Tide-gauge and geodetic measurements of coseismic and interseismic displacements in the forearc of subduction zones showed that the coastal region undergoes uplift during the interseismic phase and subsidence during the coseismic phase, while opposite vertical movements are observed in the neighbouring regions (e.g., Savage & Thatcher 1992; Hyndman & Wang 1995). Horizontal displacements during the interseismic phase are typically directed landward, whereas the forearc moves seaward during the earthquake (e.g., Klotz et al. 1999). Here we use two-dimensional finite-element modelling to evaluate how the friction coefficient along the plate interface, the length and the position of the downdip end of the locked zone affect the coseismic and interseismic displacements. Our model consists of a deformable, rheologically stratified upper plate and an undeformable oceanic plate, which rotates at a prescribed angular velocity (cf. Cailleau & Oncken, 2008). The frictional plate interface is divided – from the trench to the base of the continental lithosphere – into a seismogenic zone, a transition zone and a landward free slip zone. During an initial phase, the seismogenic zone is locked, which leads to the accumulation of elastic strain in the forearc. During the subsequent coseismic phase, the strain is released and causes sudden slip of several meters on the plate interface. During the next interseismic phase, the seismogenic zone is locked again. Our model results show patterns of vertical and horizontal displacements that are in general agreement with geodetically observed patterns. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the magnitude of the vertical displacements is strongly influenced by the friction coefficients of the seismogenic zone and the transition zone. The location of the zones of maximum interseismic uplift and coseismic subsidence in the coastal regions depends on the length and position of the locked zone. Preliminary results from three-dimensional models show that the lateral extent of the rupture zone also affects the direction of the coseismic surface displacements, as recorded by GPS stations during the 2011 Japan earthquake (Ozawa et al. 2011).


Nwadays, urban cities residents are trying to escape the environmental pollution which threatens them, and spend a part of their time in peaceful and...


Part 1 Avant L'Eclipse: Prologue Document Repertoire Atget and the Artists Adget and the Set Designers Atget and the Building Industry Atget and the Amateurs of Vieux Paris Atget and the Publishers Commodity Author. Part 2 L'Eclipse: The First Album The Second and Third Albums The Third City. Part 3 Ombres Portees: Phase 1 Phase 2.


Introduction: The Ministry of Health, Kenya (MOH) investigated a report on acute watery diarrhea (AWD) cases at a city hotel to confirm the cause, characterize, and identify associated factors. Methods: A suspected case of cholera was defined as AWD in any person aged >2 years at the hotel from August 31, 2017, to September 6, 2017. We took rectal swabs for laboratory confirmation and summarized the AWD data by person, place, and time. We defined a cohort of hotel staff with those who ate dinner on August 31, 2017, considered exposed and conducted a retrospective cohort study. We calculated attack rates (AR) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval. Variables with p<0.1 at bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariate model and those with p<0.05 in the final model considered independently associated with the AWD. Results: Vibrio cholera was isolated from seven (10.1%) out of 69 samples. Line listed 139 cases with a median age of 32 years (Range: 20–58 years) included 127 (91.4%) male and 127 (91.4%) guests. Index case was reported on August 31, 2017, cases peaked at 95 cases on September 3, 2017, and declined to three on September 6, 2017. A total of 30 (81.1%) of 37 hotel staff were exposed with 17 (56.7%) cases. Food specific ARs were: steamed spinach 78.6% and pineapples 26.3%. Spinach (RR: 3.0 (95%CI: 1.76-72.97)) was a risk factor while pineapples (RR: 0.4 (95%CI: 0.01-0.58))


Therapeutic physical culture is a medical industry, primarily related to the restoration of disorders, functional abilities, quality of life and movement potential, as well as the prevention of exacerbations and complications of the disease [1, 2]. A distinctive feature of therapeutic physical culture in comparison with other methods of healing, treatment and rehabilitation is that it uses physical exercises as the main therapeutic agent applied in accordance with the objectives of treatment, taking into account the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, functional state of the body, the degree of general physical performance [3]. This method uses a kind of natural innate quality of a person physical activity, which is the main stimulator of the growth, development and formation of the body processes [4]. In the past, medical and surgical care was directed only to the treatment of diseases. It is now universally recognized that sufficient attention must be paid to the consequences of diseases.


This issue of Journal of Critical Realism has a focus on the work of Andrew Collier, Marxism emancipation. It therefore considers questions related to prefiguration, non-violence, and explanatory critique (that is, dialectic). It is notable because it includes two previously unpublished papers by Andrew Collier (1944-2014), and a tribute to him, by Margaret Archer. The Collier publications came about because the 2019 International Association of Critical Realism's annual conference was held at Southampton University where Andrew Collier had been a professor of philosophy, which lead to a round-table discussion of his work. The round-table participants were Professors John O'Neill, Margaret Archer and Doug Porpora. In a wide-ranging discussion, all three started with personal recollections of Andrew, his humour, love for life and consideration for others, before discussing specific aspects of Collier's work and how it contributed to the overall development of the metatheory of critical realism. Archer focused on Collier's commitment to objectivity and how we achieve it, in particular, she considered his thoughts on the relationship between practical and theoretical knowledge. Porpora examined how Collier reconciled being a Marxist with his ethical and religious concerns. O'Neill used two of Collier's unpublished papers (present in this issue) – Socialism and the Right to Property: Marx and Chesterton and Teachers and Gangsters – to discuss the political aspect of Collier's work. Following these individual presentations there was a wider discussion, which explored how Collier's work continues to contribute to critical realism and its application. While it is not possible to capture in print the full range of this session, it was recognized by the participants that the discussion and the two unpublished papers created a large amount of interest. With the permission of Heather Collier, these two papers are therefore published here. They were provided as neatly typed hardcopy, without references or abstracts (which we have added). In this editorial, we summarize some of the key contributions of these papers and their continuing relevance. This is followed by Archer's tribute to Collier, which gives a flavour of the wider range of his interests. The rest of this issue includes several miscellaneous papers whose content is nevertheless relevant to this discussion of Marxism and emancipatory practice. Eugene Flanagan considers the role of false consciousness in maintaining capitalist structures and gives a critical realist explanatory critique of British politics in: Imperialist Myths and Westminster's Two Houses: A Critical Realist Marxist Analysis. Carl Auerbach explores the role of psychological structures in achieving democracy in: How is Democracy Possible? Critical Realist, Social Psychological and Psychodynamic Approaches. Krzysztof Wielecki considers the nature of the current civilizational crisis, which is a necessary descriptive first step in an explanatory critique, in: The Contemporary Civilizational Crisis from the Perspective of Critical Realism. Steve Melia gives an example of decision-making based on considerations of a concrete utopian nature (he does not call it this) through his description of how political decision-making can proceed using principles of critical realism in: Learning Critical Realist Research by Example: Political Decision-Making in Transport. Finally, David Pilgrim, in his review of Richard Layard's (2020) book Can We Be Happier? Evidence and Ethics, considers the role of popularized 'happiness research', which blatantly exploits the contradictions of empirical realist research in order to provide the false


One kind runway threshold wing bar, comprising a base and a reflector disposed within the lamp, the reflector equipped with a light source, an elliptical reflector comprising a first reflector and a second elliptical reflector connected to the first elliptical reflector, the first and a second elliptical reflector disposed coaxially elliptical reflector, a first elliptical reflector remote from the reflector opening, the opening of the second elliptical reflector located near the reflector, the second elliptical reflector than the first focal length of the elliptical reflector focal length, a light source disposed on the inner housing and the first elliptical reflector located on the axis of the reflector. After the spot light emitted from the light source of the present invention is reflected by the elliptical reflector and the first reflector forming a second elliptical oval on the ground, all of the light source may be located within the oval wing region at the runway threshold, the significantly improved light utilization, so less than 150 watt tungsten halogen light source can be realized elliptical wing region at the runway lighting effectively achieve the energy saving purpose.


Coastal bays, such as Barataria Bay, are important transition zones between the terrigenous and marine environments that are also optically complex due to elevated amounts of particulate and dissolved constituents. Monthly field data collected over a period of 15 months in 2010 and 2011 in Barataria Bay were used to develop an empirical band ratio algorithm for the Landsat-5 TM that showed a good correlation with the Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 355 nm (ag355) (R2 = 0.74). Landsat-derived CDOM maps generally captured the major details of CDOM distribution and seasonal influences, suggesting the potential use of Landsat imagery to monitor biogeochemistry in coastal water environments. An investigation of the seasonal variation in ag355 conducted using Landsat-derived ag355 as well as field data suggested the strong influence of seasonality in the different regions of the bay with the marine end members (lower bay) experiencing generally low but highly variable ag355 and the freshwater end members (upper bay) experiencing high ag355 with low variability. Barataria Bay experienced a significant increase in ag355 during the freshwater release at the Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion (DPFD) following the Deep Water Horizon oil spill in 2010 and following the Mississippi River (MR) flood conditions in 2011, resulting in a weak linkage to salinity in comparison to the other seasons. Tree based statistical analysis showed the influence of high river flow conditions, high- and low-pressure systems that appeared to control ag355 by ~28%, 29% and 43% of the time duration over the study period at the marine end member just outside the bay. An analysis of CDOM variability in 2010 revealed the strong influence of the MR in controlling CDOM abundance in the lower bay during the high flow conditions, while strong winds associated with cold fronts significantly increase CDOM abundance in the upper bay, thus revealing the important role these events play in the CDOM dynamics of the bay.


Cereal or tuber starches have been utilized in making low-density foam using a baking process. Foams made only of starch tend to embrittle and have poor mechanical properties. Fiber reinforced foams were made that had flexural properties similar to foam materials used in commercial food containers. Pulped fiber from wheat and rice straw was as effective as pulped hard and softwood fiber in improving foam properties.


The IAAF has commissioned Prof. Gert-Peter Brüggemann of the Sports University in Cologne, Germany (also Editorial Board Member of Sports Technology) to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the South African disabled sprinter Oscar Pistorius using his carbonfibre prostheses. The aim of the study was to determine whether Mr Pistorius has an unfair advantage over able-bodied athletes against whom he wishes to compete (including at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games). An article reporting on the findings of this study will appear in one of the upcoming issues of Sports Technology.


Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a communication standard optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body but not limited to humans used to serve a variety of applications including medical, consumer electronics, entertainment and other[1]. The challenge of WBAN is that the energy of the sensors is limited by the battery life that's why the transmitting of data is not continuous for long time. This leads to poor efficiency of the WBAN because the continuous power decreasing is due to network operations. An algorithms such as MAC zigbee802.15.4 and adaptive reliable MAC are important to reduce the replacement of batteries many times and to save power consumption. In this paper we concentrated our study on some type of sensors, they are telosB, mica2, micaz, and imote2 depends on power consumption calculations using mat lab program and based on adaptive reliable MAC. We analyzed the sensors with several nodes and packet sizes, and calculate the lifetimes for all the sensors in WBAN. The results we obtained show a good performance of using Adaptive reliable MAC in Wireless Body Area Networks.


An econometric analysis was conducted with the intent of discovering the relationship between contractual provisions, as specified in timber sale notices, with high bids received for those timber sales. Specifically, the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between high bids for timber tracts and certain contractual stipulations that have not previously been explored to any great extent (such as requirements of landowner assistance and performance bonds, and adherence to forestry Best Management Practices). Data collected from 105 timber sales conducted by the Alabama State Lands Division of the Department of Conservation from 1966 through 1997 were analyzed using a simple linear regression model. The dependent variable was high bid price per acre. Independent variables included various physical characteristics, number of bidders per timber sale, and specific contractual stipulations that have not been previously examined econometrically. The results indicate that certain contractual provisions – such as landowner assistance and bonding requirements – exhibit negative and significant relationships with high bids received for Alabama state timber sales, as expected. A dummy variable that related to forestry Best Management Practices provisions exhibited a positive and significant relationship with high bid prices per acre. This result was unexpected.


Abstract A survey of publications concerning the relationship between the arsenic content of brass and special brass heat exchanger tubes and their susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion has been made to establish whether there are grounds for reducing the maximum below the 0·06% specified in most National Standards.It appears that reducing the arsenic contentfrom 0·06% to 0·03% would have no effect on intergranular corrosion and only a marginal effect on stress corrosion susceptibility. No change in the Standards is considered desirable.


Summary Th e bio-economic approach was used to calculate economic weights for twelve production (dairy and growth), functional and carcass traits of Slovak Pinzgau cattle raised in dairy (A) and cow-calf (B) system. Th e breeding heifers for own herd replacement with ten reproduction cycles at maximum was produced. Th e sale of surplus male and female calves was assumed aft er fi nishing of weaning period in both systems. Milk production is with quota limited in Slovakia, but the quotas limits aren't fi lling up if the whole dairy population is taken into account. In the system A, the base price per milk value was corrected according to the fat and protein content and somatic cells count. Th e marginal economic weights were calculated as the numeric derivation of the profi t function. Marginal values were standardized (multiplied by the genetic standard deviation of the appropriate trait) and expressed as relative values (percentage proportion). Th e marginal economic weight for milk yield (+0.20 €) and for dressing percentage (+0.39 €) were the lowest in both systems. Th e highest marginal importance was found for production lifetime of cows in system A (+69.26 € per year and cow), and in system B (+52.55 € per year and cow), respectively. Functional traits achieved the highest marginal values in both systems. But the relative economic values for the functional traits complex represent only 37.04% in system A, and 73.52% in system B, respectively. Th e proportion of functional, production and carcass traits complexes was 37.04 : 62.73 : 0.23 in system A, and 73.52 : 26.07 : 0.41 in system B. Th e highest relative economic importance was observed for the 305 d milk production (37.70%) in system A and yearling weight (25.35%) in system B, respectively. Subsidies in the calculations were of positive eff ect on the profi tability in the system B but it was not suffi cient for positive profi tability in the system A. Th e system A achieves negative profi tability irrespective on assigned subsidies. Th e system B has positive profi tability aft er accounting subsidies.


Donostia San Sebastian starts the environmental noise assessment in 2000, with innovative procedures to do the first diagnostic on environmental noise. Then, specific studies to analyze solutions for highway traffic noise, night leisure zones, planning projects and mobility, involved different City Council departments in noise management. First noise map for the whole city, 2003, starts the studies for action plan on different aspects: planning in future development areas, urban improvement, road barriers, traffic management, etc. This experience supports the European Strategic Noise map approved in 2011, that also includes soundscape methods to asses different sound environments considering emblematic images of the city: "Comb of wind", seafronts, parks, Old Part,...Soundscape is an opportunity for a city along sea coast with strong waves days and whose main festival is 24 hours of drum melodies: "La Tamborrada". The action plan proposes 10 action lines and is being developed for zone studies, whose results will be presented at the conference, focusing mainly on mobility and traffic management. In 2015 the "Amara" action plan was defined and now other sectors are being decided. The paper will summarize the Donostia-San Sebastian experience in different noise situations: night leisure zones, planning, traffic management, soundscape, etc., as an example for other cities.


A radio frequency transmitter comprises an amplifier, an antenna port, an isolator adapted to isolate an output of the amplifier from an interfering signal of the antenna port, a linearization loop and a transmission line comprising a first part (coupling a signal source to an input of the amplifier), a second part (coupling the output of the amplifier to an input of the isolator) and a third part (coupling an output of the isolator to the antenna port). The linearization loop is adapted to reduce non-linearity of the isolator and comprises a first directional coupler coupled to the third part of the transmission line, a loop impedance, and at least one further linearization loop element adapted to adjust a linearization signal and to feed the adjusted linearization signal to the transmission line. The radio frequency transmitter also comprises an interference reducing circuit adapted to reduce an influence of the interfering signal on the linearization loop. The circuit comprises a variable gain and phase shifter, and second and third directional couplers. The variable gain and phase shifter is coupled to the third part of the transmission line via the second directional coupler, which extracts a compensation signal from the transmission line, and is adapted to adjust amplitude and phase of the compensation signal based on the amplitude and phase of the interfering signal passing through the loop impedance. The third directional coupler couples the variable gain and phase shifter to the loop feed line and feeds the adjusted compensation signal thereto.


This paper analyses the development process of a sample of 32 software firms. From the raw data the authors produced 103 different organizational profiles, resulting in seven configurations. The results of the research show complex growth paths. Most firms are unable to sustain competition, mainly based on technological innovation. While the firms based on basic technical know-how show a variety of directions of growth, the more market orientated firms are forced to abandon software development as a main interest. Most of the surveyed firms cease to exist as small software firms. For most of them their life as software producers lasts: from 3 to 7 years.


The present level of cesium-137 in deep water of the sea near Japan is lower than 0.2 dpm per liter. The concentration of rubidium in sea water was reported to be 0.12 mg per liter and the /3-activity of rubidium-87 was calculated to be 12.6 dpm per liter. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the effect of rubidium when concentration of cesium-137 is determined by beta counting. Separation of cesium from rubidium in sea water was carried out successfully using antimony trichloride method developed by FRESENIUS (cited by KIMURA).


By using the one-off and the repeated game model, this paper analyzes the counter-terrorism cooperation behavior of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states. Furthermore, by introducing the cooperation institution as an external factor, the influence of institution's involvement on the cooperation behavior of the SCO member states is analyzed.


Based on the monitoring data of SO2,NOX and PM10 concentration from 2006 to 2007 in Yantai,the temporal and spatial distribution features are studied.The results demonstrate that the concentration of air pollutants maintains at a low level in Yantai.The major pollution sources are heating emissions,vehicle emissions and the effect of sand blown by wind.Emissions of SO2 and PM10 increase significantly with the change of the season.The former increases in heating period,while the latter keeps a high level in spring and autumn.Pollutants show different regional concentration.SO2 and PM10 pollution concentrats in the industrial areas of Zhichu,and NOX in the urban centers.


This paper studies the locational choice of Italian mobile graduates, tackling simultaneously three aspects. First it analyses the structural drivers of migration (i.e. the key regional characteristics that attract high-skilled migrants) and the social structures that underpin it (i.e the role of migration networks). Secondly, it compares the preferences of migrants across Italy, to those who move from the least developed South to the Centre-North and those who move within the richer Centre-North. Thirdly, as graduate migration is a key mechanism to transfer knowledge from the university to the labour market, particular attention is given to migrants who are applying, in their jobs, exactly the skills gained through their degree. Results indicate that social networks are a much stronger determinant of the destination of graduates than regional characteristics, that to apply one's knowledge it is necessary to move to highly innovative areas, and that graduates from different areas have different preferences and behaviour. In particular, whilst migration is a lifestyle choice for those who move within the Centre-North, it is driven by economic necessity for those who leave the South.


In this article, an analysis is presented of the impact of high voltage overhead transmission lines on the measurement of soil resistivity. Through analysis, the measurement noise level due to the vicinity of the phase conductors of a high voltage overhead transmission line is determined. The soil is modeled as an anisotropic homogeneous half-space of finite resistivity. In order for the article to be of practical use to engineers, simple mathematical instrumentation has been used. Detailed expressions and the physically objective hypotheses under which the cited model is valid have been derived. For the simplicity and generality of the presentation, analysis was performed using a practical example of the measurement of soil resistivity by the Wenner method. The example refers to a single system high voltage transmission line with a steel tower. The results obtained by the theory presented are compared to the results obtained with the software package CDEGS (Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis). The results obtained are presented analytically, graphically and are discussed.


The paper discusses contemporary demographic, economic and landscape changes in Croatian urban settlements with the emphasis on the changes in the town of Zadar. Up to the mid-20th century, most of the population of Croatia was living in rural areas, but from that time on, particularly from 1960s, the share of urban population started increasing significantly, primarily due to intensive industrialization, rural exodus and the development of service industry. Such demographic changes had a profound impact on spatial and landscape changes in urban areas. The town of Zadar is located in central part of the Croatian Adriatic coast, and it is the fifth largest town in Croatia. However, the urban tradition of this town is over 2, 000 years old. In the Second World War, Zadar was bombarded heavily and over 80 per cent of the town was completely destroyed. In the post-war period, the town was re-built, it experienced intensive industrialization and recorded intensive population increase (by 346 per cent in the period from 1948 to 2011), which resulted in significant territorial expansion of the town, landscape and land-use changes. Up to 1990s, a notable part of the land was occupied by factories and military barracks, but in the last 20 years, simultaneously with demographic and economic changes, the town experienced profound changes regarding the housing development and land-use changes.


This article deals with a brief systematization of the main theoretical framework underpinning pedagogical professional interests, inserted into one of the stages of teaching vocational guidance in the context of initial teacher training at the Universities of Pedagogical Sciences, recognizing the need to form a professional in education at the height of our times, who loves, respects and values, his profession. It alsoprovides some theoretical positions of Cuban authors who have ventured into this subject.


Gridhrasi is a Shula Pradhana Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi (Stiffness) and Sakthi Kshepa Nigrahana ( Gridhrasi to Sciatica. The prevalence of the disease is influenced by life style and occupation. Churna containing Punarnava, Amruta, its efficacy along with Kati Basti using Punarnavadi Churna with Kati Basti in fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. period of 7 days and Punarnavadi Churna days. The Lakshanas of Gridhrasi were observed, recorded and assessed. done using paired 't' test and Chi-square test which after intervention showed statistically highly significant r sults (p<0.001) Before Treatment to After Treatment and at Follow Up on all the parameters. and Conclusion: Punarnavadi Churna ters.


For effective burning of hazardous transuranic (TRU) elements of used nuclear fuel, a transformational advanced reactor concept named SLFFR (Stationary Liquid Fuel Fast Reactor) was proposed based on stationary molten metallic fuel. The fuel enters the reactor vessel in a solid form, and then it is heated to molten temperature in a small melting heater. The fuel is contained within a closed, thick container with penetrating coolant channels, and thus it is not mixed with coolant nor flow through the primary heat transfer circuit. The makeup fuel is semi- continuously added to the system, and thus a very small excess reactivity is required. Gaseous fission products are also removed continuously, and a fraction of the fuel is periodically drawn off from the fuel container to a processing facility where non-gaseous mixed fission products and other impurities are removed and then the cleaned fuel is recycled into the fuel container. A reference core design and a preliminary plant system design of a 1000 MWt TRU- burning SLFFR concept were developed using TRU-Ce-Co fuel, Ta-10W fuel container, and sodium coolant. Conservative design approaches were adopted to stay within the current material performance database. Detailed neutronics and thermal-fluidic analyses were performed to develop more » a reference core design. Region-dependent 33-group cross sections were generated based on the ENDF/B-VII.0 data using the MC2-3 code. Core and fuel cycle analyses were performed in theta-r-z geometries using the DIF3D and REBUS-3 codes. Reactivity coefficients and kinetics parameters were calculated using the VARI3D perturbation theory code. Thermo-fluidic analyses were performed using the ANSYS FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Figure 0.1 shows a schematic radial layout of the reference 1000 MWt SLFFR core, and Table 0.1 summarizes the main design parameters of SLFFR-1000 loop plant. The fuel container is a 2.5 cm thick cylinder with an inner radius of 87.5 cm. The fuel container is penetrated by twelve hexagonal control assembly (CA) guide tubes, each of which has 3.0 mm thickness and 69.4 mm flat-to-flat outer distance. The distance between two neighboring CA guide tube is selected to be 26 cm to provide an adequate space for CA driving systems. The fuel container has 18181 penetrating coolant tubes of 6.0 mm inner diameter and 2.0 mm thickness. The coolant tubes are arranged in a triangular lattice with a lattice pitch of 1.21 cm. The fuel, structure, and coolant volume fractions inside the fuel container are 0.386, 0.383, and 0.231, respectively. Separate steel reflectors and B4C shields are used outside of the fuel container. Six gas expansion modules (GEMs) of 5.0 cm thickness are introduced in the radial reflector region. Between the radial reflector and the fuel container is a 2.5 cm sodium gap. The TRU inventory at the beginning of equilibrium cycle (BOEC) is 5081 kg, whereas the TRU inventory at the beginning of life (BOL) was 3541 kg. This is because the equilibrium cycle fuel contains a significantly smaller fissile fraction than the LWR TRU feed. The fuel inventory at BOEC is composed of 34.0 a/o TRU, 41.4 a/o Ce, 23.6 a/o Co, and 1.03 a/o solid fission products. Since uranium-free fuel is used, a theoretical maximum TRU consumption rate of 1.011 kg/day is achieved. The semi-continuous fuel cycle based on the 300-batch, 1- day cycle approximation yields a burnup reactivity loss of 26 pcm/day, and requires a daily reprocessing of 32.5 kg of SLFFR fuel. This yields a daily TRU charge rate of 17.45 kg, including a makeup TRU feed of 1.011 kg recovered from the LWR used fuel. The charged TRU-Ce-Co fuel is composed of 34.4 a/o TRU, 40.6 a/o Ce, and 25.0 a/o Co. « less


Background: Momordica charantia has some hypoglycemic properties. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the impact of Momordica charantia (karela) on the proportion of hepatocytes in the  Streptozotocin-induced  diabetic  rats. Methodology: This  was  an  animal  study  carried  out  in  the Department of Anatomy at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Bangladesh Institute of Research & rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine & metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. Healthy young Long Evans rats of male sex weighing 150 to 280gm with an age range of 10 to 12 weeks were used in this study. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups depending upon their different sorts of dietary feedings and drug treatment. The variation of different proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions in different groups of rat was monitored. Result: Sixty five rats were included in this study. Mean proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions on day 51 from Streptozotocin/vehicle injection in the control group which was known as Group-A was 0. In untreated diabetic group the mean proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions was 3.71 ± 0.82. On the other hand, in the insulin-treated diabetic rats the mean proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions was 0 and in the karela-treated diabetic rats, the proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions was 0. The value in the insulin-treated diabetic rats (p=0.0001) and in the karela-treated diabetic rats (p= 0.0001) were significantly lower than that of the untreated diabetic rats; however, there was no significant difference between the insulin-treated diabetic rats & the karela-treated diabetic rats (P>0.05) in this regard. Conclusion: Karela showed a tendency of acting against hyperglycemic effects of Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and also acting against the rise in proportion of hepatocytes with intranuclear inclusions in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i2.20761 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(2):84-86


Abstract Ulcerative enteritis (UE) was reproduced in two groups of 20, five-week old Leghorn pullets. The disease was initiated by exposure to a sublethal dose of coccidia followed on the 4th and 5th days by stress in the form of fasting and on the 4th, 5th and 6th days by inoculation with UE material obtained from Bobwhite quail which had clinical lesions of UE. When the chickens were inoculated with Eimeria brunetti or Eimeria necatrix 70% and 50% of them, respectively, developed lesions of UE.


The present paper reports a study on the breakdown phenomenon in AlGaAs/GaAs power HEMT'S. It uses, on one hand, experimental results carried out on various test devices and, on the other hand, modeling taking into account either ionization or tunneling effects. Such an approach gives a new understanding on the respective roles of these two effects in the breakdown occurrence and allows to define design rules.


The road builder is primarily interested in the performance of soil as influenced by moisture content and changes of moisture content. All soil is derived from bedrock which forms the outer shell of the earth by gradual weathering and the disintegrating action of air, moisture, heat, cold, frost, and chemical agencies. Soils that exist where they are form'ed are said to be "residual"; those that have been carried from their place of origin by glaciers, wind, or water are called . "transported soils." Residual soils and those transported by wind, such as loess, and by lakes and rivers, such as silts, clays, and mucks, occur in the earth's crust in series of layers forming whatis knownas the "soil profile," figure 1. Soils of a profile graded by mechanical analysis are designated as "sands," "clays," "loams," "silt loams," etc. Sandy materials are described as "light-textured" and clays as "heavy-textured" soils. The chart, figure 2 developed by A. C. Rose (l) shows the mechanical grading of the various designations of texture.


By considering GaAs(110) and Si(100)(2x1) surfaces, it is shown that the use of the pseudohydrogen atoms to saturate the dangling bonds at one side of the slab modeling a free surface can lead to d ...


Emerging power system will be operationally efficient with greater impact of demand side management; which with self-automation will allow flexibility of operations due to ease of reconfiguration of the network, prompt detection of faults and efficient dispatch of network resources. This paper presents the inherent structural characteristics as a more appropriate alternative to the traditional load flow methods for solving problems in this type of power system. To demonstrate this, the problem of transmission dispatch and network reconfiguration to enhance the security and minimize system losses during occurrences of critical outages is investigated. A load flow analysis approach is compared with one based on inherent structural characteristics theory.


The Drinks Industry Group of Ireland (DIGI) has published a new report, Drinks Market Performance 2011 by Anthony Foley of DCU Business School, showing that the overall drinks market and alcohol consumption levels in Ireland were essentially static last year due to the to the deep recession and changing consumption patterns.

The report shows that in 2011 the total value of bar sales declined by 7.2% with a 5.5% fall in sales volumes. Ireland's pubs, bars, hotels and restaurants are therefore continuing to suffer major declines with a knock-on effect on local businesses and revenues.

In particular, the declines in bar sales are having a significant impact on jobs in this employment-intensive sector, where over 5,000 pub jobs have been lost in the last two years.

The declines in the on-trade were offset by a 5% increase in off-sales, continuing the structural shift in the drinks trade towards consumers purchasing alcohol for consumption in the home. The majority of these were generated through large retail multiples, meaning that the independent off-trade represents a diminishing share of sales.

Due to the decline in bar volumes and the increase in consumption at home, off sales now account for almost 60% of all alcohol consumed in Ireland.

As a result of these figures, the overall alcohol market increased marginally by 0.17% in 2011. However with the increase in adult population average consumption levels decreased to 11.7 litres of alcohol, a level last seen in the mid-1990s.


This CD-ROM shows how computer-assisted learning (CAL) canprovide excellent learning opportunities which might otherwiseonly be available in the presence of an experiencededucationalist. Based on the latest guidelines from the British Hypertension Society (BHS), its website-style interface enablesthe user to navigate easily between the various sections. Thetechnology is used to good effect to allow anyone who canuse a mouse to benefit from this comprehensive educational resource.


Forty years after the discovery of light emission from inelastic electron tunneling (LEIT), we review its historical development in relation to the recent demonstrations of light emitting optical antennas driven by quantum tunneling. A general outlook on promising research directions towards efficient, electrically driven, nanoscale light emitters is given.


Open topological string partition function on compact Calabi-Yau threefolds satisfies the extended holomorphic anomaly equation. By direct integration, we solve these equations and obtain partition functions for first several genus and boundaries on complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds. Complemented by the unoriented worldsheet contribution, the annulus functions encode the genus one BPS invariants.


Recommended Citation Sisson, M., Shen, J., Reay, W., Miles, E. J., Kuo, A. Y., & Wang, H. V. (2010) A Numerical Modeling Assessment for the Implementation of a Runoff Reduction Strategy Plan for the Restoration of Thalia Creek, Virginia Beach. Special Reports in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering (SRAMSOE) No. 416. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/V5C73B


Melanoma is a severe form of skin cancer characterized by the rapid multiplication of pigment-producing cells. A problem on analysis of these images is interesting because of the existence of artifacts that produces noise such as hair, veins, water residue, illuminations, and light reflections. An important step in the diagnosis of melanoma is the removal and reduction of these artifacts that can inhibit the examination to accurately segment the skin lesion from the surrounding skin area. A simple method for artifacts removal for extracting skin lesion is implemented based on image enhancement and morphological operators. This is used for training together with some augmentation techniques on images for melanoma detection. The experimental results show that artifact removal and lesion segmentation in skin lesion images performed a true detection rate of 95.37% for melanoma skin lesion segmentation, and as high as 92.5% accuracy for melanoma detection using both GoogLeNet and Resnet50.


Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) metrics derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) that measure dynamic features of brain communications that change over time are gaining more and more attention. A key concern is the reliability of DFC parameters, especially given the many methodological options. The DFC parameters mean dwell time (MDT), prevalence (Prev.), inter-transition interval (ITI) and state variability (Var.) were computed in 23 participants using a two-state model, sliding window analysis, and two imaging sessions. Reliability of the connectivity states, test-retest reliability of the parameters as well as correlations between DFC parameters were investigated for different scan lengths (i.e., 16 vs 8 min.), atlases (i.e., 116 vs. 442 regions of interest) and with/without within-subject centering of DFC matrices. The results showed an integrated (I) and a segregated (S) brain state with high intra-class correlation (ICC) values of the states between sessions (0.67 ≥ ICC ≥ 0.99). Reliability of the DFC parameters is, at best, intermediate with an ICC = 0.51 for prevalence for not-centered, 16 min. data and the coarse atlas. Moreover, MDTs of both states were positively correlated for centered data. Prevalence of one state was positively correlated with MDT of the same state and frequently negatively correlated with MDT of the other state. Var was positively correlated with MDT and Prev for the same state and negatively correlated for the other state for not-centered data. This study suggests that prevalence is the most reliable DFC parameter with lower reliability for shorter scans, more atlas regions and centering. Thus, it is advantageous to formulate hypotheses related to brain dynamics in terms of prevalence, especially in small-scale studies.


Purpose: Global supply chains increasingly demand sustainable setups, from the first to the last mile in transportation. Particularly in urban settings, the use of commercial electric vehicles for transport tasks might be a suitable measure to increase overall sustainability. Methodology: For an initial structuring step of this growing research field, this paper conducts a systematic literature review based on Denyer and Tranfield (2010). The aim is to provide an overview regarding existing routing approaches for commercial electric vehicles, their characteristics and their suitability for typical application contexts in urban logistics (e.g. retail, parcel delivery, gastronomy). Findings: The results point out topical gaps regarding the specific characteristics considered in the routing models and the focus of their optimization objectives. Among others, research gaps where identified regarding specific urban logistics requirements like energy management considerations for cooling/heating, mixed fleet modelling and (partial) recharging. Originality: While the ecologic and economic impacts of electric vehicles have already been researched extensively, the OR-perspective on their commercial use still is an emerging topic. This review contributes to the structuring of this research field, which can play a key role in the practical application of electric vehicles in urban contexts.


As a sustainable development material, bamboo has become a hot research object in recent years with its characteristics of environmental friendly. By analyzing the reasons for the market situation of round bamboo furniture, the plastic, metal and rubber materials are used in the design of the round bamboo furniture fittings production, in order to achieve the round bamboo furniture with solid structure, removable parts and standardizing fittings. To a certain extent, standardized production has improved the design-manufacture present situation and promoted the market value of round bamboo furniture. Keywords—round bamboo furniture; fittings; standardized production


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 9 ginsenosides in Shenmai Injection.Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 Synergi column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the column temparature was maintained at 30°C.A linear elution of 0.05% phosphric acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile was used and the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1.The UV detection wavelength was setup at 203 nm.Results:The good resolution can be achieved among 9 ginsenosides and the method was linear over the investigated concentration range.The average recovery was between 95% and 105%.Conclusion:The method is accurate,easy and reproducible,which could be applied to quality control of the multi-ginsenosides in Shenmai Injection.


This article focuses on how adults listen to the voices of young people and engage in a dialogue to create meaningful participation that is accessible and inclusive rather than tokenistic. The study that was conducted used a participatory, arts-based methodology to elicit the views of young people. Hatton's model of participative practice is put forward, as it recognises the centrality of relationships as being the key to enhancing participation as part of a dialogue and shared experience. This centrality of relationships is linked to the practice of youth work, which supports the agency of young people and their capacity to participate.


At the conclusion of the first section of the current fault identification algorithm for all nodes take part in the calculation are based on the network for radiation and dual power distribution network, put forward a T-node and dual power distribution network of the treatment strategy. At the same time, dual power distribution network to determine the end of failure to do the improvements, the contact switch is included in all the lines connected. In general, the application of radiation network algorithm can be used for "closed-loop connections, sub-supply" dual power supplies and multi-power supply network. Algorithm in order to achieve contact switch for the cut-off point, only select information includes fault lines involved in the calculation, a reduction of participation in computing node, improve the computational efficiency.


The operating principle of PIN diodes is reviewed. A newly-designed community antenna television (CATV) controller is presented. With the controller, the signal can be effectively controlled and the cost of CATV billing system be reduced. Of the controller, the structure is simple, volume small, and cost lower, which result form the application of PIN diodes in the CATV controller.


Objective: To investigate the profile of changes in the use of the upper extremity in three children with hemiplegia submitted to an adapted protocol of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Methods: A single-subject design (ABA) was replicated in three children aged 8 to 11 years old. Baseline phases (A1) and (A2) and the intervention phase (B) lasted 2 weeks each. During the intervention period, children wore a splint on the non-affected extremity for 10 hours a day and were submitted to 3 hours of therapy a day during 10 days. Training consisted of activities with the affected upper extremity, with gradually increasing complexity and verbal feedback. Hand function was classified according to the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). Children were assessed four times every week with the Toddler Arm Use Test (TAUT) and three adapted tasks from the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test (JTHF), and once a week with the Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) and self-care scales of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Celeration Line, Two-Standard Deviation Band and visual analysis methods were used for data analyses. Results: Significant improvements in the amount and quality of upper extremity use (PMAL), TAUT quality of use for children 2 and 3, and participation for child 1, as well as decreased time to complete JTHF tasks for children 2 and 3 were observed. No changes were observed in the PEDI self-care scales. Conclusion: CIMT effects were associated with improvements in manual dexterity, amount and quality of use of the affected upper extremity in children with hemiplegia.


In the last decade wills have joined in the fight against the progression of chronic kidney disease. Thus, in 2006 the International Kidney Day was established, being the second Thursday of March of each year the commemorative date. In the Central Military Hospital in Bogotá, under the International Kidney Day, an educational and screening journey of renal risk factors was performed. Attendees were users of the health system of the Armed Forces of Colombia. It was found in 4.5% of the population a decline in the glomerular filtration rate according to age, with 11% presence of microalbuminuria. The metabolic syndrome is frequent in our environment and in our study population about half (52%) of the attendees met the diagnostic criteria. Association between increased BMI or elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and development of microalbuminuria was identified. Campaigns are needed to control the metabolic syndrome in order to control the underlying risk for chronic kidney disease.


The work done in this paper mainly focuses on improved methodologies to be adopted for switch mode power supply and efficient utilization of electricity by reducing the standby energy consumption along with accessibility of local generation and storage system. A brief data on calculations based on comparison of real time data of SMPS power plant with maximum allowable load for various equipment has also been discussed in this paper. It provides the predictive analysis for upgradation and maintenance works. It also considers the power distribution from feeder to Sub-Station, working of HT panel, LT panel, operation of distribution transformers, brief introduction to power plant, their storing units, generation and distribution of power, energy management issues and its practical implementation.


A novel method of optical injection locking to obtain efficient synchronisation between independent sets of optical frequency combs from two modelocked semiconductor lasers is presented. Locking dynamics are experimentally observed and the performance of oscillator synchronisation is demonstrated by an optical heterodyne detection experiment.


In this article, I examine producers' interpretations of economic downturn in an Alaskan commercial fishery to shed light on how workers endure ongoing capitalist vicissitudes and how capitalism itself endures. I focus on Alaska's salmon industry, which has weathered many ups and downs. In the early 2000s, despite strong wild salmon populations, the industry struggled as salmon prices sank to new lows. Drawing on ethnographic research in Bristol Bay, where most residents identify as Alaska Native, I show how salmon producers withstood volatile economic cycles by looking to ecological cycles, particularly the region's salmon returns, to interpret the fluctuations of capitalism and envision a future both within and beyond it. While fishers expressed senses of precariousness during the downturn through metaphors of extinction, they also undertook efforts to "reinvent" the industry, identifying in salmon cycles their own capacity to continue. Highlighting how dramatic ecological fluxes tune Bristol Bay producers to recurring change, I argue that this case reveals a more general pattern by which workers become oriented to ongoing instability. As they draw on experiences forged beyond the terms of capitalism to engage within it, their responses help maintain its cycles but also bolster their ability to persist in its midst. [crisis, capitalism, natural resources, fishing, Alaska]


Many popular, professionally-written smartphone apps today prefetch large amounts of network data to improve performance. However, the typical user may not use all of this network data. When a user is on a limited or pay-per-byte cellular data plan, such as when roaming internationally, this prefetching behavior can cost her in overage fees on her cellular bill. This video demonstrates Procrastinator, which is a system that automatically decides when to fetch each network object that an app requests. This decision is made based on whether the user is on Wi-Fi or cellular, how many bytes are remaining on her data plan, and whether the object is needed at the present time. Procrastinator does not require app developer effort, nor app source code, nor OS changes -- it modifies the app binary to trap specific system calls and inject custom code. Our system can achieve as little as no savings to 4X reduction in total bytes transferred by an app, depending on the user and the app. These savings for the data-poor user come with a 300ms median latency penalty on LTE if the user goes to a part of the app where Procrastinator did not allow data to be prefetched. This video shows how main content on the primary page of apps is unaffected, and the delay that the user will typically experience if she goes to secondary pages in apps when she is running out of cellular data plan bytes.


sonic' is 'what might keep the moving image mobile and prevent it from being tied down to stable forms' (265). Furthermore, his advocacy of 'the sonic' is ultimately more coherent than the all-too-eirenic philosophical tapestry that he utilizes; there are all sorts of usefulness in variously resorting to Deleuze, Bergson, Merleau-Ponty, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Luc Nancy, Emmanuel Levinas and others in extrapolating from Grandrieux's work. And yet, with this synthesis Hainge runs the risk of occluding the significant differences between these figures. Grandrieux's ambitions to 'make films with bare life' (267) may perform an even more radical nihilation than Hainge lets on, in turn remaking its theoretical influences. Since one could say of a Grandrieux film that 'the void [is] serving as its site' (see Foucault 1990, 16), the very richness of Hainge's explanatory discussion almost does a disservice to Grandrieux's radicality in suggesting that modern or contemporary philosophical approaches already encompass such a challenge. Nevertheless, in formulating adequate theoretical responses to this territory of representation and nonrepresentation, Philippe Grandrieux is likely to remain a significant goalpost.


Abstract Introduction: The lung is considered a target organ in diabetes mellitus as a consequence of alterations secondary to chronic hyperglycemia that compromise respiratory muscle strength. Metabolic surgery for improving diabetes mellitus has beneficial effects on weight loss and glucose metabolism. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength, assessed by MIP and MEP, body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after metabolic surgery without gastric resection. Method: Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in the study. The participants had a mean age of 44.8 ± 11.81 years. Results: The results showed a significant decrease of MEP values in the immediate postoperative period when compared to the preoperative period (p=0.001), while no significant results were obtained for MIP. Regarding BMI and fasting glucose, significant weight loss and a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels were observed in the late postoperative period (p=0.006 and p=0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The MIP and MEP were reestablished and satisfactory results were obtained for BMI and fasting glucose in the late postoperative period. Further studies are needed to monitor patients in the pre- and postoperative period of metabolic surgery, identifying complications and acting on the care and recovery of these patients.


For millennia, occidental medical ethics has required doctors to care only for people accepted as patients. Except for emergencies, physicians have no duty to care for sick and needy people as such. International law has set two exceptions. According to the Fourth Geneva Convention (1977, Additional Protocol 1): "In all circumstances [all persons in medical need] shall be treated humanely and shall receive, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay, the medical care and attention required by their condition. There shall be no distinction among them founded on any grounds other than medical ones." "Soft" international law, in the form of the Helsinki Declaration, requires that participants in human experimentation receive "established effective treatment" to their medical conditions. Both sets of laws are similarly paternalistic. The Geneva Convention prohibits reception of organ donation from prisoners of war (POWs), even upon informed consent; the Helsinki structure of governance does not honor informed consent to participate in research that is not approved by an institutional review board (IRB). The growing gap between rich and poor countries and the growth in military presence of rich and powerful states in very poor and failing states have challenged the notion of equality and uniformity, which is strongly implied in both sets of regulations. What does it mean for Coalition Forces to provide equal medical care to needy people in a very poor country? Three modes of reasoning may account for the Geneva Convention. The first is reciprocity. Usually, each army takes care of its own sick and wounded. However, it is in the nature of warfare that armies find some of their sick and injured in the hands of the enemy. Hence, the contracting parties agree to provide equal care for all. In this framework, all the needy are already "patients" of a large health care service of military medicine at war. Some happen to be treated by one army; others, by the other. The second reason is utilitarian, according to which, medical care will reduce death and suffering overall. The third reason might be humanitarian, in the sense that every person deserves some basic care in a situation of extreme need. Because these minimal standards are derived solely from the humanness of the persons in need and from universal human values, they are also equal all over humanity (Barilan 2012, 93–97). However, humanitarianism does not require equal standards of treatment, only equality in relation to basic needs. Indeed, humanitarianism and the laws of war value the reduction of cruelty and suffering by means of universal laws more than consistency and justice (Barilan 2017). Hence, provided that triage is not motivated by contempt, hostility, or disregard, it might be ethical to choose a certain group of needy people to receive care at a level higher than the basic minimum. Michael Gross discusses "associative obligations" as one such consideration (Gross 2017). Reflection on the drafting and early implementation of the Geneva Convention suggests that the humanitarian attitude, rather than reciprocity and utility, was the original motivating force (Finnemore 1999). Premodern customary law also supports the unilateral humanitarian thesis, according to which perceived absolute standards of restraint on cruelty and provision of humanitarian care prevail over considerations of reciprocity (Barilan and Zuckerman 2013). These observations encourage the integration of "obligations of association" in military medical ethics, and possibly in research ethics as well. How do associative obligations stand in relation to other kinds of obligations, such as the duty to care for all those in medical need? It may be argued that "associative obligations" serve as tie breakers (Barilan 2012, 212). When two people with equal medical needs compete for care, associative duties tip the balance. Such a role is not discriminatory, because it does not articulate any negative attitude to


The long monitoring period,plentiful contents and complex influencing factors of tunnel deformation monitoring have made the monitoring methods being improved continuously and will require a real-time health evaluation to the tunnel.It states the construction of BP neural network and tunnel safety evaluation model,studies the tunnel safety evaluation model base on BP neural network in the category of deformation monitoring,proposes a modern internet of things mode of tunnel deformation monitoring system joints satellite positioning technology, measurement robot,sensor technology and network technology of wireless mobile communication together,analyzes the deformation characteristics of multisource data,combines with the experiences and knowledge of evaluation experts,realizes tunnel safety evaluation under BP neural network and deformation monitoring data,and provides a novel and effective method to tunnel deformation monitoring and safety evaluation.


Abstract : An evaluation of standard paint tests and physical and chemical analysis for naturally and artificially weathered aircraft coatings is reported. Most standard paint tests such as pendulum hardness have little ability to predict coating failure. Physical tests of bulk properties such as dynamic mechanical analysis have little ability to predict coating failure. Surface analysis techniques such as XPS, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and contact angle when used with property data analysis such as Box-Jenkins time series analysis do have predictive and mechanistic utility.


Aiming at meeting the confidentiality and security requirements of the hospital patients data,a design and implementation of secure USB flash drive based on ARM Cortex-M3with high-speed is presented.Storage management part in the design of USB flash drive firmware is emphasized,such as the write operation optimization,wear balance management strategy,bad block management algorithm,NAND Flash error correcting code(ECC)check method,and the design and implementation of security software of USB flash drive,etc.The experimental results show that the USB flash drive described realizes USB2.0high-speed transmission and is better to ensure the safety of the USB flash drive.


In this paper, a safe adaptive dynamic programming (SADP) method based on the barrier function (BF) is proposed for the optimal control problem of nonlinear safety-critical systems with the safety constraints and external disturbance. Firstly, the barrier function is used to transform the nonlinear system with the security constraints into a transformed system without the security constraints. Secondly, based on the transformed system, a new barrier-disturbance-related term is proposed to approximate the effect of the external disturbance. On the premise of satisfying the security constraints and stability, the neural network (NN) approximation method is used to approximate the optimal cost function and optimal control strategy of the system online. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can make the system state convergence well and does not violate the security constraints.


Objective: To report a new clinical phenotype associated with a previously unreported SLC6A1 mutation. Background: Pathogenic variants of the SLC6A1 gene, coding for GABA transporter protein 1, have recently been reported to cause drug resistant myoclonic-astatic epilepsy and is associated with generalized spike/polyspike slow wave discharges. Design/Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records. Results: 3-year-old boy who sat at age 6 months, walked at 18 months and said his first word at 2 years. He developed at the age of 9 months, episodes (10/day) of sudden initial complete loss of tone followed by 2–3 seconds of persistent atonia, or eyelid blinking or tonic clonic activity. EEG showed bilateral independent multifocal frontal and temporal spikes and no ESES. Seizures did not improve on levetiracetam and the patient was noted to have poor social interaction and poor eye contact. At the age of 2.5 years he was started on Zonegran 3 mg/kg/day and within a few days his seizures dropped to 2–3/day, his eye contact improved and his vocabulary quickly increased to 20 words. The dose was increased about a month later to 6 mg/kg/day and he had further marked improvement: He started to follow instructions, had further improved eye contact and three months later had endured only 3 seizures one of which was precipitated by an illness, and another after an LP. He was noted to become much more social with increased energy and improved social interaction. In another 3 months while on the same dosage he was seizure fee except for rare 1–2 second staring spells (1–2/week), likely behavioral, or single mild extremity myoclonic jerks (1–2/week). Extensive metabolic workup was negative. Whole Exome Sequencing showed a novel c.196A>G, p.Asn66Asp variant strongly predicted to be disease causing. Conclusions: Our findings expand the epilepsy phenotype caused by SLC7A1 mutations. Disclosure: Dr. Helseth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mohamad has nothing to disclose.


22 surface of a glass-drum. The reactor can receive solar light and oxygen from the atmosphere effectively. It was shown experimentally that phenol can be decomposed rapidly by this reactor under solar light: with our 3 experimental conditions the phenol with an initial concentration of 22.0 mg / dm was decomposed within 60 min and was completely mineralized through intermediate products within 100 min. The photonic efficiency under solar light was shown to take the value 0.00742 mol-C / Einstein. The photocatalytic decomposition processes of phenol by this reactor were also discussed on the basis of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


One of the prospects for the development of application of gas turbine engines in the decentralized energy system is to use a microturbine units operating on biofuel. Authors in this paper propose a new method of designing of microturbines and consider some aspects and special features in the design of micro-turbines.


Overview of Macrophage Polarization Phenotypes in Atherosclerosis Despite major advances in our understanding of the various functions of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, what actually determines macrophage phenotypic polarization during lesion development remains enigmatic. It is generally accepted that the tissue microenvironment determines macrophage phenotypic polarization. That is, macrophages specifically respond to extracellular cues ranging from bacterial components to oxidatively modified molecules, translating information by using a range of cell surface receptors and their associated intracellular signaling cascades. On the contrary, macrophages also respond to changes in their intracellular milieu, such as cholesterol loading or endoplasmatic reticulum–stress, by inducing highly specified adaptive mechanisms and reactions, using intracellular sensors, such as redox-dependent transcription factors or nuclear hormone receptors. Although the response to inflammatory and antiinflammatory stimulants is quite well understood, the mechanisms that are evoked by other stimuli are just beginning to be unraveled.


John Ohliger will be remembered as one of history's great adult educators for his unending fight against mandatory continuing education and as adult education's most prolific and articulate bibliographer. Yet, his position in history is so much greater than merely that of an outstanding adult educator. Historically, he should be placed in the company of John Holt, Joel Springs, Martin Carnoy, Ivan Illich, Everett Reimer, and all those educators who challenged the very existence and purpose of public education. Collectively, this group argued that mandatory education was a tool of the marketplace intended to reproduce the status quo of the corporate state. The purpose of this article is to establish the historical importance of Ohliger's life-long vocation to both practitioners and scholars, and reintroduce the contestable issues surrounding compulsory vs. voluntary adult education. Ohliger became an adult educator like many of us, via the circuitous path of life's unanticipated side streets--a path that most of us never plan or imagine. Born in 1926, he grew to love books as a child. In high school he was a reporter for the school newspaper. In 1945, he enlisted in the army and advanced to a sergeant responsible for the Troop Information and Educating Program. Six years later he earned an A.B. degree at Wayne University (now Wayne State University), majoring in social sciences and speech, where he was also an activist for the the Democratic Party. As a young college graduate he began to explore socialism and Trotskyism, while working part-time with the education department of the Michigan Council of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. By 1956 Ohliger's identity as an adult educator crystallized when he received a leadership grant from the Ford Foundation's Fund for Adult Education to pursue a master's degree at UCLA. Here he began to emerge as an intellectual who would challenge the field of adult education for the next 45 years. The Fund for Adult Education, established in 1951, provided those essential monies that supported this nascent field of study by aiding the newly formed Adult Education Association and later the Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults. It was one of the early foundations "to recognize the potential of television" and the importance of "liberal education for business and union leaders" (Stubblefield & Keane, 1994, p. 278). In the late 1950s, Ohliger moved from Los Angeles to Chicago where he worked for two other programs supported by the Fund: the Great Books Foundation and the American Foundation for Political Education. In 1961, he moved back to California and worked with Radio Pacifica, a progressive radio station founded in 1941 by anarchists. The station is still operating today. By 1966, Ohliger had completed his doctorate in adult education at UCLA and went to work as the continuing education director for Selkirk College, the first regional community college in British Columbia. A year later he joined the adult education faculty at Ohio State University, earned tenure and stayed until 1973, when he moved to Madison, Wisconsin, where he spent most of the rest of his life. At Ohio State, Ohliger began to reflect upon his life and education, and concluded the most important and unifying theme in adult education was that it should be voluntary. In his words: Looking around for someone to support this new-found consciousness I found one author, Ivan Illich, who led me to others. Illich, and his educational mentor, Everett Reimer, were the only persons at the time I could find who recognized the oppressive direction in which schooling was moving. (1997, p. 29) For the rest of Ohliger's life he would remain true to this theme, i.e., when the education of adults becomes compulsory it ceases to be adult education. With academic status and tenure, Ohliger began to seriously pursue his vision of adult education as a voluntary activity He became actively involved with Illich and Reamer at the Center for Intercultural Documentation (CIDOC) in Cuernavaca, Mexico, spending extended periods of time away from campus trying to understand how education at all levels is used to maintain existing social and class inequalities throughout the world. …


The present paper deals with vibrations of axially moving beams. Large displacements and finite deformations with respect to a co‐moving reference configuration are studied. For that sake, an extension of Reissner's non‐linear beam theory is used, which allows working with constitutive relations stated at the stress‐strain level of continuum mechanics. We restrict to plane deformations and to the Bernoulli‐Euler assumption for slender beams. In extension to formulations in the literature, we study a situation, in which a reference configuration with an unknown length is to be considered. Exemplary numerical results are presented for the case of a statically pre‐deformed beam with an initially unknown reference configuration, which is set into an accelerated axial motion, where the length of the reference configuration however is kept fixed during the onset of vibrations.


Multiple test access port (TAP) controllers on a single chip are accessed, while maintaining the appearance to an outside observer of having only a single test access port controller. By adding a single bit to a data register (212) of each of a plurality of TAP controllers (102, 106), along with straightforward combinational logic, the plurality of TAP controllers can be accessed without the need for additional chip pins, and without the need for additional TAP controllers. Toggling the state of the added bits in the respective data registers of the plurality of TAP controllers provides the control information for either selecting one TAP controller or daisy- chaining of the plurality of TAP controllers.


Creative Problem-Solving (CPS) can be a transformative teaching methodology that supports a dialogical learning atmosphere that can transcend the traditional classroom and inspire excellence in students by linking real life experiences with the curriculum. It supports a sense of inquiry that incorporates both experiential learning and the development of critical thinking skills. Incorporating active learning strategies in a way that transcends the classroom and sparks interest and passion for students is an important pedagogical ingredient for educators. The key question driving this study is how can CPS as a teaching method be used to motivate students and engage them in a process of active learning within the context of a social policy course? This study examines student engagement and motivation in a problem-centred approach to teaching and learning, and provides a concrete example of a CPS exercise couched in small group facilitations to support peer learning.


The purposes of this study were to develop the customized instructional programs by the causes of science underachievement and to identify the effectiveness of these programs. For these, we analyzed the characteristics of underachievers and causes of science underachievement and classified 22 7th grade science underachievers into three different types such as lack of science process skill, lack of science learning motivation, and lack of science learning strategy. They then were divided into the experimental and comparative groups. Instructional programs treated for both groups covered the same topics and were conducted once a week for 60 minutes each time for 15 weeks. Eleven students in the comparative group were treated with an activity-centered science program that dealt with basic science concepts. Unlike science underachievers in the comparative group, those in the experimental group were given customized instructional program. After the treatment, students were administered several tests including a test on awareness of the program, science process skill test, science learning motivation and strategy test, and academic science achievement test. In addition to the results of those tests, worksheets, daily activity reports, and interviews were used to evaluate a customized instructional program that was applied to the experimental group. Results of the study showed that these programs relieved science underachievers from the cause of poor achievement and accordingly help them achieve better performance in academics. In addition, both lack of learning motivation and lack of learning strategy types tended to relieve the other causes of science underachievement. Also, the experimental group showed a high level of satisfaction with the customized instructional programs.


With the acceptance of a computer for the control of separate on-line processes, consideration must now be given to extending such a control system to complete plants. The use of a single composite computer unit for this purpose is not generally practical, and an alternative approach to the problem is discussed. This uses a number of self-contained control units which are interconnected to form a hierarchy system. The pattern of control so formed is analogous to a conventional management structure. To illustrate the principles involved and demonstrate their application an integrated control and data handling system for a steel works is described.


Reactor internal components are subjected to neutron irradiation in light water reactors, and with the aging of nuclear power plants around the world, irradiation-induced material degradations are of concern for reactor internals. Irradiation-induced defects resulting from displacement damage are critical for understanding degradation in structural materials. In the present work, microstructural changes due to irradiation in austenitic stainless steels and cast steels were characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The specimens were irradiated in the BOR-60 reactor, a fast breeder reactor, up to ~40 dpa at ~320°C. The dose rate was approximately 9.4x10-7 dpa/s. Void swelling and irradiation defects were analyzed for these specimens. A high density of faulted loops dominated the irradiated-altered microstructures. Along with previous TEM results, a dose dependence of the defect structure was established at ~320°C.


(0.1) piÂi) = 0, i,j=l,2,---, (0.2) 22 Pad) =h ¿-1,2, •••, i (0.3) X) Pa(s)Pik(t) = pa(s + t), i, k = 1, 2, • • • ; 0 < s; t < ». i Then {;p ,•,(<)} can be considered the transition probability functions of a Markoff chain : some system can assume various numbered states and pa(t) is the probability that the system is in the jth state at the end of a time interval of length / if it was in the ¿th state at the beginning of the interval, whatever the initial point of the interval and the states assumed before the initial point. Conversely a Markoff chain corresponding to a system which can assume denumerably many states, with the property that the probability of a transition from state i at time h to state j at time t2 is a function of i,j, h — h, determines functions satisfying (0.1), (0.2), (0.3). Let x(/) be the number assigned to the state assumed by the system at time t. Then x(i) is a chance variable for each value of /, and the study of the probability properties of the process is simply the study of the one parameter family of chance variables {x(/)j. If for each value of t a sample value of xit) is obtained, the totality of these values defines a sample function usually also denoted suggestively and confusingly by x(i). The sample functions are integral-valued functions and the probability theory of the process when studied rigorously is the study of the probability measure defined for certain sets in the space of all sample functions. For reasons detailed below, it is always assumed that


1) To understand the epidemiology and morbidity associated with intermittent atrial fibrillation. 2) To understand the benefits and risks of the two strategies for treating interinittent atrial fibrillation-rate control versus rhythm control. 3) To understand the risks of antiarrhythmic therapy and identify those patients most at risk for developing lethal side effects. 4) To know the data on efficacy and safety of common antiarrhythmias used to treat intermittent atrial fibrillation.


Reinforcement learning (RL) based methods are an upcoming approach for the control of power systems such as electric drives. These data-driven techniques do not need an explicit plant model like most common state-of-the-art approaches. Instead, the control policy is continuously improved solely based on measurement feedback pursuing optimal control performance through learning. While the general feasibility of RL-based drive control algorithms has already been proven in simulation, this work focuses on transferring the methodology to real-world experiments. In the case of electric motor control, a strict real-time requirement, safety constraints, system delays and the limitations of embedded hardware frameworks are hurdles to overcome. Hence, several modifications to the general RL training setup are introduced in order to enable RL in real-world electric drive control problems. In particular, a rapid control prototyping toolchain is introduced allowing fast and flexible testing of arbitrary RL algorithms. This simulation-to-experiment pipeline is considered an important intermediate step towards introducing RL in embedded control for power electronic systems. To highlight the potential of RL-based drive control, extensive experimental investigations addressing the current control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor utilizing a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm have been conducted. Despite the early state of research in this domain, promising control performance could be achieved.


UV-Fenton process was applied to oxidize the unsymmetrialdimethy hydrazine(UDMH) wastewater.The optimal manufacturing process and the primary factors contribute to the UV-Fenton oxidation were determined by orthogonal experiments with removal efficiencies of the UDMH and COD in wastewater as two main monitor index,and the removal efficiencies of UDMH wastewater of five kinds of reaction systems were compared.Results show that when initial H2O2 is 1.5 times of the theoretical quantity(1.5 Qth),the molar ratio of Fe2+ to H2O2 is 1:10,pH value is 3.5,room temperature is 25 ℃,and the reaction time is 45 min,the removal effciency of UDMH and COD is over 99% and 95.8% respectively.The change curves of degradation intermediate products CN-and HCHO and the UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry spectra of UDMH wastewater degradation processes were studied.Results show that UV-Fenton process is efficient in UDMH wastewater treatment.


Reinforcing concrete with fiber is one of the most effective methods to improve the properties of cement-based materials. In this study, the effect of using two different polyamide fibers (i.e. PA6 and PA66) as reinforcement in fine aggregate concretes was investigated. The effects of the fiber length and type of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) were also studied. Three-point bending test, pullout, and compression tests were carried out on the cementitious composites. The effect of embedment length was also investigated on pullout behavior. Pseudo-strain hardening behavior was obtained in the fiber-reinforced concretes. Although there was no significant difference in the flexural properties of composites containing PA66 and PA6 fibers, the pullout load and energy which were obtained by PA66 fibers were 36% and 45% higher than PA6 fibers, respectively. It was found that an increase in PA66 fiber embedment length up to 10 mm leads to an increase in pullout energy. The compressive strength of more than 90 MPa was obtained using PA66 fibers, which were considerably higher than ordinary concrete and PVA fiber-reinforced concrete.


A methodology for extracting and learning geometric features has been studied. At first, an algorithm was developed to easily create voxels (volume pixels) from three-dimensional CAD data. A voxel is a picture element in a three-dimensional coordinate system. With the algorithm, CAD data such as STL formatted data can be converted to very fine voxels in a few seconds. Then, distance values from the surface of each voxel are calculated. This produces a Ds (distance from surface) map can be obtained. In the next step, skeletons of shapes are extracted as polygons from the mapped data. Voxels with the maximum Ds among neighboring voxels are selected as skeleton candidates. After the selection, the candidates are converted to straight lines or circular rings. They are then represented by several vectors and stored as a tree structure. A standard tree involves, for example, four levels and each branch has four descendants. Each parent branch has the same number of descendants. That is, a standard tree is composed of 85 branches and can be converted into a vector involving 85 elements. Moreover, if each branch has five attributes to be represented, the vector comes to have 425 elements. The attributes include such as the scaled volume, connection strength, and scaled X,Y,Z coordinates. These vectors are the input to a skeleton classifier, which is constructed on the basis of the back propagation neural network model. The proposed approach was implemented on a PC machine. A viewer was developed to display the skeletons clearly in three-dimensional shapes. At the beginning of an experiment, thirty six parts were used to demonstrate the classification capability for the methodology. Here, those skeletons extracted directly from the three-dimensional shapes were used. It was found that the back propagation neural network model should be trained using some representative shapes. With this training, thirty six parts can be grouped into several families. The results were reasonable. Following this, more examples were shown to see if this method is practically useful. It was found that the classification results can be used to group parts into families in a hierarchical manner.


This article seeks to find out how the new policy thinking, namely, the 'Look East' apparently intended to deliver India's Northeast from its presently landlocked and peripheral status produces new geopolitical imaginaries that are not necessarily bound by the limits set forth by it. The article is more about the gaze that India's 'Look East' casts particularly on the Northeast and how it constitutes and imagines into existence a space that extends beyond the region. The new geopolitical imagination set off by the new policy thinking envisages a space that apparently refuses to be bound by the present geography of the Northeast as much as it promises to spread across the international borders to the countries of Southeast Asia through such frontline states as Myanmar and Bangladesh. I propose to call this imagined space—the extended Northeast—and argue that the way the space is imagined in official circles sets in motion many new imaginaries. The extended Northeast as being officially imagined now has therefore a mnemonic effect insofar as it offers a significant cue to the alternative modalities of imagining the Northeast.


Objectives To explore the relationship between ACE/ACE2 in congestive heart failure rats after myocardial infarction and the treatment effect of Carvedilol. Methods The rat heart failure model was induced by acute myocardial infarction(AMI)through ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. One month after operation,rats were randomized to CHF placebo group and carvedilol group. Sham-operated rats were used as the control group. Then we evaluates the following indexes at 8th week:(1)Hemodynamics;(2)Body mass and left ventricular mass index;(3)The circulate and cardiac level of angiotensin Ⅱ;(4)ACE and ACE2 gene and protein expression using RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results The cirlutation and cardiac angiotentin Ⅱ level were increased significantly in CHF placebo group than sham-operation group(P 0.01=, The ACE and ACE2 mRNA and protein were increased in CHF placebo group than sham-operation group (P0.05,P0.01=, the ratio of ACE/ACE2 was elevated. The hemodynamics parameters of carvedilol group improved significantly than CHF placebo group (P 0.01=. The Ang Ⅱ level of carvedilol group was decreased obviously compared with CHF placebo group(P 0.05=. The level of ACE mRNA and protein were decreased significantly in carvedilol group(P 0.01=. The level of ACE2 mRNA and protein were increased most significantly in carvedilol group(P 0.01). The ratio of ACE/ACE2 was decreased. Conclusions The ACE and ACE2 gene and protein expression were up-regulated in CHF rats, the ratio of ACE/ACE2 was elevated. Carvedilol can down-regulate the expression of ACE and up-regulate the expression of ACE2, then the ratio of ACE/ACE2 decrease. This is the new explanation of the mechanism of the drug.


Actinomycetes are remarkable producers of compounds essential for human and veterinary medicine as well as for agriculture. The genomes of those microorganisms possess several sets of genes (biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC)) encoding pathways for the production of the valuable secondary metabolites. A significant proportion of the identified BGCs in actinomycetes encode pathways for the biosynthesis of polyketide compounds, nonribosomal peptides, or hybrid products resulting from the combination of both polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The potency of these molecules, in terms of bioactivity, was recognized in the 1940s, and started the "Golden Age" of antimicrobial drug discovery. Since then, several valuable polyketide drugs, such as erythromycin A, tylosin, monensin A, rifamycin, tetracyclines, amphotericin B, and many others were isolated from actinomycetes. This review covers the most relevant actinomycetes-derived polyketide drugs with antimicrobial activity, including anti-fungal agents. We provide an overview of the source of the compounds, structure of the molecules, the biosynthetic principle, bioactivity and mechanisms of action, and the current stage of development. This review emphasizes the importance of actinomycetes-derived antimicrobial polyketides and should serve as a "lexicon", not only to scientists from the Natural Products field, but also to clinicians and others interested in this topic.


The paper shows new methods of analysis of ionospheric and magnetic data applying the models of multicomponent constructions (MCM models) developed by the authors. Based on ground station data, the analysis of ionospheric and magnetic data during increased solar activity was carried out.


Municipal biosolids are recycled as agricultural fertilizers. Recent studies have raised concerns due to the presence of emerging contaminants in municipal biosolids. Previous research suggests that these contaminants have the potential to reside in biosolids-based fertilizers that are commercially distributed. Use of these products in urban/suburban areas may provide a pathway for these contaminants to enter ecosystems and impact human and environmental health. Soils from Purdue University's community garden and MiracleGro Potting Mix were chosen to represent commonly used urban/suburban growth media. Triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl parabens were selected as compounds of interest for this study. A heat treated commercial biosolids-based fertilizer (Milorganite) was applied to growth media at a rate twice the recommended rate. Microcosm aeration and moisture content were monitored weekly and adjusted accordingly. Microcosms were sacrificed in triplicate at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, though data will continue to be collected up to 112 days. Soils were extracted using a 1:1 methanol:acetone (v/v) mixture, were cleaned up with microcentrifugation, and analyzed via LCMS/MS. Results demonstrate no degradation of triclocarban in either growth media, and no degradation of triclosan in Purdue University community garden soil, over 14 days. Degradation rates of triclosan in MiracleGro Potting Mix were inconclusive. This study should further our ability to assess risk and assist in guidance towards safer use of biosolids-based fertilizers.


Abstract This research about leadership role of headmaster and pedagogy competencies of teacher in SMK 2 Padang, and also to see the relationship between the two variables. Population are 72 teachers and 40 samples using proportional stratified random sampling technique. This research instrument is a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale, a score of variable leadership role of headmaster 0.907 and pedagogy competencies of teacher 0.897 that  means instrument is reliable. Data were analyzed using product moment correlation, get r score = 0.33 > = 0.284 believed  r tabel standard 95%. Research has come to the conclusion that there are relationship between leadership role of headmaster with the pedagogy competencies of teacher in SMK Negeri  2 Padang.


: The development of integration processes in the agro-industrial complex is an objective economic process associated both with the social division of labor and its specialization, and the need for interaction between specialized industries and types of agricultural and industrial production. The objective need to establish integration links in the agro-industrial complex arises from the very specifics of agricultural production and is determined by the raw nature of the products, seasonality and territorial disunity. The paper reveals the theoretical basis for the development of integration interactions of the territorial complex of agricultural production. The features and directions of development of mergers and co-operation in the region are considered, the main forms of integration are analyzed. The analysis of existing approaches and indicators used for the economic evaluation of integration processes. The choice of the most priority form of integration association for agro-industrial territories is grounded.


In recent years an increasing number of studies has been published devoted to the investigation of the literary features of biblical narratives 1). Whereas in the past biblical scholars paid attention primarily to genetic questions, with a view to restoring the "original", "authentic" form of the narratives by peeling off additions and disposing of alterations, lately there has been evidence of a growing tendency to deal with the biblical narrative in its present shape. Needless to say, this new literary approach is not to be confused with the formcritical method, which occupies itself mainly with questions of genre, formulas and other more or less fixed forms, and with their Sitq im Leben 2). The present literary method is concerned mainly with the


Aim: To assess the morphology of placenta from mothers having pre-eclampsia and to correlate with those from normal pregnancies. Study design: Study type; Prospective study Research design: Case Control study Place of study: Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. Methods: Total of 50 placentae were collected, divided into two groups, Control (Group A) and Preeclamptic (Group B) groups. Each group consisted of 25 placentae. All the placentae were observed for morphological features. Results: In this study, shape of placenta showed no changes in both pre-eclamptic and control groups. Pre-eclamptic placentae showed a highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in weight, diameter, thickness and number of cotyledons as compared to normal placentae. Conclusion: The present study concluded that pre-eclampsia is associated with remarkable morphological changes in the placentae.


Objective To invastigate the effects of DanShen on myocyte apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-associated genes in rat hearts with acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion(IR). Methods Models were made by ligation and loosening of left coronary artery in rats.Myocyte apoptosis and the protein expression of bax and bcl-2 genes were detected by random digoxin labeling and immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptotic indexes and the positive expression of bax and bcl-2 genes were significantly increased in IR group(P0.01).DanShen significantly inhibit the myocyte apoptosis and the expression of bax gene but no effect on the bcl-2 gene expression. Conclusion The myocyte apoptosis and the the expression of bax and bcl-2 are significantly increased in rat hearts with IR.DanShen is valuable in the treatment of IR because of its inhibition on bax gene expression.


This paper describes a wearable system for detecting, recognizing and recording what a user sees, says, and does. The developed system is a core component of our project of building a machine-readable interaction corpus, with stationary sensing systems installed ubiquitously in an indoor environment. The system is composed of a mobile PC, a camera, a microphone, and two microcontroller-based sensing modules. One of the modules is for recognizing the motion of a user such as sitting, standing, walking, and ascending/descending a stairway. The other has a CMOS image sensor to detect and recognize the ID tags with infrared LED, which are attached to other people, artifacts, and some places. Using the camera and microphone, the mobile PC collects the video/audio data as well as the recognized information about current motion, location, people and/or artifacts.