The study sought to assess the haematological and biochemical alteration in Clarias gariepinus as environmental contamination biomarkers in rivers Benue and Donga. water samples were taken for physiochemical examination while fish blood was obtained for haematological and biochemical analysis using a Haemacytometer. When compared to the reference standard there was a substantial (P>0.05) difference in the RBC of the C. gariepinus in both rivers, but no difference in the WBC, HB, PCV, MCV and MCHC. However, there were no statistically significant (P0.05) difference in the ALT, ALP, AST and glucose levels of C. gariepinus in either river. The ALT, ALP and glucose levels of C. gariepinus in both rivers differed from the reference standard. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate levels were higher in Benue river than in the Donga River, but ammonia levels were higher in the Donga river. As a result of these finding, it is possible that Benue river is more polluted than the Donga river, and the C. gariepinus in Donga river is healthier than those in the Benue river. Hence, adequate water management and pollution control should be implemented to halt the flow of the Benue river.


In this paper we introduce the concepts of higher equivariant and invariant topological complexity; and study their properties. Then we compare them with equivariant LS-category. We give lower and upper bounds for these new invariants. We compute some of these invariants for moment angle complexes.


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Disclosed are a method for controlling power and an apparatus therefor in a wireless communication system supporting device-to-device (D2D) communication. Specifically, a method for a terminal for controlling the transmission power of a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) in a wireless communication system supporting D2D communication comprises the steps of: calculating the sum of reception strengths of the total number of PSDCHs received from a set PSDCH reception period; and transmitting the PSDCH, wherein if the sum of reception strengths of the total number of PSDCHs is greater than a previously set threshold value, then the PSDCH to be transmitted is transmitted under the transmission power controlled by the terminal, and if the sum of reception strengths of the total number of PSDCHs is less than a previously set threshold value, then the PSDCH to be transmitted can be transmitted under the maximum transmission power.


ABSTRACT In this paper we reflect upon inner silence as a path to embrace eudemonia in relation to Dialogical Self Theory. We suggest that the awareness of the dynamics of different I-positions can empower the person to feel more freedom over their thoughts, feelings and actions. Thus, inner silence can promote the capacity to activate meta-positions or de-positioning, which are shifts of attentional foci in the stream of consciousness. The practice of inner silence can also promote the experience of genuine dialogues, by encouraging the flow and flexibility of the self, and by strengthening the connection with the experience of values. We also suggest a number of implications for counselling associated with self-exploration and self-transcendence, such as meditation, contemplation and prayer.


Thanks to improved treatment strategies, disease remission in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients has become more common. Therefore, current guidelines recommend to consider tapering DMARDs, including methotrexate(MTX), in patients who are in sustained remission. Previous research has shown that subcutaneous methotrexate(MTXsc) has a better bioavailability, efficacy and tolerability in active RA than oral MTX[1]. However, these advantages might be a disadvantage when tapering of MTXsc is considered.To compare the 1-year cumulative flare rates between established RA patients who taper subcutaneous and oral MTX.Data from the TApering strategies in Rheumatoid Arthritis(TARA) trial were used[2]. In this trial, established RA patients with a well-controlled disease, defined as Disease Activity Score(DAS)≤2.4 and swollen joint count(SJC)≤1, using ≥1 csDMARD and TNF-inhibitor(TNFi) were included. Participants were randomized into two groups which gradually tapered their csDMARD first followed by the TNFi, or vice versa. The csDMARD was tapered by reducing the dosage by a half at baseline, by a quarter at 3 months and was stopped at 6 months. Patients who tapered MTX were included in this analysis. If a disease flare(DAS>2.4 or SJC>1) occurred, the last effective therapy was restarted and intensified every 3 months, until DAS≤2.4 and SJC≤1.Following an intention-to-treat principle, flare rates were compared between patients who tapered subcutaneous and oral MTX, using a chi-square test. Two sensitivity analyses were performed were we 1) only included patients with a complete follow-up; and 2) assumed that patients developed a flare at the moment of drop-out.A total of 71 and 17 patients respectively used oral and subcutaneous MTX. The median disease duration was 5.9 years and 70% was female. The median MTX dosage for both administration routes was 20 milligrams per week.After 12 months, 53% of patients who tapered MTXsc developed a flare compared to 27% who tapered oral MTX (OR 3.1(1.0-9.1, 95%CI), p=0.037)(Figure 1). Respectively 68% and 67% of the patients who developed a flare and were using oral and subcutaneous MTX had a well-controlled disease 3 months after restarting their treatment(p=0.93). Both sensitivity analyses showed similar results.Figure 1.Flare development and resolution over time for different administration routes of methotrexate.The first part on the X-axis illustrates the cumulative % of patients that develop a disease flare during follow up, the second part illustrates the cumulative % of patients that still has active disease (DAS>2.4 +/ SJC44>1) from point of flare development and after restarting the last effective treatment.Abbreviations: DAS, Disease Activity Score; MTX, methotrexate; SJC44, swollen joint count measured in 44 joints.Patients who tapered MTXsc have a higher chance at developing a disease flare compared to those who tapered oral MTX. This could be explained by a higher efficacy of MTXsc when similar dosages are used[1]. Alternatively, the better tolerability of MTXsc, especially regarding gastro-intestinal side effects[1], may lead to a difference in adherence.When deciding to taper MTX, the administration route should be taken into account. Because of the increased risk of flare after tapering MTXsc, these patients could be monitored more closely than those tapering oral MTX.[1]Li D, Yang Z, Kang P, Xie X. Subcutaneous administration of methotrexate at high doses makes a better performance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis compared with oral administration of methotrexate: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Jun; 45(6):656-662.[2]van Mulligen E, de Jong PHP, Kuijper TM, van der Ven M, Appels C, Bijkerk C, et al. Gradual tapering TNF inhibitors versus conventional synthetic DMARDs after achieving controlled disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: first-year results of the randomised controlled TARA study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Jun; 78(6):746-753.None declared


After China's accession to the WTO,the competitiveness of domestic funded auto manufacturing has been weakening,while the competitiveness of foreign funded auto manufacturing has been sharpening up.The foreign funded auto enterprises gradually dominated the auto manufacturing market in China.Scale competitiveness played a vital role in the change of comprehensive competitiveness in auto manufacturing,while efficiency competitiveness played an insignificant role.Some suggestions are put forward to improve scale competitiveness and efficiency competitiveness of domestic funded auto manufacturing industry.


We compared the distribution of adult trees and relatively stable soil properties as part of a study of feedbacks between canopy tree species and soils. In southern New England, soils under Fraxinus americanaL. (FRAM) and Acer rubrum L. (ACRU) had high contents of total CaO and MgO. Under Quercus rubra L. (QURU) and Fagus grandifoliaEhrh. (FAGR), contents of CaO and MgO were low. Sites with Acer saccharumMarsh. (ACSA) and Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carr. (TSCA) varied across a wide range of total CaO and MgO. However, below 0.8% CaO, ACSA was absent and FAGR, QURU, and TSCA were dominant. From 0.8 to 1.5% CaO, ACSA and FRAM increased with increasing CaO content, while the frequency of other species declined. Above 1.5% CaO, there was no relationship between CaO content and ACSA and FRAM abundance, but FAGR and QURU were largely absent. Canopy tree species also varied significantly with texture, which we attribute to the higher Ca and Mg contents of the more sandy soils, rather than to soil physical effects. Correlations between Ca availability and forest composition are well known for calcareous versus noncalcareous soils. Apparently, much subtler variations in supply of mineral nutrients also alter competitive interactions and impose patterning on the distribution of canopy trees within stands. Resume : La distribution d'arbres adultes et les proprietes relativement stables du sol on ete comparees au cours d'une etude des reactions reciproques entre les especes d'arbres de la voute et les sols. Dans le Sud de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, les sols sous Fraxinus americanaL. (FRAM) et Acer rubrum L. (ACRU) contenaient un fort taux de CaO et de MgO total. Sous Quercus rubra L. (QURU) et Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (FAGR), le contenu en CaO et en MgO etait par contre bas. Les sites avec Acer saccharumMarsh. (ACSA) et Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carr. (TSCA) presentaient une grande variation du CaO et


Abstract Textual data gained relevance as a novel source of information for applied economic research. When considering longer periods or international comparisons, often different text corpora have to be used and combined for the analysis. A methods pipeline is presented for identifying topics in different corpora, matching these topics across corpora and comparing the resulting time series of topic importance. The relative importance of topics over time in a text corpus is used as an additional indicator in econometric models and for forecasting as well as for identifying changing foci of economic studies. The methods pipeline is illustrated using scientific publications from Poland and Germany in English and German for the period 1984–2020. As methodological contributions, a novel tool for data based model selection, sBIC, is impelemented, and approaches for mapping of topics of different corpora (including different languages) are presented.


The CCA end is common to all tRNAs as the universal site for amino acid attachment+ It is also conserved in the 39-terminal tRNA-like structure of viral genomes that can be aminoacylated by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (Florentz & Giege, 1995)+ During aminoacylation, the CCA end enters the catalytic center of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and provides the site for chemistry to take place+ The CCA end is also widely used in replication of retroviruses, the bacterial singlestranded RNA viruses, and duplex DNA plasmids of fungal mitochondria+ During replication, the CCA end interacts with the template-specificity domain of reverse transcriptase or replicase and provides the initiation site for primer binding and extension (Maizels & Weiner, 1994)+ The importance of the CCA end in translation and in replication suggests that its conformation will play a role in these two fundamental processes+ Previous studies indicate that the N73 nucleotide and aC 1 :A72 mismatch have the ability to manipulate the conformation of the CCA end+ An NMR analysis of tRNA acceptor stems (Puglisi et al+, 1994) showed that the CCA end preceded by an A73 nucleotide has an extended conformation, whereas that preceded by a U73 has a fold-back structure+ The fold-back structure of the CCA end brings the terminal A76 adjacent to the 59 side of the acceptor stem and may be stabilized by a weak hydrogen bond between A76 and U73+ The folded CCA end is also found in the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli initiator tRNA fMet which, despite having an A73, carries an unusual C1:A72 mismatch that is thought to contribute to the fold-back of the CCA end (Schevitz et al+, 1979; Woo et al+, 1980; Ferguson & Yang, 1986; Pscheidt & Wells, 1986)+ In tRNA fMet ,


Introduction: Capacity-building programs are vital for healthcare workforce development in lowand middle-income countries. In addition to increasing human capital, participation in such programs may lead to new professional networks and access to social capital. Although network development and social capital generation were not explicit program goals, we took advantage of a natural experiment and studied the social networks that developed in the first year of an executive-education Master of Hospital and Healthcare Administration (MHA) program in Jimma, Ethiopia. Case description: We conducted a sociometric network analysis, which included all program participants and supporters (formally affiliated educators and mentors). We studied two networks: the Trainee Network (all 25 trainees) and the Trainee-Supporter Network (25 trainees and 38 supporters). The independent variable of interest was outdegree, the number of program-related connections reported by each respondent. We assessed social capital exchange in terms of resource exchange, both informational and functional. Contingency table analysis for relational data was used to evaluate the relationship between out-degree and informational and functional exchange. Discussion and evaluation: Both networks demonstrated growth and inclusion of most or all network members. In the Trainee Network, those with the highest level of out-degree had the highest reports of informational exchange, χ2 (1, N = 23) = 123.61, p < 0.01. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between out-degree and functional exchange in this network, χ2(1, N = 23) = 26.11, p > 0.05. In the Trainee-Supporter Network, trainees with the highest level of out-degree had the highest reports of informational exchange, χ2 (1, N = 23) = 74.93, p < 0.05. The same pattern held for functional exchange, χ2 (1, N = 23) = 81.31, p < 0.01. Conclusions: We found substantial and productive development of social networks in the first year of a healthcare management capacity-building program. Environmental constraints, such as limited access to information and communication technologies, or challenges with transportation and logistics, may limit the ability of some participants to engage in the networks fully. This work suggests that intentional social network development may be an important opportunity for capacity-building programs as healthcare systems improve their ability to manage resources and tackle emerging problems. Introduction The global health agenda is increasingly focused on strengthening health systems to improve population-level health outcomes in lowand middle-income countries [1]. One component of this strategy focuses on the development of sufficient workforce capacity, a target area that has been somewhat resistant to intervention thus far [2,3]. The chronic shortage of skilled leadership in the healthcare sectors of lowand middle-income countries greatly hinders the improvement of facilities and systems and the ability to provide needed services [2,4-6]. Successful management and leadership training programs have improved process-related outcomes (such as planning and coordination, delivery of services, and resource management) in a range of countries, including The Gambia, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua [7-9]. Such capacity-building programs typically target human capital, or increased value of a professional from acquiring knowledge, skills, and other assets that may benefit an employer or system. Another benefit of these programs, which is seldom evaluated, may be the development of social capi* Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., LW 703, Boston, MA 02115 USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Ramanadhan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ramanadhan et al. Human Resources for Health 2010, 8:17 http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/8/1/17 Page 2 of 11 tal, or resources that exist in a social structure and can be retrieved and utilized to meet specific goals [10]. Taking a broad view of potential benefits is consistent with current perspectives on capacity-building, which focus on processes that assist individuals, organizations, and societies in efforts to manage, develop, and utilize the resources at their disposal to solve problems [3,11], here those related to healthcare. This view represents an intentional shift away from programs focused on technical assistance and knowledge transfer towards an endogenous process, owned and driven by those who will ultimately benefit from and sustain changes in their systems [3]. Capacity-building program participants (and the organizations for which they work) can benefit from increased social capital as participants are able to utilize relationships to increase their effectiveness and performance [10,12,13]. In this way, participants can leverage relationships to improve communication and collaboration across and within organizations to reach a common goal [14,15]. Such benefits are particularly important in low-resource settings as organizations are expected to turn to external sources to find needed resources [16]. A network perspective on social capital Although there are a wide range of conceptualizations of social capital [17], we take a network perspective, which holds that the extent to which an individual can realize the benefits of social capital is a function of that individual's position in a given social network [10,18]. This drives our focus on: a) the resources that can be accessed by network members (either directly or through contacts), and b) the structure of relationships or linkages in a network of interest [10]. In a professional network, key benefits of increased social capital among colleagues include increased exchange of information and resources [17,19]. For example, sharing of appropriate and timely information allows individuals to make strategic adjustments to reach their goals [10,20]. Additionally, participants can access novel information by developing relationships with individuals who are dissimilar in terms of experience and professional contacts [21]. By learning in the context of social relationships, network members can come together to identify pressing problems, make sense of complex changes in the environment, and develop innovative solutions [22,23]. Provision of tangible support or material resources from one network member to another also improves network members' performance [24]. By tapping into relationships, network members can gain access to contacts' resources, and perhaps more importantly, to the resources held by the organization(s) represented by those contacts [25]. The challenge is to balance efficiency (knowing others who have contacts and resources that are very different than one's own) and effectiveness (development of a strong set of key contacts) [18]. Social network analysis provides the necessary tools for our analysis as the methodology allows for the assessment of structures in social relationships, as well as the resources exchanged through those relationships [26]. Additionally, given that successful capacity-building relies on changes at the individual, organizational, and system levels [27], the ability to assess relationships and resource flow at multiple levels allows for a holistic assessment. For example, a network in which all members are connected prompts members to develop trust and a sense of obligation towards each other and encourages the generation of social capital [28]. At the same time, at the individual level, connections to other network members are expected to provide new access to resources for program participants. If a capacity-building program results in network structures that support resource exchange, network-based social capital can have an impact on the ultimate goal of management training programs: the improvement of trainee performance. Despite the number of programs focused on building healthcare worker capacity [2,7-9] and the understanding that increased collaboration and partnerships are important outcomes of capacity-building efforts [29], we are not aware of previous studies examining how such programs may affect the structure and functioning of resulting social networks. Examining this potential impact is important to our understanding of the full impact of capacity-building programs in health. Using survey data from hospital executives participating in an executiveeducation program in Ethiopia [30], we conducted a social network analysis to examine the growth of the network and the social capital generated by the network (in the form of resource exchange) during the first year of the program. Social network development and social capital generation were not explicit goals of the training program, but we were able to take advantage of this natural experiment to test exploratory hypotheses. We expected to find growth and resource exchange within networks as well as a positive association between network connections and resource exchange. We tested these assumptions among a network of program participants and among a network of participants plus educators and mentors participating in the program.


ISSN: 0091-3847 (Print) 2326-3660 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ipsm20 Cardiac Rehabilitation: It's More Than Exercise Barry A. Franklin To cite this article: Barry A. Franklin (1986) Cardiac Rehabilitation: It's More Than Exercise, The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 14:4, 177-180, DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1986.11709055 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1986.11709055


Textile-Reinforced Cement (TRC) was used in structural retrofitting and
strengthening existing structures. While at present, recent studies have
turned around using TRC as an independent structural element. This
research presented an experimental study on the flexural behavior of TRC
plates. Several parameters were taken into account, specifically, (a) the
number layer of textile fiber materials (1, 2, and 3); (b) the configuration
of the reinforcement (together or interface); (c) thickness of TRC plate (50,
70) mm. This study included preparing and testing twelve specimens; two
specimens were un-reinforced, whereas the rest ten specimens were
reinforced by dry carbon fiber textile. The results found that increasing the
number of layers for both reinforcement configurations led to increased
flexural capacity. Increasing the thickness of the plate has a negative effect
on the flexural capacity for both reinforcement configurations. Finally, the
interface reinforcement configuration with thickness 50 mm or 70 mm
had higher flexural capacity than the specimens with together
reinforcement configuration.


The nature of the electrodischarge machining process(e.d.m.) is described with references to previous work in the field. The requirements of the general electrodischarge machine are discussed, and these are summarised in the form of a functional block diagram. A realisation of the resulting system is described which employs new methods of thyristor spark control, along with the design of circuitry to accomplish automatic feed down and short-circuit clearance over a wide range of machining conditions. The successful operation of the equipment is then reported, and a brief discussion of the variables of the e.d.m. process, along with their optimisation, is presented.


2D edutainment for children to encourage them uses their active thinking from their right brain. Nowadays, mostly education centre for kids does not teach of physical learning including about their creativity and imagination. Mostly education lesson is about knowledge or in academic section such as calculating, theory and writing. Computer is already become part of teaching tools among most of education centre. Children are very interested in learning about animation and using it for any learning activity .I hope this animation can improve in the future for education about science computer. Journey to The Land of Imagination is created to help the children range between 2-6 years old to develop their creativity and imagination through 2D
edutainment.


Dielectric relaxations arising from the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization and intrinsic electron hopping are found for Fe3O4 at the temperatures of 113 and 37 K. The distribution of the layers in the heterogeneous structure is obtained for the distribution of relaxation times in dielectric relaxation due to the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The distribution of heterogeneous layers is calculated in the case of a Fe3O4 particle which consists of high conductive layers with high ferrous concentration in the interior of the particle and low conductive layers with low ferrous concentration near the surface of the particle.

Aus der Maxwell-Wagner-Grenzflachenpolarisation stammende dielektrische Relaxationen und intrinsisches Elektronenhopping werden fur Fe3O4 bei Temperaturen von 113 und 37 K gefunden. Aus der Verteilung der Relaxationszeiten der dielektrischen Relaxation durch Max well-Wagner-Grenzflachenpolarisation wird eine Verteilung der Schichten in der heterogenen Struktur erhalten. Die Verteilung der heterogenen Schichten wird fur den Fall eines Fe3O4-Teilchen berechnet, das aus hochleitenden Schichten mit hoher Ferro-Konzentration im Inneren und niedrig leitenden Schichten mit niedriger Ferro-Konzentration in der Nahe der Oberflache des Teilchens besteht.


A keen reading on the religious activities in Tamil speaking region down the centuries evidently exposes the two different predominant traditions existed with influence, namely 'Vaithiga' and 'Avaithiga' (Non-Vaithiga) religious traditions. These two indeed by their institutionalised reorganization largely influenced and initiated considerable changes in the socio-political and cultural life of Tamils. Apart form these institutionalised two, a few forms of the local deity worships were also in practice. However, this paper limits its focus on the institutionalised religions in general and Buddhism and Jainism in particular. It seems that the the Vaithiga religion, right from the beginning, has habitually extended its support and has also been supported by the Kings and Chieftains of power/authority whereas Buddhism and Jainism on the other hand have earned their support largely from the subaltern mass. This paper therefore argues that the success story of Buddhism and Jainism among the subaltern mass has not simply related to any external practices of the religions, but invariably structured within the very 'humanistic' ideology of the said religions themselves.


This paper describes investigations that aim to correlate isothermal and non-isothermal dielectric measurements. An expression for the thermally stimulated depolarisation (TSD) current is derived without any initial assumptions concerning the analytical form of the dielectric response function.


The quantal elastic, diffusion and viscosity cross-sections have been calculated for proton-helium, neon, argon, krypton, potassium ion-helium, neon and lithium ion-helium systems by means of standard phase shift sums over angular momentum. The classical diffusion and viscosity cross-sections for the above ion-rare gas systems and for the potassium ion-argon, lithium ion-neon, argon and sodium ion-helium, neon, argon were also calculated. At low relative momenta, the classical cross-sections serve only as a 'mean' about which the quantal cross sections oscillate, but the agreement improves with increasing relative momenta. The Vainshtein, Presnyakov and Sobel'man approximation was shown to be applicable to the excitation of metastable helium by electron impact. The cross-section up to 500 eV for electron-metastable helium collisions were calculated. Contrary to expectation, excitation to the optically-forbidden levels dominate that to the optically-allowed levels at energies below 100eV. The use of the Massey-Mohr approximation in the theory of atomic collisions is discussed. It is shown to have rather general application.


Experimental investigations are described that were carried out on a special water phantom with particularly thin walls as well as on a Machlett- Alderson-Rando-Man phantom in which the usual bore holes have been replaced by a point lattice of microbores with a lattice pitch of 1.5 cm. Dosimetric measurements were made ionometrically on the water phantom and for the Alderson phantom, TLD-100 dosemeters were used. The measured values were standandized by a computer program and printed out as isodoses. The superimposed isodoses were obtained by computational superposition of opposing fields and the mathematical variation of irradiation parameters (angle of incidence, etc.) allowed the examination of various irradiation procedures. Measurements were carried out using the kilovolt technique, with the tele-cesium device, the tele-cobalt device, and the 17-MeV betatron with ultrahand x-ray irradiation. Uniform irradiation of the thoracic wall with good or satisfactory protection of the lung can be obtained with the tele-cesium device and even better with the tele-cobalt device using ultrahand x rays, whereas in the conventional deep x ray therapy, the dose distribution is not satisfactory as the dose applied to the region between the two fields is not sufficient. For tele-cesium ard tele-cobalt irradiation, differences in dose distributionmore » due to tissue inhomogeneities, measured in the Alderson phantom and compared with those obtained in the water phantom, could be detected but were too slight. Using the kilovolt irradiatior however, considerable effects of inhomogeneities could be clearly detected prior to the superimposition of the standing fields. The conclusions to be drawn from these results with regard to practical radiotherapy are discussed and irradiation techniques are described that will allow reproducible irradiations to be made using the given isodoses. (GE)« less


The present study addresses 2 vital questions: 1) what relationship exists between the type of household and the mothers opinions regarding the age at which semi-solid and solid foods should be introduced into the infants diet; and 2) how far can such a relationship be modified through health education? Health officials must be fully aware of the hurdles they are likely to face when dealing with families from different structural backgrounds. Using a sample of 100 children and their mothers exposed to health education regarding breastfeeding and supplementary feeding practices with a control group of 200 children and mothers the study found that a higher % of women ho delivered in hospital fed semi-solid foods to their children within 5-8 months of age than those who delivered at home and that exposure of the mother to health education decreased the negative effect of complex structured households which are usually more orthodox and traditional in regard to childfeeding practices. Only 42% of homeborn children were introduced to semi-solid foods between age 4-8 months compared to 81% of their hospital-born counterparts. Very few respondents who were exposed to health education postponed the inclusion of sem-solid into the childs diet beyond the age of 6 months. Socioeconomic level of the mo ther was positively related to age at introduction of semi-solids. It is therefore suggested that health officials must be properly trained in health education skills before they are put on the job. In addition to a knowledge of the basic principles of health sciences they must possess the ability to feel the socio-cultural matrix affecting the feeding practices of children.


In this paper we adopt the notion of orthogonality in Banach spaces introduced by the author in [6]. There, the author showed that in any two-dimensional subspace F of E , every nonzero element admits at most one orthogonal direction. The problem of existence of such orthogonal direction was not addressed before. Our main purpose in this paper is the investigation of this problem in the case where E is a real Banach space. As a result we obtain a characterisation of Hilbert spaces stating that, if in every two-dimensional subspace F of E every nonzero element admits an orthogonal direction, then E is isometric to a Hilbert space. We conclude by presenting some open problems.


Different chemicals and physicals processes can be used to satisfy the consumer and obtain a high organoleptic quality and healthy safe food. Among the new physical processes we find pulsating electric fields, high hydrostatic pressures or ultrasounds.


The information data of CNC machine tool based on the controller tuning operation are investigated for established productivity of industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is a smart productivity based on industrial internet of things, big data, and cyber physical systems in manufacturing industries. For productivity of industry 4.0 establishing, the position control gains Kp, position feedforward control gains Kf, and speed control gains Kv, in CNC machine tool are major tuning parameters. The different KP gains of 10, 50, 100, 300, and 400 rad/s are investigated for a smart productivity in position control mode. The system responses of CNC machine tool at different position feedforward gains Kf of 0, 50, 80, and 100% and the different speed control gains Kv of 50, 100, 1000, 2000, and 3000 rad/s are investigated for a smart productivity. In addition, the steady-state errors and the setting times at the different Rg ratios of (1:1), (3:1), (5:1), and (7:1) are analysed in position control mode. Results showed the KP gains mainly enhances the settling times and reduces the rise times. The tuning output responses of different Kf gains are almost second order system. The speed control gains Kv mainly enhances the transient response. The characteristic responses of the tuning operations are enabled with connectivity to a cloud network to share the big data, to support decision making, and to adjust operations in real time.


Margaret Atwood reflects in her 2009 novel The Year of the Flood, as she does in her 2003 novel Oryx and Crake, not only on feminist but also on humanist and posthumanist concerns, as she questions the very survival of humankind in an era of environmental destruction, excessive consumption, unregulated biotechnological experiments and pandemic viruses. Offering a strident critique of the contemporary culture of unbridled consumption, Atwood, in Year, draws on and literalizes the trope of corporate cannibalism in describing her Americanized and corporation-controlled world. In a similar way, she draws on and extends a related idea she has long made use of in her fiction — that of the male commodification and consumption of women — as she tells the intertwined stories of Toby and Ren, two female pleebland survivors of the pandemic plague and former members of the God's Gardeners, an eco-religious cult and resistance group. Invoking the idea of degeneration as she expresses her long-held fears about environmental and social decline, Atwood looks to religion — specifically eco-religion — as she seeks evidence of our ethical capacity to find a remedy to humanity's ills.


A roll feeding and discharging trolley hydraulic station comprises a motor, a gear pump, an oil tank, a returned oil filter, an anti-explosion valve, a hydraulic cylinder and a valve set of a hydraulic control loop. The roll feeding and discharging trolley hydraulic station is characterized in that the valve set of the hydraulic control loop comprises an overlapping type overflow valve, a three-position four-way H-shaped electromagnetic directional valve, an overlapping type one-way throttling valve, an overlapping type hydraulic control one-way valve, a two-position two-way leakage-free electromagnetic directional valve and an oil way block. The roll feeding and discharging trolley hydraulic station is reasonable, simple and reliable in design and can meet the requirement in the actual production process; the loop control is flexible, running is stable during roll feeding and discharging, a scroll is not ejected, the yield of strip materials is increased, the requirement of a user is met, and the profit is further increased for an enterprise.


Proportioned as(NdPr)18.2(MM)13.6Fe66.22B1.08Cu0.2Al0.7(mass fraction),the stripcast alloy was made by melt spinning of the raw material,part of PrNd alloy in which was replaced with La and Se enriched misch metal.After hydrogen decrepitation,the alloy was jet milled into powder.Then a kind of inexpensive rare earth permanent magnet was obtained by powder shaping and sintering.The magnetic performance was measured using magnetic measuring instrument and the influence of antioxidant on oxygen content in powders was investigated with oxygen content measurement instrument.Microstructures of the sintered samples were observed by SEM.The results indicated that the residual magnetic flux density,the intrinsic coercivity and the magnetic energy product of the magnet were 1.16~1.2 T,960~1 000 kA/m and 248~264 kJ/m3 respectively,equivalent to those of NdFeB magnet.


Deep-seated stigma continues to plague efforts to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in much of Sub-Saharan Africa. While access to antiretroviral treatment has expanded, the spread of HIV continues to rise in the West Nile Region of Uganda. Economic empowerment programs are often heralded as a key means to address gender inequality and poverty and mollify the impacts of AIDS-related stigma. In order to assess how economic empowerment programs impact HIV-positive women's experiences with stigma, we conducted a series of focus groups with HIV-positive women involved with economic empowerment programs and interviews and focus groups with key family members of women with AIDS in West Nile Uganda. Employing an intersectional approach, we found that HIV/AIDS interrelated with particular marriage and descent practices in ways that further marginalized women. We also discovered that economic empowerment programs actively countered women's vulnerability by directly addressing the mutual influences of axes of inequality w...


This thesis concerns two questions in bouncing cosmology, as addressed in the papers arXiv:1404.4364 and arXiv:1406.6049. In the first part of this thesis, we explore the possibility for several models of bouncing cosmology to produce a tensor-to-scalar ratio of the order of 0.2. We start by analyzing the matter bounce curvaton scenario and the matter-Ekpyrotic scenario, two models which use matter fields violating the Null Energy Condition at high energy. We then analyze the Horava-Lifshitz bounce, the f(T) bounce, and the Loop Quantum Cosmology bounce, three models which use modified gravity to avoid the singularity. We generally find that these matter bounce scenarios produce large amounts of primordial gravitational waves, but the tensor-to-scalar ratio can be suppressed for some models, for instance via the curvaton mechanism. In the second part of this thesis, we explore two possible reheating mechanisms in the context of the matter-Ekpyrotic bounce, namely gravitational particle production and particle creation via the coupling of the bounce field with the matter field. We find that gravitational particle production, where the background field couples only to gravity, is sufficient to produce radiation at high enough temperatures after the bounce. Thus, there seems to be no need to introduce an extra coupling to the model Lagrangian, contrary to inflation.%%%%Cette these concerne deux questions sur la theorie de l'univers rebondissant, telles qu'adressees dans les articles arXiv:1404.4364 et arXiv:1406.6049. Dans la premiere partie de cette these, nous explorons la possibilite de produire un rapport tenseur-sur-scalaire de l'ordre de 0.2 dans le cadre de plusieurs modeles d'univers rebondissant. Nous commencons par analyser le modele d'univers rebondissant compose d'un champ scalaire de type curvaton et le modele compose d'un champ de matiere et de type Ekpyrotic. Ces deux modeles utilisent des champs qui brisent la condition d'energie de genre lumiere a haute energie. Nous analysons ensuite les modeles d'univers rebondissant utilisant la theorie de la gravite de Horava-Lifshitz, puis ensuite la theorie modifiee de la gravitation de type f(T), et la theorie de la cosmologie quantique a boucles. Ces trois modeles utilisent des theories modifiees de la gravitation pour eviter la singularite. Nous concluons qu'en general ces scenarios produisent des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales en grande quantite, mais le rapport tenseur-sur-scalaire peut etre reduit pour certains modeles, par exemple grâce au mecanisme de curvaton. Dans la deuxieme partie de cette these, nous explorons deux mechanismes de rechauffement pour le modele d'univers rebondissant compose d'un champ de matiere et de type Ekpyrotic : la production de particules dans un champ gravitationel et grâce au couplement du champ de rebondissement avec le champ de matiere. Nous concluons que la production de particules dans un champ gravitationel, ou le champ dominant interagit uniquement avec la gravite, produit suffisamment de radiation a haute…


This paper describes a design methodology of a millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) phased array antenna that can improve the antenna performance by utilizing planar high-impedance surfaces based on FR-4 PCB process. The antenna element consists of inverted-L antenna topology integrated with one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap (1-D EBG) and via wall structures. The 1-D EBG and via wall structures serve as high-impedance surfaces which can both enhance the array performance and reduce mutual coupling within 0.34λ0 element spacing. In addition, the fabricated array antenna consisting of 4-elements and low loss feeding networks exhibits a wide -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 17 GHz between 23 GHz to 40 GHz. Due to the compressed element spacing, beam steerable coverage of 120° (±60°) within 3 dB scan loss and maximum error vector magnitude (EVM) of 16.6% in QPSK modulation scheme at 28 GHz are experimentally ascertained.


This report presents the first stages of a project aimed at creating a support program for oral production and aural comprehension for English students at Ruamrudee International School, Bangkok, Thailand. This first stage is a needs analysis of the learning needs and skills for teachers and Japanese students and parents. The purpose of this needs analysis is to look for connections among teachers, students, and parents and what they perceive as important language skills needed by high school graduation. This report will include (a) the context background, (b) the existing English Language Development Program at the site of study, (c) a literature review on needs analysis, (d) description and results of the research, and (e) discussion, implications, and limitations of the results.


(1984). Confidentiality of organ donor registry records versus the interest in preserving human life; A proposal. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 116-145.


We propose a design for a concentrating PV/T collector utilizing plasmonic nanoparticles directly suspended in the working fluid to spectrally filter the incoming solar flux. This liquid filter serves two purposes: the direct capture of thermal energy as well as filtering off of key portions of the spectrum before transmission to the PV cell. Our device builds upon the current Cogenra T14 system with a two-pass architecture: the first pass on the back side of the PV cell pre-heating the fluid from any thermalization losses, and the second pass in front of the PV cell to achieve the spectral filtering. Here we present details on the selection of plasmonic nanoparticles for a given cell bandgap as well as the impact to the overall system pumping power and cost.


This is the 21st meeting of the scientific, peer-reviewed presentation section of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) Educational Conference, now a part of the ACC–Research Agenda Conference (ACC-RAC). This conference has grown substantially since its humble beginnings in 1994. The theme of this year's conference is "Aiming for effective change: Leadership in chiropractic education, research, and clinical practice," which is very fitting. If the true essence of leadership is to implement effective change, then in my observation over the past 2 decades, I can say that we have done much as it relates to education and research in the chiropractic profession. For leaders to be successful, they must (1) establish direction and vision, (2) communicate goals, and (3) develop coalitions and alliances. The ACC Peer-Review Committee continues to establish direction and vision for scientific presentations, communicate these goals, and develop alliances in order to improve the current state of science and scholarship through the scholarly art of peer review. We are pleased that each year we observe the quality of presentations improve and exceed the quality of the previous year. We are honored to be a part of the quality improvement of scholarship in the chiropractic profession. The purpose of this summary report is to provide a brief review of the peer-review processes for the ACC-RAC 2014.


Most people who use computers regularly have encountered a failure, either in the form of a software crash, disk failure, power loss, or bus error. In some instances these failures are no more than annoyances; in others they result in significant losses. The latter result will probably become more common than the former, as society's dependence on automated systems increases. The ideal system would be perfectly reliable and never fail. This, of course, is impossible to achieve in practice: System builders have finite resources to devote to reliability and consumers will only pay so much for this feature. Over the years, the industry has used various techniques to best approximate the ideal scenario. The discipline of fault-tolerant and reliable computing deals with numerous issues pertaining to different aspects of system development, use, and maintenance. The expression "disaster waiting to happen" is often used to describe causes of failure that are seemingly well known, but have not been adequately accounted for in the system design. In these cases we need to learn from experience how to avoid failure. Not all failures are avoidable, but in many cases the system or system operator could have taken corrective action that would have prevented or mitigated the failure. The main reason we don't prevent failures is our inability to learn from our mistakes. It often takes more than one occurrence of the same failure before corrective action is taken.


Ann Saudi Med 28(6) November-December 2008 www.kfshrc.edu.sa/annals 466 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multis system chronic autoimmune inflammatory diss ease. SLE has been associated with numerous complement abnormalities including C1q deficiency.1 Patients with SLE and C1q deficiency may have a ses vere multisystem disease, including cutaneous lesions.2,3 Patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome often develop cutaneous ulcerations which mimic pyos derma gangrenosum (PG), particularly leg ulcers, and similar lesions have rarely been reported in patients with SLE.4,5 We managed a young girl with familial SLE and C1q deficiency who developed progressive exs tensive ulcerations that were consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum.


Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) allows homebuyers to qualify for real estate financing with a minimal down payment. PMI transfers default risk from the lender to the insurer at a cost to the borrower of .5% to 1.0% per year. This type of coverage has greatly increased the number of individuals who can own homes. However, if allowed to continue after the risk of default has decreased due to loan principal reduction or property value appreciation, PMI constitutes an unwarranted additional cost of home ownership. This paper examines the current state of the PMI market and legislation governing this type of coverage. It evaluates the use of home equity financing to avoid PMI costs. I. THE PRIVATE MORTGAGE INSURANCE MARKET Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) allows borrowers to qualify for mortgage financing with smaller cash down payments than normally required by most lenders. Traditionally, first time homebuyers had to accumulate as much as 20% of the value of a home before they could qualify for financing – usually by renting or by purchasing a small "starter" home until they could save the required cash payment. Since property values usually increased during this period with a resulting increase in required cash down payments, in many cases potential buyers never could qualify for financing. PMI allows purchasers to qualify for mortgage financing with no cash down by guaranteeing 30% of the value of the property in the event of default. Since the lender also has a mortgage on the property, the value of the property plus the mortgage insurance reduces potential default risk to almost zero. The cost of the insurance to the borrower is .5% to 1% of the value of the mortgage, depending on the size of the down payment, size of the mortgage, and property location. Availability of PMI has greatly expanded the pool of potential homebuyers. According to the Mortgage Insurance Companies of America, over two million new homebuyers used PMI in 2001, a 63% increase over 2000. The Mortgage Bankers Association estimates that this constitutes about half of all mortgage loans. Total insurance-in-


We report on four-wave-mixing based all-optical wavelength conversion of a 56 Gb/s DQPSK signal and all-optical demultiplexing of a 170 Gb/s OOK signal in chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers. The high nonlinearity of the fibers allows error free and low power penalty operation with only 60 mW of total average power.


Artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used wherever human intelligence is required. ANN can remember data of any number of years and it can predict the feature based on the past data. One of the applications of ANN is predicting the stock market values. The prediction has high financial value. This paper uses feed forward network to find the trend of stock market. The network is trained using 3 years data of IBM company form 03-01-2007 to 03-01-2010. System can predict the stock exchange values for the next 6 moths that is form 4-01-2010 to 04-07-2010. Though the method discussed cannot predict the exact values of stock market, it do succeeds in predicting the trends of the Stock market.


The end of the 20th century is an excellent time for social workers to look retrospectively over the landscape of broad health care dilemmas that were left prominently unresolved in the 1990s and even earlier. It is also important for social workers to raise substantive questions about social justice that will help create and direct the health care policy compass for the next decade. Unlike any other recent period in America's budgetary history, the extraordinary amount of surplus federal and state funds being projected allows serious consideration to be given to actually eliminating one or more systemic public policy problems (Brownstein, 1998): community-based care for the mentally ill, long-term care for people with physical disabilities and elderly people, provision of health insurance for low-income children, funding of urban and rural primary and secondary education, health care for unemployed and uninsured adults, full employment, and affordable housing. The presence of the surplus is an unusual opportunity for charting a realistic national vision for achieving social justice. However, this effort is likely to become mired in extensive but circumscribed partisan debate because of congressional elections occurring later in the year. At the state level some governors may be inclined to follow the fiscal direction of Virginia's new governor who sealed his election on a poorly documented promise to eliminate the car tax with surplus state dollars rather than invest in restructuring the states sagging community-based mental health system or the aged infrastructure of its secondary schools (Glassman, 1998). In the State of the Union message, President Clinton expressed his vision that the nation should use its federal surplus to save social security first (Balz, 1998; Clinton, 1998; Pianin, 1998). The Republican response (Lott, 1998) to President Clinton's State of the Union proposal was to use the surplus to reduce the personal income tax burden on the American population - an idea that seems to have limited public support. Both the Democratic and Republican positions continue the trend of linking public policy debate and decisions to current or past employment of people already in the labor force. Although there will be ample efforts to generate public sentiment and support for the President's or the Republican party's policy direction for the surplus, there are a number of unpaid human debts that should be considered first in the ensuing debate over spending priorities for the surplus. We believe that the nation should use this end-of-decade fiscal surplus, both state and federal, to save low-income women and their children first. One of the chief characteristics of this population is their poor health status and risks: high infant mortality rates, higher than expected frequency of maternal deaths, rapidly increasing incidence of AIDS in women and children, excessive rates of death from violence, high frequency of adolescent pregnancy, and high incidence of tuberculosis and deaths from injuries (Center for Health Economics Research, 1993; Rice & Jones, 1990; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1991; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 1985; Weiss, 1997; Willis, 1989; Zane, Takeuchi, & Young, 1994). Within this larger group of low-income women, women of color are affected disproportionately by these health-related issues (Center for Health Economics Research, 1993). There is ample moral reason to reset the national health care compass and the surplus toward first improving the health status of these low-income women and their children. This special edition of Health & Social Work is designed to highlight an old public policy dilemma, the consistent poor health outcomes for low-income women of color, while proposing a new moral vision about what can and should be done in the next century with surplus federal and state dollars. There is an abundance of data, information, reports, and formal studies that confirm the continued low health status of low-income people generally and women of color and their children specifically. …


Laser‐induced damage of tracheal wall microstructures might contribute to recurrence after bronchoscopic treatment of tracheal strictures. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how multimodal imaging using white light bronchoscopy (WLB), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) might identify in vivo airway wall changes before and resulting from Nd:YAG laser ablation and dilation of tracheal stenosis.


In this paper, we study the infinite horizon zerosum differential games for both standard and nonstandard multiparameter singularly perturbed systems. A composite approximation of the full-order linear feedback saddle-point solution is obtained by decomposing the full-order game problem into a slow game and two fast control problems. It is proven that such a composite approximation forms an O(||μ||) (near) saddle-point equilibrium of the full-order game, and the resulting value is O(||μ||2) over or below the exact value of the full-order game depending on the given game parameters. Keywords— Multiparameter, singular perturbation, differential games, saddle-point equilibrium.


We investigate the ability of surface impedance mantle cloaks for cloaking of elliptical cylinders excited by an electric line source. The exact analytical solution of the problem utilizing Mathieu functions is obtained and is used to derive optimal surface impedances to cloak a number of configurations. Specifically, theoretical designs are presented which can minimize the scattering from line source excited dielectric elliptical cylinders, as well as conducting strips immersed in such structures. It will be shown that the required surface impedances are angle-dependent; that their performance has limitations with respect to the source and observation point locations.


From the definition of array gain, the gain of a linear array of point receivers is given in terms of the spatial correlation of the noise. The theoretical methods of obtaining spatial correlation for directional noise and results are given. Experimental verification of the theory is presented. An 8‐element equispaced vertical array of elements perpendicular to the surface of the ocean is considered. The gain for the cases of single frequency, narrow‐band and wide‐band frequencies are computed. Both broadside and endfire steering are analyzed. The gain is computed as a function of the spacing between elements for the case of uniform shading. For each configuration, the gain for optimum shading is obtained. For the case of isotropic noise, narrow‐band frequency, the gain is on the order of 10 log 8 or about 9 dB. For directional noise, narrow‐band frequency (750–850 cps), broadside steering, and uniform shading, the gain is on the order of 17 dB for optimum spacing. An additional 2 dB is obtained for the case of optimum shading at the optimum‐spacing configuration.


Two-stage matrix converter (TSMC) is a kind of new matrix converter which is composed of rectifier stage and inverter stage. We proposed a simplified pulse width modulation (PWM) method for the rectifier stage. This method can simplify the calculation of duty and can make the rectifier stage to output direct voltage with constant average value in every switching cycle,so it contains the merits of conventional methods. Based on the idea of novel modulation method,the detailed method for regulating the power factor is given and the range of input power factor angle is analyzed. Finally,simulation results are given to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control method.


This is the largest systematic review to‐date which compares the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with a treatment called photodynamic therapy (PDT) and alternative treatments. PDT is an established treatment option for low‐risk BCC. PDT involves putting a cream on the skin and leaving it for 3 hours. Then a red light is shone on it; this often causes pain for a few minutes but few other side effects. At least two treatment sessions are needed. In our study we only used evidence from high quality studies (Randomised Control Trials) and only looked at studies which included treatments for low‐risk BCC types (superficial and nodular). The main medical databases were searched to find all suitable studies. The benefits of treatments were compared, using previously‐agreed criteria. The differences between how often treatments would cure (effectiveness), how the area would look after treatment (cosmetic result), and the side‐effects, including pain, were compared at different times. Imiquimod and fluorouracil creams are applied regularly to the BCC over 4‐6 weeks. The creams cause discomfort which increases with time. The peak pain from PDT was higher than imiquimod and fluorouracil, although the combined discomfort from imiquimod and PDT appeared similar. Cure rates between fluorouracil and PDT were comparable although rates with imiquimod were higher than PDT applied once. The cosmetic result with both creams was similar to PDT. Cryosurgery (freezing with liquid nitrogen) is a convenient quick treatment. Cure rates were similar to PDT, although the cosmetic results were poorer. Surgical excision, where the tumour is cut out and the skin stitched, showed the highest cure rates. The cosmetic result after PDT was as good or better than other treatments. Our review showed that PDT is an effective treatment for low‐risk BCC, with excellent cosmetic results and safety.


Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and nursing of psoriasis vulgaris treated with narrow-band UVB(NB-UVB) combined with Chinese herb bath. Methods:79 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were divided into two groups randomly.The treatment group of 40 patients was given NB-UVB combined with Chinese herb bath while the control group of 39 patients was only given NB-UVB therapy.Both groups were implemented with medication care,psychological care,health education and so on.Results:The effective rate in the treatment group and control group was 75.00% and 51.28% respectively and the difference was statistically significant after 3-months' threatment and nursing care.Conclusion:The treatment with NB-UVB combined with Chinese herb bath for psoriasis vulgaris showed satisfactory results and it was worthy to be popularized.


Abstract A microscopical model of anharmonic lattice dynamics forLa2−xMxCuO4 crystals is considered. The model free energy and the soft tilting mode frequencies are calculated to describe the D 17 4h→ D 18 4h→ D 16 4h structural phase transitions in the framework of the self-consistent phonon method.


The invention relates to an air current pressure drop detection device for a cooling fan, which is used for detecting air current pressure drops of the cooling fan relative to different positions of an air duct. The cooling fan is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged on the air inlet and the air outlet; the first pressure sensor is used for detecting a plurality of first pressure values of the air inlet; the second pressure sensor is used for detecting a plurality of second pressure values of the air outlet; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are connected with a display unit; the display unit is used for displaying the first pressure values and the second pressure values; the differences between the first pressure values and the second pressure values are the air current pressure drops of the cooling fan; and the fixed position of the cooling fan relative to the air duct is determined according to the differences between the first pressure values and the second pressure values. The invention also provides a cooling fan installation method.


It is my pleasure to introduce the latest issue of Haseltonia. Volume 12 continues in the fine tradition of its predecessors by having a variety of remarkably high quality research papers on a wide variety of topics—from molecular evolution to physiology to morphology to classical taxonomy—on a wide variety of succulent plants. This issue contains nine full-length papers, one nomenclatural note and an excerpt of new combinations recently published in the Cactus and Succulent Journal. The three longest papers are on succulent Crassulaceae in South America and Turkey. They remind us how little we still now about biodiversity and evolution of such conspicuous plants, despite their horticultural interest. There are two papers on cacti, one of which beautifully falsifies my hypotheses about evolution of Blossfeldia. A paper on morphology of ocotillo warns us that it is not simple determining the age of these prominent desert plants. The remaining papers introduce new taxa in several different succulent plant families.


A multilayer dual-band dual-mode bandpass filter with widely spaced passbands and using two independent square loop resonators is proposed. For improved stopband characteristics, the spurious second harmonic passband of the low frequency resonator is suppressed. The passbands are centered around 3 GHz and 9.35 GHz for application in a dual-frequency maritime radar. The simulated and measured results show good agreement.


The scope of this chapter is to describe and share experiences of two industrial engineers that had practiced project-based learning (PBL) during their engineering degree. Currently, authors look backward with a different perspective related to PBL as they are working as industrial engineers in different areas for 10 years in a multinational environment. Such experiences provide to the students the opportunity of developing soft skills that would be difficult to obtain following a traditional expositive lecture, more focused on individual work. Several challenges and advantages of learning by doing with PBL prepare students and contribute for their professional life because this kind of learning is closer to the professional daily life. In this chapter, four main experiences faced by the authors as engineering students are reported. Furthermore, the importance of experience like that and its contribution for the professional life is explained from the authors' point of view.


Earthquake field work is complex and urgent, and efficient and orderly emergency work plays an important role in reducing casualties and economic losses. Scientific and reasonable working mode and intelligent information technology means are the key to ensure the efficient and orderly development of seismic field work. At present, domestic and foreign standards and systems for seismic field work have been developed and established, and disaster investigations and assessment software based on mobile terminals have been developed. On the basis of explaining the importance of earthquake field emergency work, this paper summarizes and compares the domestic and foreign earthquake field work modes and disaster investigation information service software, introduces the application of various software and its shortcomings, and discusses the development direction of disaster investigation information system in earthquake field work.


The invention discloses a split-type measuring tool and belongs to the technical field of measuring tools. In order to bring convenience to a user for reading data on the measuring tool while measuring a workpiece, the technical scheme includes that the measuring tool is divided into two parts, the first part is a measuring and transmitting part, and the second part is a receiving and displaying part; the first part mainly comprises an electronic measurement unit and a radio transmission unit, and electronic data measured by the electronic measurement unit are transmitted out through the radio transmission unit by the aid of radio waves; the second part mainly comprises a radio receiving unit and a displaying unit, and the radio receiving unit receives the radio waves transmitted from the radio transmission unit and demodulates the electronic data which are displayed through the displaying unit. The split-type measuring tool has the advantages that a mode that measurement and displaying are split is adopted, so that the first part is capable of measuring dimensions of the workpiece at any positions and in any posture in favor of accurate measurement without affecting the user in reading the data.


On the basis of introduction of knowledge discovery on the grid, the basic principle and components of knowledge discovery on the grid is proposed and a novel framework of knowledge discovery on the grid is designed. Then the process of centralized data mining and distributed data mining based on the architecture is analyzed. And the future work is proposed at last.


In the band boundary of the independent allocation band and coordinated allocation band, even if the timing of the DL and UL overlap, the radio communication base station apparatus for reducing interference between adjacent resource blocks, discloses a radio communication terminal apparatus and radio communication method. If the resource blocks UL coordinated allocation band forming the band boundary independent allocation band allocated to the terminal A, in ST 301, the horizontal polarization signal is transmitted to each terminal B~D from the terminal A, in ST 302, base station 100 vertical polarization signal is transmitted to each terminal A~D from. In ST 303, the terminal B to D, the XPD vertically polarized signals received respectively with the horizontal polarization signal is measured, in ST 304, the terminal B to D are transmitted to the base station (100) the XPD report value. In ST 305, select the terminal that transmitted the maximum XPD report value among the XPD report value transmitted from the terminal B to D, it allocates the selected terminal to the resource block of the DL at the band boundaries.


We study the problem of economical representation of subsets of structured sets, that is, sets equipped with a set cover. Given a structured set U, and a language L whose expressions define subsets of U, the problem of Minimum Description Length in L (L-MDL) is: "given a subset V of U, find a shortest string in L that defines V".We show that the simple set cover is enough to model a number of realistic database structures. We focus on two important families: hierarchical and multidimensional organizations. The former is found in the context of semistructured data such as XML, the latter in the context of statistical and OLAP databases. In the case of general OLAP databases, data organization is a mixture of multidimensionality and hierarchy, which can also be viewed naturally as a structured set. We study the complexity of the L-MDL problem in several settings, and provide an efficient algorithm for the hierarchical case.Finally, we illustrate the application of the theory to summarization of large result sets, (multi) query optimization for ROLAP queries, and XML queries.


The energy levels of the Dirac equation with a Kohn-Sham (KS) potential are obtained using algebraic perturbation theory based on the dynamical group structure SO(2,1) without making any non-relativistic approximation. It has been shown that this formalism reproduces the exact analytical result for the eigenvalues of the Dirac equation with both vector and scalar Coulomb potentials. The lowest-order results obtained from the analytical formulae are found to be in excellent agreement with exact numerical results.


Dick Ireson and Neil Harbury of Nautilus outline a new approach to geoscience training
that has developed and matured over eight years.

The oil price is high and likely to remain so, exploration is no longer a forbidden word, improving recovery factors using new technology is a key driver, and so the need for staff trained to support the burgeoning workload is increasing. Unfortunately, the demographics of the current work force make worrying reading: a high percentage of staff will be eligible for retirement within the next 5-10 years.
Figure 1 shows the range of career experience of geoscientists attending the training programme discussed in this article. The histogram shows the proportion of people from Europe and North America attending courses relative to their length of service over a five-year period from 2001 to 2005. Two peaks are clear, one correlating with new hires and the other with very experienced people. Similar figures for North America over the same period are shown in the background with less of a peak at the low end and a very pronounced peak in the 20 to 30 years of experience bracket.
Until recently, particularly in North America, the information collected from the companies in this study suggested that the intake of new hires is nowhere near the actual and predicted exodus from the workforce. Suitable candidates attracted to and appropriate for our industry are a finite resource. In addition, the roles of current geoscience personnel and the techniques and methods they need to be acquainted with are changing rapidly. New hires need to be made effective as quickly as possible and there is a need to train experienced staff in new techniques, new ideas, and new workflows.


This paper presents an evaluation of the efficacy and efficiency of various transfer learning methods in wood knot classification. We compared the wood knot classification results from four different convolutional neural networks (Xception, Inception V3, ResNet50 and VGG16) in order to determine whether they are suitable for this task or not. We conducted an experiment in which we prototyped a series of classifiers using two main approaches - using a neural network with pre-trained weights and training weights from scratch. We used four network architectures, two approaches and eight optimizers to build a total of 64 classifiers. Comparison of the classifiers performance lead as towards the direction of future work.


A flower-like nanostructure of the title compound is hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2 and NH4HB4O7 (autoclave, 150 °C, 48 h) followed by heat treatment of the obtained precursor (1000 °C, 10 h).


Route distribution of a product constituting the order dismissal successive against branches and planning process from point of origin (a company) to the point of consumption (consumers) to fulfill its best customers turn. Pt. Xyz. Is the company in the sectors production snacks. Area their distribution over all the agent scattered in town medan. In medistribusikan of PT. XYZ sued for could design performance shipping reliable, while in fulfillment of a target there are still problems of companies are in distribution products. The process of product distribution in once product delivery only done to one retailing. Distribution products improper in determining route distribution to customers and without seeing former capacity of conveyance resulting in path traveled inefficient. This research berujuan to get route distribution by using centrifugal savings matrix that integrates any muaraangke supply facilities (csf) to distribution canter (d.c.) considering capacity conveyance and means of transportation owned company and to get route distribution efficient with optimize the mileage distribution minimize the use of conveyance; minimizing a charge required by the company and get time distribution feasiable. In distribution system beginning, PT. XYZ send to 14th outlet/day with the mileage 521,600 km and fund of rp. 847.600 and 5 fruit conveyance. By using the method saving matrix produce sub-division route less than route distribution company, applied where sub-division route proposal ' s 7 sub-division routes, produce a greater minimum with thrift distance of 193,7 km can save cost distribution rp. 309.725,- and matrix raise a total time distribution car conveyance of 1193,554 minutes with total car conveyance allocated about three units. Distribution system proposal can save distance of 37,1% and can save the transportation of 36,5 %.


The possibility of an excess electron binding to a sodium chloride trimer in the gas phase was studied at the coupled-cluster level of theory with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations with the six-term s, six-term p, and four-term d (aug-cc-pVDZ+6s6p4d) basis sets. It was found that two types of anions can be formed:  dipole-bound anions and solvated-electron (SE) species. The global minimum on the ground-state anionic potential energy surface corresponded to the Λ-shaped anionic structure, the vertical electron binding energy of which was 7858 cm-1. It was also found that the energy of SE structures, which are locally geometrically stable yet thermodynamically unstable, was considerably higher than that of dipole-bound anions. However, their vertical electron detachment energies were significantly larger (i.e., 26 906 and 34 052 cm-1).


The pyrolysis of tetra pack in nitrogen was investigated with a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reaction system. The pyrolysis kinetics experiments for the tetra pack and its main components (kraft paper and low-density poly(ethene) (LDPE)) were carried out at heating rates (β) of 5.2, 12.8, 21.8 K min−1. The results indicated that the one-reaction model and two-reaction model could be used to describe the pyrolysis of LDPE and kraft paper respectively. The total reaction rate of tetra pack can be expressed by the summation of the individual class of LDPE and kraft paper by multiplying the weighting factors. The pyrolysis products experiments were carried out at a constant heating rate of 5.2 K min−1. The gaseous products were collected at room temperature (298 K) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The residues were collected at some significant pyrolysis reaction temperatures and analyzed by an elemental analyzer (EA) and X-ray powdered diffraction (XRPD). The accumulated masses and the instantaneous concentrations of gaseous products were obtained under the experimental conditions. The major gaseous products included non-hydrocarbons (CO2, CO, and H2O) and hydrocarbons (C1–5). In the XRPD analysis, the results indicated that pure aluminum foil could be obtained from the final residues. The proposed model may be supported by the pyrolysis mechanisms with product distribution.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


Óscar Álvarez-Machancoses Enrique J DeAndrés Galiana Ana Cernea J Fernández de la Viña Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez 2 1Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain; 2DeepBiosInsights, NETGEV (Maof Tech), Dimona 8610902, Israel Abstract: The complexity of orphan diseases, which are those that do not have an effective treatment, together with the high dimensionality of the genetic data used for their analysis and the high degree of uncertainty in the understanding of the mechanisms and genetic pathways which are involved in their development, motivate the use of advanced techniques of artificial intelligence and in-depth knowledge of molecular biology, which is crucial in order to find plausible solutions in drug design, including drug repositioning. Particularly, we show that the use of robust deep sampling methodologies of the altered genetics serves to obtain meaningful results and dramatically decreases the cost of research and development in drug design, influencing very positively the use of precision medicine and the outcomes in patients. The target-centric approach and the use of strong prior hypotheses that are not matched against reality (disease genetic data) are undoubtedly the cause of the high number of drug design failures and attrition rates. Sampling and prediction under uncertain conditions cannot be avoided in the development of precision medicine.


Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is high in patients following renal transplantation. The present analysis assessed major cardiovascular risk factors and estimated the risk of coronary artery disease in the largest present‐day comparative trial of tacrolimus vs. microemulsified cyclosporine A.


Objectives: Analyze the human capital in the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), in the city of Villahermosa to design an improvement proposal. Carry out a diagnosis on the human capital of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). Methodology: The research will be descriptive because the independent variables will be described, as well as the research variables. This investigation is also considered as non-experimental, because the variables cannot be manipulated, the data will be obtained from the heads of departments. Surveys were carried out, which are based on the 10 elements that make up the TIEP (Integral Technique for Productivity Evaluation). Contribution: Once the results are obtained, a proposal is designed for the company through an improvement Model, to increase the productivity of human capital


The practical approach of the extremely complex and delicate problematic of the prevention of the iatrogenic pathology is entailed by numerous difficulties such as: defining the domain, the epidemiological dimension (actually unknown even in the countries with the most advanced health systems), the enormous economical burden, the awful ethical dilemmas the doctor who made a medical mistake has to face, the lack of a systematic education organized in the field of iatrogeny, the lack of an adequate systematic instruction for the doctors in the field of the therapeutic education of the patients, the possible confusion between the avoidable correctable and preventable causes of the iatrogeny and the unavoidable and non-imputable causes. The therapeutic education of the patient and of the entourage represents the key of the therapeutic compliance, of the guarantee of the efficiency of the therapeutic strategy and of the avoidance of the iatrogeny; the deficiencies of therapeutic efficiency and the phenomena of intolerance being the main causes of a deficient compliance; together with the handicaps imposed by the malady and the restrictive constraints of the medical recommendations, the inefficiency and the intolerance of the therapy wear away the capacity of the patient's adapting to the servitudes imposed by the disease and the doctor's recommendations and push him to abandon. A first step, extremely difficult, but unavoidable in unlocking the approach of the iatrogenic pathology, should be represented by the changing of the perception upon the causes and responsibilities in launching this pathology, change which is necessary to be done both among the doctors and the great public. An efficient approach imposes first of all that the doctor should become sensitive, responsible and not to be considered guilty. The risk is inherently part of the modern medicine: the more efficient the conduct is, the bigger the potential of iatrogeny. We have to live with this risk, to know it, to weigh it (as reported to the benefit), we have to inform the patient (the informed consent compulsory in the modern medicine where the patient is the doctor's partner, but the only one to decide), to take all the measures to avoid it, reduce it and finally assume it. Otherwise, the doctor has the right to err, and the error is possible and probable at every level of competence. The responsibility of the health system can be invoked in the absence of the insurance of the doctors' formation in the field of iatrogenic pathology and the therapeutic education of the patients (the education of the educators), of the organization and financing of this education by * Profesor Universitar, Clinica a IV-a Medicală, U.M.F. "Gr.T. Popa", Iasi, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ; ** Profesor Universitar, Catedra de Genetică Umană, "U.M.F. "Gr.T. Popa", Iasi; *** Conferenţiar Universitar, Disciplina Endocrinologie, U.M.F. "Gr.T. Popa", Iasi; **** Medic primar, Clinica a IV-a Medicală, U.M.F. "Gr.T. Popa", Iasi; ***** Preparator Universitar, Clinica a IV-a Medicală, U.M.F. "Gr.T. Popa", Iasi.


HELPING EMPLOYEES HELP THE ENVIRONMENT: AN INTERVENTION TO INCREASE ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS (OCB-E) VIA A SUBTLE STIMULUS Rebecca C. Garden Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Xiaoxiao Hu Researchers' understanding of the relationships between environmentally-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (i.e., OCB-Es) and other workplace variables have improved since the turn of the century, but both our comprehension of the behaviors and the effectiveness of interventions targeting them require much more investigation. Further, there is very little research that examines the role of positive affect in promoting these behaviors, even though scholars have suggested that it may be the "silver bullet" (Kals & Müller, 2012) to facilitating employees' voluntary environmental actions. To that end, the aim of the current research is to take an initial step towards understanding how organizations can use a subtle affective stimulus intervention to increase employees' OCB-Es, as well as how stable personality traits may moderate this relationship. The current experimental field-study was designed to increase OCBEs via repeated exposure to a positively valenced subtle stimulus (i.e., a picture of a person smiling). In addition to examining positive affect as a mediator of this relationship, I also investigated how certain personality traits (i.e., openness to experience and conscientiousness) may both moderate the relationship between positive affect and OCB-Es and directly affect them. Although neither the proposed relationship between the subtle stimulus and positive affect nor the indirect effect of the stimulus on OCB-Es via positive affect for two of the three performance dimensions were supported, results did demonstrate a mediation effect of the


Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) has a severe impact on the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly women and is closely related to the damage of pelvic support tissues, especially ligaments. The incidence of PFD is high in elderly populations. Conventional treatments are associated with high complication and relapse rates. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are bone marrow-derived pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into many types of cells. We have found that when cultured with mechanical stretch-stimulated pelvic ligament fibroblasts, rat BMSCs were induced to differentiate into pelvic ligament fibroblasts. Human acellular amniotic membranes (HAAMs) demonstrate a good biocompatibility and can promote BMSC proliferation and BMSC differentiation into ligament fibroblasts. In this study, BMSCs cultured with mechanical stretch-stimulated pelvic ligament fibroblasts were inoculated into and cultured onto HAAMs, which were then implanted into rats with PFD to improve PFD symptoms. These results indicated their potential use as a cell-based therapy for PFD.


14 kinds of PCBs were determined in the paddy field's water and soil of Dragon Bridge,Nanjing,P.R.China,which was a typical small watershed irrigated area.The results showed that:14 congeners of PCBs were detected at different residue levels,the dominant components of PCBs were tri-,tetra-,and penta-chlorinated PCB congeners,accounting for 88.24%,90.13% of total PCBs.The concentration range of PCBs in the water of paddy field was 24.09-310.34 ng·L-1,their mean content in surface water was 245.84 ng·L-1 and that in groundwater was 96.46 ng·L-1.The concentration range of PCBs in sediment was 10.01-54.63 ng·g-1,and their mean value was 33.92 ng·g-1.The content of PCBs in surface water was much higher than that in groundwater,the trend of vertical migration in the paddy field was very obvious but the migration velocity of that was a bit slow.The risk assessment on PCBs in the soil was completed by using TEQ method.The range of ∑TEQ was 2.65×10-2-7.54×10-2 pg·g-1,the ecological risk of research area was at a medium level in China.Surface water and groundwater were all contaminated.The potential hazards should not be ignored for their accumulative effect in the environment.


BACKGROUND
The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome has decreased in the United States as the percentage of infants sleeping prone has decreased, but persisting concerns about the safety of supine sleeping likely contribute to prone sleeping prevalence rates that remain higher than 10%.

OBJECTIVE
To document health outcomes in infants aged 1 to 6 months in relation to sleep position.

DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING
Massachusetts and Ohio, from February 21, 1995, to December 31, 1998.

STUDY PARTICIPANTS
A total of 3733 infants with consistent sleep positions at ages 1, 3, and 6 months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis relating sleep position at each follow-up age to symptoms in the prior week (fever, cough, wheezing, stuffy nose, trouble breathing or sleeping, diarrhea, vomiting, or spitting up) and outpatient visits in the prior month (ear infection, breathing problem, vomiting, spitting up, colic, seizure, accident, or injury).

RESULTS
No symptoms or outpatient visits were significantly more common among infants sleeping on the side or supine than in infants sleeping prone, and 3 symptoms were less common: (1) fever at 1 month in infants sleeping in the supine (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.93) and side positions (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82); (2) stuffy nose at 6 months in the supine (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89) and side positions (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.99); and (3) trouble sleeping at 6 months in the supine (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.73) and side positions (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.89). Also, outpatient visits for ear infections were less common at 3 and 6 months in infants sleeping in the supine position (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.88; and OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.92, respectively) and at 3 months in the side position (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96).

CONCLUSIONS
No identified symptom or illness was significantly increased among nonprone sleepers during the first 6 months of life. These reassuring results may contribute to increased use of the supine position for infant sleeping.


Obesity poses particular challenges to adequate mechanical ventilation in addition to surgical constraints, primarily by restricted lung mechanics due to excessive adiposity, frequent respiratory comorbidities (i.e. sleep apnea, asthma), and concerns of postoperative respiratory depression and other pulmonary complications. Patients with known pulmonary or cardiovascular disease were excluded. The investigations included ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients, scheduled for abdominal surgery. Patients were considered for inclusion in the trial if they were over 18 yr age. Ventilation with larger tidal volumes with isocapnia maintained with added apparatus dead space increases the tension of oxygen and sevoflurane in arterial blood in overweight patients. Further studies are needed to better define optimum protective ventilation strategies and analyze their impact on the perioperative outcomes of surgical patients with obesity.


We argue for the feasibility and desirability of a "third way" besides markets and authoritarian planning by (1) describing the main features of a model of "participatory planning," and (2) responding to objections that the system requires too many meetings, is too intrusive, misfocuses democratic energies, and lacks sufficient incentives.


. Various known methods for studying the bifurcation of zeros of a Banach-space-valued mapping are unified under a single idea, akin to using a coordinate transformation to obtain a simple form of the function under consideration. The general nature of the hypotheses permits the dropping of the pervasive "Fredholm condition" of bifurcation theory.


An important aim in the field of Multiagent Systems is to study emergent social structures, such as groups and collectives. The relevan ce of social structures in Distributed Artificial Intelligence [5, 6], Artificial Life [7], Sociology [3] necessitates a well motivated definition of their characteristics. The research question of this paper is to formalize the results obtained by Castelfranchi [3] that try to bridge the gap between the BDI model and the macro-level of Multiagent Systems. We presented in [2] general social viewpoints on Multiagent Systems and in [1] we have detailed a derivation of coalition structures from power structures. In this paper we continue the research, and we define power in terms of cognitive (or mind) view, i.e., starting from the characteristics of the single agents as their goals and skills. Properties of collectives, as mutual dependence or cooperation, are also hierarchically defined by means of the definition of power. It is shown that upper levels of this hierarchy need mental model of the agents more and more complex. In real systems some actions can obstruct or ruin the effects of some others, sometimes they simply cannot be performed at the same time, or one of them has the priority over the others. All these features are referred to as the concurrency management problem and w e formalize it in our system to improve its expressiveness.


Body 4, provides the information to be displayed in the window 17, and movable relative to the body 4 in order to change the information displayed in the windows 17 display member to define a window (17) having an axial extension 2, and the masking section 45 and the ratio defines the masking part 46, and rotatable about an axis of rotation (x) with respect to the body 4 and the display element (2), the non masking area 46 a display portion of, and masking section 45 a window 17 and to partially overlap to a selection member (3) to define the display unit 52 of the display element (2), a display assembly, the display element (2) ( 52) the window (17) selected to produce a displacement member in the axial direction (3) and the display element (2) is engaged, the display assembly is proposed.


Injecting polymer materials is an important means to improve the ultimate recovery, maintain stable production and improve the development effect of the oil field in the high water cut period. However, in the development process of polymer flooding, with the continuous increase of the cumulative polymer injection, the problem of high-pressure under-injection frequently occurs in the injection well. In this paper, based on geological characteristics and plugging material analysis, the causes of high pressure/under-injection and production characteristics of different types of measure wells. To study and optimize the rubber breaking, degradation and synergistic acidification liquid system that are applicable to different blockage conditions can effectively improve the adaptability of the blockage liquid system; Meanwhile, the formation of a quick plugging process with the characteristic of "single-stage single-step injection + prescription formula structure" can effectively improve the success rate of polymer plugging process measures, providing strong technical support for polymer flooding technology.


The increasing trend of CO2 emission globally, has been creating climate change in some areas in the world. The impact of climate change could cause disaster for human life such as drought and flood, health deseases, etc. Currently many programs and schemes are introduced to reduce CO2 emission. The low carbon development is one of those programs which is the economic development has to take into acount the CO2 emission reduction. This study found 90 % of the CO2 emision came from forestry sector, especially deforestation and fires. The recent CO2 emission was 70,3 MtCO2e in 2005 and estimated 79 MtCO2e in 2020, then finally will be 93,5 MtCO2e. Therefore mitigation actions should be focused on the forestry sector, these are reforestation & afforestation, REDD, mangrove rehabilitation, agroforestry development, and fire protection. These action programs potentially could reduce the CO2 emission as high as 76,8% in 2030.


Three models are given in this paper by viewing the development of risk-oriented audit: controlling risk-oriented Audit,business-oriented audit and management fraud risk-oriented approach.Based on a brief discussion and comparison of three risk-based audits,the paper also points out that the management fraud risk-oriented audit is a new risk-based audit approach.It is a feasible method to prevent management fraud.


Though it is standardly assumed that supervaluationism applied to vagueness is committed to global validity, Achille Varzi (2007) argues that the supervaluationist should take seriously the idea of adopting local validity instead. Varzi's motivation for the adoption of local validity is largely based on two objections against the global notion: that it brings some counterexamples to classically valid rules of inference and that it is inconsistent with unrestricted higher-order vagueness. In this discussion I review these objections and point out ways to address them not considered in Varzi's paper.


The most common cause of maternal death is bleeding (30.3%), followed by hypertension in pregnancy (27.1%), infection (7%). Other causes, 45%, are quite large, including non-obstetric causes. High maternal mortality is also caused by the high number of unexpected pregnancies. Approximately 65% of pregnancies still occur because "4 too" associated with pregnancies "too young (less than 20 years)," too old: (more than 35 years), "too often (pregnancy interval less than 2 years," too many"(more than 3 children). Most maternal deaths can be prevented if adequate treatment is provided in health care facilities. Time and transportation factors are very decisive in referring to high-risk cases. Therefore, detection of risk factors in mothers is good by personnel. Health and society is one of the important efforts in preventing death and morbidity. To avoid the risk of complications in pregnancy and childbirth, every pregnant woman needs at least 4 antenatal care, namely once in the first trimester (0-12 weeks gestation), one times in the second trimester (12-24 weeks of gestation), and twice in the second trimester third steer (24 weeks gestation until delivery). Keywords: Early Detection Of High Risk Pregnancy, Pregnancy Test.


Grassmann's third law dealing with metameric colours is restated in a set-theoretical language. This leads to an exact formulation of this law and an explicit definition of the objects dealt with in colour space. As an application, the principle known as persistence of colour match is restated, and some consequences from it are derived.


This work presents the design and fabrication of a novel uniplanar microstrip patch antenna that is simultaneously dual-band and dual-polarized. By embedding a carefully designed metamaterial-based electromagnetic bandgap structure (MTM-EBG) into the edges of a conventional square patch, operation with orthogonal linear polarizations at both 3.6 and 5.8 GHz is achieved. The design is fully printed, compact, low-profile, and pin-fed using a shielded microstrip configuration, and it is 17% smaller than a conventional square patch at the lower operating frequency. The presented antenna shows a reflection coefficient better than −16 dB at each frequency and over 24 dB of port-to-port isolation. Radiation patterns are patch-like in both operating bands, with broadside gains of 6.4 and 5.3 dBi at the lower and higher operating frequencies, respectively. The antenna is fabricated using conventional PCB manufacturing methods, and measurement results are in very good agreement with simulations.