and occupancy rate data for the whole 2020 reflecting differences in transportation or vacation choices. Also, the authors operationalized multiple time-series forecasting models (ETS and ARIMA) for reaching more concrete forecasts and estimates on the effect of COVID-19 on the Greek tourism sector.


Internet addiction", "differences caused by overuse of the Internet" or "irrational and pathological use of the Internet" all are phrases used to describe one of the modern diseases caused by the Internet. Present research aims to comparatively study the mean Internet addiction among students of Zahedan and Kerman universities of medical sciences in 2014. The present research was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. The statistical sample included 220 students of Zahedan and Kerman universities of medical sciences in 2013 who were selected using the stratified random sampling method. A three-part questionnaire (demographics, Young's Internet Addiction Test, and Spiritual Health Questionnaire) was used for collecting the require data and information. The results of this study showed that the mean age of students was 2.08 ± 21.19, in an age range of 18-35. In addition, 51.4%, 48.6%, 11.4%, and 88.6% of students were female, male, married, and single, respectively. In terms of educational grade, 75% of them were bachelor's and 25% were PhD students. Based on total scores of Internet Addiction Test, 55.9% of students participated in this study were ordinary users and 35.9%, 5.9%, and 2.3% of them, respectively, were mild, moderate, and severe addicted users. One of the most important measures for the proper management of the Internet use is to set a specific time for the Internet use. In addition, understanding the attitudes and thoughts of individuals who spend much time surfing the net and are affected with some sort of Internet addiction helps us to develop and implement more disciplined and organized deterrence programs for Internet addiction.


We present a theory and conceptual examples for fibre-optic deformation sensing based on phase changes of transmitted light. As a first result, we establish an exact relation between observable phase changes and the deformation tensor along the fibre. This relation is non-linear and includes effects related to both local changes in fibre length and deformation-induced changes of the local refractive index. In cases where the norm of the deformation tensor is much smaller than 1, a useful first-order relation can be derived. It connects phase changes to an integral over in-line strain along the fibre times the local refractive index. When spatial variations of the refractive index are negligible, this permits the calculation of phase change measurements from distributed strain measurements, for instance, from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). An alternative form of the first-order relation reveals that a directional sensitivity determines the ability of a point along the fibre to measure deformation. This directional sensitivity is proportional to fibre curvature and spatial variability of the refractive index. In a series of simple conceptual examples, we illustrate how a seismic wavefield is represented in a phase change time series and what the role of higher-order effects may be. Specifically, we demonstrate that variable curvature along the fibre may lead to a multiplication of seismic waves, meaning that a single seismic wave appears multiple times in a recording of optical phase changes. Furthermore, we show that higher-order effects may be observable in specific scenarios, including deformation exactly perpendicular to the fibre orientation. Though higher-order effects may be realised in controlled laboratory settings, they are unlikely to occur in seismic experiments where fibre geometries are irregular and waves asymptotically propagate in all directions with all possible polarisations as a consequence of 3-D heterogeneity. Our results provide the mathematical foundation for the analysis of emerging transmission-based fibre-optic sensing data, and their later use in seismic event characterisation and studies of Earth structure.


The immobilized lysine catalyst is shown to be highly active for the Knoevenagel reaction of various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate.


A method for defining electric global quantities, i.e. currents and voltages, in finite element magnetodynamic H-formulations is presented. It makes use of edge finite elements, which enables direct definition of currents in a strong sense as well as exploitation of the discrete weak formulation to define voltages in a natural weak way, without the need of any supplementary integral formula. It is applied to massive and stranded inductors for defining voltage sources and for coupling with circuit equations.


Ismail Hakki Bursaw ī (1652–1725), as being an important sufi of his period, at the same time, was a productive author, with more than approximately hundred and thirty works and carried his influence even after his death. Ruhu'l-Mathnawī, which is respected as one of his main works is commentary to Mawlānā's well known Mathnawī' s first 748 couplets in Volume 1. Bursaw ī , while commenting Mathnawī , abunduntly used, like he did in his other works, the innovations of Prophet Muhammad. Innovations of Prophet Muhammad used by Sufis have been the subject of argument throughout the history and violently critisized by some of the scientists of Islamic Theology. Bursaw ī , who did not hesitate to use the Innovations of Prophet Muhammad, which are app-rowed and respected by Sufis, had his share of this critisizm. In this article, his education and uses of the innovations of Prophed Muhammad in his commentaries, will be listed with their sources and presented to the benefit of the researchers.


Of the various sources of pollutants industrial effluents containing heavy metals pose a threat to the ecosystem. These metals are present in the waste water of different industries such as metal cleaning, plating baths, refineries, mining, electroplating, paper and pulp, paint, textile and tanneries. Water used in these industries creates a waste that has potential hazards for our environment because of the introduction of various contaminants such as heavy metals into soil and water resources. Presence of pollutants in effluent is a common environmental hazard since the toxic metal ions dissolved can ultimately reach the top of the food chain and becomes a risk factor for human beings.


This review reports on the current state and the potential of tools and systems designed to aid online searching, referred to here as online searching aids. Intermediary mechanisms are examined in terms of the two stage model, i.e. end‐user, intermediary, 'raw database', and different forms of user — system interaction are discussed. The evolution of the terminology of online searching aids is presented with special emphasis on the expert/non‐expert division. Terms defined include gateways, front‐end systems, intermediary systems and post‐processing. The alternative configurations that such systems can have and the approaches to the design of the user interface are discussed. The review then analyses the functions of online searching aids, i.e. logon procedures, access to hosts, help features, search formulation, query reformulation, database selection, uploading, downloading and post‐processing. Costs are then briefly examined. The review concludes by looking at future trends following recent developments in computer science and elsewhere. Distributed expert based information systems (debis), the standard generalised mark‐up language (SGML), the client‐server model, object‐orientation and parallel processing are expected to influence, if they have not done so already, the design and implementation of future online searching aids.


Introduction: In this study we aimed to determine the normal lower limits of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude of the radial nerve by taking into account age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Three hundred thirty‐four volunteers, 168 men and 166 women, were recruited. Sensory nerve conduction studies of the radial nerve were performed, and reproducible waveforms were obtained. Results: The mean radial SNAP amplitude was 44.87 ± 14.58 (range 24–92) μV. SNAP amplitude had a statistically strong negative correlation with age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects. A multiple linear correlation equation was computed, based on age and BMI of the subjects, to calculate the lower normal limits of radial SNAP and to construct the corresponding nomogram. Conclusion The lower limit of normal SNAP amplitude of the radial nerve, determined in individual subjects using the nomogram, is a useful tool for detection of polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 53: 136–139, 2016


A chief medical officer makes a statement that in 1997 and during the first half of 1998 an estimated 140000 women mainly among the poor Indians were sterilized in Peru. Additionally thousands of forced abortions occurred often under deficient health care conditions. This amounts to a gigantic veritable genocide on a level not even achieved by the Spanish colonists in the 1500s. The government of Peru bears principal responsibility for this murder but Peruvian medical circles that carry out these evil acts are also partially to blame. The question since has been one of how the Swedish Medical Association is to act through its international contacts to condemn these activities. The executive director and spokesman of the World Medical Association (WMA) has responded by saying that this issue will be taken up with his Peruvian colleagues at the next meeting of the board in April 1999. If the allegations are correct within the WMA all efforts will be exerted in collaboration with the Peruvian medical association to stop forced sterilizations. In the early 1990s several Peruvian doctors were sentenced to 20 years imprisonment for collaboration with the terrorist organization Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path). The only crime of these doctors was that they treated sick or wounded people who later reported them to the police as sympathizers with Sendero Luminoso. WMA believes that they should be free. The WMAs stance on this matter illustrates that it is well aware of the importance of human rights in the health care sector.


Drilling accident frequently occurs during geological exploration and construction process,which not only brings enormous property and economic loss to the enterprise,but also endangers the security of the person.Due to the uncertainty of field construction operation,it is difficult to quantify analyze.In combination with actual engineering,drilling accident index evaluation system is constructed,in which,analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is applied to determine the weights to establish AHP-Fuzzy evaluation model.The combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluates their risk,which shall provide the basis for safety decision-making for the enterprise.


An artificial feedforward neural network is used for online control of a certain class of partially known single-input, single-output dynamic systems. The neural network's task is to provide an approximation of the unknown input-output behavior of the dynamic system to the controller in order to drive the system's behaviour according to specifications given by a reference model. The error correction-based learning algorithm used to update the weights of the single layer neural network used in the control scheme allows dynamic adjustment of their values to cope with varying signals coming from the dynamic plant.<<ETX>>


The problem of double injection into an insulator having ohmic contacts and a finite electron-hole recombination rate has been studied by Parmenter and Ruppel,1 who have given an exact solution, and also by Lampert,2 who has used physical ideas to develop flexible approximate methods that can be applied to this problem.


Concern for immigrants as victims of crime or immigrant victims' access to justice has been scarce. The lack of research on the victimization of immigrants is undoubtedly related to the difficulty of obtaining valid data on the immigration status of crime victims. Another reason for the lack of research on immigrants as victims is what researchers working within the social constructionist tradition would describe as the process of defining victim categories and of 'making claims' (Spector and Kitsuse, 1977) on behalf of those categories. Victim-activists have been remarkably successful at placing a variety of victim categories and victim issues on the public agenda including elder abuse, hate crime, child abuse, intimate partner violence, and crime against the elderly. The fact that they have not cast 'immigrants' in the role of star victim' does not necessarily mean that concern about immigrant victimization does not exist at all. Rather, it is because certain immigrant troubles have been subsumed under politically hotter topics, such as 'hate crime' and 'domestic violence'. The articles included here reflect the fragmented and thin state of our knowledge about immigrants as victims of crime. Each of the articles makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the various dimensions of this increasingly significant problem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)


The research work here presented was conducted with the aim of developing and transferring the skills and methodologies required to promote and enhance operational research capacity in differently resourced health care settings. The program has been built on three different intertwining components: first, theoretical learning of research methods, with focus on epidemiology and biostatistics; then the application of acquired skills to develop and conduct independent original research in collaboration with international research groups and finally, transferring the research skills either in coordinating and preparing a multicenter study in a resourced-limited setting or in analyzing, reviewing and editing works of other researchers.

The present thesis includes a summary of the competencies acquired at university of Padova and at the Harvard School of Public Health, reports the original research carried out by the candidate during the program and outlines the research activities in which the candidate was involved as coordinator and collaborator,
The three original research works were cohort studies (prospective or retrospective) on infectious disease epidemiology or progression (HIV and gastroenteritis).

The first and main original research work was a survival study realized on a multicenter cohort of HIV patients in a low-middle income country (Thailand) with an international research group. This prospective cohort's objective was to estimate survival at 5 years for patients with HIV treated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and to identify the risk factors for mortality occurring immediately after starting ART (early mortality, defined as 6 months). The rationale was that in resource limited settings, while early mortality is known to be high and caused by advanced disease status at the time of treatment initiation, much less is known on magnitude and predictors of long-term mortality in these settings. The candidate was involved in data collection, and was responsible for planning the study and its analysis, analyzing the data, interpreting the results and composing the corresponding paper and poster.

The second work was the analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort of HIV patients in Canada. The aim of the study was to identify which variables known at baseline could predict the occurrence of end stage liver disease in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection. The candidate planned the study and its analysis, analyzed the data, interpreted the results and along with co-authors, wrote the corresponding publications .
The third work was a retrospective cohort study, aimed to describe the epidemiology and management of a common infectious disease (acute gastroenteritis) at ambulatory facilities in Italy. The role of the candidate was to interpret and discuss results, as well as organize and collaboratively write the final paper.
Finally, during this program, the candidate was involved in skill transferring activities: specific aspects of research (for example literature review) for teachers and formal training on epidemiology for medical students in an university in resource limited settings, site investigator and coordinator of a multicenter study on HIV prevention in resources limited settings; collaborating in results interpretation and paper writing with units in a tertiary level hospital (Padova University).

In conclusion, in these years of doctoral training, the candidate acquired specific and technical competencies in research methodology, focusing on conducting and planning operational research in differently resourced settings in which medical care is provided. She further demonstrated how effectively her skills could be applied in various research environments, leading to the production of works either published, presented in international conferences or under review for publication. Finally, her skills were transferred to support the inception of new studies, leading to an enhanced research capacity in necessitous environments.