were quite inactive until treated with alkaline phosphatase. Only partial activity is, however, restored. This confirms the earlier work of Atkins & Ward (1945). Investigation (Table 2) as to whether the action of the quinone derivatives was bacteriostatic or bactericidal showed that, as expected, lower concentrations of the active compounds reduced growth but left bacteria viable, while higher concentrations caused complete destruction of the organism. As the pH of the cultures varied from 6-0 to 7-3 the quinones tended to become somewhat less active. There seems to be no obvious correlation in this series between antibiotic and antimitotic action. SUMMARY


Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) imaging experiments show that cross-range compression, including image based phase error correction, can be performed at very low return light levels. This includes images where the precompression shot-noise-limited signal-to-noise ratio is much less than unity.


"Understanding People-Environment relationships is a key aspect of future improvement in landscape architectural research. Designers need to explore user's experience in order to make sensible design decisions. This paper reports on an environmental gerontology research project which has sought to understand aged care residents' user experiences of their outdoor landscape designed environment. Using Digital Storytelling and Go-Along methods as techniques to engage users, this research was able to draw out the residents lived experiences of the gardens provided within their aged care facilities. This approach was adopted to empower users, especially senior users, to voice their opinions. Fieldwork was conducted over two years across two different aged care facilities in Queensland, Australia. The purpose of this research is twofold: to develop a more comprehensive understanding of individual user experiences by investigating the factors that contribute to user engagement in their outdoor environment; and to explore the role of participatory media in understanding user experience within a landscape design context. The findings of this research show that these outdoor landscapes contribute not only to a therapeutic experience, but can also actively construct a 'healthful landscape'. User's landscape experiences are deeply connected with personal memories. Individual landscape memories influence user's experiences in positive ways. Plant gifting/exchange is a common and important practice of social interaction among residents. It positively contributes to a healthful landscape experience by connecting to personal memories, as well as to each other. The richness of garden colors and form also plays a more important role in making these spaces a vibrant experience for aging users. Finally, ease of maintenance was shown to be an important enabler for residents' active engagement in their landscapes. These findings could assist in implementing strategies to inform and enable future design solutions in an ageing society."


RWE Energie has installed a pilot drying plant (PTA) for lignite at the site of power plant Niederaussem. This pilot plant has a rated capacity of maximum 100 t/h with a residual humidity of 12 wt.-%. The produced dry lignite is converted in the existing 600 MW unit H at Niederaussem. To this end, part of the existing start-up and auxiliary oil burners were modified to combined burners for the combustion of oil or dry lignite. The dry lignite firing is designed for a thermal capacity of 500 MJ/s, corresponding to about 30% of the total firing capacity. It is the aim of the co-combustion of dry lignite in steam generator H to develop proven and long-term functioning dry lignite burners for a future dry lignite power plant.


The invention relates to a smart lock, in particular to a control system and method of the smart lock having remote control, alarm receiving and monitoring functions, and discloses a control system of the smart lock of a mobile internet and a control method thereof. The control system comprises a fingerprint coded lock module, a photographing and data collection server module and a smart terminal processing module. Communication between the fingerprint coded lock module and the smart terminal processing module is achieved through connection via a data line or through wireless transmission via a wireless communication module. Communication between the photographing and data collection server module and the smart terminal processing module is achieved by accessing the internet via a wired or wireless connection module. Accordingly, a both-way communication system is built through communication connection between the smart terminal processing module with the photographing and data collection server module and the fingerprint coded lock module, and the use status of the smart lock can be monitored in real time and the smart lock can be operated in a long distance. The invention further discloses the control method of the control system. The smart lock is enabled to have various functions such as movement and remote alarming, and is simple and convenient to operate and easy to popularize.


According to the initial plan at the time of opening, with the Hanbittap as the center, only international exhibition quarter in the east side would be removed after closing of exposition. And exhibition halls in the permanent exhibition quarter would be used as the educational venue for national science throughout the operation after the maintenance. In every cases of exposition in the past time most facilities were removed after the closing, main exhibition hall as the permanent facilities attempted to use was a fresh point of view. According to this, the competent, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry Resources (now the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) handed the management authority of the permanent exhibition quarter to Expia World Co. which is the subsidiary of Daekyo Group. Now at the east area, Daejeon Convention Center, TJB Daejeon Broadcasting Co., Daejeon MBC and the apartment buildings with stores are located, so the trace of exposition was disappeared. According to the organization committee, after the total of fourteen million visitors had joined the exhibition, management were getting hard on with the financial crisis of 1997 because of reduced visitors. Finally Expia World returned the management authority of Expo Science Park, so the ownership of it was transferred to the Daejeon City. After that, the metropolitan city of Daejeon established local corporation Expo Science Park to manage it. As compared with the central government, financial state is not good relatively, Daejeon City received order to clear the financial problem from the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2008. The deficit reached to the amount of 5 billion won per year. But through the procedure of practical use named as Expo Recreation Business, various alternatives are to be seeking now. Daejeon City is feeling deeply chagrined with the fate of Expo Science Park. Eventually on July in 2012, Lotte Group submitted the business plan contained with shopping center from the Theme Park Lotte World to the Daejeon City and got the approval of business. Tentatively named "Daejeon Lotte World", this project would be begun in 2013, be opened in 2016 and now is going on. This new business plan have contents the most removal of present exposition facilities and enter into the redevelopment. But the MOTIE did not permit this plan with regard to the Act on the Support of Daedeok Exclusive Zone for Research Development, so the Lotte World is now finding another building site. Recently on July, 2013 memorandum of agreement contained to build Korea Basic Science Institute and the attached heavy ion accelerator which are maim project was signed between the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning and Daejeon City.


Training of a shape memory alloy (SMA) is a process in which the mechanical response is stabilized. Since in real-world applications of an SMA, stress is variable and different from the training st...


This article aims to analyze how African culture is rescued in Brazilian children's literature, through a literature and analytical research in books. Thus, works such as The cruse of gold, DuduCalunga and Berimbau, Brazilian writer Joel Rufino dos Santos, are some of the children's narratives analyzed, where there is the presence of African myths and beliefs that are narrated and told from the point of view of black, with symbolic ties that sustain the identity of companies from different times. Other works of authors such as Ruth Rocha and Heloise Pietro Pires are also among the narratives analisadas.Para this work to take place, we sought the theoretical background on authors such as Alfredo Bosi, Gilberto Freyre and Fanny Abramovich, among others.


The role of a PhD programme is to train
students for a career in research – be it at
university or in industry. In our experience,
almost all physics students who begin a PhD
hope for an academic career, yet the overwhelming
majority eventually move into
industry where they contribute hugely to
the research and development of firms.
Although this picture seems to be accepted
by those now embarking on a PhD, many
students still have little idea how they could
exploit their physics PhD beyond the narrow
confines of their research project.
In 2008 – a difficult time for UK physics,
which suffered funding cuts and department
closures – nine university departments
in the south east of England came
together to form the South East Physics network
(SEPnet). This collaboration helped
revive physics in the region by focusing on
outreach as well as student employability
via a summer industry placement scheme.
In 2013 SEPnet launched GRADnet to
give PhD physics students greater awareness
of opportunities outside academia and
a broader set of the skills that are needed
to exploit them.


Today the picture is reversed. Young women preparing to teach expect to marry. Many are engaged to be married before they graduate. The proportion of men on the school staff is rapidly becoming larger. The modern school program demands an increasing number of men in both elementary school and high school, In the next ten years school systems will be hiring married couples with increasing frequency. If we add to this picture the present trend toward recruitment of homemakers with liberal arts degrees, it is quite clear that the special problems of the teacher's child and the teacher who has children in public schools are significant factors in the personal relations of the school community. Though the school situation has changed a great deal in the past thirty years, the special problems that beset the teacher's child and the teacher who has children in the public schools are not new. These problems have been with us since public schools first opened their doors. Why does the teacher's child have problems that other children do not face? Why does the teacher whose child attends the school where she


Juvenile and young adult bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) were tested for tolerance to high temperatures. The ultimate upper lethal temperature of juvenile bloaters (26.75 C) appeared to be slightly higher than that of young adult bloaters, but was similar to that of juvenile ciscoes, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C), the only other North American coregonine for which a detailed description of temperature tolerance has been published.Regression equations are given that permit estimation of the thermal tolerance when the lethal temperatures are incompletely known. The estimated thermal tolerance of juvenile bloaters (617 units) was slightly less than that of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; 625 units), but was higher than that of other Salmonidae.


This paper presents a low power strategy for test data compression and a new decompression scheme for test vectors. In our method, we propose an efficient algorithm for scan chain reordering to deal with the power dissipation problem. Further, we also propose a test slice difference (TSD) technique to improve test data compression. It is an efficient method and only needs one extra scan cell. In experimental results, the scheme that we presented achieve high compression ratio. The power consumption is also better compared with other well-known compression techniques.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oral hygiene habits, eating habits and salivary pH in patients with absence and presence of no carious cervical lesions. METHOD: Through a cross-sectional study evaluated 88 patients of both sexes, female (63.6%) and male (36.4%), between 18 and 71 years in services Occlusion of the cities of Joao Pessoa Campina Grande. Clinical assessments were performed by a single calibrated examiner to diagnose the presence of lesions, compared to groups dental erosion and abrasion habits and Salivary pH. Through descriptive analysis and nonparametric (chi-square, Spearman ρ coefficient and U Mann-Whitney test) at 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval. RESULT: The prevalence of 65.90% of patients with injuries, the group premolar was the most affected by injuries, which were frequent in the buccal and jaw. Gender was not associated with the presence of lesions, whereas age was statistically significant (p<0.001) for the presence of these. The number and direction of brushing (Abrasive Factor) and Salivary pH didn't show association with the presence of lesions; whereas the frequency of soft drink consumption from 1 to 7× weekly, showed a positive association. CONCLUSION: Patients with occlusal changes have a large number of no carious cervical lesions and the frequency of soft drink consumption accounted statistical association with the presence of lesions.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Transitions in biofilm formation VERNITA GORDON, TRAVIS THATCHER, BENJAMIN COOLEY, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin — Biofilms are multicellular, dynamic communities formed by interacting unicellular organisms bound to a surface. Forming a biofilm is a developmental process, characterized by sequential changes in gene expression and behavior as bacteria and yeast progress from discrete, free-swimming cells though stages that arrive at a mature biofilm. We are developing automated metrics to identify key transitions in early biofilm formation as cells attach to a surface, populate that surface, and adhere to each other to form early microcolonies. Our metrics use high-throughput tracking and analysis of microscopy movies to localize these transitions in space and time. Each of these transitions is associated with a loss of entropy in the bacterial system and, therefore, with biological activity that drives this loss of entropy. Better understanding of these transitions will allow automated determination of the strength and turn-on of attractive cell-surface and cell-cell interactions as biofilm development progresses. Vernita Gordon Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin Date submitted: 28 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


A Microsoft peripherals devices: kinect was introduced. Using human motion detection and facial recognition capabilities of the device provides complete orchard intrusion detection,and then integrates the existing text messaging system and speaker system to form a complete set point orchard anti-theft system design study. Based on kinect orchards verified intrusion detection and face recognition capabilities, this design can be used to prove that point burglar working orchard,which has a certain reference significance.


TREGRO, a single tree physiological model, was used to simulate the growth of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees, and their responses to ozone treatment. Growth and physiological data needed to parameterize the model were obtained from a field ozone fumigation experiment and the literature. Important differences in describing tree and seedling growth by the model were stomatal and mesophyll conductances, flushing frequency, degree of self-shading and organ growth rates. Experimentally observed reductions in stomatal and mesophyll conductances in response to ozone treatment were applied to the seedling and mature tree. Twice ambient ozone treatment resulted in small reductions in aboveground growth; however, coarse root biomass was greatly reduced. Differences in ozone responses between the seedling and mature tree were compared.


Partial order temporal logics interpreted on trace systems have been shown not to have finitary complete axiomatizations due to the fact that the complexity of their decidability problem is in II 1 1. This paper gives infinitary complete proof systems for several temporal logics on trace systems e.g. Computation Tree Logic with past operators and an essential subset of Interleaving Set Temporal Logic.


Businesses may utilize big data to spread across a network, analyses vast amounts of complex data, and find hidden patterns and connections. The deployment of a framework that is both effective and secure is required since the information that moves across an infected system is typically sensitive. In the realm of big data, network security has thus been raised to the early phases of assessment. In order to identify and stop potential attacks in real time, network security protocols must manage a significant volume of data which is both complex and diverse. Unfortunately, since such systems are usually created using outdated techniques, securing vast volumes of information may be difficult. In this post, we'll mostly talk about information protection for massive volumes of data and network security solutions. We start by talking about the variables that affect network security design in the Big Data environment. Then, we'll talk about a few big data solutions that provide network-wide data security as well as recent research results.


The Gluconacetobacter xylinus species, belonging to a group of acetic bacteria, is capable of partial oxidation of glycerol. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), being a product of that transformation, has been used in the food industry (as a sweetener), cosmetic industry (production of self-tanning creams) and in dermatology (treatment of leukoderma). The objective of the study reported herein was to determine values of the initial concentration of glycerol in the culture medium, active acidity of the medium and time of culture assuring the highest quantity of DHA produced, all three being optimal for the course of glycerol biotransformation to DHA. The biotransformation process was conducted with the use of G. xylinus cells immobilized in calcium alginate. The study demonstrated that in the culture medium with pH 5.0 and initial concentration of glycerol reaching 100 g/L, the concentration of DHA after 36 h of biotransformation accounted for 10.9 g/L. The highest content of the product in the culture media with active acidity of 7.0 or 8.0 and containing 100 g of glycerol/L at the beginning of the process, reached 10.5 g/L (after 36 h) and 10.7 g/L (after 34 h of the process), respectively. Elongating the biotransformation process to over 36 h resulted in a decrease in DHA concentration, which could have been due to its phosphorylation. Results obtained in this research demonstrated that the efficiency of glycerol biotransformation to DHA was determined, first of all, by the initial concentration of substrate and, to a slightly lesser extent, by acidity of the culture medium and process duration.


In this work we focus our attention on the quadratic subproblem of trust-region algorithms for large-scale bound-constrained minimization. An approach that combines a mild active set strategy with gradient projection techniques is employed in the solution of large-scale bound-constrained quadratic problems. To fill in some gaps that have appeared in previous work, we propose and analyze heuristics which dynamically choose the parameters in charge of the decision of leaving or not the current face of the feasible set. The numerical analysis is based on problem from CUTE collection and randomly generated convex problems with controlled conditioning and degeneracy. The practical consequences of an appropriate decision of such parameters have shown to be crucial, particularly when dual degenerate problems are solved.


In this paper, a five channel drop filter has been designed in a two dimensional photonic crystal with high dielectric rods in air. Each channel consists of a photonic crystal coupled cavity waveguide with double cavities combined with a line defect waveguide. Desired wavelengths are selected by setting different radii of the two point defects in the photonic crystal coupled cavity waveguides. Defect rods placed at the same channel have an identical radius. The performance of the designed (...)


A Hierarchical Weighted Voting System (HWVS) model is established to describe the process of data transmission on the wireless sensor network (WSN) whose topology is cluster. A new definitions about reliability of HWVS is presented. Based on universal generating function technique, an algorithm is suggested for evaluating the reliability of HWVS. The proof that suggested algorithm is applicable to HWVS is also presented. At the end of the paper, an example is used to illustrate the process of calculating the reliability of WSN.


The present paper examines the evolution of archbishop Theodore's canonical and penitential teachings from oral sayings to popular written texts. In the course of the investigation, two previously unidentified fragments of Theodoran material are introduced, a new source for his teachings is brought to light, and a date for some Theodoran texts is proposed. The evidence sheds new light on the making of an early medieval canon law authority.


Abstract Britain's Household Benefit Cap restricts the amount of benefit income unemployed households can receive. In this article, it is examined using material held at the UK's National Archives recording debates about a proposal to introduce a similar policy – a benefit limit – in the first Thatcher Conservative government elected in 1979. It was rejected, but the Household Benefit Cap was introduced three decades later. The article locates debates about, and the practice of restricting benefit income, in perennial social security concerns with the financial incentive to do waged work. The article argues that while there are material differences that help explain the different policy outcomes in 1980 and 2010, they can primarily be explained by changing ideas about the roles of social security policy, including the development of the 'incentive paradigm' concerned with manipulating behaviour; a loss of concern with the hardship that would come with the introduction of a benefit restriction and a view that institutions other than the state are better placed to address poverty and buttress work incentives.


The paper analyzes the economics of CO2 emissions in power systems by introducing concepts of marginal carbon intensity (MCI) of electricity demand and shadow carbon intensities (SCI) of binding transmission constraints. It demonstrates that values of MCIs are time and location dependent and exhibit properties similar to those of locational marginal prices of power. These concepts and their properties are discussed using simple examples illustrating their importance and potential use in solving practical problems and designing CO2 abatement policies.


The proton potential functions of Schiff base – formic acid complexes were calculated in the ab-initio scheme with STO-3G and 4-31G basis sets without and with the inclusion of a perturbing charge. The comparison of the curves with the retinal Schiff base and allylimine obtained by using the short base encouraged further calculations with the longer base on the truncated system only. The curve obtained with the 4-31G set on the allylimine – formic acid complex is of a double minimum type with the deeper well still at the formyl oxygen. Inclusion of a perturbing negative charge near the hydrogen bond reverses the depth of the wells making the N-protonated form more stable.


Viceroy Jose Fernando de Abascal is a polemical figure in the peruvian historiography. The studies that through nineteenth and twentieth centuries evaluated his government and also the power space of his time were conditionated by many juncture circunstances that are the main reflection of this historiographic balance. This article concentrated on the peruvian nationalism of XIXth and XXth centuries, on the social theory of the emancipation arised in the Spain of general Francisco Franco, on the socio-economic interpretation appeared under the celebration of the Sesquicentenary of the peruvian independence, and finally on the recent researchs made under political culture perspective.


This chapter educates laboratorians, biosafety personnel, and health care workers about the potential hazards of working in settings in which exposures to viable parasites could occur. It provides information about parasites that have caused or could cause accidental infections in laboratorians and health care workers. Factors that influence whether infection and disease develop after accidental exposures are also provided in this chapter. The chapter focuses on the protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), and African trypanosomiasis. Summary data about 180 occupationally acquired cases of infection with the protozoa that cause these diseases are provided in this chapter. Blood and tissue protozoa of potential relevance to laboratorians and health care workers are also discussed in this chapter. Few laboratory-acquired helminthic infections have been reported. Even if laboratorians became infected by ingestion of infective eggs or through penetration of skin by infective larvae, they typically would have low worm burdens and few, if any, symptoms because most helminths do not multiply in humans. The fact that some of the persons who acquired parasitic infections did not recall discrete exposures suggests that subtle exposures (e.g., contamination of unrecognized microabrasions and exposure through aerosolization or droplet spread) can result in infection.


Introduction Near-infrared spectrometry assesses hemoglobin saturation of oxygen in tissues (StO2). Although it may provide additional information on local microcirculation function, the usefulness of near-infrared spectrometry in septic patients is debated. This study evaluated whether baseline StO2 value is useful in septic patients admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of severe sepsis. Materials and methods We carried out a prospective multicenter study in three emergency departments in Paris, France. Triage nurses were to record StO2, the results were blinding to the emergency physicians. Patients were eligible when presenting with at least two of the following parameters: temperature higher than 38°C or less than 36°C, respiratory rate greater than 30/min, heart rate greater than 120/min, and systolic arterial blood pressure less than 110 mmHg. Patients with a final diagnosis of sepsis and severe sepsis were analyzed. Results We analyzed 98 patients (70 with sepsis and 28 with severe sepsis). Thirty-day mortality was 2.9 versus 14.3% (P=0.048) in the sepsis and the severe sepsis group, respectively. No significant difference in the median StO2 was observed in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis [79% (74–85%) vs. 77% (72–83%), respectively; P=0.66]. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for StO2 to predict severe sepsis was 0.53 (0.39–0.66; P=0.5) and the cutoff value was 77%. Median StO2 did not differ in patients admitted to the ICU [80% (60–88%) vs. 79% (74–84%); P=0.78] and in nonsurvivors compared with that of survivors [79% (74–85%) vs. 76% (73–83%); P=0.64]. Conclusion This study fails to show any value of StO2 baseline at triage for early detection of severe sepsis in emergency patients.


Augmented reality is a medium that has grown to an even higher extent lately. As the technology evolves so does the number of possible usage areas for the medium. This thesis examines the possibili ...


Dear Sir, Proper models help us to analyse and understand the behaviour of real systems, as well as to predict them in different situations. There are some parameters in each model that should be tuned in order to increase the similarity of the model to the real system as much as possible. In models of chaotic systems, changing these parameters not only changes model behaviour quantitatively, but also may change it qualitatively (i.e. may cause bifurcation). In these cases, before anything, we need an indicator to show the amount of this similarity. In previous studies, some methods have been introduced for this purpose, most of them under the topic of synchronization, which seem to have some limitations. In Tao et al. (2007), for example, the mean square error between real time series and model time series has been used as an indicator for the similarity between the system and its model. For this purpose, initial conditions of the real signal are calculated and then fed to the model to generate the rest of the signal. Obviously, it is not possible to know the exact value of real signals due to the measurement and observation error, noise, etc. (the error may be very small, but not zero). Consequently, since chaotic systems are sensitive to initial conditions and may have random-like behaviour, even if there is no mismatch between the system and its model, the correlation between their time series will be zero, which means that they have no similarity in time space (Hilborn 2001). Another way, which is used in more studies, is that the system and the model are controlled simultaneously, and then in the new situation, which is not in chaotic mode, parameters are estimated (Lan and Li 2010). However, this method is not useful for uncontrollable systems such as weather and biological systems. In the field of chaos and complex systems, some tools have been introduced to extract quantitative features of the chaotic behaviour. From them, the largest Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension can be outlined (Hilborn 2001). In the first glance, it may seem thatwe can use these tools as similarity indicators. Although these aremoremeaningful than the previous ones, they have some limitations as well. For example,many sets of parameters with the same largest Lyapunov exponent can be found for a single chaotic system such as the logistic map (Hilborn 2001). It means that if we know values of these indicators in a real system, there will be many sets of model parameters that exhibit the same values of those indicators. Therefore, it will be difficult to choose the best parameter set.


In this paper, we consider a broadband cellular system with a full-duplex base station and half-duplex mobile stations, employing orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) in the downlink and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in the uplink. Our goal is to maximize the weighted network sum rate by jointly optimizing the downlink/uplink transmit power allocation, under a joint power constraint and per-user power constraints, respectively. Due to the non-convexity of the resulting problem, we propose a low-complexity suboptimal solution based on alternating optimization (AO), where in each alternating iteration, a difference of concave optimization problem is solved in an efficient manner. The final solution obtained is shown to be a stationary point solution to the original non-convex problem and the performance gain offered by the proposed joint power allocation design is verified by extensive simulations.


Over the past decades, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been developing rapidly. The UAV can fly above most open area easily and understand the situation immediately. In this study, a restricted area that need to be controlled for 24 hours, the use of UAV with the thermal camera can be more efficient. This study applies thermal sensor fusion of an UAV for path planning, obstacle avoidance, and image processing for outdoor patrol. An UAV can follow a predefined path and search human target by thermal camera. Once the target is found, the UAV hovers above the object. Simultaneously, the location will be sent back to the control center. In the environment with known obstacles, the study uses the A* algorithm for path planning. For unknown obstacles, the UAV utilizes the depth camera and ultrasonic module to detect the obstacles. The FLIR DUO-R thermal camera is used to detect surroundings and checks whether if there is any desired target. About the image processing, the deep learning algorithm YOLOv3 is applied to identify human shape. Success detection rates of single object and multiple objects are both high accuracy.


【Background: As the internal mammary artery is far superior to the vein in the patency rate recently there has been a tendency to use the arterial graft as much as possible in coronary artery bypass grafts with the expectation of better the short- and long-term patency rate. Material and Method: We sequentially grafted the diagonal and the left anterior descending artery significantly influencing the cardiac function with the internal mammary artery. There were 32 cases of sequential grafts from July 1993 to December 1998: 21 men and 11 women. The age range was from 43 to 69 years with a mean age of 56.64 $\pm$ 6.41 years. There were 22 unstable angina 7 stable angina and 3 acute myocardial infarction. 8 cases of them were accompanied by stenosis of the left main coronary artery. The grafts for coronary artery bypass surgery included the great saphenous vein at 60 the right gastroepiploci artery at 5 and the left internal mammary artery at 64 coronary arteries. Result: One patient died from sepsis and multiorgan failure. Complications included wound infections in two cases and gastrointestinal bleeding in one patient. All patients showed decrease or disappearance of angina after operation. The postoperative coronary angiogram performed in 9 patients showed neither occlusion nor stenosis of the grafts. Conclusion: This study suggests that sequential anastomosis of the internal mammary artery to the diagonal and the left anterior descending artery may result in excellent short-term patency diagonal and the left anterior descending artery may result in excellent short-term patency rate and be useful for the coronary artery bypass graft using only arterial grafts】


This study aims to develop a five-tier diagnostic test that can that be used to identify misconceptions and causes of students' misconception on waves and optics materials. This type of research is development research using a 4-D model. The study was conducted in two junior high schools which in West Bandung, West Java with a sample of 193 students. Data analysis used is quantitative analysis by looking at the quality of the items. The results of the study showed that the content validity test obtained a CVI value of 0.833 which was included in the criteria as very appropriate. The empirical validity test obtained the value of MNSQ 0.98 outfit and ZSTD 0.3 outfit which means that the item corresponds to the measured construct. Item reliability 0.86 and Alpha cronbach 0.87 show good reliability. The differentiating problem showed it was not necessary to remove the question. While Point Measure Correlation shows that the level of difficulty of the questions varies greatly. Overall, it can be concluded that the five-tier diagnostic test developed has met the criteria and was declared feasible for identifying misconceptions and causes of students' misconceptions in waves and optics materials.


In this year's sponsored but no holds barred lunch, participants had the opportunity to contemplate examples of proactive approaches answering the question posed by the 2015 conference theme, "Where Do We Go From Here?" This year's lunch theme was inspired by a saying of Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra (May 12, 1925–September 22, 2015): "When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It." Researchers increasingly must meet various data management requirements and mandates, while educators are challenged by changing trends in providing curricular content. What choices do these challenges provide to libraries and librarians? In the best case scenarios, they utilize approaches espoused in Yogi Berra's advice—they follow paths (opportunities) that present themselves, and become partners. In this year's sponsored but no holds barred lunch, participants had the opportunity to contemplate examples of proactive approaches answering the question posed by the 2015 conference theme, "Where Do We Go From Here?" This year's lunch theme was inspired by a saying of Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra (May 12, 1925–September 22, 2015): "When You Come to a Fork in the Road, Take It." Researchers increasingly must meet various data management requirements and mandates, while educators are challenged by changing trends in providing curricular content. What choices do these challenges provide to libraries and librarians? In the best case scenarios, they utilize approaches espoused in Yogi Berra's advice—they follow paths (opportunities) that present themselves, and become partners. After greetings from Wendy Bahnsen on behalf of the lunch host, Rittenhouse, Ramune Kubilius presented the traditional brief "year in review" recap, highlighting news and trends that occurred or were noted since the Charleston Conference of 2014 that she listed on a handout entitled "Developments." The past year included anniversaries of independent publishers Karger (125 years) and Sage (50 years); retirements of the director of the US National Library of Medicine and of longtime key health sciences association personnel; industry mergers and acquisitions; a preponderance of news about datasets; open access developments; and critiques and initiatives in the realm of the peer review system. Three panelists shared insights and opened the floor for lively discussion. Are alternate open textbooks a solution for educators seeking health sciences curricular reading materials? In her presentation, entitled "Textbooks: Trends, Alternatives & Experimentation," Elizabeth Lorbeer discussed the current environment, experiments, and roles ("reinvented" expertise) librarians can share in order to help faculty and students. Her institution's library staff at a relatively new medical school has been able to become very Copyright of this contribution remains in the name of the author(s). http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316272 Collection Development 304 involved in the selection and acquisition process for course materials, and was tasked with running of the medical school's bookstore. Experiments and initiatives have included the use of Inkling and Apple iBooks, institution as publisher (creation of open textbooks with accompanying peer review of content questions), and the use of Wikis for course materials. She ended with points that are food for thought. There is often the challenge of print versus electronic selection that can sometimes be driven by student preference. Not all online (e‐books) offer annotation features. How should class notes and lectures be addressed? As for "must have textbooks," if the instructor wants students to have a particular book, the library can purchase it on their behalf and charge as cost of attendance. Other challenges and concerns include the need to restrict access to course materials only on the Intranet to be in copyright and licensing compliance, and a demand on libraries to spend finite collection dollars on examination review materials and resources, often driven by students who focus on them as a way to help them pass tests. Cunera Buys described work she and Pamela Shaw (Biosciences & Bioinformatics Librarian, Northwestern University's Galter Health Sciences Library) have done in the data management planning arena, as part of a university working group. She provided background and shared results of a survey conducted by Northwestern University's E‐Science Working Group that were first presented at a Medical Library Association 2015 annual meeting in a poster presentation entitled "Disciplinary Perceptions of Data and Data Management Practices." Libraries have a role in helping researchers understand funders' data sharing requirements, developing LibGuides, and knowing their constituents' disciplinary repository options when there are no institutional repositories that can accommodate datasets. Knowledge of our institutions' data management policies is key. Additional assistance includes help with and consultation on metadata, best practices (storing data on lab or personal computer desktops is not sharing or preservation), and the need to spell out specifics in data management plans. She shared some resources for librarians to become more familiar with data management issues and emphasized that datasets can and are part of libraries' collections. Librarians should consider what kinds of datasets they will store, what are their sizes, and how long will they be kept. Moderator Jean Gudenas rounded out the panel by sharing highlights of a poster prepared for the 2015 Charleston Conference Friday evening poster session entitled "Expanding Limits with Get It Now." The question posed was whether access to material could be sufficient and provide cost‐ savings over ownership to a title. This is especially relevant considering that yearly journal subscription increases are not necessarily matched by yearly library budget increases and additional collection challenges such as expensive niche information needs that cater to a small population. As a supplement to document delivery solutions, Jean shared the steps her library took to identify a group of 100 high‐ demand, non‐subscription journals to make available through Get it Now (Copyright Clearance Center), opting to make it an unmediated service. This solution was not set up lightly and incorporated an analysis of requests, exploration of cost per use in various alternative supplier (including publisher) options, a survey of users, and careful scrutiny concerning the expenditure of the amount in the deposit account. Session participants took advantage of the opportunity to pose questions to presenters and share their own experiences and thoughts about best practices.


This document specifies an automatic tunneling mechanism for providing
IPv4 connectivity service to end users over a service provider's
IPv6 network infrastructure. During the long transition period from
IPv4-only to IPv6-only, a service provider's network infrastructure
will have to deploy IPv6. But it will also have to maintain some IPv4
connectivity for a number of customers, for both outgoing and incoming
connections, and for both customer-individual and shared IPv4
addresses. The 4rd solution (IPv4 Residual Deployment) is designed as
a lightweight solution for this. In some scenarios, 4rd can dispense
ISPs from supporting any NAT in their infrastructures. In some others
it can be used in parallel with NAT-based solutions such as DS-lite
and/or NAT64/DNS4.


This survey aims to evaluate the main types of existing economic-demographic models their applicability (particularly in the less-developed countries) and their possibilities for future development and utilization. (excerpt)


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electro-acoustic factors (noise, distortion, feedback) on the continuous use of hearing aids in children under 15 years. Method: This study was conducted based on a causal comparative approach and by descriptive analytical techniques using a questionnaire. In total,168 children under 15 years affected by bilateral hearing loss, and who had used a hearing aid for at least one year and supported by welfare organization of Rasht, were selected as the statistical population. The data obtained was collected using self-administered questionnaires filled out by both children and parents together. For statistical analysis, both analytical and descriptive techniques were used. The obtained data were summarized as one, two and three dimensional tables. For data analysis the ttest and variance analysis techniques were performed. Results: The obtained results showed that ear resonating (buzz construction ), hearing aid whistling, and annoying hearing of ambient sounds had an inverse relationship with the average hours of daily usage of hearing aid. Decreasing ability of understanding speech in the presence of noise is one of the main complaints in hearing impaired people. Effective communication in complex listening environments requires the health of peripheral, central and cognitive auditory system. If the process fails at any point in these devices the ability of understanding speech reduces. Speech is a very complex audio-signal consisting of sections and acoustical properties. Each of the sections have great importance for the formation of correct speech understanding. An impairment in organizing input hearing understanding, similar to the incidence of hearing loss, can cause significant implications in the understanding and identification of complex auditory signals, such as speech and music. Separating these different sounds when simultaneously presented is normally carried out on the basis of their different frequencies and the harmonic relations of each of them. It seems that small adjustments for the hearing aid and the solving of electro-acoustic problems can improve its daily usage(4).


One of the greatest problems for India is undernutrition among children. The country is still struggling with this problem. The objective of the investigation was to examine the nutritional status of school going girls of 8 to 10 years age. A total of 434 school going girls were selected from 9 Municipal Upper Primary Schools of Tirupati urban region. All the girls belonged to low income households. Data on dietary intake was collected by using combination of 3 day dietary recall and weighment method. Height, weight and MUAC were measured. Consumption of all the nutrients by a majority of girls was less than the recommended dietary allowances. Data on anthropometry revealed that the mean height, weight and MUAC of girls of all the age groups was significantly (P<0.00%) less than the standards of National Center for Health Statistics.


An increasingly common characteristic in visual programming languages (VPLs) is level 4 liveness-the constant monitoring of the system state with continuous redisplay as events arrive and computations progress. However, level 4 liveness can be expensive. We present an implementation method that supports level 4 liveness in declarative VPLs, ensuring without "unreasonable" cost that all values on the screen are correctly updated as computations progress. The method is especially well suited for the growing class of declarative VPLs that display continuously time varying calculations and graphics, such as GUI specification VPLs, event based or reactive VPLs, scientific visualization VPLs, or graphical simulation VPLs.


3017 Background: RCC is recognized as an immunogenic tumor and several TAA are known to be widely expressed on RCC. In previous experiments intradermal vaccination of naked RNA in mice showed that this approach leads to expression of the corresponding protein and induction of a protective antitumor immunity. Methods: Based on these results we conducted a phase I/II trial to evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy as well as immunological responses of RNA vaccination in patients with metastatic RCC. Vaccination was performed with mRNA encoding for TAA using 2 different treatment arms. Eligibility criteria included bidimensionally measurable lesions, age 18 to 79 years and a 6 week interval to last therapy. In vitro transcribed RNA was generated using plasmids coding for the TAA MUC1, CEA, Her-2/neu, telomerase, survivin and MAGE-1. Vaccinations were performed intradermally on days 1, 14, 28 and 42 in arm A and on days 0–3, 7–10, 28 and 42 in an intensified arm B. Subsequently vaccinations were repeated m...


With the global outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, more and more countries have entered the state of sealing off cities. After the epidemic, with the shortage of some materials, the economy is very likely to enter the state of inflation. Thereby, it is necessary and urgent for us to reconsider investment problems involving inflation risk. In this paper, we mainly study the optimal investment strategy of two defined contribution (DC) pension managers with strategy interaction under inflation risk. The traditional portfolio literatures mainly focus on DC pension plan and try to maximize the expected utility of terminal nominal wealth. In this paper, we consider the more complicated situation that pension managers have, both concerns on relative wealth and relative risk aversion. Then, the objective function is constructed to satisfy these two concerns. The dynamic programming principle method is employed to solve the above problems, and a series of analytical solutions to this problem are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are discussed for the economic implications to support our theoretical results.


Due to the corporate collapses in the past, regulations on formal structures of corporate governance and especially the board of directors have been tightened all over the world. As those regulations did not bring about the expected improvement in board effectiveness, the idea of a missing piece in the puzzle of board effectiveness emerged. The focus shifted towards the behaviour of directors as individuals and the board as a group. It is claimed that the gap between what board roles suggest and what boards really do is the human side of corporate governance. Hence, it is the behavioural factors that determine whether positive or negative board dynamics emerge and how they affect the decision-making process. In order to analyse the reasons behind their emergence, widening the scope from agency theory to a pluralistic or multidisciplinary approach of corporate governance is necessary, taking into account especially theories from the field of social psychology, such as decision-making theories and theories on group effectiveness. Also, instead of focusing too much on agency theory by addressing mainly the monitoring role of the board, stewardship theory could lead to more promising outcomes focusing also on the board's advisory and strategy role. Furthermore, behavioural factors cannot be measured directly in a quantitative way, which has led previous studies to use qualitative research methods with small sample sizes. In order to bring more light into boardroom behaviour, research on a large scale is needed.
 Therefore, this doctoral dissertation addresses the behavioural side of corporate governance by using the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) applying the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to a large sample of 87 listed companies of 3 different countries. As a result, and based on the literature-supported idea that cohesiveness is the driver behind all board dynamics having a positive effect on the monitoring and the advisory board tasks, a measurement model for behavioural factors is proposed: informal or behavioural characteristics are connected to formal and directly measurable characteristics. The model is also tested for cultural differences between the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain as representatives of the Anglo-American system, the Continental European system and the hybrid system, respectively.


This paper presents a novel model-based Bayesian filter called the adaptive kernel Kalman filter (AKKF). The proposed filter approximates the arbitrary probability distribution functions (PDFs) of hidden states as empirical kernel mean embeddings (KMEs) in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). Specifically, particles are generated and updated in the data space to capture the properties of the dynamical system model, while the corresponding kernel weight vector and matrix associated with the particles' feature mappings are predicted and updated in the RKHS based on the kernel Kalman rule (KKR). We illustrate and confirm the advantages of our approach through simulation, offering detailed comparison with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), particle filter (PF) and Gaussian particle filter (GPF) algorithms.


A meta-analysis approach was used to interpret effects of growing phase days and rate of gain on finishing performance at theoretically similar maturity using a dataset derived from 53 manuscripts. Growing phase feeding strategies included dry-lot feeding a high-energy finishing diet post-weaning (HG; n = 16), silage (DL-forg; n = 32) or a moderate energy diet (DL; n = 78), stocking cattle on winter wheat (WW; n = 16) or range (GR; n = 43). Independent variables of interest were initial growing phase body weight (initial BW), growing phase average daily gain (ADG), days-on-feed in growing phase (DOF), and final growing phase body weight. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS, with treatment means weighted by experimental units (EU) per treatment. Optimal combinations of growing phase DOF and initial BW differed between models. Yet, for dressing percent (R2 = 0.39), LMA (R2 = 0.55), final finishing BW (R2 = 0.58), and HCW (R2 = 0.54) models, an 80-d growing phase for cattle starting at 240 kg resulted in greatest responses by these variables. Simulations evaluating effects of growing phase ADG on finishing performance (dressing percent; LMA; final body weight; HCW) were set equivalent to simulations evaluating the sensitivity of growing phase DOF in response to initial BW. Solving these simulations generated the initial BW at which cattle were more responsive to growing phase length (DOF) than ADG (LMAcritical point = 255 kg; DPcritical point = 242 kg; Final finishing BWcritical point = 231 kg; HCWcritical point = 233 kg). For finishing performance traits listed, each critical point represents the inflexion at which growing phase ADG exerts greatest influence on each trait modeled. Thus, for example, for cattle starting a growing phase at under 233 kg, faster growing phase ADG results in greater hot carcass weight response.


Additive manufacturing (AM) has brought about a revolution in the way we can manufacture complex products with customized features. AM has paved its way in the application areas ranging from aerospace, automotive, consumer to biomedical. AM of composites has attracted special attention due to its promise in improving, modifying, and diversifying the properties of generic materials through introducing reinforcements. This review provides a detailed landscape of fiber‐reinforced composites processed via AM techniques. Different AM processes, various material formulations, and strengths and drawbacks of AM methods are discussed. Emphasis is paid to AM techniques focusing on continuous fibers, as they hold the promise of becoming the next‐generation composite fabrication methodology. The article also tries to identify the potential of AM technology for fiber‐reinforced composites and delves into challenges facing the area.


August 4, 2020 e69 Alana A. Lewis, MD James A. de Lemos, MD In Response: We appreciate the interest and comments by Chen et al regarding our recent publication. In our study,1 we examined the "malignant" subphenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy and determined that a higher prevalence of malignant left ventricular hypertrophy among black individuals may contribute to racial disparities observed in heart failure (HF) risk. We defined malignant left ventricular hypertrophies as those with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal levels of either hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponinT) or NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide). Chen et al inquired about our decision to define an abnormal NT-proBNP level as ≥100 pg/mL instead of ≥125 pg/mL, which is an age-independent cutoff value that has been shown to have a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of clinical HF. However, the 125 pg/mL cut point was derived among patients with symptoms concerning for HF. In our study, individuals with evidence of any cardiovascular disease, including HF, at baseline were excluded. In the general population, associations of NT-proBNP with structural heart disease and risk begin well below 125 pg/mL,2,3 thus lower thresholds to define risk are appropriate. Our chosen cutoff of ≥100 pg/mL was also consistent with previously published studies in this area.4,5 Using a clinical NT-proBNP cutoff for HF would not be relevant to the aims or purposes of our study. Chen et al also requested clarification on our chosen cutoffs in our subgroup analyses based on body mass index categories (<25, 25 to <30, and >30 kg/m2), and inquired why the 4 categories defined by the World Health Organization were not used instead. The only difference between our categories and the World Health Organization categories is further stratification of body mass index <25 to <18.5 and 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2. However, only 0.8% of our study individuals (and 0.7% of black participants) had a body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, thus the inclusion of this additional category would not have affected our findings. With regards to Dr. Chen's inquiry regarding statistical methods to account for the influence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, we described in our statistical methods section that "logistic regression analyses were performed separately in men and women, adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, total and HDL cholesterol, and eGFR." This method adequately accounts for potential confounding from hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and, because we did not have specific hypotheses related to these variables, did not prespecify subgroup analyses.


Protection circuit for at least one capacitive actuator (P, P1 to Pn), in particular for a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine, to protect the actuator from damage caused by short-circuit, wherein at least in the discharge circuit of the capacitive actuator (P, P1 to Pn) a current-limiting circuit (S) in series with the actuator (P, P1 to Pn) is arranged, characterized in that the current-limiting circuit is disposed (S) in the actuator housing (G) that the current-limiting circuit (S) has a charging current transmitting diode (D) connected in antiparallel , and in that the current-limiting circuit (S) is formed alone or together with the diode (D) as an integrated electronic circuit.


Observation A 34-year-old Cape Verdean male with terminal chronic renal failure of unknown etiology since two years was referred to the urology department for a second opinion after finding an infiltrative mass on routine renal ultrasound. The patient was nonobese and otherwise asymptomatic. Clinical examination revealed a large palpable mass in the pelvis. Laboratory examination showed highly elevated blood levels of creatinine (10.98 mg/dL (nl: 0.67– 1.17 mg/dL)) and urea (123 mg/dL (nl: 16.6–48.5 mg/dL)). We decided to perform a contrast-enhanced CT scan for further evaluation of the mass. The application of contrast agents in this patient with renal failure was permitted because these contrast agents were washed out by dialysis afterwards. The CT examination showed a large pelvic infiltration by fatty tissue with typical attenuation (–40 to –100 Hounsfield units) (Figure 1, arrows) and bilateral small kidneys with atrophy and hydroureteronephrosis. The fatty tissue caused extrinsic compression of the bladder (Figures 1, 2, and 3, white star) and rectum (Figure 2, black star) resulting in morphological deformity. The findings led to the diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis with secondary chronic renal failure.


The microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical strength of heterogeneous materials of mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) saddle were studied. As the key component of the striking system, the saddle was comprised of two distinct layers including outer layer and inner layer. Outer layer contained blocky microtubules and exhibited compact appearance. The inner layer presented a typical periodic lamellar structure. Due to the disappearance of the outer layer, organic multilamellar structure became the foundation and enhanced the connection strength (4.55Mpa) at the connect regions between the saddle and merus exoskeleton and membrane, respectively. Microstructure of the saddle dispersed the stress by the change of the crack deflection direction and the microfibrils ordered arrangement. The exploration of mantis shrimp saddle region is beneficial to understand the striking system and provided the possibility for the stable connection of heterogeneous materials in engineering fields. The microstructure, heterogeneous material connection characteristics and high mechanical strength of saddle provides bionic models for preparation of fiber reinforced resin composites and soft composites.


While there are many ways to define and differentiate the concepts of &dquo;imperialism&dquo; and &dquo;colonialism, &dquo; we will use them to refer to roughly the same phenomena--the economic, political and cultural domination of one cultural-ethnic group by another--with the difference that &dquo;imperialism&dquo; focuses on the relation between the subjugated society and its alien rulers, while &dquo;colonialism&dquo; focuses more on the situation viewed &dquo;from below, &dquo;


moting German Volkstum (p. 11). And although local government has a "claim to existence" only if it can be justified within the "social and political theory" of the movement (p. 3), the author leaves no doubt that "neighborhood" and local organization have, in the course of German history, grown into an "organic part" of German Volkstum (p. 11). These prefatory deliberations may seem somewhat outlandish to American readers; but whoever crosses the threshold will be rewarded by the wealth of reliable information and the clarity and objectivity of the presentation.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of "Geshan Xiaoyao Decoction" plus acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Methods Total 173 subjects were randomized into four groups:group A in which 79 cases were treated with "Geshan Xiaoyao Decoction" plus acupuncture,group B in which 31 cases were treated with bifidobacteria capsule,group C in which 32 cases were treated with "Geshan Xiaoyao Decoction" and group D in which 31 cases were treated with acupuncture,with a course of four weeks. The clinical efficacy and six-month relaspe rate were observed. Results The total effective rate was 88.61% in group A,67.74% in group B,78.13% in group C and 70.97% in group D,with a higher rate in group A than in groups B,C and D(P0.05); the scores of clinical symptoms were all reduced in the four groups(P0.05); the six-month relapse rate was 22.86% in group A,61.11% in group B,55.00% in group C and 63.16% in group D,with a lower rate in group A than in the other three groups(P0.05). Conclusion "Geshan Xiaoyao Decoction" plus acupuncture is quite effective for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome,with low relapse.


LEAD-ANTIMONY ALLOY S. T. Zhang*, F. P. Kong, and R. H. Muller Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA. 94720 Ion implantation in Ph and Pb-4% Sb has been found to improve the opencircuit corrosion resistance of the two metals in 5M H2S04. Titanium ions were implanted under different conditions of ion dose and ion energy. Optimum implantation conditions resulted in an up to 72-fold reduction of corrosion currents. The implantation of V, Cr, Ni, and W has been investigated for one implantation condition and has also resulted in decreased corrosion currents. The corrosion behavior was characterized by the current response to small anodic potential steps. Surface analysis and depth profiles have shown the importance of the spacial distribution of the implanted ions for their effects on the anodic and cathodic parts of the corrosion reactions. · * Present Address: . Department of Applied Chemistry, Chongqing University Sichuan 630044, P.R. China


This study aims to examine the influence of Corporate Governance Mechanism with The Institutional Shareholder, Compesation Structure and also Leverage and Capital Intensity Ratio on Effective Tax Rate. This study is an empirical research with the purposive of sampling techniques in data collection. This study utilizes data from 40 manufacturing companies listed at the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2010 until 2014. The research data is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) and ICMD 2010-2014. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21 for windows. The results of the study showed that corporate governance mechanism with the institutional shareholder and compensation structure had significant positive influences on effective tax rate, meanwhile leverage and capital intensity ratio had no influences on effective tax rate.


Introduction: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) varies widely in India and is associated with high morbidities and mortalities among mothers and infants. Objectives: 1. To find out prevalence of GDM. 2. To study associated risk factors. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. A semistructured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chai square. Results: Out of 506 respondents, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM respondents, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p value was significant with regard to age and BMI. P value was found to be significant for risk factors namely positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus, history of big baby and presence of more than one risk factor. Conclusion: GDM is associated with high BMI, early pregnancy loss, family history of DM and previous history of big baby and there could be more than one risk factor. Thus universal screening followed by close monitoring of the pregnant women for early detection of GDM may help improving maternal and fetal outcomes.


This paper reports on the findings of a beginning History teacher's experiences in the first term of teaching. The study focuses on the beginning History teacher's induction within a high school and History department, and skills transfer to teaching practice from university coursework, in the first term of teaching. Data was gathered using a semi-structured interview by telephone at the beginning and at end of the first term of the school year. The culture of the school and department emerge as powerful factors in determining the kind of identity the teacher develops early in their career.


We have studied the rapidity-odd directed flow in $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions in the beam energy range from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 to 39 GeV within the framework of an extended multiphase transport model with both partonic and hadronic mean-field potentials incorporated. Effects of the partonic scatterings, mean-field potentials, hadronization, and hadronic evolution on the directed flow are investigated, and it is found that the final directed flow is mostly sensitive to the partonic scatterings and the hadronization mechanism. Our study shows that a negative slope of the proton directed flow does not necessarily need the equation of state with a first-order phase transition.


This thesis is an investigation into the Ethiopian Civil Society, with a focus on Muslims'participation and activities. This research is the result of a series of interviews carried on in AddisAbab ...


The morphological features of submarine canyons significantly modify the amplitude, duration and frequency content of free-field seismic ground motions. This paper examines the influence of these m...


The steady influx of English Language Learners (ELLs) into today's public school system has led to a myriad of issues concerning bilingual students' academic performance. Investigating academic performance disparities should examine the reasons why some bilingual students, who are academically successful while they are in a bilingual program, do not perform as well after transitioning into all-English instructional settings when the majority of their peers do. Two research questions addressed the following: (1) determining reasons why students perform well academically while enrolled in bilingual programs but experience performance dips after transitioning into an all-English classroom, and (2) how elementary bilingual and/or ESL teachers' practices, attitudes, knowledge and beliefs regarding English Language Learners relate to their students' later success in all-English settings. Data were collected through a mix-methods approach. Quantitative data were obtained through a 43-item Likert-scale survey instrument previously developed and validated, supplemented with qualitative, structured, open-ended interviews. The research questions were analyzed using statistical analyses of the survey data using SPSS 17.00 software and qualitative data analysis of the focus groups. Data analysis for survey items was conducted using three separate t-tests to examine differences between two groups of


A simple route to synthesize mesoporous ZnO nanoparticle was proposed using polystyrene microemulsion system composed of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) /styrene(ST)/zinc nitrate/ammonium persulfate(AP).The effect of calcining temperature on the structures characteristic of the synthesized mesoporous ZnO was investigated,and the possible mechanism of pore formation was proposed.The results showed that as the calcining temperature is higher,the pore of the as-prepared ZnO is bigger,and the specific surface area is smaller.The specific surface area,pore volume and pore size distribution of the synthesized mesoporous zinc oxide calcined at 500 ℃ are 11.013 m2/g,0.135 cm3/g and 40.2 nm,respectively.Moreover,the photodegradation of methylene blue was carried out using mesoporous zinc oxide as photocatalyst,and all the synthesized mesoporous zinc oxide exhibited high photocatalytic activity.


Objective: To test the hypothesis that repeat IVF cycles (after a cycle with failed implantation of good quality embryos) are more likely to be successful following saline hysteroscopy as compared to CO2 hysteroscopy, even in the absence of evident intrauterine pathology Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: El-Doaa Hospital IVF Centre and Haya IVF Centre, Cairo, Egypt Subjects and Methods: 172 patients with prior history of failed IVF cycle(s) after transfer of good quality embryos, were randomized to have either saline hysteroscopy (group 1) or CO2 hysteroscopy (group 2) before commencing a new IVF cycle Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy and live birth rates after the IVF cycle that followed diagnostic hysteroscopy Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of chemical pregnancy in favour of the saline hysteroscopy group (group 1) as compared to the CO2 hysteroscopy group (group 2) (33 / 77 vs. 23 / 77, p = 0.013), as well as in clinical pregnancies diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography (30 / 77 vs. 21 / 77, p = 0.021). The incidence of twin and triplet pregnancy was also higher in group 1 (6 sets of twins and 2 sets of triplets in group 1, vs. 4 sets of twins and 1 set of triplets in group 2). Summing up these figures, it was found that 39 babies were born for group 1 patients out of 175 embryos transferred, compared to 25 babies out of 177 embryos transferred to group 2 patients (p = 0.002), which was highly statistically significant. Conclusion: We recommend the use of saline hysteroscopy rather than CO2 hysteroscopy to investigate the endometrial cavities of patients with implantation failure. Besides its diagnostic value that has already been established, it probably has a therapeutic value as well.


Based on the teaching contents and the teaching request of MIS and EC management course,this article analyzes the basic contents of the implementation of M3RTP system and the disposal of order flow,plan flow,logistics flow and funds flow.And it puts forward that the four types of information flows can be the connection between the theory course and the practice course.With an experimental system,the two courses' theory and experiment teaching will be an integrated system.


Air contamination is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gasses, fluids, and particulate matter. Epidemiological studies have exhibited a steady expanded danger for cardiovascular occasions in connection to both short- and long haul introduction to present-day centralizations of surrounding particulate matter.


Earliest reference to futures in India can be found in Kautilya's Arthashastra, although, organised commodity trading began with the establishment of Cotton Trade Association in 1875. Phenomenal growth in volume and value of trade was achieved after the establishment of national and regional commodity exchanges post 2003. For the present study, compound growth rate was employed to analyse the growth in futures trading. The results indicated a significant positive growth in trade quantity and value of wheat, maize, barley, mustard, cotton seed oil cake, cumin, pepper, chilli and kapas during 2009-10. Most of the selected commodities showed a positive growth in their trade volume and value right from the date of inception of trading. Instability indices were also worked out to know the variations in trade. The results showed that instability was higher for the whole period compared to 2009-10 with the exception of pepper and sugar. The study concludes that futures trading exhibited significant positive growth coupled with high instability.


Objective: The purposes of this study were to analyze the problems and to suggest the methods for improvement of the current Disability Grading Guide (hereinafter called CDGG) for the disabled after stroke when compared with the previous Disability Grading Guide (hereinafter called PDGG). Method: Thirty-five registered disabled persons after stroke were evaluated by two physiatrists to assess the grades of disability according to CDGG and PDGG, which were in use. The evaluations of disabled persons for the grading were done by the physiatrists through house-visit and at the hospital according to CDGG (hereinafter called CDGG-visit and CDGG-OPD) and PDGG (hereinafter called PDGG-grade). These re-evaluated disability grades were compared with the initial disability grades recorded in their disability registries. Results: There was a low level of agreement between the registered grade and the re-evaluated grades; however, there has shown a high level of agreement amongst the re-evaluated grades. The degree in the registered grade was evaluated upward compared to the degree in other reevaluated grades. Conclusion: The difference degree between CDGG and PDGG of established was insignificant; however, a new candidate who wants to be evaluated using CDGG has possibilities of facing unfairness when compared to the disabled people with relatively higher registered degrees.


first of the computerized societies. We are encouraged to believe that progress in our time is greater than has taken place in all past periods. Yet if we look closely at our society, we discover that real progress has been measured mostly in engineering and scientific research. If there has been any measurable progress occurring in human engineering and planning, it is difficulty to ascertain from available data.


Fine reservoir description is an important prerequisite to ensure the scientific and efficient development of oilfields. Reservoir numerical simulation is an important tool for efficient development. The accuracy of reservoir description determines the reliability of numerical simulation results. After long-term water injection development, the physical properties of the reservoir have undergone great changes. How to identify the time-dependent law of reservoir physical properties and finely characterize them during numerical simulation has been the focus and research difficulty in this field in recent years. This paper combines the results of previous studies on the changes of reservoir physical properties in the later stage of water drive development in Area A with numerical simulation methods. Predecessors realized time-dependent numerical simulation methods include staged numerical simulation and self-developed numerical simulation programs. Although the above two types of methods can achieve the purpose of realizing time-dependent numerical simulation, they all have certain defects. The segmented simulation method requires multiple modeling, heavy workload, multiple manual operations, and poor continuity and non-directional calculation results. Although the self-developed numerical simulation program calculation results can have better continuity and directionality, but this requires a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out the research. The research and development cost is high, the cycle is long, and the simulation accuracy and speed are difficult to reach the level of commercial numerical simulation software in the short term. Based on the above analysis, this paper has developed a simulation program TD-SIM (Time Dependent Simulation) that combines the commercial numerical simulation software ECLIPSE and can realize the time-dependent function of the reservoir permeability field. This program has convenient use and low cost. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account faster simulation speed, higher simulation accuracy, and better continuity and directionality of the simulation results.


Large scale corporations are reality and determining factor behind the globalized world. Taking undue advantage of corporate veil created by statutory provisions, individuals operating behind this veil often commit crimes. Keeping this in mind, the judiciary around the world has determined the grounds and rules for criminal liability of Corporations. This research article is an attempt to analyse judicial trend in USA, UK and India with respect to the criminal liability of corporations.


Since ABET accreditation requires comprehensive program evaluation with outcomes assessment, many faculty view assessment as solely for accreditation. Common problems such as poor faculty participation, non-sustainable efforts, and overly cumbersome processes have been reported even for " abet successes". Assessment can yield substantial benefits but only if the process is specifically structured to minimize problems and maximize benefits. The overriding goal, namely improvements in student learning as defined by program outcomes, is well known. However there are two critical faculty needs that are often overlooked. Faculty need to have the time to implement the assessment activities and they must believe the results. We feel this places conditions on the process such that the assessment activities must be the same as those used to determine course grades and the faculty must define both what and how to measure.


We present a new source of terminology for transnational data exchange in oncology, emphasizing the integration of both clinical and molecular data. In order to achieve best results in semantic interoperability, the ACGT project provides an ontology on cancer research and management. Besides examining pre-existing sources of terminology, were view methods of ontology development, and present best practices to be employed in the development of the ACGT Master Ontology. The clinical trial management system that is currently developed within ACGT constitutes a central use of the ontology at this point.


THE appearance of Prof. C. T. R. Wilson's name in the list of Nobel prize winners for 1927 will be received with acclam t n by physicists throughOut the world. The polised perfection of his experimental work and the subtle ingenuity of his methods have long bee he admiration and the despair of workers in the same or in cognate fields. Prof. Wilson is, perhaps, best known for his experiments on the tracks of ionising particles in gases, work which has occupied him, at intervals, from the time when he joined the first group of research students under Sir J. J. Thomson, some thirty years ago. His discovery that gaseous ions would serve as nuclei for the deposition of water drops was the basis of the first methods of measuring the charge on an electron. With definite patience and resource, the technique of these early experiments has been gradually perfected, until now it is possible to make visible, and to photograph, the actual tracks of ionising particles, to count their number, and to watch every twist and turn ir their paths. The power of rendering visible, at will,the actual paths of particles which, themselves, must remain for ever invisible is a weapon of no small value in investigating the behaviour of these particles, and Prof. Wilson's apparatus is being employed more and more in our great research laboratories, almost always with striking and important success. Prof. Wilson, however, is not known only by his work on 'tracks.' He is one of our foremost experts on atmospheric electricity; and it would be both unfair and ungrateful not to recall in conclusion his 'tilted' electroscope, a measuring device which made possible much of the early work on ionisation in gases.


Liquid motion in fusion welding plays the important role in the heat and mass transfer as well as stability of bead formation. In an arc weld pool, many works have been intensively conducted experimentally and theoretically. In a keyhole laser welding, however, there is few comprehensive study on the metal flow and its related phenomena in weld pool. In the present work, liquid motion in the laser weld pool was directly observed by the high-speed optical and X-ray transmission methods using tracing particles put in the pool. Slag motion on the pool surface revealed that there was a quick stream flowing around the side of keyhole and it changed the direction to forward at the rear part of weld pool. Namely, there was a big circulation of flow in the rear part of pool surface. Liquid flow inside the pool was observed by tracing the X-ray transmission images of Tungsten particles that were initially sandwiched between two thin sheets. The flow pattern inside the pool was very complex and there observed a strong eddy just behind the keyhole. The flow speed inside the pool was 0.3 to 0.5 m/s and this fast stream hindered the bubbles of metallic vapor and shielding gas to float up by buoyancy force and resulted in the formation of characteristic porosity.Liquid motion in fusion welding plays the important role in the heat and mass transfer as well as stability of bead formation. In an arc weld pool, many works have been intensively conducted experimentally and theoretically. In a keyhole laser welding, however, there is few comprehensive study on the metal flow and its related phenomena in weld pool. In the present work, liquid motion in the laser weld pool was directly observed by the high-speed optical and X-ray transmission methods using tracing particles put in the pool. Slag motion on the pool surface revealed that there was a quick stream flowing around the side of keyhole and it changed the direction to forward at the rear part of weld pool. Namely, there was a big circulation of flow in the rear part of pool surface. Liquid flow inside the pool was observed by tracing the X-ray transmission images of Tungsten particles that were initially sandwiched between two thin sheets. The flow pattern inside the pool was very complex and there observed a str...


The purpose of this study is to examine the achievement of problem solving abilities of junior high school students using contextual and teaching leaning learning. The study population included all seventh grade students of SMP in West Bandung Regency. From the population that was taken randomly, namely class VII I amounted to 44 students using a leaning contextual and teaching approach and class VII J amounted to 44 students with classes using conventional learning. The data collection used is a test question in the form of a test of problem solving ability totaling five questions with indicators (1) understanding the problem (2) planning completion (3) completion according to plan (4) checking again. To test the effectiveness of learning by using a leaning contextual and teaching approach and conventional tests used inality tests. To compare the average achievement of contextual learning and leaning teaching and conventional learning the data were analyzed using the two sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that the overall achievement of problem-solving skills is seen that there are differences using contextual learning and leaning teaching rather than conventional  learning.


The present invention relates to contain a hindered amine compound and a mixture of a stabilizer polymer containing polar residues, wherein the component (A): Weight (B) ratio of 1:20 to 20:1; premise It is (1) component (B) is different from, and component (B) does not contain a formula (I) or (II) a group of component (a), wherein G is hydrogen or methyl, and G 1 and G 2 are each independently hydrogen, methyl or together are a substituent = O; and (2) component (B) is different from a polymer having an acidic hydrogen atom.


Environmental sensing encompasses a broad range of systems (surface waters, groundwater, atmospheric, etc...) and spatially distributed attributes (microbial, chemical, physical) that describe the system and its perturbations in response to human interference (industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, etc...). Microbiological pollution represents one of the most widespread impairments of potable and recreational waters, yet the sampling design for public health protection exhibits significant uncertainties due to sample selection constraints, and the delay in obtaining analytical results for effective decision-making. With the advances in wireless sensor technology, networks have the promise to provide useful spatiotemporal representation of environmental signals that cover large geographical areas. As State and Federal agencies have started to invest in these systems, there is a need to design network optimization strategies that explicitly incorporate sensor characteristics, microbiological criteria and economic constraints in the decisions. To enable adoption of these technologies, we need to ensure that the value proposition of environmental sensing cyberinfrastructure is defined not only from a technical perspective (i.e. What technical problems are we trying to solve?), but also from a market-based perspective (i.e. What are the business fundamentals that will allow these technologies to come to the market?). These concepts capitalize on on-going early stage data collection efforts by the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) in Lake Erie (wireless sensor hubs to analyze causes and forecasting of hypoxia), the Macomb County Health Department in Lake St. Clair (wireless chemical, and off-line microbial analysis at water intakes), the Great Lakes Commission (GLC) managed Great Lakes Observatory System (GLOS), the NSF-supported WATer and Environmental Research Systems Network (WATERS Network; http://www.watersnet.org/), and the Macomb County Public Health Department which manages the Lake St. Clair Regional Monitoring Project (http://www.lakestclairdata.net/). Leveraging each of these, currently separate, efforts towards deploying a data-driven sensing network for risk forecasting and communication in the Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor will allow the University of Michigan and its private and government partners to position itself to establish a cyberinfrastructure testbed in the Great Lakes region under the NSF Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC) program. Funded by congressional appropriation in 2011, this program releases funding to provide unique capabilities at the frontiers of science and engineering. Several authors of this white paper (Finholt, DePinto), and the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP; Adriaens, Vice President; Love, Board Member) have been involved over for the last few years in defining the science, education, and cyberinfrastructure needs of the WATERS Network. This paper illustrates technical advances and market-based strategies in cyberinfrastructure (hardware, software, data integration and visualization) as applied to address microbial sensing needs. The overarching goal of the white paper is to develop a framework to establish a microbial and chemical risk forecasting cyberinfrastructure network along the Lake Huron-Lake Erie corridor.


Digital pathology is a new technology and industry. Official agencies, including the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), the College of American Pathologists (CAP), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provide little guidance, and manufacturers still have to learn what it means to provide instruments to a clinical laboratory.

With digital pathology now entering clinical laboratories, it is crucial for physicians and laboratory professionals to understand the regulatory requirements and how to best implement them in their clinical laboratories. The goal of this article is to provide those professionals with a comprehensive regulatory overview and a reference framework for their future work in digital pathology.

This article presents the different regulatory requirements separately—first for clinical laboratories and then for medical device manufacturers.

* CLIA
 : Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
 CAP
 : College of American Pathologists
 FDA
 : Food and Drug Administration
 CMS
 : Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
 ATA
 : American Telemedicine Association
 GEN
 : Laboratory General
 ANP
 : Anatomic Pathology
 FISH
 : fluorescence in situ hybridization
 PACS
 : Picture Archive and Communications Systems
 LIS
 : Laboratory Information System
 IHC
 : immunohistochemistry
 ASCO
 : American Society of Clinical Oncology
 HER2
 : human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
 ER
 : estrogen receptor
 PR
 : progesterone receptor
 WSI
 : whole slide imaging
 PMA
 : premarket approval


This paper examines the effects of public news releases on the market liquidity in one of the most important OTC derivatives markets — the CDS market. We document that, at the time of news releases, the bid-ask spread is wider, the number of quotes is larger, and the number of dealers is greater. Earnings announcements have particularly strong effects on liquidity while news related to credit ratings has no significant effects. Moreover, the bid-ask spread only increases on news release days and reverts to normal levels several days after news releases. Finally, the effect of news on liquidity is stronger for negative, fundamental, and unscheduled news, and is more pronounced among firms with higher information asymmetry. Our findings are consistent with models of rational trade in Kim and Verrecchia (1994).


A method for thermal jet shape measurement of microfluidic heated gas jets by scanning with a miniature thermocouple is presented. The spatial resolution is determined by the size and shape of the thermocouple, and better than 100 µm resolution is easily available. The method is demonstrated by measuring the temperature distributions of heated gas jets of microfluidic heated nebulizer chips. Micronozzles fabricated with different technologies are shown to produce clearly distinguishable gas jets. A computer simulation is used to study the dependence of temperature and velocity distributions.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently numerous reports have been published describing the alarming rise in the prevalence of T2DM in children and adolescents in both developed and developing countries (1,2). The increase in prevalence of T2DM parallels the increase in the prevalence of obesity (3) in this age group, and they are appropriately called the "twin epidemics." The pathophysiology underlying the development of T2DM is multifactorial and the relative roles and sequence of development of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic glucose output are not clear (4,5). Until recently, little was known regarding the significance and temporal development of defects in the above mentioned factors early in the course of altered glucose metabolism in obese children. Moreover, the roles of discrete lipid depots in the development of altered glucose metabolism in childhood have not been defined. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a reversible prediabetic condition. In adults, the progression rate of IGT to diabetes is estimated at 5–8% per year (6), yet little is known about the natural history of IGT in children. With lifestyle modifications and/or pharmacotherapy, the progression of IGT to diabetes in adults can be halted or completely prevented (7–9), making this condition highly attractive for early diagnosis and intervention. The early development of T2DM in childhood makes the investigation of IGT even more important, as the "window of opportunity" for intervention may be narrower in this age group. This review focuses on the intricate interrelations of specific obesity phenotypes and glucose metabolism in obese youth.


Biliary tract disorders are ubiquitous in clinical practices,including inflammation,calculus,neoplasms,motility disorders and autoimmune diseases of biliary tract.These disorders are complex and associated with significant morbidity and mortality.The diagnosis and treatment of the biliary tract disease are improved by the application and advances of the detection technology,device development and research methods.But issues still exist currently,which will be resolved by the collaboration of multidisciplines.


In the early 1970s Prof. Lilly Kahil organized a series of international meetings of scholars to plan a pictorial counter part to Roscher's Mythologisches Lexikon (1884-1937). The Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC) com prises thirty-five countries, as well as scholars from other nations. Each country catalogs classical (800 B.C.-A.D. 400) objects with mythological subjects in its public and private collections, and sends that information to the Central Edi torial Office in Basel, Switzerland. Volumes 1-3 have already appeared, and Volume 4 will be published in 1988. In the process of documenting national holdings, archives have been built that have become important in their own right. The U. S. Center of the LIMC (US LIMC) has developed a system for computerizing the subjects represented that is particularly signficiant, because it does not limit itself to just titles of scenes, but analyzes the components, the figures and their attributes, that make up the representations.1 It uses an IBM PC-AT with the database program Revelation, by Cos mos, biblically rather than classically named. Revelation stores in straight ASCII code, and has routines to import and export data. All fields are variable in length, with up to 65,000 characters per record. The number of rec ords per file is limited by storage alone. Other features that have proved essential are the multi-valued or repeating fields; the capability of changing any or all information that defines the fields within a file without having to reload data; calculated or symbolic fields to do computation and a wide variety of tasks, such as automatic dating of records or underlining in printouts; and, finally, the possibility of an easy translation, in the conventional sense, into foreign lan guages. Despite all these wonderful capabilities, it cannot pass unremarked that Revelation's documentation is simply horrendous. Although the US LIMC has just 7,000 catalog cards and only 4,500 have been entered as of September 1987, the database contains over 55,000 records. Half of this explosion in numbers is in the three Core files into which the informa tion on the catalog card is distributed?that is, Objects have Scenes which have Figures (Figures 1-3). The "manual" cat alog card has two types of information: fill-in-the-blank and full-text description of the scenes. The fill-in-the-blank data, such as culture, material, and technique, convert quite easily to a computerized system, since both the computer form and the card work in the same manner with one significant ex ception. Each bit of information on the card must be reduced to its least common denominator or most irreducible form, which is then allocated its own special slot or field in the computer record. Thus "object" now comprises three fields: object ("Vase"), its type ("Amphora"), and its subtype ("Panel"). More difficult and far more troublesome than these simple fields is the computerization of the description of the figured scenes. Entering the straight text of the description is not sufficient. Obvious problems are indefinite antecedents and sentences where similarly portrayed figures are united in the narrative, though visually separated. Accordingly, an abstrac tion of the essential information has been made, and entered separately. Four repeating fields are linked together so that each figure and element, including foliage and objects in the field, can be separately listed with their types, dress, and attributes recorded, when appropriate (Figure 3). Because 25,000 records in the Core files, even in a com puterized system, are a considerable number with which to work, all the other records in the twenty-six additional files serve to ease data entry and retrieval (Figure 4). How did this situation arise? In the beginning there were only the Core files. In some ways life was simple; there were only three FIGURE 1: OBJECTS RECORD


dose of 1 mg/kg, make this an effective approach when RSI is desired and succinylcholine use is ill advised. I would warn the clinician that the original study by this group using that dose, found that at the completion of cesarean section 56% of women had no post tetanic facilitation and 84% had no train of 4.3 When choosing this dose of rocuronium for RSI, one can expect a postoperative wait for the drug effects to abate.