The Poloidal Field (PF1) coil is one of six PF coils of the ITER magnet system. The PF1 is composed as a stack of eight double pancakes (DPs). The DPs are wound from NbTi superconducting cable "cable-in-conduit" type and have cooling by liquid helium. The supplying of liquid helium is carried out through helium inlets, which are one of the critical structural elements of DPs and PF1. During the PF1 coil operating, helium inlets are undergone by cyclic mechanical loads. In this case, it is necessary to check the design of helium inlets by carry out fatigue tests at cryogenic temperature. In 2013, the design of helium inlets was changed. In accordance to these changes, the new manufacturing process of helium inlet was developed. A new helium inlet sample was manufactured. The fatigue tests of this sample were carried out in accordance to ASTM standard E739-91(1998) "Standard Practice for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (e-N) Fatigue Data." This paper presents comparative analysis of manufacturing process of previous and new helium inlet designs, details, and results of fatigue tests.


Software-Defined Network (SDN) is a network architecture which decouple network control and forwarding functions, enabling network control to become directly programmable. The SDN paradigm can bring new opportunities to enhance security of power grid communication and SCADA/EMS networks, offering new approaches for preventing, detecting and mitigating cyberattacks. Based on this reality, the SDN-microSENSE project intends to provide a set of secure, privacy-enabled and resilient to cyberattacks tools, thus ensuring the normal operation of EPES. During the pilot massive false data injection attack will be launched concurrently against SCADA/EMS system, that will target the data integrity. The main objective of the pilot is tovalidate the SDN microSENSE platform in the operational environment of the Bulgarian grid operator.


Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were chosen as C 3 and C 4 crop plants and assessed for the impact of enhanced CO 2 (700 ppm) and its interaction with drought stress in open top chambers (OTCs). The ameliorative effect of higher CO 2 concentration (eCO 2 ) under drought stress was quantified. It is interesting to note that the C 3 crop responded significantly and positively with eCO 2 under both well-watered and drought stress treatments for root: shoot ratio while C 4 crop showed a better response only with the drought stress environment. Root volume showed a positive significant response with CO 2 concentration enhanced over ambient level and the increment in root volume was 146% and 340% in sunflower and maize crops, respectively. The leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and transpiration showed a decreasing trend in both the crops with drought stress and eCO 2 showed an ameliorative effect leading to higher P n rates in sunflower crop under drought stress treatment. The findings reveal that improvement of root traits is worth attempting for the future crop behavioral responses under eCO 2 and drought stress environments. The study confirmed the beneficial effect of eCO 2 in maize and sunflower by ameliorating the adverse affects of drought stress.


The monthly, seasonal and annual quantity estimates of vertical fluxes of sedimentary matter from the surface layer of the Arctic Ocean, performed out over the years by various researchers, are the basis for direct calculations of incoming chemical components, minerals, and various pollutants to the surface layer of bottom sediments.


Dynamic regression models (also known as distributed lag models) are widely used in engineering for quality control and in economics for forecasting. In this article I propose a procedure for specifying such models in practice. The proposed procedure requires no prewhitening and can directly handle the nonstationary series. Furthermore, the procedure cross-validates prior beliefs about causal relationships between variables with empirical findings to ensure the suitability of model structure. An illustrative example is given.


Scientific and political thinking on youth usually focuses on the problems of deviance, risky behaviour, delinquency and dropping out of school, most often forgetting the heuristic aspect of the gender variable. The analysis of the distribution of girls and boys in the leisure time, spaces and facilities of three suburban districts in the Bordeaux area shows that the boys dominate organized leisure activities while a huge number of girls give these up when they enter secondary school. It is as though boys invest public spaces when organized activities no longer offer them a solution, while girls disappear from these spaces and withdraw to the private sphere.


This study was to develop a new building material, wood-crete, using sawdust, waste paper and tradical lime. The paper presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance of the developed composites and properties of wood-crete. The results showed that lightweight sustainable blocks can be produced with good insulating and other relevant properties for building construction. The composition of mix (addition of waste paper), had a dominant influence on both strength and thermal conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite and contribution of self strength of paper fibres. The combined effect of sawdust, waste paper and tradical lime had a direct effect on the strength properties of wood-crete. Of significant importance was the contribution of self strength of wood-crete due to the influence of the size of sawdust particles used. The developed wood-crete was able to withstand considerable amount of impact load and considered, like hempcrete, most suitable for wall panelling or other nonand semi-structural applications with good thermal insulating properties.


The antiviral effect of r-IFNa on HBV replication has been proven "in vivo". However there is no information about the changes induced by the r-IFNa in the patterns of HBV-DNA, specially in children. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the r-IFNa over the liver HBV-DNA patterns in children with chronic hepatitis B.30 children with CAH histologically proved were included. All of them had HBeAg and serum HBV-DNA for at least 6 months prior to the beginning of the study. Two liver biopsies were obtained from all the patients, one just before the treatment and the second at the 15th month.HBV-DNA was tested in serum by dot blot and in liver by southern blot hybridization. In the first liver sample all children had replicative intermediates of the viral DNA and in one of them the HBV-DNA was also integrated in the host genome. In the second liver biopsy, in the children who did not respond to the therapy (HBV-DNA+ in serum) the replicative forms of the HBV-DNA remained in the liver and in 3 children inegrated HBV-DNA was detected simultaneously. Among the 9 patients who lost serum HBV-DNA at the end of the therapy, in 8 of them the viral DNA was undetectable in their liver, in the other child integrated and episomal forms non replicatives of the HBV-DNA were detected. None of the responder children lost the HBsAg in serum. To investigate this fact we looked for the presence of HBV-DNA in peripheral blood cells by dot-blot. None of these children showed viral DNA in these cells.In conclusion, HBV-DNA can be integrated in the host genome early in the natural history of the HBV- chronic infection. Our results suggest the antiviral effect of the r-IFNa of hepatic level. The persistence of HBsAg in the responder children is not maintained at expenses of HBV-DNA expression in mononuclear blood cells.


The snowpack evolution during the melt season on an Arctic glacier is assessed using ground-based oblique-view cameras, spaceborne imaging and spaceborne RADAR. The repeated and systematic Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) imaging by the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 spaceborne RADARs allows for all-weather, all-illumination condition monitoring of the snow-covered fraction of the glacier and hence assessing its water production potential. A comparison of the RADAR reflectivity with optical and multispectral imaging highlights the difference between the observed quantities—water content in the former, albedo in the latter—and the complementarity for understanding the snow melt processes. This work highlights the temporal inertia between the visible spring melting of the snowpack and the snow metamorphism. It was found that the snowpack exhibits that approximately 30 days before it starts to fade.


The Fibonacci lengths of the finite p -groups have been studied by R. Dikici and co-authors since 1992. All of the considered groups are of exponent p , and the lengths depend on the celebrated Wall number k(p) . The study of p -groups of nilpotency class 3 and exponent p has been done in 2004 by R. Dikici as well. In this paper we study all of the p -groups of nilpotency class 3 and exponent p 2 . This completes the study of Fibonacci length of all $p$-groups of order p 4 , proving that the Fibonacci length is k(p 2 ) .


The morphological and photosynthetic activity were characterized in six genotypes of American oil palm (E. oleifera) of different origins and three of their OxG hybrids (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) with a completely randomized experimental design, three replications and 16 palms per replication. Determinations were made for: photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content, stomatal openings and density, specific leaf area, and measurements of vegetative growth. The genotypes were differentiated by growth rate, emission, area and dry weight of the leaves. The stomatal openings of all the genotypes were maximum in the morning hours, with partial closures at midday; therefore, the maximum rate of photosynthesis was between 9:00 and 12:00 hr. The 'Peru' American oil palm and 'hybrid 2' (Sinu-Coari × La Me) showed higher CO2 internal concentrations, total chlorophyll contents, light saturation points and photosynthetic rates, even with low levels of photosynthetically active radiation; characteristics that indicate a high capacity for the fixation of CO2. The photosynthetic rate showed a high positive correlation with the chlorophyll content and a negative correlation with the specific leaf area. In conclusion, the 'Peru' American oil palm showed relevant characteristics for use in breeding programs as female parent of OxG hybrids, while 'hybrid 2', due to its outstanding morphophysiological characteristics, is considered a genotype with good agronomic performance.


The unpowered to powered failure rate ratio (??/?) is a key system reliability design parameter. An initial assumption of this ratio can greatly influence a system design. Furthermore, some system configurations, e.g., parallel system, are much more sensitive to this ratio than other configurations, e.g., TMR/Spares system. However, regardless of which standby redundancy technique is considered, the system reliability dependence on this key parameter increases as the number of standby spares increases. Currently available published statistical data on ? and ?? are not consistent enough to be a useful design aid for system designers. Thus, an effort needs to be made to correlate these data and/or obtain additional, better defined and substantiated data.


In this paper, a new speed sensorless control algorithm is introduced for induction machine (IM) drives, which utilizes the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) as state estimator. The CKF is a relative new approach to nonlinear state estimation, which uses a spherical-radial cubature rule in order to compute numerically the multivariate moment integrals. Using an augmented state space model of the IMs, CKF provides load torque estimation and sufficient control performance under difficult operating conditions. The proposed control algorithm is validated by MATLAB simulation in this work.


Clathrin is the principal protein involved in receptor mediate endocytosis and the main component of the coated vesicles. It is composed of three identical clathrin heavy chains (CHC), each with an attached light chain. We characterized the deduced amino acid sequence of the partial cDNA clone of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Pam) CHC. The analysis showed that this sequence is represented as multiple alpha helical repeats occurred in the arm region of the CHC and displayed a high level of identity and similarity to mosquitoes and Drosophila melanogaster CHCs. This is the first report on CHC from a hemimetabolous insect. The amplified CHC probe could hybridize two CHC transcripts in the current preparations, 6.3 kb and 7.3 kb. The Northern blot analysis confirmed that a 6.3 kb transcript is specifically expressed in ovarian tissues at high levels throughout the ovarian development, especially in previtellogenic ovaries (Days 1-4) but dropped during the vitellogenic period (days 5-7) and ultimately no transcript was detected in fully vitellogenic ovaries (days 9-13). Immunoblot analysis detected an ovary specific CHC protein of ~175 kDa that was present in previtellogenic ovaries on the day of female emergence and after initiation of vitellogenesis and onset of Vg uptake. Immunocytochemistry localized CHC protein to germ-line derived cells, oocytes, and revealed that CHC translation begins very early during oocyte differentiation in the germarium. The present work suggested a possible role for clathrin in the early fluid phase endocytosis (pinocytosis) in addition to its role in receptor-mediated endocytosis.


We compared post-infection SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses among children and adults while the D614G-like strain and Alpha, Iota and Delta variants circulated.

 During August 2020–October 2021, households with adults and children were enrolled in Utah, New York City, and Maryland. Participants collected weekly respiratory swabs that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and had sera collected during enrollment and follow-up. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nAb by pseudovirus assay. Post-infection titers were characterized with biexponential decay models.

 80 participants had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study (47 with D614G-like virus, 17 with B.1.1.7, and 8 each with B.1.617.2 and B.1.526 virus). Homologous nAb geometric mean titers (GMTs) trended higher in adults (GMT=2320) versus children 0-4 (GMT=425, p=0.33) and 5-17 years (GMT=396, p=0.31) at 1-5 weeks post-infection but were similar from 6 weeks. Timing of peak titers was similar by age. Results were consistent when participants with self-reported infection before enrollment were included (n=178).

 SARS-CoV-2 nAb titers differed in children compared to adults early after infection but were similar by 6 weeks post-infection. If post-vaccination nAb kinetics have similar trends, vaccine immunobridging studies may need to compare nAb responses in adults and children 6 weeks or more following vaccination.


The integrated weed management (IWM) concept applied to arable cropland is based on four main parameters: a drastic reduction in herbicide applications through the use of non-chemical techniques that are effective in directly or indirectiy (soil tillage, cultivar, sowing date, crop density, nitrogen fertilization, irrigation) controlling weed population densities; the use of post-emergence chemical treatments and mechanical soil tillage based on economic weed damage thresholds, so as to avoid systematic pre-emergence weed control; crop rotations taken into consideration in weed control decisions and soil seed bank regulation; the use of models (even simple) to assist in making treatment decisions that are in line with crop management, while assessing long-term weed control strategies. Various crop management techniques can complement or partly replace chemical weed control. Soil tillage is still the main non-chemical weed control measure. However, as farmers are reducing tillage (combined operations, shallow-tillage) to an increasing extent, weed densities are expected to increase, with a higher dependancy on herbicides in such cropping systems. Mechanical weeding is a time-consuming operation that can only partially supplement a lack of chemical control. Weed cover could be substantially reduced by increasing crop densities, but this could prompt a concomitant increase in disease risk, crop lodging and soil water depletion. Herbicide use could be adequately reduced through the introduction of highly competitive crop cultivars, but further data on the ability of existing cultivars to compete with major weeds is required. It is questionable whether changing sowing dates, N fertilization and irrigation patterns is an effective strategy for preventing weed development. A diversified crop rotation, alternating summer and winter crops, soil tillage depths and herbicides, generally results in a less competitive and abundant but more diversified weed flora. Weed seed dispersal at harvest should be controlled more carefully to prevent the introduction of new species and soil seed bank contamination. Integrated weed control programmes should aim at optimizing herbicide efficacy (suitable climatic conditions, adjuvants, weed growth stages) in order to reduce dosages. It is not yet clear how these techniques could be efficiently integrated or combined within cropping Systems. Moreover, the adoption of IWM by farmers is limited by several factors: moderate herbicide costs; non-restrictive policy on the use of chemicals; time required for field surveys; combined techniques are more complicated than conducting spray treatments; higher risk techniques; and a wide range of skills required. IWM development is restricted by the low overall understanding of weed biology and ecology and by the complexity of weed problems. Reference weed damage thresholds are only available for cereals, highlighting the need for further modelling to develop integrated weed thresholds, under a wider range of crop management, soil fertility and weather conditions. In France, the increasing social demand for food security, unpolluted drinking water, landscape quality, and possible EC environmental regulations, could lead to herbicide restrictions and greater interest in IWM for arable cropland.


Minute values of all three geomagnetic field components X, Y, Z (north-south, east-west and vertically downward components respectively) were taken from four observatories in Africa (Bangui, Mbour and Tamarraset) and South Atlantic (Ascension Island) during the total solar eclipse and analysed. Results were compared with the Comprehensive Model (CM4) to see whether the model was able to reasonably predict the observatory data during the eclipse - or does the modification of the geomagnetic field at ground level as a result of the ionosphere being shielded from the Sun's heating and ionization radiation during the eclipse provides constraints for the model? Results show pronounced eclipse feature at Tamarraset, with a decrease of about 20nT in X component and an increase of 5nT in Y component. The model was also able to reasonably predict the observatory data at Tamarraset - doing very well in Y and Z components compared to X. No significant effect was noticed in Bangui, Mbour and Ascension Island. The model did a fairly good job predicting the data at Bangui and Mbour but not so well at Ascension Island


A method to evaluate the system reliability of road networks during a catastrophic tsunami disaster was newly proposed based on physical tsunami damage functions of roads and bridges, which were derived by assessment for damage data in the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake tsunami. In the framework, the features of shortest routes between targeted substantial public facilities in a tsunami disaster are identified by using Dijkstra Algorism. In addition, the features of routes between them preferentially pass-ing through main roads are identified. Finally, vulnerable roads and bridges on which tsunami counter-measures should be taken and which should be restored preferentially are revealed. This proposed framework was applied to the case studies for road networks in Tokushima city, which is expected to be suffered greatly from the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake tsunami, and the possibility of road disruption in a tsunami disaster was also investigated.


High power semiconductor lasers are used widely.High reliability is needed by the related application fields.Welding quality directly affects reliability of high power semiconductor lasers.Welding defect may lead to rapid degradation of the lasers.In and Pb/Sn solders adopted commonly in China are both soft solders.Soft solders exist reliability problems,such as whiskers growth and thermal fatigue.In order to improve reliability of sintering,a new technique of sintering laser with Au/Sn solder was adopted.The strength and fatigue properties of the hard Au/Sn solder are better than soft solders,and Au/Sn solder scarcely etches the gold layer.The technology of manufacturing Au/Sn solder and sintering were mastered by experiment research.The characteristic differences among Au/Sn,In and Pb/Sn solders were studied with experiments.The experiment results show that the lasers sintering with Au/Sn solder can obtain better capability than others.The technique of sintering with Au/Sn solder is an effective way to improve reliability of semiconductor laser.


There is provided a method for producing a metal film, a conducting path forming body, which comprises: forming a desired metal film conductor track on a surface of a stamper using a catalyst for activating a surface of a plastic base; Activating the surface of the plastic base by transferring the catalyst formed on the surface of the stamp to the surface of the plastic base; and plating the surface of the activated plastic base.


We investigate the effect of large-scale magnetic turbulence in the solar wind on the transport of ∼ 1-10-MeV protons associated with corotating interaction regions (CIRs). We develop a quantitative model of the heliospheric magnetic field which is determined by the motions of magnetic foot points near the solar photosphere. The trajectories of many test particles are numerically integrated in this field to examine the variation of the particle distribution function with latitude. The foot points of the magnetic field lines, which extend radially from the source surface, execute a random walk in latitude and longitude. We find that the resulting long-wavelength magnetic fluctuations lead to significant latitudinal field line diffusion which simultaneously leads to significant latitudinal transport of CIR-associated energetic particles. The results from our model are qualitatively consistent with recent Ulysses observations of recurrent energetic particle intensity enhancements at high heliographic latitudes.


The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates, plant spacing and their interaction on fiber quality traits and seed cotton yield in upland cotton during 2004-05 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Plant height was affected significantly by different sowing times and plant spacing, however their interaction was non-significant. Some fiber quality traits like fiber strength and ginning outturn (GOT %) were affected significantly by time of sowing, plant spacing and their interaction. The traits like fiber fineness, staple length and uniformity index were non-significantly affected by different sowing times, spacing and their interaction. Overall the seed cotton yield was greater (2828 kg ha -1 ) in the plots sown on 25 th April as compared to lowest seed cotton yield (2569 kg ha -1 ) recorded in the plots sown on 25 th May. In case of plant spacing, the seed cotton yield was highest (3119 kg ha -1 ) with 20 cm followed by decreased yield in 10 and 30 cm. The interaction of plant spacing and sowing dates was also significant for seed cotton yield and the highest yield was obtained in plots with 20 cm sown on 25 th April, which might be due to optimum plant population on per unit area. However, the plots with 30 cm plant spacing sown on 10 th May revealed lowest yield. Hence for getting the maximum seed cotton yield with best quality, the crop should be sown on 25 th April with plant spacing of 20 cm under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan,


Inbred mice BALB/c was applied in this paper to investigate the effects of nutritional status on the puberty timing of mouse after birth until weaning,indicated by vaginal opening(VO) in female or balano preputial separation(BPS) in male,respectively.The mice were divided into three groups as over nutrition(ON), balanced nutrition(BN) and under nutrition(UN) according to the number of pups lorn per mother.The order of puberty timing for female mice is: ONBNUN,but the weights on the onset time had no distinct difference among the three groups;for male mice,the order of BPS time is: ON(BN)UN,while the sequence of weights is ONBNUN.Nutritional status of lactation has significant effects on puberty onset time of mouse,whereas the way of effection is different between male and female.


This special issue "Coherent Control: Photons, Atoms and Molecules", honors the life and work of Bruce W. Shore who passed away on January 9, 2021 at the age of 85.


shown by demonstrating that the overall rate of dextransucrase synthesis is independent of the concentration of 1,6-linked dextran acceptor if synthesis is continued for periods that are directly proportional to the amount of acceptor present. For example, in the presence of 1 mg of acceptor dextran, the rate of dextransucrase action measured over lOmin is identical with the rate measured over 20min in the presence of 2mg of acceptor dextran. The analogy of the dextran system to the extension of glycogen chains by phosphorylase and synthetase is apparent. One difference is that synthesis decreases the acceptor efficiency of glycogen, whereas the dextran acceptor efficiency increases as the reaction proceeds. In both cases, however, the intrinsic rates of the synthesizing enzymes are independent of the concentration of macromolecular acceptors. The importance of the 1,6-a-glucosidic linkage to the structure and synthesis of glycogen need not be emphasized. The dextran reaction described here also may be important in vivo for the production of increased amounts of insoluble dextran. A relationship is also seen between the water solubility and the 1,6-glucosidiclinkage content of S. mutans dextran fractions. Their solubility increases as the content of 1 ,64nkages increase (Meyer et al., 1974). It remains to be established whether the 1,Qlinkages in these fractions are an integral feature of the dextran structure, or whether they reflect the presence of a 1,dlinked dextran backbone which served as an acceptor as in the system described here.


For the manufacture of any kind of laser-transparent molded body, from 29 to 99.8% by mass as essential components A) polyester, B) an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid or mixtures thereof 0.2 includes 2.0 wt% (a) and B) based on 100% by weight) and 0 to 70 wt% Additionally C) further additives substances, where the sum of the weight percent value of a) -C) 100 % and it is, use of the thermoplastic molding material.


The electrochemical behavior of passive films formed on AISI 321 has been examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AISI 321 is characterized by high interfacial impedance, thereby illustrating its high corrosion resistance. Results showed that the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance initially increase with applied potential, within the low potential. However, at a sufficiently high potential (𝐸>0.6 V), the interfacial impedance and the polarization resistance decrease with increasing potential. The impedance data were adequately represented by an equivalent electrical circuit model based on point defect model, which described the behavior of the passive film on stainless steel more satisfactorily than the proposed models.


Web services are becoming business-critical components that must provide a non-vulnerable interface to the client applications. However, previous research and practice show that many web services are deployed with critical vulnerabilities. SQL Injection vulnerabilities are particularly relevant, as web services frequently access a relational database using SQL commands. Penetration testing and static code analysis are two well-know techniques often used for the detection of security vulnerabilities. In this work we compare how effective these two techniques are on the detection of SQL Injection vulnerabilities in web services code. To understand the strengths and limitations of these techniques, we used several commercial and open source tools to detect vulnerabilities in a set of vulnerable services. Results suggest that, in general, static code analyzers are able to detect more SQL Injection vulnerabilities than penetration testing tools. Another key observation is that tools implementing the same detection approach frequently detect different vulnerabilities. Finally, many tools provide a low coverage and a high false positives rate, making them a bad option for programmers.


In this paper, more than a decade of research on automotive torque converters at the University of Virginia and complementary work is reviewed. A torque converter was tested with a diameter of 230 mm. Laser velocimetry was used to map out the average and periodic 3-D velocities in different planes in the pump, turbine and stator. A range of turbine to pump speed ratios was tested as well as different pump speeds. Large jet/wake regions, including separated back flows, were often identified and well as strong secondary flows. In most cases, flow was strongly periodic at the blade pass frequency at the inlets to the pump, turbine and stator and much less so at the component exits. By integration of the velocity fields, overall performance parameters such as mass flow rates, slip factors, vorticities and torque distributions were derived.


In situations where inequality and ethnicity are important aspects of poverty, policymakers need to understand the range of strategies people use to survive. Different groups within communities use different livelihood strategies, according to their wealth. To achieve sustainable development, policies must be targeted at their varying needs.


A preliminary design effort directed toward a low concentration ratio photovoltaic array system based on 1984 technology and capable of delivering multi-hundred kilowatts (300 kW to 100 kW range) in low Earth orbit is described. The array system consists of two or more array modules each capable of delivering between 113 kW to 175 kW using silicon solar cells or gallium arsenide solar cells, respectively. The array module deployed area is 1320 square meters and consists of 4356 pyramidal concentrator elements. The module, when stowed in the Space Shuttle's payload bay, has a stowage volume of a cube with 3.24 meters on a side. The concentrator elements are sized for a geometric concentration ratio (GCR) of six with an aperture area of 0.5 meters x 0.5 meters. Drawings for the preliminary design configuration and for the test hardware that was fabricated for design evaluation and test are provided.


The atrial activity (AA) of surface ECGs in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been studied to evaluate and compare the ability of several nonlinear metrics in the discrimination of AF events by estimating their regularity. The AA signals were extracted by applying an adaptive QRST can-celation method. Next, the study of surrogate data was performed and revealed the nonlinear behavior of AA. The following nonlinear metrics were studied: Sample Entropy (SampEn), Fuzzy Entropy, Spectral Entropy, Lempel-Ziv Complexity, Hurst Exponents, Generalized Hurst Exponents and AA average power. The Dominant Atrial Frequency (DAF) was added to the study as a reference. To reduce noise and ventricular residues, the Main Atrial Wave (MAW) was obtained applying a selective filtering to the AA signal centered on the DAF. Next, the MAW regularity was estimated using the aforementioned parameters. As conclusion, the study of MAW regularity improved results obtained from direct AA regularity estimation in all the analyzed metrics. Furthermore, some of them achieved better results than SampEn, a widely used metric in the classification of organization-related events in AF. Therefore, they could be considered as promising tools in the quantification of AF events from the surface ECG.


Abstract Twenty two species of lichenicolous fungi are reported as new to Orenburg region. Of these, Didymocyrtis cladoniicola is new to European Russia; Lichenoconium lichenicola, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Merismatium decolorans, Phoma peltigerae and Roselliniella cladoniae are new to the southern part of European Russia.


In this article, the vibrational spectra of 7-Methylcoumarin were reported and discussed. The Infrared and Raman spectra of 7-Methylcoumarin in solid state were recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 3500-50 cm-1, respectively. The ground state spectroscopic and structural data of 7-Methylcoumarin were calculated utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) employing B3LYP functional that contains 6-311++G(d,p) and cc-pVDZ basis sets. After than the geometry optimization was performed, the vibrational frequencies were calculated. Furthermore, the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibration mode was determined based on the fundamental vibrational modes. These calculations were performed with PQS program using scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method.


The review of the results of time analysis at the range of high-energy nuclear collisions (with the bombarding-particle energies near 0.1 - 10 GeV/nucleon) is presented. It was shown that the formation of time resonances (explosions) in the decays of compound nuclei or final clots at the range of dense strongly overlapped energy resonances was possible. These time resonances rather well explain a lot of the experimental data.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of soft Transforaminal Interbody Lumbar Interbody Fusion (sTLIF) in postoperative discitis not responding to conservative treatment.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Spine Surgery, CMH Rawalpindi from August 2016 to July 2019. Patients who underwent discectomy were observed and those presenting with postoperative discitis were included in the study. Pain was noted on visual analogue scale before and after the intervention and differences in two readings were noted. Data was collected on predesigned proforma. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 20.0.

RESULTS
Mean age of these patients was 45±12.34 years. The mean pain score on VAS before treatment was 8.33±0.65 and after treatment was 2±0.95. There was statistically significant reduction in pre-treatment and post-treatment pain on VAS (p=0.000).

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative discitis is present among a small number of patients after spine surgery and pain is significantly reduced after the treatment of discitis with TLIF.


Background: Anemia remains a serious health burden all over the world, more so among pregnant women. A lot of morbidity and mortality has been attributed to anemia in pregnancy. The problem is even much bigger among special groups of pregnant women such as the teenagers. The common morphologic type of this obstetric complication however remains a mystery among several populations across the world.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study for three months; between August 2021 and October 2021. A total of 288 pregnant teenagers aged between 13 and 19 years attending antenatal care at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH) in western Uganda were consecutively enrolled. Short interviewer-administered questionnaires and laboratory report forms were used to obtain data. Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23 was applied to present the data.

Results: 75 (26%) out of the 288 pregnant teenagers had anemia. Majority 40 (53.3%) had microcytic anemia, followed by normocytic anemia 25 (33.3%) while 10 (13.3%) had macrocytic anemia.

Conclusions: Microcytic anemia remains the most common morphological type affecting pregnant teenagers at HRRH, western Uganda.


The binomial algorithm (Cox and Rubinstein, 1985) is an accepted theoretically justifiable standard for measuring the accuracy of American put option pricing algorithms. An important question is whether it also generates accurate estimates of the early exercise boundary (Lamberton, 1993). I show that, in addition to the non-linearity and distribution errors recognised in the literature, the algorithm systematically misprices the early exercise boundary. While convergence to the true boundary ultimately occurs, the convergence rate is slow. An analytic integral equation (Carr et al., 1992) is solved sequentially for the true boundary and is a better benchmark for American put option pricing algorithms.


Objective:To assess the effect of evening three-level ward round shifting under the responsibility nursing system and to explore the effective shifting mode.Methods:Evening three-level ward round shifting mode was implemented,participated by head nurse,nursing team leader and the responsible nurses.The duty of nurses from each level was developed.The patients′ satisfaction to nursing care and the nurses′ awareness of patients′ condition were compared before and after the implementation.Results: The patients′ satisfaction to nursing care and the nurses′ awareness of patients′ condition were superior to those under the conventional shifting mode.Conclusions: Three-level evening ward round shifting mode could raise the business level of nurses rapidly and improve the quality of nursing care.


Introduction. In the modern world, economic systems are rapidly changing and developing, requiring the implementation of innovations in all industries. Innovations are expected to contribute to transformative processes, stimulate productivity growth, increase competitiveness, and create new markets. However, innovation relationships may encounter obstacles such as the absence of resources, infrastructure, and legal frameworks. Ukraine has the potential to secure future growth through innovation, but the actual improvement in this area significantly lags behind expectations. It is necessary to conduct an analysis and develop effective strategies for using innovations to support the stable development of economic systems, taking into account the differences in the roles of business, government, and society.
The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of innovative relations on transformational processes in economic systems, analyze global trends in innovation development policy and their determination from the perspective of the systemic stability of the world economy, identify the main problems and risks associated with innovation management.
Method (methodology). The study applies a systematic approach, analytical and synthetic methods, the normative legal base and statistical data of the of Global Innovation Index as the information basis.
Results. The significance of innovative relationships for the development of economic systems, key problems and challenges they face have been discussed, and recommendations for stimulating innovation in the economy have been proposed.
Conclusions. In summarizing the domestic and foreign experience in implementing innovative relations in the economic system, it is worth emphasizing the growing role of such relations in society. They strengthen traditional economic relations as a genetic environment for innovation and promote the development of key features of the post-industrial information economy. In this economy, under the influence of innovations, different scientific fields integrate into a single productive force, there is a transition from real to virtual and computer experiments in all spheres of human activity, and the influence of human labor on the object of labor changes. Innovative relations change the quality of economic growth, provide dynamic transformation of the structure of social wealth, transform the structure of social needs and the world market, significantly change the basis and factors of the competitiveness of the economic system, depending on the forms and types of ownership that develop. They also enhance the communicative-synergetic effect of the economic system and increase its potential for flexibility. The analysis conducted in the article identifies the key features of the post-industrial information economy, as well as the main problems and risks associated with managing innovations and their impact on innovative relations and transformational processes in economic systems.


An important issue when designing numerical code in High Performance Computing is cache optimisation in order to exploit the performance potential of a given target architecture. This includes techniques to improve memory access locality as well as prefetching. Inherent algorithm constrains often limit the first approach, which typically uses a blocking technique. While there exist automatic prefetching mechanisms in hardware and/or compilers, they can not complement blocking with additional prefetching. We provide an infrastructure for off-loading application controlled prefetching on a chip multiprocessor, allowing to further improve numerical code already optimised by standard cache optimisation. Clear benefits are shown for real workloads on existing hardware.


One of the oldest, most varied and widest-ranging entomology collections in Latin America, containing a significant portion of Brazil's biodiversity, was severely damaged during an episode which came to be known as the Manguinhos Massacre, when ten eminent researchers had their political rights suspended. This note tells of how a particular episode in the tragedy caused part of this collection to be broken up, and how 8,554 valuable specimens of the order Diptera, from 35 families, including 99 type specimens, have been reintroduced to Instituto Oswaldo Cruz's Entomology Collection in their original positions in the steel cabinets 35 years on. This reintroduction represents the first effort to restore this collection both historically and scientifically since Brazil's military dictatorship.


The adoptions of medium voltage in ac collection networks of large dc-connected wind farms significantly increase the ac current magnitudes during normal and fault conditions. Controlling fault currents at zero during asymmetric ac faults is possible, but it has several drawbacks such as increased risk of protection mal-operation due to the absence of fault currents, which also tends to prevent the recovery of ac voltage in postfault. Therefore, this paper presents an enhanced control strategy that exploits the induced negative sequence voltages to facilitate controlled injection of negative sequence currents during asymmetric ac faults. The proposed control not only defines a safe level of fault current in the offshore ac network but also instigates immediate recovery of the ac voltage following clearance of ac faults, which avoid protection mal-operation. In addition, the positive sequence voltage set-point of the offshore modular multilevel converter (MMC) is actively controlled by considering the negative and zero sequence voltages, which effectively avoids the excessive overvoltage in the healthy phases during asymmetrical ac faults. The theoretical basis of the proposed control scheme is described and its technical viability is assessed using simulations.


The total South Florida ecosystem encompasses all natural areas that were once interconnected and embedded within the vast Everglades basin that originally extended from coast to coast and from the upper Kissimmee basin headwaters to Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and Caloosahatchee and Indian River Lagoon estuaries. Restoration of this system will be successful once defining characteristics of the pre-altered system are recovered. Defining characteristics of the ecosystem are 1) abundant large vertebrates and aquatic prey bases, 2) animals with large spatial requirements, 3) healthy, dynamically sustainable estuaries, 4) oligotrophic freshwater wetlands, and 5) complex landscape mosaics and interactions. These defining characteristics have been altered by three external drivers that create stressors on the system: water management, land-use management and development, and climate change and sea-level rise. Stressors on the South Florida ecosystem include loss of spatial extent; loss of connectivity; altered geomorphology and topography; altered volume, timing, and distribution of regional hydropatterns; input of nutrients; altered fire patterns; and introduction and spread of exotic plants and animals. The Total System Conceptual Ecological Model links stressors to changes in the defining characteristics through major working hypotheses of cause-and-effect relationships. The linkages (ecological effects) relate to hydroperiod and depth patterns, sheet flow, salinity gradients, nutrient status and dynamics, fire patterns, habitat availability, and marsh aquatic fauna prey bases. For each defining characteristic, key ecological indicators are identified to collectively track the decline and restoration of the ecosystem.


We studied the in vitro phosphorylation pattern of the proteins from in vivo irradiated isolated nuclei in relation to the investigations on rapid phytochrome effects on in vitro transcription of specific genes in isolated nuclei from barley (Mosinger et al., 1985, 1987). Although phosphorylation with carrier-free [γ-32P]ATP raises a variety of labeled proteins, the overall pattern does not show any difference due to the light pretreatment of the nuclei. Time-course analysis revealed a 17 and a 45 kDa protein as the most rapidly phosphorylated proteins. To obtain more information about the identity of both proteins we tried to determine the amino-terminal sequences of both proteins. Whereas the 45 kDa protein has a blocked amino-terminus, we identified the 17 kDa protein as H3 histone due to its sequence homology to other H3 histones from different sources.


To provide the theoretical basis for the mechanism of the infectious proventriculitis in chickens,the tissues of the sick chickens diagnosed as infectious proventriculitis caused by reticuloendotheliosis virus(REV)were collected,fixed immediately for making paraffin section,and histopathological lesions of these tissues were observed by light microscope.The result showed that intercellular space between cardiac myocytes were widen;hemorrhage in the liver and degeneration in the hepatocytes;congestion and hemorrhage in the lung,hemorrhage in spleen,and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths were widen;the number of lymphocytes in bursal decreased;hemorrhage in the duodenum;hemorrhage in nipple of proventriculus,oedema of submucous and mucous.Many lymphocytes infiltrated in all the tested tissues.The results suggested that extensive lesions and inflammatory reactions in the tissues,especially in proventriculus,were the main characteristics of infectious proventriculitis in chickens.


Merging formation of field-reversed configuration (FRC) explored not only a new scenario of highly-efficient FRC formation/amplification experiment but also a new boundary research between FRC, spheromak and spherical tokamak (ST). A new finding is that the produced FRC is transformed stably into an ultra-high-ß ST by applying external toroidal field Bt,ext. The toroidal field was observed to vanish around magnetic axis after the Bt,ext application to the FRC, indicating formation of diamagnetic ST. The hollow current profile of FRC was maintained during the equilibrium transition, eliminating a need for the difficult hollow-current-formation process of startup discharge of high-ß ST. The energy-conversion effect of merging transformed the force-free merging spheromaks with paramagnetic current into the FRC with diamagnetic current and the further application of Bt,ext did the FRC into the ultra-high-ß (>60%)/diamagnetic ST, indicating the close relationship between FRC and ST in second stability.


The Transactions of the Royal Society contain the first Life-Table: it was constructed by Halley, who discovered its remarkable properties, and illustrated some of its applications. With better data improved methods have been found out, and the form has been extended so as to facilitate the solution of various questions.


Although much bilaterally supported international agricultural research was conducted prior to 1972, only with the formation of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) did a co-ordinated research programme funded by a number of agencies (national, development banks, UN and charitable) become a reality. Four existing institutes (IRRI, CIMMYT, IITA and CIAT) were initially accepted for funding, and in the course of the next seven years ICRISAT, CIP, ILRAD, IBPGR (now IPGRI), WARDA, ILCA, ICARDA, ISNAR and IFPRI were added. A brief period of consolidation occurred between 1979 and 1991, but in 1991-92 five more institutes (ICRAF, IIMI, INIBAP, ICLARM and CIFOR) became part of the system, quickly reduced by two by absorbing INIBAP into IPGRI, and merging ILCA and ILRAD to become ILRI. There are also several internationally funded institutes not of the CGIAR but associated with it, and strangely referred to as the non-associated centres, including AVRDC, IBSRAM, ICIMOD, ICIPE and IFDC. The CGIAR programme has become increasingly large and diverse. Plant breeding and crop and animal production still form the major components, together accounting for 40 per cent of the budget. Studies of economic policy and the strengthening of national agricultural research systems (NARS) through training and in other ways, have always been an important component of the CGIAR programme, although receiving little publicity. They have grown in importance as the system has developed. More recently increasing attention has been given to the environment, sustainability and biodiversity, and to the difficulties that an international system encounters in dealing with the 'location specificity' of many of the problems studied. 'Ecoregional' and 'systemwide' initiatives have become part of the research agenda. Perhaps most importantly a serious attempt is now being made to come to grips with the location specificity problem through the ecoregional initiatives. This requires greater collaboration between the CGIAR centres, and the many other partners in national and international agricultural research. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Acute watery diarrhea is common cause of morbidity and mortality in
children. Vomit also complicates the rehydration management, although antiemetics are
not recommended within standard medical protocol. Domperidone is common prescribed
antiemetics for diarrhea and no adverse effects reported in such cases. However, adequate
evidence to supports that domperidone benefits in reducing vomiting secondary to acute
watery diarrhea in children.
Objective: This study aimed to measure the benefits of domperidone compared with
placebo in reducing vomit secondary to acute watery diarrhea in children.
Methods: We conducted a randomized double-blind controlled trial in Emergency Room
and Pediatric Clinic at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Wates Distric Hospital, and Soeradji
Tirtonegoro Hospital between August to September 2007. We recruited infants and
children aged 2 mo to 6 years with vomit secondary to acute watery diarrhea. Subjects
were randomized to receive either domperidon or placebo. The outcomes of the study
were occurrence of vomiting, vomit frequency, diarrhea frequency during rehydration,
and diarrhea duration.
Result: Domperidone decreased overall vomit proportion (overall relative risk reduction
0.89, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.95, NNT 1) and decreased overall vomit frequency during
rehydration (overall episode reduction -3.26 , 95% CI -3.65 to -2.86). There was no
significant difference in diarrhea duration and frequency between groups and no side
effects were reported.
Conclusion: Domperidone significantly decreases proportion and frequency of vomit
during rehydration without increasing the frequency and duriation of diarrhea.
Domperidone is also safe for 2 months to 6 year old children.


In the light of researches aim knowing the counselling needs for students of Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem (Algeria), the researcher suggest that there are many counselling needs for students this Institute, so the researcher choose the sample by using random level method of (480) students  divided into two samples for building and applying uses, to achieve goals of research the researcher build research tool represented by showing counselling needs consisted of (7) fields of (81) items, placing in front of each one three replacements (always, sometime, never) then correct them by giving marks  as (1,2,3) respectively, then the researcher analyzes counselling needs in its final form on applying sample of (120) students  (male and female) for students Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem. After treating the results statistically, results showed that there are (38) counselling needs should be saturated inside the students of Institute. In the lights of research's results the researcher insisted on taking the advantages of studying counselling needs for students of physical education institute in developing counselling programs in the Institute and build it on a scientific bases emanated from a real needs of students.


Introduction:
 The optimal transfusion strategy for patients with ACS is unclear. Current data are inconclusive and there is a paucity of long term data; therefore, we performed a subgroup analysis of patients with AMI in the Transfusion Thresholds in Cardiac Surgery (TRICS-III) randomized controlled trial (RCT) to add evidence addressing this important clinical question, and interpret the results in the context of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

 Methods:
 The TRICS-III trial randomized patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass with a moderate-to-high risk of death to restrictive transfusion (transfuse at hemoglobin <7.5g/dL) or a liberal strategy (operating room and ICU: transfuse at hemoglobin <9.5g/dL; ward: <8.5g/dL). AMI patients were those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with a recent MI and ≥1 of the following enrichment criteria: unstable angina, critical preoperative state, preoperative intra aortic balloon pump, and/or emergency surgery. The primary outcome for this analysis was MACE (all-cause death, MI, and revascularization) at 6 months.

 The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through April 2022 to identify RCTs evaluating restrictive versus liberal transfusion in patients with ACS. The primary outcome was MACE at the longest available timepoint.

 Results:
 In the TRICS AMI population (N=194), a restrictive transfusion strategy did not increase the risk of MACE (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.57-3.27). Three additional RCTs met eligibility criteria for the systematic review yielding a total of 1015 patients. The transfusion strategies were similar across all studies. After synthesizing the data, restrictive transfusion was associated with a trend toward an increased absolute risk of MACE (4%; 95% CI, -1 to 9%) and MI (3%; 95% CI, 0 to 6%) at the longest available timepoint (Figure).

 Conclusion:
 In the setting of ACS, liberal transfusion strategies may reduce the risk of long term adverse cardiovascular events.


A bibliometric study of the public relations scholarly literature revealed the most cited authors and most cited published works for 1990-1995. Unlike other disciplines, public relations is typified by a concentration of scholars, institutions, and topics. J. E. Grunig is by far the most cited scholar, J. E. Grunig and Hunt (1984) is the most cited work, and public relations roles is the most co-cited category of works. Findings indicate that public relations is a young, but growing, social science discipline that might benefit from a certain amount of paradigmatic or topical diversity in the future.


The lithiation mechanism of methylated amorphous silicon, a‐Si1−x(CH3)x:H, with various methyl contents (x = 0 ‐ 0.12) is investigated using operando attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, a‐Si:H, the first lithiation proceeds via a two‐phase mechanism. The concentration of the invading Li‐rich phase nonmonotonously depends on the methyl content of the active material. This behavior is tentatively explained by two distinct effects: a softening of the material due to a methyl‐induced lowering of its reticulation degree and its cohesion, and the presence of nanovoids at high enough methyl content.


The paper discusses the ideological basis of self-management. It considers whether self-management, as an economic system, is consistent with ideologies of Marxism, Anarchism, and Democracy. It goes on to consider the political question as to which groups are likely to oppose and which to support the introduction of self-management into a modern society.


Breast cancer is one of the most widespread malignant neoplasm in Ukraine (20.6 % of all malignant neoplasms). The usual incidence of breast cancer (BC) in women, as of 2019, is 70.3 cases per 100 thousand population. At the moment, BC during pregnancy is rare (only in 0.4 % of all BC cases in women aged 16 to 49 years), the decision on treatment remains difficult for a patient as well as an oncologists.
Despite the fact that the treatment of malignant breast disease is usually carried out in non-pregnant women, the problem of tactics for managing patients with different gestation lengths remains unresolved. Thus, the treatment of pregnant women with BC should be guided a multidisciplinary integrated approach to maximize the benefits and minimize the risk to both a mother and a fetus, including the optimal tactics of surgical treatment and chemotherapy. Therapeutic decisions should be based on the stage of disease, tumor morphology, gestational age at diagnosis, and possible pregnancy risks.
A promising way of addressing this problem is to conduct more studies to determine the most effective and safest treatment strategies for BC in pregnant women.


J M Keynes's General Theory (1936) represented the culmination of his anti-Marshallian approach to both economic methodology and formal economic modeling in macroeconomics. Keynes rejected, at the marco economic level, the Marshallians' emphasis on ceteris paribus analysis that concentrated on using an approach to analysis that relied on analyzing only one independent variable at a time. The Marshallians would then supplemented their one independent variable analysis by a prose or literary discussion, in which other variables, that had been held fixed, were discussed, but not analyzed in a rigorous, technical, mathematical manner. This type of analysis was published by Dennis Robertson, Ralph Hawtrey, A C Pigou, Hubert Henderson, and Roy Harrod in the early and mid 1930's. This type of Marshallian, partial equilibrium, approach to analysis is on display in the correspondence of Robertson, Hawtrey, Henderson, and Harrod with Keynes over the General Theory as contained in Volumes 13,14, and 29 of the CWJMK. This kind of Marshallian approach reached its highest level, in the opinion of J M Keynes, in Pigou's 1933 The Theory of Unemployment. All of Pigou's technical analysis in Part II of The Theory of Unemployment is based on an analysis where only one independent variable is specified mathematically in his macro economic model, which is based directly on the underlying micro model, both of which were functions of only one single variable, the real wage.Pigou supplemented his Part II analysis with a verbal, prose, literary discussion that attempted to discuss other factors that would impact the macro economy. Unfortunately, Pigou had no multiplier function, consumption function, or Liquidity Preference function that would allow him to analyze total output or employment accurately. Neither did Hawtrey, Robertson, or Henderson. Harrod's Marshallian defense of the neoclassical theory of the rate of interest, made in his August-September, 1935 exchanges with Keynes over Keynes's new IS-LP(LM) theory, based on a system containing three simultaneous, mathematical equations, which Keynes explicitly specified in sections four of both chapters 15 and 21 of the General Theory, in Volume 13 of the CWJMK, makes no sense because his sets of shifting savings and investment functions can only specify a set of downward sloping IS curves. No Marshallian, especially Robertson, ever grasped that Keynes's IS-LP(LM) model of chapters 15 and 21 of the General Theory has absolutely nothing to do with Keynes's initial, introductory discussion using Keynes's simplified, liquidity preference function in chapter 13 of the General Theory on page 167, where the demand and supply of money alone determined the interest rate. Keynes's complete, simultaneous, three equation IS-LP(LM) model is provided on pages 298-299 of the General Theory. Keynes's IS-LP(LM) is superior to the simultaneous three equation models of Hicks (1937), Harrod (1937), and Meade (1937), which have no D-Z model supporting them that incorporates expectations and uncertainty. Both Robertson and Hawtrey completely overlooked Keynes's clear description of the vertical and horizontal ranges of the LP(LM) curve provided by Keynes on pages 207-208 of the General Theory. Keynes's theory is not a partial equilibrium, Marshallian theory.


Objective To investigate the relevant factors affecting chemotherapy compliance of cancer patients and its countermeasures. Methods From January 2011 to October 2012 in Tangshan People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, 270 cases of cancer chemotherapy patients were selected as observed objects. Chemotherapy compliance was observed, possible factors that might affect the chemotherapy compliance of two group patients were compared, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results In 270 patients, 210 patients(77.78%) with good compliance were found, 60 cases(22.22%) with poor compliance were found. The differences of chemotherapy compliance in patients with different level of education, family support, adverse reaction of chemotherapy, family economy, cancer and chemotherapy knowledge, medical expenses payment, treatment conditions were statistically significant(P 0.05). Lack of cancer and chemotherapy knowledge(OR = 4.42, P = 0.002), adverse reaction of chemotherapy(OR = 3.84, P = 0.003), bad psychological reaction(OR = 3.22, P = 0.014), poor family economy(OR = 2.96, P = 0.016), lack of family support(OR = 2.87, P = 0.017) were the independent factors affecting the chemotherapy compliance according to the Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Tumor patients have certain degree of chemotherapy incompliance, the influence factors are complex. To improve compliance, it is right to take corresponding measures of these risk factors, such as health education, active prevention of adverse reactions, good social support system, psychological support, reasonable treatment plan.


Phalaenopsis is a significant agriculture product with high economic value in Taiwan. However, the fusarium wilt causes Phalaenopsis leaves turning yellow, thinning, water loss, and finally died. This paper presents an emerging method to detect fusarium wilt on Phalaenopsis stem base. In order to build the detection models, the hyperspectral databases are generated form two statues of Phalaenopsis samples, which are health and disease sample. We applied band selection (BS) processing base on band prioritization (BP) and band de-correlation (BD) to extract the significant bands and eliminate the redundant bands. Then, three algorithms were used, orthogonal subspace projection (OSP), constrain energy minimization (CEM), and support vector machine (SVM) to detect the fusarium wilt.


With rising requirements for digitalization, corporations must increase the speed in which their production and products are digitized. Because of that, there is an increasing demand of software developers which has led to a high skill shortage in Germany. Combined with rising expectations for speed and costs to develop a platform, this led to a problem, that needs to be solved.
 The goal of this paper is to estimate the benefit of using Low-Code platforms instead of traditional programming languages. Therefore, the elaboration deals with the central research question whether a Low-Code platform can support corporations through the skill shortage and at the same time reduce time and costs that it takes to develop an application.
 To answer this question, a Value Benefit Analysis was used to specify which platform provides the highest benefit for a use-case in the production of Vitesco Technologies in Dortmund. Thereupon, an example application was built to determine the usability.
 As final result, it can be concluded that the usage of Low-Code platforms in average leads to less time and costs that is needed for the development. In addition, these platforms are easy to use even without prior knowledge which leads to an advantage that can be used during a skill shortage. On the other hand, it also results in less flexibility which makes it harder to program complex functionalities.
 This demonstrates that a Low-Code platform can provide a great benefit when used for simple applications, whereas it is not useful for the use of more complex applications.


Background: Caesarean section rates had been increasing markedly in the world and the procedure as it become more safe than before (although it still a major surgical operation) and the objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of caesarean section in Mosul city hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at eight hospitals in Mosul city from both river sides including five governmental hospitals and three private hospitals, (671) women who delivered by caesarean section in Mosul city hospitals during a period of data collection were included from beginning 15th of November 2019 and ending at 15th of April 2020. Results: Women delivered by caesarean section aged between 20-35 years in (70.6%), (74.8%) of low educational level and (91.8%) were unemployed. The rate of caesarean section during the period of data collection in Mosul city hospitals was (28.8%) while the rate of caesarean section during the period of data collection showed that the highest rate of caesarean section were in private hospital and especially at AlZahrawi and Al-Rabee Private Hospitals (100%) while Al-Batool Hospital include (37.6%) from governmental hospitals in spite that the highest numbers of deliveries and caesarean section was in Al-Khansa Teaching Hospital. Conclusions: Caesarean section rate was higher than WHO recommendation among Mosul hospitals. Further improvement and attention to primary health care should be applied.


Potential impacts of climate change/variability on regional or local precipitation patterns and, subsequently, the hydrology of individual river basins have received a growing attention. This research aims to improve our understanding of the hydrological response of a large river basin (the Meuse in northwestern Europe) to climate variability and land use change. Based on the statistical trend results in combination with the hydrological modelling results, the historical rainfall-runoff relations in the Meuse basin and the hydrological effects of human activities (particularly land use changes) during the 20th century have been assessed


A legacy embodies past achievements, an accounting or summation for posterity in order to assess a person's place in the past within a particular field, and a critical evaluation of these achievements. With Mircea Eliade, there is a vast number of achievements because of his distinguished record of publications in Religious Studies on myth, ritual, various religious traditions, and specific subjects such shamanism and yoga. To this long list of books and essays, it is possible to include his journals and autobiography that give us a look behind the publications and into his private life. There are also the many literary publications of short stories, novellas, and novels, such as Maitreyi (Bengal Nights), Isabel §i apele diavolului (Isabel and the Devil's Waters), Tinerete fara tinerete (Youth without Youth), Secretul doctorului Honigberger (The Secret of Dr. Honigberger), and Noaptea de Sânziene (The Forbidden Forest). This output of literary and scholarly works is nothing short of astonishing for a single lifetime. In addition, Eliade was honored by holding an endowed chair at the University of Chicago, creation of an endowed chair in his name held by Wendy Doniger at the present time, editorship of the first edition of the multi-volume Encyclopedia of Religion, various honorary degrees, and posthumous election to the Romanian Academy. His continuing relevance is evident by a conference on his legacy and that of Joachim Wach at the University of Chicago in 2006 and a few panels devoted to discussing his contributions to the study of religion and literature at the 2010 annual convention of the American Academy of Religion.Excluding his literary works, it is not an easy task to determine the precise legacy of his scholarly contributions, although I think that five of his scholarly books have withstood the test of time: Shamanism; Yoga Immortality and Freedom; The Myth of the Eternal Return; Patterns in Comparative Religion, and The Sacred and the Profane. In addition to their longevity and continued relevance, I have highlighted these scholarly works because they continue to exert either a positive or negative reaction from critics. These various critics have not always been satisfied with critiques of his method, theory of religion, particular phenomena, or comparisons. Embodied within the various forms of criticism hangs the specter of Eliade's past association with the politically far right Iron Guard, which espoused anti-Semitic sentiments and Fascist convictions. Despite his successful literary work and his scholarly contributions to the study of religion, any assessment of Eliade's legacy must consider his political and personal baggage from his past association with the Iron Guard because this is a part of his legacy. Although Eliade's pre- World War II association with this nationalistic right wing movement in Romania taints his work in the view of some critics, this political connection shapes his legacy for good or ill, and needs to be considered. Eliade's past political association became public knowledge late in his life. Unfortunately, he never addressed or clarified his political past, and gave the impression to many that he was trying to hide something sinister about himself. This is regrettable because he could have counteracted many critics, although he was never going to placate everyone. At the very least, he found himself on the wrong side of history and a target for left-wing academics.When considering his scholarly legacy in this essay I want to consider his critics with my own critical eye without attempting to defend Eliade's past political associations, but I do make an attempt to view Eliade's political past from his own perspective without grinding my own political axe. I intend to show that the critical attacks on Eliade's past politics are symptomatic of a fad in the field of Religions Studies that are often combined with ad hominem attacks.Two Theoretical WorksPatterns in Comparative Religion and The Sacred and the Profane are two books that exemplify Eliade's approach to the study of religion and its phenomena. …


A new species of hemoflagellate is described from the blood of marine fishes of northern New England. This appears to be the first record of a biflagellate organism in the blood of marine fishes from the Western Hemisphere. The parasite, placed in the genus Cryptobia Leidy (Trypanoplasma, Laveran and Mesnil), differs morphologically from Trypanoplasma parmae Mackerras and Mackerras (1925), the only other named cryptobiid from the blood of marine fishes (Parma microlepsis from Australia) and also from Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil (1901) found in the blood of several species of freshwater fishes. The organism is named Cryptobia bullocki, sp. n. Cryptobia bullocki has been found in the blood of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum); smooth flounder (Liopsetta putnami (Gill); mummichog ( Findulus heteroclitus Linnaeus); and striped killifish (F. majalis Walbaum). Attempts were unsuccessful to transmit the flagellate to mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus); goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus); frogs (Rana pipiens Schreber); mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus); brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill); tomcod (Mlicrogadus tomcod Walbaum); and the grubby (Myoxocephalus aeneus Mitchill). In 1846 Leidy described Cryptobia helicis from the seminal receptacle of a land snail. Since then parasites of this genus have been recorded from the blood of freshwater fishes (Laveran and Mesnil, 1901), the blood of marine fishes (Mackerras and Mackerras, 1925), the blood of salamanders (Rankin, 1937), the digestive tract of some marine fishes (Leger, 1905), and as ectoparasites on goldfish (Swezy, 1919). Two species of Cryptobia have been reported as free-living in brackish water (Ruinen, 1938). The hemoflagellate described in this paper was first found by Dr. Wilbur Bullock in February, 1952, in the blood of a 4.5-inch winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) caught through the ice at Great Bay, Greenland, New Hampshire. Bullock (1953) merely indicated that the organism, about 18 / long or twice the length of the erythrocytes, belonged to the genus Cryptobia, and proposed that the name of the species, "when adequately described, be Cryptobia newingtoniensis." This proposed name has become a nomen nudum since no further description was ever published Received for publication 8 January 1965. * From a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of New Hampshire in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. t This investigation was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (EF-10,607) from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, NIH. 654 and, as it stands, it satisfies none of the criteria cited in Article 13 (a), International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, XV International Congress of Zoology, 1961. The host range has since been extended to the smooth flounder (Liopsetta putnami), the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and the striped killifish (Fundulus majalis). The parasites have not been found in the intestines of infected or uninfected fish, nor as ectoparasites. The study of this parasite takes on added interest because the only other published reports of Cryptobia (Trypanoplasma) in the blood of marine fishes are those of Mackerras and Mackerras (1925), and Nowicki (1940). Mackerras and Mackerras described Trypanoplasma parmae from an Australian marine teleost, Parma microlepsis. In a later publication (1961), these authors stated that Trypanoplasma parmae may possibly be a parasite of the alimentary tract and not of the blood. Nowicki (1940), reporting on the pathogenicity of Trypanoplasma cyprini, indicated that Pleuronectes flesus was often infected with Trypanoplasma flesi. However no description of Trypanoplasma flesi was given. Since a thorough literature search failed to uncover any further reference to this organism it seems best to consider this name a nomen nudum (i.e., it fails to satisfy the provisions of Article 13 (a), International Code of Zoological Nomenclature). The synonymy involved here between the genus Cryptobia Leidy, 1846, and TrypanoThis content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Sun, 04 Dec 2016 04:52:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms STROUT-NEW HEMOFLAGELLATE FROM NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND MARINE FISHES 655 plasma Laveran and Mesnil, 1901, merits further discussion. Leidy (1846) described Cryptobia helicis from the seminal vesicles of snails as a new genus and species of "Entozoa." In 1901 Laveran and Mesnil described Trypanoplasma borreli, a parasite found in the blood of freshwater fishes as a new genus and species. The environment of Trypanoplasma was extended in 1905 by Leger to the alimentary tract of marine fishes when he reported a new species, Trypanoplasma intestinalis from the esophagus and anterior region of the stomach of the host Box boops. Keysselitz (1906) also found a flagellate in the stomach of the marine fish Cyclopterus lumpus, which he described as Trypanoplasma ventricu7i. In 1909 Crawley attempted to demonstrate that the organisms from the snail (Cryptobia, Leidy) and those from the blood of fishes (Trypanoplasma, Laveran) were congeneric. Crawley obtained the flagellates from the snail Polygyra albolabria and compared them morphologically with drawings of T. borreli as given by Woodcock (1909), as well as with the definition of the genus Trypanoplasma given by Laveran and Mesnil in 1901. Also in 1909, Friedrich found the organism in the "receptaculum seminis" of Helix pomatia L. He concluded it was the same as that found by Leidy and called it Trypanoplasma helicis Leidy. Laveran and Mesnil (1912) agreed that morphologically there was a great resemblance between the parasite from the snail and that from the blood of the fish. They justified the genus Trypanoplasma from the biological point of view, claiming that a parasite of the seminal vesicle of the snail, with no intermediate host, cannot belong to the same genus as the trypanoplasma which lives in the blood of fishes and carries out one phase of its development in leeches, agents of its transmission. The chief difference, then, between Cryptobia and Trypanoplasma lies in the physiological aspects of the life cycle. Do life cycle differences justify the distinction of different genera? Crawley's reply was in the negative; Laveran and Mesnil (1912) said both genera were valid; Wenyon (1926) said that all forms have been known so long as Trypanoplasma that the genus should be retained provisionally. Swezy (1919) said that habitat alone cannot be used as a generic distinction. If life cycles are not always valid criteria for new genera, and morphology is the basis for generic distinction, then Cryptobia clearly has priority over Trypanoplasma. It is on this assumption that the new species is described as a Cryptobia.


The fibrosis staging criterion (Knodell's) for viral hepatitis in human should not be applied to experimental liver fibrosis in rodents because of differences of species and etiology. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or albumin antigen–antibody complex in Balb/C mice or Wistar rats. The degree of fibrosis was quantified by staging scores or hydroxyproline measurement or image analysis. Inter‐ and intra‐observer variations of the criterion were also evaluated. Liver fibrosis was divided into seven stages: stage 0, no fibrosis; stage 1, short fibrous tissue in central venule (C); stage 2, fibrous C‐C septa appearance; stage 3, C‐C fibrous septa developed incompletely; stage 4, C‐C septa completely connected (pseudo‐lobule); stage 5, C‐P (Portal Tract) bridging fibrosis, nodular appearance ≤50%.; and stage 6, nodular appearance >50%. There was significant correlation between the staging scores and hydroxyproline concentration (r = 0.708 in mice, r = 0.841 in rats) and, between staging scores and fibrosis area (r = 0.919 in rats, P < 0.001). The interobserver and intraobserver agreement was consistent (κ = 0.738 or 0.726, P < 0.001). This staging of hepatic fibrosis in rodents is scientifically rational and repeatable, and is therefore suggested as the criterion for the assessment of experimental hepatic fibrosis in rodent studies.


Objective To compare solubility( S) and oil / water partition coefficient( Po / w) of puerarin( PUE),baicalin( BA) and berberine hydrochloride( BH) in Gegenqinlian pills( GQP) and Gegenqinlian decoction( GQD) in buffer with different p H value at 37 ℃. Methods The solubility and oil / water partition coefficient of puerarin,baicalin and berberine hydrochloride was determined with a shake flaskHPLC method. Results The ranges of S of PUE,BA,BH at p H 1. 2,4. 5 and 6. 8 were from 27. 088 to30. 805,0. 007 to 11. 694,0. 181 to 2. 169 mg·m L- 1,respectively,and which in GQD and GQP were from57. 518 to 68. 450,11. 652 to 12. 416,4. 402 to 5. 688 mg·m L- 1and 2. 545 to 2. 922,0. 287 to 0. 548,0.332 to 0. 522 mg·m L- 1,respectively. Similarly,under the corresponding conditions,the ranges of Po / wof PUE,BA,BH were from 0. 081 to 0. 136、0. 689 to 3. 706、0. 244 to 0. 579 and which in GQD and GQP were from 0. 290 to 0. 603,3. 032 to 10. 019,1. 110 to 3. 952 and 0. 150 to 0. 217,0. 486 to 8. 305,0. 440 to 0. 838,respectively. Conclusion Affected by multifarious ingredient,extracting process or preparation technology,S and Po / wof all insoluble active ingredients in Chinese herbal compound prescription were significant different with monomer. Compared with GQP,insoluble components were significantly solubilized in GQD,which might be beneficial for active ingredients absorption in vivo and provide a reference for improvement of Chinese medicine formulations. It is important to determine S and Po / wof insoluble active ingredients existed in Chinese herbal compound,which can be applied to provide some reference to study their absorbability of oral administration.


The diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis is based on a history of heavy and long-term alcohol use,jaundice,and the absence of other possible causes of hepatitis.This review focuses on the progress of alcoholic hepatitis in clinical presentation,diagnosis,pro-gnosis and therapy.


One hundred and thirty-two isolates of the rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) of various sources were tested. Soluble proteins extracted from mycelia and enzymes from culture filtrates were subjected to the polyacrylamide gel disc and thin layer electrophoresis. Two isolate groups were distinguished in the soluble protein patterns and peroxidase zymograms, but these have no significant correlations with the geographical distribution of the isolates or their pathogenicity.In the non-specific esterase zymograms, 3 types were distinguished and the types showed significant correlations with the geographical distribution of the isolates. The taxonomic and phytopathological significance of these findings were discussed.


This year marks the 50th anniversary of the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Norway. Can we learn from the past and address our own prejudices and culture?


Abstract : This summary describes the operation, maintenance and research activities at the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), the Norwegian Regional Seismic Array (NORESS) and the Arctic Regional Seismic Array (ARCESS). Statistics are also presented for additional seismic stations, which through cooperative agreements with institutions in the host countries provide continuous data to the NORSAR Data Processing Center. These stations comprise the Finish Experimental Seismic Array (FINESA), the German Experimental Seismic Array (GERESS), and two 3-component station in Poland. This report also presents statistics from operation of the Intelligent Monitoring System. The NORSAR detection processing system has been operated throughout the period with an average uptime of 98.0%. On-line detection processing and data recording at the NORSAR Data Processing Center of NORESS, ARCESS and FINESA data have been conducted. We have continued work aimed at evaluating the stability of RMS Lg for yield estimation purposes. The generalized beamforming technique developed by Ringdal and Kvaerna is now being applied to the network of 4 regional arrays (NORESS, ARCESS, FINESA, GERESS). The concept of threshold monitoring, introduced by Ringdal and Kvaerna, is a method of monitoring the seismic amplitude levels for the purpose of using this information to assess the largest size of events that might go undetected by a given network.


This paper discusses pros and cons of conventional compacted soil as daily cover materials in sanitary landfills.Alternative daily covers(ADCs) were introduced and their impacts on landfill air space and operating costs were briefed.In addition,methods for evaluation of ADCs were considered.


Abstract Binding of the triazinone derivative metribuzin to thylakoid membranes was studied in dependence of temperature and trypsin pre-treatment of the chloroplasts. The temperature curve of the binding constant suggests that the lipid phase of the membrane contributes to inhibitor binding. Trypsin pre-treatment of the membranes removes the receptor sites for the inhibitor, while the trypsin effect on the affinity of the receptor to the inhibitor is marginal. Concomitantly trypsin treatment releases the inhibitory effect of metribuzin on the electron transport from DPC to DCPIP.


The focus in this first volume of the Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration is on the founding, through migration, of the human world as we can reconstruct it at the dawn of written history. Using information from human biology, archaeology, and comparative linguistics (the latter discipline only available for societies within the past 10,000 years), the authors travel in time and space from the initial migrations of the incipient genus Homo, around two million years ago, to the relatively recent but still prehistoric migrations of populations such as the Eastern Polynesians and Thule Inuit. They introduce to us an enormous array of past human groups, both hunter-gatherer and agriculturalist. The prehistoric migrations of many of these populations were essential foundations for the ethnic and linguistic patterning that spanned the globe before 1500 ce, and indeed still does in many regions today.

Keywords:

archaeology;
linguistics;
Pleistocene;
Holocene;
human biology


With the Konwledge Economy appearing,the conservative accounting theory has been challenged.Emphases on Accounting are transferring from enterprise treasure to knowledge assets on the basis of knowledge.technology and human resources.This leads to the reform of conservative accounting.The reform can be practised in three ways :to change models of accounting calculation,to enlarge the range of assets recognization;to reform the form and contents of financial statement.


Taking a 10-yearold "Anna" apple trees, located at 6 October company orchard, Ismailia, Egypt th as test unit. Apple trees were planted at 3*4 m apart in sandy soil under drip irrigation system. Trees were treated during 2016 and 2017 seasons, to study the effect of different plastic colours used as orchard floor management (OFM) system as follow: aBlack polyethylene plastic 0.12 mm. bSilver/Brown (Reflective) polyethylene plastic 0.12 mm. CWhite polyethylene plastic 0.12 mm. dControl (bare soil). All plastic sheets were cut in strips of three meter long and two meter width and put from the tree trunk to the tree canopy. The results demonstrated that, all plastic mulch covering treatments caused an increment in soil temperature and moisture in both seasons and recorded the highest values of shoot length, No. of leaves/shoot and leaf area in a comparison with the control treatment. Also, all mulching treatments had a significant increment in average fruit weight (g), initial fruit set (%), final fruit set (%), no. fruit/tree, yield per tree (kg), yield efficiency (%) and crop density (%). Moreover, the applied treatments increased significantly leaf N, P, K, contents as compared with the control. Concerning, physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit, all treatments significantly influenced by increasing fruit length, fruit diameter, firmness, SSC, acidity and a* colour value. Statistical analysis indicated that among all polyethylene plastic colours used as orchard floor management system, the White polyethylene was most suitable for the "Anna" apple orchards.


In this study, we numerically investigate the transport properties of a two‐dimensional (2D) complex plasma crystal using diffusion of coplanar dust lattice waves. In the limit where the Hamiltonian interactions can be decoupled from the non‐Hamiltonian effects, we identify two distinct types of wave transport: Anderson‐type delocalization and long‐distance excitation. We use a recently developed spectral approach to evaluate the contribution of the Anderson problem and compare it to the results of the simulation. The benefit of our approach to transport problems is twofold. First, we employ a highly tuneable macroscopic hexagonal crystal, which exhibits many‐body interactions and allows for the investigation of transport properties at the kinetic level. Second, the analysis of the transport problem in 2D is provided using an innovative spectral approach, which avoids the use of scaling and boundary conditions. The comparison between the analytically predicted and numerically observed wave dynamics allows for the study of important characteristics of this open system. In our simulations, we observe long‐distance lattice excitation, which occurs around lattice defects even when the initial perturbation does not spread from the centre to the exterior of the crystal. In the decoupled Hamiltonian regime, this many‐body effect can be attributed to the dust lattice interaction with the plasma environment.


: Nowadays, there is a significant effort in reducing the environmental impact caused by public transport. This goal can be achieved in many ways. One possible way is in using battery-assisted trolleybuses in cities. Therefore this paper deals with the question of how to create a minimum overhead contact network for such vehicles operation. The article presents the mathematical model of such a problem and tests the impact of the version with the modified condition. It also proposes a suboptimal way to propose needed vire network for operation selected vehicle schedules using individual routes. As benchmarks, some vehicle schedules in Zilina were selected.


The energy level alignment at the metal/organic interface greatly affects the charge injection/extraction efficiency of electrodes in organic semiconductor devices. The charge carrier in the vicinity of the metal surface should be stabilized by the screening effect of the metal surface, thereby resulting in the narrowing of the energy gap (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)--lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap) and modifying the energy level alignment at the metal/organic interface. However, this metal screening effect has not been fully clarified because there has been no precise way to quantitatively evaluate the experimental values. In this study, we employed ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), metastable atom electron spectroscopy (MAES), and low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (LEIPS) to examine the quasi--layer-by-layer grown film of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on the atomically flat metal surface of Ag(111) and Au(111). By applying a procedure we established recently, we precisely evaluated the energy of the metal screening effect. The results demonstrate that the screening effect of the metal surface modifies the charge injection/collection barrier at the metal/organic interface by as much as 0.25 eV. We found that the PTCDA thickness dependent screening effect is precisely reproduced by the image charge model.


High reliability is an important requirement for all electronic integrated circuits including superconductive systems. Reliability and yield can be categorized by the failure paths, sequence of faults due to a physical failure, and failure mechanism. Determining the defects and faults is essential to enhance the lifetime of superconductive systems. Josephson junctions (JJs) are the base element of single flux quantum systems. The primary contributions described in this article are a set of JJ-based fault models followed by a methodology for developing high-level fault models. Based on these models, test vectors can be generated to detect the type and/or location of these JJ faults.


An experiment was carried out in Sao Jose do Rio Pardo, from March to August of 2004, in order to evaluate the yield and the commercial classification of onion bulbs, hibrid Superex, by using different amounts of N and K, at the direct seeding. The experiment design was a randomized blocks with the treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 4x4 with four replications, it including four amounts of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha -1


Several strategic interactions over social networks display both negative and positive externalities at the same time. E.g., participation to a social media website with limited resources is more appealing the more of your friends participate, while a large total number of participants may slow down the website (because of congestion effects) thus making it less appealing. Similarly, while there are often incentives to choose the same telephone company as the friends and relatives with whom you interact the most frequently, concentration of the market share in the hands of a single firm typically leads to higher costs because of the lack of competition. In this work, we study evolutionary dynamics in network games where the payoff of each player is influenced both by the actions of her neighbors in the network, and by the aggregate of the actions of all the players in the network. In particular, we consider cases where the payoff increases in the number of neighbors who choose the same action (local coordination effect) and decreases in the total number of players choosing the same action (global congestion effect). We study noisy best-response dynamics in networks which are the union of two complete graphs, and prove that the asymptotic behavior of the invariant probability distribution is characterized by two phase transitions with respect to a parameter measuring the relative strength of the local coordination with respect to the global congestion effects. Extensions to random networks with strong community structure are studied through simulations.


Human bone mineral is different in composition from stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) in that it contains additional ions, of which CO 3 2- is the most abundant species. Two macroporous carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds were prepared by treating a macroporous CaCO 3 column (porosity, 88%; pore and hole size, 160 and 71 μm), prepared in this study, hydrothermally at 120 °C in 1 M phosphate solutions of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 . Especially, it was found that the CaCO 3 was transformed into CHA after hydrothermal treatment (HT) for 24 h irrespective of the type of phosphate solution. Under HT for 24 h, the crystallite size and crystal shape of CHA prepared in K 2 HPO 4 solution (KCHA) and those of CHA prepared in (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (NH 4 CHA) were quite different from each other. Moreover, NH 4 CHA contained 2.09 wt % A-type CO 3 2- out of 6.05 wt % CO 3 2- , but KCHA contained a small amount of A-type CO 3 2- (0.08 wt % out of 8.24 wt % CO 3 2- ). The chemical formulas were Ca9.23(NH 4 ) 0.12 (PO 4 )5.36(CO 3 ) 0.64 (OH)o.54-(CO 3 ) 0.34 for NH 4 CHA and Ca 8.18 K 0.5 (PO 4 )4.72(C03) 1.28 (OH) 0.1 (CO 3 ) 0.02 for KCHA. Therefore, the properties, such as carbonate type and content, and crystal shape, of CHA are significantly affected by the type of phosphate solution.


Over the last few years, the Research in Practice section of Archives of Disease in Childhood, Education & Practice has published papers covering a range of methods from basic science to clinical trials as well as initiatives developed to improve implementation and education of research skills. This article attempts to show how such diverse approaches fit together to work to improve patient care. Figure 1 provides a visual representation of how the different aspects, types and components of research work together. In the following sections, we explore how advances in different areas are transforming our understanding of disease and how we look after and treat patients.

Figure 1
Visual representation of translational medical research. In green boxes are different stages and types of research from the original question/challenge to change in practice. In blue are highlighted advances and in yellow the infrastructure facilitating improved research for children.

The last two decades have seen an explosion in technologies and methodologies, enabling us to further understand the pathophysiology of disease. Most notably, the development of 'omic' technologies has enabled high throughput analysis of the genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and microbiomic landscape of patients and their diseases (see, eg, What is next generation sequencing?1–4). We will see below how this is impacting on diagnostics and treatments for patients. These technologies, at the most, provide a profile of a given disease or state; however, it is through functional evaluation in model systems, such as cell culture and animal models …


Objective and Methods Deep and shallow needling methods in acupuncture were used to intervene with the benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) resulting from testosterone propionate in rats. Their results were observed and compared. Results In acupuncture group, the weight indices of the prostate and bladder were lower than those in control group; morphologically compared with the control group, the hyperplasia was relieved obviously, with simple columnar epithelium, diminished glands in number, reduced interstitial congestion and calcification, no hyperplasia in the connective tissues and less secretions in grandular space. The results were better in deep needling group than in shallow needling group. Conclusion Deep needling method is better than shallow needling method in the intervention of experimental BPH in rats.